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Eremia SAV, Albu C, Radu GL, Ion M. Different Extraction Approaches for the Analysis of Melatonin from Cabernet Sauvignon and Feteasca Neagra Wines Using a Validated HPLC-FL Method. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062768. [PMID: 36985741 PMCID: PMC10051364 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the wine industry has shown a considerable degree of interest in the occurrence of melatonin in wines. Sample pretreatment may be the most important step in trace analysis. Since wine is a complex matrix and melatonin is present in low amounts (ppb), an adequate extraction technique is required. In this study, the effect of several extraction methods, such as solid phase extraction (SPE), Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe extraction (QuEChERS), and dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction (DLLME) was studied and the variable parameters that can arise throughout the extraction process were optimized to obtain the best results. A high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector (HPLC-FL) method was adapted and validated, including measurement uncertainty, for the analysis of melatonin in wines and to assess the efficiency of the extraction yield. After comparing the acquired results, the DLLME method was optimized. Extraction recoveries values ranging from 95 to 104% demonstrated that the approach may be successfully applied for the extraction and concentration (enrichment factor of almost eight) of melatonin in wine samples prior to HPLC-FL analysis. The first report of melatonin levels in Feteasca Neagra wines has been made. The data obtained for Cabernet Sauvignon revealed that the final levels of melatonin in the wines are dependent on the winemaking process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra A V Eremia
- Centre of Bioanalysis, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences-Bucharest, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Camelia Albu
- Centre of Bioanalysis, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences-Bucharest, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriel L Radu
- Centre of Bioanalysis, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences-Bucharest, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marian Ion
- Institute for Research and Development for Viticulture and Wine Making, 2 Valea Mantei, Valea Calugareasca, 107620, Romania
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2
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Grao-Cruces E, Calvo JR, Maldonado-Aibar MD, Millan-Linares MDC, Montserrat-de la Paz S. Mediterranean Diet and Melatonin: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:264. [PMID: 36829823 PMCID: PMC9951922 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD) has beneficial effects on human health, which is evidenced by the observation of lower incidence rates of chronic diseases in Mediterranean countries. The MD dietary pattern is rich in antioxidants, such as melatonin, which is a hormone produced mainly by the pineal gland and controls several circadian rhythms. Additionally, melatonin is found in foods, such as fruit and vegetables. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the melatonin content in Mediterranean foods and to evaluate the influence of the MD on melatonin levels in both humans and model organisms. A comprehensive search was conducted in four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Web of Science) and data were extracted. A total of 31 records were chosen. MD-related foods, such as tomatoes, olive oil, red wine, beer, nuts, and vegetables, showed high melatonin contents. The consumption of specific MD foods increases melatonin levels and improves the antioxidant status in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sergio Montserrat-de la Paz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Avenida Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain
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3
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Zhang XY, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Liu ZF, Wei BB, Feng XS. Melatonin in different food samples: Recent update on distribution, bioactivities, pretreatment and analysis techniques. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112272. [PMID: 36596183 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) plays a significant role on maintaining the basic physiological functions and regulating various metabolic processes in plentiful organisms. Recent years have witnessed an increase in MLT's share in global market with its affluent functions. However, the worrisome quality issues and inappropriate or excessive application of MLT take place inevitably. In addition, its photosensitive properties, oxidation, complex substrate concentration and trace levels leave exact detection of MLT doubly difficult. Therefore, it is essential to exploit precise, sensitive and stable extraction and detection methods to resolve above questions. In this study, we reviewed the distribution and bioactivities of MLT and conducted a comprehensive overview of the developments of pretreatment and analysis methods for MLT in food samples since 2010. Commonly used pretreatment methods for MLT include not only traditional techniques, but also novel ones, such as solid-phase extraction, QuEChERS, microextraction by packed sorbent, solid phase microextraction, liquid phase microextraction, and so on. Analysis methods include liquid chromatography coupled with different detectors, GC methods, capillary electrophoresis, sensors, and so on. The advantages and disadvantages of different techniques have been compared and the development tendency was prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021 China
| | - Zhi-Fei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Bin-Bin Wei
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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4
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Minich DM, Henning M, Darley C, Fahoum M, Schuler CB, Frame J. Is Melatonin the "Next Vitamin D"?: A Review of Emerging Science, Clinical Uses, Safety, and Dietary Supplements. Nutrients 2022; 14:3934. [PMID: 36235587 PMCID: PMC9571539 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin has become a popular dietary supplement, most known as a chronobiotic, and for establishing healthy sleep. Research over the last decade into cancer, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, fertility, PCOS, and many other conditions, combined with the COVID-19 pandemic, has led to greater awareness of melatonin because of its ability to act as a potent antioxidant, immune-active agent, and mitochondrial regulator. There are distinct similarities between melatonin and vitamin D in the depth and breadth of their impact on health. Both act as hormones, affect multiple systems through their immune-modulating, anti-inflammatory functions, are found in the skin, and are responsive to sunlight and darkness. In fact, there may be similarities between the widespread concern about vitamin D deficiency as a "sunlight deficiency" and reduced melatonin secretion as a result of "darkness deficiency" from overexposure to artificial blue light. The trend toward greater use of melatonin supplements has resulted in concern about its safety, especially higher doses, long-term use, and application in certain populations (e.g., children). This review aims to evaluate the recent data on melatonin's mechanisms, its clinical uses beyond sleep, safety concerns, and a thorough summary of therapeutic considerations concerning dietary supplementation, including the different formats available (animal, synthetic, and phytomelatonin), dosing, timing, contraindications, and nutrient combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna M. Minich
- Department of Human Nutrition and Functional Medicine, University of Western States, Portland, OR 97213, USA
| | - Melanie Henning
- Department of Sports and Performance Psychology, University of the Rockies, Denver, CO 80202, USA
| | - Catherine Darley
- College of Naturopathic Medicine, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Mona Fahoum
- School of Naturopathic Medicine, Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA 98028, USA
| | - Corey B. Schuler
- School of Nutrition, Sonoran University of Health Sciences, Tempe, AZ 85282, USA
- Department of Online Education, Northeast College of Health Sciences, Seneca Falls, NY 13148, USA
| | - James Frame
- Natural Health International Pty., Ltd., Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
- Symphony Natural Health, Inc., West Valley City, UT 84119, USA
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5
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Nandi S, Ahmed S, Saxena AK. Exploring the Role of Antioxidants to Combat Oxidative Stress in Malaria Parasites. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:2029-2044. [PMID: 35382719 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220405121643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria, a global challenge, is a parasitic disease caused by Plasmodium species. Approximately 229 million cases of malaria were reported in 2019. Major incidences occur in various continents, including African and Eastern Mediterranean Continents and South-East Asia. INTRODUCTION Despite the overall decline in global incidence from 2010 to 2018, the rate of decline has been almost constant since 2014. The morbidity and mortality have been accelerated due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by oxidative stress generated by the parasite responsible for the destruction of host metabolism and cell nutrients. METHODS The excessive release of free radicals is associated with the infection in the animal or human body by the parasites. This may be related to a reduction in nutrients required for the generation of antioxidants and the destruction of cells by parasite activity. Therefore, an intensive literature search has been carried out to find the natural antioxidants used to neutralize the free radicals generated during malarial infection. RESULTS The natural antioxidants may be useful as an adjuvant treatment along with the antimalarial chemotherapeutics to reduce the death rate and enhance the success rate of malaria treatment. CONCLUSION In this manuscript, an attempt has been made to provide significant insight into the antioxidant activities of herbal extracts against malaria parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisir Nandi
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kashipur, 244713, India
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmed
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kashipur, 244713, India
| | - Anil Kumar Saxena
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kashipur, 244713, India
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6
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Li Z, Zhang S, Xue J, Mu B, Song H, Liu Y. Exogenous Melatonin Treatment Induces Disease Resistance against Botrytis cinerea on Post-Harvest Grapes by Activating Defence Responses. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152231. [PMID: 35953999 PMCID: PMC9367934 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea seriously affects the value of post-harvest grapes. Melatonin can act as an exogenous regulator in the resistance of exogenous pathogens due to its antioxidant activity. An artificial inoculation trial was conducted to research the induced resistance mechanism of melatonin treatment using the table grape “Muscat Hamburg” (Vitis vinifera L. cv). Grapes were immersed with 0.02, 0.2, and 2 mmol/L melatonin, followed by B. cinerea suspension injections after 48 h. The results showed that the mycelial growth and spore germination of B. cinerea was not significantly inhibited by melatonin at different concentrations (0.02–2 mmol/L). However, post-harvest melatonin treatment inhibited the increase of disease incidence and severity of grey mould, induced the synthesis and accumulation of total phenols and flavonoids, reduced malondialdehyde generation, and inhibited an increase in cell membrane permeability. Meanwhile, defensive enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidize (POD), catalase (CAT), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), chitinase (CHI), and β-1,3-glucanase, were significantly increased in fruits treated with exogenous melatonin. These results suggested that exogenous melatonin treatment could activate defence responses to combat the infection of B. cinerea in post-harvest grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zezhen Li
- College of Agricultural Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (Z.L.); (J.X.); (B.M.)
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (H.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shujuan Zhang
- College of Agricultural Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (Z.L.); (J.X.); (B.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-139-3549-1091
| | - Jianxin Xue
- College of Agricultural Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (Z.L.); (J.X.); (B.M.)
| | - Bingyu Mu
- College of Agricultural Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (Z.L.); (J.X.); (B.M.)
| | - Hong Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (H.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanping Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (H.S.); (Y.L.)
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7
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Jiao J, Xia Y, Yang M, Zheng J, Liu Y, Cao Z. Differences in grape-surface yeast populations significantly influence the melatonin level of wine in spontaneous fermentation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Moser D, Hussain S, Rainer M, Jakschitz T, Bonn GK. A validated method for the rapid quantification of melatonin in over-the-counter hypnotics by the atmospheric pressure solid analysis probe (ASAP). ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:1603-1610. [PMID: 35383798 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00352j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a hormone that regulates the biological day and night cycle. It is mainly produced by the pineal gland during the night. People suffering from insomnia use it as a soporific drug. The aim of this study was to develop a method for the rapid quantification of melatonin in hypnotics. For that purpose, atmospheric pressure solid analysis probe-assisted mass spectrometry was applied, where no chromatographic separation is needed. Thereby, one single analysis takes less than 1 min. Reference measurements were performed with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Both methods were validated and real sample extracts were tested. The coefficients of determination were above 0.97 for both methods. The limits of detection and quantification were below 1 mg kg-1. Both methods gave comparable results. Moreover, the content of melatonin differed from the specified value in many samples. The highest and lowest observed deviations were 78% and 1%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Moser
- ADSI-Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbH, Innrain 66a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Shah Hussain
- ADSI-Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbH, Innrain 66a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Rainer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Thomas Jakschitz
- ADSI-Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbH, Innrain 66a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günther K Bonn
- ADSI-Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbH, Innrain 66a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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9
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Alessa H, Saber AL, Althakafy JT. Up-to-date studies regarding the determination of melatonin by chromatographic methods. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 355:e2100378. [PMID: 34842297 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is an indolic compound that has been reported in the literature to exist in human-based samples, vertebrates, vegetables, fruits, and pharmaceutical products. Melatonin is considered a dietary supplement and can regulate circadian rhythms, although it has not been classified as a drug by the US Food and Drug Administration. Several analytical methods have been used for its detection. This study aimed to summarize the recent outcomes of the chromatographic methods such as electrophoretic methods, gas chromatography, and liquid chromatography, which have been used for the determination of melatonin in the last three decades, with the focus on gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Alessa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr L Saber
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Jalal T Althakafy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Mannino G, Pernici C, Serio G, Gentile C, Bertea CM. Melatonin and Phytomelatonin: Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Metabolism, Distribution and Bioactivity in Plants and Animals-An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189996. [PMID: 34576159 PMCID: PMC8469784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a ubiquitous indolamine, largely investigated for its key role in the regulation of several physiological processes in both animals and plants. In the last century, it was reported that this molecule may be produced in high concentrations by several species belonging to the plant kingdom and stored in specialized tissues. In this review, the main information related to the chemistry of melatonin and its metabolism has been summarized. Furthermore, the biosynthetic pathway characteristics of animal and plant cells have been compared, and the main differences between the two systems highlighted. Additionally, in order to investigate the distribution of this indolamine in the plant kingdom, distribution cluster analysis was performed using a database composed by 47 previously published articles reporting the content of melatonin in different plant families, species and tissues. Finally, the potential pharmacological and biostimulant benefits derived from the administration of exogenous melatonin on animals or plants via the intake of dietary supplements or the application of biostimulant formulation have been largely discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mannino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Plant Physiology Unit, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/A, 10135 Turin, Italy; (G.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Carlo Pernici
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Plant Physiology Unit, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/A, 10135 Turin, Italy; (G.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Graziella Serio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Carla Gentile
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (C.M.B.); Tel.: +39-091-2389-7423 (C.G.); +39-011-670-6361 (C.M.B.)
| | - Cinzia M. Bertea
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Plant Physiology Unit, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/A, 10135 Turin, Italy; (G.M.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (C.M.B.); Tel.: +39-091-2389-7423 (C.G.); +39-011-670-6361 (C.M.B.)
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11
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Cheng G, Ma T, Deng Z, Gutiérrez-Gamboa G, Ge Q, Xu P, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Meng J, Reiter RJ, Fang Y, Sun X. Plant-derived melatonin from food: a gift of nature. Food Funct 2021; 12:2829-2849. [PMID: 33877242 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03213a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, people have become increasingly interested in bioactive ingredients from plants, especially antioxidant molecules such as melatonin, which are beneficial to human health. The purpose of this article is to provide new information on plant-derived foods with a high content of melatonin. We comprehensively summarize the content of melatonin in plant-derived foods and discuss the factors that influence melatonin levels to provide new ideas on enhancement. Additionally, we describe the biosynthetic pathway of melatonin and identify its major functions. Medicinal herbs are often rich in melatonin while many vegetables and fruits exhibit somewhat lower levels with wide variations among species. The genetic traits of plants, the phenological stage of the cultivar, the photoperiod, the level of stress to which the plants are exposed at the time of harvest, exposure to agrochemicals and determination methods are the main factors affecting the melatonin content. To date, standardization of uniform sampling times and the use of suitable pretreatments as well as determination methods have not been achieved. The results of the studies reviewed highlight the potentially important role of plant melatonin in influencing the progression of human diseases. Based on the health promotional aspects of melatonin, consuming foods containing higher concentrations of tryptophan and melatonin is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Cheng
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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12
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Marhuenda J, Villaño D, Arcusa R, Zafrilla P. Melatonin in Wine and Beer: Beneficial Effects. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020343. [PMID: 33440795 PMCID: PMC7827953 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a hormone secreted in the pineal gland with several functions, especially regulation of circadian sleep cycle and the biological processes related to it. This review evaluates the bioavailability of melatonin and resulting metabolites, the presence of melatonin in wine and beer and factors that influence it, and finally the different benefits related to treatment with melatonin. When administered orally, melatonin is mainly absorbed in the rectum and the ileum; it has a half-life of about 0.45–1 h and is extensively inactivated in the liver by phase 2 enzymes. Melatonin (MEL) concentration varies from picograms to ng/mL in fermented beverages such as wine and beer, depending on the fermentation process. These low quantities, within a dietary intake, are enough to reach significant plasma concentrations of melatonin, and are thus able to exert beneficial effects. Melatonin has demonstrated antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective actions. These benefits are related to its free radical scavenging properties as well and the direct interaction with melatonin receptors, which are involved in complex intracellular signaling pathways, including inhibition of angiogenesis and cell proliferation, among others. In the present review, the current evidence on the effects of melatonin on different pathophysiological conditions is also discussed.
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13
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Juhnevica-Radenkova K, Moreno DA, Ikase L, Drudze I, Radenkovs V. Naturally occurring melatonin: Sources and possible ways of its biosynthesis. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:4008-4030. [PMID: 33337029 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
According to recent reports, the global market for melatonin is worth 700 million USD in 2018 and would reach 2,790 million USD by 2025, growing at a CAGR of 18.9% during 2019 to 2025. Having regard to the prevalence of sleep and circadian rhythm disorders and a clear tendency to increase the demand for melatonin, and the current lack of alternative green and cost-efficient technologies of its synthesis, the supply of this remedy will not be enough to guarantee melatonin supply and affordability on a global scale. The emergence of naturally occurring melatonin and its isomers in fermented foods has opened an exciting new research area; there are still, however, some obscure points in the efficient microbiological biosynthesis of melatonin. This review summarizes the research progress and recent evidence related to melatonin and its isomers in various foodstuffs. Additionally, one possible way to synthesize melatonin is also discussed. The evidence pointed out that the presence of melatonin and its isomers is not exclusive for grapes and grape-derived products, because it can be also found in sweet and sour cherries. However, different species of both Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeasts could be used to obtain melatonin and melatonin isomers in the process of alcoholic fermentation biotechnologically. The availability of L-tryptophan has been a key factor in determining the concentration of indolic compounds produced, and the utilization of probiotic lactic acid bacteria could help in the formation of melatonin isomers during malolactic fermentation. These approaches are environmentally friendly alternatives with a safer profile than conventional ones and could represent the future for sustainable industrial-scale melatonin production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego A Moreno
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Lab, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
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14
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Fernández-Cruz E, Carrasco-Galán F, Cerezo-López AB, Valero E, Morcillo-Parra MÁ, Beltran G, Torija MJ, Troncoso AM, García-Parrilla MC. Occurrence of melatonin and indolic compounds derived from l-tryptophan yeast metabolism in fermented wort and commercial beers. Food Chem 2020; 331:127192. [PMID: 32569963 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin and serotonin are bioactive compounds present in foods and beverages and related to neuroprotection and anti-angiogenesis, among other activities. They have been described in wines and the role of yeast in their formation is clear. Thus, this study evaluates the content of these bioactives and other related indolic compounds in beer. For this purpose, commercial beers were analyzed by a validated UHPLC-HRMS method and sample treatment optimized due to the low concentrations expected. Moreover, a wort was fermented with different commercial beer yeast (Abbaye, Diamond, SafAle, SafLager) in order to monitor the formation of these bioactives during the elaboration process. Results show that indolic compounds such as N-acetylserotonin and 3-indoleacetic acid are produced during the alcoholic fermentation of wort. Moreover, the occurrence of four indolic compounds (5-hydroxytryptophan, N-acetylserotonin, 3-indoleacetic acid, l-tryptophan ethyl ester) in commercial beers is reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Fernández-Cruz
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Fernando Carrasco-Galán
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana B Cerezo-López
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eva Valero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. Utrera, Km 1, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Morcillo-Parra
- Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d'Enologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo 1, Campus, Sescelades 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Gemma Beltran
- Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d'Enologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo 1, Campus, Sescelades 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - María-Jesús Torija
- Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d'Enologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo 1, Campus, Sescelades 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ana M Troncoso
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - M Carmen García-Parrilla
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
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15
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Barreiro Astray S, Barbosa-Pereira L, Lage-Yusty MA, López-Hernández J. Comparison of Analytical Methods for the Rapid Determination of Melatonin in Food Supplements. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01912-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Albu C, Radu LE, Radu GL. Assessment of Melatonin and Its Precursors Content by a HPLC-MS/MS Method from Different Romanian Wines. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:27254-27260. [PMID: 33134687 PMCID: PMC7594137 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Because melatonin has strong antioxidant activity and wine is an alcoholic beverage of economic relevance, in the present work, the impact of some variable parameters that may occur in the winemaking process on the concentrations of melatonin and its precursors in Romanian wines was studied. Therefore, a sensitive and selective high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of melatonin, serotonin, and l-tryptophan, and some method performance parameters including selectivity, detection limit, precision (by comparing with an alternative HPLC-FL method), accuracy, and robustness were validated. These determinations are significant and the final amounts of analytes are dependent on the microorganisms involved in the winemaking process, the grape variety, geographic regions of vineyards, and aging of wines. In the future, the method may be useful to increase the melatonin content and the antioxidant activity in wines by improved steps in the winemaking process, especially based on application of selected yeasts and improved fermentation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Albu
- Centre of Bioanalysis,
National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences—Bucharest, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
- . Phone/Fax: +(40)212.200.900
| | - Letitia Elena Radu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Bulevard, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriel-Lucian Radu
- Centre of Bioanalysis,
National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences—Bucharest, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
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17
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Que Z, Ma T, Shang Y, Ge Q, Zhang Q, Xu P, Zhang J, Francoise U, Liu X, Sun X. Microorganisms: Producers of Melatonin in Fermented Foods and Beverages. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:4799-4811. [PMID: 32248679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin has recently been detected in fermented beverages and foods, in which microorganism metabolism is highly important. The existing literature knowledge discusses the direction for future studies in this review. Evidence shows that many species of microorganisms could synthesize melatonin. However, the actual concentrations of melatonin in fermented foods and beverages range from picograms per milliliter to nanograms per milliliter. Different types of microorganisms, different raw materials, different culture environments, the presence or absence of precursors, high or low alcohol content, and different detection methods are all possible reasons for the huge difference of melatonin levels. Thus far, there have been relatively few studies on the melatonin synthesis pathway microorganisms. Thus, referring to the synthetic pathway of plants and animals, the putative melatonin biosynthesis pathway of microorganisms is presented. It will be significant to discuss whether all species of microorganisms have the capacity to synthesize melatonin and what the biological functions of melatonin are in microorganisms. Melatonin plays a lot of important roles in microorganisms, particularly in enhancing the tolerance of environment stress. Also, the loss of melatonin concentration in commercially available fermented foods and beverages is a ubiquitous trend, and how to solve this problem is a new field to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiluo Que
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Heyang Viti-viniculture Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Ma
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Heyang Viti-viniculture Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Shang
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Heyang Viti-viniculture Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Ge
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Heyang Viti-viniculture Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
- Quality Standards and Testing Institute of Agricultural Technology, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianwen Zhang
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Pingkang Xu
- College of Science, Department of Chemistry, Food Science and Technology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Junxiang Zhang
- School of Wine, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, People's Republic of China
| | - Uwamahoro Francoise
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Heyang Viti-viniculture Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Liu
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Heyang Viti-viniculture Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Sun
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Heyang Viti-viniculture Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
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18
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Production of melatonin and other tryptophan derivatives by Oenococcus oeni under winery and laboratory scale. Food Microbiol 2020; 86:103265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.103265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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19
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Morcillo-Parra MÁ, Valera MJ, Beltran G, Mas A, Torija MJ. Glycolytic Proteins Interact With Intracellular Melatonin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2424. [PMID: 31708896 PMCID: PMC6821644 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a bioactive compound that is present in fermented beverages and synthesized by yeast during alcoholic fermentation. Many studies have shown that melatonin interacts with some mammalian proteins, such as sirtuins or orphan receptor family proteins. The aim of this study was to determine the intracellular synthesis profile of melatonin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and to identify the proteins that may interact with this molecule in yeast cells. Melatonin from fermentation samples was analyzed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and proteins bound to melatonin were immunopurified by melatonin-IgG-Dynabeads. Melatonin was produced intracellularly in the lag phase of yeast growth and was exported to the extracellular media during the stationary phase. During this period, melatonin was bound to six proteins with molecular weights from 55 to 35 kDa. Sequence analysis showed that most proteins shared high levels of homology with glycolytic enzymes. An RNA-binding protein was also identified, the elongation alpha factor, which is related to mitochondria. This study reports for the first time the interaction of melatonin and proteins inside yeast cells. These results highlight the possible role of melatonin as a signal molecule and provide a new perspective for understanding its role in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María José Valera
- Department de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultad d'Enologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Gemma Beltran
- Department de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultad d'Enologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Albert Mas
- Department de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultad d'Enologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - María-Jesús Torija
- Department de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultad d'Enologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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20
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Salehi B, Sharopov F, Fokou PVT, Kobylinska A, Jonge LD, Tadio K, Sharifi-Rad J, Posmyk MM, Martorell M, Martins N, Iriti M. Melatonin in Medicinal and Food Plants: Occurrence, Bioavailability, and Health Potential for Humans. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070681. [PMID: 31284489 PMCID: PMC6678868 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a widespread molecule among living organisms involved in multiple biological, hormonal, and physiological processes at cellular, tissue, and organic levels. It is well-known for its ability to cross the blood–brain barrier, and renowned antioxidant effects, acting as a free radical scavenger, up-regulating antioxidant enzymes, reducing mitochondrial electron leakage, and interfering with proinflammatory signaling pathways. Detected in various medicinal and food plants, its concentration is widely variable. Plant generative organs (e.g., flowers, fruits), and especially seeds, have been proposed as having the highest melatonin concentrations, markedly higher than those found in vertebrate tissues. In addition, seeds are also rich in other substances (lipids, sugars, and proteins), constituting the energetic reserve for a potentially growing seedling and beneficial for the human diet. Thus, given that dietary melatonin is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and transported into the bloodstream, the ingestion of medicinal and plant foods by mammals as a source of melatonin may be conceived as a key step in serum melatonin modulation and, consequently, health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 44340847, Iran
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, 73400 Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | | | - Agnieszka Kobylinska
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Lilian de Jonge
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Kathryn Tadio
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Zabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 61615-585, Iran.
| | - Malgorzata M Posmyk
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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21
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Nabavi SM, Nabavi SF, Sureda A, Xiao J, Dehpour AR, Shirooie S, Silva AS, Baldi A, Khan H, Daglia M. Anti-inflammatory effects of Melatonin: A mechanistic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 59:S4-S16. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1487927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Grup de Nutrici_o Comunit_aria i Estr_es Oxidatiu and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de E-07122 Mallorca, Spain
| | - Janbo Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Shirooie
- School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal; Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), ICETA, University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Alessandra Baldi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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22
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Assessment of Tryptophan, Tryptophan Ethylester, and Melatonin Derivatives in Red Wine by SPE-HPLC-FL and SPE-HPLC-MS Methods. Foods 2019; 8:foods8030099. [PMID: 30875821 PMCID: PMC6463071 DOI: 10.3390/foods8030099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL) is an indoleamine produced mainly by the pineal gland in vertebrates. It plays a significant role in the regulation of circadian rhythms, mitigation of sleeping disorders, and jet lag. This compound is synthetized from tryptophan (TRP) and it has been found in seeds, fruits, and fermented beverages, including wine. Wine is also a source of other tryptophan derivatives, the tryptophan ethylester (TEE) and MEL isomers (MISs), for which the biological properties need to be elucidated. An analytical method for the simultaneous quantification of TRP, TEE, and MEL was developed by a Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) of a preconcentration of wine followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis either with fluorescence or mass spectrometer detectors. The analytical method showed a relative standard deviation (RSD) lower than 8%, except for TRP (RSD 10.5% in wine). The recovery was higher than 76%. The versatility of SPE preconcentrations allowed for the adequate preconcentration of wine sample as well as detection of low concentrations, an important aspect especially for MEL (detection limit 0.0023 µg/L). The proposed method proved to be suitable for assessing the investigated compounds in some red wine samples, where 74.4⁻256.2 µg/L and 0.038⁻0.063 µg/L of TEE and MEL were detected, respectively. Five MISs were also found in wine samples in concentrations up to 1.97 µg/L.
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23
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Debnath B, Islam W, Li M, Sun Y, Lu X, Mitra S, Hussain M, Liu S, Qiu D. Melatonin Mediates Enhancement of Stress Tolerance in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1040. [PMID: 30818835 PMCID: PMC6429401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a multifunctional signaling molecule, ubiquitously distributed in different parts of plants and responsible for stimulating several physiological responses to adverse environmental conditions. In the current review, we showed that the biosynthesis of melatonin occurred in plants by themselves, and accumulation of melatonin fluctuated sharply by modulating its biosynthesis and metabolic pathways under stress conditions. Melatonin, with its precursors and derivatives, acted as a powerful growth regulator, bio-stimulator, and antioxidant, which delayed leaf senescence, lessened photosynthesis inhibition, and improved redox homeostasis and the antioxidant system through a direct scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) under abiotic and biotic stress conditions. In addition, exogenous melatonin boosted the growth, photosynthetic, and antioxidant activities in plants, confirming their tolerances against drought, unfavorable temperatures, salinity, heavy metals, acid rain, and pathogens. However, future research, together with recent advancements, would support emerging new approaches to adopt strategies in overcoming the effect of hazardous environments on crops and may have potential implications in expanding crop cultivation against harsh conditions. Thus, farming communities and consumers will benefit from elucidating food safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswojit Debnath
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
- Department of Horticulture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh.
| | - Waqar Islam
- College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China.
| | - Min Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Yueting Sun
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Xiaocao Lu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Sangeeta Mitra
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Mubasher Hussain
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Shuang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Dongliang Qiu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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24
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Fracassetti D, Vigentini I, Faro A, Foschino R, Tirelli A, Orioli M, Iriti M. Il contributo dei batteri lattici per la presenza di melatonina nel vino rosso. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20191204006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
La melatonina (MEL) è un'indolammina implicata nella regolazione dei cicli circadiani e che possiede attività antiossidante. La presenza di MEL è stata dimostrata nelle piante e negli alimenti con particolare attenzione agli alimenti e bevande fermentati, tra cui il vino. L'uva è una fonte di MEL e nel vino l'attività metabolica del lievito svolge un ruolo cruciale per la produzione di MEL. È stato recentemente suggerito che anche i batteri lattici (LAB) posseggano tale abilità. In questo studio è stata indagata la sintesi di MEL da parte dei LAB in condizioni enologiche e di laboratorio. Sono stati analizzati 8 vini rossi prodotti su scala industriale in 4 cantine. Inoltre, 11 ceppi di LAB sono stati inoculati in terreno sintetico simil-vino. Dai risultati ottenuti è emerso che nei vini prodotti in due delle quattro cantine è stato osservato un aumento di MEL al termine della fermentazione malolattica. Tutti i ceppi oggetto dello studio hanno prodotto MEL in condizioni di laboratorio in quantità variabile a seconda del ceppo. I risultati mettono in evidenza per la prima volta che i LAB sono capaci di rilasciare MEL sia in condizioni di laboratorio che nel vino prodotto industrialmente. The contribution of lactic bacteria on melatonin in red wine
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25
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Xu T, Chen Y, Kang H. Melatonin Is a Potential Target for Improving Post-Harvest Preservation of Fruits and Vegetables. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1388. [PMID: 31737014 PMCID: PMC6831725 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a ubiquitous molecule distributed in nature and not only plays an important role in animals and humans but also has extensive functions in plants, such as delaying senescence, exerting antioxidant effects, regulating growth and development, and facilitating plant adaption to stress conditions. Endogenous melatonin is widespread in fruits and vegetables and plays prominent roles in the ripening and post-harvest process of fruits and vegetables. Exogenous application of melatonin removes excess reactive oxygen species from post-harvest fruits and vegetables by increasing antioxidant enzymes, non-enzymatic antioxidants, and enzymes related to oxidized protein repair. Moreover, exogenous application of melatonin can increase endogenous melatonin to augment its effects on various physiological processes. Many previous reports have demonstrated that application of exogenous melatonin improves the post-harvest preservation of fruits and vegetables. Although overproduction of melatonin in plants via transgenic approaches could be a potential means for improving the post-harvest preservation of fruits and vegetables, efforts to increase endogenous melatonin in plants are limited. In this review, we summarize the recent progress revealing the role and action mechanisms of melatonin in post-harvest fruits and vegetables and provide future directions for the utilization of melatonin to improve the post-harvest preservation of fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Key Lab of Phylogeny and Comparative Genomics of the Jiangsu Province, Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Tao Xu, ; Hunseung Kang,
| | - Yao Chen
- Key Lab of Phylogeny and Comparative Genomics of the Jiangsu Province, Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hunseung Kang
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Tao Xu, ; Hunseung Kang,
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26
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Bojková B, Kubatka P, Qaradakhi T, Zulli A, Kajo K. Melatonin May Increase Anticancer Potential of Pleiotropic Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3910. [PMID: 30563247 PMCID: PMC6320927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is not only a pineal hormone, but also an ubiquitary molecule present in plants and part of our diet. Numerous preclinical and some clinical reports pointed to its multiple beneficial effects including oncostatic properties, and as such, it has become one of the most aspiring goals in cancer prevention/therapy. A link between cancer and inflammation and/or metabolic disorders has been well established and the therapy of these conditions with so-called pleiotropic drugs, which include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, statins and peroral antidiabetics, modulates a cancer risk too. Adjuvant therapy with melatonin may improve the oncostatic potential of these drugs. Results from preclinical studies are limited though support this hypothesis, which, however, remains to be verified by further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianka Bojková
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárová 2, 041 54 Košice, Slovak Republic.
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovak Republic.
- Department of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4C, 036 01 Martin, Slovak Republic.
| | - Tawar Qaradakhi
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia.
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia.
| | - Karol Kajo
- St. Elisabeth Oncology Institute, Heydukova 10, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
- Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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27
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Effect of Red Wine Intake on Serum and Salivary Melatonin Levels: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102474. [PMID: 30261680 PMCID: PMC6222864 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) is a recently discovered phytochemical in wine, but its influence on physiological MLT levels is still unknown. This study aimed at evaluating variations, in serum and saliva, of MLT concentrations after the intake of MLT-enriched red wine. Twelve healthy volunteers were recruited to receive 125 mL of red wine naturally lacking of MLT (placebo, PLC), or the same wine enriched with MLT (MLT+). A physiological steady decline of serum MLT was observed from baseline up to 90 min, for both wines. After PLC intake, the decrease was significantly faster than the one occurring after MLT+ wine, which thus delayed the drop down of serum MLT with a plateau at 30⁻60 min. Salivary MLT levels slightly peaked at 45 min after MLT+ wine intake, without statistical significance. Therefore, the intake of a glass of MLT-enriched red wine changed serum levels of the indoleamine, supporting the role of wine MLT in counteracting the physiological decline of the hormone into the bloodstream.
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Arnao MB, Hernández-Ruiz J. Phytomelatonin, natural melatonin from plants as a novel dietary supplement: Sources, activities and world market. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Bonomini F, Borsani E, Favero G, Rodella LF, Rezzani R. Dietary Melatonin Supplementation Could Be a Promising Preventing/Therapeutic Approach for a Variety of Liver Diseases. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091135. [PMID: 30134592 PMCID: PMC6164189 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the therapeutic strategies, the role of diet is a well-established factor that can also have an important role in liver diseases. Melatonin, identified in animals, has many antioxidant properties and it was after discovered also in plants, named phytomelatonin. These substances have a positive effect during aging and in pathological conditions too. In particular, it is important to underline that the amount of melatonin produced by pineal gland in human decreases during lifetime and its reduction in blood could be related to pathological conditions in which mitochondria and oxidative stress play a pivotal role. Moreover, it has been indicated that melatonin/phytomelatonin containing foods may provide dietary melatonin, so their ingestion through balanced diets could be sufficient to confer health benefits. In this review, the classification of liver diseases and an overview of the most important aspects of melatonin/phytomelatonin, concerning the differences among their synthesis, their presence in foods and their role in health and diseases, are summarized. The findings suggest that melatonin/phytomelatonin supplementation with diet should be considered important in preventing different disease settings, in particular in liver. Currently, more studies are needed to strengthen the potential beneficial effects of melatonin/phytomelatonin in liver diseases and to better clarify the molecular mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bonomini
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)", University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Elisa Borsani
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)", University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Gaia Favero
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Luigi F Rodella
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)", University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Rita Rezzani
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)", University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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Qin J, Zheng J, Fang X, Yan G. Detection of resveratrol by phosphorescence quantum dots without conjunction and mutual impact exploration. RSC Adv 2018; 8:25997-26003. [PMID: 35541978 PMCID: PMC9082889 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02630k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a convenient and sensitive method for the detection of resveratrol was established based on phosphorescence quenching of resveratrol for MPA-capped Mn:ZnS QDs. The quenching intensity was in proportion to the concentration of resveratrol within a certain range. Under optimal conditions, the present assay was valid for detecting resveratrol in the range from 0.03 μM to 14 μM with a detection limit of 0.01 μM. The mechanism of action was also explored, and its application in actual samples was also demonstrated with satisfactory results. This study aims to provide a convenient method for the detection of resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Qin
- Shanxi Normal University Linfen 041004 PR China +(86)0357-2051249
| | - Ji Zheng
- Shanxi Normal University Linfen 041004 PR China +(86)0357-2051249
| | - Xiaoxing Fang
- Shanxi Normal University Linfen 041004 PR China +(86)0357-2051249
| | - Guiqin Yan
- Shanxi Normal University Linfen 041004 PR China +(86)0357-2051249
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31
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Fan J, Xie Y, Zhang Z, Chen L. Melatonin: A Multifunctional Factor in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1528. [PMID: 29883400 PMCID: PMC5983796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxy-tryptamine) is a universal molecule that is present in animals and plants. It has been detected in different kinds of plants and organs in different levels. Melatonin in plants shares the same initial biosynthesis compound with auxin, and therefore functions as indole-3-acetic acid like hormones. Moreover, melatonin is involved in regulating plant growth and development, protecting plants against biotic and abiotic stresses, such as salt, drought, cold, heat and heavy metal stresses. Melatonin improves the stress tolerance of plants via a direct pathway, which scavenges reactive oxygen species directly, and indirect pathways, such as increasing antioxidate enzymes activity, photosynthetic efficiency and metabolites content. In addition, melatonin plays a role in regulating gene expression, and hence affects performance of plants. In this review, the biosynthesis pathway, growth and development regulation, and the environment stress response of melatonin in plants are summarized and future research directions and priorities of melatonin in plants are speculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibiao Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Yan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Zaichao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Chemistry of Low-Dimensional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Song M, Park WS, Yoo J, Ham JS. The Potential of Melatonin for the Application in Dairy Products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.22424/jmsb.2018.36.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Alam MN, Zhang L, Yang L, Islam MR, Liu Y, Luo H, Yang P, Wang Q, Chan Z. Transcriptomic profiling of tall fescue in response to heat stress and improved thermotolerance by melatonin and 24-epibrassinolide. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:224. [PMID: 29587632 PMCID: PMC5870388 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tall fescue is a widely used cool season turfgrass and relatively sensitive to high temperature. Chemical compounds like melatonin (MT) and 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) have been reported to improve plant heat stress tolerance effectively. Results In this study, we reported that MT and EBL pretreated tall fescue seedlings showed decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS), electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehide (MDA), but increased chlorophyll (Chl), total protein and antioxidant enzyme activities under heat stress condition, resulting in improved plant growth. Transcriptomic profiling analysis showed that 4311 and 8395 unigenes were significantly changed after 2 h and 12 h of heat treatments, respectively. Among them, genes involved in heat stress responses, DNA, RNA and protein degradation, redox, energy metabolisms, and hormone metabolism pathways were highly induced after heat stress. Genes including FaHSFA3, FaAWPM and FaCYTC2 were significantly upregulated by both MT and EBL treatments, indicating that these genes might function as the putative target genes of MT and EBL. Conclusions These findings indicated that heat stress caused extensively transcriptomic reprogramming of tall fescue and exogenous application of MT and EBL effectively improved thermotolerance in tall fescue. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4588-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nur Alam
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden/Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China.,Agronomy Division, Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Studies and College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden/Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden/Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Poultry and Veterinarian, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, Hubei, 430209, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, USA
| | - Pingfang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden/Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Qingfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden/Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
| | - Zhulong Chan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables of Hubei Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei, 432000, China.
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The Potential of Phytomelatonin as a Nutraceutical. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010238. [PMID: 29361780 PMCID: PMC6017233 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytomelatonin (plant melatonin) is chemically related to the amino acid tryptophan and has many diverse properties. Phytomelatonin is an interesting compound due to its outstanding actions at the cellular and physiological level, especially its protective effect in plants exposed to diverse stress situations, while its vegetable origin offers many opportunities because it is a natural compound. We present an overview of its origin, its action in plants in general (particularly in plant species with high levels of phytomelatonin), and its possibilities for use as a nutraceutical with particular attention paid to the beneficial effects that it may have in human health. The differences between synthetic melatonin and phytomelatonin, according to its origin and purity, are presented. Finally, the current market for phytomelatonin and its limits and potentials are discussed.
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35
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Adam V, Vaculovicova M. CE and nanomaterials - Part II: Nanomaterials in CE. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2405-2430. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Vaculovicova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
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36
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Hemasa AL, Naumovski N, Maher WA, Ghanem A. Application of Carbon Nanotubes in Chiral and Achiral Separations of Pharmaceuticals, Biologics and Chemicals. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7070186. [PMID: 28718832 PMCID: PMC5535252 DOI: 10.3390/nano7070186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess unique mechanical, physical, electrical and absorbability properties coupled with their nanometer dimensional scale that renders them extremely valuable for applications in many fields including nanotechnology and chromatographic separation. The aim of this review is to provide an updated overview about the applications of CNTs in chiral and achiral separations of pharmaceuticals, biologics and chemicals. Chiral single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been directly applied for the enantioseparation of pharmaceuticals and biologicals by using them as stationary or pseudostationary phases in chromatographic separation techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE) and gas chromatography (GC). Achiral MWCNTs have been used for achiral separations as efficient sorbent objects in solid-phase extraction techniques of biochemicals and drugs. Achiral SWCNTs have been applied in achiral separation of biological samples. Achiral SWCNTs and MWCNTs have been also successfully used to separate achiral mixtures of pharmaceuticals and chemicals. Collectively, functionalized CNTs have been indirectly applied in separation science by enhancing the enantioseparation of different chiral selectors whereas non-functionalized CNTs have shown efficient capabilities for chiral separations by using techniques such as encapsulation or immobilization in polymer monolithic columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman L Hemasa
- Chirality Program, Biomedical Science, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory (ACT) 2617, Australia.
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers Group (CRIBB), University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory (ACT) 2617, Australia.
| | - William A Maher
- Ecochemistry Laboratory, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory (ACT) 2617, Australia.
| | - Ashraf Ghanem
- Chirality Program, Biomedical Science, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory (ACT) 2617, Australia.
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37
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Vázquez J, González B, Sempere V, Mas A, Torija MJ, Beltran G. Melatonin Reduces Oxidative Stress Damage Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1066. [PMID: 28663741 PMCID: PMC5471302 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), which is synthesized from tryptophan, is formed during alcoholic fermentation, though its role in yeast is unknown. This study employed Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an eukaryote model to evaluate the possible effects of melatonin supplementation on endogenous cellular defense systems by measuring its effects on various cellular targets. Cell viability, intracellular reduced and oxidized glutathione levels (GSH and GSSG, respectively), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and expression of genes related to antioxidant defense in yeast, such as the glutathione system, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutaredoxin, and thioredoxin, were assessed. Melatonin alone decreased GSH, increased GSSG, and activated antioxidant defense system genes, which reached maximum levels in the stationary phase. These results indicate that melatonin supplementation enables cells to resist better the stress generated in the stationary phase. However, when cells were subjected to oxidative stress induced by H2O2, melatonin was able to partially mitigate cell damage by decreasing ROS accumulation and GSH and increasing GSSG; this was followed by enhanced cell viability after stress exposure, mostly when occurring in the early stationary phase. Additionally, under such conditions, most genes related to endogenous antioxidant defense continued to be up-regulated with melatonin supplementation. The findings demonstrate that melatonin can act as antioxidant in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Vázquez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d'Enologia, Universitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona, Spain
| | - Beatriz González
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d'Enologia, Universitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona, Spain
| | - Verónica Sempere
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d'Enologia, Universitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona, Spain
| | - Albert Mas
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d'Enologia, Universitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona, Spain
| | - María Jesús Torija
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d'Enologia, Universitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona, Spain
| | - Gemma Beltran
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d'Enologia, Universitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona, Spain
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Antoniou C, Chatzimichail G, Xenofontos R, Pavlou JJ, Panagiotou E, Christou A, Fotopoulos V. Melatonin systemically ameliorates drought stress-induced damage in Medicago sativa plants by modulating nitro-oxidative homeostasis and proline metabolism. J Pineal Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 28226194 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports have uncovered the multifunctional role of melatonin in plant physiological responses under optimal and suboptimal environmental conditions. In this study, we explored whether melatonin pretreatment could provoke priming effects in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants subsequently exposed to prolonged drought stress (7 days), by withholding watering. Results revealed that the rhizospheric application of melatonin (10 μmol L-1 ) remarkably enhanced the drought tolerance of alfalfa plants, as evidenced by the observed plant tolerant phenotype, as well as by the higher levels of chlorophyll fluorescence and stomatal conductance, compared with nontreated drought-stressed plants. In addition, lower levels of lipid peroxidation (MDA content) as well as of both H2 O2 and NO contents in primed compared with nonprimed stressed plants suggest that melatonin pretreatment resulted in the systemic mitigation of drought-induced nitro-oxidative stress. Nitro-oxidative homeostasis was achieved by melatonin through the regulation of reactive oxygen (SOD, GR, CAT, APX) and nitrogen species (NR, NADHde) metabolic enzymes at the enzymatic and/or transcript level. Moreover, melatonin pretreatment resulted in the limitation of cellular redox disruption through the regulation of the mRNA levels of antioxidant and redox-related components (ADH, AOX, GST7, GST17), as well via osmoprotection through the regulation of proline homeostasis, at both the enzymatic (P5CS) and gene expression level (P5CS, P5CR). Overall, novel results highlight the importance of melatonin as a promising priming agent for the enhancement of plant tolerance to drought conditions through the regulation of nitro-oxidative and osmoprotective homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrystalla Antoniou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Giannis Chatzimichail
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Rafaella Xenofontos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Jan J Pavlou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Evangelia Panagiotou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Anastasis Christou
- Agricultural Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Natural Recourses, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
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Meng X, Li Y, Li S, Zhou Y, Gan RY, Xu DP, Li HB. Dietary Sources and Bioactivities of Melatonin. Nutrients 2017; 9:E367. [PMID: 28387721 PMCID: PMC5409706 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insomnia is a serious worldwide health threat, affecting nearly one third of the general population. Melatonin has been reported to improve sleep efficiency and it was found that eating melatonin-rich foods could assist sleep. During the last decades, melatonin has been widely identified and qualified in various foods from fungi to animals and plants. Eggs and fish are higher melatonin-containing food groups in animal foods, whereas in plant foods, nuts are with the highest content of melatonin. Some kinds of mushrooms, cereals and germinated legumes or seeds are also good dietary sources of melatonin. It has been proved that the melatonin concentration in human serum could significantly increase after the consumption of melatonin containing food. Furthermore, studies show that melatonin exhibits many bioactivities, such as antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory characteristics, boosting immunity, anticancer activity, cardiovascular protection, anti-diabetic, anti-obese, neuroprotective and anti-aging activity. This review summaries the dietary sources and bioactivities of melatonin, with special attention paid to the mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ya Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Yue Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ren-You Gan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Dong-Ping Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
- South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Meng JF, Shi TC, Song S, Zhang ZW, Fang YL. Melatonin in grapes and grape-related foodstuffs: A review. Food Chem 2017; 231:185-191. [PMID: 28449995 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A decade has passed since melatonin was first reported in grapes in 2006. During this time, melatonin has not only been found in the berries of most wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars, but also in most grape-related foodstuffs, e.g. wine, grape juice and grape vinegar. In this review, we discuss the melatonin content in grapes and grape-related foodstuffs (especially wine) from previous studies, the physiological function of melatonin in grapes, and the factors contributing to the production of melatonin in grapes and wines. In addition, we identify future research needed to clarify the mechanisms of grape melatonin biosynthesis and regulation, and establish more accurate analysis methods for melatonin in grapes and wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Fei Meng
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tian-Ci Shi
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shuo Song
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518005, China
| | - Zhen-Wen Zhang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Yu-Lin Fang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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41
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D'Orazio G, Asensio-Ramos M, Fanali C, Hernández-Borges J, Fanali S. Capillary electrochromatography in food analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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42
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Tudela R, Ribas-Agustí A, Buxaderas S, Riu-Aumatell M, Castellari M, López-Tamames E. Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC)-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS) Quantification of Nine Target Indoles in Sparkling Wines. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:4772-6. [PMID: 27148823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
An ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of nine target indoles in sparkling wines. The proposed method requires minimal sample pretreatment, and its performance parameters (accuracy, repeatability, LOD, and matrix effect) indicate that it is suitable for routine analysis. Four indoles were found at detectable levels in commercial Cava samples: 5-methoxytryptophol (5MTL), tryptophan (TRP), tryptophan ethyl ester (TEE), and N-acetylserotonin (NSER). Two of them, NSER and 5MTL, are reported here for the first time in sparkling wines, with values of 0.3-2 and 0.29-29.2 μg/L, respectively. In the same samples, the contents of melatonin (MEL), serotonin (SER), 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-OHTRP), 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5OHIA), and 5-methoxy-3-indoleacetic acid (5MIA) were all below the corresponding limits of detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Tudela
- Departament de Nutrició i Bromatologia, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia dels Aliments (XaRTA), Institut de recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), Universitat de Barcelona , Campus de l'Alimentació de Torribera, Avinguda Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | | | - Susana Buxaderas
- Departament de Nutrició i Bromatologia, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia dels Aliments (XaRTA), Institut de recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), Universitat de Barcelona , Campus de l'Alimentació de Torribera, Avinguda Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Montserrat Riu-Aumatell
- Departament de Nutrició i Bromatologia, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia dels Aliments (XaRTA), Institut de recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), Universitat de Barcelona , Campus de l'Alimentació de Torribera, Avinguda Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | | | - Elvira López-Tamames
- Departament de Nutrició i Bromatologia, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia dels Aliments (XaRTA), Institut de recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), Universitat de Barcelona , Campus de l'Alimentació de Torribera, Avinguda Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
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Validation of an Analytical Method to Determine Melatonin and Compounds Related to l-Tryptophan Metabolism Using UHPLC/HRMS. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hornedo-Ortega R, Cerezo AB, Troncoso AM, Garcia-Parrilla MC, Mas A. Melatonin and Other Tryptophan Metabolites Produced by Yeasts: Implications in Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Microbiol 2016; 6:1565. [PMID: 26834716 PMCID: PMC4718080 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeast metabolism produces compounds derived from tryptophan, which are found in fermented beverages, such as wine and beer. In particular, melatonin and serotonin, may be relevant due to their bioactivity in humans. Indeed, the former is a neurohormone related to circadian rhythms, which also has a putative protective effect against degenerative diseases. Moreover, serotonin is a neurotransmitter itself, in addition to being a precursor of melatonin synthesis. This paper summarizes data reported on fermented beverages, to evaluate dietary intake. Additionally, the article reviews observed effects of yeast amino acid metabolites on the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s) and angiogenesis, focusing on evidence of the molecular mechanism involved and identification of molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana B Cerezo
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana M Troncoso
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Albert Mas
- Facultad de Enología, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Tarragona, Spain
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Iriti M, Varoni EM. The good health of Bacchus: Melatonin in grapes, the unveiled myth. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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Solid phase extraction/cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography for the analysis of melatonin and related indole compounds in plants. Microchem J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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47
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Iriti M, Varoni EM. Melatonin in Mediterranean diet, a new perspective. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:2355-9. [PMID: 25501293 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The health-promoting properties of the Mediterranean diet have been attributed, at least in part, to the chemical diversity of plant foods. Among phytochemicals, polyphenols represent the paradigm of the relationship between healthy foods and reduced risk of chronic-degenerative diseases, although, in the past few years, a new element has enriched this scenario. Melatonin, and possibly other indoleamines recently discovered in some relevant Mediterranean foods, may represent a new factor contributing to the elucidation of the protective effects of diets rich in plant products. Therefore, in synergy with polyphenols and other bioactive phytochemicals (e.g. carotenoids and glucosinolates), melatonin may contribute to maximizing the benefits of healthy dietary styles. This brief survey deals with the occurrence of melatonin in the Mediterranean diet, with an emphasis on grape products, and focuses on the biological significance of dietary melatonin, an emerging and exciting topic in the field of nutritional sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Maria Varoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Milan State University, Milan, Italy
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Vigentini I, Gardana C, Fracassetti D, Gabrielli M, Foschino R, Simonetti P, Tirelli A, Iriti M. Yeast contribution to melatonin, melatonin isomers and tryptophan ethyl ester during alcoholic fermentation of grape musts. J Pineal Res 2015; 58:388-96. [PMID: 25726850 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL) has been found in some medicinal and food plants, including grapevine, a commodity of particular interest for the production of wine, a beverage of economic relevance. It has also been suggested that MEL in wine may, at least in part, contribute to the health-promoting properties attributed to this beverage and, possibly, to other traditional Mediterranean foodstuffs. After a preliminary screening of 9 yeast strains in laboratory medium, three selected strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae EC1118, Torulaspora delbrueckii CBS1146(T) and Zygosaccharomyces bailii ATCC36947(T) ) were inoculated in experimental musts obtained from 2 white (Moscato and Chardonnay) and 2 red (Croatina and Merlot) grape varieties. The production of MEL, melatonin isomers (MIs) and tryptophan ethyl ester (TEE) was monitored during the alcoholic fermentation. The screening showed that the three investigated strains produced the highest concentrations of MEL and two MIs in optimal growth conditions. However, MEL and MIs were not produced in oenological conditions, but the three strains synthesized high concentrations of a new MI and TEE in musts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Vigentini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Iriti M, Vigentini I. Tryptophan-ethylester, the false (unveiled) melatonin isomer in red wine. Int J Tryptophan Res 2015; 8:27-9. [PMID: 25922582 PMCID: PMC4381840 DOI: 10.4137/ijtr.s22450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the food plants, the presence of melatonin in grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) deserves particular attention because of the production of wine, an alcoholic beverage of economic relevance and with putative healthy effects. Furthermore, melatonin isomers have been detected in wine too. Recently, one of these isomers has been identified as tryptophan-ethylester, a compound with the same molecular weight of melatonin. In this Commentary, we briefly comment the source(s) of tryptophan-ethylester in wine and the putative nutritional role(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Iriti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Ileana Vigentini
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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50
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Arnao MB, Hernández-Ruiz J. Phytomelatonin: Searching for Plants with High Levels for Use as a Natural Nutraceutical. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63462-7.00011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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