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Dong H, Chen R, Wang J, Chai N, Linghu E. Can NPC1L1 inhibitors reduce the risk of biliary tract cancer? Evidence from a mendelian randomization study. Dig Liver Dis 2024; 56:1599-1604. [PMID: 38342741 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2024.01.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Oxysterols have been implicated in biliary tract cancer (BTC), and Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) has been associated with oxysterol uptake in biliary and intestinal cells. Thus, our study aims to investigate the potential causal link between genetically proxied NPC1L1 inhibitors and the risk of BTC. METHODS In this study, we employed two genetic instruments as proxies for NPC1L1 inhibitors, which included LDL cholesterol-associated genetic variants located within or in close proximity to the NPC1L1 gene, as well as expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) of the NPC1L1 gene. Effect estimates were calculated using the Inverse-variance-weighted MR (IVW-MR) and summary-data-based MR (SMR) methods. RESULTS In MR analysis using the IVW method, both proxy instruments from the UK Biobank and the GLGC demonstrated a positive association between NPC1L1-mediated LDL cholesterol and BTC risk, with odds ratios (OR) of 10.30 (95% CI = 1.51-70.09; P = 0.017) and 5.61 (95% CI = 1.43-21.91; P = 0.013), respectively. Moreover, SMR analysis revealed a significant association between elevated NPC1L1 expression and increased BTC risk (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.04-1.37; P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS This MR study suggests a causal link between NPC1L1 inhibition and reduced BTC risk. NPC1L1 inhibitors, like ezetimibe, show potential for chemoprevention in precancerous BTC patients, requiring further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, PR China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Jiafeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, PR China
| | - Ningli Chai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, PR China.
| | - Enqiang Linghu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, PR China.
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2
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Xu L, Zhang Y, Lin Z, Deng X, Ren X, Huang M, Li S, Zhou Q, Fang F, Yang Q, Zheng G, Chen Z, Wu Z, Sun X, Lin J, Shen J, Guo J, Li X, Xue T, Tan J, Lin X, Tan L, Peng H, Shen S, Peng S, Li S, Liang L, Cleary JM, Lai J, Xie Y, Kuang M. FASN-mediated fatty acid biosynthesis remodels immune environment in Clonorchis sinensis infection-related intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J Hepatol 2024; 81:265-277. [PMID: 38508240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is the second most common primary liver cancer and is highly lethal. Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) infection is an important risk factor for iCCA. Here we investigated the clinical impact and underlying molecular characteristics of C. sinensis infection-related iCCA. METHODS We performed single-cell RNA sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, metabolomics and spatial transcriptomics in 251 patients with iCCA from three medical centers. Alterations in metabolism and the immune microenvironment of C. sinensis-related iCCAs were validated through an in vitro co-culture system and in a mouse model of iCCA. RESULTS We revealed that C. sinensis infection was significantly associated with iCCA patients' overall survival and response to immunotherapy. Fatty acid biosynthesis and the expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN), a key enzyme catalyzing long-chain fatty acid synthesis, were significantly enriched in C. sinensis-related iCCAs. iCCA cell lines treated with excretory/secretory products of C. sinensis displayed elevated FASN and free fatty acids. The metabolic alteration of tumor cells was closely correlated with the enrichment of tumor-associated macrophage (TAM)-like macrophages and the impaired function of T cells, which led to formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment and tumor progression. Spatial transcriptomics analysis revealed that malignant cells were in closer juxtaposition with TAM-like macrophages in C. sinensis-related iCCAs than non-C. sinensis-related iCCAs. Importantly, treatment with a FASN inhibitor significantly reversed the immunosuppressive microenvironment and enhanced anti-PD-1 efficacy in iCCA mouse models treated with excretory/secretory products from C. sinensis. CONCLUSIONS We provide novel insights into metabolic alterations and the immune microenvironment in C. sinensis infection-related iCCAs. We also demonstrate that the combination of a FASN inhibitor with immunotherapy could be a promising strategy for the treatment of C. sinensis-related iCCAs. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis)-infected patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) have a worse prognosis and response to immunotherapy than non-C. sinensis-infected patients with iCCA. The underlying molecular characteristics of C. sinensis infection-related iCCAs remain unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that upregulation of FASN (fatty acid synthase) and free fatty acids in C. sinensis-related iCCAs leads to formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment and tumor progression. Thus, administration of FASN inhibitors could significantly reverse the immunosuppressive microenvironment and further enhance the efficacy of anti-PD-1 against C. sinensis-related iCCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Xu
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhilong Lin
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinlang Deng
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxue Ren
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingle Huang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shangru Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianying Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Fang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingxia Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaomin Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zebin Chen
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Second Department of General Surgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Jingxian Shen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxing Li
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianchen Xue
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaoxuan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Tan
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Peng
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shunli Shen
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sui Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoqiang Li
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijian Liang
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - James M Cleary
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Jiaming Lai
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yubin Xie
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ming Kuang
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Ponomarev D, Lvova M, Mordvinov V, Chidunchi I, Dushkin A, Avgustinovich D. Anti-Opisthorchis felineus effects of artemisinin derivatives: An in vitro study. Acta Trop 2024; 254:107196. [PMID: 38521124 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The drug of choice for the treatment of opisthorchiasis caused by trematodes Opisthorchis viverrini and O. felineus is praziquantel (PZQ), but there is a constant search for new anthelmintics, including those of plant origin. Positive results on the use of artemisinin derivatives against O. viverrini opisthorchiasis have been shown previously, but the effect of these compounds on O. felineus has not been studied. Therefore, here, a comparative analysis of anthelmintic properties of artemisinin derivatives (artesunate [AS], artemether [AM], and dihydroartemisinin [DHA]) was carried out in vitro in relation to PZQ. Experiments were performed on newly excysted metacercariae (NEMs) and adult flukes of O. felineus. RESULTS Dose- and time-dependent effects of artemisinin derivatives and of PZQ were assessed in terms of motility and mortality of both NEMs and adult flukes. The most pronounced anthelmintic action was exerted by DHA, whose half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 1.9 (NEMs) and 2.02 µg/mL (adult flukes) were lower than those of PZQ (0.56 and 0.25 µg/mL, respectively). In contrast to PZQ, the effects of DHA and AS were similar when we compared the two developmental stages of O. felineus (NEMs and adult flukes). In addition, AM, AS, and especially DHA at doses of 100 µg/mL disrupted tegument integrity in adult flukes, which was not observed with PZQ. CONCLUSIONS Artemisinin derivatives (AS, AM, and DHA) have good anthelmintic efficacy against the trematode O. felineus, and the action of these substances is comparable to (and sometimes better than) the effects of PZQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Ponomarev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Prospekt Akad. Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Maria Lvova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Prospekt Akad. Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Viatcheslav Mordvinov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Prospekt Akad. Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Irina Chidunchi
- Toraighyrov University, Lomov Str. 64, Pavlodar, 140000, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexander Dushkin
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, SB RAS, Kutateladze Str. 18, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Damira Avgustinovich
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Prospekt Akad. Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, SB RAS, Kutateladze Str. 18, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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Tangkawattana S, Suyapoh W, Thongrin T, Wendo WD, Salao K, Suttiprapa S, Saichua P, Tangkawattana P. Inflammatory responses to Opisthorchis viverrini infection in animal models: A comparison between susceptible and nonsusceptible hosts in different anatomical locations. Open Vet J 2024; 14:664-673. [PMID: 38549578 PMCID: PMC10970119 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation caused by Opisthorchis viverrini infection increases the risk of cholangitis, cholecystitis, and leads to bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma or CCA). However, only certain infected individuals are susceptible to CCA, suggesting the involvement of host factors in cancer development. In addition, there are reports indicating differences in the locations of CCA. Aim This study aims to investigate cellular inflammatory responses in the common bile duct (CB), intrahepatic bile duct (IHB), and gallbladder (GB) in susceptible and non-susceptible hosts following O. viverrini infection. Methods Thirty Syrian golden hamsters (a susceptible host) and 30 BALB/c mice (a non-susceptible host) infected with O. viverrini were studied at six time points (five animals per group). Histopathological evaluations were conducted on samples from the IHB, CB, and GB. Inflammatory cell infiltration was quantitatively assessed and compared between groups and time points. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results Inflammation was significantly more pronounced in the IHB compared to the other two biliary locations. In comparison between susceptible and non-susceptible hosts, the intensity of inflammation was higher in the OV+H group than in the OV+M group (p < 0.05). Conclusion This study highlights the association between host response to inflammation, tissue location, and host susceptibility, with the IHB showing particular susceptibility to inflammation and pathological changes. These findings contribute to our understanding of the increased risk of CCA in susceptible hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirikachorn Tangkawattana
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Watcharapol Suyapoh
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Theerayut Thongrin
- Graduate Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, KhonKaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Western University, Kanchanaburi, Thailand
| | - Woro Danur Wendo
- Graduate Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, KhonKaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kanin Salao
- Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sutas Suttiprapa
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Prasert Saichua
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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5
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Saijuntha W, Sithithaworn P, Wangboon C, Andrews RH, Petney TN. Liver Flukes: Clonorchis and Opisthorchis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1454:239-284. [PMID: 39008268 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-60121-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini and O. felineus are liver flukes of human and animal pathogens occurring across much of Europe and Asia. Nevertheless, they are often underestimated compared to other, better known neglected diseases in spite of the fact that many millions of people are infected and hundreds of millions are at risk. This is possibly because of the chronic nature of the infection and disease and that it takes several decades prior to a life-threatening pathology to develop. Several studies in the past decade have provided more information on the molecular biology of the liver flukes which clearly lead to better understanding of parasite biology, systematics and population genetics. Clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis are characterized by a chronic infection that induces hepatobiliary inflammation, especially periductal fibrosis, which can be detected by ultrasonography. These chronic inflammations eventually lead to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a usually fatal bile duct cancer that develops in some infected individuals. In Thailand alone, opisthorchiasis-associated CCA kills up to 20,000 people every year and is therefore of substantial public health importance. Its socioeconomic impacts on impoverished families and communities are considerable. To reduce hepatobiliary morbidity and CCA, the primary intervention measures focus on control and elimination of the liver fluke. Accurate diagnosis of liver fluke infections in both human and other mammalian, snail and fish intermediate hosts is important for achieving these goals. While the short-term goal of liver fluke control can be achieved by praziquantel chemotherapy, a comprehensive health education package targeting school children is believed to be more beneficial for a long-term goal/solution. It is recommended that transdisciplinary research or multisectoral control approach including one health and/or eco health intervention strategy should be applied to combat the liver flukes and hence contribute to reduction of CCA in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paiboon Sithithaworn
- Department of Parasitology and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Chompunoot Wangboon
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Ross H Andrews
- CASCAP, Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Trevor N Petney
- CASCAP, Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Paleontology and Evolution, State Museum of Natural History, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Jain S, Rana M. From the discovery of helminths to the discovery of their carcinogenic potential. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:47. [PMID: 38095695 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer involves a major aberration in the normal behaviour of cells, making them divide continuously, which interferes with the normal physiology of the body. The link between helminths and their cancer-inducing potential has been proposed in the last century. The exact pathway is still not clear but chronic inflammation in response to the deposited eggs, immune response against soluble egg antigens, and co-infection with a third party (a bacteria, a virus, or infection leading to a change in microbiome) seems to be the reasons for cancer induction. This review looks into the historical outlook on helminths along with their epidemiology, morphology, and life cycle. It then focuses on providing correlations between helminth infection and molecular mechanism of carcinogenesis by elaborating upon epidemiological, clinical, and surgical studies. While the cancer-inducing potential has been convincingly established only for a few helminths and studies point out towards possible cancer-inducing ability of the rest of the helminths elucidated in this work, however, more insights into the immunobiology of helminths as well as infected patients are required to conclusively comment upon this ability of the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhant Jain
- Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (IGDORE), Rewari, Haryana, India.
| | - Meenakshi Rana
- Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, Lodhi Road, Pragati Vihaar, New Delhi, India
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Thongrin T, Suyapoh W, Wendo W, Tangkawattana P, Sukon P, Salao K, Suttiprapa S, Saichua P, Tangkawatana S. Inflammatory cell responses in biliary mucosa during Opisthorchis viverrini infection: Insights into susceptibility differences among hosts. Open Vet J 2023; 13:1150-1166. [PMID: 37842106 PMCID: PMC10576576 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i9.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Individual host susceptibility is believed to be a risk factor in the interaction between the host and the parasite. Since studying time series in humans is limited, animal models are replaced. Aim This study aims to explore and compare the pattern of inflammatory cell types along the biliary tract and their association with proliferative lesions in the early development of cholangiocarcinoma from susceptible and nonsusceptible animal models. Methods Thirty male Syrian golden hamsters and 30 BALB/c mice, serving as the susceptible and nonsusceptible animal models, were used in this comparative study. The animals were infected with 50 Opisthorchis viverrini metacercariae via gastric intubation. At days 1, 2, 7, 14, 28, and 56 postinfection (p.i.), five animals were randomly selected from each group and humanely sacrificed. The hepatobiliary tissues were collected and processed for histopathological study. Histochemical and immunohistochemical staining were applied to differentiate the inflammatory cell types. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were applied to assess all semi-quantitative and quantitative variables. The correlation between each variable was also analyzed using Spearman rank at a p-value < 0.05. Results The results demonstrated that mice had different patterns of infiltrating cell types when compared to hamsters. This suggested that the cellular response to the infection in mice occurred earlier than that in hamsters. The response in mice reached its peak at D7 to D14 and then rapidly declined at D28. In contrast, although the inflammatory response in hamsters started slowly, the response reached the peak at D28 and maintained a high level until D56. Significant differences in the number of inflammatory cells between mice and hamsters were seen at D1 (p = 0.047), D7 (p = 0.049), D28 (p = 0.040), and D56 (p < 0.040). Conclusion The inflammatory responses to O. viverrini infection in the nonsusceptible animal model occurred and declined earlier while the response in the susceptible animal model occurred later in a gradual manner. Both rodents are suitable animal models for the studies of opisthorchiasis susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theerayut Thongrin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Watcharapol Suyapoh
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - WoroDanur Wendo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Peerapol Sukon
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kanin Salao
- Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sutas Suttiprapa
- Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Tropical Disease Research Center, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Prasert Saichua
- Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Tropical Disease Research Center, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sirikachorn Tangkawatana
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Tropical Disease Research Center, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Watakulsin K, Chuenchom C, Thapphan C, Thai TD, Chareonsudjai S, Faksri K, Suttiprapa S, Tangkawatana S, Sripa B, Edwards SW, Salao K. Neutrophils form extracellular traps in response to Opisthorchis viverrini crude antigens, which are elevated in neutrophils from opisthorchiasis patients with hepatobiliary abnormalities. Biol Open 2023; 12:bio059909. [PMID: 37493409 PMCID: PMC10434363 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Opisthorchis viverrini (Ov) infection can cause several disease conditions of the bile duct including hepatobiliary abnormalities (HBAs) and the most severe, cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Fibrosis occurs when tissues are damaged and normal wound-healing responses are dysregulated. Neutrophils are the first cells to migrate to an infection site to protect the host from intruding extracellular pathogens through a wide range of effector mechanisms such as phagocytosis, production of reactive oxygen species, proteases, or release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). In this work, we used confocal microscopy to assess whether Ov crude antigens can cause release of NETs from neutrophils from Ov-free individuals. We demonstrated for the first time that these antigens could induce release of NETs ex vivo in a dose-dependent manner from neutrophils isolated from Ov-free individuals. Intriguingly, when we measured NETs from neutrophils isolated from Ov-infected patients, we found increased spontaneous production of NETs in patients with HBAs. Interestingly, exposure to Ov crude antigens lowered the level of NETs released by neutrophils from patients with active Ov infection regardless of HBA status. We propose that in the case of acute Ov infection, even when concentration of Ov antigens is relatively low, neutrophils can form NETs. However, when this infection becomes chronic, manifesting as a definite HBA, the levels of NET production are reduced when treated with Ov crude antigens. Excessive production of proinflammatory mediators from these NETs might have effects on the parasites, but may also lead to excessive injury of surrounding tissues resulting in HBAs and may lead eventually to the most severe complications such as CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krongkarn Watakulsin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
| | - Chalida Chuenchom
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
| | - Chakrit Thapphan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
| | - Tran Duong Thai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
| | - Sorutsiri Chareonsudjai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
| | - Kiatichai Faksri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
| | - Sutas Suttiprapa
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
| | - Sirikachorn Tangkawatana
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
| | - Banchob Sripa
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
| | - Steven W. Edwards
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Kanin Salao
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
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9
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Yıldırım HÇ, Kavgaci G, Chalabiyev E, Dizdar O. Advances in the Early Detection of Hepatobiliary Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3880. [PMID: 37568696 PMCID: PMC10416925 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) and biliary tract cancers (BTCs) have poor survival rates and a low likelihood of a cure, especially in advanced-stage disease. Early diagnosis is crucial and can significantly improve survival rates through curative treatment approaches. Current guidelines recommend abdominal ultrasonography (USG) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) monitoring for HCC screening in high-risk groups, and abdominal USG, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) monitoring for biliary tract cancer. However, despite this screening strategy, many high-risk individuals still develop advanced-stage HCC and BTC. Blood-based biomarkers are being developed for use in HCC or BTC high-risk groups. Studies on AFP, AFP-L3, des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin, glypican-3 (GPC3), osteopontin (OPN), midkine (MK), neopterin, squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA), Mac-2-binding protein (M2BP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), and interleukin-6 biomarkers for HCC screening have shown promising results when evaluated individually or in combination. In the case of BTCs, the potential applications of circulating tumor DNA, circulating microRNA, and circulating tumor cells in diagnosis are also promising. These biomarkers have shown potential in detecting BTCs in early stages, which can significantly improve patient outcomes. Additionally, these biomarkers hold promise for monitoring disease progression and evaluating response to therapy in BTC patients. However, further research is necessary to fully understand the clinical utility of these biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of HCC and BTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Omer Dizdar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Turkey; (H.Ç.Y.); (G.K.); (E.C.)
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10
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Fan Y, Na SY, Jung YS, Radhakrishnan K, Choi HS. Estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) is a key regulator of lysyl oxidase gene expression in mouse hepatocytes. Steroids 2023; 194:109226. [PMID: 36948345 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase (LOX), the copper-dependent extracellular enzyme, plays a critical role in the regulation of protein cross-linking in the extracellular matrix (ECM). It is also involved in liver regeneration and liver fibrosis. However, the mechanism of LOX regulation in mouse hepatocytes is still unclear. Here, we identify a molecular mechanism showing that orphan nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) regulates LOX gene expression in the presence of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 6 (IL6). IL6 significantly stimulated the expression of ERRγ and LOX in mouse hepatocytes. Overexpression of ERRγ increased LOX mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, knockdown of ERRγ attenuated IL6-mediated LOX gene expression at mRNA and protein levels. Overexpression of ERRγ or IL6 treatment upregulated LOX gene promoter activity, while knockdown of ERRγ decreased the IL6-induced LOX promoter activity. Furthermore, GSK5182, a specific ERRγ inverse agonist, inhibited the induction effect of IL6 on LOX promoter activity and gene expression in mouse hepatocytes. Overall, our study elucidates the mechanism involved in the LOX gene regulation by nuclear receptor ERRγ in response to IL6 in mouse hepatocytes, suggesting that, in conditions such as chronic inflammation, IL6 may contribute to liver fibrosis via inducing LOX gene expression. Thus, LOX gene regulation by the inverse agonist of ERRγ can be applied to improve liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Fan
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Young Na
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Jung
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kamalakannan Radhakrishnan
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Hembasat T, Chaiyadet S, Ittiprasert W, Smout MJ, Young ND, Loukas A, Brindley PJ, Laha T. Peptide derived from progranulin of the carcinogenic liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini stimulates cell hyperproliferation and proinflammatory cytokine production. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2586058. [PMID: 36993607 PMCID: PMC10055533 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2586058/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Progranulin (PGRN) is a secreted glycoprotein growth factor with roles in wound healing, inflammation, angiogenesis and malignancy. An orthologue of the gene encoding human PGRN was identified in the carcinogenic liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini. Methods Sequence structure, general characteristics and possible function of O. viverrini PGRN was analyzed using bioinformatics. Expression profiles were investigated with quantitative RT-PCR, western blot and immunolocalization. A specific peptide of Ov-PGRN was used to investigate a role for this molecule in pathogenesis. Results The structure of the gene coding for O. viverrini PGRN was 36,463 bp in length, and comprised of 13 exons, 12 introns, and a promoter sequence. The Ov-pgrn mRNA is 2,768 bp in length and encodes an 846 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 91.61 kDa. Ov-PGRN exhibited one half and seven complete granulin domains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Ov-PGRN formed its closest relationship with PGRN of liver flukes in the Opisthorchiidae. Transcripts of Ov-pgrn were detected in several developmental stages, with highest expression in the metacercaria, indicating that Ov-PGRN may participate as a growth factor in the early development of O. viverrini. Western blot analysis revealed the presence of detected Ov-PGRN in both soluble somatic or excretory/secretory products, and immunolocalization indicated high levels of expression in the tegument and parenchyma of the adult fluke. Co-culture of a human cholangiocyte cell line and a peptide fragment of Ov-PGRN stimulated proliferation of cholangiocytes and upregulation of expression of the cytokines IL6 and IL8. Conclusion Ov-PGRN is expressed throughout the life cycle of liver fluke, and likely plays a key role in development and growth.
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12
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Fedorova OS, Kovshirina AE, Kovshirina YV, Hattendorf J, Onishchenko SV, Katanakhova LL, Taslicki SS, Chizhikov AV, Tataurov IA, Vtorushin SV, Sripa B, Ogorodova LM, Odermatt P. Opisthorchis Felineus Infection is a Risk Factor for Cholangiocarcinoma in Western Siberia: A Hospital-based Case-control Study. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:e1392-e1398. [PMID: 35723279 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a fatal bile duct cancer, has a high incidence in Western Siberia, Russian Federation. In addition, Opisthorchis felineus, a bile duct-dwelling trematode liver fluke is highly endemic. Closely related species have been shown to be cancerogenic agents in Asia. We therefore examined the association between O felineus infection and CCA in Western Siberia. METHODS We conducted a hospital-based, individually matched case-control study between January 2017 and August 2020 in Tomsk Oblast and Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, Yugra, Russian Federation. Histologically confirmed CCA patients (cases) were compared with matched age, sex, and place of residence hospital controls. The examination of study participants included the diagnosis of current and past O felineus infection, abdominal ultrasonographical assessment, physical examination, and interview on exposures to potential risk factors. RESULTS We identified 40 patients with CCA and 160 controls. Exposures to O felineus infection was strongly associated with CCA (odds ratio [OR], 3.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-10.8; P = .008). Also, cases reported more often that they were currently or in the past were infected by O felineus compared with controls (OR, 4.03; 95% CI, 1.7-9.5; P = .001). Furthermore, cases reported river fish consumption and fishing habits significantly more often than controls (OR, 5.5; 95% CI, 1.5-19.8; P = .009 and OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.4-7.7; P = .005). CONCLUSIONS The study results revealed a strong significantly increased risk for CCA development in O felineus-infected individuals. Elaboration of the guidelines on screening programs for early CCA diagnosis, prevention, and treatment is socially important in endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga S Fedorova
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Anna E Kovshirina
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia V Kovshirina
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Jan Hattendorf
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sergey V Onishchenko
- Surgut State University, Surgut, Russian Federation.,Surgut Regional Clinical Hospital 14, Surgut, Russian Federation
| | | | | | | | - Ilya A Tataurov
- Regional Clinical Hospital 40, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey V Vtorushin
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | | | - Ludmila M Ogorodova
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Peter Odermatt
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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13
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Wang X, Zhang N, Yu Y, Gong P, Zhang X, Ma Y, Li X, Li J. Clonorchis sinensis aggravates biliary fibrosis through promoting IL-6 production via toll-like receptor 2-mediated AKT and p38 signal pathways. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011062. [PMID: 36693049 PMCID: PMC9873171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis is an important food-borne zoonotic parasite which has been linked to biliary fibrosis and cholangiocarcinoma. However, the details of the pathogenesis of C. sinensis were unclear. To explore the role and regulatory mechanism of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in C. sinensis-induced biliary fibrosis, we established the C. sinensis-infected C57BL/6 mouse model with TLR2-/- and wild type (WT) mice. The mortality rate, liver lesions, TLR2 and TGF-β1 expression, phosphorylation of Smad2/3, AKT, p38, ERK and p65, and cytokine productions were analyzed. Furthermore, similar parameters were examined in mouse biliary epithelial cells (BECs) co-cultured with C. sinensis excretory/secretory proteins (ESPs). The results showed that TLR2 expression was enhanced significantly in C. sinensis-infected WT mice and mouse BECs. C. sinensis-infected TLR2-/- mice exhibited an increased weight and a decreased mortality rate; significantly alleviated liver lesions and biliary fibrosis, reduced numbers of myofibroblasts; decreased expression of TGF-β1 and phosphorylation level of AKT, p38 and Smad2/3; significantly decreased production of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-4, while increased production of IFN-γ compared with C. sinensis-infected WT mice. Furthermore, C. sinensis ESPs could activate TLR2-mediated AKT and p38 pathways to increase the production of IL-6 in mouse BECs. In conclusion, these data indicate that C. sinensis infection activated TGF-β1-Smad2/3 through TLR2-mediated AKT and p38 pathways to promote IL-6 production, which resulted in myofibroblast activation and aggravating biliary fibrosis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaocen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pengtao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xichen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yeting Ma
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (XL)
| | - Jianhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (XL)
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14
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Treeriya R, Ho PN, Titapun A, Klanrit P, Suksawat M, Kulthawatsiri T, Sirirattanakul S, Loilome W, Namwat N, Wangwiwatsin A, Chamadol N, Khuntikeo N, Phetcharaburanin J. 1H NMR fecal metabolic phenotyping of periductal fibrosis- and cholangiocarcinoma-specific metabotypes defining perturbation in gut microbial-host co-metabolism. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15386. [PMID: 37187520 PMCID: PMC10178365 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini (OV), which subsequently inhabits the biliary system and results in periductal fibrosis (PDF), is one of the primarily causes of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a bile duct cancer with an exceptionally high incidence in the northeast of Thailand and other Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) countries. Insights in fecal metabolic changes associated with PDF and CCA are required for further molecular research related to gut health and potential diagnostic biological marker development. Methods In this study, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics was applied for fecal metabolic phenotyping from 55 fecal water samples across different study groups including normal bile duct, PDF and CCA groups. Results By using NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomics, fecal metabolic profiles of patients with CCA or PDF and of individuals with normal bile duct have been established with a total of 40 identified metabolites. Further multivariate statistical analysis and hierarchical clustering heat map have demonstrated the PDF- and CCA-specific metabotypes through various altered metabolite groups including amino acids, alcohols, amines, anaerobic glycolytic metabolites, fatty acids, microbial metabolites, sugar, TCA cycle intermediates, tryptophan catabolism substrates, and pyrimidine metabolites. Compared to the normal bile duct group, PDF individuals showed the significantly elevated relative concentrations of fecal ethanol, glycine, tyrosine, and N-acetylglucosamine whereas CCA patients exhibited the remarkable fecal metabolic changes that can be evident through the increased relative concentrations of fecal uracil, succinate, and 5-aminopentanoate. The prominent fecal metabolic alterations between CCA and PDF were displayed by the reduction of relative concentration of methanol observed in CCA. The metabolic alterations associated with PDF and CCA progression have been proposed with the involvement of various metabolic pathways including TCA cycle, ethanol biogenesis, hexamine pathway, methanol biogenesis, pyrimidine metabolism, and lysine metabolism. Among them, ethanol, methanol, and lysine metabolism strongly reflect the association of gut-microbial host metabolic crosstalk in PDF and/or CCA patients. Conclusion The PDF- and CCA-associated metabotypes have been investigated displaying their distinct fecal metabolic patterns compared to that of normal bile duct group. Our study also demonstrated that the perturbation in co-metabolism of host and gut bacteria has been involved from the early step since OV infection to CCA tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujikorn Treeriya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Phuc N. Ho
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Attapol Titapun
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Poramate Klanrit
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Systems Biosciences and Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Manida Suksawat
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Thanaporn Kulthawatsiri
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Suphasarang Sirirattanakul
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Watcharin Loilome
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Systems Biosciences and Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nisana Namwat
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Systems Biosciences and Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Arporn Wangwiwatsin
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Systems Biosciences and Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nittaya Chamadol
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Narong Khuntikeo
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Jutarop Phetcharaburanin
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Systems Biosciences and Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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15
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Loilome W, Namwat N, Jusakul A, Techasen A, Klanrit P, Phetcharaburanin J, Wangwiwatsin A. The Hallmarks of Liver Fluke Related Cholangiocarcinoma: Insight into Drug Target Possibility. Recent Results Cancer Res 2023; 219:53-90. [PMID: 37660331 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-35166-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant tumor of the biliary tree that is classified into three groups based on its anatomic location: intrahepatic (iCCA), perihilar (pCCA), and distal (dCCA). Perihilar CCA is the most common type and accounts for 50-60% of CCA cases. It is followed by distal CCA and then intrahepatic CCA that account for 20-30% and 10-20% of cases, respectively. This chapter discusses the hallmarks of liver fluke related CCA and explores insights into drug target possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watcharin Loilome
- Department of System Biosciences and Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Nisana Namwat
- Department of System Biosciences and Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Apinya Jusakul
- Faculty of Associated Medical Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Techasen
- Faculty of Associated Medical Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Poramate Klanrit
- Department of System Biosciences and Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Jutarop Phetcharaburanin
- Department of System Biosciences and Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Arporn Wangwiwatsin
- Department of System Biosciences and Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
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Avgustinovich D, Kizimenko A, Marenina M, Lvova M, Kovner A, Orlovskaya I, Toporkova L, Goiman E, Tsyganov M, Ponomarev D. Prolonged liver fluke infection combined with alcoholization: An experimental mouse model. Exp Parasitol 2022; 242:108399. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Kan S, Li Q, Li HM, Yao YH, Du XY, Wu CY, Chen GJ, Guo XK, Qian MB, Wang ZJ. Clonorchis sinensis infection modulates key cytokines for essential immune response impacted by sex. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010726. [PMID: 36083861 PMCID: PMC9462580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with helminths can modulate the host immune response, which ultimately shape morbidity and mortality of the associated diseases. We studied key cytokines for essential immune response in sera from 229 southeastern China individuals infected with Clonorchis sinensis and 60 individuals without C. sinensis infection, and measured serum specific IgG and IgE against worms in these people. Individuals infected with C. sinensis had significantly higher antigen-specific IgG and IgE levels, which were positively correlated with egg counts in feces. However, less enhancement of IgE antibody was observed in females when compared to males with similar infection levels. C. sinensis infection caused diminished Th1 cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-12p70, IFN-γ and TNF-α), Th2 cytokine (IL-4), as well as Th17 cytokine (IL-17A) in sera, which showed decreasing trend by infection intensity. Notably, these phenotypes were more significant in females than those in males. Although C. sinensis infection is associated with the development of hepatobiliary diseases, there was no significant correlation between the dampened cytokine profiles and the hepatobiliary morbidities. Our study indicates C. sinensis infection is strongly related to the immune suppression in human. Sex differences shape the immune milieus of clonorchiasis. This study provides a better understanding of how worms affect immune responses and cause a long-term immune alternation in humans with C. sinensis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Kan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research-Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research-Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Mei Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Hua Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Yue Du
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Yun Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Jie Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Kui Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research-Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Men-Bao Qian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research-Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (MBQ); (ZJW)
| | - Zhao-Jun Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research-Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (MBQ); (ZJW)
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18
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Phung HTT, Deenonpoe R, Suttiprapa S, Mairiang E, Edwards SW, Sripa B. Persistent advanced periductal fibrosis is associated with cagA-positive Helicobacter pylori infection in post-praziquantel treatment of opisthorchiasis. Helicobacter 2022; 27:e12897. [PMID: 35527695 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fluke infection caused by Opisthorchis viverrini is associated with several hepatobiliary diseases including advanced periductal fibrosis (APF) and cholangiocarcinoma. Recently, we demonstrated a persistent APF in over one-third of opisthorchiasis patients after worm removal by praziquantel (PZQ) treatment. However, the underlying mechanism(s) of this phenomena is unclear. Given a co-infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) especially cagA-positive strain enhances APF, we hypothesized that H. pylori with CagA virulent factor contributes to persistent APF. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-five opisthorchiasis patients who underwent ultrasonography and treatment with PZQ were recruited in the 2-year follow-up study. Helicobacter and its cagA in the feces were examined by conventional and qPCR. Correlations between prevalence or bacterial loads of Helicobacter spp., H. pylori, and cagA-positive H. pylori before and after PZQ treatment were analyzed among resolved, slowly resolved, relapsed, and persistent APF groups. RESULTS Overall, prevalence of Helicobacter spp., H. pylori, and cagA-positive H. pylori declined after PZQ treatment. However, only the prevalence and bacterial loads of cagA-positive H. pylori detected at 2-year post-treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment (p < .05). In addition, both prevalence and bacterial loads of cagA-positive H. pylori were significantly lower in the resolved APF group after PZQ treatment, while there were no significant changes in the slowly resolved, relapsed, and persistent APF groups. Among the APF subgroups, cagA-positive H. pylori prevalence in both relapsed and persistent APF groups were significantly higher than the resolved APF group. CONCLUSION The results support our hypothesis that H. pylori, especially cagA-positive strain, contributes to the relapsed and persistent APF. A supplementary antibiotic treatment for H. pylori to reduce persistent APF and eventually CCA is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Thi Thu Phung
- Tropical Medicine Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Raksawan Deenonpoe
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sutas Suttiprapa
- Tropical Medicine Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Eimorn Mairiang
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Steven W Edwards
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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19
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Infection rate of Opisthorchis viverrini metacercariae in cyprinoid fish from the markets and its association to human opisthorchiasis in the local community in the Northeast Thailand. Acta Trop 2022; 225:106216. [PMID: 34717889 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of Opisthorchis viverrini, a fish-borne zoonotic trematode that can provoke cholangiocarcinoma, is high in the Northeast Thailand. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of O. viverrini metacercariae in the cyprinid fish and determine its association of O. viverrini infection among the consumers who regularly buy fish in the markets. A cross-sectional study was conducted in nine provinces covering 20 districts of Thailand, and we examined 778 cyprinoid fish specimens belonging to five species purchased from local markets. Pepsin-HCl digestion method was used to recover O. viverrini metacercariae from fish. In all districts surveyed, O. viverrini metacercariae-positive fish were found with the infection rates ranging from 3.9 to 21.1%. All five fish species studied were positive for O. viverrini metacercariae: Henicorhynchus siamensis (13.7%), Cyclocheilichtys spp. (12.7%), Hampala spp. (8.1%), Systomus spp. (6.9%) and Barbonymus goniatus (5.0%). An average prevalence of O. viverrini infection was 7.1% in the fish consumers surveyed in the markets. The source of fish was determined and our results showed that parasitized fish are sold in markets up to 100 km away from the point of capture, which contributes to the dispersion and maintenance of this helminthiasis. Our results point to the transmission of liver flukes via markets, in spite of many active programs of health education, elimination, prevention and control aimed to reduce O. viverrini infection and subsequent cholangiocarcinoma in the endemic areas of Thailand.
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20
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Brindley PJ, Bachini M, Ilyas SI, Khan SA, Loukas A, Sirica AE, Teh BT, Wongkham S, Gores GJ. Cholangiocarcinoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2021; 7:65. [PMID: 34504109 PMCID: PMC9246479 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-021-00300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly lethal adenocarcinoma of the hepatobiliary system, which can be classified as intrahepatic, perihilar and distal. Each anatomic subtype has distinct genetic aberrations, clinical presentations and therapeutic approaches. In endemic regions, liver fluke infection is associated with CCA, owing to the oncogenic effect of the associated chronic biliary tract inflammation. In other regions, CCA can be associated with chronic biliary tract inflammation owing to choledocholithiasis, cholelithiasis, or primary sclerosing cholangitis, but most CCAs have no identifiable cause. Administration of the anthelmintic drug praziquantel decreases the risk of CCA from liver flukes, but reinfection is common and future vaccination strategies may be more effective. Some patients with CCA are eligible for potentially curative surgical options, such as resection or liver transplantation. Genetic studies have provided new insights into the pathogenesis of CCA, and two aberrations that drive the pathogenesis of non-fluke-associated intrahepatic CCA, fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 fusions and isocitrate dehydrogenase gain-of-function mutations, can be therapeutically targeted. CCA is a highly desmoplastic cancer and targeting the tumour immune microenvironment might be a promising therapeutic approach. CCA remains a highly lethal disease and further scientific and clinical insights are needed to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Sumera I. Ilyas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shahid A. Khan
- Liver Unit, Division of Digestive Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alphonse E. Sirica
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Bin Tean Teh
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sopit Wongkham
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Gregory J. Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,
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21
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Jala I, Almanfaluthi ML, Laha T, Kanthawong S, Tangkawattana S, Saichua P, Suttiprapa S, Sripa B. Helicobacter pylori GroEL Seropositivity Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Opisthorchis viverrini-Associated Hepatobiliary Abnormalities and Cholangiocarcinoma. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2021; 59:363-368. [PMID: 34470087 PMCID: PMC8413853 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.4.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the synergistic effect of Opisthorchis viverrini and Helicobacter pylori co-infection on pathogenesis of severe hepatobiliary abnormalities (HBA) including advanced periductal fibrosis and replace with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) have been established, the immune response to H. pylori in O. viverrini infected population has never been explored. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the antibody responses to 2 immunogenic H. pylori proteins in O. viverrini-infected patients with HBA and CCA. The risk analysis by multinomial logistic regression revealed that GroEL seropositivity was associated with higher risks of hepatobiliary abnormalities and CCA with adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 2.11 (95% CI=1.20-3.71, P=0.008) and 2.13 (95% CI=1.21-3.75, P=0.009), respectively. These findings indicate that GroEL seropositivity might be a biomarker for early detection of O. viverrini associated HBA and CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Jala
- Tropical Medicine Graduate Program (International Program), Academic Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Muhammad Luthfi Almanfaluthi
- Tropical Medicine Graduate Program (International Program), Academic Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Thewarach Laha
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sakawrat Kanthawong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sirikachorn Tangkawattana
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Prasert Saichua
- Tropical Medicine Graduate Program (International Program), Academic Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sutas Suttiprapa
- Tropical Medicine Graduate Program (International Program), Academic Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Banchob Sripa
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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22
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Haonon O, Liu Z, Dangtakot R, Intuyod K, Pinlaor P, Puapairoj A, Cha'on U, Sengthong C, Pongking T, Onsurathum S, Yingklang M, Phetcharaburanin J, Li JV, Pinlaor S. Opisthorchis viverrini Infection Induces Metabolic and Fecal Microbial Disturbances in Association with Liver and Kidney Pathologies in Hamsters. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3940-3951. [PMID: 34270897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Opisthorchis viverrini (Ov) infection causes hepatobiliary diseases and is a major risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma. While several omics approaches have been employed to understand the pathogenesis of opisthorchiasis, effects of Ov infection on the host systemic metabolism and fecal microbiota have not been fully explored. Here, we used a 1H NMR spectroscopy-based metabolic phenotyping approach to investigate Ov infection-induced metabolic disturbances at both the acute (1 month postinfection, 1 mpi) and chronic (4 mpi) stages in hamsters. A total of 22, 3, and 4 metabolites were found to be significantly different in the liver, serum, and urine, respectively, between Ov+ and Ov- groups. Elevated levels of hepatic amino acids and tricarboxylic acid (TCA)-cycle intermediates (fumarate and malate) were co-observed with liver injury in acute infection, whereas fibrosis-associated metabolites (e.g., glycine and glutamate) increased at the chronic infection stage. Lower levels of lipid signals ((CH2)n and CH2CH2CO) and higher levels of lysine and scyllo-inositol were observed in serum from Ov+ hamsters at 1 mpi compared to Ov- controls. Urinary levels of phenylacetylglycine (a host-bacterial cometabolite) and tauro-β-muricholic acid were higher in the Ov+ group, which coexisted with hepatic and mild kidney fibrosis. Furthermore, Ov+ animals showed higher relative abundances of fecal Methanobrevibacter (Archaea), Akkermansia, and Burkholderia-Paraburkholderia compared to the noninfected controls. In conclusion, along with liver and kidney pathologies, O. viverrini infection resulted in hepatic and mild renal pathologies, disturbed hepatic amino acid metabolism and the TCA cycle, and induced changes in the fecal microbial composition and urinary host-microbial cometabolism. This study provides the initial step toward an understanding of local and systemic metabolic responses of the host to O. viverrini infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornuma Haonon
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in the Northeast of Thailand (CKDNET), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Rungtiwa Dangtakot
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Nakhonratchasima College, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Kitti Intuyod
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Porntip Pinlaor
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in the Northeast of Thailand (CKDNET), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Centre for Research and Development in Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Anucha Puapairoj
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ubon Cha'on
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in the Northeast of Thailand (CKDNET), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chatchawan Sengthong
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in the Northeast of Thailand (CKDNET), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Thatsanapong Pongking
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in the Northeast of Thailand (CKDNET), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Biomedical Science Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Centre for Research and Development in Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sudarat Onsurathum
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Manachai Yingklang
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in the Northeast of Thailand (CKDNET), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jutarop Phetcharaburanin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jia V Li
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Somchai Pinlaor
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in the Northeast of Thailand (CKDNET), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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23
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Hepatobiliary morbidities detected by ultrasonography in Opisthorchis viverrini-infected patients before and after praziquantel treatment: a five-year follow up study. Acta Trop 2021; 217:105853. [PMID: 33548204 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infection of the liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini (OV) is an important public health problem in northeast Thailand and adjacent countries, where people have a habit of eating raw or undercooked fish. A community case-control study was carried out with 8,936 participants from 89 villages, in Khon Kaen province, Thailand. There were 3,359 OV-infected participants all of whom underwent ultrasonography of upper abdomen for the evaluation of hepatobiliary morbidity. The participants with advanced periductal fibrosis (APF) by ultrasound (n = 785) were invited to undergo annual follow-up ultrasonography for five years after praziquantel treatment. The sonographer was blinded with respect to status of OV infection at each visit. The study findings revealed variability in the study population profile of the hepatobiliary morbidities before and after praziquantel treatment over the follow up interval. At the end of the study, 32 (30.8%) out of 104 participants showed no relapse of APF whereas, by contrast, 39 (37.5%) participants showed relapse or persistent APF since the outset of the study (≥ two consecutive visits). The APF in most follow-up visits was significantly associated with male sex, with intrahepatic duct stones, with the width of the gallbladder "pre" minus "post" fatty meal, and with the ratio of left lobe of the liver to aorta. Five cases of suspected cholangiocarcinoma were observed over the five years of follow-up. This long-term ultrasound follow-up study demonstrates a significant incidence of persistent APF in over one-third of opisthorchiasis cases after praziquantel treatment, findings that support the prospect of ongoing cholangiocarcinogenesis long after successful elimination of liver fluke infection among the population.
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24
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Qian MB, Li HM, Jiang ZH, Yang YC, Lu MF, Wei K, Wei SL, Chen Y, Zhou CH, Chen YD, Zhou XN. Severe hepatobiliary morbidity is associated with Clonorchis sinensis infection: The evidence from a cross-sectional community study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009116. [PMID: 33507969 PMCID: PMC7880442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis infection is highly prevalent in Asia. Diverse hepatobiliary morbidity has been documented for C. sinensis infection. This study aimed to assess the association between C. sinensis infection and hepatobiliary morbidity, taking into consideration of the control, confounders and infection intensity. A cross-sectional community survey was implemented in Hengxian county, southeastern China. Helminth infections were detected by fecal examination. Physical examination and abdominal ultrasonography were then conducted. After excluding confounding effects from gender, age and alcohol drinking, quantitative association between C. sinensis infection and hepatobiliary morbidity was assessed, and the effect from infection intensity was also evaluated, through adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). 696 villagers older than 10 years were enrolled. The prevalence and infection intensity of C. sinensis were higher in male, elder people and the individuals consuming alcohol. Light C. sinensis infection was associated with the increase of diarrhoea (aOR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1–4.5). C. sinensis infection was associated with the increase of fatty liver (aOR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4–5.2), and the effect was similar in different infection intensities. Moderate C. sinensis infection was associated with the increase of gallbladder stone (aOR: 3.0, 95% CI: 1.1–8.6), while moderate and heavy infections with the increase of intrahepatic bile duct dilatation (aOR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.0–4.9 and aOR: 4.3, 95% CI: 1.9–9.9, respectively). C. sinensis infection had an effect on the development of periductal fibrosis (aOR: 3.2, 95% CI: 2.1–4.9), which showed increasing trend by infection intensity. The length and width of gallbladder in those with C. sinensis infection were enlarged, especially in those over 30 years old. C. sinensis infection is significantly associated with hepatobiliary morbidity. The occurrence of some morbidity was strongly related to the infection intensity. Awareness on harm of clonorchiasis should be raised both for policy-makers and villagers to adopt effective interventions. Clonorchiasis is caused by ingestion of raw freshwater fish, which carries the larvae of Clonorchis sinensis. In this study, we aimed to assess the damages associated with clonorchiasis. A cross-sectional field survey was carried out in Hengxian county, southeastern China. Stool samples were collected and examined for helminth infections. Then, physical examination and abdominal ultrasonography were conducted. In total, 696 villagers older than 10 years were included. The prevalence and infection intensity of C. sinensis were higher in male, elder people and those drinking alcohol. Excluding the impact from gender, age and alcohol drinking, it was demonstrated that light C. sinensis infection was associated with the increase of diarrhoea, moderate infection with gallbladder stone, and moderate and heavy infections with intrahepatic bile duct dilatation. C. sinensis infection was relevant to the increase of fatty liver, and the effect was similar in different infection intensities. C. sinensis infection was associated with the development of periductal fibrosis and the effect increased by infection intensity. The length and width of gallbladder in individuals with C. sinensis infection were enlarged, especially in those over 30 years old. Thus, our study demonstrates that C. sinensis infection is associated with severe hepatobiliary morbidity, and the effect is strongly related to infection intensity for some morbidity. Concerted efforts should be exerted to tackle the morbidity in clonorchiasis endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Men-Bao Qian
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
- Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research-Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Mei Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
- Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Jiang
- Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Yi-Chao Yang
- Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | | | - Kang Wei
- Hengxian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hengxian, China
| | - Si-Liang Wei
- Hengxian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hengxian, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Hengxian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hengxian, China
| | - Chang-Hai Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
- Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Dan Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
- Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
- Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research-Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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25
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Suyapoh W, Tangkawattana S, Suttiprapa S, Punyapornwithaya V, Tangkawattana P, Sripa B. Synergistic effects of cagA+ Helicobacter pylori co-infected with Opisthorchis viverrini on hepatobiliary pathology in hamsters. Acta Trop 2021; 213:105740. [PMID: 33159904 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human liver fluke infection caused by Opisthorchis viverrini is associated with several biliary diseases including cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Recently, it was discovered that the liver fluke is a reservoir of Helicobacter pylori, particularly the cagA-positive strain (cytotoxin-associated gene A) in its gut. Given that two carcinogenic pathogens are associated with CCA development, however, the role of cagA-positive H. pylori in opisthorchiasis has not been clarified. The present study was therefore aimed to investigate histopathological changes of the biliary system in hamsters co-infected with O. viverrini and cagA-positive H. pylori or O. viverrini and cagA-negative H. pylori, with controls of O. viverrini, cagA-positive H. pylori, or cagA-negative H. pylori alone, over time. Major histopathological changes were systematically investigated. All pathological features were quantified/semi-quantified and compared among the experimental groups. The results showed that O. viverrini infection groups (O. viverrini, cagA-positive H. pylori and cagA-negative H. pylori) showed a high degree of eosinophil and mononuclear cell infiltration, lymphoid aggregation and granuloma. Specifically, O. viverrini co-infected with cagA-positive H. pylori presented significantly higher inflammatory scores than O. viverrini and O. viverrini with cagA-positive H. pylori. Proliferation and adaptive lesions such as hyperplasia, goblet cell metaplasia and dysplasia were detected only in O. viverrini infection groups. Dysplasia, the precancerous lesion of CCA, was observed in the first-order bile ducts, especially where the inflammation existed and was found earlier and more severely in O. viverrini with cagA-positive H. pylori than other groups. Similarly, the BrdU (bromodeoxyuridine) proliferation index was significantly higher in O. viverrini co-infected with cagA-positive H. pylori than O. viverrini and O. viverrini with cagA-negative H. pylori groups. Periductal fibrosis was a prominent histopathologic feature in chronic infection in O. viverrini infection groups. Multiple logistic regression showed that O. viverrini co-infected with cagA-positive H. pylori and the duration of infection were the most important factors associated with periductal fibrosis (OR 3.02, 95% CI 1.02-9.29, p = 0.04 and OR 3.82, 95% CI 2.61-5.97, p<0.001). This study demonstrates that the liver fluke co-infected with cagA-positive H. pylori induces severe biliary pathology that may predispose to cholangiocarcinogenesis.
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Avgustinovich D, Kovner A, Kashina E, Shatskaya N, Vishnivetskaya G, Bondar N, Lvova M. The pathogenic potential of the combined action of chronic Opisthorchis felineus infection and repeated social defeat stress in C57BL/6 mice. Int J Parasitol 2020; 51:353-363. [PMID: 33378706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic food-borne diseases and chronic social stress are frequent attributes of day-to-day human life. Therefore, our aim was to model the combined action of chronic Opisthorchis felineus infection and repeated social defeat stress in C57BL/6 mice. Histological examination of the liver revealed inflammation sites, pronounced periductal fibrosis, and cholangiofibrosis together with proliferation of bile ducts and hepatocyte dystrophy in the infected mice, especially in the stress-exposed ones. Simultaneously with liver pathology, we detected significant structural changes in the cerebral cortex. Immunohistochemical analysis of the hippocampus indicated the highest increase in numerical density of Iba 1-, IL-6-, iNOS-, and Arg1-positive cells in mice simultaneously subjected to the two adverse factors. The number of GFAP-positive cells rose during repeated social defeat stress, most strongly in the mice subjected to both infection and stress. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression of genes Aif1 and Il6 differed among the analysed brain regions (hippocampus, hypothalamus, and frontal cortex) and depended on the adverse factors applied. In addition, among the brain regions, there was no consistent increase or decrease in these parameters when the two adverse treatments were combined: (i) in the hippocampus, there was upregulation of Aif1 and no change in Il6 expression; (ii) in the hypothalamus, expression levels of Aif1 and Il6 were not different from controls; and (iii) in the frontal cortex, Aif1 expression did not change while Il6 expression increased. It can be concluded that a combination of two long-lasting adverse factors, O. felineus infection and repeated social defeat stress, worsens not only the hepatic but also brain state, as evidenced behaviorally by disturbances of the startle response in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damira Avgustinovich
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia; Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Anna Kovner
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena Kashina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia; AO Vector-Best, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalia Shatskaya
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Galina Vishnivetskaya
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalia Bondar
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maria Lvova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
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Ketpueak T, Thiennimitr P, Apaijai N, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Association of Chronic Opisthorchis Infestation and Microbiota Alteration on Tumorigenesis in Cholangiocarcinoma. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2020; 12:e00292. [PMID: 33464733 PMCID: PMC8345922 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a common hepatobiliary cancer in East and Southeast Asia. The data of microbiota contribution in CCA are still unclear. Current available reports have demonstrated that an Opisthorchis viverrini (OV) infection leads to dysbiosis in the bile duct. An increase in the commensal bacteria Helicobacter spp. in OV-infected CCA patients is associated with bile duct inflammation, severity of bile duct fibrosis, and cholangiocyte proliferation. In addition, secondary bile acids, major microbial metabolites, can mediate cholangiocyte inflammation and proliferation in the liver. A range of samples from CCA patients (stool, bile, and tumor) showed different degrees of dysbiosis. The evidence from these samples suggests that OV infection is associated with alterations in microbiota and could potentially have a role in CCA. In this comprehensive review, reports from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies that demonstrate possible links between OV infection, microbiota, and CCA pathogenesis are summarized and discussed. Understanding these associations may pave ways for novel potential adjunct intervention in gut microbiota in CCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanika Ketpueak
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Parameth Thiennimitr
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nattayaporn Apaijai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Thinkhamrop K, Suwannatrai AT, Chamadol N, Khuntikeo N, Thinkhamrop B, Sarakarn P, Gray DJ, Wangdi K, Clements ACA, Kelly M. Spatial analysis of hepatobiliary abnormalities in a population at high-risk of cholangiocarcinoma in Thailand. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16855. [PMID: 33033306 PMCID: PMC7545164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a serious health challenge with low survival prognosis. The liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, plays a role in the aetiology of CCA, through hepatobiliary abnormalities: liver mass (LM), bile duct dilation, and periductal fibrosis (PDF). A population-based CCA screening program, the Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program, operates in Northeast Thailand. Hepatobiliary abnormalities were identified through ultrasonography. A multivariate zero-inflated, Poisson regression model measured associations between hepatobiliary abnormalities and covariates including age, sex, distance to water resource, and history of O. viverrini infection. Geographic distribution was described using Bayesian spatial analysis methods. Hepatobiliary abnormality prevalence was 38.7%; highest in males aged > 60 years (39.8%). PDF was most prevalent (20.1% of males). The Standardized Morbidity Ratio (SMR) for hepatobiliary abnormalities was highest in the lower and upper parts of the Northeast region. Hepatobiliary abnormalities specifically associated with CCA were also more common in males and those aged over 60 years and distributed along the Chi, Mun, and Songkram Rivers. Our findings demonstrated a high risk of hepatobiliary disorders in Northeast Thailand, likely associated with infection caused by O. viverrini. Screening for CCA and improvement of healthcare facilities to provide better treatment for CCA patients should be prioritized in these high-risk areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavin Thinkhamrop
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Data Management and Statistical Analysis Center (DAMASAC), Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Health and Epidemiology Geoinformatics Research (HEGER), Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Apiporn T Suwannatrai
- Health and Epidemiology Geoinformatics Research (HEGER), Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. .,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Nittaya Chamadol
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Narong Khuntikeo
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Bandit Thinkhamrop
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Data Management and Statistical Analysis Center (DAMASAC), Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Epidemiology and Biostatistics Section, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pongdech Sarakarn
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Section, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Darren J Gray
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Kinley Wangdi
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Archie C A Clements
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Matthew Kelly
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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In Vivo Models for Cholangiocarcinoma-What Can We Learn for Human Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144993. [PMID: 32679791 PMCID: PMC7404171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) comprises a heterogeneous group of primary liver tumors. They emerge from different hepatic (progenitor) cell populations, typically via sporadic mutations. Chronic biliary inflammation, as seen in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), may trigger CCA development. Although several efforts were made in the last decade to better understand the complex processes of biliary carcinogenesis, it was only recently that new therapeutic advances have been achieved. Animal models are a crucial bridge between in vitro findings on molecular or genetic alterations, pathophysiological understanding, and new therapeutic strategies for the clinic. Nevertheless, it is inherently difficult to recapitulate simultaneously the stromal microenvironment (e.g., immune-competent cells, cholestasis, inflammation, PSC-like changes, fibrosis) and the tumor biology (e.g., mutational burden, local growth, and metastatic spread) in an animal model, so that it would reflect the full clinical reality of CCA. In this review, we highlight available data on animal models for CCA. We discuss if and how these models reflect human disease and whether they can serve as a tool for understanding the pathogenesis, or for predicting a treatment response in patients. In addition, open issues for future developments will be discussed.
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Fedorova OS, Fedotova MM, Zvonareva OI, Mazeina SV, Kovshirina YV, Sokolova TS, Golovach EA, Kovshirina AE, Konovalova UV, Kolomeets IL, Gutor SS, Petrov VA, Hattendorf J, Ogorodova LM, Odermatt P. Opisthorchis felineus infection, risks, and morbidity in rural Western Siberia, Russian Federation. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008421. [PMID: 32598389 PMCID: PMC7351239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver fluke, Opisthorchis felineus, is widely distributed throughout Europe and large parts of the Russian Federation. In Western Siberia, information about opisthorchiasis is lacking although infection may lead to severe liver and bile duct diseases. We aimed to assess the current prevalence of O. felineus infection along with associated risk factors and morbidity in rural Western Siberia. METHODS We conducted a community-based, cross-sectional study in the rural Shegarskiy district, Tomsk Oblast, Russian Federation. All household members (≥ 7 years) present on the survey day were enrolled (n = 600). Two stool samples per person were examined for helminth eggs, using PARASEP (DiaSys Ltd, UK). The number of eggs per gram (EPG) of feces was recorded. Each study participant was interviewed to determine risk factors, using a pre-tested questionnaire. An abdominal ultrasonography examination of liver and bile ducts was performed with a mobile, high resolution ultrasound device. In total, 488 persons completed assessments (two stool samples, completed questionnaires); of those, 436 individuals had an ultrasonography (US) examination. RESULTS We observed a prevalence of O. felineus infection of 60.2%. Significant risk factors for infection were the consumption of river fish (odds ratio from adjusted analysis [aOR] 2.4, 95% CI 1.52-3.95, p<0.001), particularly stock fish (OR from multivariable analysis [mOR] 3.2, 95% CI 2.63-3.80, p<0.001), smoked fish (mOR 1.5, 95% CI 1.24-1.72, p<0.001), frozen fish (mOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.29-2.02, p<0.001), and raw fish (mOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.05-1.84, p = 0.02); and fishing activities (mOR 1.2, 95% CI 1.03-1.43, p = 0.019). Women had a higher risk of infection than men. Infection was associated positively with age and negatively with socio-economic status. The respondents' general awareness of opisthorchiasis was quite high (93.2%), but their knowledge about infection transmission and prevention was insufficient. Children aged 7-18 years old had a lower level of awareness compared to adults. The abdominal ultrasonography results demonstrated a strong association between O. felineus infection and gallbladder stones (mOR 2.8, 95% CI 1.33-6.04, p = 0.007) and periductal fibrosis of intrahepatic bile ducts (mOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.08-3.46, p = 0.026). CONCLUSION O. felineus infection is highly prevalent in rural regions of Western Siberia, and associated with severe hepatobiliary pathology. Identified risk factors will be used to develop a comprehensive targeted O. felineus infection control program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga S. Fedorova
- Department of Faculty Pediatrics, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation
- * E-mail:
| | - Marina M. Fedotova
- Department of Faculty Pediatrics, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Olga I. Zvonareva
- Department of Health, Ethics and Society, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Central Research laboratory, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | | | - Yulia V. Kovshirina
- Department of Infectious diseases and Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana S. Sokolova
- Department of Faculty Pediatrics, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina A. Golovach
- Department of Faculty Pediatrics, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Anna E. Kovshirina
- Department of Faculty Pediatrics, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Uliana V. Konovalova
- Department of Faculty Pediatrics, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan L. Kolomeets
- Department of Faculty Pediatrics, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey S. Gutor
- Central Research laboratory, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Vyacheslav A. Petrov
- Central Research laboratory, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Jan Hattendorf
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ludmila M. Ogorodova
- Department of Faculty Pediatrics, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Peter Odermatt
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Vale N, Gouveia MJ, Gärtner F, Brindley PJ. Oxysterols of helminth parasites and pathogenesis of foodborne hepatic trematodiasis caused by Opisthorchis and Fasciola species. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:1443-1453. [PMID: 32206886 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06640-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The foodborne trematodiases refer to a cluster of zoonotic neglected tropical diseases caused by trematodes, with transmission involving ingestion of contaminated plants, fishes, and crustaceans. Over 40 million people are infected with foodborne trematodes and 750 million are at risk of infection. From a public health point of view, important species include Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini, Opisthorchis felineus, Fasciola hepatica, and Fasciola gigantica. Infection with C. sinensis and O. viverrini is classified as a group 1 biological carcinogen and a major risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma. The carcinogenic potential of the infection with O. felineus is less clear but recent biochemical and histopathological findings revealed that opisthorchiasis felinea also fits this pattern. By contrast, evidence of carcinogenic potential of infection with F. hepatica or F. gigantica, close phylogenetics relatives of Opisthorchis, is less certain. Oxysterols have been essentially described in animal model of opisthorchiasis and associated cholangiocarcinoma. Several oxysterol-like metabolites have been detected not only on developmental stages of O. viverrini and O. felineus but also on biofluids from experimentally infected hamsters as products of the activities of the liver flukes. These sterol derivatives are metabolized to active quinones that can modify host DNA. We have postulated that helminth parasite-associated sterols might induce tumor-like phenotypes in biliary epithelia, the cells of origin of liver fluke infection-associated cholangiocarcinoma, through the formation of DNA adducts, dysregulation of apoptosis, and other homeostatic pathways. Here we review, interpret, and discuss findings of oxysterol-like metabolites detected in liver flukes and their role in carcinogenesis, aiming to enhance understanding the pathogenesis of foodborne trematodiasis caused by Opisthorchis and Fasciola species. In future, further investigations will be necessary in order to comprehend relationship between liver flukes' oxysterols and their role in infection-associated diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Vale
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal. .,Department of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo 228, Porto, Portugal. .,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal. .,i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria João Gouveia
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo 228, Porto, Portugal.,Center for the Study of Animal Science, CECA - ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira Apt 55142, 4051-401, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Gärtner
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo 228, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paul J Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
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32
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Salao K, Spofford EM, Price C, Mairiang E, Suttiprapa S, Wright HL, Sripa B, Edwards SW. Enhanced neutrophil functions during Opisthorchis viverrini infections and correlation with advanced periductal fibrosis. Int J Parasitol 2020; 50:145-152. [PMID: 32006550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Millions of people are infected with the liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini (OV), but only ~25% of those infected develop liver disease and even fewer develop cholangiocarcinoma. The reasons for these differential outcomes following infection are unknown but it has been proposed that differential immune responses to the parasite may play a role. We therefore measured granulocyte (neutrophil) function in OV-infected individuals, with and without advanced periductal fibrosis, to determine if these cells have a "pro-inflammatory" phenotype that may contribute to liver disease post-infection. A case-controlled study (n = 54 in each cohort) from endemic OV-infected areas of northeastern Thailand measured neutrophil functions in whole blood from non-infected (healthy controls) and OV-infected individuals with and without APF. We measured reactive oxygen species production, phagocytosis, receptor expression and apoptosis. Secreted products from OV cultures (obtained after in vitro culture of parasites) stimulated reactive oxygen species production in non-infected healthy controls, but levels were two-fold greater after OV infection (P < 0.0001); neutrophil reactive oxygen species production in individuals with APF was double that observed in those without APF (P < 0.0001). OV-infected neutrophils had elevated CD11b expression and greater phagocytic capacity, which was even three-fold higher in those with advanced periductal fibrosis (P < 0.0001). This "activated" phenotype of circulating neutrophils was further confirmed by the observation that isolated neutrophils had delayed apoptosis ex vivo. We believe this is the first study to show that circulating blood neutrophil function is enhanced following OV infection and is more activated in those with advanced periductal fibrosis. We propose that this activated phenotype could contribute to the pathology of liver disease. These data support the hypothesis of an activated innate inflammatory phenotype following OV infection and provide the first evidence for involvement of neutrophils in disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanin Salao
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Edward M Spofford
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Charlotte Price
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Eimorn Mairiang
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sutas Suttiprapa
- Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Helen L Wright
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Steven W Edwards
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK.
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Arora N, Kaur R, Anjum F, Tripathi S, Mishra A, Kumar R, Prasad A. Neglected Agent Eminent Disease: Linking Human Helminthic Infection, Inflammation, and Malignancy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:402. [PMID: 31867284 PMCID: PMC6909818 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminthic parasitic infection is grossly prevalent across the globe and is considered a significant factor in human cancer occurrence induced by biological agents. Although only three helminths (Schistosoma haematobium, Clonorchis sinensis, and Opisthorchis viverrini) so far have been directly associated with carcinogenesis; there are evidence suggesting the involvement of other species too. Broadly, human helminthiasis can cause chronic inflammation, genetic instability, and host immune modulation by affecting inter- and intracellular communications, disruption of proliferation-anti-proliferation pathways, and stimulation of malignant stem cell progeny. These changes ultimately lead to tumor development through the secretion of soluble factors that interact with host cells. However, the detailed mechanisms by which helminths introduce and promote malignant transformation of host cells are still not clear. Here, we reviewed the current understanding of immune-pathogenesis of helminth parasites, which have been associated with carcinogenesis, and how these infections initiate carcinogenesis in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naina Arora
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, India
| | - Rimanpreet Kaur
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, India
| | - Farhan Anjum
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, India
| | - Shweta Tripathi
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Institute for Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR), Palampur, India
| | - Amit Prasad
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhant Jain
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, North Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Madhumita Sengupta
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, North Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Jain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bhagwati Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Duangkumpha K, Stoll T, Phetcharaburanin J, Yongvanit P, Thanan R, Techasen A, Namwat N, Khuntikeo N, Chamadol N, Roytrakul S, Mulvenna J, Mohamed A, Shah AK, Hill MM, Loilome W. Urine proteomics study reveals potential biomarkers for the differential diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma and periductal fibrosis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221024. [PMID: 31425520 PMCID: PMC6699711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a primary malignant tumor of the epithelial lining of biliary track associated with endemic Opisthorchis viverrini (Ov) infection in northeastern Thailand. Ov-associated periductal fibrosis (PDF) is the precancerous lesion for CCA, and can be detected by ultrasonography (US) to facilitate early detection. However, US cannot be used to distinguish PDF from cancer. Therefore, the objective of this study was to discover and qualify potential urine biomarkers for CCA detection in at-risk population. Biomarker discovery was conducted on pooled urine samples, 42 patients per group, with PDF or normal bile duct confirmed by ultrasound. After depletion of high abundance proteins, 338 urinary proteins were identified from the 3 samples (normal-US, PDF-US, CCA). Based on fold change and literature review, 70 candidate proteins were selected for qualification by multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (MRM-MS) in 90 individual urine samples, 30 per group. An orthogonal signal correction projection to latent structures discriminant analysis (O-PLS-DA) multivariate model constructed from the 70 candidate biomarkers significantly discriminated CCA from normal and PDF groups (P = 0.003). As an independent validation, the expression of 3 candidate proteins was confirmed by immunohistochemistry in CCA tissues: Lysosome associated membrane glycoprotein 1 (LAMP1), lysosome associated membrane glycoprotein 2 (LAMP2) and cadherin-related family member 2 (CDHR2). Further evaluation of these candidate biomarkers in a larger cohort is needed to support their applicability in a clinical setting for screening and monitoring early CCA and for CCA surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassaporn Duangkumpha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Thomas Stoll
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jutarop Phetcharaburanin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Puangrat Yongvanit
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Raynoo Thanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Techasen
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nisana Namwat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Narong Khuntikeo
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nittaya Chamadol
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Proteomics Research Laboratory, Genome Institute, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Jason Mulvenna
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ahmed Mohamed
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alok K Shah
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michelle M Hill
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Watcharin Loilome
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Loeuillard E, Fischbach SR, Gores GJ, Ilyas SI. Animal models of cholangiocarcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:982-992. [PMID: 29627364 PMCID: PMC6177316 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive biliary tract malignancy with a poor overall prognosis. There is a critical need to develop effective targeted therapies for the treatment of this lethal disease. In an effort to address this challenge, preclinical in vivo studies have become paramount in understanding CCA carcinogenesis, progression, and therapy. Various CCA animal models exist including carcinogen-based models in which animals develop CCA after exposure to a carcinogen, genetically engineered mouse models in which genetic changes are induced in mice leading to CCA, murine syngeneic orthotopic models, as well as xenograft tumors derived from xenotransplantation of CCA cells, organoids, and patient-derived tissue. Each type has distinct advantages as well as shortcomings. In the ideal animal model of CCA, the tumor arises from the biliary tract in an immunocompetent host with a species-matched tumor microenvironment. Such a model would also be time-efficient, recapitulate the genetic and histopathological features of human CCA, and predict therapeutic response in humans. Recently developed biliary tract transduction and orthotopic syngeneic transplant mouse models encompass several of these elements. Herein, we review the different animal models of CCA, their advantages and deficiencies, as well as features which mimic human CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilien Loeuillard
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Samantha R Fischbach
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Sumera I Ilyas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
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Chamadol N, Khuntikeo N, Thinkhamrop B, Thinkhamrop K, Suwannatrai AT, Kelly M, Promthet S. Association between periductal fibrosis and bile duct dilatation among a population at high risk of cholangiocarcinoma: a cross-sectional study of cholangiocarcinoma screening in Northeast Thailand. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e023217. [PMID: 30898798 PMCID: PMC6475358 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess associations between periductal fibrosis (PDF) and bile duct dilatation (BDD) in ultrasonography (US) screening of population at risk of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) due to residence in an endemic area for Opisthorchis viverrini. CCA survival rates are low, and early identification of risk factors is essential. BDD is one symptom that can identify patients at risk of CCA. Detection of PDF by US can also identify at-risk patients, at an earlier stage of CCA development. Identification of association between PDF and BDD will inform screening practices for CCA risk, by increasing the viability of PDF screening for CCA risk. SETTING Nine tertiary care hospitals in Northeast Thailand. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS Study subjects in the Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP) in Northeast Thailand. CASCAP inclusion criteria are all residents of Northeast Thailand aged ≥40 years. Participants are recruited through CCA screening centres and through primary healthcare units. So far, 394 026 have been enrolled. METHODS PDF and BDD were identified through US. PDF was categorised into three groups, PDF1, 2 and 3, depending on their high echo locality in the peripheral, segmental and main bile duct, respectively. Associations between PDF and BDD were determined by adjusted OR and 95% CI using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS BDD was found in 6.6% of PDF3, 1.7% of PDF2 and 1.4% of PDF1 cases. Among PDF cases, especially in PDF3, BDD was found in men more than in women (8.9% and 4.6%, respectively). Compared with non-PDF, the association between PDF3 and BDD was highly significant (adjusted OR=5.74, 95% CI 4.57 to 7.21, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that there is a relationship between PDF and BDD, which is associated with CCA. Therefore, PDF can also be an indicator for suspected CCA diagnosis through US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nittaya Chamadol
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Narong Khuntikeo
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Bandit Thinkhamrop
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Section, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Data Management and Statistical Analysis Center (DAMASAC), Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kavin Thinkhamrop
- Data Management and Statistical Analysis Center (DAMASAC), Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Apiporn T Suwannatrai
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Matthew Kelly
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Supannee Promthet
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Section, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Saijuntha W, Sithithaworn P, Kiatsopit N, Andrews RH, Petney TN. Liver Flukes: Clonorchis and Opisthorchis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1154:139-180. [PMID: 31297762 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-18616-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini, and O. felineus are liver flukes of human and animal pathogens occurring across much of Europe and Asia. Nevertheless, they are often underestimated compared to other, better known neglected diseases in spite of the fact that many millions of people are infected and hundreds of millions are at risk. This is possibly because of the chronic nature of the infection and disease and that it takes several decades prior to a life-threatening pathology to develop. Several studies in the past decade have provided more information on the molecular biology of the liver flukes which clearly lead to better understanding of parasite biology, systematics, and population genetics. Clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis are characterized by a chronic infection that induces hepatobiliary inflammation, especially periductal fibrosis, which can be detected by ultrasonography. These chronic inflammations eventually lead to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a usually fatal bile duct cancer that develops in some infected individuals. In Thailand alone, opisthorchiasis-associated CCA kills up to 20,000 people every year and is therefore of substantial public health importance. Its socioeconomic impacts on impoverished families and communities are considerable. To reduce hepatobiliary morbidity and CCA, the primary intervention measures focus on control and elimination of the liver fluke. Accurate diagnosis of liver fluke infections in both human and other mammalian, snail and fish intermediate hosts, are important for achieving these goals. While the short-term goal of liver fluke control can be achieved by praziquantel chemotherapy, a comprehensive health education package targeting school children is believed to be more beneficial for a long-term goal/solution. It is recommended that a transdisciplinary research or multisectoral control approach including one health and/or eco health intervention strategy should be applied to combat the liver flukes, and hence contribute to reduction of cholangiocarcinoma in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weerachai Saijuntha
- Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Paiboon Sithithaworn
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Nadda Kiatsopit
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Ross H Andrews
- CASCAP, Faculty of Medicine, Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Trevor N Petney
- CASCAP, Faculty of Medicine, Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Paleontology and Evolution, State Museum of Natural History, Karlsruhe, Germany
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39
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Salao K, Watakulsin K, Mairiang E, Suttiprapa S, Tangkawattana S, Edwards SW, Sripa B. High macrophage activities are associated with advanced periductal fibrosis in chronic Opisthorchis viverrini infection. Parasite Immunol 2018; 41:e12603. [PMID: 30449026 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Liver fluke infection caused by Opisthorchis viverrini induces several hepatobiliary conditions including advanced periductal fibrosis (APF) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), but >25% of the infected population develops APF and 1% develop CCA. The innate immune response is the first line of defence, and macrophages are critical regulators of fibrosis. We hypothesized that macrophages from infected individuals have different capacities to either promote or suppress periductal fibrosis. We compared phagocytic activities of macrophages of healthy individuals and O viverrini-infected individuals ± APF, and found that macrophages from infected individuals with APF ingested significantly higher numbers of beads compared with healthy controls and O viverrini-infected individuals without APF. To further investigate proteolytic activity, we monitored real-time phagosomal proteolysis of beads conjugated to DQ-BODIPY-BSA using live cell imaging. We show that macrophages from O viverrini-infected individuals with APF also have elevated phagosomal proteolysis activity, which is consistent with their increased phagocytic activity. Additionally, stimulated ROS production by blood monocytes was higher in individuals with APF compared with healthy controls and infected individuals without APF. These results suggest that during O viverrini infection, macrophages with high phagocytic and proteolytic activities together with elevated ROS production are the phenotypes that can promote tissue damage, which results in periductal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanin Salao
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Krongkarn Watakulsin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Eimorn Mairiang
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sutas Suttiprapa
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Tropical Medicine Graduate Program (International Program), Academic Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sirikachorn Tangkawattana
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Steven W Edwards
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Banchob Sripa
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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40
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Prueksapanich P, Piyachaturawat P, Aumpansub P, Ridtitid W, Chaiteerakij R, Rerknimitr R. Liver Fluke-Associated Biliary Tract Cancer. Gut Liver 2018; 12:236-245. [PMID: 28783896 PMCID: PMC5945254 DOI: 10.5009/gnl17102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive cancer arising from epithelial cells of the bile duct. Most patients with CCA have an unresectable tumor at the time of diagnosis. In Western countries, the risk of CCA increases in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis, whereas liver fluke infection appears to be the major risk factor for CCA in Asian countries. A diagnosis of liver fluke infection often relies on stool samples, including microscopic examination, polymerase chain reaction-based assays, and fluke antigen detection. Tests of serum, saliva and urine samples are also potentially diagnostic. The presence of liver fluke along with exogenous carcinogens magnifies the risk of CCA in people living in endemic areas. The “liver fluke-cholangiocarcinoma” carcinogenesis pathways consist of mechanical damage to the bile duct epithelium, immunopathologic and cellular reactions to the liver fluke’s antigens and excretory/secretory products, liver fluke-induced changes in the biliary tract microbiome and the effects of repeated treatment for liver fluke. A vaccine and novel biomarkers are needed for the primary and secondary prevention of CCA in endemic areas. Importantly, climate change exerts an effect on vector-borne parasitic diseases, and awareness of liver fluke should be enhanced in potentially migrated habitat areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyapan Prueksapanich
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panida Piyachaturawat
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prapimphan Aumpansub
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wiriyaporn Ridtitid
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Roongruedee Chaiteerakij
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rungsun Rerknimitr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
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41
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Social defeat stress exacerbates the blood abnormalities in Opisthorchis felineus-infected mice. Exp Parasitol 2018; 193:33-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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42
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Harrington D, Lamberton PHL, McGregor A. Human liver flukes. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2:680-689. [PMID: 28786389 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(17)30111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver fluke infections occur in people worldwide. In some low-income regions, a combination of ecological, agricultural, and culinary factors leads to a very high prevalence of infection but, in higher-income regions, infections are uncommon. Infection is associated with substantial morbidity and several liver fluke species are recognised as biological carcinogens. Here, we review the epidemiology, clinical significance, and diagnostic and treatment strategies of human infection with these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Harrington
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Poppy H L Lamberton
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health, and Comparative Medicine, and Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alastair McGregor
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Saltykova IV, Petrov VA, Brindley PJ. Opisthorchiasis and the Microbiome. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2018; 102:1-23. [PMID: 30442306 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The liver flukes Opisthorchis viverrini, O. felineus, and Clonorchis sinensis are closely related fish-borne trematodes endemic in East Asia, Eurasia, and Siberia. Following ingestion, the parasites locate to the biliary tree, where chronic infection frequently leads to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Infection with C. sinensis or O. viverrini is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Infection with O. felineus may also be carcinogenic. The mechanism(s) by which infection with these liver flukes culminates in CCA remain elusive, although they are likely to be multi-factorial. Not yet well studied is the influence of opisthorchiasis on the microbiome of the host despite reports that helminth parasites are capable of affecting the microbiome, potentially modulating gastrointestinal inflammation in response to the appearance of pathogenic strains of bacteria. Here, we review recent findings related to opisthorchiasis and the microbiome and related issues. In the hamster, a tractable model of infection with liver fluke and of infection-induced biliary morbidity and CCA, infection with O. viverrini perturbs the microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract, including increasing numbers of Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, and others, while decreasing Porphyromonadaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Eubacteriaceae. In addition, a complex microbial community associates with the parasites within the biliary tree, including Helicobacter pylori and related bacteria. Moreover, higher rates of infection with Helicobacter occur in Thailand in persons with opisthorchiasis in a liver fluke infection intensity-dependent manner. Experimental infection of hamsters with Opisthorchis felineus results in increased alpha diversity of the microbiota diversity in the biliary tract. In humans, infection with O. felineus modifies the composition of the biliary microbiome, with increasing numbers of species of Klebsiella, Aggregatibacter, Lactobacillus, Treponema, and others. Several phylotypes of Archaea occurred solely in bile from persons infected with O. felineus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Saltykova
- Siberian State Medical University, Central Research Laboratory, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Vyacheslav A Petrov
- Siberian State Medical University, Central Research Laboratory, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Paul J Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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44
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Young ND, Gasser RB. Opisthorchis viverrini Draft Genome - Biomedical Implications and Future Avenues. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2018; 101:125-148. [PMID: 29907252 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Opisthorchiasis is a neglected tropical disease of major proportion, caused by the carcinogenic, Asian liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini. This hepatobiliary disease is known to be associated with malignant cancer (cholangiocarcinoma, CCA) and affects millions of people in Southeast Asia. No vaccine is available, and only one drug (praziquantel) is routinely employed against the parasite. Despite technological advances, little is known about the molecular biology of the fluke itself and the disease complex that it causes in humans. The advent of high-throughput nucleic acid sequencing and bioinformatic technologies is enabling researchers to gain global insights into the molecular pathways and processes in parasites. The principal aims of this chapter are to (1) review molecular research of O. viverrini and opisthorchiasis; (2) provide an account of recent advances in the sequencing and characterization of the genome and transcriptomes of O. viverrini; (3) describe the complex life of this worm in the biliary system of the definitive (human) host and how the fluke interacts with this host and causes disease at the molecular level; (4) discuss the implications of systems biological research and (5) consider how progress in genomics and informatics might enable explorations of O. viverrini and related worms and the discovery of new interventions against opisthorchiasis and CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil D Young
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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45
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Chaidee A, Onsurathum S, Intuyod K, Pannangpetch P, Pongchaiyakul C, Pinlaor P, Pairojkul C, Ittiprasert W, Cochran CJ, Mann VH, Brindley PJ, Pinlaor S. Co-occurrence of opisthorchiasis and diabetes exacerbates morbidity of the hepatobiliary tract disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006611. [PMID: 29953446 PMCID: PMC6040770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Complications arising from infection with the carcinogenic liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini cause substantial morbidity and mortality in Thailand and adjacent lower Mekong countries. In parallel, the incidence rate of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing in this same region, and indeed worldwide. Many residents in opisthorchiasis-endemic regions also exhibit DM, but the hepatobiliary disease arising during the co-occurrence of these two conditions remains to be characterized. Here, the histopathological profile during co-occurrence of opisthorchiasis and DM was investigated in a rodent model of human opisthorchiasis in which diabetes was induced with streptozotocin. The effects of excretory/secretory products from the liver fluke, O. viverrini (OVES) on hepatocyte and cholangiocyte responses during hyperglycemic conditions also were monitored. Both the liver fluke-infected hamsters (OV group) and hamsters with DM lost weight compared to control hamsters. Weight loss was even more marked in the hamsters with both opisthorchiasis and DM (OD group). Hypertrophy of hepatocytes, altered biliary canaliculi, and biliary hyperplasia were more prominent in the OD group, compared with OV and DM groups. Profound oxidative DNA damage, evidenced by 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and periductal fibrosis characterized the OD compared to OV and DM hamsters. Upregulation of expression of cytokines in response to infection and impairment of the pathway for insulin receptor substrate (IRS)/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling attended these changes. In vitro, OVES and glucose provoked time- and dose-dependent effects on the proliferation of both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. In overview, the co-occurrence of opisthorchiasis and diabetes exacerbated pathophysiological damage to the hepatobiliary tract. We speculate that opisthorchiasis and diabetes together aggravate hepatobiliary pathogenesis through an IRS/PI3K/AKT-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apisit Chaidee
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sudarat Onsurathum
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kitti Intuyod
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | | | - Porntip Pinlaor
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chawalit Pairojkul
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Wannaporn Ittiprasert
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Christina J. Cochran
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Victoria H. Mann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Paul J. Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Somchai Pinlaor
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Thongchot S, Ferraresi A, Vidoni C, Loilome W, Yongvanit P, Namwat N, Isidoro C. Resveratrol interrupts the pro-invasive communication between cancer associated fibroblasts and cholangiocarcinoma cells. Cancer Lett 2018; 430:160-171. [PMID: 29802929 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), the cancer arising from the epithelial cells of bile ducts, is a prototype of inflammatory-driven cancer. Cytokines released by cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a pivotal role in CCA progression, driving the epigenetic Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal transition and the growth and metastasization of CCA cells. Consistently, the conditioned medium from CCA-derived CAFs further stimulated the secretion of IL-6, and to a lesser extent of IL-8, by CCA cells. CCA has a poor prognosis, because of late diagnosis and of high resistance to radio- and chemo-therapy of CCA cells. Targeting the CAFs and their secretion could be an alternative option. We found that while IL-6 indeed promoted the cell migration of invasive CCA cells, the nutraceutical Resveratrol strongly counteracted this effect both in CCA cells and in immortalized cholangiocytes. More importantly, here we show that Resveratrol has the potential to abrogate the secretion of IL-6 by CAFs. While the conditioned medium from CAFs strongly induced IL-6 mediated motility of CCA cells, the conditioned medium from CAFs pre-treated with Resveratrol completely halted cancer cell motility and reverted the N-to E-cadherin switch in migrating cells. This effect was associated with stimulation of autophagy in the cancer cells. This is the first demonstration that CAFs secretory products directly affect the regulation of autophagy and consequently the behavior of CCA cells, and that a nutraceutical may revert the malignant phenotype of cancer cells by acting on CAFs metabolism and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyanee Thongchot
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università Del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, 28100, Italy; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institution, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Alessandra Ferraresi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università Del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Chiara Vidoni
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università Del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Watcharin Loilome
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institution, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Puangrat Yongvanit
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institution, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Nisana Namwat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institution, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Ciro Isidoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università Del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, 28100, Italy.
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Scholte LLS, Pascoal-Xavier MA, Nahum LA. Helminths and Cancers From the Evolutionary Perspective. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:90. [PMID: 29713629 PMCID: PMC5911458 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Helminths include free-living and parasitic Platyhelminthes and Nematoda which infect millions of people worldwide. Some Platyhelminthes species of blood flukes (Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma japonicum, and Schistosoma mansoni) and liver flukes (Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini) are known to be involved in human cancers. Other helminths are likely to be carcinogenic. Our main goals are to summarize the current knowledge of human cancers caused by Platyhelminthes, point out some helminth and human biomarkers identified so far, and highlight the potential contributions of phylogenetics and molecular evolution to cancer research. Human cancers caused by helminth infection include cholangiocarcinoma, colorectal hepatocellular carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and urinary bladder cancer. Chronic inflammation is proposed as a common pathway for cancer initiation and development. Furthermore, different bacteria present in gastric, colorectal, and urogenital microbiomes might be responsible for enlarging inflammatory and fibrotic responses in cancers. Studies have suggested that different biomarkers are involved in helminth infection and human cancer development; although, the detailed mechanisms remain under debate. Different helminth proteins have been studied by different approaches. However, their evolutionary relationships remain unsolved. Here, we illustrate the strengths of homology identification and function prediction of uncharacterized proteins from genome sequencing projects based on an evolutionary framework. Together, these approaches may help identifying new biomarkers for disease diagnostics and intervention measures. This work has potential applications in the field of phylomedicine (evolutionary medicine) and may contribute to parasite and cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa L. S. Scholte
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Vice-Presidência de Pesquisa e Coleções Biológicas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A. Pascoal-Xavier
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departamento de Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Laila A. Nahum
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Faculdade Promove de Tecnologia, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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48
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Research progress of cholangiocarcinoma induced by liver fluke infection. INFECTION INTERNATIONAL 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/ii-2018-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractA liver fluke is a digenetic trematode parasitizing in the hepatic ducts of human beings or animals. Patients with liver fluke infection suffer from a series of hepatobiliary diseases. The prevalence of cholangiocarcinoma is significantly high in areas with a high incidence of clonorchiasis. A liver fluke is an important biocarcinogenic factor in the occurrence of cholangiocarcinoma. The secretory products of the body of this parasite and long-term mechanical stimulation induce continuous inflammation of the bile duct. Gene expression of the bile duct cells is imbalanced, leading to carcinogenesis of the bile duct. This article provides a summary of recent studies on the epidemiology, clinicopathology, and molecular biology of cholangiocarcinoma induced by liver fluke infection.
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49
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Wangboon C, Yongvanit P, Loilome W, Thanan R, Worasith C, Eamudomkarn C, Chamadol N, Mairiang E, Sithithaworn J, Saichua P, Sripa B, Khuntikeo N, Bethony JM, Sithithaworn P. Elevated Levels of Urinary 8-oxodG Correlate with Persistent Periductal Fibrosis after Praziquantel Treatment in Chronic Opisthorchiasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 98:1763-1769. [PMID: 29637887 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that urinary 8-oxodG is a predictive biomarker for Opisthorchis viverrini (OV)-associated hepatobiliary disease (HBD) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). This study examined the effects of praziquantel treatment on the profile of urinary 8-oxodG in relation to HBD status. Infection with OV, levels of urinary 8-oxodG, and HBD status in terms of periductal fibrosis (PDF) assessed by abdominal ultrasonography (US) were monitored and compared in cohorts of participants in Khon Kaen, Thailand, before and 1 year after praziquantel treatment. Urinary 8-oxodG levels significantly decreased after treatment compared with the baseline level in OV-infected participants who had no HBD (PDF negative; PDF-ve) (N = 14). Levels of 8-oxodG were unchanged after treatment in OV-infected subjects (OV+ve) who had positive PDF (N = 52). Within the positive PDF (PDF+ve) group who became PDF-ve after treatment, there was no significant change in 8-oxodG levels between pre-and posttreatment (reversible PDF = 65.3%). In those who had persistent PDF+ve at both ultrasound sampling points, there was no significant difference in urinary 8-oxodG levels between pre- and posttreatment (persistent PDF = 34.6%). Based on a logistic regression model and receiver operation curve analysis, the increase of 8-oxodG levels was found to be associated with increasing risk of PDF. Measurement of urinary 8-oxodG and US increased the likelihood of discovering persistent PDF, which is a predictable condition for the patients at risk of OV-associated CCA. To identify high-risk individuals for CCA, it is useful to perform US in combination with urinary 8-oxodG measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chompunoot Wangboon
- Faculty of Graduate School, Biomedical Science Program, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Puangrat Yongvanit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Watcharin Loilome
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Raynoo Thanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chanika Worasith
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chatanun Eamudomkarn
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nittaya Chamadol
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Eimorn Mairiang
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Prasert Saichua
- Tropical Disease Research Center, Tropical Medicine International Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Narong Khuntikeo
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Jeffrey M Bethony
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Paiboon Sithithaworn
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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50
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Preface. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-308x(18)30046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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