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Guzmán-Ortiz FA, Peñas E, Frias J, Castro-Rosas J, Martínez-Villaluenga C. How germination time affects protein hydrolysis of lupins during gastroduodenal digestion and generation of resistant bioactive peptides. Food Chem 2024; 433:137343. [PMID: 37672948 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Germination time is a critical factor that influences the digestibility and bioactivity of proteins in pulses. The objective was to understand the effect of sprouting time on protein hydrolysis (PH) and the release of bioactive peptides during digestion of lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) to provide recommendations on the optimum germination time for maximum nutritional and health benefits. Protein hydrolysis was monitored during germination and digestion by gel electrophoresis, size exclusion chromatography, and the analysis of soluble protein (SP), peptides (PEP), free amino acids (FAA) and free amino groups. The anti-inflammatory activity of intestinal digests was investigated in cell culture assays. Peptidomic and in silico analyses of intestinal digesta were conducted to identify digestion-resistant bioactive fragments. Germination time increased SP, PEP, and FAA. During digestion, the PH and release of small peptides was higher in sprouted lupin than control flour. Intestinal digests from sprouted lupin flour for 7 days exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory activity. In this sample, 11 potential bioactive peptides were identified. These findings open the exploration of novel food formulations based on sprouted lupins with higher protein digestibility and health-promoting potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Araceli Guzmán-Ortiz
- CONAHCYT-Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km 4.5 s/n, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo 42184, Mexico.
| | - Elena Peñas
- Department of Technological Processes and Biotechnology, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Jose Antonio Novais 6, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Frias
- Department of Technological Processes and Biotechnology, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Jose Antonio Novais 6, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Castro-Rosas
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km 4.5 s/n, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo 42184, Mexico
| | - Cristina Martínez-Villaluenga
- Department of Technological Processes and Biotechnology, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Jose Antonio Novais 6, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Wang Y, Hernández-Alvarez AJ, Goycoolea FM, Martínez-Villaluenga C. A comparative study of the digestion behavior and functionality of protein from chia ( Salvia hispanica L.) ingredients and protein fractions. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 8:100684. [PMID: 38323027 PMCID: PMC10845256 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein derived from chia (Salvia hispanica L.), characterized by a balanced amino acid composition, represents a potentially healthier and environmentally friendly alternative poised for innovation within the plant-based food sector. It was hypothesized that the growing location of chia seeds and processing techniques used might influence protein digestion patterns, which in turn could affect the biological functions of the digestion products. To examine this hypothesis, we assessed the gastrointestinal fate of degummed-defatted flour (DDF), protein concentrate (PC), and isolated albumin (Alb) and globulin (Glo) fractions. Furthermore, we compared the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the resulting digesta by means of in vitro and cellular assays. Post-gastrointestinal digestion, the PC exhibited elevated levels of soluble protein (7.6 and 6.3 % for Mexican and British PC, respectively) and peptides (24.8 and 27.9 %, respectively) of larger molecular sizes compared to DDF, Alb, and Glo. This can be attributed to differences in the extraction/fractionation processes. Leucine was found to be the most prevalent amino acids in all chia digesta. Such variations in the digestive outcomes of chia protein components significantly influenced the bioactivity of the intestinal digestates. During gastrointestinal transit, British Glo exhibited the best reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibition activity in oxidative-stressed RAW264.7 macrophages, while Mexican digesta outperformed British samples in terms of ROS inhibition within the oxidative-stressed Caco-2 cells. Additionally, both Mexican and British Alb showed effectively anti-inflammatory potential, with keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) inhibition rate of 82 and 91 %, respectively. Additionally, Mexican PC and Alb generally demonstrated an enhanced capacity to mitigate oxidative stress and inflammatory conditions in vitro. These findings highlight the substantial potential of chia seeds as functional food ingredients, resonating with the shifting preferences of health-conscious consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | - Cristina Martínez-Villaluenga
- Department of Technological Processes and Biotechnology, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Jose Antonio Novais 6, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Kusumah J, Castañeda-Reyes ED, Bringe NA, Gonzalez de Mejia E. Soybean ( Glycine max) INFOGEST Colonic Digests Attenuated Inflammatory Responses Based on Protein Profiles of Different Varieties. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12396. [PMID: 37569771 PMCID: PMC10418973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean compounds have been established to modulate inflammation, but less is known about how whole soybean compositions work together after digestion. The objective was to evaluate and compare the anti-inflammatory responses of different soybean varieties under simulated gastrointestinal digestion, with additional consideration of the glycinin:β-conglycinin ratio (GBR). Soybean colonic digests (SCD) inhibited cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 (25-82%), 5-lipoxidase (LOX) (18-35%), and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) (8-61%). Varieties 88, GN3, and 93 were the most effective inhibitors. SCD (1 mg/mL) of varieties 81 and GN1 significantly (p < 0.05) reduced nitrite production by 44 and 47%, respectively, compared to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. SCD effectively reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 (50 and 80% for 96 and GN1, respectively). Western blot results showed a decrease in the expression of iNOS, p65, and p50. The GBR was in the range of 0.05-1.57. Higher ratio correlated with higher production of IL-1β (r = 0.44) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α, r = 0.56). Inflammatory microarray results showed a significant decrease in expression of markers granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-6 in cells treated with GN1 SCD compared to LPS. The results suggested that SCD exerted its anti-inflammatory potential through nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κΒ) pathway inhibition by decreasing the levels of NF-κB-dependent cytokines and subunits, and inhibition of pro-inflammatory enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kusumah
- 228 Edward R Madigan Lab, Department Food Science, and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (J.K.); (E.D.C.-R.)
| | - Erick Damian Castañeda-Reyes
- 228 Edward R Madigan Lab, Department Food Science, and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (J.K.); (E.D.C.-R.)
| | | | - Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia
- 228 Edward R Madigan Lab, Department Food Science, and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (J.K.); (E.D.C.-R.)
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4
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Rebollo-Hernanz M, Bringe NA, Gonzalez de Mejia E. Selected Soybean Varieties Regulate Hepatic LDL-Cholesterol Homeostasis Depending on Their Glycinin:β-Conglycinin Ratio. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010020. [PMID: 36670883 PMCID: PMC9855081 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies indicate that the consumption of soybean protein might reduce cholesterol and LDL levels preventing the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. However, soybean variety can influence soybean protein profile and therefore affect soybean protein health-promoting properties. This study investigated the composition and effects of nineteen soybean varieties digested under simulated gastrointestinal conditions on hepatic cholesterol metabolism and LDL oxidation in vitro. Soybean varieties exhibited a differential protein hydrolysis during gastrointestinal digestion. Soybean varieties could be classified according to their composition (high/low glycinin:β-conglycinin ratio) and capacity to inhibit HMGCR (IC50 from 59 to 229 µg protein mL−1). According to multivariate analyses, five soybean varieties were selected. These soybean varieties produced different peptide profiles and differently reduced cholesterol concentration (43−55%) by inhibiting HMGCR in fatty-acid-stimulated HepG2 hepatocytes. Selected digested soybean varieties inhibited cholesterol esterification, triglyceride production, VLDL secretion, and LDL recycling by reducing ANGPTL3 and PCSK9 and synchronously increasing LDLR expression. In addition, selected soybean varieties hindered LDL oxidation, reducing the formation of lipid peroxidation early (conjugated dienes) and end products (malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal). The changes in HMGCR expression, cholesterol esterification, triglyceride accumulation, ANGPTL3 release, and malondialdehyde formation during LDL oxidation were significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with the glycinin:β-conglycinin ratio. Soybean varieties with lower glycinin:β-conglycinin exhibited a better potential in regulating cholesterol and LDL homeostasis in vitro. Consumption of soybean flour with a greater proportion of β-conglycinin may, consequently, improve the potential of the food ingredient to maintain healthy liver cholesterol homeostasis and cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Rebollo-Hernanz
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | - Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-217-244-3196
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Release of Bioactive Peptides from Erythrina edulis ( Chachafruto) Proteins under Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245256. [PMID: 36558415 PMCID: PMC9788341 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The estimated and concerning rise in world population over the next few years and the consequent increase in food demand will lead to a deterioration in global food security. To avoid or reduce this world crisis, informed and empowered consumers are turning to sustainable and nutrient-rich foods that substitute animal products, also reducing their associated environmental impact. Moreover, due to the demonstrated influence of diet on the risk of high incidence and mortality of noncommunicable diseases, the current established food pattern is focused on the consumption of foods that have functionality for health. Among these new foods, traditional and underutilized plants are gaining interest as alternative protein sources providing nutritional and biological properties. In this work, the potential of Erythrina edulis (chachafruto) proteins as a source of multifunctional peptides after transit through the gastrointestinal tract has been demonstrated, with antioxidant and immunostimulating effects in both biochemical assays and cell culture. While low molecular weight peptides released during the digestive process were found to be responsible for protection against oxidative stress mediated by their radical scavenging activity, high molecular weight peptides exerted immunostimulating effects by upregulation of immunoresponse-associated biomarkers. The findings of this study support the promising role of chachafruto proteins as a new antioxidant and immunostimulatory ingredient for functional foods and nutraceuticals.
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Das D, Sarkar S, Dihingia A, Afzal NU, Wann SB, Kalita J, Dewanjee S, Manna P. A popular fermented soybean food of Northeast India exerted promising antihyperglycemic potential via stimulating PI3K/AKT/AMPK/GLUT4 signaling pathways and regulating muscle glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14385. [PMID: 36069251 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the antidiabetic efficacy of popular fermented soybean foods (FSF) of Northeast (NE) India. Results showed that among different FSF, aqueous extract of Hawaijar (AEH), a traditional FSF of Manipur, NE India, significantly augmented glucose utilization in cultured myotubes treated with high glucose (HG, 25 mM). Furthermore, AEH also upregulated glucose uptake, glucose-6-phosphate level, and phopho-PI3K/phospho-AKT/phospho-AMPK/GLUT4 protein expression in HG-treated myotubes. In vivo studies demonstrated that AEH supplementation (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg body weight/day, oral gavaging, 16 weeks) reduced body weight, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance in rats fed with high-fat diet (HFD). AEH supplementation stimulated phopho-PI3K/phospho-AKT/phospho-AMPK/GLUT4 signaling cascades involved in glucose metabolism of muscle tissues in diabetic rats. Chemical profiling of AEH (SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting, and HRMS) suggests the possible role of bioactive proteins/peptides and isoflavones underlying the antihyperglycemic potential AEH. Results from this study will be helpful for developing food-based prophylactics/therapeutics in managing hyperglycemia. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Fermented soybean foods are gaining acceptance due to multiple health benefits. This study for the first time reports the antidiabetic potential of Hawaijar, an indigenous fermented soybean food of North-East India. Higher abundance of bioactive compounds (isoflavones and proteins/peptides) in Hawaijar may be responsible for the alleviation of impaired glucose metabolism associated with diabetes. The findings may be helpful for the development of a novel therapeutic to achieve better control of hyperglycemia and improve the lives of the patient population with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Das
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjib Sarkar
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anjum Dihingia
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Nazim Uddin Afzal
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sawlang Borsingh Wann
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Center for Infectious Diseases, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Jatin Kalita
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Center for Infectious Diseases, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Prasenjit Manna
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Center for Infectious Diseases, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
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7
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Peptide release, radical scavenging capacity, and antioxidant responses in intestinal cells are determined by soybean variety and gastrointestinal digestion under simulated conditions. Food Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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8
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Investigating the cellular antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the novel peptides in lingzhi mushrooms. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11067. [PMID: 36303910 PMCID: PMC9593296 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The lingzhi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) is well known for its medicinal properties and has long played a role in traditional oriental medicine due to its health-giving benefits and potential to extend life expectancy. The mushroom contains a number of highly bioactive compounds and can also act as an excellent source of protein. This research investigated the peptides obtained from the protein hydrolysates of lingzhi mushrooms to assess their free radical scavenging abilities. These peptides were acquired via different proteases (Alcalase, Neutrase, papain, and pepsin-pancreatin) and were tested at a range of different concentrations (1.0%, 2.5%, and 5.0% w/v). The highest levels of 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activities were presented by lingzhi mushroom hydrolysate using 2.5% (w/v) pepsin-pancreatin after 6 h of digestion. The hydrolysate was then fractionated using 10, 5, 3, and 0.65 kDa molecular weight cut-off membranes. The results showed that the MW 0.65 kDa fraction had the highest level of free radical scavenging activity. Further analysis of this MW 0.65 kDa fraction began with another RP-HPLC fractionation technique to obtain three further sub-fractions. De novo peptide sequencing using electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was chosen as the optimum method for studying the F3 sub-fraction. DRVSIYGWG and ALLSISSF were discovered as new peptides with different antioxidant properties. Adenocarcinoma colon (Caco-2) cells showed the antioxidant action of these synthesized peptides. This activity was linked to peptide concentration. The peptides and their pure synthetic counterparts were found to reduce NO generation by RAW 264.7 macrophages without causing cytotoxicity. The results of gene expression reveal that the DRVSIYGWG and ALLSISSF peptides were able to cut the expression of the proinflammatory cytokine genes iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α, and COX-2 in the context of RAW 264.7 macrophages.
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Gharibzahedi SMT, Smith B, Altintas Z. Bioactive and health-promoting properties of enzymatic hydrolysates of legume proteins: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2548-2578. [PMID: 36200775 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2124399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study comprehensively reviewed the effect of controlled enzymatic hydrolysis on the bioactivity of pulse protein hydrolysates (PPHs). Proteolysis results in the partial structural unfolding of pulse proteins with an increase in buried hydrophobic groups of peptide sequences. The use of PPHs in a dose-dependent manner can enhance free radical scavenging and improve antioxidant activities regarding inhibition of lipid oxidation, ferric reducing power, metal ion chelation, and β-carotene bleaching inhibition. Ultrafiltered peptide fractions with low molecular weights imparted angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory effects during in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion and in vivo conditions. Ultrasonication, high-pressure pretreatments, and glycosylation as post-treatments can improve the antiradical, antioxidant, and ACE inhibitory activities of PPHs. The electrostatic attachment of pulse peptides to microbial cells can inhibit the growth and activity of bacteria and fungi. Bioactive pulse peptides can reduce serum cholesterol and triglycerides, and inhibit the formation of adipocyte lipid storage, allergenic factors, inflammatory markers, and arterial thrombus without cytotoxicity. The combination of germination and enzymatic hydrolysis can significantly increase the protein digestibility and bioavailability of essential amino acids. Moreover, the utilization and enrichment of bakery and meat products with functional PPHs ensure quality, safety, and health aspects of food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Maths, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Brennan Smith
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
- USDA-ARS-SRRC Food Processing and Sensory Quality, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Zeynep Altintas
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Maths, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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10
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The Functional Interplay between Gut Microbiota, Protein Hydrolysates/Bioactive Peptides, and Obesity: A Critical Review on the Study Advances. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020333. [PMID: 35204214 PMCID: PMC8868115 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet is an essential factor determining the ratio of pathogenic and beneficial gut microbiota. Hydrolysates and bioactive peptides have been described as crucial ingredients from food protein that potentially impact human health beyond their roles as nutrients. These compounds can exert benefits in the body, including modulation of the gut microbiota, and thus, they can reduce metabolic disorders. This review summarized studies on the interaction between hydrolysates/peptides, gut microbes, and obesity, focusing on how hydrolysates/peptides influence gut microbiota composition and function that improve body weight. Findings revealed that gut microbes could exert anti-obesity effects by controlling the host’s energy balance and food intake. They also exhibit activity against obesity-induced inflammation by changing the expression of inflammatory-related transcription factors. Protein hydrolysates/peptides can suppress the growth of pro-obesity gut bacteria but facilitate the proliferation of those with anti-obesity effects. The compounds provide growth factors to the beneficial gut bacteria and also improve their resistance against extreme pH. Hydrolysates/peptides are good candidates to target obesity and obesity-related complications. Thus, they can allow the development of novel strategies to fight incidences of obesity. Future studies are needed to understand absorption fate, utilization by gut microbes, and stability of hydrolysates/peptides in the gut under obesity.
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de Medeiros AF, de Queiroz JLC, Maciel BLL, de Araújo Morais AH. Hydrolyzed Proteins and Vegetable Peptides: Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms in Obesity and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030690. [PMID: 35277049 PMCID: PMC8838308 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation is present in overweight and obesity, causing changes in several metabolic pathways. It impairs systemic functioning and positively feeds back the accumulation of more adipose tissue. Studies with hydrolyzed proteins and plant peptides have demonstrated a potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effect of these peptides. However, it is challenging and necessary to explore the mechanism of action of such molecules because understanding their effects depends on their structural characterizations. Furthermore, the structure might also give insights into safety, efficacy and efficiency, with a view of a possible health application. Thus, the present narrative review aimed to discuss the mechanisms of action of hydrolyzed proteins and plant peptides as anti-inflammatory agents in obesity. Keywords and related terms were inserted into databases for the search. Based on the studies evaluated, these biomolecules act by different pathways, favoring the reduction of inflammatory cytokines and adipokines and the polarization of macrophages to the M2 phenotype. Finally, as a future perspective, bioinformatics is suggested as a tool to help understand and better use these molecules considering their applicability in pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Fernandes de Medeiros
- Postgraduate Biochemistry and Biology Molecular Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil; (A.F.d.M.); (J.L.C.d.Q.)
| | - Jaluza Luana Carvalho de Queiroz
- Postgraduate Biochemistry and Biology Molecular Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil; (A.F.d.M.); (J.L.C.d.Q.)
| | - Bruna Leal Lima Maciel
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil;
- Postgraduate Nutrition Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
| | - Ana Heloneida de Araújo Morais
- Postgraduate Biochemistry and Biology Molecular Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil; (A.F.d.M.); (J.L.C.d.Q.)
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil;
- Postgraduate Nutrition Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-84-9910-61887
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12
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Shi YJ, Zhao XH. Impact of the Plastein Reaction of Casein Hydrolysates in the Presence of Exogenous Amino Acids on Their Anti-Inflammatory Effect in the Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages. Foods 2022; 11:196. [PMID: 35053927 PMCID: PMC8775256 DOI: 10.3390/foods11020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, papain-generated casein hydrolysates (CH) with a degree of hydrolysis of 13.7% were subjected to a papain-mediated plastein reaction in the absence or presence of one of the exogenous amino acids-Gly, Pro, and Hyp-to prepare four plastein modifiers, or mixed with one of three amino acids to prepare three mixtures. The assay results confirmed that the reaction reduced free NH2 for the modifiers and caused amino acid incorporation and peptide condensation. When RAW264.7 macrophages were exposed to the CH, modifiers, and mixtures, these samples promoted macrophage growth and phagocytosis in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the CH shared similar activity in the cells as the mixtures, while the modifiers (especially the PCH-Hyp prepared with Hyp addition) exerted higher potential than CH, the mixtures, and PCH (the modifier prepared without amino acid addition). The plastein reaction thus enhanced CH bioactivity in the cells. When RAW264.7 macrophages were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the inflammatory cells produced more lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and caused more four inflammatory mediators (NO, PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-6) and two anti-inflammatory mediators (TGF-β1 and IL-10). However, the PCH-Hyp, PCH, and CH at dose levels of 100 μg/mL could combat against the LPS-induced inflammation. Overall, the PCH-Hyp was more active than the CH and PCH in reducing LDH release, ROS formation, and the secretion of these inflammatory mediators, or in increasing the secretion of the anti-inflammatory mediators. The qPCR and Western blot analysis results further confirmed that these samples had anti-inflammatory effects on the stimulated cells by suppressing the LPS-induced activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, via regulating the mRNA/miRNA expression of iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2, TLR4, IL-10, TGF-β1, miR-181a, miR-30d, miR-155, and miR-148, as well as the protein expression of MyD88, p-IKKα, p-IκBα, p-NF-κB p65, and iNOS, involved in this signaling pathway. In addition, the immunofluorescence assay results revealed that these samples could block the LPS-mediated nuclear translocation of the p65 protein and displayed the same function as the NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082. It was concluded that CH could be endowed with higher anti-inflammatory activity to the macrophages by performing a plastein reaction, particularly that in the presence of exogenous Hyp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jiao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Xin-Huai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
- Research Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Healthcare, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
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13
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Zhou C, Yang S, Zhang Y, Wu Q, Ye Z, Liu M, He P, Zhang Y, Li R, Liu C, Nie J, Qin X. Relations of Variety and Quantity of Dietary Proteins Intake from Different Sources with Mortality Risk: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:1078-1086. [PMID: 36519771 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relations of variety and quantity of dietary proteins intake from different sources with mortality risk were still controversial. We aimed to examine the associations of variety and quantity of different sourced proteins with all-cause mortality risk in adults and older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS 17,310 participants (mean age was 44.0 [SD: 15.9] years and 51.0% were females) with utilizable data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey were included. Dietary intake was collected using three consecutive 24-h dietary recalls combined with a household food inventory. The variety score of protein sources was defined as the number of proteins consumed at the appropriate level, accounting for both types and quantity of proteins. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 9.0 years, 1324 (7.6%) death cases were reported. There were reversed J-shaped relationships of percentages energy from total protein, and protein from legume with all-cause mortality; U-shaped relationships of proteins from unprocessed red meat, processed red meat, poultry and whole grain with all-cause mortality; L-shaped relationships of proteins from egg and fish with all-cause mortality; and a reversed L-shaped relationship of protein from refined grain with all-cause mortality (all P values for nonlinearity < 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant inverse association between the variety score of protein sources with overall mortality risk (per score increment, HR, 0.69; 95%CI, 0.66-0.72). CONCLUSIONS Greater variety of proteins with appropriate quantity from different food sources was associated with significantly lower risk of mortality in Chinese adults and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zhou
- Jing Nie, M.D or Xianhui Qin, M.D, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China, Emails: or
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14
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Nagaoka S, Takeuchi A, Banno A. Plant-derived peptides improving lipid and glucose metabolism. Peptides 2021; 142:170577. [PMID: 34033874 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Plant protein-derived peptides, focusing especially on soybean protein-derived peptides have considerable effects on metabolic regulation and modulation such as cholesterol lowering, triglyceride lowering, anti-obesity, inhibition of fatty acid synthase, and antidiabetic effects. The molecules targeted to study the metabolic regulatory functions of the peptides included the following: intestinal cholesterol micelle, cholesterol metabolism-related genes for cholesterol lowering, triglyceride metabolism-related genes for triglyceride lowering and anti-obesity, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), α-amylase, α-glucosidase, or glucose metabolism-related genes for lowering blood glucose levels. This review article outlines the physiological functions of plant protein-derived peptides for the improvement of lipid and glucose metabolism in vitro or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nagaoka
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Asahi Takeuchi
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Arata Banno
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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15
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Abstract
Legumes are an essential food source worldwide. Their high-quality proteins, complex carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and relatively low-fat content make these an important functional food. Known to possess a multitude of health benefits, legume consumption is associated with the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Legume crude protein isolates and purified peptides possess many cardiopreventive properties. Here, we review selected economically valued legumes, their taxonomy and distribution, biochemical composition, and their protein components and the mechanism(s) of action associated with cardiovascular health. Most of the legume protein studies had shown upregulation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor leading to increased binding and uptake, in effect significantly reducing total lipid levels in the blood serum and liver. This is followed by decreased biosynthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids. To understand the relationship of identified genes from legume studies, we performed gene network analysis, pathway, and gene ontology (GO) enrichment. Results showed that the genes were functionally interrelated while enrichment and pathway analysis revealed involvement in lipid transport, fatty acid and triglyceride metabolic processes, and regulatory processes. This review is the first attempt to collate all known mechanisms of action of legume proteins associated with cardiovascular health. This also provides a snapshot of possible targets leading to systems-level approaches to further investigate the cardiometabolic potentials of legumes.
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16
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Singh BP, Aluko RE, Hati S, Solanki D. Bioactive peptides in the management of lifestyle-related diseases: Current trends and future perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4593-4606. [PMID: 33506720 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1877109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle-related diseases constitute a major concern in the twenty-first century, with millions dying worldwide each year due to chosen lifestyles and associated complications such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Although synthetic drugs have been shown to be quite effective in the treatment of these conditions, safety of these compounds remains a concern. Natural alternatives to drugs include food-derived peptides are now being explored for the prevention and treatment of lifestyle-related complications. Peptides are fragments nascent in the primary protein sequences and could impart health benefits beyond basic nutritional advantages. Evidence suggests that by controlling adipocyte differentiation and lipase activities, bioactive peptides may be able to prevent obesity. Bioactive peptides act as agents against type 2 diabetes because of their ability to inhibit enzymatic activities of DPP-IV, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase. Moreover, bioactive peptides can act as competitive inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme, thus eliciting an antihypertensive effect. Bioactive peptides may have a hypocholesterolemic effect by inhibiting cholesterol metabolism pathways and cholesterol synthesis. This review addresses current knowledge of the impact of food-derived bioactive peptides on lifestyle diseases. In addition, future insights on the clinical trials, allergenicity, cytotoxicity, gastrointestinal stability, and regulatory approvals have also been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brij Pal Singh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Science, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Rotimi E Aluko
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Subrota Hati
- SMC College of Dairy Science, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Divyang Solanki
- SMC College of Dairy Science, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
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17
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Sandoval-Sicairos ES, Milán-Noris AK, Luna-Vital DA, Milán-Carrillo J, Montoya-Rodríguez A. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of peptides released from germinated amaranth during in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Food Chem 2020; 343:128394. [PMID: 33097329 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) is an ancestral nutritional grain and good source of bioactive compounds as peptides. In this study, the effect of in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGD) of germinated amaranth on the release of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory peptides was evaluated. The germinated amaranth peptides generated during SGD were released after 90 min of incubation with pancreatin and fractioned to F1 (>10 kDa), F2 (3-10 kDa), and F3 (<3 kDa). Among germinated amaranth peptides fractions tested, F2 had the highest antioxidant activity, while F1 and F2 exhibited a high anti-inflammatory response caused by lipopolysaccharide-induced in RAW 264.7 macrophages. A total of 11 peptides sequences were identified in the fractions evaluated, and they exhibit potential biological activity against non-communicable diseases. The findings from this study showed first time report on bioactive peptides, especially anti-inflammatory, from germinated amaranth released by in vitro gastrointestinal digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslim Sugey Sandoval-Sicairos
- Laboratorio de Nutracéuticos (18), Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Blv. de las Américas y Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez, S/N, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico; Programa Regional de Posgrado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Blv. de las Américas y Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez, S/N, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Ada Keila Milán-Noris
- Laboratorio de Nutracéuticos (18), Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Blv. de las Américas y Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez, S/N, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico; Programa Regional de Posgrado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Blv. de las Américas y Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez, S/N, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Diego Armando Luna-Vital
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Puebla, Vía Atlixcáyotl 2301, CP 72453 Puebla, Mexico
| | - Jorge Milán-Carrillo
- Laboratorio de Nutracéuticos (18), Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Blv. de las Américas y Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez, S/N, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico; Programa Regional de Posgrado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Blv. de las Américas y Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez, S/N, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Alvaro Montoya-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Nutracéuticos (18), Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Blv. de las Américas y Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez, S/N, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico; Programa Regional de Posgrado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Blv. de las Américas y Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez, S/N, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
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18
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Reyes-Díaz A, Del-Toro-Sánchez CL, Rodríguez-Figueroa JC, Valdéz-Hurtado S, Wong-Corral FJ, Borboa-Flores J, González-Osuna MF, Perez-Perez LM, González-Vega RI. Legume Proteins as a Promising Source of Anti-Inflammatory Peptides. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2020; 20:1204-1217. [PMID: 31208309 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190430110647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Legume proteins are precursors of bioactive components, such as peptides. In the present paper, different types of legume as sources of bioactive peptides and hydrolysates are considered and discussed based on their anti-inflammatory effect. Peptides with anti-inflammatory activity were included from in vitro and in vivo studies. Current strategies for obtaining bioactive peptides, as well as their structure and impact on health, were also reviewed. It was discovered that peptides derived from legume protein, mainly soybean and bean, can regulate several inflammatory markers, which include prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX- 2), cytokines, and chemokines. So far, lunasin, VPY and γ-glutamyl peptides have been identified with anti-inflammatory activity but their mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Furthermore, it is necessary to gather more information about hydrolysates containing peptides and single peptides with antiinflammatory activity. Considering the wide diversity, legume may be promising components to produce peptides efficient to ameliorate inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Reyes-Díaz
- Departamento de Investigacion y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, Col. Centro, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Carmen Lizette Del-Toro-Sánchez
- Departamento de Investigacion y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, Col. Centro, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - José Carlos Rodríguez-Figueroa
- Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica y Metalurgia, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, Col. Centro, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Santiago Valdéz-Hurtado
- Universidad Estatal de Sonora, Unidad Navojoa, Blvd. Manlio Fabio Beltrones 810, Col. Bugambilias, 85875, Navojoa, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Francisco Javier Wong-Corral
- Departamento de Investigacion y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, Col. Centro, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Jesús Borboa-Flores
- Departamento de Investigacion y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, Col. Centro, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - María Fernanda González-Osuna
- Departamento de Investigacion y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, Col. Centro, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Liliana Maribel Perez-Perez
- Departamento de Investigacion y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, Col. Centro, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Iván González-Vega
- Departamento de Investigacion y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, Col. Centro, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
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19
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Effect of heating on the digestibility of isolated hempseed (Cannabis sativa L.) protein and bioactivity of its pepsin-pancreatin digests. Food Chem 2020; 314:126198. [PMID: 31954285 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the effects of heat pretreatment and simulated gastrointestinal digestion on potential antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities of hempseed (Cannabis sativa L.) proteins. Unheated isolated hempseed protein (IHP) and its heated counterparts (100 °C, 15 min and 30 min, termed as HP15D and HP30D) were hydrolyzed sequentially with pepsin and pancreatin and analyzed for digestibility and bioactivity (antioxidant, anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties). Heat pretreatment led to an increase of low molecular weight proteins and degree of hydrolysis, and decrease of concentration of soluble protein, which means heat pretreated can significantly improve the digestibility of IHP. Pepsin-pancreatin digests released from heat pretreated IHP possessed less antioxidant, antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory properties than digests from unheated IHP. In conclusion, heat pre-treatment improved the digestibility of IHP but the resulting digests from heated IHP had lower bioactivity.
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20
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Moreno-Valdespino CA, Luna-Vital D, Camacho-Ruiz RM, Mojica L. Bioactive proteins and phytochemicals from legumes: Mechanisms of action preventing obesity and type-2 diabetes. Food Res Int 2019; 130:108905. [PMID: 32156360 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Fabaceae family of plants include a variety of seeds with multiple shapes, sizes, and colors; with a great diversity of bioactive compounds found in legume seeds. Legumes are an excellent source of protein, peptides and phytochemicals which are present in significant amounts. These bioactive compounds have been reported to reduce the risk of developing non-communicable diseases (NCD), such as obesity and type-2 diabetes. In this narrative review, we discuss the biological potential of bioactive compounds found in legumes and the health benefits associated with their consumption as an alternative approach in the management of NCD. Current extraction methods, characteristics of the bioactive compounds, and different in vitro and in vivo studies evaluating the bioactivity of legume bioactives are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia A Moreno-Valdespino
- Tecnología de Alimentos, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C, 44270 Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Diego Luna-Vital
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, United States
| | - Rosa M Camacho-Ruiz
- Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C, 44270 Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Luis Mojica
- Tecnología de Alimentos, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C, 44270 Guadalajara, Mexico.
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21
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Structural characterization of soybean milk particles during in vitro digestive/non-digestive simulation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Multifunctionality of lunasin and peptides released during its simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Food Res Int 2019; 125:108513. [PMID: 31554062 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, inflammation, and hypertension are recognized risk factors for non-communicable diseases. Because of the preventable character of these factors, the searching of dietary compounds with counteracting effects against them would provide a new framework for the development of novel multifunctional foods or nutraceuticals. Lunasin is a naturally occurring soybean peptide with chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory properties. Upon oral intake, lunasin is susceptible to the action of digestive enzymes during its transit through gastrointestinal tract. In spite of its cleavage into smaller peptides, these fragments have been suggested to contribute on the health beneficial effects attributed to lunasin. To confirm this hypothesis, the multifunctionality of lunasin derived-fragments was investigated. In vitro, peptides corresponding to the N-terminal and central regions of lunasin were demonstrated to inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme and to scavenge peroxyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radicals. Moreover, lunasin and fragments released during its gastrointestinal digestion exerted potent protective effects on cell viability and oxidative status in macrophages RAW264.7 challenged with chemicals tert-butylhydroperoxide and hydrogen peroxide. These peptides were also able to reduce the nitric oxide production in pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophages. These results confirm the promising role of lunasin and its derived-fragments as protective agents against oxidative damage and inflammation-associated diseases.
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23
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Milán-Noris AK, Gutiérrez-Uribe JA, Santacruz A, Serna-Saldívar SO, Martínez-Villaluenga C. Peptides and isoflavones in gastrointestinal digests contribute to the anti-inflammatory potential of cooked or germinated desi and kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Food Chem 2018; 268:66-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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24
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Chatterjee C, Gleddie S, Xiao CW. Soybean Bioactive Peptides and Their Functional Properties. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1211. [PMID: 30200502 PMCID: PMC6164536 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Soy consumption has been associated with many potential health benefits in reducing chronic diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, insulin-resistance/type II diabetes, certain type of cancers, and immune disorders. These physiological functions have been attributed to soy proteins either as intact soy protein or more commonly as functional or bioactive peptides derived from soybean processing. These findings have led to the approval of a health claim in the USA regarding the ability of soy proteins in reducing the risk for coronary heart disease and the acceptance of a health claim in Canada that soy protein can help lower cholesterol levels. Using different approaches, many soy bioactive peptides that have a variety of physiological functions such as hypolipidemic, anti-hypertensive, and anti-cancer properties, and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects have been identified. Some soy peptides like lunasin and soymorphins possess more than one of these properties and play a role in the prevention of multiple chronic diseases. Overall, progress has been made in understanding the functional and bioactive components of soy. However, more studies are required to further identify their target organs, and elucidate their biological mechanisms of action in order to be potentially used as functional foods or even therapeutics for the prevention or treatment of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Chatterjee
- Nutrition Research Division, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Banting Research Centre, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.
- Ottawa Research & Development Centre, Central Experimental Farm, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue Building#21, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada.
| | - Stephen Gleddie
- Ottawa Research & Development Centre, Central Experimental Farm, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue Building#21, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada.
| | - Chao-Wu Xiao
- Nutrition Research Division, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Banting Research Centre, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.
- Food and Nutrition Science Program, Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
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25
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Li S, Liu L, He G, Wu J. Molecular targets and mechanisms of bioactive peptides against metabolic syndromes. Food Funct 2018; 9:42-52. [PMID: 29188845 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01323j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are present in all living organisms and have critical roles ranging from protection against infection as the key element of innate immunity, regulating blood pressure and glucose levels, to reducing signs of ageing by killing senescent cells. Bioactive peptides are also encrypted within food protein sequences that can be released during proteolysis or food processing. These specific food protein fragments are reported to have potential for improving human health and preventing metabolic diseases through their impact on inflammation, blood pressure, obesity, and type-2 diabetes. This review mainly focuses on the molecular targets and the underlying mechanisms of bioactive peptides against various metabolic syndromes including inflammation, high blood pressure, obesity, and type-2 diabetes, to provide new insights and perspectives on the potential of bioactive peptides for management of metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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26
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de Campos Zani SC, Wu J, Chan CB. Egg and Soy-Derived Peptides and Hydrolysates: A Review of Their Physiological Actions against Diabetes and Obesity. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10050549. [PMID: 29710777 PMCID: PMC5986429 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes and obesity are two chronic conditions associated with the metabolic syndrome and their prevalences are increasing worldwide. The investigation of food protein-derived bioactive peptides that can improve the pathophysiology of diabetes or obesity while causing minimal side effects is desired. Egg and soy proteins generate bioactive peptides with multiple biological effects, exerting nutritional and physiological benefits. This review focuses on the anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects of egg- and soy-derived peptides and hydrolysates in vivo and in vitro relevant to these conditions. Studies using the intact protein were considered only when comparing the results with the hydrolysate or peptides. In vivo evidence suggests that bioactive peptides from egg and soy can potentially be used to manage elements of glucose homeostasis in metabolic syndrome; however, the mechanisms of action on glucose and insulin metabolism, and the interaction between peptides and their molecular targets remain unclear. Optimizing the production of egg- and soy-derived peptides and standardizing the physiological models to study their effects on diabetes and obesity could help to clarify the effects of these bioactive peptides in metabolic syndrome-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Catherine B Chan
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
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27
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González-Montoya M, Hernández-Ledesma B, Silván JM, Mora-Escobedo R, Martínez-Villaluenga C. Peptides derived from in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of germinated soybean proteins inhibit human colon cancer cells proliferation and inflammation. Food Chem 2018; 242:75-82. [PMID: 29037738 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to investigate the potential of germinated soybean proteins asa source of peptides with anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities produced after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Protein concentrate from germinated soybean was hydrolysed with pepsin/pancreatin and fractionated by ultrafiltration. Whole digest and fractions>10, 5-10, and<5kDa caused cytotoxicity to Caco-2, HT-29, HCT-116 human colon cancer cells, and reduced inflammatory response caused by lipopolysaccharide in macrophages RAW 264.7. Antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory effects were generally higher in 5-10kDa fractions. This fraction was further purified by semi-preparative chromatography and characterised by HPLC-MS/MS. The most potent fraction was mainly composed of β-conglycinin and glycinin fragments rich in glutamine. This is the first report on the anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects of newly isolated and identified peptides from germinated soybean released during gastrointestinal digestion. These findings highlight the potential of germination as a process to obtain functional foods or nutraceuticals for colon cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela González-Montoya
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Wilfrido Massieu s/n., 07738 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Blanca Hernández-Ledesma
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Silván
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosalva Mora-Escobedo
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Wilfrido Massieu s/n., 07738 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Marthandam Asokan S, Hung TH, Chiang WD, Lin WT. Lipolysis-Stimulating Peptide from Soybean Protects Against High Fat Diet-Induced Apoptosis in Skeletal Muscles. J Med Food 2018; 21:225-232. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.3941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shibu Marthandam Asokan
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tsu-Han Hung
- Department of Hospitality Management, College of Agriculture, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Dee Chiang
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wan-Teng Lin
- Department of Hospitality Management, College of Agriculture, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Rizzo G, Baroni L. Soy, Soy Foods and Their Role in Vegetarian Diets. Nutrients 2018; 10:E43. [PMID: 29304010 PMCID: PMC5793271 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soy is a basic food ingredient of traditional Asian cuisine used for thousands of years. In Western countries, soybeans have been introduced about a hundred years ago and recently they are mainly used for surrogate foods production. Soy and soy foods are common nutritional solutions for vegetarians, due to their high protein content and versatility in the production of meat analogues and milk substitutes. However, there are some doubts about the potential effects on health, such as the effectiveness on cardiovascular risk reduction or, conversely, on the possible disruption of thyroid function and sexual hormones. The soy components that have stimulated the most research interest are isoflavones, which are polyphenols with estrogenic properties highly contained in soybeans. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of soy and soy foods, focusing on their nutrient content, including phytoestrogens and other bioactive substances that are noteworthy for vegetarians, the largest soy consumers in the Western countries. The safety of use will also be discussed, given the growing trend in adoption of vegetarian styles and the new soy-based foods availability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Baroni
- Primary Care Unit, Northern District, Local Health Unit 2, 31100 Treviso, Italy.
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Lozano-Ojalvo D, López-Fandiño R. Immunomodulating peptides for food allergy prevention and treatment. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:1629-1649. [PMID: 28102702 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1275519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Among the most promising strategies currently assayed against IgE-mediated allergic diseases stands the possibility of using immunomodulating peptides to induce oral tolerance toward offending food allergens or even to prevent allergic sensitization. This review focuses on the beneficial effects of food derived immunomodulating peptides on food allergy, which can be directly exerted in the intestinal tract or once being absorbed through the intestinal epithelial barrier to interact with immune cells. Food peptides influence intestinal homeostasis by maintaining and reinforcing barrier function or affecting intestinal cell-signalling to nearby immune cells and mucus secretion. In addition, they can stimulate cells of the innate and adaptive immune system while supressing inflammatory responses. Peptides represent an attractive alternative to whole allergens to enhance the safety and efficacy of immunotherapy treatments. The conclusions drawn from curative and preventive experiments in murine models are promising, although there is a need for more pre-clinical studies to further explore the immunomodulating strategy and its mechanisms and for a deeper knowledge of the peptide sequence and structural requirements that determine the immunoregulatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lozano-Ojalvo
- a Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Rosina López-Fandiño
- a Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM) , Madrid , Spain
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31
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Bamdad F, Shin SH, Suh JW, Nimalaratne C, Sunwoo H. Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Casein Hydrolysate Produced Using High Hydrostatic Pressure Combined with Proteolytic Enzymes. Molecules 2017; 22:E609. [PMID: 28394279 PMCID: PMC6154324 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein-derived peptides are shown to possess radical scavenging and metal chelating properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate novel anti-inflammatory properties of casein hydrolysates (CH) produced by an eco-friendly process that combines high hydrostatic pressure with enzymatic hydrolysis (HHP-EH). Casein was hydrolysed by different proteases, including flavourzyme (Fla), savinase (Sav), thermolysin (Ther), trypsin (Try), and elastase (Ela) at 0.1, 50, 100, and 200 MPa pressure levels under various enzyme-to-substrate ratios and incubation times. Casein hydrolysates were evaluated for the degree of hydrolysis (DH), molecular weight distribution patterns, and anti-inflammatory properties in chemical and cellular models. Hydrolysates produced using HHP-EH exhibited higher DH values and proportions of smaller peptides compared to atmospheric pressure-enzymatic hydrolysis (AP-EH). Among five enzymes, Fla-digested HHP-EH-CH (HHP-Fla-CH) showed significantly higher antioxidant properties than AP-Fla-CH. The anti-inflammatory properties of HHP-Fla-CH were also observed by significantly reduced nitric oxide and by the suppression of the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealed that 59% of the amino acids of the peptides in HHP-Fla-CH were composed of proline, valine, and leucine, indicating the potential anti-inflammatory properties. In conclusion, the HHP-EH method provides a promising technology to produce bioactive peptides from casein in an eco-friendly process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Bamdad
- Centre for Pharmacy & Health Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 11361-87 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - Seulki Hazel Shin
- Centre for Pharmacy & Health Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 11361-87 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - Joo-Won Suh
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 449-728, Korea.
| | - Chamila Nimalaratne
- Centre for Pharmacy & Health Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 11361-87 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - Hoon Sunwoo
- Centre for Pharmacy & Health Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 11361-87 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
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Xia EQ, Zhu SS, He MJ, Luo F, Fu CZ, Zou TB. Marine Peptides as Potential Agents for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-A Prospect. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15040088. [PMID: 28333091 PMCID: PMC5408234 DOI: 10.3390/md15040088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing prevalence of diabetes is known as a main risk for human health in the last future worldwide. There is limited evidence on the potential management of type 2 diabetes mellitus using bioactive peptides from marine organisms, besides from milk and beans. We summarized here recent advances in our understanding of the regulation of glucose metabolism using bioactive peptides from natural proteins, including regulation of insulin-regulated glucose metabolism, such as protection and reparation of pancreatic β-cells, enhancing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and influencing the sensitivity of insulin and the signaling pathways, and inhibition of bioactive peptides to dipeptidyl peptidase IV, α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities. The present paper tried to understand the underlying mechanism involved and the structure characteristics of bioactive peptides responsible for its antidiabetic activities to prospect the utilization of rich marine organism proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Qin Xia
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Shan-Shan Zhu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Min-Jing He
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Fei Luo
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Cheng-Zhan Fu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Tang-Bin Zou
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
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The α' subunit of β-conglycinin and various glycinin subunits of soy are not required to modulate hepatic lipid metabolism in rats. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:1157-1168. [PMID: 28324208 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the effect of soy proteins with depletion of different subunits of the two major storage proteins, β-conglycinin and glycinin, on hepatic lipids and proteins involved in lipid metabolism in rats, since the bioactive component of soy responsible for lipid-lowering is unclear. METHODS Weanling Sprague Dawley rats were fed diets containing either 20% casein protein in the absence (casein) or presence (casein + ISF) of isoflavones or 20% alcohol-washed soy protein isolate (SPI) or 20% soy protein concentrates derived from a conventional (Haro) or 2 soybean lines lacking the α' subunit of β-conglycinin and the A1-3 (1TF) or A1-5 (1a) subunits of glycinin. After 8 weeks, the rats were necropsied and liver proteins and lipids were extracted and analysed. RESULTS The results showed that soy protein diets reduced lipid droplet accumulation and content in the liver compared to casein diets. The soy protein diets also decreased the level of hepatic mature SREBP-1 and FAS in males, with significant decreases in diets 1TF and 1a compared to the casein diets. The effect of the soy protein diets on female hepatic mature SREBP-1, FAS, and HMGCR was confounded since casein + ISF decreased these levels compared to casein alone perhaps muting the decrease by soy protein. A reduction in both phosphorylated and total STAT3 in female livers by ISF may account for the gender difference in mechanism in the regulation and protein expression of the lipid modulators. CONCLUSIONS Overall, soy protein deficient in the α' subunit of β-conglycinin and A1-5 subunits of glycinin maintain similar hypolipidemic function compared to the conventional soy protein. The exact bioactive component(s) warrant identification.
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Dalaram IS. Evaluation of total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of different verity lupin seeds. POTRAVINARSTVO 2017. [DOI: 10.5219/678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Legumes, including lupins, beans, lentil and chickpea, are one of the most important crops in the world because of their nutritional quality. Lupin seeds have been used as human food and animal feed since ancient times. It was known that antioxidant photochemical in foods have many health benefits including prevention of various diseases associated with oxidative stress such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, neuro-degeneration and diabetes. Lupin grains are rich sources of complex carbohydrates, protein, vitamins and minerals. Antioxidants can be found naturally in foods. Total polyphenols content and antioxidant activity were measured in four varieties of lupin, namely in white lupin, blue lupin, yellow lupin and Mutabilis lupin species. A majority of antioxidants naturally present in foods occur in phenolic structures and especially in flavonoid structures. The content of the total polyphenols was determined by using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR). Antioxidant activity was measured by using a compound DPPH˙ (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). In the present experiment according to the average contents of total polyphenols (TPC) in dry matter of lupin seeds there was the following line: L. Angustifolius (blue) lupin (696.212 mg GAE.100g-1) > L. Albus (white) lupin (614.13 mg GAE.100g-1) > L. Luteus (yellow) lupin (467.78 mg GAE.100g-1) > L. Mutabilis (pearl) lupin (367.36 mg GAE.100g-1). Based on the measured values of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of lupin samples can be classified as follows: L. Albus (white) lupin (43.44%) >L. Angustifolius (blue) lupin (38.27%) >L. Luteus (yellow) lupin (22.29%) >L. Mutabilis (Pearl) lupin (20.80%). The relationship of antioxidant capacity with total polyphenolic was discussed. According to used statistical analyzes. Correlation between the phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity was significantly positive (r = 0.88). Our results confirmed that legumes can be a good source of bioactive compounds in the human nutrition. The main objective of the present work was to evaluated the content of total polyphenols and an antioxidant capacity of four Lupine species.
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35
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Oseguera Toledo ME, Gonzalez de Mejia E, Sivaguru M, Amaya-Llano SL. Common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) protein-derived peptides increased insulin secretion, inhibited lipid accumulation, increased glucose uptake and reduced the phosphatase and tensin homologue activation in vitro. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Rizzello CG, Tagliazucchi D, Babini E, Sefora Rutella G, Taneyo Saa DL, Gianotti A. Bioactive peptides from vegetable food matrices: Research trends and novel biotechnologies for synthesis and recovery. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Torres-Rodríguez ML, García-Chávez E, Berhow M, de Mejia EG. Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effect of Calea urticifolia lyophilized aqueous extract on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 188:266-274. [PMID: 27139571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Calea urticifolia leaves are traditionally used as a remedy to treat gastric ulcers, diabetes, and inflammation by the Xi'uy ancient native community of San Luis Potosi, Mexico. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim was to assess the effects of the aqueous extract of the Mexican plant C. urticifolia as anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and to provide evidence on the phenolic compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS RAW 264.7 macrophages were stimulated with 1µg/mL of LPS and treated with 10, 25 50, 75 y 100µg/mL of Calea urticifolia lyophilized aqueous extract (CuAqE). Nitric oxide (NO) release, tumor necrosis factor alpha, prostaglandin E2 production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65, NF-κB p50 expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured; other pro-inflammatory proteins were measured with membrane antibody array. Phenolic compounds were analyzed by LC-ESI-MS. RESULTS Inflammation was inhibited by suppressing iNOS/NO pathway through inhibiting nucleus translocation of NF-κB p65 and p50 sub-units. ROS production was significantly (P<0.05) inhibited in a dose-dependent manner in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Moreover, the expression of inflammatory markers was suppressed (34.5-88.3%) by CuAqE. A mix of caffeoylquinic acid derivatives and flavonoid-glycosides were found in CuAqE. CONCLUSION Phenolic compounds in CuAqE such as caffeoylquinic acid derivatives and flavonoid glycosides could be responsible for inhibiting LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress by iNOS/NO pathway through suppressing NF-κB signaling pathway and by inhibition of ROS production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Therefore, these results support the traditional knowledge of C. urticifolia tea such as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lucina Torres-Rodríguez
- Programas Multidisciplinarios de Posgrado en Ciencias Ambientales (PMPCA) de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, S. L. P., México; Department Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Erika García-Chávez
- Programas Multidisciplinarios de Posgrado en Ciencias Ambientales (PMPCA) de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, S. L. P., México; Instituto de Investigación de Zonas Desérticas (IIZD) de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, S. L. P., México
| | - Mark Berhow
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia
- Department Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
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Lammi C, Zanoni C, Arnoldi A. IAVPGEVA, IAVPTGVA, and LPYP, three peptides from soy glycinin, modulate cholesterol metabolism in HepG2 cells through the activation of the LDLR-SREBP2 pathway. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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39
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Ferreira ES, Amaral ALS, Demonte A, Zanelli CF, Capraro J, Duranti M, Neves VA. Hypocholesterolaemic effect of rat-administered oral doses of the isolated 7S globulins from cowpeas and adzuki beans. J Nutr Sci 2015; 4:e7. [PMID: 26090103 PMCID: PMC4463012 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2014.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of seed proteins, especially soyabean 7S globulins, in controlling dyslipidaemia is widely acknowledged. Amino acid sequence homology among the proteins of this family could reflect similar biological functions in other species. The aim of the present study was to unveil a hypolipidaemic effect of the 7S globulins from cowpeas (7S-C) and adzuki beans (7S-A), administered orally to rats fed a hypercholesterolaemic (HC; high cholesterol and TAG) diet for 28 d. A total of forty-five rats were divided into five groups (nine rats per group): (1) standard (STD) diet; (2) HC diet; (3) HC diet + 7S-C (300 mg/kg per d); (4) HC diet + 7S-A (300 mg/kg per d); and (5) HC diet + simvastatin (SVT; 50 mg/kg per d), as a control. Significant decreases in food intake and final body weight of rats receiving HC + 7S-C and HC + 7S-A diets compared with groups fed the HC and STD diets were observed. Significant decreases in serum total and non-HDL-cholesterol of 7S-C, 7S-A and SVT groups were also observed. HDL-cholesterol levels increased in the 7S-C, 7S-A and SVT groups, while hepatic cholesterol and TAG concentrations were significantly lower than in the HC diet group for the 7S-C-supplemented group only. Faecal excretions of fat and cholesterol in HC diet groups were considerably higher in animals consuming the 7S globulins. The results show that cowpea and adzuki bean 7S globulins promote cholesterol-decreasing effects in hypercholesterolaemic rats even at low dosages, as already observed for other legume seed storage proteins of this family. This main effect is discussed in relation to the possible mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ederlan S. Ferreira
- Department of Bromatological Analysis,
School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia,
Barão de Jeremoabo Road, 147, 40170-115,
Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia S. Amaral
- Department of Food and Nutrition,
São Paulo State University, Rodovia Araraquara –
Jaú, km 1, 14801-902,
Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Aureluce Demonte
- Department of Food and Nutrition,
São Paulo State University, Rodovia Araraquara –
Jaú, km 1, 14801-902,
Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Cleslei F. Zanelli
- Department of Biological Sciences,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University,
Rodovia Araraquara – Jaú, km 1,
14801-902, Araraquara,
SP, Brazil
| | - Jessica Capraro
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional
Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di
Milano, Via G. Celoria, 2,
20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcello Duranti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional
Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di
Milano, Via G. Celoria, 2,
20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valdir A. Neves
- Department of Food and Nutrition,
São Paulo State University, Rodovia Araraquara –
Jaú, km 1, 14801-902,
Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Martínez-Augustin O, Rivero-Gutiérrez B, Mascaraque C, Sánchez de Medina F. Food derived bioactive peptides and intestinal barrier function. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:22857-73. [PMID: 25501338 PMCID: PMC4284742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151222857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of food-derived bioactive peptides have been shown to exert health-promoting actions and are therefore considered functional foods or nutraceuticals. Some of these actions are related to the maintenance, reinforcement or repairment of the intestinal barrier function (IBF) whose role is to selectively allow the absorption of water, nutrients and ions while preventing the influx of microorganisms from the intestinal lumen. Alterations in the IBF have been related to many disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease or metabolic syndrome. Components of IBF are the intestinal epithelium, the mucus layer, secretory immunoglobulin A and cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Here we review the effects of food derived bioactive peptides on these IBF components. In vitro and in vivo effects, both in healthy and disease states, have been reviewed. Although limited, the available information indicates a potential for food-derived peptides to modify IBF and to contribute to disease treatment, but further research is needed to better isolate responsible peptides, and to help define their mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Martínez-Augustin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2, CIBERehd, University of Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - Belén Rivero-Gutiérrez
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, University of Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - Cristina Mascaraque
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Immunology in Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan 20089, Italy.
| | - Fermín Sánchez de Medina
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, University of Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, Granada 18071, Spain.
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de Souza Rocha T, Hernandez LMR, Chang YK, de Mejía EG. Impact of germination and enzymatic hydrolysis of cowpea bean ( Vigna unguiculata ) on the generation of peptides capable of inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase IV. Food Res Int 2014; 64:799-809. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Ren J, Yang B, Lv Y, Guo S. Protective and reparative effects of peptides from soybean β-conglycinin on mice intestinal mucosa injury. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 65:345-50. [PMID: 24224901 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2013.854748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peptides derived from alcalase digestion of soybean β-conglycinin, containing 8.52% carbohydrate, exhibits an inhibition effect on pathogen adhesion or translocation to intestinal cells in vitro. In this study, the protective and reparative effects of β-conglycinin peptides on intestinal mucosa injury in vivo were studied using mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced intestinal mucosa injury. The results showed that β-conglycinin peptides contained approximately 21.77% glutamic acid (Glu), and significantly reduced the histological injury in mice both in the protective and reparative experiments. The myeloperoxidase activity of mice treated with β-conglycinin peptides decreased compared with those treated DSS in the positive control group. Immunohistochemical analysis also showed that β-conglycinin peptides inhibited the expression of inflammatory factor NF-κB/p65. These results suggested that peptides derived from soybean β-conglycinin exhibited protective and reparative effects on mice intestinal mucosa injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Ren
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Haidian District, Beijing , China and
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Jun Y, Xiao T, Guoyong Y, Min F, Haili Y, Chao S. Recombinant globular adiponectin inhibits lipid deposition by p38 MAPK/ATF-2 and TOR/p70 S6 kinase pathways in chicken adipocytes. Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 92:53-60. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2013-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin plays a fundamental role in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. However, its role in adipocyte differentiation remains controversial. To investigate the effect of gAd on lipid deposition in chicken adipocytes and its related signaling pathways, 200 μg/mL recombinant globular adiponectin, isoproterenol, SB253580, leucine, and rapamycin were used to treat chicken adipocytes. Results demonstrated that gAd increased the expression of endogenous adiponectin and AdipoR1 (P < 0.01); gAd inhibited triglyceride (TG) accumulation in chicken adipocyte and increased the release of free fatty acids (FFA) in medium; gAd decreased the expression of adipogenic marker genes CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), while activating the expression of lipolytic marker gene adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, gAd activated the phosphorylation levels of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and activating transcription factor 2 (ATF-2), and suppressed the phosphorylation levels of rapamycin (TOR) and p70 S6 Kinase (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the results demonstrate that gAd has an ability to inhibit lipids deposition in chicken adipocyte, which depends on the p38 MAPK/ATF–2 and TOR/p70 S6 Kinase pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jun
- College of Animal Science and technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tan Xiao
- College of Animal Science and technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yan Guoyong
- College of Animal Science and technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Feng Min
- College of Animal Science and technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yang Haili
- College of Animal Science and technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Sun Chao
- College of Animal Science and technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Willcox DC, Scapagnini G, Willcox BJ. Healthy aging diets other than the Mediterranean: a focus on the Okinawan diet. Mech Ageing Dev 2014; 136-137:148-62. [PMID: 24462788 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The traditional diet in Okinawa is anchored by root vegetables (principally sweet potatoes), green and yellow vegetables, soybean-based foods, and medicinal plants. Marine foods, lean meats, fruit, medicinal garnishes and spices, tea, alcohol are also moderately consumed. Many characteristics of the traditional Okinawan diet are shared with other healthy dietary patterns, including the traditional Mediterranean diet, DASH diet, and Portfolio diet. All these dietary patterns are associated with reduced risk for cardiovascular disease, among other age-associated diseases. Overall, the important shared features of these healthy dietary patterns include: high intake of unrefined carbohydrates, moderate protein intake with emphasis on vegetables/legumes, fish, and lean meats as sources, and a healthy fat profile (higher in mono/polyunsaturated fats, lower in saturated fat; rich in omega-3). The healthy fat intake is likely one mechanism for reducing inflammation, optimizing cholesterol, and other risk factors. Additionally, the lower caloric density of plant-rich diets results in lower caloric intake with concomitant high intake of phytonutrients and antioxidants. Other shared features include low glycemic load, less inflammation and oxidative stress, and potential modulation of aging-related biological pathways. This may reduce risk for chronic age-associated diseases and promote healthy aging and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Craig Willcox
- Okinawa International University, Department of Human Welfare, 2-6-1 Ginowan, Okinawa 901-2701, Japan; Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii, HPM-9, 347 N. Kuakini Street, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States; Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, 347 N. Kuakini Street, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States.
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Science, University of Molise, Via de Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Bradley J Willcox
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii, HPM-9, 347 N. Kuakini Street, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States; Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, 347 N. Kuakini Street, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States
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Dia VP, Bringe NA, de Mejia EG. Peptides in pepsin-pancreatin hydrolysates from commercially available soy products that inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in macrophages. Food Chem 2013; 152:423-31. [PMID: 24444957 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.11.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The potential of pepsin-pancreatin hydrolysates, from different foods, to inhibit inflammation using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages as an in vitro model was evaluated. Eight different products were digested sequentially with pepsin and pancreatin and were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory properties. Hydrolysates from strawberry-banana soymilk (SBH), mixed berry soymilk (MXH) and vanilla soymilk (SVMH) inhibited the production of nitric oxide (27.9%, 16.4% and 28.6%, respectively), interleukin-1β (26.3%, 39.5% and 21.6%, respectively) and tumour necrosis factor-α (50.2%, 47.5% and 33.3%, respectively). In addition, SBH, MXH and SVMH inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory enzymes: inducible nitric oxide synthase (66.7%, 65.1% and 88.0%, respectively) and cyclooxygenase-2 (62.0%, 69.9% and 40.6%, respectively). Bioactive peptides (RQRK and VIK) were generated. In conclusion, soymilk products can potentially be used to maintain health under inflammatory stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vermont P Dia
- University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1201 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Neal A Bringe
- The WhiteWave Foods Company, 12002 Airport Way, Broomfield, CO 80021, USA
| | - Elvira G de Mejia
- University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1201 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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47
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Xu SP, Mao XY, Cheng X, Chen B. Ameliorating effects of casein glycomacropeptide on obesity induced by high-fat diet in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 56:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tsou MJ, Kao FJ, Lu HC, Kao HC, Chiang WD. Purification and identification of lipolysis-stimulating peptides derived from enzymatic hydrolysis of soy protein. Food Chem 2013; 138:1454-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.10.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Margatan W, Ruud K, Wang Q, Markowski T, Ismail B. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity of soy protein subjected to selective hydrolysis and thermal processing. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:3460-3467. [PMID: 23514371 DOI: 10.1021/jf4001555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Soy protein isolate (SPI) and β-conglycinin- and glycinin-rich fractions were hydrolyzed using papain and pepsin. Protein denaturation, profiling, and peptide identification were carried out following DSC, SDS-PAGE, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. The in vitro antihypertensive activity of the hydrolysates was compared by determining the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. SDS-PAGE and LC-MS/MS analysis confirmed pepsin selectivity to glycinin and papain partial selectivity to β-conglycinin when the protein is least denatured. Both the papain-hydrolyzed SPI and the papain-hydrolyzed β-conglycinin-rich fraction had more than double the ACE inhibitory activity of that of pepsin-hydrolyzed SPI and pepsin-hydrolyzed glycinin-rich fraction. This observation indicated that β-conglycinin is a better precursor for antihypertensive peptides than glycinin. Additionally, the inhibitory activity of the papain-hydrolyzed SPI was thermally stable. This work demonstrated, for the first time, that selective hydrolysis to release peptides with ACE inhibitory activity can be accomplished without inducing extensive hydrolysis and performing unnecessary fractionation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wynnie Margatan
- Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108-1038, United States
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Goto T, Mori A, Nagaoka S. Soluble soy protein peptic hydrolysate stimulates adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1435-45. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Goto
- Department of Applied Life Science; Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
| | - Ayaka Mori
- Department of Applied Life Science; Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagaoka
- Department of Applied Life Science; Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
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