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Mozafari R, Khodagholi F, Kaveh N, Zibaii ME, Kalivas P, Haghparast A. Blockade of mGluR5 in nucleus accumbens modulates calcium sensor proteins, facilitates extinction, and attenuates reinstated morphine place preference in rats. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 176:23-32. [PMID: 38833749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Numerous findings confirm that the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are involved in the conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by morphine. Here we focused on the role of mGluR5 in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) as a main site of glutamate action on the rewarding effects of morphine. Firstly, we investigated the effects of intra-NAc administrating mGluR5 antagonist 3-((2-Methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl) ethynyl) pyridine hydrochloride (MTEP; 1, 3, and 10 μg/μl saline) on the extinction and the reinstatement phase of morphine CPP. Moreover, to determine the downstream signaling cascades of mGluR5 in morphine CPP, the protein levels of stromal interaction molecules (STIM1 and 2) in the NAc and hippocampus (HPC) were measured by western blotting. The behavioral data indicated that the mGluR5 blockade by MTEP at the high doses of 3 and 10 μg facilitated the extinction of morphine-induced CPP and attenuated the reinstatement to morphine in extinguished rats. Molecular results showed that the morphine led to increased levels of STIM proteins in the HPC and increased the level of STIM1 without affecting STIM2 in the NAc. Furthermore, intra-NAc microinjection of MTEP (10 μg) in the reinstatement phase decreased STIM1 in the NAc and HPC and reduced the STIM2 in the HPC. Collectively, our data show that morphine could facilitate brain reward function in part by increasing glutamate-mediated transmission through activation of mGluR5 and modulation of STIM proteins. Therefore, these results highlight the therapeutic potential of mGluR5 antagonists in morphine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Mozafari
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Kaveh
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Peter Kalivas
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Basic Sciences, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Barbano MF, Qi J, Chen E, Mohammad U, Espinoza O, Candido M, Wang H, Liu B, Hahn S, Vautier F, Morales M. VTA glutamatergic projections to the nucleus accumbens suppress psychostimulant-seeking behavior. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024:10.1038/s41386-024-01905-3. [PMID: 38926603 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Converging evidence indicates that both dopamine and glutamate neurotransmission within the nucleus accumbens (NAc) play a role in psychostimulant self-administration and relapse in rodent models. Increased NAc dopamine release from ventral tegmental area (VTA) inputs is critical to psychostimulant self-administration and NAc glutamate release from prelimbic prefrontal cortex (PFC) inputs synapsing on medium spiny neurons (MSNs) is critical to reinstatement of psychostimulant-seeking after extinction. The regulation of the activity of MSNs by VTA dopamine inputs has been extensively studied, and recent findings have demonstrated that VTA glutamate neurons target the NAc medial shell. Here, we determined whether the mesoaccumbal glutamatergic pathway plays a role in psychostimulant conditioned place preference and self-administration in mice. We used optogenetics to induce NAc release of glutamate from VTA inputs during the acquisition, expression, and reinstatement phases of cocaine- or methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP), and during priming-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior. We found that NAc medial shell release of glutamate resulting from the activation of VTA glutamatergic fibers did not affect the acquisition of cocaine-induced CPP, but it blocked the expression, stress- and priming-induced reinstatement of cocaine- and methamphetamine CPP, as well as it blocked the priming-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior after extinction. These findings indicate that in contrast to the well-recognized mesoaccumbal dopamine system that is critical to psychostimulant reward and relapse, there is a parallel mesoaccumbal glutamatergic system that suppresses reward and psychostimulant-seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Flavia Barbano
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jia Qi
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Emma Chen
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Uzma Mohammad
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Orlando Espinoza
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Marcos Candido
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Huiling Wang
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Bing Liu
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Suyun Hahn
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - François Vautier
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Marisela Morales
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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Estrin DJ, Kulik JM, Beacher NJ, Pawlak AP, Klein SD, West MO. Acquired Alterations in Nucleus Accumbens Responsiveness to a Cocaine-Paired Discriminative Stimulus Preceding Rats' Daily Cocaine Consumption. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 8:100121. [PMID: 37664217 PMCID: PMC10470667 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Resumption of drug taking is a primary focus for substance use disorder research and can be triggered by drug-associated environmental stimuli. The Nucleus Accumbens (NAc) is a key brain region which guides motivated behavior and is implicated in resumption. There remains a pressing need to characterize NAc neurons' responsiveness to drug associated stimuli during withdrawal and abstinence. We recorded discriminative stimulus (DS) induced NAc activity via in vivo single-unit electrophysiology in rats that self-administered cocaine. Male and female rats implanted with a jugular catheter and a microwire array in NAc Core and Shell self-administered cocaine under control of a 30s auditory DS for 6 hours per session across 14 consecutive days. Rats acquired tone discrimination within 4 sessions. To exclude pharmacological effects of circulating cocaine from all neural analyses, we studied changes in DS-induced firing only for trials preceding the first infusion of cocaine in each of the 14 sessions, which were defined as "pre-drug trials." NAc neuron responses were assessed prior to tone-evoked movement onset. Responsiveness to the DS tone was exhibited throughout all sessions by the NAc Core population, but only during Early sessions by the NAc Shell population. Both Core and Shell responded selectively to the DS, i.e., more strongly on drug taking trials, or Hits, than on Missed opportunities. These findings suggest that NAc Core and Shell play distinct roles in initiating cocaine seeking prior to daily cocaine consumption, and align with reports suggesting that as drug use becomes chronic, cue-evoked activity shifts from NAc Shell to NAc Core.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Estrin
- Feil Family Brain & Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69 Street, New York, NY 10021
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, 152 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Julianna M. Kulik
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, 152 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Nicholas J. Beacher
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, 152 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854
- Neural Engineering Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Anthony P. Pawlak
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, 152 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 75 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Graduate School of Applied & Professional Psychology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 75 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Samuel D. Klein
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, 152 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 75 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Mark O. West
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, 152 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854
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Barber KR, Vizcarra VS, Zilch A, Majuta L, Diezel CC, Culver OP, Hughes BW, Taniguchi M, Streicher JM, Vanderah TW, Riegel AC. The Role of Ryanodine Receptor 2 in Drug-Associated Learning. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.03.560743. [PMID: 37873212 PMCID: PMC10592901 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.03.560743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Type-2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2) ion channels facilitate the release of Ca 2+ from stores and serve an important function in neuroplasticity. The role for RyR2 in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory is well established and chronic hyperphosphorylation of RyR2 (RyR2P) is associated with pathological calcium leakage and cognitive disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. By comparison, little is known about the role of RyR2 in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) circuitry important for working memory, decision making, and reward seeking. Here, we evaluated the basal expression and localization of RyR2 and RyR2P in the vmPFC. Next, we employed an operant model of sucrose, cocaine, or morphine self-administration (SA) followed by a (reward-free) recall test, to reengage vmPFC neurons and reactivate reward-seeking and re-evaluated the expression and localization of RyR2 and RyR2P in vmPFC. Under basal conditions, RyR2 was expressed in pyramidal cells but not regularly detected in PV/SST interneurons. On the contrary, RyR2P was rarely observed in PFC somata and was restricted to a different subcompartment of the same neuron - the apical dendrites of layer-5 pyramidal cells. Chronic SA of drug (cocaine or morphine) and nondrug (sucrose) rewards produced comparable increases in RyR2 protein expression. However, recalling either drug reward impaired the usual localization of RyR2P in dendrites and markedly increased its expression in somata immunoreactive for Fos, a marker of highly activated neurons. These effects could not be explained by chronic stress or drug withdrawal and instead appeared to require a recall experience associated with prior drug SA. In addition to showing the differential distribution of RyR2/RyR2P and affirming the general role of vmPFC in reward learning, this study provides information on the propensity of addictive drugs to redistribute RyR2P ion channels in a neuronal population engaged in drug-seeking. Hence, focusing on the early impact of addictive drugs on RyR2 function may serve as a promising approach to finding a treatment for substance use disorders.
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Tavares GEB, Bianchi PC, Yokoyama TS, Palombo P, Cruz FC. INVOLVEMENT OF CORTICAL PROJECTIONS TO BASOLATERAL AMYGDALA IN CONTEXT-INDUCED REINSTATEMENT OF ETHANOL-SEEKING IN RATS. Behav Brain Res 2023; 448:114435. [PMID: 37044222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol is the most consumed substance of abuse in the world, and its misuse may lead to the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD). High relapse rates remain a relevant problem in the treatment of AUD. Exposure to environmental cues previously associated with ethanol intake could trigger ethanol-seeking behavior. However, the neural mechanisms involved in this phenomenon are not entirely clear. In this context, cortical projections to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) play a role in appetitive and aversive learned behaviors. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the activation of the cortical projections from the prelimbic (PL), orbitofrontal (OFC), and infralimbic (IL), to the BLA in the context-induced reinstatement of ethanol-seeking. Male Long-Evans rats were trained to self-administer 10% ethanol in Context A. Subsequently, lever pressing in the presence of the discrete cue was extinguished in Context B. After nine extinction sessions, rats underwent intracranial surgery for the unilateral injection of red fluorescent retrograde tracer into the BLA. The context-induced reinstatement of ethanol-seeking was assessed by re-exposing the rats to Context A or B under extinction conditions. Finally, we combined retrograde neuronal tracing with Fos to identify activated cortical inputs to BLA during the reinstatement of ethanol-seeking behavior. We found that PL, but not OFC or IL, retrogradely-labeled neurons from BLA presented increased Fos expression during the re-exposure to the ethanol-associated context, suggesting that PL projection to BLA is involved in the context-induced reinstatement of ethanol-seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Cristina Bianchi
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Thais Suemi Yokoyama
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Paola Palombo
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Cardoso Cruz
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Jin S, Campbell EJ, Ip CK, Layfield S, Bathgate RAD, Herzog H, Lawrence AJ. Molecular Profiling of VGluT1 AND VGluT2 Ventral Subiculum to Nucleus Accumbens Shell Projections. Neurochem Res 2023:10.1007/s11064-023-03921-z. [PMID: 37017888 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03921-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens shell is a critical node in reward circuitry, encoding environments associated with reward. Long-range inputs from the ventral hippocampus (ventral subiculum) to the nucleus accumbens shell have been identified, yet their precise molecular phenotype remains to be determined. Here we used retrograde tracing to identify the ventral subiculum as the brain region with the densest glutamatergic (VGluT1-Slc17a7) input to the shell. We then used circuit-directed translating ribosome affinity purification to examine the molecular characteristics of distinct glutamatergic (VGluT1, VGluT2-Slc17a6) ventral subiculum to nucleus accumbens shell projections. We immunoprecipitated translating ribosomes from this population of projection neurons and analysed molecular connectomic information using RNA sequencing. We found differential gene enrichment across both glutamatergic projection neuron subtypes. In VGluT1 projections, we found enrichment of Pfkl, a gene involved in glucose metabolism. In VGluT2 projections, we found a depletion of Sparcl1 and Dlg1, genes known to play a role in depression- and addiction-related behaviours. These findings highlight potential glutamatergic neuronal-projection-specific differences in ventral subiculum to nucleus accumbens shell projections. Together these data advance our understanding of the phenotype of a defined brain circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubo Jin
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Erin J Campbell
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Chi Kin Ip
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Sharon Layfield
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Ross A D Bathgate
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Herbert Herzog
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Andrew J Lawrence
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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7
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Bossert JM, Mejias-Aponte CA, Saunders T, Altidor L, Emery M, Fredriksson I, Batista A, Claypool SM, Caldwell KE, Reiner DJ, Chow JJ, Foltz M, Kumar V, Seasholtz A, Hughes E, Filipiak W, Harvey BK, Richie CT, Vautier F, Gomez JL, Michaelides M, Kieffer BL, Watson SJ, Akil H, Shaham Y. Effect of Selective Lesions of Nucleus Accumbens µ-Opioid Receptor-Expressing Cells on Heroin Self-Administration in Male and Female Rats: A Study with Novel Oprm1-Cre Knock-in Rats. J Neurosci 2023; 43:1692-1713. [PMID: 36717230 PMCID: PMC10010456 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2049-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain µ-opioid receptor (MOR) is critical for the analgesic, rewarding, and addictive effects of opioid drugs. However, in rat models of opioid-related behaviors, the circuit mechanisms of MOR-expressing cells are less known because of a lack of genetic tools to selectively manipulate them. We introduce a CRISPR-based Oprm1-Cre knock-in transgenic rat that provides cell type-specific genetic access to MOR-expressing cells. After performing anatomic and behavioral validation experiments, we used the Oprm1-Cre knock-in rats to study the involvement of NAc MOR-expressing cells in heroin self-administration in male and female rats. Using RNAscope, autoradiography, and FISH chain reaction (HCR-FISH), we found no differences in Oprm1 expression in NAc, dorsal striatum, and dorsal hippocampus, or MOR receptor density (except dorsal striatum) or function between Oprm1-Cre knock-in rats and wildtype littermates. HCR-FISH assay showed that iCre is highly coexpressed with Oprm1 (95%-98%). There were no genotype differences in pain responses, morphine analgesia and tolerance, heroin self-administration, and relapse-related behaviors. We used the Cre-dependent vector AAV1-EF1a-Flex-taCasp3-TEVP to lesion NAc MOR-expressing cells. We found that the lesions decreased acquisition of heroin self-administration in male Oprm1-Cre rats and had a stronger inhibitory effect on the effort to self-administer heroin in female Oprm1-Cre rats. The validation of an Oprm1-Cre knock-in rat enables new strategies for understanding the role of MOR-expressing cells in rat models of opioid addiction, pain-related behaviors, and other opioid-mediated functions. Our initial mechanistic study indicates that lesioning NAc MOR-expressing cells had different effects on heroin self-administration in male and female rats.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The brain µ-opioid receptor (MOR) is critical for the analgesic, rewarding, and addictive effects of opioid drugs. However, in rat models of opioid-related behaviors, the circuit mechanisms of MOR-expressing cells are less known because of a lack of genetic tools to selectively manipulate them. We introduce a CRISPR-based Oprm1-Cre knock-in transgenic rat that provides cell type-specific genetic access to brain MOR-expressing cells. After performing anatomical and behavioral validation experiments, we used the Oprm1-Cre knock-in rats to show that lesioning NAc MOR-expressing cells had different effects on heroin self-administration in males and females. The new Oprm1-Cre rats can be used to study the role of brain MOR-expressing cells in animal models of opioid addiction, pain-related behaviors, and other opioid-mediated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Bossert
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Carlos A Mejias-Aponte
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | | | - Lindsay Altidor
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | | | - Ida Fredriksson
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Ashley Batista
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Sarah M Claypool
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Kiera E Caldwell
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - David J Reiner
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Jonathan J Chow
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | | | - Vivek Kumar
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48104
| | | | | | | | - Brandon K Harvey
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Christopher T Richie
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Francois Vautier
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Juan L Gomez
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Michael Michaelides
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Brigitte L Kieffer
- University of Strasbourg-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1114, Strasbourg, France, 67084
| | | | - Huda Akil
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48104
| | - Yavin Shaham
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
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Valyear MD, LeCocq MR, Brown A, Villaruel FR, Segal D, Chaudhri N. Learning processes in relapse to alcohol use: lessons from animal models. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:393-416. [PMID: 36264342 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alcohol use is reliably preceded by discrete and contextual stimuli which, through diverse learning processes, acquire the capacity to promote alcohol use and relapse to alcohol use. OBJECTIVE We review contemporary extinction, renewal, reinstatement, occasion setting, and sex differences research within a conditioning framework of relapse to alcohol use to inform the development of behavioural and pharmacological therapies. KEY FINDINGS Diverse learning processes and corresponding neurobiological substrates contribute to relapse to alcohol use. Results from animal models indicate that cortical, thalamic, accumbal, hypothalamic, mesolimbic, glutamatergic, opioidergic, and dopaminergic circuitries contribute to alcohol relapse through separable learning processes. Behavioural therapies could be improved by increasing the endurance and generalizability of extinction learning and should incorporate whether discrete cues and contexts influence behaviour through direct excitatory conditioning or occasion setting mechanisms. The types of learning processes that most effectively influence responding for alcohol differ in female and male rats. CONCLUSION Sophisticated conditioning experiments suggest that diverse learning processes are mediated by distinct neural circuits and contribute to relapse to alcohol use. These experiments also suggest that gender-specific behavioural and pharmacological interventions are a way towards efficacious therapies to prevent relapse to alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan D Valyear
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Psychology, McGill University, 1205 Ave. Dr. Penfield, Room N8/5, Montréal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada.
| | - Mandy R LeCocq
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexa Brown
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Franz R Villaruel
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Diana Segal
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nadia Chaudhri
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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9
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Boxer EE, Kim J, Dunn B, Aoto J. Ventral Subiculum Inputs to Nucleus Accumbens Medial Shell Preferentially Innervate D2R Medium Spiny Neurons and Contain Calcium Permeable AMPARs. J Neurosci 2023; 43:1166-1177. [PMID: 36609456 PMCID: PMC9962776 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1907-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ventral subiculum (vSUB) is the major output region of ventral hippocampus (vHIPP) and sends major projections to nucleus accumbens medial shell (NAcMS). Hyperactivity of the vSUB-NAcMS circuit is associated with substance use disorders and the modulation of vSUB activity alters drug seeking and drug reinstatement behavior in rodents. However, to the best of our knowledge, the cell type-specific connectivity and synaptic transmission properties of the vSUB-NAcMS circuit have never been directly examined. Instead, previous functional studies have focused on total ventral hippocampal (vHIPP) output to NAcMS without distinguishing vSUB from other subregions of vHIPP, including ventral CA1 (vCA1). Using ex vivo electrophysiology, we systematically characterized the vSUB-NAcMS circuit with cell type- and synapse-specific resolution in male and female mice and found that vSUB output to dopamine receptor type-1 (D1R) and type-2 (D2R) expressing medium spiny neurons (MSNs) displays a functional connectivity bias for D2R MSNs. Furthermore, we found that vSUB-D1R and vSUB-D2R MSN synapses contain calcium-permeable AMPA receptors in drug-naive mice. Finally, we find that, distinct from other glutamatergic inputs, cocaine exposure selectively induces plasticity at vSUB-D2R synapses. Importantly, we directly compared vSUB and vCA1 output to NAcMS and found that vSUB synapses are functionally distinct and that vCA1 output recapitulated the synaptic properties previously ascribed to vHIPP. Our work highlights the need to consider the contributions of individual subregions of vHIPP to substance use disorders and represents an important first step toward understanding how the vSUB-NAcMS circuit contributes to the etiologies that underlie substance use disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Inputs to nucleus accumbens (NAc) dopamine receptor type 1 (D1R) and D2R medium spiny neurons (MSNs) are critically involved in reward seeking behavior. Ventral subiculum (vSUB) provides robust synaptic input to nucleus accumbens medial shell (NAcMS) and activity of this circuit is linked to substance use disorders. Despite the importance of the vSUB to nucleus accumbens circuit, the functional connectivity and synaptic transmission properties have not been tested. Here, we systematically interrogated these properties and found that basal connectivity and drug-induced plasticity are biased for D2R medium spiny neurons. Overall, we demonstrate that this circuit is distinct from synaptic inputs from other brain regions, which helps to explain how vSUB dysfunction contributes to the etiologies that underlie substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E Boxer
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - JungMin Kim
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Brett Dunn
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Jason Aoto
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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10
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Griffin WC, Lopez MF, Woodward JJ, Becker HC. Alcohol dependence and the ventral hippocampal influence on alcohol drinking in male mice. Alcohol 2023; 106:44-54. [PMID: 36328184 PMCID: PMC9868110 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Examining neural circuits underlying persistent, heavy drinking provides insight into the neurobiological mechanisms driving alcohol use disorder. Facilitated by its connectivity with other parts of the brain such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc), the ventral hippocampus (vHC) supports many behaviors, including those related to reward seeking and addiction. These studies used a well-established mouse model of alcohol (ethanol) dependence. After surgery to infuse DREADD-expressing viruses (hM4Di, hM3Dq, or mCherry-only) into the vHC and position guide cannula above the NAc, male C57BL/6J mice were treated in the CIE drinking model that involved repeated cycles of chronic intermittent alcohol (CIE) vapor or air (CTL) exposure alternating with weekly test drinking cycles in which mice were offered alcohol (15% v/v) 2 h/day. Additionally, smaller groups of mice were evaluated for either cFos expression or glutamate release using microdialysis procedures. In CIE mice expressing inhibitory (hM4Di) DREADDs in the vHC, drinking increased as expected, but CNO (3 mg/kg intraperitoneally [i.p.]) given 30 min before testing did not alter alcohol intake. However, in CTL mice expressing hM4Di, CNO significantly increased alcohol drinking (∼30%; p < 0.05) to levels similar to the CIE mice. The vHC-NAc pathway was targeted by infusing CNO into the NAc (3 or 10 μM/side) 30 min before testing. CNO activation of the pathway in mice expressing excitatory (hM3Dq) DREADDs selectively reduced consumption in CIE mice back to CTL levels (∼35-45%; p < 0.05) without affecting CTL alcohol intake. Lastly, activating the vHC-NAc pathway increased cFos expression and evoked significant glutamate release from the vHC terminals in the NAc. These data indicate that reduced activity of the vHC increases alcohol consumption and that targeted, increased activity of the vHC-NAc pathway attenuates excessive drinking associated with alcohol dependence. Thus, these findings indicate that the vHC and its glutamatergic projections to the NAc are involved in excessive alcohol drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Griffin
- Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
| | - Marcelo F Lopez
- Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - John J Woodward
- Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Howard C Becker
- Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29425-0742, United States
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11
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Fredriksson I, Tsai PJ, Shekara A, Duan Y, Applebey SV, Minier-Toribio A, Batista A, Chow JJ, Altidor L, Barbier E, Cifani C, Li X, Reiner DJ, Rubio FJ, Hope BT, Yang Y, Bossert JM, Shaham Y. Role of ventral subiculum neuronal ensembles in incubation of oxycodone craving after electric barrier-induced voluntary abstinence. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd8687. [PMID: 36630511 PMCID: PMC9833671 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add8687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High relapse rate is a key feature of opioid addiction. In humans, abstinence is often voluntary due to negative consequences of opioid seeking. To mimic this human condition, we recently introduced a rat model of incubation of oxycodone craving after electric barrier-induced voluntary abstinence. Incubation of drug craving refers to time-dependent increases in drug seeking after cessation of drug self-administration. Here, we used the activity marker Fos, muscimol-baclofen (GABAa + GABAb receptor agonists) global inactivation, Daun02-selective inactivation of putative relapse-associated neuronal ensembles, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting of Fos-positive cells and quantitative polymerase chain reaction to demonstrate a key role of vSub neuronal ensembles in incubation of oxycodone craving after voluntary abstinence, but not homecage forced abstinence. We also used a longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging method and showed that functional connectivity changes in vSub-related circuits predict opioid relapse after abstinence induced by adverse consequences of opioid seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Fredriksson
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, IRP/NIDA/NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Pei-Jung Tsai
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, IRP/NIDA/NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Ying Duan
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, IRP/NIDA/NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Ashley Batista
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, IRP/NIDA/NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan J. Chow
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, IRP/NIDA/NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lindsay Altidor
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, IRP/NIDA/NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Estelle Barbier
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - David J. Reiner
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, IRP/NIDA/NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - F. Javier Rubio
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, IRP/NIDA/NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bruce T. Hope
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, IRP/NIDA/NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, IRP/NIDA/NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Yavin Shaham
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, IRP/NIDA/NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
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12
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Mayberry HL, Bavley CC, Karbalaei R, Peterson DR, Bongiovanni AR, Ellis AS, Downey SH, Toussaint AB, Wimmer ME. Transcriptomics in the nucleus accumbens shell reveal sex- and reinforcer-specific signatures associated with morphine and sucrose craving. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1764-1775. [PMID: 35190706 PMCID: PMC9372067 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01289-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Incubation of craving is a well-documented phenomenon referring to the intensification of drug craving over extended abstinence. The neural adaptations that occur during forced abstinence following chronic drug taking have been a topic of intense study. However, little is known about the transcriptomic changes occurring throughout this window of time. To define gene expression changes associated with morphine consumption and extended abstinence, male and female rats underwent 10 days of morphine self-administration. Separate drug-naive rats self-administered sucrose in order to compare opioid-induced changes from those associated with natural, non-drug rewards. After one or 30 days of forced abstinence, rats were tested for craving, or nucleus accumbens shell tissue was dissected for RNA sequencing. Morphine consumption was predictive of drug seeking after extended (30 days) but not brief (1 day) abstinence in both sexes. Extended abstinence was also associated with robust sex- and reinforcer-specific changes in gene expression, suggesting sex differences underlying incubation of morphine and sucrose seeking respectively. Importantly, these changes in gene expression occurred without re-exposure to drug-paired cues, indicating that chronic morphine causes long-lasting changes in gene expression that prime the system for increased craving. These findings lay the groundwork for identifying specific therapeutic targets for curbing opioid craving without impacting the natural reward system in males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Mayberry
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charlotte C Bavley
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Reza Karbalaei
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Drew R Peterson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Angela R Bongiovanni
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexandra S Ellis
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sara H Downey
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andre B Toussaint
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mathieu E Wimmer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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13
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Jin S, Maddern XJ, Campbell EJ, Lawrence AJ. Examining ventral subiculum and basolateral amygdala projections to the nucleus accumbens shell: Differential expression of VGLuT1, VGLuT2 and VGaT in the rat. Neurosci Lett 2022; 788:136858. [PMID: 36038028 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Projections to the striatum are well-identified. For example, in the ventral striatum, two major inputs to the medial nucleus accumbens shell include the ventral subiculum and basolateral amygdala. However, the chemical phenotype(s) of these projection neurons remain unclear. In this study, we examined amygdalostriatal and corticostriatal connectivity in rats using injections of the retrograde tracer cholera toxin b into the nucleus accumbens shell. To determine the neurotransmitter identity of projection neurons, we combined retrograde tracing with RNAscope in-situ hybridization, using mRNA probes against vesicular transporters associated with glutamatergic (VGluT1 - Slc17a7, VGluT2 - Slc17a6) or GABAergic (VGaT - Slc32a1) neurotransmission. Confocal imaging was used to examine vesicular transporter mRNA expression in the ventral subiculum and basolateral amygdala inputs to the nucleus accumbens shell. Both projections contained mostly VGluT1-expressing neurons. Interestingly, almost a quarter of ventral subiculum to nucleus accumbens shell projections co-expressed VGluT1 and VGluT2 compared to a relatively small number (∼3%) that were co-expressed in basolateral amygdala to nucleus accumbens shell afferents. However, almost a quarter of basolateral amygdala to nucleus accumbens shell projections were VGaT-positive. These findings highlight the diverse proportions of glutamatergic and GABAergic afferents in two major projections to the nucleus accumbens shell and raise important questions for functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubo Jin
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Xavier J Maddern
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Erin J Campbell
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Andrew J Lawrence
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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14
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Chow JJ, Beacher NJ, Chabot JM, Oke M, Venniro M, Lin DT, Shaham Y. Characterization of operant social interaction in rats: effects of access duration, effort, peer familiarity, housing conditions, and choice between social interaction vs. food or remifentanil. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:2093-2108. [PMID: 35230469 PMCID: PMC10724845 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE Social factors play a critical role in drug addiction. We recently showed that rats will abstain from methamphetamine, cocaine, heroin, and remifentanil self-administration when given a choice between the addictive drug and operant social interaction. Here, we further characterized operant social interaction by determining the effects of access duration, effort, peer familiarity, and housing conditions. We also determined choice between social interaction vs. palatable food or remifentanil. METHODS We first trained single-housed male and female rats to lever-press for social interaction with a sex- and age-matched peer. Next, we determined effects of access duration (3.75 to 240 s), effort (increasing fixed-ratio schedule requirements or progressive ratio schedule), peer familiarity (familiar vs. unfamiliar), and housing conditions (single vs. paired housing) on social self-administration. We also determined choice between social interaction vs. palatable food pellets or intravenous remifentanil (0, 1, 10 µg/kg/infusion). RESULTS Increasing access duration to a peer decreased social self-administration under fixed ratio but not progressive ratio schedule; the rats showed similar preference for short vs. long access duration. Social self-administration under different fixed ratio requirements was higher in single-housed than in paired-housed rats and higher for a familiar vs. unfamiliar partner in single-housed but not paired-housed rats. Response rates of food-sated rats under increasing fixed-ratio requirements were higher for palatable food than for social interaction. The rats strongly preferred palatable food over social interaction and showed dose-dependent preference for social interaction vs. remifentanil. CONCLUSIONS We identified parameters influencing the reinforcing effects of operant social interaction and introduce a choice procedure sensitive to remifentanil self-administration dose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jules M Chabot
- Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marvellous Oke
- Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marco Venniro
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Da-Ting Lin
- Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yavin Shaham
- Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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15
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Lindenbach D, Vacca G, Ahn S, Seamans JK, Phillips AG. Optogenetic modulation of glutamatergic afferents from the ventral subiculum to the nucleus accumbens: Effects on dopamine function, response vigor and locomotor activity. Behav Brain Res 2022; 434:114028. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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16
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Conditioned Inhibition of Amphetamine Sensitization. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2022; 192:107636. [PMID: 35597434 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2022.107636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Repeated intermittent exposure to psychostimulants, such as amphetamine, leads to a progressive enhancement of the drug's ability to increase both behavioral and brain neurochemical responses. The expression of these enhancements, known as sensitization, can be regulated by Pavlovian conditioned stimuli. Cues that are associated with drug experience can facilitate sensitization so that it only occurs in the presence of these stimuli (context-specific sensitization). In contrast, cues that are explicitly related to the absence of drugs (conditioned inhibitors) can prevent the expression of sensitization. We hypothesized that disrupting conditioned inhibition would enable amphetamine sensitization in new contexts. Using male Sprague Dawley rats and a two-context amphetamine conditioning procedure, we found that extinguishing amphetamine experience in one environment led to the loss of conditioned inhibition in a separate context. Thus, amphetamine-induced sensitized locomotion, as well as both enhanced dopamine and glutamate neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens, were observed in a context where the drug was never experienced before. A similar loss of contextual control of sensitization was seen after using baclofen/muscimol microinjections to transiently inhibit the medial prefrontal cortex, basolateral amygdala, or ventral subiculum of the hippocampus. In other words, compared to control infusions, these intracranial injections of GABA-receptor agonists were able to block conditioned inhibitors from preventing the expression of sensitized locomotion. Together, these findings reveal the importance of conditioned inhibitors for regulating addiction-like behavior. The results suggest that dopaminergic and glutamatergic brain circuitry controls the context-specific expression of amphetamine sensitization.
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17
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Singh A, Xie Y, Davis A, Wang ZJ. Early social isolation stress increases addiction vulnerability to heroin and alters c-Fos expression in the mesocorticolimbic system. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:1081-1095. [PMID: 34997861 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-06024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Adverse psychosocial factors during early childhood or adolescence compromise neural structure and brain function, inducing susceptibility for many psychiatric disorders such as substance use disorder. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying early life stress-induced addiction vulnerability is still unclear, especially for opioids. OBJECTIVES To address this, we used a mouse heroin self-administration model to examine how chronic early social isolation (ESI) stress (5 weeks, beginning at weaning) affects the behavioral and neural responses to heroin during adulthood. RESULTS We found that ESI stress did not alter the acquisition for sucrose or heroin self-administration, nor change the motivation for sucrose on a progressive ratio schedule. However, ESI stress induced an upward shift of heroin dose-response curve in female mice and increased motivation and seeking for heroin in both sexes. Furthermore, we examined the neuronal activity (measured by c-Fos expression) within the key brain regions of the mesocorticolimbic system, including the prelimbic cortex (PrL), infralimbic cortex (IL), nucleus accumbens (NAc) core and shell, caudate putamen, and ventral tegmental area (VTA). We found that ESI stress dampened c-Fos expression in the PrL, IL, and VTA after 14-day forced abstinence, while augmented the neuronal responses to heroin-predictive context and cue in the IL and NAc core. Moreover, ESI stress disrupted the association between c-Fos expression and attempted infusions during heroin-seeking test in the PrL. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that ESI stress leads to increased seeking and motivation for heroin, and this may be associated with distinct changes in neuronal activities in different subregions of the mesocorticolimbic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Ashton Davis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Zi-Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
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18
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Gobin C, Sortman B, Rakela S, Quintana-Feliciano R, Warren BL. Fos-expressing neuronal ensembles in rat infralimbic cortex encode initial and maintained oxycodone seeking in rats. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13148. [PMID: 35229934 PMCID: PMC10167745 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal ensembles within the infralimbic cortex (IL) and their projections to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) mediate opiate seeking in well-trained rats. However, it is unclear how early this circuitry is recruited during oxycodone self-administration. Here, we used retrograde labelling (CTb) and immunohistochemistry to identify NAc-projecting neurons in the IL that were activated during initial oxycodone seeking. Next, we sought to determine the role of IL neuronal ensembles in initial oxycodone self-administration. We used the Daun02 procedure in male and female Fos-LacZ rats to chemogenetically inactivate IL Fos-expressing neurons at different time points in oxycodone self-administration training: immediately after meeting criteria for acquisition of behaviour and following nine daily sessions with increasing schedules of reinforcement (FR1, FR2 and FR3) in which rats demonstrated stable oxycodone intake under increasing effort to self-administer. We found that Daun02 infusions attenuated oxycodone seeking at both the initial learning and well-trained time points. These results suggest that IL neuronal ensembles are formed during initial learning of oxycodone self-administration and required for the maintenance and expression of oxycodone seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Gobin
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Bo Sortman
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Samantha Rakela
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Brandon L Warren
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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19
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Gipson CD, Dunn KE, Bull A, Ulangkaya H, Hossain A. Establishing preclinical withdrawal syndrome symptomatology following heroin self-administration in male and female rats. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2021; 29:636-649. [PMID: 32297787 PMCID: PMC8405057 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a significant health problem, and understanding mechanisms of various aspects of OUD including drug use and withdrawal is important. Preclinical models provide an ideal opportunity to evaluate mechanisms underlying opioid withdrawal. Current models are limited by their reliance upon forced opioid administration, focus on the acute (and not protracted) syndrome, and exclusion of females. In this study, male and female rats self-administered heroin (maintenance dose of 12.5 μg/kg/infusion) and opioid withdrawal after abrupt discontinuation was measured. In Phase 1, acute withdrawal symptoms were rated in male and female rats at 0, 16, 48, and 72 hr after the last self-administration session. Total somatic signs increased until 48 hr (predominantly in females), and heroin intake positively correlated with total somatic signs at the 48 and 72 hr timepoints. Measures of hyperactivity and anxiety-like behavior increased by 16 and 48 hr, respectively. In Phase 2, symptoms were assessed at baseline, acute, and protracted (168 and 312 hr after self-administration) timepoints in a subset of male and female rats from Phase 1. The total number of somatic signs did not differ across timepoints, though females displayed significantly higher body temperature at all timepoints compared with males, indicating sex-specific protracted withdrawal symptomatology. These data provide a thorough characterization of rodent opioid withdrawal symptomatology after self-administration and abrupt discontinuation that serve as a foundation for future studies designed to mimic the human experience, and demonstrate the importance of characterizing acute and protracted withdrawal with sex-specificity in preclinical models of opioid self-administration. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra D. Gipson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Kelly E. Dunn
- Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Amanda Bull
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Hanaa Ulangkaya
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Aronee Hossain
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
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20
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A novel approach to treating opioid use disorders: Dual agonists of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors and neuropeptide Y 2 receptors. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:1169-1179. [PMID: 34715149 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The widespread misuse of opioids and opioid use disorder (OUD) together constitute a major public health crisis in the United States. The greatest challenge for successfully treating OUD is preventing relapse. Unfortunately, there are few FDA-approved medications to treat OUD and, while effective, these pharmacotherapies are limited by high relapse rates. Thus, there is a critical need for conceptually new approaches to developing novel medications to treat OUD. Here, we review an emerging preclinical literature that suggests that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists could be re-purposed for treating OUD. Potential limitations of this approach are also discussed along with an alternative strategy that involves simultaneously targeting and activating GLP-1Rs and neuropeptide Y2 receptors (Y2Rs) in the brain using a novel monomeric dual agonist peptide. Recent studies indicate that this combinatorial pharmacotherapy approach attenuates voluntary fentanyl taking and seeking in rats without producing adverse effects associated with GLP-1R agonist monotherapy alone. While future studies are required to comprehensively determine the behavioral effects of GLP-1R agonists and dual agonists of GLP-1Rs and Y2Rs in rodent models of OUD, these provocative preclinical findings highlight a potential new GLP-1R-based approach to preventing relapse in humans with OUD.
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21
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Bossert JM, Townsend EA, Altidor LKP, Fredriksson I, Shekara A, Husbands S, Sulima A, Rice KC, Banks ML, Shaham Y. Sex differences in the effect of chronic delivery of the buprenorphine analogue BU08028 on heroin relapse and choice in a rat model of opioid maintenance. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:227-241. [PMID: 34505281 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Maintenance treatment with opioid agonists (buprenorphine, methadone) decreases opioid use and relapse. We recently modelled maintenance treatment in rats and found that chronic delivery of buprenorphine or the μ opioid receptor partial agonist TRV130 decreased relapse to oxycodone seeking and taking. Here, we tested the buprenorphine analogue BU08028 on different heroin relapse-related measures and heroin versus food choice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH For relapse assessment, we trained male and female rats to self-administer heroin (6 h·day-1 , 14 days) in Context A and then implanted osmotic minipumps containing BU08028 (0, 0.03 or 0.1 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 ). Effects of chronic BU08028 delivery were tested on (1) incubation of heroin-seeking in a non-drug Context B, (2) extinction responding reinforced by heroin-associated discrete cues in Context B, (3) reinstatement of heroin-seeking induced by re-exposure to Context A and (4) re-acquisition of heroin self-administration in Context A. For choice assessment, we tested the effect of chronic BU08028 delivery on heroin versus food choice. KEY RESULTS Chronic BU08028 delivery decreased incubation of heroin seeking. Unexpectedly, BU08028 increased re-acquisition of heroin self-administration selectively in females. Chronic BU08028 had minimal effects on context-induced reinstatement and heroin versus food choice in both sexes. Finally, exploratory post hoc analyses suggest that BU08028 decreased extinction responding selectively in males. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Chronic BU08028 delivery had both beneficial and detrimental, sex-dependent, effects on different triggers of heroin relapse and minimal effects on heroin choice in both sexes. Results suggest that BU08028 would not be an effective opioid maintenance treatment in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E Andrew Townsend
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Ida Fredriksson
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, IRP/NIDA/NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aniruddha Shekara
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, IRP/NIDA/NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen Husbands
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Agnieszka Sulima
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, IRP/NIDA/NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Chemical Biology Research Branch, IRP/NIAAA/NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, IRP/NIDA/NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Chemical Biology Research Branch, IRP/NIAAA/NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew L Banks
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Yavin Shaham
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, IRP/NIDA/NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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22
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Sabran-Cohen T, Bright U, Mizrachi Zer-Aviv T, Akirav I. Rapamycin prevents the long-term impairing effects of adolescence Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on memory and plasticity in male rats. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:6104-6122. [PMID: 34405459 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Long-lasting cognitive impairment is one of the most central negative consequences related to the exposure to cannabis during adolescence and particularly of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The aim of this study was to compare the protracted effects of adolescent versus late-adolescent chronic exposure to THC on short-term memory and plasticity and to examine whether rapamycin, a blocker of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, can restore THC-induced deficits in memory and plasticity. Male rats were injected with ascending doses of THC [2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg; intraperitoneally (i.p.)] during adolescence and late-adolescence (post-natal days 30-41 and 45-56, respectively), followed by daily injections of rapamycin (1 mg/kg, i.p.) during the first 10 days of cessation from THC. Thirty days after the last injection, rats were tested for short-term and working memory, anxiety-like behaviour, and plasticity in the pathways projecting from the ventral subiculum (vSub) of the hippocampus to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). THC exposure in adolescence, but not late-adolescence, was found to induce long-term deficits in object recognition short-term memory and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal-accumbens pathway. Importantly, rapamycin rescued these persistent effects of THC administered during adolescence. Our findings show that some forms of memory and plasticity are sensitive to chronic THC administration during adolescence and that rapamycin administered during THC cessation may restore cognitive function and plasticity, thus potentially protecting against the possible long-term harmful effects of THC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Sabran-Cohen
- Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Uri Bright
- Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tomer Mizrachi Zer-Aviv
- Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Irit Akirav
- Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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23
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Fredriksson I, Venniro M, Reiner DJ, Chow JJ, Bossert JM, Shaham Y. Animal Models of Drug Relapse and Craving after Voluntary Abstinence: A Review. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:1050-1083. [PMID: 34257149 PMCID: PMC11060480 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapse to drug use during abstinence is a defining feature of addiction. During the last several decades, this clinical scenario has been studied at the preclinical level using classic relapse/reinstatement models in which drug seeking is assessed after experimenter-imposed home-cage forced abstinence or extinction of the drug-reinforced responding in the self-administration chambers. To date, however, results from studies using rat relapse/reinstatement models have yet to result in Food and Drug Administration-approved medications for relapse prevention. The reasons for this state of affairs are complex and multifaceted, but one potential reason is that, in humans, abstinence is often self-imposed or voluntary and occurs either because the negative consequences of drug use outweigh the drug's rewarding effects or because of the availability of nondrug alternative rewards that are chosen over the drug. Based on these considerations, we and others have recently developed rat models of relapse after voluntary abstinence, achieved either by introducing adverse consequences to drug taking (punishment) or seeking (electric barrier) or by providing mutually exclusive choices between the self-administered drug and nondrug rewards (palatable food or social interaction). In this review, we provide an overview of these translationally relevant relapse models and discuss recent neuropharmacological findings from studies using these models. We also discuss sex as a biological variable, future directions, and clinical implications of results from relapse studies using voluntary abstinence models. Our main conclusion is that the neuropharmacological mechanisms controlling relapse to drug seeking after voluntary abstinence are often different from the mechanisms controlling relapse after home-cage forced abstinence or reinstatement after extinction. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review describes recently developed rat models of relapse after voluntary abstinence, achieved either by introducing adverse consequences to drug taking or seeking or by providing mutually exclusive choices between the self-administered drug and nondrug rewards. This review discusses recent neuropharmacological findings from studies using these models and discusses future directions and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Fredriksson
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (I.F., M.V., D.J.R., J.J.C., J.M.B., Y.S.), and Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marco Venniro
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (I.F., M.V., D.J.R., J.J.C., J.M.B., Y.S.), and Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - David J Reiner
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (I.F., M.V., D.J.R., J.J.C., J.M.B., Y.S.), and Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jonathan J Chow
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (I.F., M.V., D.J.R., J.J.C., J.M.B., Y.S.), and Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jennifer M Bossert
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (I.F., M.V., D.J.R., J.J.C., J.M.B., Y.S.), and Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Yavin Shaham
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (I.F., M.V., D.J.R., J.J.C., J.M.B., Y.S.), and Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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24
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Walker LC, Huckstep KL, Chen NA, Hand LJ, Lindsley CW, Langmead CJ, Lawrence AJ. Muscarinic M 4 and M 5 receptors in the ventral subiculum differentially modulate alcohol seeking versus consumption in male alcohol-preferring rats. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:3730-3746. [PMID: 33942300 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors mediate alcohol consumption and seeking in rats. While M4 and M5 receptors have recently been implicated to mediate these behaviours in the striatum, their role in other brain regions remain unknown. The ventral tegmental area (VTA) and ventral subiculum (vSub) both densely express M4 and M5 receptors and modulate alcohol-seeking, via their projections to the nucleus accumbens shell (AcbSh). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In Indiana alcohol-preferring (iP) male rats, we examined Chrm4 (M4 ) and Chrm5 (M5 ) expression in the VTA and vSub following long-term alcohol consumption and abstinence using RT-qPCR. Using a combination of retrograde tracing and RNAscope, we examined the localisation of Chrm4 and Chrm5 on vSub cells that project to the AcbSh. Using selective allosteric modulators, we examined the functional role of M4 and M5 receptors within the vSub in alcohol consumption, context-induced alcohol-seeking, locomotor activity, and food/water consumption. KEY RESULTS Long-term alcohol and abstinence dysregulated the expression of genes for muscarinic receptors in the vSub, not in the VTA. Chrm4 was down-regulated following long-term alcohol and abstinence, while Chrm5 was up-regulated following long-term alcohol consumption. Consistent with these data, a positive allosteric modulator (VU0467154) of intra-vSub M4 receptors reduced context-induced alcohol-seeking, but not motivation for alcohol self-administration, while M5 receptor negative allosteric modulator (ML375) reduced initial motivation for alcohol self-administration, but not context-induced alcohol-seeking. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Collectively, our data highlight alcohol-induced cholinergic dysregulation in the vSub and distinct roles for M4 and M5 receptor allosteric modulators to reduce alcohol consumption or seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh C Walker
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate L Huckstep
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicola A Chen
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lexi J Hand
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christopher J Langmead
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew J Lawrence
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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25
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Chronic intermittent ethanol promotes ventral subiculum hyperexcitability via increases in extrinsic basolateral amygdala input and local network activity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8749. [PMID: 33888757 PMCID: PMC8062451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87899-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus, particularly its ventral domain, can promote negative affective states (i.e. stress and anxiety) that play an integral role in the development and persistence of alcohol use disorder (AUD). The ventral hippocampus (vHC) receives strong excitatory input from the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and the BLA-vHC projection bidirectionally modulates anxiety-like behaviors. However, no studies have examined the effects of chronic alcohol on the BLA-vHC circuit. In the present study, we used ex vivo electrophysiology in conjunction with optogenetic approaches to examine the effects of chronic intermittent ethanol exposure (CIE), a well-established rodent model of AUD, on the BLA-vHC projection and putative intrinsic vHC synaptic plasticity. We discovered prominent BLA innervation in the subicular region of the vHC (vSub). CIE led to an overall increase in the excitatory/inhibitory balance, an increase in AMPA/NMDA ratios but no change in paired-pulse ratios, consistent with a postsynaptic increase in excitability in the BLA-vSub circuit. CIE treatment also led to an increase in intrinsic network excitability in the vSub. Overall, our findings suggest a hyperexcitable state in BLA-vSub specific inputs as well as intrinsic inputs to vSub pyramidal neurons which may contribute to the negative affective behaviors associated with CIE.
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26
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Cheng Y, Xie X, Lu J, Gangal H, Wang W, Melo S, Wang X, Jerger J, Woodson K, Garr E, Huang Y, Janak P, Wang J. Optogenetic induction of orbitostriatal long-term potentiation in the dorsomedial striatum elicits a persistent reduction of alcohol-seeking behavior in rats. Neuropharmacology 2021; 191:108560. [PMID: 33894220 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled drug-seeking and -taking behaviors are generally driven by maladaptive corticostriatal synaptic plasticity. The orbital frontal cortex (OFC) and its projections to the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) have been extensively implicated in drug-seeking and relapse behaviors. The influence of the synaptic plasticity of OFC projections to the DMS (OFC→DMS) on drug-seeking and -taking behaviors has not been fully characterized. To investigate this, we trained rats to self-administer 20% alcohol and then delivered an in vivo optogenetic protocol designed to induce long-term potentiation (LTP) selectively at OFC→DMS synapses. We selected LTP induction because we found that voluntary alcohol self-administration suppressed OFC→DMS transmission and LTP may normalize this transmission, consequently reducing alcohol-seeking behavior. Importantly, ex vivo slice electrophysiology studies confirmed that this in vivo optical stimulation protocol resulted in a significant increase in excitatory OFC→DMS transmission strength on day two after stimulation, suggesting that LTP was induced in vivo. Rat alcohol-seeking and -taking behaviors were significantly reduced on days 1-3, but not on days 7-11, after LTP induction. Striatal synaptic plasticity is modulated by several critical neurotransmitter receptors, including dopamine D1 receptors (D1Rs) and adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs). We found that delivery of in vivo optical stimulation in the presence of a D1R antagonist abolished the LTP-associated decrease in alcohol-seeking behavior, whereas delivery in the presence of an A2AR antagonist may facilitate this LTP-induced behavioral change. These results demonstrate that alcohol-seeking behavior was negatively regulated by the potentiation of excitatory OFC→DMS neurotransmission. Our findings provide direct evidence that the OFC exerts "top-down" control of alcohol-seeking behavior via the DMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Cheng
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA; Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Xueyi Xie
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Jiayi Lu
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Himanshu Gangal
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Sebastian Melo
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Xuehua Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Jared Jerger
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Kayla Woodson
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Eric Garr
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Yufei Huang
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Patricia Janak
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA.
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27
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Bouton ME, Maren S, McNally GP. BEHAVIORAL AND NEUROBIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF PAVLOVIAN AND INSTRUMENTAL EXTINCTION LEARNING. Physiol Rev 2021; 101:611-681. [PMID: 32970967 PMCID: PMC8428921 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00016.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the behavioral neuroscience of extinction, the phenomenon in which a behavior that has been acquired through Pavlovian or instrumental (operant) learning decreases in strength when the outcome that reinforced it is removed. Behavioral research indicates that neither Pavlovian nor operant extinction depends substantially on erasure of the original learning but instead depends on new inhibitory learning that is primarily expressed in the context in which it is learned, as exemplified by the renewal effect. Although the nature of the inhibition may differ in Pavlovian and operant extinction, in either case the decline in responding may depend on both generalization decrement and the correction of prediction error. At the neural level, Pavlovian extinction requires a tripartite neural circuit involving the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus. Synaptic plasticity in the amygdala is essential for extinction learning, and prefrontal cortical inhibition of amygdala neurons encoding fear memories is involved in extinction retrieval. Hippocampal-prefrontal circuits mediate fear relapse phenomena, including renewal. Instrumental extinction involves distinct ensembles in corticostriatal, striatopallidal, and striatohypothalamic circuits as well as their thalamic returns for inhibitory (extinction) and excitatory (renewal and other relapse phenomena) control over operant responding. The field has made significant progress in recent decades, although a fully integrated biobehavioral understanding still awaits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Bouton
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Stephen Maren
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Gavan P McNally
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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28
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Heinsbroek JA, De Vries TJ, Peters J. Glutamatergic Systems and Memory Mechanisms Underlying Opioid Addiction. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:cshperspect.a039602. [PMID: 32341068 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a039602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and is of critical importance for the synaptic and circuit mechanisms that underlie opioid addiction. Opioid memories formed over the course of repeated drug use and withdrawal can become powerful stimuli that trigger craving and relapse, and glutamatergic neurotransmission is essential for the formation and maintenance of these memories. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which glutamate, dopamine, and opioid signaling interact to mediate the primary rewarding effects of opioids, and cover the glutamatergic systems and circuits that mediate the expression, extinction, and reinstatement of opioid seeking over the course of opioid addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper A Heinsbroek
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Taco J De Vries
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, 1081HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jamie Peters
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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29
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Motivational competition and the paraventricular thalamus. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:193-207. [PMID: 33609570 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although significant progress has been made in understanding the behavioral and brain mechanisms for motivational systems, much less is known about competition between motivational states or motivational conflict (e.g., approach - avoidance conflict). Despite being produced under diverse conditions, behavior during motivational competition has two signatures: bistability and metastability. These signatures reveal the operation of positive feedback mechanisms in behavioral selection. Different neuronal architectures can instantiate this selection to achieve bistability and metastability in behavior, but each relies on circuit-level inhibition to achieve rapid and stable selection between competing tendencies. Paraventricular thalamus (PVT) is identified as critical to this circuit level inhibition, resolving motivational competition via its extensive projections to local inhibitory networks in the ventral striatum and extended amygdala, enabling adaptive responding under motivational conflict.
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30
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A Conantokin Peptide Con-T[M8Q] Inhibits Morphine Dependence with High Potency and Low Side Effects. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19010044. [PMID: 33478061 PMCID: PMC7835912 DOI: 10.3390/md19010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists have been found to be effective to inhibit morphine dependence. However, the discovery of the selective antagonist for NMDAR GluN2B with low side-effects still remains challenging. In the present study, we report a selective NMDAR GluN2B antagonist con-T[M8Q](a conantokin-T variant) that potently inhibits the naloxone-induced jumping and conditioned place preference of morphine-dependent mice at nmol/kg level, 100-fold higher than ifenprodil, a classical NMDAR NR2B antagonist. Con-T[M8Q] displays no significant impacts on coordinated locomotion function, spontaneous locomotor activity, and spatial memory mice motor function at the dose used. Further molecular mechanism experiments demonstrate that con-T[M8Q] effectively inhibited the transcription and expression levels of signaling molecules related to NMDAR NR2B subunit in hippocampus, including NR2B, p-NR2B, CaMKII-α, CaMKII-β, CaMKIV, pERK, and c-fos. The high efficacy and low side effects of con-T[M8Q] make it a good lead compound for the treatment of opiate dependence and for the reduction of morphine usage.
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31
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Salisbury AJ, Blackwood CA, Cadet JL. Prolonged Withdrawal From Escalated Oxycodone Is Associated With Increased Expression of Glutamate Receptors in the Rat Hippocampus. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:617973. [PMID: 33536871 PMCID: PMC7848144 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.617973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
People suffering from opioid use disorder (OUD) exhibit cognitive dysfunctions. Here, we investigated potential changes in the expression of glutamate receptors in rat hippocampi at 2 h and 31 days after the last session of oxycodone self-administration (SA). RNA extracted from the hippocampus was used in quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses. Rats, given long-access (9 h per day) to oxycodone (LgA), took significantly more drug than rats exposed to short-access (3 h per day) (ShA). In addition, LgA rats could be further divided into higher oxycodone taking (LgA-H) or lower oxycodone taking (LgA-L) groups, based on a cut-off of 50 infusions per day. LgA rats, but not ShA, rats exhibited incubation of oxycodone craving. In addition, LgA rats showed increased mRNA expression of GluA1-3 and GluN2a-c subunits as well as Grm3, Grm5, Grm6, and Grm8 subtypes of glutamate receptors after 31 days but not after 2 h of stopping the SA experiment. Changes in GluA1-3, Grm6, and Grm8 mRNA levels also correlated with increased lever pressing (incubation) after long periods of withdrawal from oxycodone. More studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in altering the expression of these receptors during withdrawal from oxycodone and/or incubation of drug seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jean Lud Cadet
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Molecular Neuropsychiatry Branch, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Paniccia JE, Weckstein TN, Lebonville CL, Lysle DT. Female rats express heroin-induced and -conditioned suppression of peripheral nitric oxide production in response to endotoxin challenge. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 91:315-323. [PMID: 33039661 PMCID: PMC7749831 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioids and opioid-conditioned stimuli (CS) negatively alter host immunity, impairing the response to pathogens during opioid use and following drug cessation. Using male rats, our laboratory has determined that heroin or heroin-CS exposure preceding a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge markedly suppresses normal induction of peripheral pro-inflammatory biomarkers. Presently, it is unknown if these heroin-induced and -conditioned effects extend to the female immune response. To begin this venture, the current study tested the direct effects of heroin and heroin-CS on LPS-induced peripheral nitric oxide (NO) production in female rats. We focused investigations on peripheral NO as it is a critical pro-inflammatory molecule necessary for pathogen resistance. In Experiment 1, male and female Lewis rats were administered 0 (Saline), 1, or 3 mg/kg heroin subcutaneously (s.c). Sixty minutes later, animals were injected with LPS (1 mg/kg, s.c.). Spleen and plasma samples were collected 6 h later to examine NO production through inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression and nitrate/nitrite concentration, respectively. In Experiment 2, female Lewis rats underwent five, 60-minute context conditioning sessions with heroin (1 mg/kg, s.c.) or saline. On test day, CS-exposed and control (home cage) animals were injected with LPS (1 mg/kg, s.c.). Tissue was collected 6 h later to examine splenic iNOS expression and plasma nitrate/nitrite concentration. Both heroin administration alone and exposure to heroin-CS suppressed LPS-induced indices of NO production in spleen and plasma. Our results are the first to indicate that, similar to males, female rats express heroin-induced and -conditioned immunomodulation to a LPS challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline E Paniccia
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Taylor N Weckstein
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christina L Lebonville
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Donald T Lysle
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Cooperative synaptic and intrinsic plasticity in a disynaptic limbic circuit drive stress-induced anhedonia and passive coping in mice. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1860-1879. [PMID: 32161361 PMCID: PMC7735389 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0686-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stress promotes negative affective states, which include anhedonia and passive coping. While these features are in part mediated by neuroadaptations in brain reward circuitry, a comprehensive framework of how stress-induced negative affect may be encoded within key nodes of this circuit is lacking. Here, we show in a mouse model for stress-induced anhedonia and passive coping that these phenomena are associated with increased synaptic strength of ventral hippocampus (VH) excitatory synapses onto D1 medium spiny neurons (D1-MSNs) in the nucleus accumbens medial shell (NAcmSh), and with lateral hypothalamus (LH)-projecting D1-MSN hyperexcitability mediated by decreased inwardly rectifying potassium channel (IRK) function. Stress-induced negative affective states are prevented by depotentiation of VH to NAcmSh synapses, restoring Kir2.1 function in D1R-MSNs, or disrupting co-participation of these synaptic and intrinsic adaptations in D1-MSNs. In conclusion, our data provide strong evidence for a disynaptic pathway controlling maladaptive emotional behavior.
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Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) represents a major public health problem that affects millions of people in the USA and worldwide. The relapsing and recurring aspect of OUD, driven by lasting neurobiological adaptations at different reward centres in the brain, represents a major obstacle towards successful long-term remission from opioid use. Currently, three drugs that modulate the function of the opioidergic receptors, methadone, buprenorphine and naltrexone have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat OUD. In this review, we discuss the limitations and challenges associated with the current maintenance and medication-assisted withdrawal strategies commonly used to treat OUD. We further explore the involvement of glutamatergic, endocannabinoid and orexin signaling systems in the development, maintenance and expression of addiction-like behaviours in animal models of opioid addiction, and as potential and novel targets to expand therapeutic options to treat OUD. Despite a growing preclinical literature highlighting the role of these potential targets in animal models of opioid addiction, clinical and translational studies for novel treatments of OUD remain limited and inconclusive. Further preclinical and clinical investigations are needed to expand the arsenal of primary treatment options and adjuncts to maximise efficacy and prevent relapse.
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Lebonville CL, Paniccia JE, Parekh SV, Wangler LM, Jones ME, Fuchs RA, Lysle DT. Expression of a heroin contextually conditioned immune effect in male rats requires CaMKIIα-expressing neurons in dorsal, but not ventral, subiculum and hippocampal CA1. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 89:414-422. [PMID: 32717403 PMCID: PMC7572614 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological and motivational effects of heroin and other abused drugs become associated with environmental (contextual) stimuli during repeated drug use. As a result, these contextual stimuli gain the ability to elicit drug-like conditioned effects. For example, after context-heroin pairings, exposure to the heroin-paired context alone produces similar effects on peripheral immune function as heroin itself. Conditioned immune effects can significantly exacerbate the adverse health consequences of heroin use. Our laboratory has shown that exposure to a heroin-paired context suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced splenic nitric oxide (NO) production in male rats, and this effect is mediated in part by the dorsal hippocampus (dHpc). However, specific dHpc output regions, whose efferents might mediate conditioned immune effects, have not been identified, nor has the contribution of ventral hippocampus (vHpc) been investigated. Here, we evaluated the role of CaMKIIα-expressing neurons in the dHpc and vHpc main output regions by expressing Gi-coupled designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) under a CaMKIIα promoter in the dorsal subiculum and CA1 (dSub, dCA1) or ventral subiculum and CA1 (vSub, vCA1). After context-heroin conditioning, clozapine-N-oxide (CNO, DREADD agonist) or vehicle was administered systemically prior to heroin-paired context (or home-cage control) exposure and LPS immune challenge. Chemogenetic inhibition of CaMKIIα-expressing neurons in dHpc, but not vHpc, output regions attenuated the expression of conditioned splenic NO suppression. These results establish that the main dHpc output regions, the dSub and dCA1, are critical for this context-heroin conditioned immune effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L. Lebonville
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3270, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270 USA
| | - Jacqueline E. Paniccia
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3270, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270 USA
| | - Shveta V. Parekh
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3270, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270 USA
| | - Lynde M. Wangler
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3270, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270 USA
| | - Meghan E. Jones
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3270, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270 USA
| | - Rita A. Fuchs
- Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, P.O. Box 647620, Pullman, WA, 99164-7620, USA
| | - Donald T. Lysle
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3270, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270 USA,Corresponding Author: , Telephone: +1-919-962-3088, Fax: +1-919-962-2537
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Piantadosi PT, Yeates DCM, Floresco SB. Prefrontal cortical and nucleus accumbens contributions to discriminative conditioned suppression of reward-seeking. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:429-440. [PMID: 32934096 PMCID: PMC7497111 DOI: 10.1101/lm.051912.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fear can potently inhibit ongoing behavior, including reward-seeking, yet the neural circuits that underlie such suppression remain to be clarified. Prior studies have demonstrated that distinct subregions of the rodent medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) differentially affect fear behavior, whereby fear expression is promoted by the more dorsal prelimbic cortex (PL) and inhibited by the more ventral infralimbic cortex (IL). These mPFC regions project to subregions of the nucleus accumbens, the core (NAcC) and shell (NAcS), that differentially contribute to reward-seeking as well as affective processes that may be relevant to fear expression. Here, we investigated how these mPFC and NAc subregions contribute to discriminative fear conditioning, assessed by conditioned suppression of reward-seeking. Bilateral inactivation of the NAcS or PL reduced the expression of conditioned suppression to a shock-associated CS+, whereas NAcC inactivation reduced reward-seeking without affecting suppression. IL inactivation caused a general reduction in conditioned suppression following discriminative conditioning, but not when using a single-stimulus design. Pharmacological disconnection of the PL → NAcS pathway revealed that this projection mediates conditioned suppression. These data add to a growing literature implicating discrete cortico-striatal pathways in the suppression of reward-seeking in response to aversive stimuli. Dysfunction within related structures may contribute to aberrant patterns of behavior in psychiatric illnesses including substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Piantadosi
- Department of Psychology and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Dylan C M Yeates
- Department of Psychology and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Stan B Floresco
- Department of Psychology and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Valyear MD, Glovaci I, Zaari A, Lahlou S, Trujillo-Pisanty I, Andrew Chapman C, Chaudhri N. Dissociable mesolimbic dopamine circuits control responding triggered by alcohol-predictive discrete cues and contexts. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3764. [PMID: 32724058 PMCID: PMC7534644 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Context can influence reactions to environmental cues and this elemental process has implications for substance use disorder. Using an animal model, we show that an alcohol-associated context elevates entry into a fluid port triggered by a conditioned stimulus (CS) that predicted alcohol (CS-triggered alcohol-seeking). This effect persists across multiple sessions and, after it diminishes in extinction, the alcohol context retains the capacity to augment reinstatement. Systemically administered eticlopride and chemogenetic inhibition of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons reduce CS-triggered alcohol-seeking. Chemogenetically silencing VTA dopamine terminals in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core reduces CS-triggered alcohol-seeking, irrespective of context, whereas silencing VTA dopamine terminals in the NAc shell selectively reduces the elevation of CS-triggered alcohol-seeking in an alcohol context. This dissociation reveals new roles for divergent mesolimbic dopamine circuits in the control of responding to a discrete cue for alcohol and in the amplification of this behaviour in an alcohol context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan D Valyear
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Iulia Glovaci
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Audrey Zaari
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Soraya Lahlou
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ivan Trujillo-Pisanty
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - C Andrew Chapman
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nadia Chaudhri
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Basolateral amygdala - nucleus accumbens circuitry regulates optimal cue-guided risk/reward decision making. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 98:109830. [PMID: 31811876 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Maladaptive decision making is a characteristic feature of substance use disorder and pathological gambling. Studies in humans and animals have implicated neural circuits that include the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) in facilitating risk/reward decision making. However, the preclinical literature has focussed primarily on situations where animals use internally-generated information to adapt to changes in reward likelihood, whereas many real-life situations require the use of external stimuli to facilitate context-appropriate behavior. We recently developed the "Blackjack" task, to measure cued risk/reward decision making requiring rats to chose between Small/Certain and Large/Risky rewards, with auditory cues at the start of each trial explicitly informing that the probability of obtaining a large reward was either good (50%) or poor (12.5%). Here we investigated the contribution of the BLA and its interaction with the NAc in guiding these types of decisions. In well-trained male rats, bilateral inactivation of the BLA induced suboptimal decision making, primarily by reducing risky choice on good-odds trials. In comparison, pharmacological disconnection of the BLA and NAc-shell also induced suboptimal decision making, diverting choice from more preferred option by reducing or increasing risky choice on good vs. poor odds trials respectively. Together, these results suggest that the BLA-NAc circuitry plays a crucial role in integrating information provided by discriminative stimuli. Furthermore, this circuitry may aid in guiding action selection of advantageous options in situations to maximize rewards. Finally, they suggest that perturbations in optimal decision making observed in substance abuse and gambling disorders may be driven in part by dysfunction within this circuitry.
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Activation of GLP-1 receptors attenuates oxycodone taking and seeking without compromising the antinociceptive effects of oxycodone in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:451-461. [PMID: 31581176 PMCID: PMC6969180 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0531-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the effectiveness of current medications to treat opioid use disorder, there is still a high rate of relapse following detoxification. Thus, there is critical need for innovative studies aimed at identifying novel neurobiological mechanisms that could be targeted to treat opioid use disorder. A growing body of preclinical evidence indicates that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists reduce drug reinforcement. However, the efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists in attenuating opioid-mediated behaviors has not been thoroughly investigated. Using recently established models of opioid-taking and -seeking behaviors, we showed that systemic administration of the GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4 reduced oxycodone self-administration and the reinstatement of oxycodone-seeking behavior in rats. We also identified behaviorally selective doses of exendin-4 that reduced opioid-taking and -seeking behaviors and did not produce adverse feeding effects in oxycodone-experienced rats. To identify a central site of action, we showed that systemic exendin-4 penetrated the brain and bound putative GLP-1 receptors on dopamine D1 receptor- and dopamine D2 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens shell. Consistent with our systemic studies, infusions of exendin-4 directly into the accumbens shell attenuated oxycodone self-administration and the reinstatement of oxycodone-seeking behavior without affecting ad libitum food intake. Finally, exendin-4 did not alter the analgesic effects of oxycodone, suggesting that activation of GLP-1 receptors attenuated opioid reinforcement without reducing the thermal antinociceptive effects of oxycodone. Taken together, these findings suggest that GLP-1 receptors could serve as potential molecular targets for pharmacotherapies aimed at reducing opioid use disorder.
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Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a chronic relapsing disorder that, whilst initially driven by activation of brain reward neurocircuits, increasingly engages anti-reward neurocircuits that drive adverse emotional states and relapse. However, successful recovery is possible with appropriate treatment, although with a persisting propensity to relapse. The individual and public health burdens of OUD are immense; 26.8 million people were estimated to be living with OUD globally in 2016, with >100,000 opioid overdose deaths annually, including >47,000 in the USA in 2017. Well-conducted trials have demonstrated that long-term opioid agonist therapy with methadone and buprenorphine have great efficacy for OUD treatment and can save lives. New forms of the opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone are also being studied. Some frequently used approaches have less scientifically robust evidence but are nevertheless considered important, including community preventive strategies, harm reduction interventions to reduce adverse sequelae from ongoing use and mutual aid groups. Other commonly used approaches, such as detoxification alone, lack scientific evidence. Delivery of effective prevention and treatment responses is often complicated by coexisting comorbidities and inadequate support, as well as by conflicting public and political opinions. Science has a crucial role to play in informing public attitudes and developing fuller evidence to understand OUD and its associated harms, as well as in obtaining the evidence today that will improve the prevention and treatment interventions of tomorrow.
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Venniro M, Russell TI, Zhang M, Shaham Y. Operant Social Reward Decreases Incubation of Heroin Craving in Male and Female Rats. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:848-856. [PMID: 31326085 PMCID: PMC8383184 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently reported that operant social choice-induced voluntary abstinence prevents incubation of methamphetamine craving. Here, we determined whether social choice-induced voluntary abstinence would prevent incubation of heroin craving. We also introduce a fully automatic social reward self-administration model that eliminates the intense workload and rat-human interaction of the original semiautomatic model. METHODS In experiment 1, we trained male and female rats for social self-administration (6 days) and then for heroin self-administration (12 days). Next, we assessed relapse to heroin seeking after 1 and 15 abstinence days. Between tests, the rats underwent either forced or social choice-induced abstinence. In experiment 2, we developed a fully automatic social self-administration procedure by introducing a screen between the self-administration chamber and the social-peer chamber; the screen allows physical contact but prevents rats from crossing chambers. Next, we compared incubation of craving in rats with a history of standard (no-screen) or automatic (screen) social self-administration and social choice-induced abstinence. RESULTS The time-dependent increase in heroin seeking after cessation of drug self-administration (incubation of craving) was lower after social choice-induced abstinence than after forced abstinence. There were no differences in social self-administration, social choice-induced abstinence, and incubation of craving in rats trained in the standard semiautomatic procedure versus the novel fully automatic procedure. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the protective effect of rewarding social interaction on heroin self-administration and incubation of heroin craving and introduces a fully automatic social self-administration and choice procedure to investigate the role of volitional social interaction in drug addiction and other psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Venniro
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Trinity I Russell
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michelle Zhang
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yavin Shaham
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Nasseef MT, Singh JP, Ehrlich AT, McNicholas M, Park DW, Ma W, Kulkarni P, Kieffer BL, Darcq E. Oxycodone-Mediated Activation of the Mu Opioid Receptor Reduces Whole Brain Functional Connectivity in Mice. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2019; 2:264-274. [PMID: 32259060 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxycodone is a potent medicinal opioid analgesic to treat pain. It is also addictive and a main cause for the current opioid crisis. At present, the impact of oxycodone on coordinated brain network activities, and contribution of the mu opioid receptor (MOR) to these effects, is unknown. We used pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging in mice to characterize MOR-mediated oxycodone effects on whole-brain functional connectivity (FC). Control (CTL) and MOR knockout (KO) animals were imaged under dexmedetomidine in a 7Tesla scanner. Acquisition was performed continuously before and after 2 mg/kg oxycodone administration (analgesic in CTL mice). Independent component analysis (data-driven) produced a correlation matrix, showing widespread oxycodone-induced reduction of FC across 71 components. Isocortex, nucleus accumbens (NAc), pontine reticular nucleus, and periacqueducal gray (PAG) components showed the highest number of significant changes. Seed-to-voxel FC analysis (hypothesis-driven) was then focused on PAG and NAc considered key pain and reward centers. The two seeds showed reduced FC with 8 and 22 Allen Brain Atlas-based regions, respectively, in CTL but not KO mice. Further seed-to-seed quantification showed highest FC modifications of both PAG and NAc seeds with hypothalamic and amygdalar areas, as well as between them, revealing the strongest impact across reward and aversion/pain centers of the brain. In conclusion, we demonstrate that oxycodone reduces brain communication in a MOR-dependent manner, and establish a preliminary whole-brain FC signature of oxycodone. This proof-of-principle study provides a unique platform and reference data set to test other MOR opioid agonists and perhaps discover new mechanisms and FC biomarkers predicting safer analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Taufiq Nasseef
- Douglas Hospital Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Jai Puneet Singh
- Douglas Hospital Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Aliza T Ehrlich
- Douglas Hospital Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Michael McNicholas
- Douglas Hospital Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Da Woon Park
- Douglas Hospital Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Weiya Ma
- Douglas Hospital Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Praveen Kulkarni
- Center for Translational Neuro-Imaging, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Brigitte L Kieffer
- Douglas Hospital Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Darcq
- Douglas Hospital Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
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Formation of a morphine-conditioned place preference does not change the size of evoked potentials in the ventral hippocampus-nucleus accumbens projection. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5206. [PMID: 30914714 PMCID: PMC6435809 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41568-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In opioid addiction, cues and contexts associated with drug reward can be powerful triggers for drug craving and relapse. The synapses linking ventral hippocampal outputs to medium spiny neurons of the accumbens may be key sites for the formation and storage of associations between place or context and reward, both drug-related and natural. To assess this, we implanted rats with electrodes in the accumbens shell to record synaptic potentials evoked by electrical stimulation of the ventral hippocampus, as well as continuous local-field-potential activity. Rats then underwent morphine-induced (10 mg/kg) conditioned-place-preference training, followed by extinction. Morphine caused an acute increase in the slope and amplitude of accumbens evoked responses, but no long-term changes were evident after conditioning or extinction of the place preference, suggesting that the formation of this type of memory does not lead to a net change in synaptic strength in the ventral hippocampal output to the accumbens. However, analysis of the local field potential revealed a marked sensitization of theta- and high-gamma-frequency activity with repeated morphine administration. This phenomenon may be linked to the behavioral changes—such as psychomotor sensitization and the development of drug craving—that are associated with chronic use of addictive drugs.
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Reiner DJ, Fredriksson I, Lofaro OM, Bossert JM, Shaham Y. Relapse to opioid seeking in rat models: behavior, pharmacology and circuits. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:465-477. [PMID: 30293087 PMCID: PMC6333846 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lifetime relapse rates remain a major obstacle in addressing the current opioid crisis. Relapse to opioid use can be modeled in rodent studies where drug self-administration is followed by a period of abstinence and a subsequent test for drug seeking. Abstinence can be achieved through extinction training, forced abstinence, or voluntary abstinence. Voluntary abstinence can be accomplished by introducing adverse consequences of continued drug self-administration (e.g., punishment or electric barrier) or by introducing an alternative nondrug reward in a discrete choice procedure (drug versus palatable food or social interaction). In this review, we first discuss pharmacological and circuit mechanisms of opioid seeking, as assessed in the classical extinction-reinstatement model, where reinstatement is induced by reexposure to the self-administered drug (drug priming), discrete cues, discriminative cues, drug-associated contexts, different forms of stress, or withdrawal states. Next, we discuss pharmacological and circuit mechanisms of relapse after forced or voluntary abstinence, including the phenomenon of "incubation of heroin craving" (the time-dependent increases in heroin seeking during abstinence). We conclude by discussing future directions of preclinical relapse-related studies using opioid drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Reiner
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, IRP-NIDA-NIH, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Ida Fredriksson
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, IRP-NIDA-NIH, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Olivia M. Lofaro
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, IRP-NIDA-NIH, Baltimore, MD USA
| | | | - Yavin Shaham
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, IRP-NIDA-NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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45
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Context-induced relapse after extinction versus punishment: similarities and differences. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:439-448. [PMID: 29799072 PMCID: PMC6373446 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4929-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Results from clinical studies suggest that drug relapse and craving are often provoked by exposure to drug-associated contexts. Since 2002, this phenomenon has been modeled in laboratory animals using the ABA renewal model. In the classical version of this model, rats with a history of drug self-administration in one context (A) undergo extinction in a different context (B) and reinstate (or relapse to) drug seeking after exposure to the original drug-associated context (A). In a more recent version of the model introduced in 2013, the experimental conditions in context A are identical to those used in the classical model, but drug-reinforced responding in context B is suppressed by probabilistic punishment. The punishment-based ABA renewal model is proposed to resemble abstinence in humans, which is often initiated by the desire to avoid the negative consequences of drug use. The goal of our review is to discuss similarities and differences in mechanisms that play a role in suppression of drug seeking in context B and context-induced relapse to drug seeking in context A in the two models. We first describe psychological mechanisms that mediate extinction and punishment of drug-reinforced responding in context B. We then summarize recent findings on brain mechanisms of context-induced relapse of drug seeking after extinction, or punishment-imposed abstinence. These findings demonstrate both similarities and differences in brain mechanisms underlying relapse in the two variations of the ABA renewal model. We conclude by briefly discussing clinical implications of the preclinical studies.
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46
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Goode TD, Maren S. Common neurocircuitry mediating drug and fear relapse in preclinical models. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:415-437. [PMID: 30255379 PMCID: PMC6373193 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comorbidity of anxiety disorders, stressor- and trauma-related disorders, and substance use disorders is extremely common. Moreover, therapies that reduce pathological fear and anxiety on the one hand, and drug-seeking on the other, often prove short-lived and are susceptible to relapse. Considerable advances have been made in the study of the neurobiology of both aversive and appetitive extinction, and this work reveals shared neural circuits that contribute to both the suppression and relapse of conditioned responses associated with trauma or drug use. OBJECTIVES The goal of this review is to identify common neural circuits and mechanisms underlying relapse across domains of addiction biology and aversive learning in preclinical animal models. We focus primarily on neural circuits engaged during the expression of relapse. KEY FINDINGS After extinction, brain circuits involving the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus come to regulate the expression of conditioned responses by the amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and nucleus accumbens. During relapse, hippocampal projections to the prefrontal cortex inhibit the retrieval of extinction memories resulting in a loss of inhibitory control over fear- and drug-associated conditional responding. CONCLUSIONS The overlapping brain systems for both fear and drug memories may explain the co-occurrence of fear and drug-seeking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis D Goode
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Dr., College Station, TX, 77843-3474, USA
| | - Stephen Maren
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Dr., College Station, TX, 77843-3474, USA.
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47
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Rubio FJ, Quintana-Feliciano R, Warren BL, Li X, Witonsky KFR, Valle FSD, Selvam PV, Caprioli D, Venniro M, Bossert JM, Shaham Y, Hope BT. Prelimbic cortex is a common brain area activated during cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine and heroin seeking in a polydrug self-administration rat model. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 49:165-178. [PMID: 30307667 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Many preclinical studies examined cue-induced relapse to heroin and cocaine seeking in animal models, but most of these studies examined only one drug at a time. In human addicts, however, polydrug use of cocaine and heroin is common. We used a polydrug self-administration relapse model in rats to determine similarities and differences in brain areas activated during cue-induced reinstatement of heroin and cocaine seeking. We trained rats to lever press for cocaine (1.0 mg/kg per infusion, 3-hr/day, 18 day) or heroin (0.03 mg/kg per infusion) on alternating days (9 day for each drug); drug infusions were paired with either intermittent or continuous light cue. Next, the rats underwent extinction training followed by tests for cue-induced reinstatement where they were exposed to either heroin- or cocaine-associated cues. We observed cue-selective reinstatement of drug seeking: the heroin cue selectively reinstated heroin seeking and the cocaine cue selectively reinstated cocaine seeking. We used Fos immunohistochemistry to assess cue-induced neuronal activation in different subregions of the medial prefrontal cortex, dorsal striatum, nucleus accumbens, and amygdala. Fos expression results indicated that only the prelimbic cortex (PL) was activated by both heroin and cocaine cues; in contrast, no significant cue-induced neuronal activation was observed in other brain areas. RNA in situ hybridization indicated that the proportion of glutamatergic and GABAergic markers in PL Fos-expressing cells was similar for the heroin and cocaine cue-activated neurons. Overall, the results indicate that PL may be a common brain area involved in both heroin and cocaine seeking during polydrug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Rubio
- Neuronal Ensembles in Addiction Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard Quintana-Feliciano
- Neuronal Ensembles in Addiction Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brandon L Warren
- Neuronal Ensembles in Addiction Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xuan Li
- Neurobiology of Relapse Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kailyn F R Witonsky
- Neurobiology of Relapse Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Frank Soto Del Valle
- Neuronal Ensembles in Addiction Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pooja V Selvam
- Neuronal Ensembles in Addiction Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniele Caprioli
- Neurobiology of Relapse Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland.,Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Venniro
- Neurobiology of Relapse Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer M Bossert
- Neurobiology of Relapse Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yavin Shaham
- Neurobiology of Relapse Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bruce T Hope
- Neuronal Ensembles in Addiction Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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48
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Paniccia JE, Lebonville CL, Jones ME, Parekh SV, Fuchs RA, Lysle DT. Dorsal hippocampal neural immune signaling regulates heroin-conditioned immunomodulation but not heroin-conditioned place preference. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 73:698-707. [PMID: 30075289 PMCID: PMC6129413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated pairings of heroin and a context results in Pavlovian associations which manifest as heroin-conditioned appetitive responses and peripheral immunomodulation upon re-exposure to heroin-paired conditioned stimuli (CS). The dorsal hippocampus (DH) plays a key role in the neurocircuitry governing these context-heroin associations. Within the DH, expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is required for heroin-conditioned peripheral immunomodulation to occur. However, the role of signaling via IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1) has not been examined. Furthermore, it has not been evaluated whether the involvement of IL-1 in associative learning extends to classically conditioned appetitive behaviors, such as conditioned place preference (CPP). The first set of experiments investigated whether DH IL-1R1 signaling during CS re-exposure modulates heroin-conditioned immunomodulation and heroin-CPP. The second set of experiments employed chemogenetic techniques to examine whether DH astroglial signaling during CS re-exposure alters the same Pavlovian responses. This line of investigation is based on previous research indicating that astrocytes support hippocampal-dependent learning and memory through the expression of IL-1β protein and IL-1R1. Interestingly, IL-1R1 antagonism disrupted heroin-conditioned suppression of peripheral immune parameters but failed to alter heroin-CPP. Similarly, chemogenetic stimulation of Gi-signaling in DH astrocytes attenuated heroin-conditioned peripheral immunomodulation but failed to alter heroin-CPP. Collectively our data show that both IL-1R1 stimulation and astrocyte signaling in the DH are critically involved in the expression of heroin-conditioned immunomodulation but not heroin-CPP. As such these findings strongly suggest hippocampal neuroimmune signaling differentially regulates Pavlovian immunomodulatory and appetitive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline E Paniccia
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christina L Lebonville
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Meghan E Jones
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shveta V Parekh
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rita A Fuchs
- Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Donald T Lysle
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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49
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Lupica CR, Hoffman AF. Cannabinoid disruption of learning mechanisms involved in reward processing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:435-445. [PMID: 30115765 PMCID: PMC6097761 DOI: 10.1101/lm.046748.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of cannabis, its derivatives, and synthetic cannabinoids for medicinal and recreational purposes has led to burgeoning interest in understanding the addictive potential of this class of molecules. It is estimated that ∼10% of marijuana users will eventually show signs of dependence on the drug, and the diagnosis of cannabis use disorder (CUD) is increasing in the United States. The molecule that sustains the use of cannabis is Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), and our knowledge of its effects, and those of other cannabinoids on brain function has expanded rapidly in the past two decades. Additionally, the identification of endogenous cannabinoid (endocannabinoid) systems in brain and their roles in physiology and behavior, demonstrate extensive involvement of these lipid signaling molecules in regulating CNS function. Here, we examine roles for endogenous cannabinoids in shaping synaptic activity in cortical and subcortical brain circuits, and we discuss mechanisms in which exogenous cannabinoids, such as Δ9-THC, interact with endocannabinoid systems to disrupt neuronal network oscillations. We then explore how perturbation of the interaction of this activity within brain reward circuits may lead to impaired learning. Finally, we propose that disruption of cellular plasticity mechanisms by exogenous cannabinoids in cortical and subcortical circuits may explain the difficulty in establishing viable cannabinoid self-administration models in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl R Lupica
- Electrophysiology Research Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Alexander F Hoffman
- Electrophysiology Research Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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50
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Gibson GD, Millan EZ, McNally GP. The nucleus accumbens shell in reinstatement and extinction of drug seeking. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 50:2014-2022. [PMID: 30044017 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The contexts where drugs are self-administered have important control over relapse and extinction of drug-seeking behavior. The nucleus accumbens shell (AcbSh) is essential to this contextual control over drug-seeking behavior. It has been consistently implicated in both the expression of context-induced reinstatement and the expression of extinction, across a variety of drug classes and other rewards. Here, we review the evidence linking AcbSh to the extinction and reinstatement of drug seeking. We consider whether this dual role can be linked to known heterogeneities in AcbSh cell types, their major afferents, and their major efferents. We show that although these heterogeneities are each important and can determine extinction vs. reinstatement, they do not seem adequate to explain the body of findings from the behavioral literature. Rather, we suggest that this functional specialization of AcbSh may be more profitably viewed in terms of the segregation and compartmentalization of AcbSh channels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E Zayra Millan
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Gavan P McNally
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2052, NSW, Australia
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