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Zhang X, Ni N, Fei Z, Li X, Yang W, Siqin Q, Wang Z, Zhang Z. Effect of L-cysteine on the physicochemical properties of heat-induced sheep plasma protein gels. Food Chem 2024; 444:138508. [PMID: 38340502 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The effects of different l-Cysteine additions (0-2 %) on the gel properties, microstructure and physicochemical stability of sheep plasma protein gels were studied. The introduction of l-Cys significantly improved the water retention capacity and whiteness of the plasma protein gel (p < 0.05). The addition of 0.2 %-0.4 % l-Cys increased gel strength, but l-Cys had no significant effect on gel elasticity (p < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the addition of l-Cys also promoted the formation of a porous three-dimensional network structure in the gel. Raman spectroscopy and SDS-PAGE revealed that the addition of l-Cys generally reduced α-helix structures in protein gels and promoted the formation of β-folds. Addition of 0.2 % l-Cys treatment leading to the greatest increase in disulfide bonds, and its surface hydrophobicity and endogenous fluorescence intensity were the largest. At this time, the comprehensive performance of sheep plasma protein gel is the best performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Food, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China; Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Na Ni
- School of Life Sciences and Food, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China.
| | - Zixuan Fei
- School of Life Sciences and Food, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- School of Life Sciences and Food, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Wanpeng Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Food, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Qimuge Siqin
- School of Life Sciences and Food, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Tongliao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028015, China
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2
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Zhu R, Shang GJ, Zhang BY, Wang HT, Li L, Wei XF, Li DL, Yang ZY, Qu ZH, Quan YN, Liu SY, Wang YT, Meng ST, Wu LF, Qin GX. Unlocking the potential of N-acetylcysteine: Improving hepatopancreas inflammation, antioxidant capacity and health in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) via the MAPK/NF-κB/Nrf2 signalling pathway. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 144:109294. [PMID: 38092096 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) positively contributes to enhancing animal health, regulating inflammation and reducing stress by participating in the synthesis of cysteine, glutathione, and taurine in the body. The present study aims to investigate the effects of dietary different levels of NAC on the morphology, function and physiological state of hepatopancreas in juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio). 450 common carps were randomly divided into 5 groups: N1 (basal diet), N2 (1.5 g/kg NAC diet), N3 (3.0 g/kg NAC diet), N4 (4.5 g/kg NAC diet) and N5 (6.0 g/kg NAC diet), and fed for 8 weeks. The results indicated that dietary 3.0-6.0 g/kg NAC reduced hepatopancreas lipid vacuoles and nuclear translocation, and inhibited apoptosis in common carp. Simultaneously, the activities of hepatopancreas alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase progressively increased with rising dietary NAC levels. Dietary NAC enhanced the non-specific immune function of common carp, and exerted anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Additionally, dietary 3.0-6.0 g/kg NAC significantly improved the antioxidant capacity of common carp, which was associated with enhanced glutathione metabolism, clearance of ROS and the activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway. In summary, NAC has the potential to alleviate inflammation, mitigate oxidative stress and inhibit apoptosis via the MAPK/NF-κB/Nrf2 signaling pathway, thereby improving hepatopancreas function and health of common carp. The current findings provide a theoretical basis for promoting the application of NAC in aquaculture and ecological cultivation of aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Guo-Jun Shang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Bao-Yuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Hao-Tong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Liang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Deng-Lai Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zi-Hui Qu
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 132011, China
| | - Ya-Nan Quan
- Jingyuetan Reservoir Management Office, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Si-Ying Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yin-Tao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Si-Tong Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Li-Fang Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Gui-Xin Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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3
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Hissen KL, He W, Wu G, Criscitiello MF. Immunonutrition: facilitating mucosal immune response in teleost intestine with amino acids through oxidant-antioxidant balance. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1241615. [PMID: 37841275 PMCID: PMC10570457 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparative animal models generate fundamental scientific knowledge of immune responses. However, these studies typically are conducted in mammals because of their biochemical and physiological similarity to humans. Presently, there has been an interest in using teleost fish models to study intestinal immunology, particularly intestinal mucosa immune response. Instead of targeting the pathogen itself, a preferred approach for managing fish health is through nutrient supplementation, as it is noninvasive and less labor intensive than vaccine administrations while still modulating immune properties. Amino acids (AAs) regulate metabolic processes, oxidant-antioxidant balance, and physiological requirements to improve immune response. Thus, nutritionists can develop sustainable aquafeeds through AA supplementation to promote specific immune responses, including the intestinal mucosa immune system. We propose the use of dietary supplementation with functional AAs to improve immune response by discussing teleost fish immunology within the intestine and explore how oxidative burst is used as an immune defense mechanism. We evaluate immune components and immune responses in the intestine that use oxidant-antioxidant balance through potential selection of AAs and their metabolites to improve mucosal immune capacity and gut integrity. AAs are effective modulators of teleost gut immunity through oxidant-antioxidant balance. To incorporate nutrition as an immunoregulatory means in teleost, we must obtain more tools including genomic, proteomic, nutrition, immunology, and macrobiotic and metabonomic analyses, so that future studies can provide a more holistic understanding of the mucosal immune system in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina L. Hissen
- Comparative Immunogenetics Laboratory Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Wenliang He
- Amino Acid Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Amino Acid Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Michael F. Criscitiello
- Comparative Immunogenetics Laboratory Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
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4
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Zeng Y, Li R, Dong Y, Yi D, Wu T, Wang L, Zhao D, Zhang Y, Hou Y. Dietary Supplementation with Puerarin Improves Intestinal Function in Piglets Challenged with Escherichia coli K88. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1908. [PMID: 37370417 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of puerarin supplementation on the growth performance and intestinal function of piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88. Twenty-four ternary crossbred piglets were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: control group, ETEC group (challenged with ETEC K88 on day 8), and ETEC + Puerarin group (supplemented with 5 mg/kg puerarin and challenged with ETEC K88 on day 8). All piglets were orally administered D-xylose (0.1 g/kg body weight) on day 10, and blood samples were collected after 1 h. Subsequently, piglets were killed and intestinal samples were collected for further analysis. The results showed that puerarin supplementation significantly decreased the adverse effects of ETEC K88-challenged piglets; significantly improved growth performance; increased the number of Bifidobacterium in the colon and Lactobacillus in the jejunum, cecum and colon; decreased the number of Escherichia coli in the jejunum and cecum; reduced the hydrogen peroxide content in the jejunum and myeloperoxidase activity in the jejunum and ileum; and increased the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in the jejunum and ileum. In addition, puerarin supplementation alleviated ETEC K88-induced intestinal injury in piglets, significantly downregulated the mRNA level of Interleukin-1β and upregulated the mRNA levels of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1, myxovirus resistance protein 1, myxovirus resistance protein 2, and guanylate-binding protein-1 in the small intestine of piglets. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with puerarin could attenuate ETEC K88-induced intestinal injury by increasing the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity and the number of beneficial intestinal bacteria in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Zeng
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Rui Li
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Dan Yi
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
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5
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Xiang M, Qian X, Han L, Wang H, Wang J, Liu W, Gu Y, Yao S, Yang J, Zhang Y, Peng Y, Zhang Z. Aquaporin-8 ameliorates hepatic steatosis through farnesoid X receptor in obese mice. iScience 2023; 26:106561. [PMID: 37123234 PMCID: PMC10130924 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-8(AQP8), is a transmembrane channel protein that abounds in liver, which mainly promotes water transport, modulating bile acid formation. However, its role in hepatic lipid metabolism remains unclear. In this study, we found the expression of AQP8 was reduced in liver specimens of patients with NAFLD, high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mice and genetically obese db/db mice. Knockdown of AQP8 in hepatocytes exacerbated the intracellular lipid accumulation induced by free fatty acid (FFA) mixtures. In contrast, hepatic AQP8 overexpression activated farnesoid X receptor (FXR), inhibiting gene expression associated with lipogenesis, which further reduced intrahepatic triglyceride overload in obese mice. FXR knockout abrogated the ameliorating effect of AQP8 overexpression on NAFLD in mice. These findings indicate that AQP8 overexpression protects against fatty liver through activating the FXR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqi Xiang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Qian
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyu Han
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiqiu Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiren Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyun Gu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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6
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Ren Z, Zhang X, Fan H, Yu Y, Yao S, Wang Y, Dong Y, Deng H, Zuo Z, Deng Y, Wang Y, Xu Z, Deng J. Effects of different dietary protein levels on intestinal aquaporins in weaned piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:541-555. [PMID: 35586975 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between changes in intestinal aquaporins (AQPs) in piglets fed diets with different protein levels and nutritional diarrhoea in piglets. Briefly, 96 weaned piglets were randomly divided into four groups fed diets with crude protein (CP) levels of 18%, 20%, 22% and 24%. The small intestines and colons of the weaned piglets were collected, and several experiments were conducted. In the small intestine, AQP4 protein expression was higher in weaned piglets fed the higher-CP diets (22% and 24% CP) than in those fed the 20% CP diet except at 72 h (p < 0.01). At 72 h, the AQP4 protein expression in the small intestine was lower in the 18% group than in the other three groups (p < 0.01). Under 20% CP feeding, AQP2, AQP4 and AQP9 protein expression in the colons of piglets peaked at certain time points. The AQP2 and AQP4 mRNA levels in the colon and the AQP4 and AQP4 mRNA levels in the distal colon were approximately consistent with the protein expression levels. However, the AQP9 mRNA content in the colon was highest in the 18% group, and the AQP2 mRNA content in the distal colon was significantly higher in the 24% group than in the 20% group. AQP2 and AQP4 were expressed mainly around columnar cells in the upper part of the smooth colonic intestinal villi, and AQP9 was expressed mainly on columnar cells and goblet cells in the colonic mucosa. In conclusion, 20% CP is beneficial to the normal expression of AQP4 in the small intestine, AQP2, AQP4 and AQP9 in the colon of weaned piglets, which in turn maintains the balance of intestinal water absorption and secretion in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease & Human Health, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease & Human Health, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Haoyue Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease & Human Health, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yueru Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease & Human Health, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Shuhua Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease & Human Health, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yuqian Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease & Human Health, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yanqiang Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease & Human Health, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Huidan Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease & Human Health, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease & Human Health, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Youtian Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease & Human Health, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Ya Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease & Human Health, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease & Human Health, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Junliang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease & Human Health, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
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7
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Yuan P, Xu H, Ma Y, Niu J, Liu Y, Huang L, Jiang S, Jiao N, Yuan X, Yang W, Li Y. Effects of dietary Galla Chinensis tannin supplementation on immune function and liver health in broiler chickens challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1126911. [PMID: 36865438 PMCID: PMC9974168 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1126911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, Galla Chinensis tannin (GCT) was examined for its influence on preventing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver damage in broiler chickens. Approximately 486 one-day-old healthy broilers were randomly allocated to 3 treatment groups (control, LPS, and LPS + GCT). The control and LPS groups were fed a basal diet and the LPS+GCT group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg GCT. LPS was intraperitoneally injected (1 mg/kg body weight BW) in broilers in the LPS and LPS+GCT groups at 17, 19, and 21 days of age. The results manifested that dietary GCT addition attenuated LPS-induced deleterious effects on serum parameters and significantly increased serum immunoglobulin and complement C3 concentrations relative to the control and LPS groups. Dietary supplementation of GCT inhibited LPS-induced increase in broiler hepatic inflammatory cytokines, caspases activities, and TLR4/NF-κB pathway-related gene mRNA expression. Therefore, 300 mg/kg GCT addition to the diet improved the immune function of broilers and inhibit liver inflammation by blocking the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Our findings provide support for the application of GCT in poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Haitao Xu
- Animal Husbandry Development Center of Changyi City, Weifang, China
| | - Yuanfei Ma
- Agricultural and Rural Comprehensive Service Center of Bincheng District, Binzhou, China
| | - Jiaxing Niu
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Libo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Shuzhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xuejun Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Weiren Yang
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China,*Correspondence: Weiren Yang ✉
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China,Yang Li ✉
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8
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Zhang Q, Deng C, Peng M, Li C, Teng Y, Guo S, Wu T, Yi D, Hou Y. Integration of transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveals protective mechanisms of N-acetylcysteine in indomethacin-stimulated enterocytes. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 112:109231. [PMID: 36435287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal health is critical for the growth and development of humans and animals. Our previous study has demonstrated that indomethacin (IDMT) could induce intestinal injury in piglets, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) supplementation contributed to alleviating intestinal injury induced by various stimuli. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of IDMT-induced cell death in IPEC-1 cell lines and explored the role of NAC by using transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. Results showed that cell viability was substantially reduced with the increasing concentrations of IDMT, whereas NAC significantly increased the survival rate of IPEC-1 cells regardless of its addition method. Transcriptomics and proteomics data indicated that terms, such as cell cycle, energy metabolism, and cell proliferation, were significantly enriched by Gene ontology and pathway analyses. Flow cytometer analysis showed that IDMT induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. The expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins (CDK1, CCNA2, and CDC45) was decreased by IDMT stimulation. Importantly, NAC treatment repaired IDMT-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing ATP production, decreasing oxygen consumption rate in non-mitochondrial O2 consumption, and increasing the red/green fluorescence ratio. IDMT stimulation significantly increased caspase-3 expression, which was partially reversed by NAC treatment. These results suggest that IDMT-induced cell death may be attributable to disturbance of the cell cycle processes, mitochondria dysfunction and apoptosis, and NAC could confer a protective effect by restoring the mitochondrial function and inhibiting the apoptosis pathway. This study provides a theoretical basis for the pathogenesis of IDMT-induced intestinal injury and guides the clinic application of NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cuifang Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Teng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuangshuang Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Yi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China.
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Zhang Y, Li Q, Wang Z, Dong Y, Yi D, Wu T, Wang L, Zhao D, Hou Y. Dietary supplementation with a complex of cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, and thymol negatively affects the intestinal function in LPS-challenged piglets. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1098579. [PMID: 37065240 PMCID: PMC10097997 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1098579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol and thymol complex (CCT) on the growth performance and intestinal function of piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were determined. Colistin sulphate (CS) was as a positive control. Method Piglets (n = 24, 32 days of age) were allocated to four treatments: Control group (fed basal diet), LPS group (fed basal diet), CS+LPS group (fed basal diet + 50 mg/kg CS), and CCT+LPS group (fed basal diet + 50 mg/kg CCT). Results Results showed that diarrhea rates of piglets were significantly reduced by CCT and CS supplementation respectively. Further research showed that CS supplementation tended to improve the intestinal absorption function in LPS-challenged piglets. Moreover, CS supplementation significantly reduced the contents of cortisol in blood and malondialdehyde in the duodenum and the activities of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the duodenum and ileum and total nitric oxide synthase in the ileum in LPS-challenged piglets. CS supplementation significantly increased the activities of sucrase in the ileum and myeloperoxidase in the jejunum in LPS-challenged piglets. CS supplementation significantly alleviated the reduced mRNA levels of immune-related genes (IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10) in mesenteric lymph nodes and jejunum and mucosal growth-related genes (IGF-1, mTOR, ALP) in LPS-challenged piglets. These results suggested that CS supplementation improved the intestinal function in LPS-challenged piglets by improving intestinal oxidative stress, immune stress, and absorption and repair function. However, although CCT supplementation improved oxidative stress by reducing (p < 0.05) the content of malondialdehyde and the activity of nitric oxide synthase in the duodenum, CCT supplementation tended to aggravate the intestinal absorption dysfunction in LPS-challenged piglets. Furthermore, compared with the control and LPS groups, CCT supplementation remarkably elevated the content of prostaglandin in plasma and the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory factor IL-6 in mesenteric lymph nodes and jejunum, and reduced the activity of maltase in the ileum in LPS-challenged piglets. These results suggested that CCT supplementation had a negative effect on intestinal function by altering intestinal immune stress response and reducing disaccharidase activity in LPS-challenged piglets. Conclusions Compared to CS, CCT supplementation exhibited a negative effect on intestinal function, suggesting whether CCT can be as an effective feed additive still needs further study.
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Hepatic ROS Mediated Macrophage Activation Is Responsible for Irinotecan Induced Liver Injury. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233791. [PMID: 36497051 PMCID: PMC9739808 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Irinotecan is the first line chemotherapy drug used for treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer worldwide. There is increasing evidence suggesting that liver damage, including steatosis and steatohepatitis, can be caused during the treatment involving irinotecan. However, molecular mechanisms by which irinotecan-induced liver injury remain elusive. In this study, we found that irinotecan treatment caused significant elevation of ALT, inflammation, and fat accumulation in the liver, which are associated with hepatic macrophage activation. Depletion of macrophages by clodronate liposome improved irinotecan induced liver injury and inflammatory response in mice. In vitro data indicated that irinotecan induced intracellular ROS production in primary hepatocyte and upregulating of toll-like receptor (TLRs) family expression in macrophages. Supernatant from irinotecan treated hepatocyte triggered macrophage activation and upregulation of TLRs in macrophage, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) abolished these effects. By using co-culture system, we further revealed that irinotecan activated macrophage induced impairment of lipid metabolism and promoted apoptosis in hepatocyte and NAC prevented macrophage-induced cell death and partially revered impaired lipid metabolism in hepatocytes. By using the irinotecan liver injury model, we demonstrated that combining NAC with irinotecan prevented irinotecan-induced macrophage activation, TLR upregulation, liver injury, and partially prevented the accumulation of triglycerides in liver. Our results thus indicated that macrophages play a critical role in irinotecan-induced liver injury, and targeting ROS provides new options for development of hepatoprotective drugs in clinical practice.
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11
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Peng W, Talpur MZ, Zeng Y, Xie P, Li J, Wang S, Wang L, Zhu X, Gao P, Jiang Q, Shu G, Zhang H. Influence of fermented feed additive on gut morphology, immune status, and microbiota in broilers. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:218. [PMID: 35689199 PMCID: PMC9185985 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the effects of a solid-state fermented feed additive (FFA) on the small intestine histology/morphology, immunity and microbiota of broilers. Two hundred eighty-eight day-old Arbor Acre chicks, were randomly assigned to one of four groups (each group has 6 replicates, with each replicate containing 12 chickens). The negative control (NC; basal diet), the positive control (PC; basal diet +antibiotic 15 ppm), the fermented feed additive low dose (FFL; basal diet + 0.3 kg/t FFA), and the fermented feed additive high dose (FFH; 3 kg/t FFA) with Lactobacillus casei (L.casei). RESULTS The study found that the FFH and FFL groups gained more weight (1-21d) and the FFL and PC diets had better feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05) than the NC from 0-42d. The FFH group had higher villus height (P < 0.05) in the duodenum than the PC and villus height to crypt depth ratio VH/CD compared to PC and FFL groups. The FFL chickens had greater (P < 0.05) jejunal and ileal villus height than PC and NC groups respectively. The FFL group had a higher ileal VH/CD ratio (P < 0.05). Jejunum VH/CD was higher in FFL and FFH (P < 0.05) than PC (P < 0.05). FFH had a smaller thymus than NC (P < 0.05). FFA diets also increased IL-10 expression (P < 0.05). While IL-1 and TLR4 mRNA expression decreased (P < 0.05) compared to NC. The microbiota analysis showed that the microorganisms that have pathogenic properties such as phylum Delsulfobacterota and class Desulfovibriona and Negativicutes was also significantly reduced in the group treated with FFH and PC while microorganisms having beneficial properties like Lactobacillaceae family, Lactobacillus aviarus genus and Lactobacillus spp were also tended to increase in the FFH and FFL fermented feed groups compared to the PC and NC groups. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that the FFA diet may modulate cecal microbiota by reducing pathogenic microorganisms such as phylum Delsulfobacterota and class Desulfovibriona and Negativicutes improve beneficial microorganisms like Lactobacillaceae family, Lactobacillus aviarus genus and Lactobacillus spp. While FFA diet also affect immunity, and gene expression related to immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentong Peng
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mir Zulqarnain Talpur
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxian Zeng
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peipei Xie
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jincheng Li
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songbo Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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12
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Zhang Y, Mu T, Jia H, Yang Y, Wu Z. Protective effects of glycine against lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal apoptosis and inflammation. Amino Acids 2022; 54:353-364. [PMID: 34085156 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03011-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal dysfunction is commonly observed in humans and animals. Glycine (Gly) is a functional amino acid with anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. The objective of this study was to test the protective effects of Gly against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal injury. 28 C57BL/6 mice with a body weight (BW) of 18 ± 2 g were randomly assigned into four groups: CON (control), GLY (orally administered Gly, 5 g/kg BW/day for 6 days), LPS (5 mg/kg BW on day 7, i. p.), and GLY + LPS (Gly pretreatment and LPS administration). Histological alterations, inflammatory responses, epithelial cell apoptosis, and changes of the intestinal microbiota were analyzed. Results showed that, compared with the CON group, mice in the LPS treatment group showed decreased villus height, increased crypt depth, and decreased ratio of villus height to crypt depth, which were significantly attenuated by Gly. Neither LPS nor Gly treatment altered morphology of the distal colon tissues. LPS increased the apoptosis of jejunum and colon epithelial cells and protein abundance of cleaved caspase3 in the jejunum, which were markedly abrogated by Gly. LPS also elevated the mRNA levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines in the jejunum and colon. These alterations were significantly suppressed by Gly. In addition, Gly supplementation attenuated infiltration of CD4+, CD8+ T-lymphocytes, CD11b+ and F4/80+ macrophages in the colon. Furthermore, Gly increased the relative abundance of Mucispirillum, Lachnospiraceae-NK4A136-group, Anaerotruncus, Faecalibaculum, Ruminococcaceae-UCG-014, and decreased the abundance of Bacteroides at genus level. Supplementation with Gly might be a nutritional strategy to ameliorate LPS-induced intestinal injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tianqi Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hai Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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13
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Xian Y, Da P, Chao Y, Hui X, Ligang Y, Shaokang W, Guiju S. Wheat oligopeptides enhance the intestinal mucosal barrier and alleviate inflammation via the TLR4/Myd88/MAPK signaling pathway in aged mice. Food Nutr Res 2022; 66:5690. [PMID: 35261579 PMCID: PMC8861859 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v66.5690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aging can induce oxidative stress, inflammation and mucosal impairment, and few works have been conducted to investigate the protective effects of WP on the natural intestinal aging process. Objective The present work aimed to examine the protective effect of wheat oligopeptides (WP) on intestine mucosal impairment in aged mice, and investigate the potential antioxidation, anti-inflammatory effects of WP. Design Seventy-two aged mice (24 months old) were randomly divided into six groups, 12 for each group. Twelve young mice (6 months old) were regarded as the young control group. WP (25, 50, 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg) or distilled water were administered daily by gavage for 30 days. Results Histological observations showed that intestinal mucosal degeneration was attenuated by WP pretreatment. WP exhibited remarkable antioxidant activity via increasing superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity and catalase activities, and decreasing the malondialdehyde levels in small intestine mucosa. WP pretreatment significantly suppressed intestinal mucosa inflammation through the reduction of TNF-α, TGF-β, IFN-γ IL-1β and IL-6. WP markedly protect the intestinal mucosal barrier by decreasing the ICAM-1 level, and increasing ZO-1 and JAMA-A levels. WP significantly down-regulated protein expression levels of TLR4, Myd88, and MAPK, suggesting that WP have a potential effect on inhibiting aging-induced inflammatory responses by blocking TLR4/Myd88/MAPK signal transduction. Conclusion WP administration effectively alleviated intestinal mucosal impairment in aged mice. The potential mechanism was associated with enhancement of antioxidation and anti-inflammatory action and protection of the intestinal mucosal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sun Guiju
- Sun Guiju, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education/Department of Nutrition and Food, Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China.
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14
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Ogbonna AC, Chaudhry AS, Asher L. Effect of Dietary Vitamin D3 and Ultraviolet B Light on Growth Performance, Blood Serum Parameters, Gut Histology, and Welfare Indicators of Broilers. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2021.806967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stressors are commonly encountered by all farmed species, including chickens, but the impact of these stressors on the animal and their productivity can be influenced by the environmental conditions in which they are kept. This study investigated the effects of dietary vitamin D3 (vitD3) and ultraviolet light (UVB) on growth performance, organ weight, serum corticosterone levels (CORT), serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH-D3) status, gut histology, and welfare indicators of broiler chickens challenged with social isolation stress. One day (d) old Ross 308 broiler chicks (n = 192) were individually weighed, wing-tagged, and allocated to non-isolated (control) and isolated groups; control birds were never isolated, while isolated birds were subjected to regular sessions of social isolation for about 15-min periods over the course of 3 d a week for 2 weeks starting from d 10 (1.30 h total exposure) with inter treatment interval of 48 h. Birds were treated with either dietary vitD3 at 4,000 IU/kg (HD) or UVB light (UVB). The UVB lamp (24 Watt 12% UVB D3, 55 cm) with wavelength: 280–315 nm, intensity; 28.12 μW/cm2 hung 50 cm above the substrate was used for the broilers in all the treatment groups but were filtered to remove UVB in the HD group. Growth performance measure; body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were estimated at the end of starter (day 10), grower (day 24), and finisher periods (day 38). Broilers were feather and gait scored to measure welfare at 22/35 and 24/37 days of age, respectively. The selected birds were weighed and euthanized to obtain serum to determine 25-OH-D3 and CORT levels, GIT weights, and gut histology. Subjecting the birds to 2-week social isolation (for 15 min, three times per week) increased CORT levels but did not alter GP and 25-OH-D3 levels of broilers. However, UVB-treated broilers demonstrated better welfare, duodenal absorptive capacity, and reduced FCR compared to HD chickens. Results suggest some beneficial effects of UVB lighting on welfare indicators and the potential to support early life growth of commercial broilers reared indoors, which are often challenged with stressors.
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15
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Zhou J, Yue S, Xue B, Wang Z, Wang L, Peng Q, Xue B. Enhanced supply of methionine regulates protein synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells under hyperthermia condition. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:1126-1141. [PMID: 34796352 PMCID: PMC8564303 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence has shown that methionine (Met) supplementation can improve milk
protein synthesis under hyperthermia (which reduces milk production). To explore
the mechanism by which milk protein synthesis is affected by Met supplementation
under hyperthermia, mammary alveolar (MAC-T) cells were incubated at a
hyperthermic temperature of 42°C for 6 h in media with different
concentrations of Met. While the control group (CON) contained a normal amino
acid concentration profile (60 μg/mL of Met), the three treatment groups
were supplemented with Met at concentrations of 10 μg/mL (MET70, 70
μg/mL of Met), 20 μg/mL (MET80, 80 μg/mL of Met), and 30
μg/mL (MET90,90 μg/mL of Met). Our results show that additional
Met supplementation increases the mRNA and protein levels of BCL2 (B-cell
lymphoma-2, an anti-apoptosis agent), and decreases the mRNA and protein levels
of BAX (Bcl-2-associated X protein, a pro-apoptosis agent), especially at an
additional supplementary concentration of 20 μg/mL (group Met80).
Supplementation with higher concentrations of Met decreased the mRNA levels of
Caspase-3 and
Caspase-9, and increased protein levels of
heat shock protein (HSP70). The total protein levels of the mechanistic target
of rapamycin (mTOR) and the mTOR signalling pathway-related proteins, AKT,
ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1 (RPS6KB1), and ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6),
increased with increasing Met supplementation, and peaked at 80 μg/mL Met
(group Met80). In addition, we also found that additional Met supplementation
upregulated the gene expression of αS1-casein (CSN1S1),
β-casein (CSN2), and the amino acid transporter genes
SLC38A2, SLC38A3 which are known to be
mTOR targets. Additional Met supplementation, however, had no effect on the gene
expression of κ-casein (CSN3) and solute carrier family
34 member 2 (SLC34A2). Our results suggest that additional Met
supplementation with 20 μg/mL may promote the synthesis of milk proteins
in bovine mammary epithelial cells under hyperthermia by inhibiting apoptosis,
activating the AKT-mTOR-RPS6KB1 signalling pathway, and regulating the entry of
amino acids into these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shuangming Yue
- Department of Bioengineering, Sichuan Water Conservancy Vocation College, Chengdu 611845, China
| | - Benchu Xue
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lizhi Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Quanhui Peng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bai Xue
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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16
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Yano Y, Maeda C, Kaneko I, Kobayashi Y, Aoi W, Kuwahata M. Cystine supplementation sustains plasma mercaptalbumin levels in rats fed low-protein diets more effectively than methionine. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2021; 69:122-130. [PMID: 34616103 PMCID: PMC8482384 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that dietary cystine maintained plasma mercaptalbumin levels in rats fed low-protein diets. The present study aimed to compare the influence of low-protein diets supplemented with cystine and methionine, which is another sulfur amino acid, on plasma mercaptalbumin levels in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a 20% soy protein isolate diet (control group), 5% soy protein isolate diet (low-protein group) or 5% soy protein isolate diet supplemented with either methionine (low-protein + Met group) or cystine (low-protein + Cyss group) for 1 week. The percentage of mercaptalbumin within total plasma albumin of the low-protein + Met group was significantly lower than that of the control and low-protein + Cyss groups. No significant differences in the mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and cyclooxygenase 2 in blood cells were observed between the low-protein + Met and low-protein + Cyss groups. Treatment with buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, did not influence the percentage of mercaptalbumin within total plasma albumin in rats fed the low-protein diet supplemented with cystine. These results suggest that supplementation with cystine may be more effective than that with methionine to maintain plasma mercaptalbumin levels in rats with protein malnutrition. Cystine might regulate plasma mercaptalbumin levels via the glutathione-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukimi Yano
- Department of Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo-hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Chihiro Maeda
- Department of Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo-hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kaneko
- Department of Applied Nutrition, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kobayashi
- Department of Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo-hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Wataru Aoi
- Department of Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo-hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Masashi Kuwahata
- Department of Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo-hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
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17
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Wang K, Chen X, Zuo L, Pan C, Liu G, Zhang X, Du J, Zhang C, Zhang B, Wang Z, Li M, Zhang A, Jiang N. Dietary sodium butyrate protects lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in lambs through inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1955627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Resource Efficient Utilization and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Resource Efficient Utilization and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, China
| | - Lijun Zuo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Resource Efficient Utilization and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, China
| | - Chunyuan Pan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Resource Efficient Utilization and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, China
| | - Gan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Resource Efficient Utilization and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Resource Efficient Utilization and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, China
| | - Jiahua Du
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Resource Efficient Utilization and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, China
| | - Cunhao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Resource Efficient Utilization and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, China
| | - Bofu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Resource Efficient Utilization and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Resource Efficient Utilization and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, China
| | - Muyang Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Resource Efficient Utilization and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, China
| | - Aizhong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Resource Efficient Utilization and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Resource Efficient Utilization and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, China
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Affas S, Ayas MF, Kassab IA. Use of N-Acetylcysteine in Amphetamine-Induced Acute Liver Failure. J Med Cases 2021; 12:54-56. [PMID: 34434429 PMCID: PMC8383615 DOI: 10.14740/jmc3611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a serious complication of many drugs. Amongst recreational drugs, cocaine, amphetamines and ecstasy (methylenedioxymethamphetamine) have been known to cause ALF as a complication. However, the true effects and management on the liver of such cases have not been well reported and treatment of such conditions needs prompt action. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a known hepatoprotective agent but remains controversial in the use of recreational drug-induced acute liver injury. We present a case of ALF secondary to amphetamine ingestion, with a rapid recovery after administration of intravenous NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Affas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ascension St. John Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Mohamad Fekredeen Ayas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ascension St. John Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ihab A Kassab
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Zhang Y, Wu T, Chen Z, Meng Y, Zhu Z, Wang Q, Tian J, Yi D, Wang L, Zhao D, Hou Y. Dietary Supplementation with Enterococcus faecium R1 Attenuates Intestinal and Liver Injury in Piglets Challenged by Lipopolysaccharide. ANIMALS : AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI 2021; 11:ani11051424. [PMID: 34065711 PMCID: PMC8156331 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The biological characteristics of E. faecium R1 and the effect of dietary supplementation with E. faecium R1 on the growth performance of weaned piglets were studied. The results showed that E. faecium R1 had the characteristics of effective bacteriostatic activity, acid resistance, bile salt resistance, and high-temperature resistance. Dietary supplementation with E. faecium R1 (6.5 × 106 CFU/g) improved intestinal function of weaning piglets by decreasing diarrhea incidence. Further research found that dietary supplementation with E. faecium R1 (6.5 × 106 CFU/g) attenuated intestinal and liver injury in piglets challenged by lipopolysaccharide. Abstract In this study, a strain of E. faecium R1 with effective bacteriostatic activity, acid resistance, bile salt resistance, high-temperature resistance was screened. To study the effect of E. faecium R1 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal and liver injury in piglets, twenty-four weaned female piglets were randomly assigned into one of three groups (8 piglets per group). Piglets in the control group and LPS group were fed a basal diet, piglets in the E. faecium group were fed the basal diet supplemented with E. faecium R1 (6.5 × 106 CFU/g). On day 21 of the trial, piglets in the LPS group and E. faecium group were intraperitoneally administered LPS (100 μg/kg), piglets in the control group were administered the same volume of saline. Subsequently, blood samples were collected at 3 h, and intestinal, liver, and pancreas samples were collected at 6 h. Results showed that E. faecium R1 supplementation significantly decreased the diarrhea rate and feed to gain ratio, and dramatically reduced LPS-induced intestinal and liver injury in piglets. Compared with the LPS group, E. faecium R1 supplementation significantly increased the content of glucagon in plasma and IL-1β in the liver, and the mRNA levels of villin in jejunum and ileum and Bcl-xL and pBD-L in the ileum, and significantly decreased the contents of prostaglandin 2 and malondialdehyde in the liver and the activities of myeloperoxidase and aspartate aminotransferase in plasma in piglets. Moreover, E. faecium R1 improved the pancreatic antioxidant capacity in piglets, which was indicated by a significant increase in catalase activity and a decrease in total nitric oxide synthase activity. In summary, dietary supplementation with E. faecium R1 alleviates intestinal and liver injury in LPS-challenged piglets.
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Donaldson J, Świątkiewicz S, Arczewka-Włosek A, Muszyński S, Szymańczyk S, Arciszewski MB, Siembida AZ, Kras K, Piedra JLV, Schwarz T, Tomaszewska E, Dobrowolski P. Modern Hybrid Rye, as an Alternative Energy Source for Broiler Chickens, Improves the Absorption Surface of the Small Intestine Depending on the Intestinal Part and Xylanase Supplementation. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1349. [PMID: 34068515 PMCID: PMC8151840 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the effects of the inclusion of modern hybrid rye (Brasetto variety) to a corn-wheat-based diet, with or without xylanase, on the absorptive surface of the small intestine of broilers. A total of 224 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly divided into four experimental groups with seven replicate cages of eight birds/replicate. A 2 × 2 factorial study design was used, with rye inclusion (0% or 20%) and xylanase supplementation (0 or 200 mg/kg of feed) as factors. Inclusion of rye increased duodenal and ileal crypt depth, villi height, the villus-to-crypt ratio and absorption surface area (p < 0.05), and ileal mucosa thickness and crypt width (p < 0.05). Xylanase supplementation attenuated the effects of rye in the duodenum and ileum and decreased the villi height and villus-to-crypt ratio in the jejunum (p < 0.05). Rye and xylanase had no effect on the spatial distribution of claudin 3 and ZO-1 protein, but xylanase supplementation reduced the amount of claudin 3 in the duodenum and jejunum (p < 0.05). The findings of this study indicate that 20% inclusion of modern hybrid rye to the diets of broilers improved the structure of the duodenum and ileum, but these effects were attenuated by xylanase supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Donaldson
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Sylwester Świątkiewicz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 1 Krakowska St., 32-083 Balice, Poland; (S.Ś.); (A.A.-W.)
| | - Anna Arczewka-Włosek
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 1 Krakowska St., 32-083 Balice, Poland; (S.Ś.); (A.A.-W.)
| | - Siemowit Muszyński
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Sylwia Szymańczyk
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 12 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (S.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Marcin Bartłomiej Arciszewski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.A.); (A.Z.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Anna Zacharko Siembida
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.A.); (A.Z.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Kras
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.A.); (A.Z.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Jose Luis Valverde Piedra
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Protection, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Schwarz
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Ethology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 24/28 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Ewa Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 12 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (S.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Piotr Dobrowolski
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 19 Akademicka St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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21
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Influence of Dietary Supplementation with an Amino Acid Mixture on Inflammatory Markers, Immune Status and Serum Proteome in LPS-Challenged Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041143. [PMID: 33923708 PMCID: PMC8073091 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of a dietary amino acid mixture supplementation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged weaned piglets, twenty-seven 28-day-old (8.2 ± 1.0 kg) newly weaned piglets were randomly allocated to one of three experimental treatments for five weeks. Diet 1: a CTRL treatment. Diet 2: an LPS treatment, where piglets were intraperitoneally administered LPS (25 μg/kg) on day 7. Diet 3: an LPS+MIX treatment, where piglets were intraperitoneally administered LPS on day 7 and fed a diet supplemented with a mixture of 0.3% of arginine, branched-chain amino acids (leucine, valine, and isoleucine), and cystine (MIX). Blood samples were drawn on day 10 and day 35, and serum was analysed for selected chemical parameters and proteomics. The LPS and LPS+MIX groups exhibited an increase in haptoglobin concentrations on day 10. The LPS group showed an increased cortisol concentration, while this concentration was reduced in the LPS+MIX group compared to the control group. Similarly, the LPS+MIX group showed a decreased haptoglobin concentration on day 35 compared to the two other groups. Immunoglobulin concentrations were affected by treatments. Indeed, on day 10, the concentrations of IgG and IgM were decreased by the LPS challenge, as illustrated by the lower concentrations of these two immunoglobulins in the LPS group compared to the control group. In addition, the supplementation with the amino acid mixture in the LPS+MIX further decreased IgG and increased IgM concentrations compared to the LPS group. Although a proteomics approach did not reveal important alterations in the protein profile in response to treatments, LPS-challenged piglets had an increase in proteins linked to the immune response, when compared to piglets supplemented with the amino acid mixture. Overall, data indicate that LPS-challenged piglets supplemented with this amino acid mixture are more protected against the detrimental effects of LPS.
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22
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Dietary alternatives to in-feed antibiotics, gut barrier function and inflammation in piglets post-weaning: Where are we now? Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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23
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Azad AK, Raihan T, Ahmed J, Hakim A, Emon TH, Chowdhury PA. Human Aquaporins: Functional Diversity and Potential Roles in Infectious and Non-infectious Diseases. Front Genet 2021; 12:654865. [PMID: 33796134 PMCID: PMC8007926 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.654865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral membrane proteins and found in all living organisms from bacteria to human. AQPs mainly involved in the transmembrane diffusion of water as well as various small solutes in a bidirectional manner are widely distributed in various human tissues. Human contains 13 AQPs (AQP0-AQP12) which are divided into three sub-classes namely orthodox aquaporin (AQP0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 8), aquaglyceroporin (AQP3, 7, 9, and 10) and super or unorthodox aquaporin (AQP11 and 12) based on their pore selectivity. Human AQPs are functionally diverse, which are involved in wide variety of non-infectious diseases including cancer, renal dysfunction, neurological disorder, epilepsy, skin disease, metabolic syndrome, and even cardiac diseases. However, the association of AQPs with infectious diseases has not been fully evaluated. Several studies have unveiled that AQPs can be regulated by microbial and parasitic infections that suggest their involvement in microbial pathogenesis, inflammation-associated responses and AQP-mediated cell water homeostasis. This review mainly aims to shed light on the involvement of AQPs in infectious and non-infectious diseases and potential AQPs-target modulators. Furthermore, AQP structures, tissue-specific distributions and their physiological relevance, functional diversity and regulations have been discussed. Altogether, this review would be useful for further investigation of AQPs as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of infectious as well as non-infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Topu Raihan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Jahed Ahmed
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Al Hakim
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Hossain Emon
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
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Wang H, Li C, Peng M, Wang L, Zhao D, Wu T, Yi D, Hou Y, Wu G. N-Acetylcysteine improves intestinal function and attenuates intestinal autophagy in piglets challenged with β-conglycinin. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1261. [PMID: 33441976 PMCID: PMC7807065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-80994-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Conglycinin (β-CG), an anti-nutritional factor, is a major allergen in soybeans to induce intestinal dysfunction and diarrhea in neonatal animals, including piglets and human infants. This study with a piglet model determined the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on intestinal function and autophagy in response to β-CG challenge. Twenty-four 12-day-old piglets (3.44 ± 0.28 kg), which had been weaned at 7 days of age and adapted for 5 days after weaning, were randomly allocated to the control, β-CG, and β-CG + NAC groups. Piglets in the control group were fed a liquid diet containing 10% casein, whereas those in the β-CG and β-CG + NAC groups were fed the basal liquid diets containing 9.5% casein and 0.5% β-CG for 2 days. Thereafter, pigs in the β-CG + NAC group were orally administrated with 50 mg (kg BW)-1 NAC for 3 days, while pigs in the other two groups were orally administrated with the same volume of sterile saline. NAC numerically reduced diarrhea incidence (- 46.2%) and the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde, but increased claudin-1 and intestinal fatty-acid binding protein (iFABP) protein abundances and activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the jejunum of β-CG-challenged piglets. Although β-CG challenge decreased the villus height, villus height/crypt depth ratio, and mRNA levels of claudin-1 and occludin, no significant differences were observed in these indices between the control and β-CG + NAC groups, suggesting the positive effects of NAC supplementation on intestinal mucosal barrier function. Moreover, NAC increased the concentrations of citrulline and D-xylose in the plasma, as well as the expression of genes for aquaporin (AQP) 3, AQP4, peptide transporter 1 (PepT1), sodium/glucose co-transporter-1 (SGLT-1), potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 13 (KCNJ13), and solute carrier family 1 member 1 (SLC1A1) in the jejunum, demonstrating that NAC augmented intestinal metabolic activity and absorptive function. Remarkably, NAC decreased Atg5 protein abundance and the LC3II/LC3I ratio (an indicator of autophagy) in the jejunum of β-CG-challenged piglets. Taken together, NAC supplementation improved intestinal function and attenuated intestinal autophagy in β-CG-challenged piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyun Wang
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Animal Nutrition and Gut Health, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Animal Nutrition and Gut Health, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Meng Peng
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Animal Nutrition and Gut Health, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Animal Nutrition and Gut Health, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Animal Nutrition and Gut Health, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Animal Nutrition and Gut Health, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Dan Yi
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Animal Nutrition and Gut Health, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China.
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Animal Nutrition and Gut Health, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China.
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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Wu T, Lyu Y, Li X, Wu M, Yu K, Li S, Ji C, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Yi D, Hou Y. Impact of N-Acetylcysteine on the Gut Microbiota in the Piglets Infected With Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:582338. [PMID: 33511162 PMCID: PMC7835392 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.582338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was to investigate the impact of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the gut microbiota in the healthy piglets and the piglets infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). Forty seven-day-old piglets were allocated into four groups: control group, NAC group (supplemented with 50 mg/kg body weight NAC), PEDV group (inoculated with 104.5 TCID50 PEDV), and PEDV+NAC group (PEDV infection + NAC supplementation). The intestinal content was collected for DNA extraction and Illumina sequencing. The PEDV-infected piglets displayed distinct bacterial communities compared to the healthy piglets. PEDV infection decreased the abundance of Shigella and increased the abundance of Lactobacillus, Odoribacter, Anaerovibrio, Helicobacter, unclassified Lachnospiraceae, and Sutterella; affected several functions associated with metabolism, barrier, and immune. NAC supplementation decreased the abundance of unclassified Rikenellaceae and increased the abundance of Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus in the healthy piglets, decreased the abundance of Oscillospira and Prevotella and increased the abundance of Lactobacillus in the PEDV-infected piglets; altered multiple functions involving in amino acid metabolism, cell signaling, cellular community, disease-related pathways, endocrine, and excretory system. In conclusion, PEDV infection caused severe dysbiosis of gut microbiome, whereas NAC supplementation played a positive role in regulating the gut microbiome during PEDV infection. Therefore, substances that can regulate gut microbiota could be ideal candidates to prevent or treat PEDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University (WPHU), Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Lyu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University (WPHU), Wuhan, China
| | - Xueni Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University (WPHU), Wuhan, China
| | - Mengjun Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University (WPHU), Wuhan, China
| | - Kui Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University (WPHU), Wuhan, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University (WPHU), Wuhan, China
| | - Changzheng Ji
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University (WPHU), Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University (WPHU), Wuhan, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University (WPHU), Wuhan, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University (WPHU), Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Yi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University (WPHU), Wuhan, China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University (WPHU), Wuhan, China
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Han H, Zhang J, Chen Y, Shen M, Yan E, Wei C, Yu C, Zhang L, Wang T. Dietary taurine supplementation attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses and oxidative stress of broiler chickens at an early age. J Anim Sci 2021; 98:5909276. [PMID: 32954422 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of taurine as a prophylactic treatment on antioxidant function and inflammatory responses of broilers challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A total of 256 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly assigned to four treatments with eight replicates of eight birds (eight birds per cage). Four treatment groups were designated as follows: 1) in the CON group, broilers fed a basal diet; 2) in the LPS group, LPS-challenged broilers fed a basal diet; 3) in the LPS + T1 group, LPS-challenged broilers fed a basal diet supplemented with 5.0 g/kg taurine; and 4) in the LPS + T2 group, LPS-challenged broilers fed a basal diet supplemented with 7.5 g/kg taurine. The LPS-challenged broilers were intraperitoneally injected with 1 mg/kg body weight (BW) of LPS at 16, 18, and 20 d of age, whereas the CON group received an injection of sterile saline. The results showed that broilers injected with LPS exhibited decreased (P < 0.05) the average daily gain (ADG) and the 21-d BW (P < 0.05), while taurine supplementation alleviated the negative effects of LPS. Additionally, the LPS-induced increases (P < 0.05) in serum alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase activities were reversed by taurine supplementation. The taurines could alleviate the hepatic oxidative stress, with the presence of lower content of malondialdehyde (P < 0.05), higher content of glutathione (P < 0.05), and an increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity (P < 0.05). The concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the liver were measured by ELISA kits, and the result showed that dietary taurine supplementation prevented these cytokines increases in the liver of LPS-induced broilers. Taurine reduced the genes expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, whereas it boosted the expression levels of antioxidant-related genes (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, heme oxygenase-1, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, and GSH-Px) in the liver of LPS-induced broilers. In conclusion, dietary taurine supplementation in broilers mitigated LPS-induced defects in ADG, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingfei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingming Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Enfa Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengheng Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Caiyun Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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27
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NAC Supplementation of Hyperglycemic Rats Prevents the Development of Insulin Resistance and Improves Antioxidant Status but Only Alleviates General and Salivary Gland Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8831855. [PMID: 33274008 PMCID: PMC7683161 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8831855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies based on animal models demonstrated that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) prevents oxidative stress and improves salivary gland function when the NAC supplementation starts simultaneously with insulin resistance (IR) induction. This study is the first to evaluate the effect of a 4-week NAC supply on the antioxidant barrier and oxidative stress in Wistar rats after six weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) intake. Redox biomarkers were evaluated in the parotid (PG) and submandibular (SMG) salivary glands and stimulated whole saliva (SWS), as well as in the plasma and serum. We demonstrated that the activity of salivary peroxidase and superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity were significantly higher in PG, SMG, and SWS of IR rats treated with NAC. It appears that in PG and SMG of rats fed an HFD, N-acetylcysteine supplementation abolishes oxidative modifications to proteins (evidenced by decreased content of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and advanced glycation end products (AGE)). Simultaneously, it does not reverse oxidative modifications of lipids (as seen in increased concentration of 8-isoprostanes and 4-hydroxynonenal vs. the control), although it reduces the peroxidation of salivary lipids in relation to the group fed a high-fat diet alone. NAC administration increased protein levels in PG and SMG but did not affect saliva secretion, which was significantly lower compared to the controls. To sum up, the inclusion of NAC supplementation after six weeks of HFD feeding was effective in improving the general and salivary gland antioxidant status. Nevertheless, NAC did not eliminate salivary oxidative stress and only partially prevented salivary gland dysfunction.
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Askari M, Faryabi R, Mozaffari H, Darooghegi Mofrad M. The effects of N-Acetylcysteine on serum level of inflammatory biomarkers in adults. Findings from a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Cytokine 2020; 135:155239. [PMID: 32799012 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) have provided varied and conflicting findings regarding the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on inflammatory biomarkers. This study was conducted to review existing literature to determine whether NAC supplementation can affect inflammatory biomarkers in adults. METHODS Bibliographic databases of Scopus, and PubMed were used for relevant papers published until October 2019. Results were reported as weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using multi-level models. Cochrane's Q and I-squared (I2) tests were used to determine heterogeneity among studies. RESULTS Twenty-four RCTs which include 1057 sample size were entered to analysis. NAC doses and intervention duration ranged from 400 to 2000 mg/d, and 1 to 80 weeks, respectively. Oral supplementation of NAC reduced serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP) [WMD: -0.61 mg/L, 95% CI: -1.18 to -0.03, P = 0.039, I2 = 79.6%], and interleukin-6 (IL-6) [WMD: -0.43 pg/mL, 95% CI: -0.69 to -0.17, P = 0.001, I2 = 89.3%]. However, the effect of oral NAC supplementation on other inflammatory biomarkers was nonsignificant. Dose-response investigation showed a non-linear association between oral NAC supplementation with CRP. CONCLUSION Oral NAC supplementation reduced serum level of CRP and IL-6, but did not affect other inflammatory biomarkers. Nevertheless, more RCTs seems to be required to explore how NAC in different dosage and different routes of administration can affect inflammatory biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Askari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghaye Faryabi
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadis Mozaffari
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Manije Darooghegi Mofrad
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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Dash M, Dey A, Chattopadhyay S. Mitigation of arsenic driven utero-ovarian malfunction and changes of apoptotic gene expression by dietary NAC. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 199:110675. [PMID: 32402895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An oral painless dietary therapy is also indispensable in the management of arsenic toxicity despite of its conventional painful therapeutic management. The present study focused on the management of arsenic mediated female reproductive dysfunctions by dietary therapy of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). Here, sodium arsenite was given at the dose of 10 mg/kg body weight orally for the first 8 day. Day 9 onwards up to day 16 these arsenicated rats were provided with NAC (250 mg/kg body weight) enriched basal diet once daily. Arsenic intoxicated group exhibited a comparable inactivation of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) due to oxidative stress in reproductive organs along with a simultaneous elevation of lipid peroxidation state and decline in non-protein soluble thiols (NPSH) level in female reproductive organs. Arsenic intoxication also accomplished with the up-regulation of inflammatory markers tumour necrosis factor (TNF α) and nuclear factor κB (NF κB). Pro-apoptotic Bax gene and p53 gene expressions were also raised due to arsenic intoxication while anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene expression was suppressed. In fact, arsenication decreased the circulating level of vitamin B12 and folic acid. Dietary NAC supplementation significantly reversed back the activity of antioxidant enzymes in arsenite fed rats towards normalcy and also sustained the normal reproductive cyclicity, utero-ovarian histo-morphology and estradiol receptor α (ER-α) expression in these reproductive organs. Dietary NAC exerted its positive action against arsenic intoxication by up-regulation of Bcl-2 gene expression along with the suppression of pro-apoptotic Bax gene and p53 gene. Thus, dietary NAC also plays anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative role against arsenic toxicity. NAC also regulates the components (vitamin B12 and folic acid) of S-adenosylmethionine pool in the way of probable removal of arsenic from the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Dash
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Division, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Arindam Dey
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Division, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandip Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Division, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India.
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Kang KS, Shin S, Lee SI. N-acetylcysteine modulates cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression, liver injury, and oxidative stress in miniature pigs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 62:348-355. [PMID: 32568258 PMCID: PMC7288225 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2020.62.3.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide, a cytotoxic anticancer agent, induces immunosuppression and has
several adverse effects. N-acetylcysteine alleviates oxidative stress, liver
injury, and intestinal tissue damage. The present study examined whether
N-acetylcysteine modulates the adverse effects of cyclophosphamide in pigs.
Miniature pigs (n = 15) were used as an experimental model to evaluate the
effects of N-acetylcysteine treatment on immune reactions, liver injury, and
oxidative stress after cyclophosphamide challenge. Corn-soybean meal based
dietary treatments were as follows: control diet with either saline injection,
cyclophosphamide injection, or 0.5% N-acetylcysteine and cyclophosphamide
injection. N-acetylcysteine increased the number of immune cells and decreased
TNF-α production after cyclophosphamide injection and decreased
TNF-α, IFN-γ, NF-κB, and IL-8 expression and increased
IL-10 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Serum levels of alanine
transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase decreased, superoxide dismutase
activity increased, and malondialdehyde activity decreased following
N-acetylcysteine treatment after cyclophosphamide injection. N-acetylcysteine
decreases immunosuppression, liver injury, and oxidative stress in
cyclophosphamide-challenged miniature pigs. The present study suggests that
N-acetylcysteine has therapeutic application in livestock for modulating immune
reactions, liver injury, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sangsu Shin
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| | - Sang In Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
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Microarray analysis reveals the inhibition of intestinal expression of nutrient transporters in piglets infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19798. [PMID: 31875021 PMCID: PMC6930262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56391-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection can induce intestinal dysfunction, resulting in severe diarrhea and even death, but the mode of action underlying these viral effects remains unclear. This study determined the effects of PEDV infection on intestinal absorption and the expression of genes for nutrient transporters via biochemical tests and microarray analysis. Sixteen 7-day-old healthy piglets fed a milk replacer were randomly allocated to one of two groups. After 5-day adaption, piglets (n = 8/group) were orally administrated with either sterile saline or PEDV (the strain from Yunnan province) at 104.5 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infectious dose) per pig. All pigs were orally infused D-xylose (0.1 g/kg BW) on day 5 post PEDV or saline administration. One hour later, jugular vein blood samples as well as intestinal samples were collected for further analysis. In comparison with the control group, PEDV infection increased diarrhea incidence, blood diamine oxidase activity, and iFABP level, while reducing growth and plasma D-xylose concentration in piglets. Moreover, PEDV infection altered plasma and jejunal amino acid profiles, and decreased the expression of aquaporins and amino acid transporters (L-type amino acid transporter 1, sodium-independent amino acid transporter, B(°,+)-type amino acid transport protein, sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter 1, sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 3, and peptide transporter (1), lipid transport and metabolism-related genes (lipoprotein lipase, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein A4, apolipoprotein C2, solute carrier family 27 member 2, solute carrier family 27 member 4, fatty acid synthase, and long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (3), and glucose transport genes (glucose transporter-2 and insulin receptor) in the jejunum. However, PEDV administration increased mRNA levels for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, argininosuccinate synthase 1, sodium/glucose co-transporter-1, and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in the jejunum. Collectively, these comprehensive results indicate that PEDV infection induces intestinal injury and inhibits the expression of genes encoding for nutrient transporters.
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The Effect of Fermented Soybean Meal on Performance, Biochemical and Immunological Blood Parameters in Turkeys. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2019-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of different levels of fermented soybean meal on growth performance, intestinal morphology, metabolic indicators, and immunity in turkeys. The material for the study consisted of day-old BIG 6 turkeys raised to the age of 112 days. The experiment was carried out on 800 turkey hens (10 replications of 20 individuals each), assigned to 4 experimental groups of 200 birds each. The feed for the control group (FSBM0) was a standard mix without fermented soybean meal. For turkeys from groups FSBM7, FSBM9 and FSBM10 the diet contained 70, 90 or 100 g fermented soybean meal (FSBM) per kg of feed, respectively. The study showed that including fermented soybean meal in feed for turkeys at 7% improved intestinal histology and stimulated the immune and antioxidant systems. The use of higher level of FSBM (9% and 10%) in the diet of the turkeys improved growth performance and had a beneficial effect on the histology of the small intestine. The dietary inclusion of 10% FSBM had beneficial effect on red-blood-cell parameters, but caused negative impact on liver and kidney function (an increase of aminotransferases activity, content of glucose and creatinine in turkeys’ blood). Ten percent share of FSBM in feed contributed to an adverse intensification of oxidation and inflammatory reactions which were reflected by an increase of malonyldialdehyde, lipid peroxides level and proinflammatory inteleukine-6 contents.
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Liu H, Bai M, Tan B, Xu K, Yu R, Huang R, Yin Y. Influence of supplemented coated-cysteamine on morphology, apoptosis and oxidative stress status of gastrointestinal tract. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:328. [PMID: 31519201 PMCID: PMC6743120 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cysteamine was coated to cover its odor and maintain the stability. However, coated cysteamine (CC) has not been clearly evaluated for its effects on the gastrointestinal mucosa status. We hypothesize that the appropriate CC supplementation in diet impacts the stomach and intestinal mucosa variously through regulating the morphology, apoptosis, and oxidative stress status in model of pigs. RESULTS The results showed that villus height increased (P < 0.05), and crypt depth decreased (P < 0.05) in the ileum when pigs were fed the diet with low cysteamine (LCS) compared with the control diet. The ileal lesion score in the LCS group was significantly (P < 0.01) lower than that in the control group, while the gastric lesion score in the CC group was significantly (P < 0.01) higher compared with that of the control group. It also showed that the activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and diamine oxidase (DAO) were upregulated (P < 0.05) in the LCS group. In addition, Bax and caspase 3 immunore-activity increased (P < 0.01), and Bcl-2 immunoreactivity decreased (P < 0.01) in the gastric mucosa of pigs fed the diet with high cysteamine (HCS). The Bax and caspase 3 immunoreactivity decreased (P < 0.01), and Bcl-2 immunoreactivity increased (P < 0.01) in ileum mucosa of pigs fed the HCS diet. CONCLUSIONS Although moderate dietary coated cysteamine showed positive effects on GI mucosal morphology, apoptosis, and oxidative stress status, the excess coated cysteamine may cause apoptosis leading to GI damage in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongnan Liu
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Livestock and Poultry, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 644 Yuanda 2 Road, Changsha, 410125, China. .,Hangzhou King Techina Technology Company Academician Expert Workstation, Hangzhou King Techina Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311107, China. .,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, People's Republic of China.
| | - Miaomiao Bai
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Livestock and Poultry, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 644 Yuanda 2 Road, Changsha, 410125, China.,College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Bie Tan
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Livestock and Poultry, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 644 Yuanda 2 Road, Changsha, 410125, China.,College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Livestock and Poultry, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 644 Yuanda 2 Road, Changsha, 410125, China.,Hangzhou King Techina Technology Company Academician Expert Workstation, Hangzhou King Techina Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311107, China
| | - Rong Yu
- Hangzhou King Techina Technology Company Academician Expert Workstation, Hangzhou King Techina Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311107, China
| | - Ruilin Huang
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Livestock and Poultry, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 644 Yuanda 2 Road, Changsha, 410125, China.,Hangzhou King Techina Technology Company Academician Expert Workstation, Hangzhou King Techina Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311107, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Livestock and Poultry, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 644 Yuanda 2 Road, Changsha, 410125, China. .,Hangzhou King Techina Technology Company Academician Expert Workstation, Hangzhou King Techina Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311107, China. .,College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
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Cui Y, Wang Q, Wang M, Jia J, Wu R. Gardenia Decoction Prevent Intestinal Mucosal Injury by Inhibiting Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and NF-κB Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:180. [PMID: 30983991 PMCID: PMC6447716 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, which belongs to the Rubiaceae family, is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine. Although effect of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis has been widely reported, its anti-inflammatory role in intestinal mucosal injury induced by LPS remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of decoction extracted from Gardenia jasminoides on the morphology and intestinal antioxidant capacity of duodenum induced by LPS in mice. Further analysis was carried out in the expression of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was determined by Western blot. Gardenia jasminoides water extract was qualitative analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electro spray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The results showed that Gardenia decoction markedly inhibited the LPS-induced Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-1 production. It was also observed that Gardenia decoction attenuated duodenum histopathology changes in the mouse models. Furthermore, Gardenia decoction inhibited the expression of NF-κB in LPS stimulated mouse duodenum. These results suggest that Gardenia decoction exerts an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant property by up-regulating the activities of the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), the total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Gardenia decoction is highly effective in inhibiting intestinal mucosal damage and may be a promising potential therapeutic reagent for intestinal mucosal damage treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhe Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Qiuju Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Mengzhu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Junfeng Jia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Rui Wu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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Tang D, Wu J, Jiao H, Wang X, Zhao J, Lin H. The development of antioxidant system in the intestinal tract of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:664-678. [PMID: 30289502 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is the site for the uptake of nutrients from the external environment. We hypothesized that the antioxidant system in the intestinal tract has a vital protective role from the oxidative damage induced by oxidants in foods. The aim of this study was to investigate the development of the antioxidant system in the intestine of chickens. The activity and gene expression of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the content of the non-enzymatic substance glutathione (GSH) were measured in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of chickens at 1, 3, 7, 11, 14, 21, 35, and 42 d of age. The results showed that the small intestinal tract had relatively higher SOD activity and GSH concentration and lower CAT and GSH-Px activities, compared with those of other visceral organs. CAT and GSH-Px activities and GSH concentration showed a decreasing trend with age, whereas SOD activity was not significantly influenced by age. The gene expression of SOD1, SOD2, and GSH-Px7 showed a dramatic decrease from 3 d of age. The results indicated that SOD and GSH were highly expressed in the first week of age after hatching. To conclude, the results suggest that SOD and GSH play a vital protective role in the small intestine after hatching, which contributes to rapid development of the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhi Tang
- Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, No. 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, No. 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, No. 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, No. 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, No. 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, No. 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
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Mishra B, Jha R. Oxidative Stress in the Poultry Gut: Potential Challenges and Interventions. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:60. [PMID: 30886854 PMCID: PMC6409315 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) provides the biological environment for nutrient digestion and absorption, and protection from pathogens and toxins. Broilers are fast growing because of the great potential of intestinal epithelia for nutrient absorption, and efficient conversion of nutrient to muscle. Physiologically, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are generated by GIT epithelial cells either from oxygen metabolism or by enteric commensal bacteria and regulate gut health. However, increased production of ROS elevates free radical production and antioxidant insults resulting in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress in poultry GIT is derived from nutritional, environmental heat stress, and pathological factors, which alters overall performance as well as meat and egg quality. Supplementation of exogenous vitamins, antioxidants, and plant extract having antioxidant properties scavenge ROS and are beneficial in mitigating oxidative stress in the GIT. This review highlights the involvement of oxidative stress in the gastrointestinal functionality of poultry and potential intervention strategies to maintain redox balance in the GIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birendra Mishra
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Rajesh Jha
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
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Effects of N-Acetyl-Cysteine Supplementation through Drinking Water on the Glutathione Redox Status during the Weaning Transition of Piglets. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8010024. [PMID: 30654433 PMCID: PMC6356391 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) supplementation through drinking water on animal performance and the glutathione (GSH) redox system in weaned piglets, particularly in relation to the immediate post-weaning feed intake. To this end, 168 piglets were weaned and either fed ad libitum or fasted the first two days, and either or not administered 200 mg/L NAC via the drinking water until d14 post-weaning. Next to animal performance until day 42 (d42), the GSH redox system was measured in erythrocytes, small intestinal mucosa, liver, lung, and kidney tissue at d0, d2, and d14 post-weaning. Animal performance and GSH levels were not affected by NAC, nor by fasting. Irrespective of treatment, a significant drop in GSH at d2 post-weaning was found as compared to d0, in particular in liver (−69%), distal jejunal mucosa (−72%), and lung tissue (−80%). Post-weaning changes of the GSH redox status were strongly tissue-dependent. To conclude, this research indicates that GSH redox homeostasis was largely affected in multiple organs during the weaning transition. NAC supplementation did not increase GSH levels in any tissue, not even in fasted animals, questioning the fact if cysteine is the first or only limiting factor determining the rate of GSH synthesis in the early post-weaning phase.
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Teresa C, Antonella D, de Ville de Goyet Jean. New Nutritional and Therapeutical Strategies of NEC. Curr Pediatr Rev 2019; 15:92-105. [PMID: 30868956 DOI: 10.2174/1573396315666190313164753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an acquired severe disease of the digestive system affecting mostly premature babies, possibly fatal and frequently associated to systemic complications. Because of the severity of this condition and the possible long-term consequences on the child's development, many studies have aimed at preventing the occurrence of the primary events at the level of the bowel wall (ischemia and necrosis followed by sepsis) by modifying or manipulating the diet (breast milk versus formula) and/or the feeding pattern (time for initiation after birth, continuous versus bolus feeding, modulation of intake according clinical events). Feeding have been investigated so far in order to prevent NEC. However, currently well-established and shared clinical nutritional practices are not available in preventing NEC. Nutritional and surgical treatments of NEC are instead well defined. In selected cases surgery is a therapeutic option of NEC, requiring sometimes partial intestinal resection responsible for short bowel syndrome. In this paper we will investigate the available options for treating NEC according to the Walsh and Kliegman classification, focusing on feeding practices in managing short bowel syndrome that can complicate NEC. We will also analyze the proposed ways of preventing NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Capriati Teresa
- Artificial Nutrition in Pediatric Children's Hospital, Bambino Gesu, Rome, Italy
| | - Diamanti Antonella
- Artificial Nutrition in Pediatric Children's Hospital, Bambino Gesu, Rome, Italy
| | - de Ville de Goyet Jean
- Pediatric Department for the Treatment and Study of abdominal Disease and Abdominal Transplants, ISMETT-UPMC, Palermo, Italy
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Omid K, Amirali S, Ahmad K. N-Acetyl cysteine improves performance, reproduction, antioxidant status, immunity and maternal antibody transmission in breeder Japanese quail under heat stress condition. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Cui Y, Wang Q, Sun R, Guo L, Wang M, Jia J, Xu C, Wu R. Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge repairs intestinal mucosal injury induced by LPS in mice. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:230. [PMID: 30075775 PMCID: PMC6091064 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge is one of the most widely used traditional Chinese herbal medicines. It is used as immune stimulant, tonic, antioxidant, hepatoprotectant, diuretic, antidiabetic, anticancer, and expectorant. The purpose of the study was to investigate the curative effects of the decoction obtained from Astragalus membranaceus root in intestinal mucosal injury induced by LPS in mice. An LPS-induced intestinal mucosal injury mice model was applied in the study. Methods The mice were post-treated with Astragalus membranaceus decoction (AMD) for 4 days after 3 days LPS induction. ELISA kit was used to detect the content of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4,IL-6 and IL-8 in the serum of each group mice. The morphological changes in intestinal mucosa at the end of the experiments were observed. Both VH (villus height) and CD (crypt depth) were measured using H&E-stained sections. Results There were significant differences in IL-1β, IL-4,IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α levels in AMD-treated group on the 7th day compared to the controls group. The VH was lower in duodenum, jejunum and the ileum in LPS-treated mice compared to the control animals. Similarly, there was also decrease in V/C. Compared to the control mice, for AMD-treated mice, VH and CD had no significantly differences. Conclusions Astragalus membranaceus reduced intestinal mucosal damage and promoted tissue repair by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory cytokine.
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Hou L, Zhou X, Gan F, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Qian G, Huang K. Combination of Selenomethionine and N-Acetylcysteine Alleviates the Joint Toxicities of Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A by ERK MAPK Signal Pathway in Porcine Alveolar Macrophages. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5913-5923. [PMID: 29799741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) could trigger joint immune toxicity. Little is known about the combined effects of selenomethionine (SeMet) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the joint toxicities of the two toxins. In this study, results showed that SeMet or NAC alone or in combination significantly alleviated the downswing of cell viability, glutathione production, and phagorytosis induced by AFB1 and OTA in porcine alveolar macrophages. The uptrend of lactate dehydrogenase activities, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species levels, and the relative mRNA of inflammatory cytokines triggered by the two toxins was decreased. Combination of them was more effective than single application. Knockdown of p38, c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK), or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) via use of the corresponding specific siRNA could alleviate the joint toxicities of AFB1 and OTA. However, the ERK but not p38 or JNK pathway was involved in the protection of SeMet and NAC against the immunotoxicity. In conclusion, combination of SeMet and NAC might be a new therapeutic orientation for preventing the joint toxicities induced by AFB1 and OTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , Jiangsu Province , China
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , Jiangsu Province , China
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Fang Gan
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , Jiangsu Province , China
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Zixuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , Jiangsu Province , China
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Yajiao Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , Jiangsu Province , China
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Gang Qian
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , Jiangsu Province , China
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , Jiangsu Province , China
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , Jiangsu Province , China
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Yi D, Li B, Hou Y, Wang L, Zhao D, Chen H, Wu T, Zhou Y, Ding B, Wu G. Dietary supplementation with an amino acid blend enhances intestinal function in piglets. Amino Acids 2018; 50:1089-1100. [PMID: 29770867 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2586-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The traditionally classified nutritionally non-essential amino acids are now known to be insufficiently synthesized for maximal growth and optimal health in piglets. This study determined the effects of dietary supplementation with an amino acid blend (AAB; glutamate:glutamine:glycine:arginine:N-acetylcysteine = 5:2:2:1:0.5) on piglet growth performance and intestinal functions. Sixteen piglets (24-day-old) were randomly assigned to a corn and soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0.99% alanine (isonitrogenous control) or 1% AAB. On day 20 of the trial, blood and intestinal tissue samples were obtained from piglets. Compared with the control, AAB supplementation reduced (P < 0.05) diarrhoea incidence; plasma alanine aminotransferase and diamine oxidase activities; intestinal concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and heat shock protein-70, and intestinal mRNA levels for interleukin-1β, interferon-γ, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand-9; and the numbers of Enterobacterium family, Enterococcus genus and Clostridium coccoides in the colon digesta. Furthermore, AAB supplementation enhanced (P < 0.05): the plasma concentrations of serine, aspartate, glutamate, cysteine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, lysine, arginine, citrulline, ornithine, taurine, and γ-aminobutyric acid; intestinal villus height and surface area, villus height/crypt depth ratio, antioxidative enzyme activities, and mRNA levels for porcine β-defensin-1, sodium-independent amino acid transporters (b0,+AT and y+LAT1), aquaporin (AQP) 3, AQP8, AQP10, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and glutathione S-transferase omega-2, and protein abundances of AQP3, AQP4, claudin-1, occludin and myxovirus resistance 1; and the numbers of Bifidobacterium genus and Lactobacillus genus in the colon digesta. Collectively, these comprehensive results indicate that dietary AAB supplementation plays an important role in improving piglet growth and intestinal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yi
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Baocheng Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Binying Ding
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China.,Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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Yi D, Fang Q, Hou Y, Wang L, Xu H, Wu T, Gong J, Wu G. Dietary Supplementation with Oleum Cinnamomi Improves Intestinal Functions in Piglets. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1284. [PMID: 29693599 PMCID: PMC5983671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was to determine the efficacy of dietary supplementation with oleum cinnamomi (OCM) on growth performance and intestinal functions in piglets. Sixteen piglets (24-day-old) were randomly assigned to the control or OCM groups. Piglets in the control group were fed a basal diet, whereas piglets in the OCM group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg OCM. On day 20 of the trial, blood samples and intestinal tissues were obtained from piglets. Compared with the control group, dietary OCM supplementation increased (p < 0.05) average daily feed intake, plasma insulin levels, villus width and villous surface area in the duodenum and jejunum, DNA levels and RNA/DNA ratios in the ileum, the abundance of Enterococcus genus and Lactobacillus genus in caecum digesta, mRNA levels for epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), Ras, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2), b-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL), villin, junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A), myxovirus resistance (MX) 1, MX2 and regenerating islet-derived protein 3 gamma (REG3G), and protein abundances of Ras and claudin-1, but decreased (p < 0.05) diarrhoea incidence; the abundances of Enterobacteriaceae family, Enterococcus genus, Lactobacillus genus, Bifidobacterium genus, and Clostrium coccoides in the colon digesta, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) mRNA levels and caspase-3 protein abundance in the jejunal mucosa of piglets. Taken together, these data indicate that dietary OCM supplementation modulates intestinal microbiota and improves intestinal function in weanling pigs. OCM is an effective feed additive and alternative to feed antibiotics for improving intestinal health in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yi
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Qiuhong Fang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Haiwang Xu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Tao Wu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Joshua Gong
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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Zhao D, Wu T, Yi D, Wang L, Li P, Zhang J, Hou Y, Wu G. Dietary Supplementation with Lactobacillus casei Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Injury in a Porcine Model. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122535. [PMID: 29186870 PMCID: PMC5751138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to determine whether Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) could relieve liver injury in piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Piglets were randomly allocated into one of the three groups: control, LPS, and L. casei. The control and LPS groups were fed a corn- and soybean meal-based diet, whereas the L. casei group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 6 × 10⁶ cfu/g L. casei. On Day 31 of the trial, piglets in the LPS and L. casei groups received intraperitoneal administration of LPS (100 µg/kg body weight), while the control group received the same volume of saline. Blood and liver samples were collected for analysis. Results showed that L. casei supplementation decreased the feed/gain ratio (p = 0.027) and diarrhea incidence (p < 0.001), and attenuated LPS-induced liver histomorphological abnormalities. Compared with the control group, LPS challenge dramatically increased glutamyl transpeptidase activity (p = 0.001) in plasma as well as the concentrations of Interleukin 6 (IL-6) (p = 0.048), Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (p = 0.041), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) (p = 0.001) in the liver, while decreasing the hepatic SOD activity. LPS also increased (p < 0.05) the mRNA levels for IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4), Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the liver. The adverse effects of LPS challenge were ameliorated by L. casei supplementation. In conclusion, dietary L. casei alleviates LPS-induced liver injury via reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing anti-oxidative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Tao Wu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Dan Yi
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Junmei Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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Skvarc DR, Berk M, Byrne LK, Dean OM, Dodd S, Lewis M, Marriott A, Moore EM, Morris G, Page RS, Gray L. Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction: An exploration of the inflammatory hypothesis and novel therapies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 84:116-133. [PMID: 29180259 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD) is a highly prevalent condition with significant clinical, social and financial impacts for patients and their communities. The underlying pathophysiology is becoming increasingly understood, with the role of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress secondary to surgery and anaesthesia strongly implicated. This review aims to describe the putative mechanisms by which surgery-induced inflammation produces cognitive sequelae, with a focus on identifying potential novel therapies based upon their ability to modify these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Skvarc
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia; Deakin University, Innovations in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment (IMPACT) Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, Innovations in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment (IMPACT) Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Linda K Byrne
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Olivia M Dean
- Deakin University, Innovations in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment (IMPACT) Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Seetal Dodd
- Deakin University, Innovations in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment (IMPACT) Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | - Matthew Lewis
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia; Aged Psychiatry Service, Caulfield Hospital, Alfred Health, Caulfield, Australia
| | - Andrew Marriott
- Department of Anaesthesia, Perioperative Medicine & Pain Management, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, Innovations in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment (IMPACT) Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Eileen M Moore
- Department of Anaesthesia, Perioperative Medicine & Pain Management, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, Innovations in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment (IMPACT) Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Richard S Page
- Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Laura Gray
- Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia.
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Gleixner AM, Hutchison DF, Sannino S, Bhatia TN, Leak LC, Flaherty PT, Wipf P, Brodsky JL, Leak RK. N-Acetyl-l-Cysteine Protects Astrocytes against Proteotoxicity without Recourse to Glutathione. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 92:564-575. [PMID: 28830914 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.109926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) exhibits protective properties in brain injury models and has undergone a number of clinical trials. Most studies of NAC have focused on neurons. However, neuroprotection may be complemented by the protection of astrocytes because healthier astrocytes can better support the viability of neurons. Here, we show that NAC can protect astrocytes against protein misfolding stress (proteotoxicity), the hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders. Although NAC is thought to be a glutathione precursor, NAC protected primary astrocytes from the toxicity of the proteasome inhibitor MG132 without eliciting any increase in glutathione. Furthermore, glutathione depletion failed to attenuate the protective effects of NAC. MG132 elicited a robust increase in the folding chaperone heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), and NAC mitigated this effect. Nevertheless, three independent inhibitors of Hsp70 function ablated the protective effects of NAC, suggesting that NAC may help preserve Hsp70 chaperone activity and improve protein quality control without need for Hsp70 induction. Consistent with this view, NAC abolished an increase in ubiquitinated proteins in MG132-treated astrocytes. However, NAC did not affect the loss of proteasome activity in response to MG132, demonstrating that it boosted protein homeostasis and cell viability without directly interfering with the efficacy of this proteasome inhibitor. The thiol-containing molecules l-cysteine and d-cysteine both mimicked the protective effects of NAC, whereas the thiol-lacking molecule N-acetyl-S-methyl-l-cysteine failed to exert protection or blunt the rise in ubiquitinated proteins. Collectively, these findings suggest that the thiol group in NAC is required for its effects on glial viability and protein quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Gleixner
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
| | - Daniel F Hutchison
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
| | - Sara Sannino
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
| | - Tarun N Bhatia
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
| | - Lillian C Leak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
| | - Patrick T Flaherty
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
| | - Peter Wipf
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
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Roles of amino acids in preventing and treating intestinal diseases: recent studies with pig models. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1277-1291. [PMID: 28616751 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2450-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Animal models are needed to study and understand a human complex disease. Because of their similarities in anatomy, structure, physiology, and pathophysiology, the pig has proven its usefulness in studying human gastrointestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, ischemia/reperfusion injury, diarrhea, and cancer. To understand the pathogenesis of these diseases, a number of experimental models generated in pigs are available, for example, through surgical manipulation, chemical induction, microbial infection, and genetic engineering. Our interests have been using amino acids as therapeutics in pig and human disease models. Amino acids not only play an important role in protein biosynthesis, but also exert significant physiological effects in regulating immunity, anti-oxidation, redox regulation, energy metabolism, signal transduction, and animal behavior. Recent studies in pigs have shown that specific dietary amino acids can improve intestinal integrity and function under normal and pathological conditions that protect the host from different diseases. In this review, we summarize several pig models in intestinal diseases and how amino acids can be used as therapeutics in treating pig and human diseases.
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N-Acetylcysteine improves intestinal function in lipopolysaccharides-challenged piglets through multiple signaling pathways. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1915-1929. [PMID: 28271166 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2389-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study determined whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) could improve intestinal function through phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathways in a piglet model of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) challenge. Thirty-two piglets (24-day-old) were randomly allocated to one of four treatments, with eight replicates per treatment and one piglet per replicate. The experiment consisted of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two diets (supplemented with 0 or 500 mg NAC/kg diet) and saline or LPS administration. On day 20 of the trial, piglets in the LPS and LPS + NAC groups were intraperitoneally injected with 0 (saline) or 100 μg LPS/kg BW. Blood samples were obtained at 3 h and intestinal mucosae were collected at 6 h post LPS or saline injection. The growth performance was not affected by dietary NAC. LPS induced intestinal dysfunction, as indicated by: (1) reductions in the small-intestinal glutathione concentrations and plasma D-xylose levels; (2) elevations in plasma diamine oxidase activity, mucosal MMP3 mRNA levels and caspase-3 protein abundance; (3) reduced the activities of the small-intestinal mucosal maltase, sucrase and lactase. The adverse effects of LPS on porcine intestinal function and redox status were mitigated by NAC supplementation through the activation of multiple signaling pathways involving PI3K/Akt/mTOR, EGFR, TLR4/NF-κB, AMPK, and type I IFN. Our findings provide novel mechanisms for beneficial effects of NAC in protecting the intestine from inflammation in animals.
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N-Acetylcysteine supplementation alleviates intestinal injury in piglets infected by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1931-1943. [PMID: 28258325 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2397-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infects the intestine of young pigs, but effective measures for prevention and treatment are lacking. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) has been shown to reduce endotoxin-induced intestinal dysfunction. This study was conducted with the PEDV-infected neonatal piglet model to determine the effect of NAC supplementation on intestinal function. Thirty-two 7-day-old piglets were randomly allocated to one of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design consisting of two liquid diets (0 or 50 mg/kg BW NAC supplementation) and oral administration of 0 or 104.5 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infectious dose) PEDV. On day 7 of the trial, half of the pigs (n = 8) in each dietary treatment received either sterile saline or PEDV (Yunnan province strain) solution at 104.5 TCID50 per pig. On day 10 of the trial, D-xylose (0.1 g/kg BW) was orally administrated to all pigs. One hour later, jugular vein blood samples were collected, and then all pigs were killed to obtain the small intestine. PEDV infection increased diarrhea incidence, while reducing ADG. PEDV infection also decreased plasma D-xylose concentration, small intestinal villus height, mucosal I-FABP and villin mRNA levels but increased mucosal MX1 and GCNT3 mRNA levels (P < 0.05). Dietary NAC supplementation ameliorated the PEDV-induced abnormal changes in all the measured variables. Moreover, NAC reduced oxidative stress, as indicated by decreases in plasma and mucosal H2O2 levels. Collectively, these novel results indicate that dietary supplementation with NAC alleviates intestinal mucosal damage and improves the absorptive function of the small intestine in PEDV-infected piglets.
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N -acetylcysteine improves the growth performance and intestinal function in the heat-stressed broilers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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