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Hernandez-Gonzalez F, Mendoza N, Casas-Recasens S, Cruz T, Albacar N, López-Saiz G, Alsina-Restoy X, Rojas M, Agusti A, Sellarés J, Faner R. Peripheral Immune Cell Profiling Reveals Distinct Immune Hallmarks in Progressive Pulmonary Fibrosis. Arch Bronconeumol 2023; 59:681-684. [PMID: 37468400 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Hernandez-Gonzalez
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Mendoza
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Spain; University of Barcelona, Biomedicine Department, Immunology Unit, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Casas-Recasens
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Spain
| | - Tamara Cruz
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Spain
| | - Nuria Albacar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma López-Saiz
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Alsina-Restoy
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alvar Agusti
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Spain
| | - Jacobo Sellarés
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Spain
| | - Rosa Faner
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Spain; University of Barcelona, Biomedicine Department, Immunology Unit, Barcelona, Spain.
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2
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Line J, Saville E, Meng X, Naisbitt D. Why drug exposure is frequently associated with T-cell mediated cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1268107. [PMID: 37795379 PMCID: PMC10546197 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1268107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions represent the most common manifestation of drug allergy seen in the clinic, with 25% of all adverse drug reactions appearing in the skin. The severity of cutaneous eruptions can vastly differ depending on the cellular mechanisms involved from a minor, self-resolving maculopapular rash to major, life-threatening pathologies such as the T-cell mediated bullous eruptions, i.e., Stevens Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis. It remains a significant question as to why these reactions are so frequently associated with the skin and what factors polarise these reactions towards more serious disease states. The barrier function which the skin performs means it is constantly subject to a barrage of danger signals, creating an environment that favors elicitation. Therefore, a critical question is what drives the expansion of cutaneous lymphocyte antigen positive, skin homing, T-cell sub-populations in draining lymph nodes. One answer could be the heterologous immunity hypothesis whereby tissue resident memory T-cells that express T-cell receptors (TCRs) for pathogen derived antigens cross-react with drug antigen. A significant amount of research has been conducted on skin immunity in the context of contact allergy and the role of tissue specific antigen presenting cells in presenting drug antigen to T-cells, but it is unclear how this relates to epitopes derived from circulation. Studies have shown that the skin is a metabolically active organ, capable of generating reactive drug metabolites. However, we know that drug antigens are displayed systemically so what factors permit tolerance in one part of the body, but reactivity in the skin. Most adverse drug reactions are mild, and skin eruptions tend to be visible to the patient, whereas minor organ injury such as transient transaminase elevation is often not apparent. Systemic hypersensitivity reactions tend to have early cutaneous manifestations, the progression of which is halted by early diagnosis and treatment. It is apparent that the preference for cutaneous involvement of drug hypersensitivity reactions is multi-faceted, therefore this review aims to abridge the findings from literature on the current state of the field and provide insight into the cellular and metabolic mechanisms which may contribute to severe cutaneous adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dean Naisbitt
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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3
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Frankowska N, Bryl E, Fulop T, Witkowski JM. Longevity, Centenarians and Modified Cellular Proteodynamics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032888. [PMID: 36769212 PMCID: PMC9918038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have shown before that at least one intracellular proteolytic system seems to be at least as abundant in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of centenarians as in the same cells of young individuals (with the cells of the elderly population showing a significant dip compared to both young and centenarian cohorts). Despite scarce published data, in this review, we tried to answer the question how do different types of cells of longevous people-nonagenarians to (semi)supercentenarians-maintain the quality and quantity of their structural and functional proteins? Specifically, we asked if more robust proteodynamics participate in longevity. We hypothesized that at least some factors controlling the maintenance of cellular proteomes in centenarians will remain at the "young" level (just performing better than in the average elderly). In our quest, we considered multiple aspects of cellular protein maintenance (proteodynamics), including the quality of transcribed DNA, its epigenetic changes, fidelity and quantitative features of transcription of both mRNA and noncoding RNAs, the process of translation, posttranslational modifications leading to maturation and functionalization of nascent proteins, and, finally, multiple facets of the process of elimination of misfolded, aggregated, and otherwise dysfunctional proteins (autophagy). We also included the status of mitochondria, especially production of ATP necessary for protein synthesis and maintenance. We found that with the exception of the latter and of chaperone function, practically all of the considered aspects did show better performance in centenarians than in the average elderly, and most of them approached the levels/activities seen in the cells of young individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Frankowska
- Department of Physiopathology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tamas Fulop
- Research Center on Aging, Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Jacek M. Witkowski
- Department of Physiopathology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-349-1510
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4
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Saul D, Khosla S. Fracture Healing in the Setting of Endocrine Diseases, Aging, and Cellular Senescence. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:984-1002. [PMID: 35182420 PMCID: PMC9695115 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
More than 2.1 million age-related fractures occur in the United States annually, resulting in an immense socioeconomic burden. Importantly, the age-related deterioration of bone structure is associated with impaired bone healing. Fracture healing is a dynamic process which can be divided into four stages. While the initial hematoma generates an inflammatory environment in which mesenchymal stem cells and macrophages orchestrate the framework for repair, angiogenesis and cartilage formation mark the second healing period. In the central region, endochondral ossification favors soft callus development while next to the fractured bony ends, intramembranous ossification directly forms woven bone. The third stage is characterized by removal and calcification of the endochondral cartilage. Finally, the chronic remodeling phase concludes the healing process. Impaired fracture healing due to aging is related to detrimental changes at the cellular level. Macrophages, osteocytes, and chondrocytes express markers of senescence, leading to reduced self-renewal and proliferative capacity. A prolonged phase of "inflammaging" results in an extended remodeling phase, characterized by a senescent microenvironment and deteriorating healing capacity. Although there is evidence that in the setting of injury, at least in some tissues, senescent cells may play a beneficial role in facilitating tissue repair, recent data demonstrate that clearing senescent cells enhances fracture repair. In this review, we summarize the physiological as well as pathological processes during fracture healing in endocrine disease and aging in order to establish a broad understanding of the biomechanical as well as molecular mechanisms involved in bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Saul
- Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.,Department of Trauma, Orthopedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Georg-August-University of Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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5
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Anmol K, Akanksha H, Zhengguo X. Are CD45RO+ and CD45RA- genuine markers for bovine memory T cells? ANIMAL DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s44149-022-00057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractEffective vaccination induces memory T cells, which protect the host against pathogen re-infections. Therefore, detection of memory T cells is essential for evaluating vaccine efficacy, which was originally dependent on cytokine induction assays. Currently, two isoforms of CD45 tyrosine phosphatase, CD45RO expression and CD45RA exclusion (CD45RO+/ CD45RA-) are used extensively for detecting memory T cells in cattle. The CD45RO+/CD45RA- markers were first established in humans around three decades ago, and were adopted in cattle soon after. However, in the last two decades, some published data in humans have challenged the initial paradigm, and required multiple markers for identifying memory T cells. On the contrary, memory T cell detection in cattle still mostly relies on CD45RO+/CD45RA- despite some controversial evidence. In this review, we summarized the current literature to examine if CD45RO+/CD45RA- are valid markers for detecting memory T cells in cattle. It seems CD45RA and CD45RO (CD45RA/RO) as markers for identifying bovine memory T cells are questionable.
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6
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Hastak PS, Andersen CR, Kelleher AD, Sasson SC. Frontline workers: Mediators of mucosal immunity in community acquired pneumonia and COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:983550. [PMID: 36211412 PMCID: PMC9539803 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.983550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted a need to further understand lung mucosal immunity to reduce the burden of community acquired pneumonia, including that caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Local mucosal immunity provides the first line of defence against respiratory pathogens, however very little is known about the mechanisms involved, with a majority of literature on respiratory infections based on the examination of peripheral blood. The mortality for severe community acquired pneumonia has been rising annually, even prior to the current pandemic, highlighting a significant need to increase knowledge, understanding and research in this field. In this review we profile key mediators of lung mucosal immunity, the dysfunction that occurs in the diseased lung microenvironment including the imbalance of inflammatory mediators and dysbiosis of the local microbiome. A greater understanding of lung tissue-based immunity may lead to improved diagnostic and prognostic procedures and novel treatment strategies aimed at reducing the disease burden of community acquired pneumonia, avoiding the systemic manifestations of infection and excess morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka S. Hastak
- The Kirby Institute, Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher R. Andersen
- The Kirby Institute, Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Critical Care and Trauma Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony D. Kelleher
- The Kirby Institute, Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah C. Sasson
- The Kirby Institute, Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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7
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Wang Y, Dong C, Han Y, Gu Z, Sun C. Immunosenescence, aging and successful aging. Front Immunol 2022; 13:942796. [PMID: 35983061 PMCID: PMC9379926 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.942796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging induces a series of immune related changes, which is called immunosenescence, playing important roles in many age-related diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases, tumors, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases and coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). However, the mechanism of immunosenescence, the association with aging and successful aging, and the effects on diseases are not revealed obviously. In order to provide theoretical basis for preventing or controlling diseases effectively and achieve successful aging, we conducted the review and found that changes of aging-related phenotypes, deterioration of immune organ function and alterations of immune cell subsets participated in the process of immunosenescence, which had great effects on the occurrence and development of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yudian Han
- Information Center, The First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
| | - Zhifeng Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Zhifeng Gu, ; Chi Sun,
| | - Chi Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Zhifeng Gu, ; Chi Sun,
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8
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La Manna MP, Shekarkar Azgomi M, Tamburini B, Badami GD, Mohammadnezhad L, Dieli F, Caccamo N. Phenotypic and Immunometabolic Aspects on Stem Cell Memory and Resident Memory CD8+ T Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:884148. [PMID: 35784300 PMCID: PMC9247337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.884148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system, smartly and surprisingly, saves the exposure of a particular pathogen in its memory and reacts to the pathogen very rapidly, preventing serious diseases.Immunologists have long been fascinated by understanding the ability to recall and respond faster and more vigorously to a pathogen, known as “memory”.T-cell populations can be better described by using more sophisticated techniques to define phenotype, transcriptional and epigenetic signatures and metabolic pathways (single-cell resolution), which uncovered the heterogeneity of the memory T-compartment. Phenotype, effector functions, maintenance, and metabolic pathways help identify these different subsets. Here, we examine recent developments in the characterization of the heterogeneity of the memory T cell compartment. In particular, we focus on the emerging role of CD8+ TRM and TSCM cells, providing evidence on how their immunometabolism or modulation can play a vital role in their generation and maintenance in chronic conditions such as infections or autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pio La Manna
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico (A.O.U.P.) Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mojtaba Shekarkar Azgomi
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico (A.O.U.P.) Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Bartolo Tamburini
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico (A.O.U.P.) Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giusto Davide Badami
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico (A.O.U.P.) Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Leila Mohammadnezhad
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico (A.O.U.P.) Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico (A.O.U.P.) Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nadia Caccamo
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico (A.O.U.P.) Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Nadia Caccamo,
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9
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Lo Tartaro D, Neroni A, Paolini A, Borella R, Mattioli M, Fidanza L, Quong A, Petes C, Awong G, Douglas S, Lin D, Nieto J, Gozzi L, Franceschini E, Busani S, Nasi M, Mattioli AV, Trenti T, Meschiari M, Guaraldi G, Girardis M, Mussini C, Gibellini L, Cossarizza A, De Biasi S. Molecular and cellular immune features of aged patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Commun Biol 2022; 5:590. [PMID: 35710943 PMCID: PMC9203559 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for developing severe COVID-19, but few detailed data are available concerning immunological changes after infection in aged individuals. Here we describe main immune characteristics in 31 patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection who were >70 years old, compared to 33 subjects <60 years of age. Differences in plasma levels of 62 cytokines, landscape of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, T cell repertoire, transcriptome of central memory CD4+ T cells, specific antibodies are reported along with features of lung macrophages. Elderly subjects have higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, more circulating plasmablasts, reduced plasmatic level of anti-S and anti-RBD IgG3 antibodies, lower proportions of central memory CD4+ T cells, more immature monocytes and CD56+ pro-inflammatory monocytes, lower percentages of circulating follicular helper T cells (cTfh), antigen-specific cTfh cells with a less activated transcriptomic profile, lung resident activated macrophages that promote collagen deposition and fibrosis. Our study underlines the importance of inflammation in the response to SARS-CoV-2 and suggests that inflammaging, coupled with the inability to mount a proper anti-viral response, could exacerbate disease severity and the worst clinical outcome in old patients. Patients over the age of 70 show inflammaging and a weaker anti-viral response to SARS-CoV-2, pointing at the immunological changes associated with COVID-19 severity and outcome for aged patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Lo Tartaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Anita Neroni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Annamaria Paolini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Rebecca Borella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Mattioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Lucia Fidanza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrew Quong
- Fluidigm Corporation, 2 Tower Place, Suite 2000, South San Francisco, 94080, CA, USA
| | - Carlene Petes
- Fluidigm Corporation, 2 Tower Place, Suite 2000, South San Francisco, 94080, CA, USA
| | - Geneve Awong
- Fluidigm Corporation, 2 Tower Place, Suite 2000, South San Francisco, 94080, CA, USA
| | - Samuel Douglas
- Fluidigm Corporation, 2 Tower Place, Suite 2000, South San Francisco, 94080, CA, USA
| | - Dongxia Lin
- Fluidigm Corporation, 2 Tower Place, Suite 2000, South San Francisco, 94080, CA, USA
| | - Jordan Nieto
- Fluidigm Corporation, 2 Tower Place, Suite 2000, South San Francisco, 94080, CA, USA
| | - Licia Gozzi
- Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico di Modena, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Erica Franceschini
- Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico di Modena, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefano Busani
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.,Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Milena Nasi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Anna Vittoria Mattioli
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.,National Institute for Cardiovascular Research, via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, AUSL/AOU Policlinico, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Marianna Meschiari
- Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico di Modena, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Guaraldi
- Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico di Modena, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Girardis
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.,Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Cristina Mussini
- Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico di Modena, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Lara Gibellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy. .,National Institute for Cardiovascular Research, via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Sara De Biasi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy.
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10
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CD8 + T Cell Senescence: Lights and Shadows in Viral Infections, Autoimmune Disorders and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063374. [PMID: 35328795 PMCID: PMC8955595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T lymphocytes are a heterogeneous class of cells that play a crucial role in the adaptive immune response against pathogens and cancer. During their lifetime, they acquire cytotoxic functions to ensure the clearance of infected or transformed cells and, in addition, they turn into memory lymphocytes, thus providing a long-term protection. During ageing, the thymic involution causes a reduction of circulating T cells and an enrichment of memory cells, partially explaining the lowering of the response towards novel antigens with implications in vaccine efficacy. Moreover, the persistent stimulation by several antigens throughout life favors the switching of CD8+ T cells towards a senescent phenotype contributing to a low-grade inflammation that is a major component of several ageing-related diseases. In genetically predisposed young people, an immunological stress caused by viral infections (e.g., HIV, CMV, SARS-CoV-2), autoimmune disorders or tumor microenvironment (TME) could mimic the ageing status with the consequent acceleration of T cell senescence. This, in turn, exacerbates the inflamed conditions with dramatic effects on the clinical progression of the disease. A better characterization of the phenotype as well as the functions of senescent CD8+ T cells can be pivotal to prevent age-related diseases, to improve vaccine strategies and, possibly, immunotherapies in autoimmune diseases and cancer.
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11
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George AF, Luo X, Neidleman J, Hoh R, Vohra P, Thomas R, Shin MG, Lee MJ, Blish CA, Deeks S, Greene WC, Lee SA, Roan NR. Deep Phenotypic Analysis of Blood and Lymphoid T and NK Cells From HIV+ Controllers and ART-Suppressed Individuals. Front Immunol 2022; 13:803417. [PMID: 35154118 PMCID: PMC8829545 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.803417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
T and natural killer (NK) cells are effector cells with key roles in anti-HIV immunity, including in lymphoid tissues, the major site of HIV persistence. However, little is known about the features of these effector cells from people living with HIV (PLWH), particularly from those who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) during acute infection. Our study design was to use 42-parameter CyTOF to conduct deep phenotyping of paired blood- and lymph node (LN)-derived T and NK cells from three groups of HIV+ aviremic individuals: elite controllers (N = 5), and ART-suppressed individuals who had started therapy during chronic (N = 6) vs. acute infection (N = 8), the latter of which is associated with better outcomes. We found that acute-treated individuals are enriched for specific subsets of T and NK cells, including blood-derived CD56-CD16+ NK cells previously associated with HIV control, and LN-derived CD4+ T follicular helper cells with heightened expansion potential. An in-depth comparison of the features of the cells from blood vs. LNs of individuals from our cohort revealed that T cells from blood were more activated than those from LNs. By contrast, LNs were enriched for follicle-homing CXCR5+ CD8+ T cells, which expressed increased levels of inhibitory receptors and markers of survival and proliferation as compared to their CXCR5- counterparts. In addition, a subset of memory-like CD56brightTCF1+ NK cells was enriched in LNs relative to blood. These results together suggest unique T and NK cell features in acute-treated individuals, and highlight the importance of examining effector cells not only in blood but also the lymphoid tissue compartment, where the reservoir mostly persists, and where these cells take on distinct phenotypic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley F. George
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, San Francisco, CA, United States,Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Luo
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jason Neidleman
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, San Francisco, CA, United States,Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca Hoh
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Poonam Vohra
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Reuben Thomas
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Madeline J. Lee
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States,Program in Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Catherine A. Blish
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States,Program in Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Warner C. Greene
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, San Francisco, CA, United States,Departments of Medicine, and Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sulggi A. Lee
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Sulggi A. Lee, ; Nadia R. Roan,
| | - Nadia R. Roan
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, San Francisco, CA, United States,Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Sulggi A. Lee, ; Nadia R. Roan,
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12
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Paiva IA, Familiar-Macedo D, Badolato-Corrêa J, Carvalho FR, Dias HG, Pauvolid-Corrêa A, dos Santos CF, Silva AA, de Azeredo EL, Vianna RADO, Cardoso CAA, Grifoni A, Sette A, Weiskopf D, de-Oliveira-Pinto LM. Involvement of Th1Th17 Cell Subpopulations in the Immune Responses of Mothers Who Gave Birth to Children with Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS). Viruses 2022; 14:v14020250. [PMID: 35215843 PMCID: PMC8879837 DOI: 10.3390/v14020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of T helper 17 cell (Th17)-related cytokines have been shown in acute Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. We hypothesized that the high levels of Th17-related cytokines, associated with a regulatory environment during pregnancy, create a favorable milieu for the differentiation of CD4+Th17 cells. We present data from a cross-sectional study on mothers who confirmed ZIKV infection by qRT-PCR and their children. We also recruited non-pregnant women infected with ZIKV in the same period. ZIKV infection occurred between 2015 and 2017. We collected samples for this study between 2018 and 2019, years after the initial infection. We highlight that, after in vitro stimulation with ZIKV CD4 megapool (ZIKV MP), we found a lower frequency of IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells (Th17), especially in the mothers, confirmed by the decrease in IL-17 production in the supernatant. However, a higher frequency of CD4+ IL-17+ IFN-γ+ T cells (Th1Th17) responding to the ZIKV MP was observed in the cells of the mothers and children but not in those of the non-pregnant women. Our data indicate that the priming of CD4 T cells of the Th1Th17 phenotype occurred preferentially in the mothers who gave birth to children with CZS and in the children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iury Amancio Paiva
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (I.A.P.); (D.F.-M.); (J.B.-C.); (H.G.D.); (C.F.d.S.); (E.L.d.A.)
| | - Débora Familiar-Macedo
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (I.A.P.); (D.F.-M.); (J.B.-C.); (H.G.D.); (C.F.d.S.); (E.L.d.A.)
| | - Jéssica Badolato-Corrêa
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (I.A.P.); (D.F.-M.); (J.B.-C.); (H.G.D.); (C.F.d.S.); (E.L.d.A.)
| | - Fabiana Rabe Carvalho
- Multiuser Laboratory for Research in Nephrology and Medical Science, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24033-900, Brazil; (F.R.C.); (A.A.S.); (C.A.A.C.)
| | - Helver Gonçalves Dias
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (I.A.P.); (D.F.-M.); (J.B.-C.); (H.G.D.); (C.F.d.S.); (E.L.d.A.)
| | - Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA;
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Caroline Fernandes dos Santos
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (I.A.P.); (D.F.-M.); (J.B.-C.); (H.G.D.); (C.F.d.S.); (E.L.d.A.)
| | - Andréa Alice Silva
- Multiuser Laboratory for Research in Nephrology and Medical Science, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24033-900, Brazil; (F.R.C.); (A.A.S.); (C.A.A.C.)
| | - Elzinandes Leal de Azeredo
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (I.A.P.); (D.F.-M.); (J.B.-C.); (H.G.D.); (C.F.d.S.); (E.L.d.A.)
| | | | - Claudete Aparecida Araújo Cardoso
- Multiuser Laboratory for Research in Nephrology and Medical Science, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24033-900, Brazil; (F.R.C.); (A.A.S.); (C.A.A.C.)
- Department of Maternal and Child, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24033-900, Brazil;
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), San Diego, CA 92037, USA; (A.G.); (A.S.); (D.W.)
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), San Diego, CA 92037, USA; (A.G.); (A.S.); (D.W.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), San Diego, CA 92037, USA; (A.G.); (A.S.); (D.W.)
| | - Luzia Maria de-Oliveira-Pinto
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (I.A.P.); (D.F.-M.); (J.B.-C.); (H.G.D.); (C.F.d.S.); (E.L.d.A.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Finger CE, Moreno-Gonzalez I, Gutierrez A, Moruno-Manchon JF, McCullough LD. Age-related immune alterations and cerebrovascular inflammation. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:803-818. [PMID: 34711943 PMCID: PMC9046462 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with chronic systemic inflammation, which contributes to the development of many age-related diseases, including vascular disease. The world's population is aging, leading to an increasing prevalence of both stroke and vascular dementia. The inflammatory response to ischemic stroke is critical to both stroke pathophysiology and recovery. Age is a predictor of poor outcomes after stroke. The immune response to stroke is altered in aged individuals, which contributes to the disparate outcomes between young and aged patients. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of the effects of aging on the immune system and the cerebral vasculature and how these changes alter the immune response to stroke and vascular dementia in animal and human studies. Potential implications of these age-related immune alterations on chronic inflammation in vascular disease outcome are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carson E. Finger
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA ,grid.10215.370000 0001 2298 7828Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Faculty of Sciences, Malaga University, Malaga, Spain ,grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Malaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- grid.10215.370000 0001 2298 7828Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Faculty of Sciences, Malaga University, Malaga, Spain ,grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Malaga, Spain
| | - Jose Felix Moruno-Manchon
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Louise D. McCullough
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
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14
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Zuin J, Fogar P, Musso G, Padoan A, Piva E, Pelloso M, Tosato F, Cattelan A, Basso D, Plebani M. OUP accepted manuscript. Lab Med 2022; 53:609-613. [PMID: 35716073 PMCID: PMC9214174 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To identify the potential prognostic value of lymphocyte subsets in COVID-19 patients, where lymphopenia is a common finding. Methods In 353 COVID-19 inpatients and 40 controls T cell subsets with markers of senescence and exhaustion were studied by flow cytometry. Results In severe illness, total lymphocytes B, NK, and all T subsets were dampened. Senescent CD4+, but mainly CD8+ T cells, increased in patients with respect to controls. The most significant index predicting fatal outcome was neutrophils/CD3+ T ratio. Conclusion In conclusion, an altered T cell pattern underlies COVID-19 severity and is involved in predicting the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Zuin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Padova University-Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Fogar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Padova University-Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Padoan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Padova University-Hospital, Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Piva
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Padova University-Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Michela Pelloso
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Padova University-Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Tosato
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Padova University-Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cattelan
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Padova University-Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Basso
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Padova University-Hospital, Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Plebani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Padova University-Hospital, Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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15
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Patel D, Newell M, Goruk S, Richard C, Field CJ. Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Docosahexaenoic Acid and Arachidonic Acid Supplementation in the Suckling and the Post-weaning Diet Influences the Immune System Development of T Helper Type-2 Bias Brown Norway Rat Offspring. Front Nutr 2021; 8:769293. [PMID: 34790691 PMCID: PMC8592062 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.769293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) such as arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) play an important role in the development of the infant immune system. The role of LCPUFA in the T helper type 2 (Th2) biased immune system is unknown. We aimed to understand the effect of feeding LCPUFA during suckling and post-weaning on immune system development in Th2 bias Brown Norway rat offspring. Methods: Brown Norway dams were randomly assigned to nutritionally adequate maternal diet throughout the suckling period (0–3 weeks), namely, control diet (0% ARA, 0% DHA; n= 8) or ARA + DHA (0.45% ARA, 0.8% DHA; n = 10). At 3 weeks, offspring from each maternal diet group were randomized to either a control (0% ARA, 0% DHA; n = 19) or ARA+DHA post-weaning (0.5% ARA, 0.5% DHA; n = 18) diet. At 8 weeks, offspring were killed, and tissues were collected for immune cell function and fatty acid composition analyses. Results: ARA + DHA maternal diet resulted in higher (p < 0.05) DHA composition in breast milk (4×) without changing ARA levels. This resulted in more mature adaptive immune cells in spleen [T regulatory (Treg) cells and B cells], mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN, lower CD45RA+), and Peyer's patches (PP; higher IgG+, B cells) in the ARA+DHA group offspring at 8 weeks. ARA+DHA post-weaning diet (3–8 weeks) resulted in 2 × higher DHA in splenocyte phospholipids compared to control. This also resulted in higher Th1 cytokines, ~50% higher TNF-α and IFNγ, by PMAi stimulated splenocytes ex vivo, with no differences in Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13, and IL-10) compared to controls. Conclusion: Feeding dams a diet higher in DHA during the suckling period resulted in adaptive immune cell maturation in offspring at 8 weeks. Providing ARA and DHA during the post-weaning period in a Th2 biased Brown Norway offspring model may support Th1 biased immune response development, which could be associated with a lower risk of developing atopic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruvesh Patel
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Marnie Newell
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Susan Goruk
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Caroline Richard
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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16
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Holm SR, Jenkins BJ, Cronin JG, Jones N, Thornton CA. A role for metabolism in determining neonatal immune function. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:1616-1628. [PMID: 34170575 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Immune responses of neonates differ markedly to those of adults, with skewed cytokine phenotypes, reduced inflammatory properties and drastically diminished memory function. Recent research efforts have started to unravel the role of cellular metabolism in determining immune cell fate and function. For studies in humans, much of the work on metabolic mechanisms underpinning innate and adaptive immune responses by different haematopoietic cell types is in adults. Studies investigating the contribution of metabolic adaptation in the unique setting of early life are just emerging, and much more work is needed to elucidate the contribution of metabolism to neonatal immune responses. Here, we discuss our current understanding of neonatal immune responses, examine some of the latest developments in neonatal immunometabolism and consider the possible role of altered metabolism to the distinctive immune phenotype of the neonate. Understanding the role of metabolism in regulating immune function at this critical stage in life has direct benefit for the child by affording opportunities to maximize immediate and long-term health. Additionally, gaining insight into the diversity of human immune function and naturally evolved immunometabolic strategies that modulate immune function could be harnessed for a wide range of opportunities including new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Holm
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Ben J Jenkins
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - James G Cronin
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Nicholas Jones
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Catherine A Thornton
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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17
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Santoro A, Bientinesi E, Monti D. Immunosenescence and inflammaging in the aging process: age-related diseases or longevity? Ageing Res Rev 2021; 71:101422. [PMID: 34391943 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During aging the immune system (IS) undergoes remarkable changes that collectively are known as immunosenescence. It is a multifactorial and dynamic phenomenon that affects both natural and acquired immunity and plays a critical role in most chronic diseases in older people. For a long time, immunosenescence has been considered detrimental because it may lead to a low-grade, sterile chronic inflammation we proposed to call "inflammaging" and a progressive reduction in the ability to trigger effective antibody and cellular responses against infections and vaccinations. Recently, many scientists revised this negative meaning because it can be considered an essential adaptation/remodeling resulting from the lifelong immunological biography of single individuals from an evolutionary perspective. Inflammaging can be considered an adaptive process because it can trigger an anti-inflammatory response to counteract the age-related pro-inflammatory environment. Centenarians represent a valuable model to study the beneficial changes occurring in the IS with age. These extraordinary individuals reached the extreme limits of human life by slowing down the aging process and, in most cases, delaying, avoiding or surviving the major age-associated diseases. They indeed show a complex and heterogeneous phenotype determined by an improved ability to adapt and remodel in response to harmful stimuli. This review aims to point out the intimate relationship between immunosenescence and inflammaging and how these processes impact unsuccessful aging rather than longevity. We also describe the gut microbiota age-related changes as one of the significant triggers of inflammaging and the sex/gender differences in the immune system of the elderly, contributing to the sex/gender disparity in terms of epidemiology, pathophysiology, symptoms and severity of age-related diseases. Finally, we discuss how these phenomena could influence the susceptibility to COVID-19 infection.
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18
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Dang D, Liu Y, Zhou Q, Li H, Wang Y, Wu H. Identification of a novel IRF8 homozygous mutation causing neutrophilia, monocytopenia and fatal infection in a female neonate. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 96:105121. [PMID: 34666172 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) result from mutations in genes involved in host immune defense and immune regulation. Herein, we report the identification of a novel IRF8 mutation in a neonate with an IEI. DNA samples from both the neonate and her parents were subjected to DNA sequencing, and the immune status of the patient was assessed. We identified a mutation (c.331C > T, p. Arg111*) in the interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) gene that manifested as sever dysfunctional neutrophilia (96.53 × 109/l) and monocytopenia (0.02 × 109/l). The patient's CD3+ T cell and CD8+ T cell counts were decreased. Her levels of IFN-γ were low even during severe infection. The mRNA expression levels of IRF8 were lower than normal. Her clinical manifestations included a recurrent and progressively fatal infection. Since IRF8 plays a key role in the differentiation and development of immune cells, we suspected that the novel mutation (c.331C > T, p. Arg111*) may be consistent with a severe loss of IRF8 function and result in a failure of immune cells to differentiate and maturation, and lead to a severe infection with early onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Dang
- Department of Neonatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neonatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Neonatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Research Institute of pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Neonatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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19
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Balzanelli MG, Distratis P, Dipalma G, Vimercati L, Catucci O, Amatulli F, Cefalo A, Lazzaro R, Palazzo D, Aityan SK, Pricolo G, Prudenzano A, D’Errico P, Laforgia R, Pezzolla A, Tomassone D, Inchingolo AD, Pham VH, Iacobone D, Materi GM, Scarano A, Lorusso F, Inchingolo F, Nguyen KCD, Isacco CG. Immunity Profiling of COVID-19 Infection, Dynamic Variations of Lymphocyte Subsets, a Comparative Analysis on Four Different Groups. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102036. [PMID: 34683357 PMCID: PMC8540733 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)-induced pneumonia (COVID-19) emerged in December 2019 in China, spreading worldwide. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the immunological response and the clinical subset of peripheral lymphocyte subset alteration in COVID-19 infection. Methods: the study was conducted on four different clinical groups (n = 4; total n = 138). Each individual was assigned to different groups based on specific criteria evaluated at the admission such as fever, dyspnea, arterial blood gas analysis (ABG), oral-nasopharyngeal swab/RT-PCR, and thoracic CT-scan. Treatment was performed only after blood samples were collected from each patient (PP and PP) at day 1. The blood samples were analyzed and tested the same day (CBC and Flowcytometry). The positive–positive group (PP n = 45; F = 18/ M = 27; median age = 62.33), comprised individuals affected by COVID-19 who showed fever, dyspnea (ABG = pO2 < 60), confirmed positive by oral-nasopharyngeal swab/RT-PCR and with CT-scan showing ground-glass opacities. The negative–positive (NP; n = 37; F = 11/M = 26; median age = 75.94) or “COVID-like” group comprised individuals with fever and dyspnea (ABG = pO2 < 60), who tested negative to nasopharyngeal swab/RT-PCR, with CT-scans showing ground-glass opacities in the lungs. The negative–affected group (NA; n = 40; F = 14/M = 26; median age = 58.5) included individuals negative to COVID-19 (RT-PCR) but affected by different chronic respiratory diseases (the CT-scans didn’t show ground-glass opacities). Finally, the negative–negative group (NN; n = 16; F = 14/M = 2) included healthy patients (NN; n = 16; median age = 42.62). Data and findings were collected and compared. Results: Lymphocytes (%) cells showed a decline in COVID-19 patients. The subsets showed a significant association with the inflammatory status in COVID-19, especially with regard to increased neutrophils, T-killer, T-active, T-suppressor, and T-CD8+CD38+ in individuals belong to the either COVID-19 and Covid-like NP group. Conclusions: Peripheral lymphocyte subset alteration was associated with the clinical characteristics and progression of COVID-19. The level of sub-set cells T-lymphocytes (either high or low) and B-lymphocytes could be used as an independent predictor for COVID-19 severity and treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Giosuè Balzanelli
- SET-118, Department of Pre-Hospital and Emergency, SG Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, 74100 Taranto, Italy; (M.G.B.); (P.D.); (O.C.); (F.A.); (A.C.); (R.L.); (D.P.)
| | - Pietro Distratis
- SET-118, Department of Pre-Hospital and Emergency, SG Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, 74100 Taranto, Italy; (M.G.B.); (P.D.); (O.C.); (F.A.); (A.C.); (R.L.); (D.P.)
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (L.V.); (F.I.); (K.C.D.N.)
| | - Luigi Vimercati
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (L.V.); (F.I.); (K.C.D.N.)
| | - Orazio Catucci
- SET-118, Department of Pre-Hospital and Emergency, SG Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, 74100 Taranto, Italy; (M.G.B.); (P.D.); (O.C.); (F.A.); (A.C.); (R.L.); (D.P.)
| | - Felice Amatulli
- SET-118, Department of Pre-Hospital and Emergency, SG Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, 74100 Taranto, Italy; (M.G.B.); (P.D.); (O.C.); (F.A.); (A.C.); (R.L.); (D.P.)
| | - Angelo Cefalo
- SET-118, Department of Pre-Hospital and Emergency, SG Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, 74100 Taranto, Italy; (M.G.B.); (P.D.); (O.C.); (F.A.); (A.C.); (R.L.); (D.P.)
| | - Rita Lazzaro
- SET-118, Department of Pre-Hospital and Emergency, SG Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, 74100 Taranto, Italy; (M.G.B.); (P.D.); (O.C.); (F.A.); (A.C.); (R.L.); (D.P.)
| | - Davide Palazzo
- SET-118, Department of Pre-Hospital and Emergency, SG Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, 74100 Taranto, Italy; (M.G.B.); (P.D.); (O.C.); (F.A.); (A.C.); (R.L.); (D.P.)
| | | | - Giancarla Pricolo
- Department of Hematology, SS. Annunziata, 74100 Taranto, Italy; (G.P.); (A.P.); (P.D.)
| | - Antonella Prudenzano
- Department of Hematology, SS. Annunziata, 74100 Taranto, Italy; (G.P.); (A.P.); (P.D.)
| | - Patrizia D’Errico
- Department of Hematology, SS. Annunziata, 74100 Taranto, Italy; (G.P.); (A.P.); (P.D.)
| | - Rita Laforgia
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Angela Pezzolla
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.L.); (A.P.)
| | | | - Alessio Danilo Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (L.V.); (F.I.); (K.C.D.N.)
- Correspondence: (A.D.I.); (F.L.); (C.G.I.)
| | - Van Hung Pham
- Department of Microbiology, “Phan Chau Trinh” University of Medicine and Nam-Khoa Biotek, Ho Chi Minh 50000, Vietnam;
| | - Donatello Iacobone
- SET-118, Department of Pre-Hospital and Emergency, BAT, 76121 Barletta, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Mancusi Materi
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Emergency, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Antonio Scarano
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Felice Lorusso
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.D.I.); (F.L.); (C.G.I.)
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (L.V.); (F.I.); (K.C.D.N.)
| | - Kieu Cao Diem Nguyen
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (L.V.); (F.I.); (K.C.D.N.)
- American Stem Cells Hospital, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Vietnam
| | - Ciro Gargiulo Isacco
- SET-118, Department of Pre-Hospital and Emergency, SG Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, 74100 Taranto, Italy; (M.G.B.); (P.D.); (O.C.); (F.A.); (A.C.); (R.L.); (D.P.)
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (L.V.); (F.I.); (K.C.D.N.)
- Department of Microbiology, “Phan Chau Trinh” University of Medicine and Nam-Khoa Biotek, Ho Chi Minh 50000, Vietnam;
- American Stem Cells Hospital, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (A.D.I.); (F.L.); (C.G.I.)
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20
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Gasmi A, Chirumbolo S, Peana M, Mujawdiya PK, Dadar M, Menzel A, Bjørklund G. Biomarkers of Senescence during Aging as Possible Warnings to Use Preventive Measures. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1471-1488. [PMID: 32942969 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999200917150652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human life expectancy is increasing significantly over time thanks to the improved possibility for people to take care of themselves and the higher availability of food, drugs, hygiene, services, and assistance. The increase in the average age of the population worldwide is, however, becoming a real concern, since aging is associated with the rapid increase in chronic inflammatory pathologies and degenerative diseases, very frequently dependent on senescent phenomena that occur alongside with senescence. Therefore, the search for reliable biomarkers that can diagnose the possible onset or predict the risk of developing a disease associated with aging is a crucial target of current medicine. In this review, we construct a synopsis of the main addressable biomarkers to study the development of aging and the associated ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Alain Menzel
- Laboratoires Réunis, Junglinster, Luxembourg, Norway
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
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21
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Bremm M, Krastel T, Cappel C, Zimmermann O, Pfeffermann LM, Katzki V, Bonig H, Schäfer R, Rettinger E, Merker M, Bremm S, Schaefer K, Klingebiel T, Soerensen J, Bader P, Huenecke S. Depletion of CD45RA + T cells: Advantages and disadvantages of different purification methods. J Immunol Methods 2021; 492:112960. [PMID: 33417916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.112960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, new advances were made regarding the depletion of CD45RA+ naïve T cells from haploidentical grafts as they are suspected to be the most alloreactive. METHODS Within this project we investigated CD45RA-depletion from G-CSF mobilized PBSC by two different purification strategies according to GMP, specifically direct depletion of CD45RA+ cells (one-step approach), or CD34-positive selection followed by CD45RA-depletion (two-step approach). RESULTS With log -3.9 and - 3.8 the depletion quality of CD45RA+ T cells was equally for both approaches together with a close to complete CD19+ B cell depletion. However, due to a high expression of CD45RA the majority of NK cells were lost within both CD45RA depletion strategies. Stem cell recovery after one-step CD45RA-depletion was at median 52.0% (range: 49.7-67.2%), which was comparable to previously published recovery data received from direct CD34 positive selection. Memory T cell recovery including CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cell subsets was statistically not differing between both purification approaches. The recovery of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was as well similar, but overall a higher amount of cytotoxic than T-helper cells were lost as indicated by an increase of the CD4/CD8 ratio. CONCLUSIONS CD45RA-depletion from G-CSF mobilized PBSC is feasible as one- and two-step approach and results in sufficient reduction of CD45RA+ T cells as well as B cells, but also to a co-depletion of NK cells. However, by gaining two independent cell products, the two-step approach enables the highest clinical flexibility in regard to individual graft composition with precise dosage of stem cells and T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Bremm
- Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Theresa Krastel
- Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Claudia Cappel
- Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Olga Zimmermann
- Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Lisa-Marie Pfeffermann
- Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Verena Katzki
- Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Halvard Bonig
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Richard Schäfer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Eva Rettinger
- Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Michael Merker
- Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bremm
- Data Analytics & Visualization, Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Kirsten Schaefer
- Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Klingebiel
- Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Jan Soerensen
- Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Peter Bader
- Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Sabine Huenecke
- Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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22
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Batista MA, Calvo-Fortes F, Silveira-Nunes G, Camatta GC, Speziali E, Turroni S, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA, Neretti N, Maioli TU, Santos RR, Brigidi P, Franceschi C, Faria AMC. Inflammaging in Endemic Areas for Infectious Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:579972. [PMID: 33262758 PMCID: PMC7688519 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.579972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence is marked by a systemic process named inflammaging along with a series of defects in the immunological activity that results in poor responses to infectious agents and to vaccination. Inflammaging, a state of low-grade chronic inflammation, usually leads to chronic inflammatory diseases and frailty in the elderly. However, some elderly escape from frailty and reach advanced age free of the consequences of inflammaging. This process has been called immunological remodeling, and it is the hallmark of healthy aging as described in the studies of centenarians in Italy. The biological markers of healthy aging are still a matter of debate, and the studies on the topic have focused on inflammatory versus remodeling processes and molecules. The sub-clinical inflammatory status associated with aging might be a deleterious event for populations living in countries where chronic infectious diseases are not prevalent. Nevertheless, in other parts of the world where they are, two possibilities may occur. Inflammatory responses may have a protective effect against these infectious agents. At the same time, the long-term consequences of protective immune responses during chronic infections may result in accelerated immunosenescence in these individuals. Therefore, the biological markers of healthy aging can vary according to environmental, cultural, and geographical settings that reflect worldwide, and in a non-biased, non-westernized perspective, the changes that we experience regarding our contacts with microorganisms and the outcomes of such contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Andrade Batista
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Calvo-Fortes
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Silveira-Nunes
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Caliman Camatta
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Elaine Speziali
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Nicola Neretti
- Departament of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Tatiani Uceli Maioli
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ribeiro Santos
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Center for Biophysics, Bioinformatics, Biocomplexity, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Laboratory of Systems Biology of Healthy Aging, Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ana Maria Caetano Faria
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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23
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Haynes L. Aging of the Immune System: Research Challenges to Enhance the Health Span of Older Adults. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2020; 1:602108. [PMID: 35822168 PMCID: PMC9261332 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2020.602108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Galloway JE, Holderbaum AM, Arya N, Zhang S, Bodnar MS, Norman R, Carson WE, Yu L, Kendra KL, Burd CE. Impact of age-related T cell dynamics on the identification of biomarkers predictive of immunotherapy discontinuation: a prospective cohort study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:58-70. [PMID: 34337428 DOI: 10.1002/aac2.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The impact of biologic aging on immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) toxicity and efficacy is underexplored in metastatic melanoma (MM). In peripheral blood T-lymphocytes (PBTLs), biologic aging is characterized by changes in T-cell composition and cellular senescence. Whether indicators of PBTL biologic aging vary in MM patients or can be used to predict premature ICI discontinuation (pID) is unknown. Methods We prospectively collected PBTLs from 117 cancer-free controls and 46 MM patients scheduled to begin pembrolizumab or nivolumab monotherapy. 74 mRNAs indicative of T-cell subsets, activation, co-stimuation/inhibition and cellular senescence were measured by Nanostring. Relationships between each mRNA and chronologic age were assessed in patients and controls. Candidate biomarkers were identified by calculating the hazard ratio (HR) for pID in patients divided into low and high groups based on log-transformed mRNA levels or the magnitude by which each mRNA measurement deviated from the control trend (Δage). Area under the curve (AUC) analyses explored the ability of each biomarker to discriminate between patients with and without pID at 6 months and 1 year. Results Fifteen mRNAs correlated with chronologic age in controls, including markers of T-cell subsets, differentiation, cytokine production and co-stimulation/inhibition. None of these mRNAs remained correlated with age in patients. Median follow-up was 94.8 (1.6-195.7) weeks and 35 of 46 patients discontinued therapy (23 progression, 7 toxicity, 5 comorbidity/patient preference). Elevated pre-therapy CD8A (HR 2.2[1.1-4.9]), CD45RB (HR 2.9[1.4-5.8]) and TNFRSF14 (HR 2.2[1.1-4.5]) levels predicted pID independent of Δage-correction. CD3ε, CD27 and FOXO1 predicted pID only after Δage-correction (HR 2.5[1.3-5.1]; 3.7[1.8-7.8]; 2.1[1.1-4.3]). AUC analysis identified Δage-CD3ε and -CD27 as candidate predictors of pID (AUC=0.73; 0.75). Conclusions Correlations between transcriptional markers of PBTL composition and chronologic age are disrupted in MM. Correcting for normal, age-related trends in biomarker expression unveils new biomarker candidates predictive of ICI outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason E Galloway
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Arts and Sciences, Columbus, OH 43210.,Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Andrea M Holderbaum
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Arts and Sciences, Columbus, OH 43210.,Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Namrata Arya
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Arts and Sciences, Columbus, OH 43210.,Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Suohui Zhang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Arts and Sciences, Columbus, OH 43210.,Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Michael S Bodnar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Arts and Sciences, Columbus, OH 43210.,Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Ruthann Norman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - William E Carson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Lianbo Yu
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Kari L Kendra
- Medical Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Christin E Burd
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Arts and Sciences, Columbus, OH 43210.,Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210
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25
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D'Angelo C, Goldeck D, Pawelec G, Gaspari L, Di Iorio A, Paganelli R. Exploratory study on immune phenotypes in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:1887-1894. [PMID: 32441872 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The differentiation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia from vascular dementia (VaD) and mixed-type dementia (mixed dementia) requires stepwise analysis and usually occurs late in the disease process. Early diagnosis and therapy monitoring would benefit greatly from the identification of biomarkers of neurodegeneration, especially blood biomarkers. To this end, the aim of the present pilot study was to investigate differences in the distribution of peripheral T-cell populations in patients with AD compared to VaD and mixed dementia. METHODS Flow cytometry was performed on blood samples from 11 patients with AD, six with VaD and six with mixed dementia, as well as 17 healthy control subjects (HCs). CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were typed for expression of CD45, CD27, CD28, CD25, FoxP3, CCR4 and CCR6; the other leukocytes were also assessed. Functionally, immune cell uptake of the β-amyloid (Aβ) toxic fragment (Aβ1-42 ) was also evaluated. RESULTS A higher proportion of CD4+CD28- memory T cells and a reciprocal reduction of CD4+CD28+CD27+ naïve T lymphocytes was detected in all patient groups relative to controls. Significantly fewer CD4+CD25+FoxP3 regulatory T cells were present in patients with VaD, and significantly more CCR6+ and CCR4+ CD4+ T cells in those with AD. Higher CCR6+ T-cell frequencies were also present in patients with mixed dementia, potentially due to the inflammation and immune cell chemoattraction triggered by Aβ. CONCLUSIONS The present study was a comprehensive investigation comparing different kinds of dementia, revealing differentially expressed peripheral markers that are potentially useful for early AD, VaD and mixed dementia diagnoses, and that would assist in proper treatments for these disparate diseases. Validation is now required.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D'Angelo
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, University 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - D Goldeck
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - G Pawelec
- Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cancer Solutions Program, Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - L Gaspari
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, University 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - A Di Iorio
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, University 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - R Paganelli
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, University 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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26
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De Biasi S, Meschiari M, Gibellini L, Bellinazzi C, Borella R, Fidanza L, Gozzi L, Iannone A, Lo Tartaro D, Mattioli M, Paolini A, Menozzi M, Milić J, Franceschi G, Fantini R, Tonelli R, Sita M, Sarti M, Trenti T, Brugioni L, Cicchetti L, Facchinetti F, Pietrangelo A, Clini E, Girardis M, Guaraldi G, Mussini C, Cossarizza A. Marked T cell activation, senescence, exhaustion and skewing towards TH17 in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3434. [PMID: 32632085 PMCID: PMC7338513 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 540] [Impact Index Per Article: 135.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 is severely impaired. Detailed investigation of T cells and cytokine production in patients affected by COVID-19 pneumonia are urgently required. Here we show that, compared with healthy controls, COVID-19 patients' T cell compartment displays several alterations involving naïve, central memory, effector memory and terminally differentiated cells, as well as regulatory T cells and PD1+CD57+ exhausted T cells. Significant alterations exist also in several lineage-specifying transcription factors and chemokine receptors. Terminally differentiated T cells from patients proliferate less than those from healthy controls, whereas their mitochondria functionality is similar in CD4+ T cells from both groups. Patients display significant increases of proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines, including T helper type-1 and type-2 cytokines, chemokines and galectins; their lymphocytes produce more tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-17, with the last observation implying that blocking IL-17 could provide a novel therapeutic strategy for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara De Biasi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Marianna Meschiari
- Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Lara Gibellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Caterina Bellinazzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Rebecca Borella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Lucia Fidanza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Licia Gozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Anna Iannone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Domenico Lo Tartaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Mattioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Annamaria Paolini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Marianna Menozzi
- Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Jovana Milić
- Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Giacomo Franceschi
- Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Riccardo Fantini
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto Tonelli
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Sita
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Mario Sarti
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, AOU Policlinico, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, AOU Policlinico, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Lucio Brugioni
- Emergency Department, MIAC, AOU Policlinico, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Facchinetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonello Pietrangelo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Enrico Clini
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Girardis
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Guaraldi
- Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Cristina Mussini
- Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy.
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research, via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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27
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Helgeland H, Gabrielsen I, Akselsen H, Sundaram AYM, Flåm ST, Lie BA. Transcriptome profiling of human thymic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells compared to primary peripheral T cells. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:350. [PMID: 32393182 PMCID: PMC7216358 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The thymus is a highly specialized organ of the immune system where T cell precursors develop and differentiate into self-tolerant CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. No studies to date have investigated how the human transcriptome profiles differ, between T cells still residing in the thymus and T cells in the periphery. Results We have performed high-throughput RNA sequencing to characterize the transcriptomes of primary single positive (SP) CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from infant thymic tissue, as well as primary CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from infant and adult peripheral blood, to enable the comparisons across tissues and ages. In addition, we have assessed the expression of candidate genes related to autoimmune diseases in thymic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The thymic T cells showed the largest number of uniquely expressed genes, suggesting a more diverse transcription in thymic T cells. Comparing T cells of thymic and blood origin, revealed more differentially expressed genes, than between infant and adult blood. Functional enrichment analysis revealed an over-representation of genes involved in cell cycle and replication in thymic T cells, whereas infant blood T cells were dominated by immune related terms. Comparing adult and infant blood T cells, the former was enriched for inflammatory response, cytokine production and biological adhesion, while upregulated genes in infant blood T cells were associated with cell cycle, cell death and gene expression. Conclusion This study provides valuable insight into the transcriptomes of the human primary SP T cells still residing within the thymus, and offers a unique comparison to primary blood derived T cells. Interestingly, the majority of autoimmune disease associated genes were expressed in one or more T cell subset, however ~ 11% of these were not expressed in frequently studied adult peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Helgeland
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0450, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Radiation Biology, Oslo University Hospital, 0379, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ingvild Gabrielsen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle Akselsen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arvind Y M Sundaram
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siri Tennebø Flåm
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benedicte Alexandra Lie
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0450, Oslo, Norway.
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28
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De Simone G, Mazza EMC, Cassotta A, Davydov AN, Kuka M, Zanon V, De Paoli F, Scamardella E, Metsger M, Roberto A, Pilipow K, Colombo FS, Tenedini E, Tagliafico E, Gattinoni L, Mavilio D, Peano C, Price DA, Singh SP, Farber JM, Serra V, Cucca F, Ferrari F, Orrù V, Fiorillo E, Iannacone M, Chudakov DM, Sallusto F, Lugli E. CXCR3 Identifies Human Naive CD8 + T Cells with Enhanced Effector Differentiation Potential. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 203:3179-3189. [PMID: 31740485 PMCID: PMC6900484 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In mice, the ability of naive T (TN) cells to mount an effector response correlates with TCR sensitivity for self-derived Ags, which can be quantified indirectly by measuring surface expression levels of CD5. Equivalent findings have not been reported previously in humans. We identified two discrete subsets of human CD8+ TN cells, defined by the absence or presence of the chemokine receptor CXCR3. The more abundant CXCR3+ TN cell subset displayed an effector-like transcriptional profile and expressed TCRs with physicochemical characteristics indicative of enhanced interactions with peptide-HLA class I Ags. Moreover, CXCR3+ TN cells frequently produced IL-2 and TNF in response to nonspecific activation directly ex vivo and differentiated readily into Ag-specific effector cells in vitro. Comparative analyses further revealed that human CXCR3+ TN cells were transcriptionally equivalent to murine CXCR3+ TN cells, which expressed high levels of CD5. These findings provide support for the notion that effector differentiation is shaped by heterogeneity in the preimmune repertoire of human CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele De Simone
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilia M C Mazza
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Cassotta
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexey N Davydov
- Central European Institute of Technology, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mirela Kuka
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases and Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Zanon
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica De Paoli
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eloise Scamardella
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Metsger
- Central European Institute of Technology, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alessandra Roberto
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Karolina Pilipow
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico S Colombo
- Humanitas Flow Cytometry Core, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Tenedini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Enrico Tagliafico
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Gattinoni
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, University Regensburg and University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Clelia Peano
- Division of Genetic and Biomedical Research, UoS Milan, National Research Council, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Genomic Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Satya P Singh
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Joshua M Farber
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | | | | | - Valeria Orrù
- IRGB, National Research Council, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases and Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Dmitriy M Chudakov
- Central European Institute of Technology, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; and
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Federica Sallusto
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy;
- Humanitas Flow Cytometry Core, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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29
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Bektas A, Schurman SH, Gonzalez-Freire M, Dunn CA, Singh AK, Macian F, Cuervo AM, Sen R, Ferrucci L. Age-associated changes in human CD4 + T cells point to mitochondrial dysfunction consequent to impaired autophagy. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:9234-9263. [PMID: 31707363 PMCID: PMC6874450 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To gain understanding on the mechanisms that drive immunosenescence in humans, we examined CD4+ T cells obtained from younger (20-39 years-old) and older (70+ years-old) healthy participants of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging (BLSA). We found that mitochondrial proteins involved in the electron transport chain were overrepresented in cells from older participants, with prevalent dysregulation of oxidative phosphorylation and energy metabolism molecular pathways. Surprisingly, gene transcripts coding for mitochondrial proteins pertaining to oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport chain pathways were underrepresented in older individuals. Paralleling the observed decrease in gene expression, mitochondrial respiration was impaired in CD4+ T cells from older subjects. Though mitochondrial number in both naïve and memory cells visualized with electron microcopy was similar in older versus younger participants, there were a significantly higher number of autophagosomes, many of them containing undegraded mitochondria, in older individuals. The presence of mitochondria inside the accumulated autophagic compartments in CD4+ T cells from older individuals was confirmed by immunofluorescence. These findings suggest that older age is associated with persistence of dysfunctional mitochondria in CD4+ T lymphocytes caused by defective mitochondrial turnover by autophagy, which may trigger chronic inflammation and contribute to the impairment of immune defense in older persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsun Bektas
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Shepherd H. Schurman
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Marta Gonzalez-Freire
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Christopher A. Dunn
- Flow Cytometry Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Amit K. Singh
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Fernando Macian
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ranjan Sen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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30
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Petsiou A, Paschou SA, Vartholomatos G, Chatzigianni K, Kolaitis N, Giotaki E, Bondinas GP, Moustakas AK, Karamoutsios A, Zervou E, Tigas S, Tsatsoulis A, Papadopoulos GK. A modified flow cytometry method for objective estimation of human CD4 + regulatory T cells (CD4 + Tregs) in peripheral blood, via CD4/CD25/CD45RO/FoxP3 labeling. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2019; 98:259-269. [PMID: 31571372 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several methods exist for flow-cytometric estimation of human peripheral blood CD4+ T regulatory cells (CD4+ Tregs). METHODS We report our experience with the estimation of human CD4+ Tregs via three different characterizations using flow cytometry (CD25high FoxP3+ , CD25high CD127low/- FoxP3+ , and CD4+ CD25high/int CD45ROFoxP3+ ) in normal subjects. We have used these methods on the control populations from two studies (32 and 36 subjects, respectively), the latter two methods retrospectively on the subjects of the first study. The six CD4+ T cell fractions obtained by the third method were differentially colored to ascertain the distribution of these cell fractions in the CD25/FoxP3, CD45RO/FoxP3, and CD25/CD127 dot plots from CD4/CD25/CD45RO/FoxP3 and CD4/CD25/CD45RO/CD127 panels. RESULTS Each approach gives significantly different estimates of Tregs (expressed as percentage of CD4+ T cells), with the second almost invariably yielding higher percentages than the other two. Only the third approach can distinguish among effector and naïve Tregs and FoxP3+ non-Tregs. Analysis of CD25/CD127 dot plots reveals that Treg delineation via the widely used definition of CD4+ CD25high CD127low/- cells unavoidably yields a mixture of nearly all effector and most of naïve Tregs, as well as FoxP3+ non-Tregs plus other cells. Delineation of effector/naïve Tregs and FoxP3+ non-Tregs is possible via CD45RO/CD25 dot plots but not by CD45RO/FoxP3 counterparts (as done previously) because of overlapping FoxP3 intensities among Tregs and non-Tregs. CONCLUSION Our comparison shows that CD4/CD25/CD45RO/FoxP3 panels are an objective means of estimating effector and naïve Tregs via colored dot plots, aiding thus in Treg delineation in health and detecting aberrations in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asimina Petsiou
- Unit of Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Hematology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Stavroula A Paschou
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Georgios Vartholomatos
- Unit of Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Hematology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Katerina Chatzigianni
- Unit of Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Hematology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kolaitis
- Laboratory of Hematology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eleni Giotaki
- Department of Nursing, Technological Educational Institute of Epirus, Ioannina, Greece
| | - George P Bondinas
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Biochemistry, Bioprocessing and Bioproducts, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Epirus, Arta, Greece
| | - Antonis K Moustakas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Ionian Islands, Argostoli, Greece
| | - Achilleas Karamoutsios
- Laboratory of Animal Health-Food Hygiene and Quality, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Epirus, Arta, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Zervou
- Department of Bloodbank, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Stelios Tigas
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Agathocles Tsatsoulis
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - George K Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Biochemistry, Bioprocessing and Bioproducts, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Epirus, Arta, Greece
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31
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Age-specific changes in the molecular phenotype of patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:144-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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32
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Chu ND, Bi HS, Emerson RO, Sherwood AM, Birnbaum ME, Robins HS, Alm EJ. Longitudinal immunosequencing in healthy people reveals persistent T cell receptors rich in highly public receptors. BMC Immunol 2019; 20:19. [PMID: 31226930 PMCID: PMC6588944 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-019-0300-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The adaptive immune system maintains a diversity of T cells capable of recognizing a broad array of antigens. Each T cell’s specificity for antigens is determined by its T cell receptors (TCRs), which together across all T cells form a repertoire of millions of unique receptors in each individual. Although many studies have examined how TCR repertoires change in response to disease or drugs, few have explored the temporal dynamics of the TCR repertoire in healthy individuals. Results Here we report immunosequencing of TCR β chains (TCRβ) from the blood of three healthy individuals at eight time points over one year. TCRβ repertoires of all peripheral-blood T cells and sorted memory T cells clustered clearly by individual, systematically demonstrating that TCRβ repertoires are specific to individuals across time. This individuality was absent from TCRβs from naive T cells, suggesting that the differences resulted from an individual’s antigen exposure history, not genetic background. Many characteristics of the TCRβ repertoire (e.g., diversity, clonality) were stable across time, although we found evidence of T cell expansion dynamics even within healthy individuals. We further identified a subset of “persistent” TCRβs present across all time points. These receptors were rich in clonal and highly public receptors and may play a key role in immune system maintenance. Conclusions Our results highlight the importance of longitudinal sampling of the immune system, providing a much-needed baseline for TCRβ dynamics in healthy individuals. Such a baseline will improve interpretation of changes in the TCRβ repertoire during disease or treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12865-019-0300-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel D Chu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Microbiology Graduate Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Haixin Sarah Bi
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Computational and Systems Biology Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Michael E Birnbaum
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Harlan S Robins
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eric J Alm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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Xie J, Chen CW, Sun Y, Laurie SJ, Zhang W, Otani S, Martin GS, Coopersmith CM, Ford ML. Increased attrition of memory T cells during sepsis requires 2B4. JCI Insight 2019; 4:126030. [PMID: 31045575 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent seminal studies have revealed that laboratory mice differ from adult humans with regard to the frequency, number, and distribution of memory T cells. Because our data show that memory T cells are more susceptible to sepsis-induced death than naive T cells, in this study we developed a model in which mice possess a memory T cell compartment more similar to that of adult humans, to better study immune responses during sepsis in the more physiologically relevant context of high frequencies of memory T cells. Using this model, we found that CD44hi memory T cells significantly upregulated the coinhibitory molecule 2B4 during sepsis, and 2B4+ memory T cells coexpressed markers of both activation and exhaustion. Genetic deficiency in 2B4 resulted in decreased mortality during sepsis. Mechanistically, this decreased mortality was associated with reduced caspase-3/7+ apoptotic T cells in 2B4-/- relative to WT, septic hosts. These results were corroborated by analysis of PBMCs isolated from human patients with sepsis, which showed increased frequencies of caspase-3/7+ apoptotic cells among 2B4+ relative to 2B4- T cells. Thus, 2B4 plays a critical role in sepsis-induced apoptosis in both murine memory T cells and those isolated from human patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gregory S Martin
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Craig M Coopersmith
- Department of Surgery, and.,Emory Critical Care Center, Department of Surgery, and
| | - Mandy L Ford
- Department of Surgery, and.,Emory Transplant Center, Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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34
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Wu J, Gong RL, Hu QF, Chen XT, Zhao W, Chen TX. Immunoregulatory effect of human β-defensin 1 on neonatal cord blood monocyte-derived dendritic cells and T cells. Mol Immunol 2019; 109:99-107. [PMID: 30921683 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between breastfeeding and infant health has been well elucidated in past decades. Our previous study has shown that human β-defensin 1 (hBD-1) in human breast milk plays a protective role in reducing the incidence of upper respiratory infection in infants younger than 6 months. In the present study, we aim to reveal the mechanism underlying the protective role of hBD-1 by focusing on its immunoregulatory function in neonates. Cord blood (CB) from newborns' umbilical cords, which can simulate many of the neonatal symptoms, was used to study the immunomodulatory role of hBD-1 in neonates in vitro. Our results showed that hBD-1 promotes the GM-CSF- and IL-4-driven differentiation of neonatal umbilical CB monocytes to immature dendritic cells (DCs) and the final maturation of CB monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) induced by LPS but not inflammatory cytokine production. In addition, hBD-1 inhibits apoptosis in neonatal moDCs through CCR6, which might be a possible mechanism of the hBD-1-induced phenotypes in moDCs. Furthermore, we found that hBD-1 promotes the proliferation and activation, but not the maturation, of neonatal CB CD4 + T cells. These results extend the immunoregulatory effects of hBD-1 and provide a potential mechanism for the protective role of hBD-1 in early infants, which will inform the development of infant nutrition, novel vaccines and anti-infective strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Ruo-Lan Gong
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qing-Feng Hu
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xu-Ting Chen
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Tong-Xin Chen
- Department of Rheumatology/Immunology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Division of Immunology, Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.
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35
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Xie J, Crepeau RL, Chen CW, Zhang W, Otani S, Coopersmith CM, Ford ML. Sepsis erodes CD8 + memory T cell-protective immunity against an EBV homolog in a 2B4-dependent manner. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:565-575. [PMID: 30624806 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4a0718-292r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation commonly occurs following sepsis, but the mechanisms underlying this are unknown. We utilized a murine EBV homolog (gHV) and the cecal ligation and puncture model of polymicrobial sepsis to study the impact of sepsis on gHV reactivation and CD8+ T cell immune surveillance following a septic insult. We observed a significant increase in the frequency of gHV-infected germinal center B cells on day 7 following sepsis. This increase in viral load was associated with a concomitant significant decrease in the frequencies of gHV-specific CD8+ T cells, as measured by class I MHC tetramers corresponding to the immunodominant viral epitopes. Phenotypic analysis revealed an increased frequency of gHV-specific CD8+ T cells expressing the 2B4 coinhibitory receptor in septic animals compared with sham controls. We sought to interrogate the role of 2B4 in modulating the gHV-specific CD8+ T cell response during sepsis. Results indicated that in the absence of 2B4, gHV-specific CD8+ T cell populations were maintained during sepsis, and gHV viral load was unchanged in 2B4-/- septic animals relative to 2B4-/- sham controls. WT CD8+ T cells upregulated PD-1 during sepsis, whereas 2B4-/- CD8+ T cells did not. Finally, adoptive transfer studies revealed a T cell-intrinsic effect of 2B4 coinhibition on virus-specific CD8+ T cells and gHV viral load during sepsis. These data demonstrate that sepsis-induced immune dysregulation erodes antigen-specific CD8+ responses against a latent viral infection and suggest that blockade of 2B4 may better maintain protective immunity against EBV in the context of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Xie
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rebecca L Crepeau
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ching-Wen Chen
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Wenxiao Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shunsuke Otani
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Craig M Coopersmith
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mandy L Ford
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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36
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Immunosenescence and Respiratory Infections Among Nursing Home Residents. HANDBOOK OF IMMUNOSENESCENCE 2019. [PMCID: PMC7121141 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-99375-1_130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Residents of nursing homes are at high risk of infectious complications due to respiratory infection. The nursing home setting places residents at high risk given the frequent contact among residents and by staff along with the possibility for continuous introduction of respiratory viruses from the community. Nursing home residents are among the most frail members of society. They have multiple comorbidities that can increase their risk of infection. Immunosenescence plays an important role in not only rendering these seniors susceptible in infection, particularly viral respiratory infection, but also interferes with protection. That is, the ability to mount a robust immune response to influenza and pneumococcal vaccine increase the risk. There have been a number of T cell deficits described in this population. CD4+ T cells, in particular T-regs and CMV-reactive CD4+ T cells, have been shown to be predictive of respiratory viral infection in this population. Although evidence exists that T cell subsets may correlate better with response to vaccine and protection, antibody responses to influenza vaccine remains an important correlate in this population. Large-scale epidemiologic studies are needed to establish better correlation between biomarkers for protection and respiratory and other pathogens that circulate in nursing homes.
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Rathore DK, Holmes TH, Nadeau KC, Mittal P, Batra A, Rosenberg-Hasson Y, Sopory S, Gupta R, Chellani HK, Aggarwal KC, Bal V, Natchu UCM, Bhatnagar S, Tavassoli M, Lyell DJ, Rath S, Wadhwa N, Maecker HT. Differences in multiple immune parameters between Indian and U.S. infants. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207297. [PMID: 30444901 PMCID: PMC6239317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To compare immune phenotypes across two geographic and ethnic communities, we examined umbilical cord blood by flow cytometry and Luminex in parallel cohorts of 53 newborns from New Delhi, India, and 46 newborns from Stanford, California. We found that frequencies of a B cell subset suggested to be B-1-like, and serum IgM concentration were both significantly higher in the Stanford cohort, independent of differences in maternal age. While serum IgA levels were also significantly higher in the Stanford cohort, IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 were significantly higher in the New Delhi samples. We found that neutrophils, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, CD8+ T cells, and total T cells were higher in the U.S. cohort, while dendritic cells, patrolling monocytes (CD14dimCD16+), natural killer cells, CD4+ T cells, and naïve B cells were higher in the India cohort. Within the India cohort, we also identified cell types whose frequency was positively or negatively predictive of occurrence of infection(s) in the first six months of life. Monocytes, total T cells, and memory CD4+ T cells were most prominent in having an inverse relationship with infection. We suggest that these data provide impetus for follow-up studies linking phenotypic differences to environmental versus genetic factors, and to infection outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak K. Rathore
- Pediatric Biology Center, Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Tyson H. Holmes
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States of America
| | - Kari C. Nadeau
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States of America
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University
| | - Pratima Mittal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Achla Batra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Yael Rosenberg-Hasson
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States of America
| | - Shailaja Sopory
- Pediatric Biology Center, Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Rohit Gupta
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States of America
| | - Harish K. Chellani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Kailash C. Aggarwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Vineeta Bal
- Pediatric Biology Center, Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Uma Chandra Mouli Natchu
- Pediatric Biology Center, Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Shinjini Bhatnagar
- Pediatric Biology Center, Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Morvarid Tavassoli
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University
| | - Deirdre J. Lyell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States of America
| | - Satyajit Rath
- Pediatric Biology Center, Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Nitya Wadhwa
- Pediatric Biology Center, Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Holden T. Maecker
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Franceschi C, Ostan R, Santoro A. Nutrition and Inflammation: Are Centenarians Similar to Individuals on Calorie-Restricted Diets? Annu Rev Nutr 2018; 38:329-356. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-082117-051637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Individuals capable of reaching the extreme limit of human life such as centenarians are characterized by an exceptionally healthy phenotype—that is, a low number of diseases, low blood pressure, optimal metabolic and endocrine parameters, and increased diversity in the gut microbiota—and they are epigenetically younger than their chronological age. We present data suggesting that such a remarkable phenotype is largely similar to that found in adults following a calorie-restricted diet. Interviews with centenarians and historical data on the nutritional and lifestyle habits of Italians during the twentieth century suggest that as children and into adulthood, centenarians lived in an environment that was nonobesogenic, but at the same time the environment did not produce malnutrition. Centenarians appear to be creatures of habit, and we argue that their habit of eating meals at the same time each day favored the maintenance of circadian rhythms, including their sleep cycle. Finally, we argue that centenarians’ chronic inflammatory status, which we dubbed inflammaging, is peculiar, likely adaptive, and less detrimental than in younger people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Franceschi
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Ostan
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) and Interdepartmental Centre “L. Galvani” (CIG), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;,
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) and Interdepartmental Centre “L. Galvani” (CIG), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;,
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Intrinsic and extrinsic contributors to defective CD8+ T cell responses with aging. Exp Gerontol 2018; 105:140-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Brummelman J, Pilipow K, Lugli E. The Single-Cell Phenotypic Identity of Human CD8+ and CD4+ T Cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 341:63-124. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ventura MT, Casciaro M, Gangemi S, Buquicchio R. Immunosenescence in aging: between immune cells depletion and cytokines up-regulation. Clin Mol Allergy 2017; 15:21. [PMID: 29259496 PMCID: PMC5731094 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-017-0077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The immunosenescence is a relatively recent chapter, correlated with the linear extension of the average life began in the nineteenth century and still in progress. The most important feature of immunosenescence is the accumulation in the “immunological space” of memory and effector cells as a result of the stimulation caused by repeated clinical and subclinical infections and by continuous exposure to antigens (inhalant allergens, food, etc.). This state of chronic inflammation that characterizes senescence has a significant impact on survival and fragility. In fact, the condition of frail elderly occurs less frequently in situations characterized by poor contact with viral infections and parasitic diseases. Furthermore the immunosenescence is characterized by a particular “remodelling” of the immune system, induced by oxidative stress. Apoptosis plays a central role in old age, a period in which the ability of apoptosis can change. The remodelling of apoptosis, together with the Inflammaging and the up-regulation of the immune response with the consequent secretion of pro-inflammatory lymphokines represents the major determinant of the rate of aging and longevity, as well as of the most common diseases related with age and with tumors. Other changes occur in the innate immunity, the first line of defence providing rapid, but unspecific and incomplete protection, consisting mostly of monocytes, natural killer cells and dendritic cells, acting up to the establishment of a adaptive immune response, which is slower, but highly specific, which cellular substrate consists of T and B lymphocytes. The markers of “Inflammaging” in adaptive immunity in centenarians are characterized by a decrease in T cells “naive.” The reduction of CD8 virgins may be related to the risk of morbidity and death, as well as the combination of the increase of CD8+ cells and reduction of CD4+ T cells and the reduction of CD19+ B cells. The immune function of the elderly is weakened to due to the exhaustion of T cell-virgin (CD95−), which are replaced with the clonal expansion of CD28-T cells. Conclusions The increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines is associated with dementia, Parkinson’s disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes type 2, sarcopenia and a high risk of morbidity and mortality. A correct modulation of immune responses and apoptotic phenomena can be useful to reduce age-related degenerative diseases, as well as inflammatory and neoplastic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Ventura
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari, Policlinico, Piazza G. Cesare no 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Casciaro
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Buquicchio
- Dermatological Clinic, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Policlinico, Italy
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Khan S, Telwatte S, Trapecar M, Yukl S, Sanjabi S. Differentiating Immune Cell Targets in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue for HIV Cure. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2017; 33:S40-S58. [PMID: 28882067 PMCID: PMC5685216 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2017.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The single greatest challenge to an HIV cure is the persistence of latently infected cells containing inducible, replication-competent proviral genomes, which constitute only a small fraction of total or infected cells in the body. Although resting CD4+ T cells in the blood are a well-known source of viral rebound, more than 90% of the body's lymphocytes reside elsewhere. Many are in gut tissue, where HIV DNA levels per million CD4+ T cells are considerably higher than in the blood. Despite the significant contribution of gut tissue to viral replication and persistence, little is known about the cell types that support persistence of HIV in the gut; importantly, T cells in the gut have phenotypic, functional, and survival properties that are distinct from T cells in other tissues. The mechanisms by which latency is established and maintained will likely depend on the location and cytokine milieu surrounding the latently infected cells in each compartment. Therefore, successful HIV cure strategies require identification and characterization of the exact cell types that support viral persistence, particularly in the gut. In this review, we describe the seeding of the latent HIV reservoir in the gut mucosa; highlight the evidence for compartmentalization and depletion of T cells; summarize the immunologic consequences of HIV infection within the gut milieu; propose how the damaged gut environment may promote the latent HIV reservoir; and explore several immune cell targets in the gut and their place on the path toward HIV cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzada Khan
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California
| | - Sushama Telwatte
- San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| | - Martin Trapecar
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California
| | - Steven Yukl
- San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| | - Shomyseh Sanjabi
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is an increasingly successful strategy for the treatment of patients who have advanced or conventional therapy-resistant cancers. T cells are key mediators of tumor destruction and their specificity for tumor-expressed antigens is of paramount importance, but other T cell-intrinsic qualities, such as durability, longevity, and functionality also play important roles in determining the efficacy of immunotherapy. The cellular energetic pathways that are utilized by T cells play a key role in regulating each of these qualities. Metabolic activity, which both regulates and is regulated by cellular signaling pathways and epigenetics, also profoundly influences the trajectories of T cell differentiation and fate. In this Review, we discuss how cell metabolism influences T cell anti-tumor activity, the metabolic qualities of highly-functional T cells, and strategies to modulate metabolism for improving the immune response to tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rigel J Kishton
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Madhusudhanan Sukumar
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicholas P Restifo
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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44
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Abstract
Globally, as a leading agent of acute respiratory tract infections in children <5 years of age and the elderly, the human metapneumovirus (HMPV) has gained considerable attention. As inferred from studies comparing vaccinated and experimentally infected mice, the acquired immune response elicited by this pathogen fails to efficiently clear the virus from the airways, which leads to an exaggerated inflammatory response and lung damage. Furthermore, after disease resolution, there is a poor development of T and B cell immunological memory, which is believed to promote reinfections and viral spread in the community. In this article, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that shape the interactions of HMPV with host tissues that lead to pulmonary pathology and to the development of adaptive immunity that fails to protect against natural infections by this virus.
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Lutsik P, Slawski M, Gasparoni G, Vedeneev N, Hein M, Walter J. MeDeCom: discovery and quantification of latent components of heterogeneous methylomes. Genome Biol 2017. [PMID: 28340624 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1182-6.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important for large-scale epigenomic studies to determine and explore the nature of hidden confounding variation, most importantly cell composition. We developed MeDeCom as a novel reference-free computational framework that allows the decomposition of complex DNA methylomes into latent methylation components and their proportions in each sample. MeDeCom is based on constrained non-negative matrix factorization with a new biologically motivated regularization function. It accurately recovers cell-type-specific latent methylation components and their proportions. MeDeCom is a new unsupervised tool for the exploratory study of the major sources of methylation variation, which should lead to a deeper understanding and better biological interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Lutsik
- Department of EpiGenetics, Saarland University, Campus A2.4, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany.,Present address: Division of Cancer Epigenetics, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimerfeld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Martin Slawski
- Machine Learning Group, Saarland University, Campus E1.1, Saarbrücken66123, Germany.,Department of Statistics and Biostatistics, Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, 110 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, 08854, NJ, USA.,Present address: Department of Statistics, Volgenau School of Engineering, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 4A7 Fairfax, Fairfax, VA 22030-4444, USA
| | - Gilles Gasparoni
- Department of EpiGenetics, Saarland University, Campus A2.4, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
| | - Nikita Vedeneev
- Machine Learning Group, Saarland University, Campus E1.1, Saarbrücken66123, Germany
| | - Matthias Hein
- Machine Learning Group, Saarland University, Campus E1.1, Saarbrücken66123, Germany.
| | - Jörn Walter
- Department of EpiGenetics, Saarland University, Campus A2.4, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany.
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Lutsik P, Slawski M, Gasparoni G, Vedeneev N, Hein M, Walter J. MeDeCom: discovery and quantification of latent components of heterogeneous methylomes. Genome Biol 2017; 18:55. [PMID: 28340624 PMCID: PMC5366155 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is important for large-scale epigenomic studies to determine and explore the nature of hidden confounding variation, most importantly cell composition. We developed MeDeCom as a novel reference-free computational framework that allows the decomposition of complex DNA methylomes into latent methylation components and their proportions in each sample. MeDeCom is based on constrained non-negative matrix factorization with a new biologically motivated regularization function. It accurately recovers cell-type-specific latent methylation components and their proportions. MeDeCom is a new unsupervised tool for the exploratory study of the major sources of methylation variation, which should lead to a deeper understanding and better biological interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Lutsik
- Department of EpiGenetics, Saarland University, Campus A2.4, Saarbrücken, 66123 Germany
- Present address: Division of Cancer Epigenetics, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimerfeld 280, Heidelberg, 69120 Germany
| | - Martin Slawski
- Machine Learning Group, Saarland University, Campus E1.1, Saarbrücken66123, Germany
- Department of Statistics and Biostatistics, Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, 110 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, 08854 NJ USA
- Present address: Department of Statistics, Volgenau School of Engineering, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 4A7 Fairfax, Fairfax, VA 22030-4444 USA
| | - Gilles Gasparoni
- Department of EpiGenetics, Saarland University, Campus A2.4, Saarbrücken, 66123 Germany
| | - Nikita Vedeneev
- Machine Learning Group, Saarland University, Campus E1.1, Saarbrücken66123, Germany
| | - Matthias Hein
- Machine Learning Group, Saarland University, Campus E1.1, Saarbrücken66123, Germany
| | - Jörn Walter
- Department of EpiGenetics, Saarland University, Campus A2.4, Saarbrücken, 66123 Germany
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Ventura MT, Scichilone N, Paganelli R, Minciullo PL, Patella V, Bonini M, Passalacqua G, Lombardi C, Simioni L, Ridolo E, Del Giacco SR, Gangemi S, Canonica GW. Allergic diseases in the elderly: biological characteristics and main immunological and non-immunological mechanisms. Clin Mol Allergy 2017; 15:2. [PMID: 28174512 PMCID: PMC5290673 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-017-0059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy and the number of elderly people are progressively increasing around the world. Together with other pathologies, allergic diseases also show an increasing incidence in geriatric age. This is partly due to the growing emphasis on a more accurate and careful diagnosis of the molecular mechanisms that do not allow to ignore the real pathogenesis of many symptoms until now unknown, and partly to the fact that the allergic people from 20 years ago represent the elderly population now. Moreover, environmental pollution predisposes to the onset of allergic asthma and dermatitis which are the result of internal pathologies more than the expression of allergic manifestations. At the same time the food contamination permits the onset of allergic diseases related to food allergy. In this review we provide the state of the art on the physiological changes in the elderly responsible for allergic diseases, their biological characteristics and the major immunological and extra immunological mechanisms. Much emphasis is given to the management of several diseases in the elderly, including anaphylactic reactions. Moreover, some new features are discussed, such as management of asthma with the support of physical activity and the use of the AIT as prevention of respiratory diseases and for the purpose of a real and long lasting benefit. The mechanisms of adverse reactions to drugs are also discussed, due to their frequency in this age, especially in polytherapy regimens. Study of the modifications of the immune system is also of great importance, as regards to the distribution of the lymphocytes and also the presence of a chronic inflammatory disease related to the production of cytokines, especially in prevision of all the possible therapies to be adopted to allow an active and healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Ventura
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Unit of Geriatric Immunoallergology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Paganelli
- Laboratory of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, University of G. d’Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lucia Minciullo
- Division and School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Patella
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Battipaglia Hospital, Battipaglia, Salerno, Italy
- School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Bonini
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London & Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Giovanni Passalacqua
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS San Martino-IST-University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Carlo Lombardi
- Departmental Unit of AllergologyClinical Immunology & Pneumology, Fondazione Poliambulanza Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Livio Simioni
- Department of Medicine, Allergy Service, ULSS 2 Feltre, Belluno, Italy
| | - Erminia Ridolo
- Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Division and School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Thome JJC, Grinshpun B, Kumar BV, Kubota M, Ohmura Y, Lerner H, Sempowski GD, Shen Y, Farber DL. Longterm maintenance of human naive T cells through in situ homeostasis in lymphoid tissue sites. Sci Immunol 2016; 1. [PMID: 28361127 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aah6506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Naïve T cells develop in the thymus and coordinate immune responses to new antigens; however, mechanisms for their long-term persistence over the human lifespan remain undefined. Here, we investigated human naïve T cell development and maintenance in primary and secondary lymphoid tissues obtained from individual organ donors aged 3 months-73 years. In the thymus, the frequency of double-positive thymocytes declined sharply in donors over age 40 coincident with reduced recent thymic emigrants (RTE) in lymphoid tissues, while naïve T cells were functionally maintained predominantly in lymph nodes (LN). Analysis of TCR clonal distribution by CDR3 sequencing of naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in spleen and LNs reveal site-specific clonal expansions of naïve T cells from individuals >40 years of age with minimal clonal overlap between lymphoid tissues. We also identified biased naïve T cell clonal distribution within specific lymph nodes based on VJ usage. Together these results suggest prolonged maintenance of naïve T cells through in situ homeostasis and retention in lymphoid tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J C Thome
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Boris Grinshpun
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Brahma V Kumar
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Masa Kubota
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yoshiaki Ohmura
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | | | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Donna L Farber
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Esaki H, Czarnowicki T, Gonzalez J, Oliva M, Talasila S, Haugh I, Rodriguez G, Becker L, Krueger JG, Guttman-Yassky E, Paller AS. Accelerated T-cell activation and differentiation of polar subsets characterizes early atopic dermatitis development. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:1473-1477.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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50
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Pinti M, Appay V, Campisi J, Frasca D, Fülöp T, Sauce D, Larbi A, Weinberger B, Cossarizza A. Aging of the immune system: Focus on inflammation and vaccination. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:2286-2301. [PMID: 27595500 PMCID: PMC5156481 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201546178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Major advances in preventing, delaying, or curing individual pathologies are responsible for an increasingly long life span in the developed parts of our planet, and indeed reaching eight to nine decades of life is nowadays extremely frequent. However, medical and sanitary advances have not prevented or delayed the underlying cause of the disparate pathologies occurring in the elderly: aging itself. The identification of the basis of the aging processes that drives the multiple pathologies and loss of function typical of older individuals is a major challenge in current aging research. Among the possible causes, an impairment of the immune system plays a major role, and indeed numerous studies have described immunological changes which occur with age. Far from the intention of being exhaustive, this review will focus on recent advances and views on the role that modifications of cell signalling and remodelling of the immune response play during human aging and longevity, paying particular attention to phenomena which are linked to the so called inflammaging process, such as dysregulation of innate immunity, altered T-cell or B-cell maturation and differentiation, as well as to the implications of immune aging for vaccination strategies in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Victor Appay
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, DHU FAST, CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Judith Campisi
- USA and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tamas Fülöp
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Delphine Sauce
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, DHU FAST, CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Aging and Immunity Program, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Birgit Weinberger
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, Italy.
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