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Naik M, Natarajan V, Thangaraju S, Modupalli N, Rawson A. Assessment of storage stability and quality characteristics of thermo‐sonication assisted blended bitter gourd seed oil and sunflower oil. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.14070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Naik
- Department of Food Engineering National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management‐Thanjavur (an Institute of National Importance; formerly Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology ‐ IIFPT) Thanjavur India
- Department of Food Processing Technology School of Agriculture and Biosciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed University) coimbatore India
| | - Venkatachalapathy Natarajan
- Department of Food Engineering National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management‐Thanjavur (an Institute of National Importance; formerly Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology ‐ IIFPT) Thanjavur India
| | - Suka Thangaraju
- Department of Food Engineering National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management‐Thanjavur (an Institute of National Importance; formerly Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology ‐ IIFPT) Thanjavur India
| | - Nikitha Modupalli
- Department of Food Engineering National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management‐Thanjavur (an Institute of National Importance; formerly Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology ‐ IIFPT) Thanjavur India
| | - Ashish Rawson
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Testing National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management‐Thanjavur (an Institute of National Importance; formerly Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology ‐ IIFPT) Thanjavur India
- Center of Excellence in Non‐Thermal Processing National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management‐Thanjavur (an Institute of National Importance; formerly Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology ‐ IIFPT) Thanjavur India
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Poultry Meat and Eggs as an Alternative Source of n-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids for Human Nutrition. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091969. [PMID: 35565936 PMCID: PMC9099610 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) on human health are widely known. Humans are rather inefficient in synthesizing n-3 LC-PUFA; thus, these compounds should be supplemented in the diet. However, most Western human diets have unbalanced n-6/n-3 ratios resulting from eating habits and the fact that fish sources (rich in n-3 LC-PUFA) are not sufficient (worldwide deficit ~347,956 t/y) to meet the world requirements. In this context, it is necessary to find new and sustainable sources of n-3 LC-PUFA. Poultry products can provide humans n-3 LC-PUFA due to physiological characteristics and the wide consumption of meat and eggs. The present work aims to provide a general overview of the main strategies that should be adopted during rearing and postproduction to enrich and preserve n-3 LC-PUFA in poultry products. The strategies include dietary supplementation of α-Linolenic acid (ALA) or n-3 LC-PUFA, or enhancing n-3 LC-PUFA by improving the LA (Linoleic acid)/ALA ratio and antioxidant concentrations. Moreover, factors such as genotype, rearing system, transport, and cooking processes can impact the n-3 LC-PUFA in poultry products. The use of a multifactorial view in the entire production chain allows the relevant enrichment and preservation of n-3 LC-PUFA in poultry products.
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Chileh Chelh T, Lyashenko S, Lahlou A, Belarbi EH, Ángel Rincón-Cervera M, Rodríguez-García I, Urrestarazu-Gavilán M, López Ruiz R, Luis Guil-Guerrero J. Buglossoides spp. seeds, a land source of health-promoting n-3 PUFA and phenolic compounds. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Health-Promoting Properties of Borage Seed Oil Fractionated by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102471. [PMID: 34681520 PMCID: PMC8535258 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Borage (Borago officinalis L.) seed oil is an important source of γ–linolenic acid, which is normally used as a treatment against different pathologies. Since the fractionation of this interesting seed oil has many environmental, economic and biological benefits, two borage fractionation techniques after extraction with CO2 under supercritical conditions have been studied: precipitation in two cyclone separators and countercurrent extraction column. Both techniques have successfully collected free fatty acids in one fraction: (i) two separators set up in series obtained the highest concentration of free fatty acids in separator 2 at 90 bar/40 °C; (ii) when countercurrent extraction column was used, the acidity index of the raffinate stream was independent from the operating conditions (2.6 ± 0.5%). Furthermore, the composition of the fatty acids, as well as their antioxidant and cytotoxic activities, were determined. The profile of the fatty acids obtained by either of these two methods remained unaltered, so that the crude oil exhibited improved antioxidant and cytotoxic properties. All the extracts obtained in the two cyclone separators at the same pressure/temperature conditions displayed high tumouricidal activity against HL 60 promyelocytic leukaemia cells, even if the extracts at 50% concentration from separator 2 presented a lower inhibitory activity (IC50). The extracts from separator 2 at 90 bar/40 °C exhibited the highest anti-proliferative activity at low doses (IC50 of 0.3 μL/mL for the trypan blue exclusion test). To reach the lethal dose—IC50—with the product obtained through countercurrent column fractionation, a concentration of 2 μL/mL of crude borage oil raffinate was required.
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Hadizadeh Z, Mehrgan MS, Shekarabi SPH. The potential use of stickwater from a kilka fishmeal plant in Dunaliella salina cultivation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:2144-2154. [PMID: 31773526 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06926-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the possibility of culturing Dunaliella salina in stickwater (SW) as the main effluent of fishmeal plants was evaluated. D. salina was grown in different media obtained by replacing standard Guillard medium (F/2) with SW at 0% (control), 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% ratios. The cell density, pigment contents, proximate composition, saponification value, and fatty acids (FAs) profiles were measured for 14 days. SW was collected from a kilka fishmeal factory in northern Iran, and the characteristics indicated high concentrations of nitrate (242.00 mg L-1) and phosphate (11.13 mg L-1). A significant increase in the cell density was observed in 14 days when 75% SW was used. Moreover, SW significantly affected the pigment contents. The highest contents of chlorophylls, total carotenoids, and β-carotene (3.64 μg mL-1) were calculated in 75% SW. According to the algal proximate composition, the highest and lowest contents of lipid were accumulated in 75% and 100% SW, respectively (p < 0.05). The highest level of saturated FAs was observed in 75% SW compared with the others (p < 0.05). In conclusion, replacing F/2 with SW indicated the capability of D. salina to grow in a treated medium with 75% SW substitution as a bioremediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hadizadeh
- Department of Fisheries Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shamsaie Mehrgan
- Department of Fisheries Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Yang X, Li Y, Li Y, Ye D, Yuan L, Sun Y, Han D, Hu Q. Solid Matrix-Supported Supercritical CO₂ Enhances Extraction of γ-Linolenic Acid from the Cyanobacterium Arthrospira ( Spirulina) platensis and Bioactivity Evaluation of the Molecule in Zebrafish. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17040203. [PMID: 30935028 PMCID: PMC6520994 DOI: 10.3390/md17040203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine cyanobacteria represent a large untapped source of functional glycolipids enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for human health. However, advanced methods for scalable isolation of diverse species containing high-purity PUFA-rich glycolipids will have to be developed and their possible pharmaceutical and nutraceutical functions identified. This paper introduces a novel solid matrix-supported supercritical CO₂ extraction method for scalable isolation of the PUFA γ-linolenic acid (GLA)-enriched glycolipids from the cyanobacterium Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis, which has been the most widely used among microalgae in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. Of various porous materials studied, diatomite was the best to facilitate extraction of GLA-rich glycolipids, resulting in an extraction efficiency of 98%. Gamma-linolenic acid made up 35% of total fatty acids (TFAs) in the extracts, which was considerably greater than that obtained with ethanol (26%), Bligh and Dyer (24%), and in situ transesterification (24%) methods, respectively. Lipidomics analysis revealed that GLA was exclusively associated with galactolipids. Pharmaceutical functions of GLA-rich galactolipids were investigated on a zebrafish caudal fin regeneration model. The results suggested that GLA extracted from A. platensis possessed anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic activities, which acted in a concerted manner to promote post-injury regeneration of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Yang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yanhua Li
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Ding Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Li Yuan
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Yonghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Danxiang Han
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
- Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Qiang Hu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
- Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Algae Biomass, Microalgae Biotechnology Center, SDIC Biotech Investment Co., LTD., State Development & Investment Corp., Beijing 100142, China.
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Navarro-Herrera D, Aranaz P, Eder-Azanza L, Zabala M, Romo-Hualde A, Hurtado C, Calavia D, López-Yoldi M, Martínez JA, González-Navarro CJ, Vizmanos JL. Borago officinalis seed oil (BSO), a natural source of omega-6 fatty acids, attenuates fat accumulation by activating peroxisomal beta-oxidation both in C. elegans and in diet-induced obese rats. Food Funct 2018; 9:4340-4351. [PMID: 30043014 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00423d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a medical condition with increasing prevalence, characterized by an accumulation of excess fat that could be improved using some bioactive compounds. However, many of these compounds with in vitro activity fail to respond in vivo, probably due to the sophistication of the physiological energy regulatory networks. In this context, C. elegans has emerged as a plausible model for the identification and characterization of the effect of such compounds on fat storage in a complete organism. However, the results obtained in such a simple model are not easily extrapolated to more complex organisms such as mammals, which hinders its application in the short term. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain new experimental data about the evolutionary conservation of the mechanisms of fat loss between worms and mammals. Previously, we found that some omega-6 fatty acids promote fat loss in C. elegans by up-regulation of peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation in an omega-3 independent manner. In this work, we prove that the omega-6 fatty acids' effects on worms are also seen when they are supplemented with a natural omega-6 source (borage seed oil, BSO). Additionally, we explore the anti-obesity effects of two doses of BSO in a diet-induced obesity rat model, validating the up-regulation of peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation. The supplementation with BSO significantly reduces body weight gain and energy efficiency and prevents white adipose tissue accumulation without affecting food intake. Moreover, BSO also increases serum HDL-cholesterol levels, improves insulin resistance and promotes the down-regulation of Cebpa, an adipogenesis-related gene. Therefore, we conclude that the effects of omega-6 fatty acids are highly conserved between worms and obesity-induced mammals, so these compounds could be considered to treat or prevent obesity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Navarro-Herrera
- University of Navarra, School of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Pamplona, Spain.
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Guil-Guerrero JL, Gómez-Mercado F, Ramos-Bueno RP, González-Fernández MJ, Urrestarazu M, Jiménez-Becker S, de Bélair G. Fatty acid profiles and sn -2 fatty acid distribution of γ-linolenic acid-rich Borago species. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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The Changes in Rats with Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury Supplemented with Evening Primrose Oil: Behavioural, Morphologic, and Morphometric Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:3476407. [PMID: 28620418 PMCID: PMC5460435 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3476407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nerve crush injuries are commonly used models for axonotmesis to examine peripheral nerve regeneration. As evening primrose oil (EPO) is rich in omega-6 essential fatty acid component and gamma-linolenic acid, studies have shown the potential role of EPO in myelination. Seventy-two healthy adult Sprague-Dawley rats were classified into three groups: normal group, control group, and experimental group. The result indicates that there was significant difference in toe-spreading reflex between the normal and the control groups (1.9 ± 0.031, p < 0.05) and the normal and the EPO groups (0.4 ± 0.031, p < 0.05) and significant difference between EPO and the control groups (1.5 ± 0.031, p < 0.05). Regeneration of axons and myelin in nerve fibre in the EPO-treated group developed better and faster than in the control group. In the control group, the shape of the axon was irregular with a thinner myelin sheath. In the experimental group, the shape of the axons, the thickness of the myelin sheath, and the diameter of the axons were almost the same as in the normal group. In conclusion, EPO supplementation may be beneficial as a therapeutic option for disturbances of nerve interaction.
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Guil-Guerrero JL, Gómez-Mercado F, Ramos-Bueno RP, González-Fernández MJ, Urrestarazu M, Rincón-Cervera MÁ. Sardinian Boraginaceae are new potential sources of gamma-linolenic acid. Food Chem 2016; 218:435-439. [PMID: 27719932 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to establish the richness in γ-linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3n6) and stearidonic acid (SDA, 18:4n3) of several Sardinian Boraginaceae species. To this end, seeds of selected species were collected from their natural habitats and analysed. The highest GLA contents were found in the seed oils of two endemic Borago taxa, i.e. B. morisiana (24.4 and 24.6% GLA of total fatty acids for samples from San Pietro Island and Sardinia Island, respectively), and 22.9% GLA for B. pygmaea. Both Borago species contained more GLA than B. officinalis collected in the same ecosystems. SDA was found in significant amounts in Echium plantagineum seed oil from the Lattias Mountains (15% SDA of total fatty acids). It is notable that both Borago GLA-rich species are under threat of extinction, thus revealing the importance of the preservation of the natural Sardinian ecosystems for endangered species and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Guil-Guerrero
- Food Technology Division, University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | | | - Rebeca Pilar Ramos-Bueno
- Food Technology Division, University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Urrestarazu
- Agronomy Division, University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Rincón-Cervera
- Food Technology Division, University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, El Líbano 5524, Macul, Santiago, Chile
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Lozano-Baena MD, Tasset I, Muñoz-Serrano A, Alonso-Moraga Á, de Haro-Bailón A. Cancer Prevention and Health Benefices of Traditionally Consumed Borago officinalis Plants. Nutrients 2016; 8:E48. [PMID: 26797631 PMCID: PMC4728661 DOI: 10.3390/nu8010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, healthy eating is increasing the demand of functional foods by societies as sources of bioactive products with healthy qualities. For this reason, we tested the safety of the consumption of Borago officinalis L. and its main phenolic components as well as the possibility of its use as a nutraceutical plant to help in cancer prevention. The in vivo Drosophila Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) and in vitro HL-60 human cell systems were performed, as well-recognized methods for testing genotoxicity/cytotoxicity of bioactive compounds and plant products. B. officinalis and the tested compounds possess antigenotoxic activity. Moreover, B. officinalis wild type cultivar exerts the most antigenotoxic values. Cytotoxic effect was probed for both cultivars with IC50 values of 0.49 and 0.28 mg · mL(-1) for wild type and cultivated plants respectively, as well as their constituent rosmarinic acid and the assayed phenolic mixture (IC50 = 0.07 and 0.04 mM respectively). B. officinalis exerts DNA protection and anticarcinogenic effects as do its component rosmarinic acid and the mixture of the main phenolics presented in the plant. In conclusion, the results showed that B. officinalis may represent a high value plant for pleiotropic uses and support its consumption as a nutraceutical plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Dolores Lozano-Baena
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute of Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, Córdoba E-14004, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Tasset
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Andrés Muñoz-Serrano
- Department of Genetics, Gregor Mendel Building, Faculty of Science, University of Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, Córdoba 14014, Spain.
| | - Ángeles Alonso-Moraga
- Department of Genetics, Gregor Mendel Building, Faculty of Science, University of Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, Córdoba 14014, Spain.
| | - Antonio de Haro-Bailón
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute of Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, Córdoba E-14004, Spain.
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Mihálik D, Klčová L, Ondreičková K, Hudcovicová M, Gubišová M, Klempová T, Čertík M, Pauk J, Kraic J. Biosynthesis of Essential Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Wheat Triggered by Expression of Artificial Gene. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:30046-60. [PMID: 26694368 PMCID: PMC4691084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The artificial gene D6D encoding the enzyme ∆⁶desaturase was designed and synthesized using the sequence of the same gene from the fungus Thamnidium elegans. The original start codon was replaced by the signal sequence derived from the wheat gene for high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit and the codon usage was completely changed for optimal expression in wheat. Synthesized artificial D6D gene was delivered into plants of the spring wheat line CY-45 and the gene itself, as well as transcribed D6D mRNA were confirmed in plants of T₀ and T₁ generations. The desired product of the wheat genetic modification by artificial D6D gene was the γ-linolenic acid. Its presence was confirmed in mature grains of transgenic wheat plants in the amount 0.04%-0.32% (v/v) of the total amount of fatty acids. Both newly synthesized γ-linolenic acid and stearidonic acid have been detected also in leaves, stems, roots, awns, paleas, rachillas, and immature grains of the T₁ generation as well as in immature and mature grains of the T₂ generation. Contents of γ-linolenic acid and stearidonic acid varied in range 0%-1.40% (v/v) and 0%-1.53% (v/v) from the total amount of fatty acids, respectively. This approach has opened the pathway of desaturation of fatty acids and production of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mihálik
- Research Institute of Plant Production, National Agricultural and Food Center, 921 68 Piešťany, Slovakia.
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of SS, Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia.
| | - Lenka Klčová
- Research Institute of Plant Production, National Agricultural and Food Center, 921 68 Piešťany, Slovakia.
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia.
| | - Katarína Ondreičková
- Research Institute of Plant Production, National Agricultural and Food Center, 921 68 Piešťany, Slovakia.
| | - Martina Hudcovicová
- Research Institute of Plant Production, National Agricultural and Food Center, 921 68 Piešťany, Slovakia.
| | - Marcela Gubišová
- Research Institute of Plant Production, National Agricultural and Food Center, 921 68 Piešťany, Slovakia.
| | - Tatiana Klempová
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Milan Čertík
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - János Pauk
- Cereal Research Non-profit Ltd., Szeged, Alsó kikötö sor 9, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ján Kraic
- Research Institute of Plant Production, National Agricultural and Food Center, 921 68 Piešťany, Slovakia.
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of SS, Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia.
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Flores G, Ruiz del Castillo ML. Enhancement of nutritionally significant constituents of black currant seeds by chemical elicitor application. Food Chem 2015; 194:1260-5. [PMID: 26471680 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Black currant seeds are obtained as a residue during juice production. Black currant seed oil contains high amounts of nutritionally desirable constituents such as γ-linolenic acid (GLA), α-linolenic acid (ALA) and stearidonic acid (SA), as well as certain phenolic acids, which act as natural antioxidants. Fatty acids and phenolic acids of seeds from black currant cultivars after elicitation with methyl jasmonate (MJ) were examined. GLA contents around 25% with respect to total fatty acid content were measured in seeds after pre-harvest treatment of black currants with 0.02mM MJ in 0.05% Tween-20. High GLA samples also exhibited high SA content (higher than 10% with respect to total fatty acid content); however, ALA dropped (from 16% to 10%). High GLA content seeds also showed increased contents of gallic, caffeic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids. In particular, seeds from 0.02mM MJ treated Ben Hope black currants exerted contents of gallic, caffeic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids of 201.4, 125.9, 201.3 and 112.5μgg(-1)vs 124.3, 58.6, 165.4 and 95.8μgg(-1) measured in seeds from untreated Ben Hope black currants. Comparable results were obtained for Ben Alder and Ben Gairn berries. Chemical elicitation with 0.02 MJ is proposed as an industrial practice in such a way that, after consideration of quality issues, it would be obtained high added value black currant seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Flores
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTAN-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Ruiz del Castillo
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTAN-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Cao Z, Wang S, Wang T, Chang Z, Shen Z, Chen Y. Using contaminated plants involved in phytoremediation for anaerobic digestion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2015; 17:201-7. [PMID: 25397976 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2013.876967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the anaerobic digestion capability of five plants and the effects of copper (Cu) and S,S'-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS, a chelator widely used in chelant-assisted phytoremediation) on biogas production to determine a feasible disposal method for plants used in remediation. The results showed that in addition to Phytolacca americana L., plants such as Zea mays L., Brassica napus L., Elsholtzia splendens Nakai ex F. Maekawa, and Oenothera biennis L. performed well in biogas production. Among these, O. biennis required the shortest period to finish anaerobic digestion. Compared to normal plants with low Cu content, the plants used in remediation with increased Cu levels (100 mg kg(-1)) not only promoted anaerobic digestion and required a shorter anaerobic digestion time, but also increased the methane content in biogas. When the Cu content in plants increased to 500, 1000, and 5000 mg kg(-1), the cumulative biogas production decreased by 12.3%, 14.6%, and 41.2%, respectively. Studies also found that EDDS conspicuously restrained biogas production from anaerobic digestion. The results suggest that anaerobic digestion has great potential for the disposal of contaminated plants and may provide a solution for the resource utilization of plants used in remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewei Cao
- a College of Life Sciences , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
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16
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Guil-Guerrero JL, Ramos-Bueno RP, Gómez-Mercado F, Rincón-Cervera MÁ. Positional distribution assessment of essential fatty acids in several fats and oils including plant, fish, and microbial sources and subcutaneous fat of Galician horse. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Ozcan T. Fatty Acid Composition of Seed Oils in Some Sand Dune Vegetation Species from Turkey. Chem Nat Compd 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-014-1088-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Strategic feeding of ammonium and metal ions for enhanced GLA-rich lipid accumulation in Cunninghamella bainieri 2A1. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:173574. [PMID: 24991637 PMCID: PMC4065705 DOI: 10.1155/2014/173574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategic feeding of ammonium and metal ions (Mg2+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Ca2+, Co2+, and Zn2+) for enhanced GLA-rich lipid accumulation in C. bainieri 2A1 was established. When cultivated in nitrogen-limited medium, the fungus produced up to 30% lipid (g/g biomass) with 12.9% (g/g lipid) GLA. However, the accumulation of lipid stopped at 48 hours of cultivation although glucose was abundant. This event occurred in parallel to the diminishing activity of malic enzyme (ME), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and ATP citrate lyase (ACL) as well as the depletion of metal ions in the medium. Reinstatement of the enzymes activities was achieved by feeding of ammonium tartrate, but no increment in the lipid content was observed. However, increment in lipid content from 32% to 50% (g/g biomass) with 13.2% GLA was achieved when simultaneous feeding of ammonium, glucose, and metal ions was carried out. This showed that the cessation of lipid accumulation was caused by diminishing activities of the enzymes as well as depletion of the metal ions in the medium. Therefore, strategic feeding of ammonium and metal ions successfully reinstated enzymes activities and enhanced GLA-rich lipid accumulation in C. bainieri 2A1.
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Baeza-Jiménez R, No DS, Otero C, García HS, Lee JS, Kim IH. Lipase-Catalysed Enrichment of γ-Linolenic Acid from Evening Primrose Oil in a Solvent-Free System. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-014-2463-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Guo P, Wang T, Liu Y, Xia Y, Wang G, Shen Z, Chen Y. Phytostabilization potential of evening primrose (Oenothera glazioviana) for copper-contaminated sites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:631-640. [PMID: 23818072 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1899-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A field investigation, field experiment, and hydroponic experiment were conducted to evaluate feasibility of using Oenothera glazioviana for phytostabilization of copper-contaminated soil. In semiarid mine tailings in Tongling, Anhui, China, O. glazioviana, a copper excluder, was a dominant species in the community, with a low bioaccumulation factor, the lowest copper translocation factor, and the lowest copper content in seed (8 mg kg(-1)). When O. glazioviana was planted in copper-polluted farmland soil in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, its growth and development improved and the level of γ-linolenic acid in seeds reached 17.1%, compared with 8.73% in mine tailings. A hydroponic study showed that O. glazioviana had high tolerance to copper, low upward transportation capacity of copper, and a high γ-linolenic acid content. Therefore, it has great potential for the phytostabilization of copper-contaminated soils and a high commercial value without risk to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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21
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Yan Y, Candreva J, Shi H, Ernst E, Martienssen R, Schwender J, Shanklin J. Survey of the total fatty acid and triacylglycerol composition and content of 30 duckweed species and cloning of a Δ6-desaturase responsible for the production of γ-linolenic and stearidonic acids in Lemna gibba. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 13:201. [PMID: 24308551 PMCID: PMC3879013 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-13-201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duckweeds, i.e., members of the Lemnoideae family, are amongst the smallest aquatic flowering plants. Their high growth rate, aquatic habit and suitability for bio-remediation make them strong candidates for biomass production. Duckweeds have been studied for their potential as feedstocks for bioethanol production; however, less is known about their ability to accumulate reduced carbon as fatty acids (FA) and oil. RESULTS Total FA profiles of thirty duckweed species were analysed to assess the natural diversity within the Lemnoideae. Total FA content varied between 4.6% and 14.2% of dry weight whereas triacylglycerol (TAG) levels varied between 0.02% and 0.15% of dry weight. Three FA, 16:0 (palmitic), 18:2Δ9,12 (Linoleic acid, or LN) and 18:3Δ9,12,15 (α-linolenic acid, or ALA) comprise more than 80% of total duckweed FA. Seven Lemna and two Wolffiela species also accumulate polyunsaturated FA containing Δ6-double bonds, i.e., GLA and SDA. Relative to total FA, TAG is enriched in saturated FA and deficient in polyunsaturated FA, and only five Lemna species accumulate Δ6-FA in their TAG. A putative Δ6-desaturase designated LgDes, with homology to a family of front-end Δ6-FA and Δ8-spingolipid desaturases, was identified in the assembled DNA sequence of Lemna gibba. Expression of a synthetic LgDes gene in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in the accumulation of GLA and SDA, confirming it specifies a Δ6-desaturase. CONCLUSIONS Total accumulation of FA varies three-fold across the 30 species of Lemnoideae surveyed. Nine species contain GLA and SDA which are synthesized by a Δ6 front-end desaturase, but FA composition is otherwise similar. TAG accumulates up to 0.15% of total dry weight, comparable to levels found in the leaves of terrestrial plants. Polyunsaturated FA is underrepresented in TAG, and the Δ6-FA GLA and SDA are found in the TAG of only five of the nine Lemna species that produce them. When present, GLA is enriched and SDA diminished relative to their abundance in the total FA pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiheng Yan
- Biosciences Department, BNL 463, 50 Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Jason Candreva
- Biosciences Department, BNL 463, 50 Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Hai Shi
- Biosciences Department, BNL 463, 50 Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Evan Ernst
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Rd, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Robert Martienssen
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Rd, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Jorg Schwender
- Biosciences Department, BNL 463, 50 Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - John Shanklin
- Biosciences Department, BNL 463, 50 Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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Tasset-Cuevas I, Fernández-Bedmar Z, Lozano-Baena MD, Campos-Sánchez J, de Haro-Bailón A, Muñoz-Serrano A, Alonso-Moraga A. Protective effect of borage seed oil and gamma linolenic acid on DNA: in vivo and in vitro studies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56986. [PMID: 23460824 PMCID: PMC3584109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Borage (Borago officinalis L.) seed oil has been used as a treatment for various degenerative diseases. Many useful properties of this oil are attributed to its high gamma linolenic acid content (GLA, 18:3 ω-6). The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the safety and suitability of the use of borage seed oil, along with one of its active components, GLA, with respect to DNA integrity, and to establish possible in vivo toxic and in vitro cytotoxic effects. In order to measure these properties, five types of assays were carried out: toxicity, genotoxicity, antigenotoxicity, cytotoxicity (using the promyelocytic leukaemia HL60 cell line), and life span (in vivo analysis using the Drosophila model). Results showed that i) Borage seed oil is not toxic to D. melanogaster at physiological concentrations below 125 µl/ml and the studies on GLA indicated non-toxicity at the lowest concentration analyzed ii) Borage seed oil and GLA are DNA safe (non-genotoxic) and antimutagenic compared to hydrogen peroxide, thereby confirming its antioxidant capacity; iii) Borage seed oil and GLA exhibited cytotoxic activity in low doses (IC50 of 1 µl/ml and 0.087 mM, respectively) iv) Low doses of borage seed oil (0.19%) increased the health span of D. melanogaster; and v) GLA significantly decreased the life span of D. melanogaster. Based on the antimutagenic and cytotoxic effects along with the ability to increase the health span, we propose supplementation with borage seed oil rather than GLA, because it protects DNA by modulating oxidative genetic damage in D. melanogaster, increases the health span and exerts cytotoxic activity towards promyelocytic HL60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Tasset-Cuevas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Maimónides de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Córdoba (IMIBIC/Universidad de Córdoba), Córdoba, España.
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Kuhnt K, Degen C, Jaudszus A, Jahreis G. Searching for health beneficial n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in plant seeds. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2011; 114:153-160. [PMID: 22745569 PMCID: PMC3380567 DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Various plant seeds have received little attention in fatty acid research. Seeds from 30 species mainly of Boraginaceae and Primulaceae were analysed in order to identify potential new sources of the n-3 PUFA α-linolenic acid (ALA) and stearidonic acid (SDA) and of the n-6 PUFA γ-linolenic acid (GLA). The fatty acid distribution differed enormously between genera of the same family. Echium species (Boraginaceae) contained the highest amount of total n-3 PUFA (47.1%), predominantly ALA (36.6%) and SDA (10.5%) combined with high GLA (10.2%). Further species of Boraginaceae rich in both SDA and GLA were Omphalodes linifolia (8.4, 17.2%, resp.), Cerinthe minor (7.5, 9.9%, resp.) and Buglossoides purpureocaerulea (6.1, 16.6%, resp.). Alkanna species belonging to Boraginaceae had comparable amounts of ALA (37.3%) and GLA (11.4%) like Echium but lower SDA contents (3.7%). Different genera of Primulaceae (Dodecatheon and Primula) had varying ALA (14.8, 28.8%, resp.) and GLA portions (4.1, 1.5%, resp.), but similar amounts of SDA (4.9, 4.5%, resp.). Cannabis sativa cultivars (Cannabaceae) were rich in linoleic acid (57.1%), but poor in SDA and GLA (0.8, 2.7%, resp.). In conclusion, several of the presented plant seeds contain considerable amounts of n-3 PUFA and GLA, which could be relevant for nutritional purposes due to their biological function as precursors for eicosanoid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Kuhnt
- Institute of Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Physiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
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Guedes AC, Amaro HM, Barbosa CR, Pereira RD, Malcata FX. Fatty acid composition of several wild microalgae and cyanobacteria, with a focus on eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic and α-linolenic acids for eventual dietary uses. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mamatha SS, Muthukumar SP, Venkateswaran G. Safety evaluation of Mucor rouxii CFR-G15 biomass containing ω-6 fatty acids in rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 62:183-90. [PMID: 22024236 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mucor rouxii CFR-G15 is an oleaginous zygomycetous fungus. The mycelia of the fungus accumulate 35.0±0.8% total lipid of which, 18.55±0.46% is gamma linolenic acid. Acute and subchronic studies were conducted by feeding rats with dry biomass of M. rouxii CFR-G15 to assess the safety of the oils in the fungal mycelium. For acute toxicity studies, adult male rats fed with diet at 0, 5000, 10,000, 25,000, 50,000 mg/kg bw for 1 day, and the animals were monitored for 14 days. Rats weighing 35±2.5 g were fed for 13 weeks with a diet incorporating 2500, 5000, 10,000 and 20,000 mg/kg (w/w) dry biomass for subchronic toxicity studies. Control consists of the diet without the dry biomass. Dietary feeding of M. rouxii biomass at any level showed no significant changes (p>0.05) in food intake, body weight, organs weight and serum enzymes. Macroscopic and microscopic observations revealed that the vital organs were unaffected by the feed containing the dry biomass. However, triglycerides and cholesterol levels in serum were decreased significantly (p<0.05) in the test rats. The results of this study suggests that feeding fungal mycelia containing oil is safe when fed to rats and also shows positive effects on controlling triglycerides and cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Mamatha
- Biological Oceanography Division, National Institute of Oceanography, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Dona Paula 403004, Goa, India
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26
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Ramandi NF, Najafi NM, Raofie F, Ghasemi E. Central Composite Design for the Optimization of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Fluid Extraction of Fatty Acids from Borago Officinalis L. Flower. J Food Sci 2011; 76:C1262-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02394.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Liu J, Li D, Yin Y, Wang H, Li M, Yu L. Δ6-Desaturase from Mortierella alpina: cDNA cloning, expression, and phylogenetic analysis. Biotechnol Lett 2011; 33:1985-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-011-0650-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Enzymatic synthesis of structured lipids using a novel cold-active lipase from Pichia lynferdii NRRL Y-7723. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Differential temperature effect on the production of enhanced gamma linolenic acid in Mucor rouxii CFR-G15. Indian J Microbiol 2010; 50:52-6. [PMID: 22815572 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-010-0053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucor rouxii CFR-G15, a locally isolated phycomycetous fungus, on cultivation at room temperature produced more than 30% (w/w) lipid in their dry cell weight, in which 14.2% accounted to be GLA content of the total fatty acids. It was observed that when incubation temperature lowered at 14°C, GLA content of the mycelium increased significantly (P<0.05) from 14.2% to 21.97%. In order to optimize the cultural conditions for high biomass and lipid production with high GLA content, the fungus was grown in association of two different temperatures and supply of additional glucose in culture medium. Maximum lipid and GLA were obtained 23.56 and 19.5% respectively, when the culture was grown at 28°C for four days and followed by addition of glucose (5%), and lowered the incubation temperature to 14°C for another four days. The presence of GLA in the oil obtained from M. rouxii CFR-G15 was confirmed by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Gamma linolenic acid (GLA, n-6) is gaining importance in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries because of clinical evidence demonstrated that it has various beneficial effects in human health. In this paper temperature played a major role in enhancing the GLA content which has been described.
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30
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Foster RH, Hardy G, Alany RG. Borage oil in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Nutrition 2010; 26:708-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Oliveira EG, Duarte JH, Moraes K, Crexi VT, Pinto LAA. Optimisation of Spirulina platensis convective drying: evaluation of phycocyanin loss and lipid oxidation. Int J Food Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2010.02299.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Mamatha SS, Halami PM, Venkateswaran G. Identification and characterization of the
n
‐6 fatty acid‐producing
Mucor rouxii
native isolate CFR‐G15. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200900101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shivaramu S. Mamatha
- Department of Food Microbiology, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Mysore, India
| | - Prakash M. Halami
- Department of Food Microbiology, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Mysore, India
| | - Govindarajulu Venkateswaran
- Department of Food Microbiology, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Mysore, India
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Carvalho PO, Oliveira JG, Pastore GM. Effects of culture conditions on the production of gamma‐linolenic acid byMucor spLB‐54. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/08905439909549969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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34
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35
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Purification of GLA-Triglycerides from Evening Primrose Oil by Gravimetric Column Chromatography. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-009-1378-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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36
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Sajilata M, Singhal R, Kamat M. Fractionation of lipids and purification of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) from Spirulina platensis. Food Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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37
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Guil-Guerrero JL, López-Martínez JC, Campra-Madrid P. Gamma-linolenic extraction from seed by SCF and several solvent systems. Int J Food Sci Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2007.01586.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Sajilata M, Singhal RS, Kamat MY. Supercritical CO2 extraction of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) from Spirulina platensis ARM 740 using response surface methodology. J FOOD ENG 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2007.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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39
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García-Maroto F, Garrido-Cárdenas JA, Michaelson LV, Napier JA, Alonso DL. Cloning and molecular characterisation of a Delta8-sphingolipid-desaturase from Nicotiana tabacum closely related to Delta6-acyl-desaturases. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2007; 64:241-50. [PMID: 17325828 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-007-9148-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2006] [Accepted: 02/08/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Investigation on the absence of Delta(6)-desaturase activity in Nicotiana tabacum has led to the cloning of a new desaturase gene from this organism (NTDXDES) that exhibited unexpected biochemical activity. Cladistic analysis shows clustering of NTDXDES together with functional Delta(6)-acyl-desaturases of near Solanales plants, such as Borago and Echium. This group lies apart from that of previously characterised Delta(8)-sphingolipid-desaturases, which also includes two putative tobacco members identified in this study. Moreover, strong expression of NTDXDES is found in leaves, flowers, fruits and developing seeds of tobacco plants that is highly dependent on the development phase, with transcriptional activity being higher at stages of active tissue growth. This pattern is similar to that showed by Delta(6)-acyl-desaturases characterised in Boraginaceae species. However, functional assays using a yeast expression system revealed that the protein encoded by NTDXDES lacks Delta(6)-desaturase activity, but instead it is able to desaturate sphingolipid substrates by introducing a double bond on the Delta(8)-position. These data indicate that NTDXDES represent a novel desaturase gene placed in a different evolutionary lineage to that of previously characterised Delta(8)-desaturases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico García-Maroto
- Area de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Almería, 04120, Almeria, Spain.
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GUIL-GUERRERO J, LÓPEZ-MARTÍNEZ J, CAMPRA-MADRID P, RINCÓN-CERVERA M. GLA PURIFICATION FROM ECHIUM FASTUOSUM SEED OIL IN A TWO-STEP PROCESS: SIMULTANEOUS PUFAs EXTRACTION/CONCENTRATION AND SELECTIVE ENZYMATIC ESTERIFICATION. J Food Biochem 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2007.00116.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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41
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LÓPEZ-MARTÍNEZ J, CAMPRA-MADRID P, RAMÍREZ-FAJARDO A, ESTEBAN-CERDÁN L, GUIL-GUERRERO J. SCREENING OF LIPASES FOR ENZYMATIC CONCENTRATION OF ?-LINOLENIC ACID (GLA) FROM SEED OILS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4522.2006.00059.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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42
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Sayanova O, Haslam R, Venegas-Calerón M, Napier JA. Identification of Primula "front-end" desaturases with distinct n-6 or n-3 substrate preferences. PLANTA 2006; 224:1269-77. [PMID: 16773377 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-006-0306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2006] [Accepted: 04/26/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
cDNA clones encoding cytochrome b(5) fusion desaturases were isolated from Primula cortusoides L. and Primula luteola Ruprecht, species previously shown to preferentially accumulate either n-6 or n-3 Delta6-desaturated fatty acids, respectively. Functional characterisation of these desaturases in yeast revealed that the recombinant Primula enzymes displayed substrate preferences, resulting in the predominant synthesis of either gamma-linolenic acid (n-6) or stearidonic acid (n-3). Independent expression of the two Primula desaturases in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana confirmed these results, with gamma-linolenic acid and stearidonic acid accumulating in both leaf and seed tissues to different levels, depending on the substrate specificity of the desaturase. Targeted lipid analysis of transgenic Arabidopsis lines revealed the presence of Delta6-desaturated fatty acids in the acyl-CoA pools of leaf but not seed tissue. The implications for the transgenic synthesis of C(20) polyunsaturated fatty acids via the elongation of Delta6-desaturated fatty acids are discussed, as is the potential of using Primula desaturases in the synthesis of C(18) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as stearidonic acid.
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Guil‐Guerrero JL, López‐Martínez JC, Gómez‐Mercado F, Campra‐Madrid P. Gamma‐linolenic and stearidonic acids from Moroccan Boraginaceae. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200500251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Guil-Guerrero JL, López-Martínez JC, Navarro-Juárez R, Gómez-Mercado F. Gamma-linolenic acid from Cape Verdian Boraginaceae. Nat Prod Res 2006; 20:9-12. [PMID: 16286301 DOI: 10.1080/14786410500166402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) was studied in the seed oil of six Cape Verdian Boraginaceae. The GLA ranges from trace levels in the three Heliotropum surveyed to 22.2% on saponifiable oil in Echium stenosiphon. All Echium species had GLA percentages in their seed oil around 20%. Echium seeds yield saponifiable oil from 15.8% (E. stenosiphon) to 17.3% (E. hypertropicum).
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Guil-Guerrero
- Area de Tecnología de Alimentos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Almería, Almería, España.
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Na-Ranong S, Laoteng K, Kittakoop P, Tanticharoen M, Cheevadhanarak S. Targeted mutagenesis of a fatty acid Delta6-desaturase from Mucor rouxii: role of amino acid residues adjacent to histidine-rich motif II. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 339:1029-34. [PMID: 16337147 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.11.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2005] [Accepted: 11/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The amino acid residues serine at position 213 (S213) and lysine at position 218 (K218), which are present in close proximity to the histidine-rich motif II of Mucor rouxii fatty acid Delta(6)-desaturase isoform II, were targeted for studying structure-function relationships using site-directed mutagenesis. The mutants were functionally characterized in a heterologous host, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Substrate specificity and preference studies revealed that S213 and K218 are involved in substrate recognition. K218 plays a role in substrate preference by involvement in the binding of substrates, particularly C15-C18 monoene fatty acids. Modification of the M. rouxii Delta(6)-desaturase therefore has potential in specifically altering substrate utilization for production of desired fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutthicha Na-Ranong
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkuntien, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
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Laoteng K, Ruenwai R, Tanticharoen M, Cheevadhanarak S. Genetic modification of essential fatty acids biosynthesis inHansenula polymorpha. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2005; 245:169-78. [PMID: 15796995 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsle.2005.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2004] [Revised: 12/07/2004] [Accepted: 03/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Delta(6)-desaturase gene isoform II involved in the formation of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) was identified from Mucor rouxii. To study the possibility of alteration of the synthetic pathway of essential fatty acids in the methylotrophic yeast, Hansenula polymorpha, the cloned gene of M. rouxii under the control of the methanol oxidase (MOX) promoter of H. polymorpha, was used for genetic modification of this yeast. Changes in flux through the n-3 and n-6 pathways in the transgenic yeast were observed. The proportion of GLA varied dramatically depending on the growth temperature and media composition. This can be explained by the effects of either substrate availability or enzymatic activity. In addition to the potential application for manipulating the fatty acid profile, this study provides an attractive model system of H. polymorpha for investigating the deviation of fatty acid metabolism in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobkul Laoteng
- Biochemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Research and Development Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkhuntien, Bangkok 10150, Thailand.
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Guil-Guerrero JL, López-Martínez JC, Navarro-Juárez R, García-Maroto F, Campra-Madrid P. γ-Linolenic acid from caryophyllaceae seed oil. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-004-958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Guil-Guerrero
- ; Área de Tecnología de Alimentos; Universidad de Almería; 04120 Almería Spain
| | | | | | - F. García-Maroto
- ; Área de Bioquímica; Universidad de Almería; 04120 Almería Spain
| | - P. Campra-Madrid
- ; Área de Tecnología de Alimentos; Universidad de Almería; 04120 Almería Spain
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Erdemoglu N, Kusmenoglu S, Vural M. γ-Linolenic acid content and fatty acid composition of Boraginaceae seed oils. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200300910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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