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Rivera-Esteban J, Muñoz-Martínez S, Higuera M, Sena E, Bermúdez-Ramos M, Bañares J, Martínez-Gomez M, Cusidó MS, Jiménez-Masip A, Francque SM, Tacke F, Minguez B, Pericàs JM. Phenotypes of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 22:1774-1789.e8. [PMID: 38604295 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2024.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) typically develops as a consequence of liver cirrhosis, but HCC epidemiology has evolved drastically in recent years. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, has emerged as the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and a leading cause of HCC. A substantial proportion of MASLD-associated HCC (MASLD-HCC) also can develop in patients without cirrhosis. The specific pathways that trigger carcinogenesis in this context are not elucidated completely, and recommendations for HCC surveillance in MASLD patients are challenging. In the era of precision medicine, it is critical to understand the processes that define the profiles of patients at increased risk of HCC in the MASLD setting, including cardiometabolic risk factors and the molecular targets that could be tackled effectively. Ideally, defining categories that encompass key pathophysiological features, associated with tailored diagnostic and treatment strategies, should facilitate the identification of specific MASLD-HCC phenotypes. In this review, we discuss MASLD-HCC, including its epidemiology and health care burden, the mechanistic data promoting MASLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, and MASLD-HCC. Its natural history, prognosis, and treatment are addressed specifically, as the role of metabolic phenotypes of MASLD-HCC as a potential strategy for risk stratification. The challenges in identifying high-risk patients and screening strategies also are discussed, as well as the potential approaches for MASLD-HCC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Rivera-Esteban
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Muñoz-Martínez
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Higuera
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sena
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Bermúdez-Ramos
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Department of Digestive Diseases, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Juan Bañares
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Martínez-Gomez
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Serra Cusidó
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Jiménez-Masip
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sven M Francque
- Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; InflaMed Centre of Excellence, Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Translational Sciences in Inflammation and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatriz Minguez
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan M Pericàs
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Karin M, Kim JY. MASH as an emerging cause of hepatocellular carcinoma: current knowledge and future perspectives. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38874196 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the deadliest and fastest-growing cancers. Among HCC etiologies, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has served as a major HCC driver due to its great potential for increasing cirrhosis. The obesogenic environment fosters a positive energy balance and results in a continuous rise of obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, it is difficult to understand how metabolic complications lead to the poor prognosis of liver diseases and which molecular mechanisms are underpinning MAFLD-driven HCC development. Thus, suitable preclinical models that recapitulate human etiologies are essentially required. Numerous preclinical models have been created but not many mimicked anthropometric measures and the course of disease progression shown in the patients. Here we review the literature on adipose tissues, liver-related HCC etiologies and recently discovered genetic mutation signatures found in MAFLD-driven HCC patients. We also critically review current rodent models suggested for MAFLD-driven HCC study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ju Youn Kim
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Korea
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3
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Ling C, Liu SS, Wang YY, Huo GT, Yang YW, Xu N, Wang H, Wu Y, Miao YF, Fu R, Zhao YW, Fan CF. Overexpression of wild-type HRAS drives non-alcoholic steatohepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. Zool Res 2024; 45:551-566. [PMID: 38757223 PMCID: PMC11188599 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a prevalent solid carcinoma of significant concern, is an aggressive and often fatal disease with increasing global incidence rates and poor therapeutic outcomes. The etiology and pathological progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related HCC is multifactorial and multistage. However, no single animal model can accurately mimic the full NASH-related HCC pathological progression, posing considerable challenges to transition and mechanistic studies. Herein, a novel conditional inducible wild-type human HRAS overexpressed mouse model (HRAS-HCC) was established, demonstrating 100% morbidity and mortality within approximately one month under normal dietary and lifestyle conditions. Advanced symptoms of HCC such as ascites, thrombus, internal hemorrhage, jaundice, and lung metastasis were successfully replicated in mice. In-depth pathological features of NASH- related HCC were demonstrated by pathological staining, biochemical analyses, and typical marker gene detections. Combined murine anti-PD-1 and sorafenib treatment effectively prolonged mouse survival, further confirming the accuracy and reliability of the model. Based on protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and RNA sequencing analyses, we speculated that overexpression of HRAS may initiate the THBS1-COL4A3 axis to induce NASH with severe fibrosis, with subsequent progression to HCC. Collectively, our study successfully duplicated natural sequential progression in a single murine model over a very short period, providing an accurate and reliable preclinical tool for therapeutic evaluations targeting the NASH to HCC continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ling
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing 102629, China
| | - Su-Su Liu
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing 102629, China
| | - Yu-Ya Wang
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing 102629, China
| | - Gui-Tao Huo
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing 100176, China
| | - Yan-Wei Yang
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing 100176, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Products Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing 102629, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Division of Laboratory Animal Monitoring, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing 102629, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing 102629, China
| | - Yu-Fa Miao
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing 100176, China
| | - Rui Fu
- Division of Laboratory Animal Monitoring, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing 102629, China
| | - Yu-Wei Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China. E-mail:
| | - Chang-Fa Fan
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing 102629, China. E-mail:
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Hansen HH, Pors S, Andersen MW, Vyberg M, Nøhr-Meldgaard J, Nielsen MH, Oró D, Madsen MR, Lewinska M, Møllerhøj MB, Madsen AN, Feigh M. Semaglutide reduces tumor burden in the GAN diet-induced obese and biopsy-confirmed mouse model of NASH-HCC with advanced fibrosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:23056. [PMID: 38155202 PMCID: PMC10754821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is emerging as a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, it is not resolved if compounds in late-stage clinical development for NASH may have additional therapeutic benefits in NASH-driven HCC (NASH-HCC). Here, we profiled monotherapy with semaglutide (glucagon-like-receptor-1 receptor agonist) and lanifibranor (pan-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist) in a diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse model of NASH-HCC. Disease progression was characterized in male C57BL/6 J mice fed the GAN (Gubra Amylin NASH) diet high in fat, fructose and cholesterol for 12-72 weeks (n = 15 per group). Other GAN DIO-NASH-HCC mice fed the GAN diet for 54 weeks and with biopsy-confirmed NASH (NAFLD Activity Score ≥ 5) and advanced fibrosis (stage F3) received vehicle (n = 16), semaglutide (30 nmol/kg, s.c., n = 15), or lanifibranor (30 mg/kg, p.o., n = 15) once daily for 14 weeks. GAN DIO-NASH-HCC mice demonstrated progressive NASH, fibrosis and HCC burden. Tumors presented with histological and molecular signatures of poor prognostic HCC. Consistent with clinical trial outcomes in NASH patients, both lanifibranor and semaglutide improved NASH while only lanifibranor reduced fibrosis in GAN DIO-NASH-HCC mice. Notably, only semaglutide reduced tumor burden in GAN DIO-NASH-HCC mice. In conclusion, the GAN DIO-NASH-HCC mouse is a clinical translational model of NASH-HCC. Semaglutide improves both NASH and tumor burden in GAN DIO-NASH-HCC mice, highlighting the suitability of this preclinical model for profiling novel drug therapies targeting NASH-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanne Pors
- Gubra, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, DK-2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | | | - Mogens Vyberg
- Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Denise Oró
- Gubra, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, DK-2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Feigh
- Gubra, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, DK-2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
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Romualdo GR, Heidor R, Bacil GP, Moreno FS, Barbisan LF. Past, present, and future of chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis rodent models: Perspectives concerning classic and new cancer hallmarks. Life Sci 2023; 330:121994. [PMID: 37543357 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the main primary liver cancer, accounts for 5 % of all incident cases and 8.4 % of all cancer-related deaths worldwide. HCC displays a spectrum of environmental risk factors (viral chronic infections, aflatoxin exposure, alcoholic- and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases) that result in molecular complexity and heterogeneity, contributing to a rising epidemiological burden, poor prognosis, and non-satisfactory treatment options. The emergence of HCC (i.e., hepatocarcinogenesis) is a multistep and complex process that addresses many (epi)genetic alterations and phenotypic traits, the so-called cancer hallmarks. "Polymorphic microbiomes", "epigenetic reprogramming", "senescent cells" and "unlocking phenotypic plasticity" are trending hallmarks/enabling features in cancer biology. As the main molecular drivers of HCC are still undruggable, chemically induced in vivo models of hepatocarcinogenesis are useful tools in preclinical research. Thus, this narrative review aimed at recapitulating the basic features of chemically induced rodent models of hepatocarcinogenesis, eliciting their permanent translational value regarding the "classic" and the "new" cancer hallmarks/enabling features. We gathered state-of-art preclinical evidence on non-cirrhotic, inflammation-, alcoholic liver disease- and nonalcoholic fatty liver-associated HCC models, demonstrating that these bioassays indeed express the recently added hallmarks, as well as reflect the interplay between classical and new cancer traits. Our review demonstrated that these protocols remain valuable for translational preclinical application, as they recapitulate trending features of cancer science. Further "omics-based" approaches are warranted while multimodel investigations are encouraged in order to avoid "model-biased" responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Ribeiro Romualdo
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Experimental Research Unit (UNIPEX), Multimodel Drug Screening Platform - Laboratory of Chemically Induced and Experimental Carcinogenesis (MDSP-LCQE), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biosciences Institute, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Chemically Induced and Experimental Carcinogenesis (LCQE), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Heidor
- University of São Paulo (USP), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Laboratory of Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Prata Bacil
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biosciences Institute, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Chemically Induced and Experimental Carcinogenesis (LCQE), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Salvador Moreno
- University of São Paulo (USP), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Laboratory of Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Barbisan
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Experimental Research Unit (UNIPEX), Multimodel Drug Screening Platform - Laboratory of Chemically Induced and Experimental Carcinogenesis (MDSP-LCQE), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biosciences Institute, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Chemically Induced and Experimental Carcinogenesis (LCQE), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Suzuki-Kemuriyama N, Abe A, Nakane S, Yuki M, Miyajima K, Nakae D. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-associated hepatocarcinogenesis in mice fed a modified choline-deficient, methionine-lowered, L-amino acid-defined diet and the role of signal changes. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287657. [PMID: 37535625 PMCID: PMC10399772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) can progress to cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The incidence of NASH-associated HCC is increasing, posing a serious public health threat. Unfortunately, the underlying pathological mechanisms, including the possible differences between neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions, remain largely unknown. Previously, we reported a dietary mouse NASH model with a choline-deficient, methionine-lowered, L-amino-acid-defined, high-fat diet containing shortening without trans fatty acids (CDAA-HF-T[-]), which rapidly induces fibrosis and proliferative lesions in the liver. This study aimed to develop a mouse CDAA-HF-T(-) model capable of assessing NASH-associated hepatocarcinogenesis and identifying key signaling factors involved in its underlying mechanisms. Multiple large masses, histopathologically hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas, and hemangiosarcomas were detected in the liver samples of mice fed CDAA-HF-T(-) for 52 or 63 weeks, along with highly advanced fibrosis and numerous foamy, phagocytic macrophages in the adjacent nontumoral area. Multiple metastatic nodules were found in the lungs of one of the animals, and lymphoid clusters were found in all CDAA-HF-T(-) group mice. In the Ingenuity Pathways Analysis of RNA expression data, the CDAA-HF-T(-) feeding revealed common signal changes in nontumoral and tumoral liver tissues, including increased IL-8 and RhoGTPases signaling and decreased lipid metabolism. Meanwhile, macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) expression levels were upregulated in nontumoral liver tissue from the end of Week 13 of CDAA-HF-T(-) feeding to the end of Week 63. On the other hand, MIP-2 was expressed on macrophages in non-tumor areas and hepatocytes in tumor areas. Therefore, the CDAA-HF-T(-) mouse model is useful for assessing NASH and NASH-associated hepatocarcinogenesis, and IL-8 signaling plays important roles in NASH-associated carcinogenesis and cirrhosis, but it may also play different roles in nontumoral liver tissue and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Suzuki-Kemuriyama
- Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akari Abe
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Graduate School of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sae Nakane
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Graduate School of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Yuki
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Graduate School of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Miyajima
- Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Graduate School of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dai Nakae
- Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Graduate School of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Health Care and Medical Sports, Department of Medical Sports, Teikyo Heisei University, Ichihara, Chiba, Japan
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7
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Helsley RN, Park SH, Vekaria HJ, Sullivan PG, Conroy LR, Sun RC, Romero MDM, Herrero L, Bons J, King CD, Rose J, Meyer JG, Schilling B, Kahn CR, Softic S. Ketohexokinase-C regulates global protein acetylation to decrease carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a-mediated fatty acid oxidation. J Hepatol 2023; 79:25-42. [PMID: 36822479 PMCID: PMC10679901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The consumption of sugar and a high-fat diet (HFD) promotes the development of obesity and metabolic dysfunction. Despite their well-known synergy, the mechanisms by which sugar worsens the outcomes associated with a HFD are largely elusive. METHODS Six-week-old, male, C57Bl/6 J mice were fed either chow or a HFD and were provided with regular, fructose- or glucose-sweetened water. Moreover, cultured AML12 hepatocytes were engineered to overexpress ketohexokinase-C (KHK-C) using a lentivirus vector, while CRISPR-Cas9 was used to knockdown CPT1α. The cell culture experiments were complemented with in vivo studies using mice with hepatic overexpression of KHK-C and in mice with liver-specific CPT1α knockout. We used comprehensive metabolomics, electron microscopy, mitochondrial substrate phenotyping, proteomics and acetylome analysis to investigate underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Fructose supplementation in mice fed normal chow and fructose or glucose supplementation in mice fed a HFD increase KHK-C, an enzyme that catalyzes the first step of fructolysis. Elevated KHK-C is associated with an increase in lipogenic proteins, such as ACLY, without affecting their mRNA expression. An increase in KHK-C also correlates with acetylation of CPT1α at K508, and lower CPT1α protein in vivo. In vitro, KHK-C overexpression lowers CPT1α and increases triglyceride accumulation. The effects of KHK-C are, in part, replicated by a knockdown of CPT1α. An increase in KHK-C correlates negatively with CPT1α protein levels in mice fed sugar and a HFD, but also in genetically obese db/db and lipodystrophic FIRKO mice. Mechanistically, overexpression of KHK-C in vitro increases global protein acetylation and decreases levels of the major cytoplasmic deacetylase, SIRT2. CONCLUSIONS KHK-C-induced acetylation is a novel mechanism by which dietary fructose augments lipogenesis and decreases fatty acid oxidation to promote the development of metabolic complications. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Fructose is a highly lipogenic nutrient whose negative consequences have been largely attributed to increased de novo lipogenesis. Herein, we show that fructose upregulates ketohexokinase, which in turn modifies global protein acetylation, including acetylation of CPT1a, to decrease fatty acid oxidation. Our findings broaden the impact of dietary sugar beyond its lipogenic role and have implications on drug development aimed at reducing the harmful effects attributed to sugar metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Helsley
- Department of Pediatrics and Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Se-Hyung Park
- Department of Pediatrics and Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Hemendra J Vekaria
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Patrick G Sullivan
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lindsey R Conroy
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ramon C Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Advanced Spatial Biomolecule Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - María Del Mar Romero
- School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Joanna Bons
- Chemistry & Mass Spectrometry, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Christina D King
- Chemistry & Mass Spectrometry, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Jacob Rose
- Chemistry & Mass Spectrometry, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Jesse G Meyer
- Chemistry & Mass Spectrometry, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA; Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Birgit Schilling
- Chemistry & Mass Spectrometry, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samir Softic
- Department of Pediatrics and Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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8
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Chen Y, Wang W, Morgan MP, Robson T, Annett S. Obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma: current status and therapeutic targets. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1148934. [PMID: 37361533 PMCID: PMC10286797 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1148934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic and overwhelming evidence indicates that it is a risk factor for numerous cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Obesity-associated hepatic tumorigenesis develops from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), progressing to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and ultimately to HCC. The rising incidence of obesity is resulting in an increased prevalence of NAFLD and NASH, and subsequently HCC. Obesity represents an increasingly important underlying etiology of HCC, in particular as the other leading causes of HCC such as hepatitis infection, are declining due to effective treatments and vaccines. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms and cellular signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated HCC. We summarize the preclinical experimental animal models available to study the features of NAFLD/NASH/HCC, and the non-invasive methods to diagnose NAFLD, NASH and early-stage HCC. Finally, since HCC is an aggressive tumor with a 5-year survival of less than 20%, we will also discuss novel therapeutic targets for obesity-associated HCC and ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinshuang Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weipeng Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Maria P. Morgan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tracy Robson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephanie Annett
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
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Abdelraheem KM, Younis NN, Shaheen MA, Elswefy SE, Ali SI. Raspberry ketone improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced in rats by modulating sphingosine kinase/sphingosine-1-phosphate and toll-like receptor 4 pathways. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023:7160323. [PMID: 37167472 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the therapeutic role of calorie-restricted diet (CR) and raspberry ketone (RK) in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the implication of sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK1)/sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signalling. METHODS NAFLD was induced by feeding rats high-fat-fructose-diet (HFFD) for 6 weeks. Rats were then randomly assigned to three groups (n = 6 each); NAFLD group continued on HFFD for another 8 weeks. CR group was switched to CR diet (25% calorie restriction) for 8 weeks and RK group was switched to normal diet and received RK (55 mg/kg/day; orally) for 8 weeks. Another six rats were used as normal control. KEY FINDINGS HFFD induced a state of NAFLD indicated by increased fat deposition in liver tissue along with dyslipidemia, elevated liver enzymes, oxidative stress and inflammation. Either CR diet or RK reversed these changes and decreased HFFD-induced elevation of hepatic SphK1, S1P, S1PR1 and TLR4. Of notice, RK along with a normal calorie diet was even better than CR alone in most studied parameters. CONCLUSIONS SphK1/S1P and TLR4 are interconnected and related to the establishment of HFFD-induced NAFLD and can be modulated by RK. Supplementation of RK without calorie restriction to patients with NAFLD unable to follow CR diet to achieve their treatment goals would be a promising therapeutic modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem M Abdelraheem
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University - Qantara Branch, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Nahla N Younis
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Shaheen
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sahar E Elswefy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Sciences and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Sousou I Ali
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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10
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Clasen F, Nunes PM, Bidkhori G, Bah N, Boeing S, Shoaie S, Anastasiou D. Systematic diet composition swap in a mouse genome-scale metabolic model reveals determinants of obesogenic diet metabolism in liver cancer. iScience 2023; 26:106040. [PMID: 36844450 PMCID: PMC9947310 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary nutrient availability and gene expression, together, influence tissue metabolic activity. Here, we explore whether altering dietary nutrient composition in the context of mouse liver cancer suffices to overcome chronic gene expression changes that arise from tumorigenesis and western-style diet (WD). We construct a mouse genome-scale metabolic model and estimate metabolic fluxes in liver tumors and non-tumoral tissue after computationally varying the composition of input diet. This approach, called Systematic Diet Composition Swap (SyDiCoS), revealed that, compared to a control diet, WD increases production of glycerol and succinate irrespective of specific tissue gene expression patterns. Conversely, differences in fatty acid utilization pathways between tumor and non-tumor liver are amplified with WD by both dietary carbohydrates and lipids together. Our data suggest that combined dietary component modifications may be required to normalize the distinctive metabolic patterns that underlie selective targeting of tumor metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Clasen
- Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Patrícia M. Nunes
- Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Gholamreza Bidkhori
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Nourdine Bah
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Science Technology Platform, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Stefan Boeing
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Science Technology Platform, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Saeed Shoaie
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23, 171 65 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dimitrios Anastasiou
- Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
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11
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Green CD, Spiegel S. Preclinical models of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis leading to hepatocellular carcinoma. Adv Biol Regul 2023; 87:100925. [PMID: 36706611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2022.100925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide and its incidence is increasing due to endemic obesity and the growing burden of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) associated liver cancer. Although much is known about the clinical and histological pathology of NASH-driven HCC in humans, its etiology remains unclear and there is a lack of reliable biomarkers and limited effective therapies. Progress has been hampered by the scarcity of standardized animal models that recapitulate the gradual progression of NASH towards HCC observed in humans. Here we review existing mouse models and their suitability for studying NASH-driven HCC with special emphasis on a preclinical model that we recently developed that faithfully mimics all the clinical endpoints of progression of the human disease. Moreover, it is highly translatable, allows the use of gene-targeted mice, and is suitable for gaining knowledge of how NASH progresses to HCC and development of new targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
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12
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Flessa CM, Nasiri-Ansari N, Kyrou I, Leca BM, Lianou M, Chatzigeorgiou A, Kaltsas G, Kassi E, Randeva HS. Genetic and Diet-Induced Animal Models for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Research. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415791. [PMID: 36555433 PMCID: PMC9780957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapidly increasing incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is noted worldwide due to the adoption of western-type lifestyles and eating habits. This makes the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive the pathogenesis of this chronic disease and the development of newly approved treatments of utmost necessity. Animal models are indispensable tools for achieving these ends. Although the ideal mouse model for human NAFLD does not exist yet, several models have arisen with the combination of dietary interventions, genetic manipulations and/or administration of chemical substances. Herein, we present the most common mouse models used in the research of NAFLD, either for the whole disease spectrum or for a particular disease stage (e.g., non-alcoholic steatohepatitis). We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each model, along with the challenges facing the researchers who aim to develop and use animal models for translational research in NAFLD. Based on these characteristics and the specific study aims/needs, researchers should select the most appropriate model with caution when translating results from animal to human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina-Maria Flessa
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Narjes Nasiri-Ansari
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kyrou
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
- Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Bianca M. Leca
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Maria Lianou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Gregory Kaltsas
- Endocrine Unit, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Eva Kassi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Endocrine Unit, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (H.S.R.)
| | - Harpal S. Randeva
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (H.S.R.)
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13
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Fornari F, Giovannini C, Piscaglia F, Gramantieri L. Animal Models of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Applications in Clinical Research. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2022; 9:1263-1278. [DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s347946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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14
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Phung HH, Lee CH. Mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and their application to new drug development. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:761-794. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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15
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Liu J, Yao B, Gao L, Zhang Y, Huang S, Wang X. Emerging role of carboxylesterases in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 205:115250. [PMID: 36130649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly recognized as a global public health problem. Carboxylesterases (CESs), as potential influencing factors of NAFLD, are very important to improve clinical outcomes. This review aims to deeply understand the role of CESs in the progression of NAFLD and proposes that CESs can be used as potential targets for NAFLD treatment. We first introduced CESs and analyzed the relationship between CESs and hepatic lipid metabolism and inflammation. Then, we further reviewed the regulation of nuclear receptors on CESs, including PXR, CAR, PPARα, HNF4α and FXR, which may influence the progression of NAFLD. Finally, we evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of existing NAFLD animal models and summarized the application of CES-related animal models in NAFLD research. In general, this review provides an overview of the relationship between CESs and NAFLD and discusses the role and potential value of CESs in the treatment and prevention of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingyi Yao
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangcai Gao
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengbo Huang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Ran X, Hu G, He F, Li K, Li F, Xu D, Liu J, Fu S. Phytic Acid Improves Hepatic Steatosis, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Fed Mice by Modulating the Gut-Liver Axis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11401-11411. [PMID: 36040330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by obesity is a grave threat to human health. Phytic acid (PA) is a natural compound found in high-fiber diets, such as soybeans. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of PA on obesity, hepatic lipid metabolism, and gut-liver axis homeostasis in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. PA was observed to significantly inhibit obesity and alleviate liver steatosis in mice. PA improved HFD-induced liver inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis. Moreover, PA improved HFD-induced colonic inflammation, gut barrier damage and systemic inflammation in mice. Furthermore, PA effectively ameliorated the decreased diversity and gut microbiota composition in HFD-fed mice. Additionally, PA decreased the abundance of harmful bacteria Proteobacteria and Desulfovibrionaceae and increased the abundance of probiotic bacteria Muribaculaceae and Lachnospiraceae. Thus, PA is effective in restoring the homeostasis of the gut-liver axis. It further provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD in patients with obesity by the rational intake of foods containing PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ran
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Guiqiu Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Fuding He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Kefei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Dianwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Juxiong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Shoupeng Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
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17
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Bathish B, Robertson H, Dillon JF, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Hayes JD. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and mechanisms by which it is ameliorated by activation of the CNC-bZIP transcription factor Nrf2. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:221-261. [PMID: 35728768 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) represents a global health concern. It is characterised by fatty liver, hepatocyte cell death and inflammation, which are associated with lipotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, iron overload and oxidative stress. NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that combats oxidative stress. Remarkably, Nrf2 is downregulated during the development of NASH, which probably accelerates disease, whereas in pre-clinical studies the upregulation of Nrf2 inhibits NASH. We now review the scientific literature that proposes Nrf2 downregulation during NASH involves its increased ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation, mediated by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and/or β-transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP) and/or HMG-CoA reductase degradation protein 1 (Hrd1, also called synoviolin (SYVN1)). Additionally, downregulation of Nrf2-mediated transcription during NASH may involve diminished recruitment of coactivators by Nrf2, due to increased levels of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65, or competition for promoter binding due to upregulation of BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach1). Many processes that downregulate Nrf2 are triggered by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), with oxidative stress amplifying its signalling. Oxidative stress may also increase suppression of Nrf2 by β-TrCP through facilitating formation of the DSGIS-containing phosphodegron in Nrf2 by glycogen synthase kinase-3. In animal models, knockout of Nrf2 increases susceptibility to NASH, while pharmacological activation of Nrf2 by inducing agents that target Keap1 inhibits development of NASH. These inducing agents probably counter Nrf2 downregulation affected by β-TrCP, Hrd1/SYVN1, ATF3, NF-κB p65 and Bach1, by suppressing oxidative stress. Activation of Nrf2 is also likely to inhibit NASH by ameliorating lipotoxicity, inflammation, ER stress and iron overload. Crucially, pharmacological activation of Nrf2 in mice in which NASH has already been established supresses liver steatosis and inflammation. There is therefore compelling evidence that pharmacological activation of Nrf2 provides a comprehensive multipronged strategy to treat NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boushra Bathish
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Holly Robertson
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - John F Dillon
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - John D Hayes
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK.
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18
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Green CD, Weigel C, Brown RDR, Bedossa P, Dozmorov M, Sanyal AJ, Spiegel S. A new preclinical model of western diet-induced progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22372. [PMID: 35639028 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200346r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) results from the accumulation of excessive liver lipids leading to hepatocellular injury, inflammation, and fibrosis that greatly increase the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite the well-characterized clinical and histological pathology for NASH-driven HCC in humans, its etiology remains unclear and there is a deficiency in pre-clinical models that recapitulate the progression of the human disease. Therefore, we developed a new mouse model amenable to genetic manipulations and gene targeting that mimics the gradual NASH to HCC progression observed in humans. C57BL/6NJ mice were fed a Western high-fat diet and sugar water (HFD/SW) and monitored for effects on metabolism, liver histology, tumor development, and liver transcriptome for up to 54 weeks. Chronic HFD/SW feeding led to significantly increased weight gain, serum and liver lipid levels, liver injury, and glucose intolerance. Hepatic pathology progressed and mice developed hepatocellular ballooning, inflammation, and worse fibrosis was apparent at 16 weeks, greatly increased through 32 weeks, and remained elevated at 54 weeks. Importantly, hepatocellular cancer spontaneously developed in 75% of mice on HFD/SW, half of which were HCC, whereas none of the mice on the chow diet developed HCC. Chronic HFD/SW induced molecular markers of de novo lipogenesis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and accumulation of p62, all of which also participate in the human pathology. Moreover, transcriptome analysis revealed activation of HCC-related genes and signatures associated with poor prognosis of human HCC. Overall, we have identified a new preclinical model that recapitulates known hallmarks of NASH-driven HCC that can be utilized for future molecular mechanistic studies of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Cynthia Weigel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ryan D R Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Pierre Bedossa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Liverpat, Paris, France
| | - Mikhail Dozmorov
- Departments of Biostatistics and Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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19
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Varani J, McClintock SD, Knibbs RN, Harber I, Zeidan D, Jawad-Makki MAH, Aslam MN. Liver Protein Expression in NASH Mice on a High-Fat Diet: Response to Multi-Mineral Intervention. Front Nutr 2022; 9:859292. [PMID: 35634402 PMCID: PMC9130755 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.859292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Male MS-NASH mice were maintained on a high-fat diet for 16 weeks with and without red algae-derived minerals. Obeticholic acid (OCA) was used as a comparator in the same strain and diet. C57BL/6 mice maintained on a standard (low-fat) rodent chow diet were used as a control. At the end of the in-life portion of the study, body weight, liver weight, liver enzyme levels and liver histology were assessed. Samples obtained from individual livers were subjected to Tandem Mass Tag labeling / mass spectroscopy for protein profile determination. As compared to mice maintained on the low-fat diet, all high-fat-fed mice had increased whole-body and liver weight, increased liver enzyme (aminotransferases) levels and widespread steatosis / ballooning hepatocyte degeneration. Histological evidence for liver inflammation and collagen deposition was also present, but changes were to a lesser extent. A moderate reduction in ballooning degeneration and collagen deposition was observed with mineral supplementation. Control mice on the high-fat diet alone demonstrated multiple protein changes associated with dysregulated fat and carbohydrate metabolism, lipotoxicity and oxidative stress. Cholesterol metabolism and bile acid formation were especially sensitive to diet. In mice receiving multi-mineral supplementation along with the high-fat diet, there was reduced liver toxicity as evidenced by a decrease in levels of several cytochrome P450 enzymes and other oxidant-generating moieties. Additionally, elevated expression of several keratins was also detected in mineral-supplemented mice. The protein changes observed with mineral supplementation were not seen with OCA. Our previous studies have shown that mice maintained on a high-fat diet for up to 18 months develop end-stage liver injury including hepatocellular carcinoma. Mineral-supplemented mice were substantially protected against tumor formation and other end-state consequences of high-fat feeding. The present study identifies early (16-week) protein changes occurring in the livers of the high-fat diet-fed mice, and how the expression of these proteins is influenced by mineral supplementation. These findings help elucidate early protein changes that contribute to end-stage liver injury and potential mechanisms by which dietary minerals may mitigate such damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Varani
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Shannon D McClintock
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Randall N Knibbs
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Isabelle Harber
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Dania Zeidan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Muhammad N Aslam
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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20
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Rahimi S, Angaji SA, Majd A, Hatami B, Baghaei K. A fast and accurate mouse model for inducing non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2022; 15:406-414. [PMID: 36762217 PMCID: PMC9876774 DOI: 10.22037/ghfbb.v15i4.2593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to perform a head-to-head comparison of changes during NASH progression throughout 6-11 weeks of an experiment to supply a faster nutritional model in mimicking NASH to decrease the duration and cost of in vivo studies. Background New therapies are urgently needed because of the growing prevalence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and the lack of an effective treatment approach. Currently, dietary interventions are the most efficient options. Methods This study compared features of NASH in a murine model using protocol that combined special nutritional regimes based on the combination of 21.1% fat, 41% sucrose, and 1.25% cholesterol with weekly intraperitoneal injections of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Male C57BL/6J mice received either special compositions + CCl4 (NASH group) or standard chow diet (healthy control group) for 11 weeks. Liver histopathology based on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's Trichrome (TC) staining and biochemical analyses were used to assess disease progression. Results In C57BL/6J mice administered a high fat, high cholesterol, high sucrose diet and CCl4 for 8 weeks, steatohepatitis with pronounced hepatocyte ballooning, inflammation, steatosis, and fibrosis was observed. According to the NAFLD activity scoring system, the maximum NAS score was manifested after 8-9 weeks (NAS score: 6.75). Following this protocol also led to a significant increase in AST and ALT, total cholesterol, and total triglyceride serum levels in the NASH group. Conclusion Following the special nutritional regime based on high fat, cholesterol, and sucrose in combination with CCL4 injections resulted in a NASH model using C57BL/6J mice in a shorter time compared to similar studies. The obtained histopathological NASH features can be advantageous for preclinical drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Rahimi
- Department of Genetic, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Abdolhamid Angaji
- Department of Genetic, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran , Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Majd
- Department of Biology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Hatami
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Hymel E, Vlock E, Fisher KW, Farazi PA. Differential progression of unhealthy diet-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in obese and non-obese mice. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272623. [PMID: 35994501 PMCID: PMC9394802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ranks first among liver diseases in Western countries. NAFLD is typically associated with obesity and diabetes, however it also develops in lean individuals without metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of lean NAFLD is 7 percent in the U.S. and 25-30 percent in some Asian countries. NAFLD starts with excess liver fat accumulation (NAFL), progresses to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The pathogenesis of lean NASH-HCC and how it differs from obese NASH-HCC is not well understood. METHODS In this work, we generated a mouse model of lean and obese NASH-HCC using a choline deficient/high trans-fat/fructose/cholesterol diet and a choline supplemented/high trans-fat/fructose/cholesterol diet, respectively, to compare progression to NASH-HCC in lean versus obese mice. Comparisons were made at the organismal, histological, and molecular level by investigating fatty acid metabolism in the plasma of these mice. RESULTS Obese mice showed more pronounced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, higher levels of plasma cholesterol and triglycerides, and higher penetrance of NASH compared to lean mice. Despite the abnormal metabolic profile of obese mice, male obese and lean mice developed HCC with similar penetrance (53.3% and 53.8%, respectively), albeit lean mice showed faster tumor progression as evidenced by the larger tumor size and lower HCC-free survival. None of the female lean mice developed HCC, while 50% of female obese mice developed HCC. Both groups of mice showed a reduction in plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), however, the levels were higher towards the endpoint in obese mice compared to lean mice. CONCLUSIONS Unhealthy diet composition appears to drive progression to NASH-HCC rather than the organismal effects of obesity. PUFA levels may increase due to systemic inflammation in obese mice and act as suppressors of tumor progression, thus delaying HCC progression in obese mice compared to lean mice. These models could be used to further dissect the molecular pathogenesis of lean and obese NASH-HCC and address the mechanisms whereby PUFAs may be implicated in hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Hymel
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Vlock
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- Nebraska Center for the Prevention of Obesity Diseases through Dietary Molecules, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Kurt W. Fisher
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Paraskevi A. Farazi
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- Nebraska Center for the Prevention of Obesity Diseases through Dietary Molecules, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Gu CY, Lee TKW. Preclinical mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma: An overview and update. Exp Cell Res 2022; 412:113042. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Radhakrishnan S, Yeung SF, Ke JY, Antunes MM, Pellizzon MA. Considerations When Choosing High-Fat, High-Fructose, and High-Cholesterol Diets to Induce Experimental Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Laboratory Animal Models. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab138. [PMID: 34993389 PMCID: PMC8718327 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is intricately linked to metabolic disease (including obesity, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance) and encompasses a spectrum of disorders including steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and fibrosis. Rodents consuming high-fat (HF; ∼40 kcal% fat including fats containing higher concentrations of saturated and trans fats), high-fructose (HFr), and high-cholesterol (HC) diets display many clinically relevant characteristics of NASH, along with other metabolic disorders. C57BL/6 mice are the most commonly used animal model because they can develop significant metabolic disorders including severe NASH with fibrosis after months of feeding, but other models also are susceptible. The significant number of diets that contain these different factors (i.e., HF, HFr, and HC), either alone or in combination, makes the choice of diet difficult. This methodology review describes the efficacy of these nutrient manipulations on the NAFLD phenotype in mice, rats, guinea pigs, hamsters, and nonhuman primates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jia-Yu Ke
- Research Diets, Inc., New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Maísa M Antunes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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24
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Romualdo GR, Leroy K, Costa CJS, Prata GB, Vanderborght B, da Silva TC, Barbisan LF, Andraus W, Devisscher L, Câmara NOS, Vinken M, Cogliati B. In Vivo and In Vitro Models of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Strategies for Translational Modeling. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5583. [PMID: 34771745 PMCID: PMC8582701 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related death globally. HCC is a complex multistep disease and usually emerges in the setting of chronic liver diseases. The molecular pathogenesis of HCC varies according to the etiology, mainly caused by chronic hepatitis B and C virus infections, chronic alcohol consumption, aflatoxin-contaminated food, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease associated with metabolic syndrome or diabetes mellitus. The establishment of HCC models has become essential for both basic and translational research to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology and unravel new molecular drivers of this disease. The ideal model should recapitulate key events observed during hepatocarcinogenesis and HCC progression in view of establishing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to be translated into clinical practice. Despite considerable efforts currently devoted to liver cancer research, only a few anti-HCC drugs are available, and patient prognosis and survival are still poor. The present paper provides a state-of-the-art overview of in vivo and in vitro models used for translational modeling of HCC with a specific focus on their key molecular hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Ribeiro Romualdo
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (G.R.R.); (C.J.S.C.); (T.C.d.S.)
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (G.B.P.); (L.F.B.)
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Kaat Leroy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (K.L.); (M.V.)
| | - Cícero Júlio Silva Costa
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (G.R.R.); (C.J.S.C.); (T.C.d.S.)
| | - Gabriel Bacil Prata
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (G.B.P.); (L.F.B.)
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Bart Vanderborght
- Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Liver Research Center Ghent, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Hepatology Research Unit, Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Tereza Cristina da Silva
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (G.R.R.); (C.J.S.C.); (T.C.d.S.)
| | - Luís Fernando Barbisan
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (G.B.P.); (L.F.B.)
| | - Wellington Andraus
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinics Hospital, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil;
| | - Lindsey Devisscher
- Hepatology Research Unit, Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (K.L.); (M.V.)
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (G.R.R.); (C.J.S.C.); (T.C.d.S.)
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25
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Fructose Consumption and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Promotion. LIVERS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/livers1040020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 85% of primary liver cancer, the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Its incidence has been increasing in both men and women. In Western countries, high-calorie diets, mainly rich in carbohydrates such as fructose, represent a significant concern due to their repercussions on the population’s health. A high-fructose diet is related to the development of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD), formerly named Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), and the progression of HCC as it potentiates the lipogenic pathway and the accumulation of lipids. However, fructose metabolism seems to be different between the stages of the disease, carrying out a metabolic reprogramming to favor the proliferation, inflammation, and metastatic properties of cancer cells in HCC. This review focuses on a better understanding of fructose metabolism in both scenarios: MAFLD and HCC.
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26
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Dongiovanni P, Meroni M, Longo M, Fargion S, Fracanzani AL. Genetics, Immunity and Nutrition Boost the Switching from NASH to HCC. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1524. [PMID: 34829753 PMCID: PMC8614742 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading contributor to the global burden of chronic liver diseases. The phenotypic umbrella of NAFLD spans from simple and reversible steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may worsen into cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Notwithstanding, HCC may develop also in the absence of advanced fibrosis, causing a delayed time in diagnosis as a consequence of the lack of HCC screening in these patients. The precise event cascade that may precipitate NASH into HCC is intricate and it entails diverse triggers, encompassing exaggerated immune response, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and oxidative stress, organelle derangement and DNA aberrancies. All these events may be accelerated by both genetic and environmental factors. On one side, common and rare inherited variations that affect hepatic lipid remodeling, immune microenvironment and cell survival may boost the switching from steatohepatitis to liver cancer, on the other, diet-induced dysbiosis as well as nutritional and behavioral habits may furtherly precipitate tumor onset. Therefore, dietary and lifestyle interventions aimed to restore patients' health contribute to counteract NASH progression towards HCC. Even more, the combination of therapeutic strategies with dietary advice may maximize benefits, with the pursuit to improve liver function and prolong survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Dongiovanni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
| | - Marica Meroni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
| | - Miriam Longo
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Fargion
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
| | - Anna Ludovica Fracanzani
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
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27
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Roglans N, Baena M, Sangüesa G, Velázquez AM, Griñán-Ferré C, Pallàs M, Sánchez RM, Alegret M, Laguna JC. Chronic liquid fructose supplementation does not cause liver tumorigenesis but elicits clear sex differences in the metabolic response in Sprague-Dawley rats. Food Nutr Res 2021; 65:7670. [PMID: 34650394 PMCID: PMC8494264 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v65.7670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has increased over the last decades and may evolve into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As HCC is challenging to treat, knowledge on the modifiable risk factors for NAFLD/HCC (e.g. hyper caloric diets rich in fructose) is essential. Objective and design We used a model of diethyl nitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis to investigate the liver cancer-promoting effects of a diet supplemented with 10% liquid fructose, administered to male and female rats for 11 months. A subset of the fructose-supplemented rats received resveratrol (RVT) in the last 4 months of treatment. Results and discussion Rat livers showed no de visu or histological evidence of liver tumorigenesis. However, we observed metabolic abnormalities that could be related to cancer development mainly in the female fructose-supplemented rats, such as increases in weight, adiposity and hepatic triglyceride levels, as well as hyperglycaemia, hyperuricemia, hyperleptinemia and a reduced insulin sensitivity index, which were partially reversed by RVT. Therefore, we performed a targeted analysis of 84 cancer-related genes in the female liver samples, which revealed expression changes associated with cancer-related pathways. Analysis of individual genes indicated that some changes increased the risk of hepatocarcinogenesis (Sfrp2, Ccl5, Socs3, and Gstp1), while others exerted a protective/preventive effect (Bcl2 and Cdh1). Conclusion Our data clearly demonstrate that chronic fructose supplementation, as the sole dietary intervention, does not cause HCC development in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Roglans
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Baena
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Sangüesa
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Magdalena Velázquez
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Griñán-Ferré
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neuroscience (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neuroscience (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa María Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Alegret
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Laguna
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
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28
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Im YR, Hunter H, de Gracia Hahn D, Duret A, Cheah Q, Dong J, Fairey M, Hjalmarsson C, Li A, Lim HK, McKeown L, Mitrofan CG, Rao R, Utukuri M, Rowe IA, Mann JP. A Systematic Review of Animal Models of NAFLD Finds High-Fat, High-Fructose Diets Most Closely Resemble Human NAFLD. Hepatology 2021; 74:1884-1901. [PMID: 33973269 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Animal models of human disease are a key component of translational hepatology research, yet there is no consensus on which model is optimal for NAFLD. APPROACH AND RESULTS We generated a database of 3,920 rodent models of NAFLD. Study designs were highly heterogeneous, and therefore, few models had been cited more than once. Analysis of genetic models supported the current evidence for the role of adipose dysfunction and suggested a role for innate immunity in the progression of NAFLD. We identified that high-fat, high-fructose diets most closely recapitulate the human phenotype of NAFLD. There was substantial variability in the nomenclature of animal models: a consensus on terminology of specialist diets is needed. More broadly, this analysis demonstrates the variability in preclinical study design, which has wider implications for the reproducibility of in vivo experiments both in the field of hepatology and beyond. CONCLUSIONS This systematic analysis provides a framework for phenotypic assessment of NAFLD models and highlights the need for increased standardization and replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ri Im
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Harriet Hunter
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dana de Gracia Hahn
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Amedine Duret
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Qinrong Cheah
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jiawen Dong
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Madison Fairey
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alice Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hong Kai Lim
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lorcán McKeown
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Raunak Rao
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mrudula Utukuri
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ian A Rowe
- Leeds Institute for Medical Research and Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jake P Mann
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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29
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Cao Y, Fan L, Li L, Zhou J. Propofol suppresses cell proliferation in gastric cancer cells through NRF2-mediated polyol pathway. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 49:264-274. [PMID: 34570396 PMCID: PMC9299175 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Propofol, a widely used short‐acting intravenous sedative agent, has gradually gained attention due to the tumour‐suppressing role and non‐anaesthetic effect. Dysfunction of metabolic reprogramming has been recognised as a well‐documented factor for tumour progression. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of propofol on the polyol pathway in gastric cancer cells. In this study, we found that propofol treatment led to a significant downregulation of cell proliferation in BGC823 and GES‐1 cells, which was attributed to the decreased AR‐mediated polyol pathway. Both aldo‐keto reductase family 1, member B1 (AKR1B1) and AKR1B10 were significantly reduced in BGC823 and GES‐1 cells in response to propofol stimulation, leading to decreased AR activity and sorbitol level. Addition of sorbitol could reverse the inhibitory effect of propofol on cell proliferation. Mechanically, propofol treatment drastically inhibited phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (NRF2), subsequently decreased the binding of NRF2 to AR promoter. Overexpression of NRF2 resulted in the recovery of AR expression in gastric cancer cell with propofol treatment. Taken together, these finding showed that propofol suppressed cell proliferation in BGC823 and GES‐1 cell through NRF2‐mediated polyol pathway, which would aid the selection of sedation for patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Cao
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhuhai Center for Maternal and Child Health Care, Zhuhai, China
| | - Long Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai Center for Maternal and Child Health Care, Zhuhai, China
| | - Linkai Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai Center for Maternal and Child Health Care, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jiexian Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhuhai Center for Maternal and Child Health Care, Zhuhai, China
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30
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Zaki MYW, Mahdi AK, Patman GL, Whitehead A, Maurício JP, McCain MV, Televantou D, Abou-Beih S, Ramon-Gil E, Watson R, Cox C, Leslie J, Wilson C, Govaere O, Lunec J, Mann DA, Nakjang S, Oakley F, Shukla R, Anstee QM, Tiniakos D, Reeves HL. Key features of the environment promoting liver cancer in the absence of cirrhosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16727. [PMID: 34408183 PMCID: PMC8373870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rising, even in the absence of cirrhosis. We aimed to develop a murine model that would facilitate further understanding of NAFLD-HCC pathogenesis. A total of 144 C3H/He mice were fed either control or American lifestyle (ALIOS) diet, with or without interventions, for up to 48 weeks of age. Gross, liver histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RNA-sequencing data were interpreted alongside human datasets. The ALIOS diet promoted obesity, elevated liver weight, impaired glucose tolerance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and spontaneous HCC. Liver weight, fasting blood glucose, steatosis, lobular inflammation and lipogranulomas were associated with development of HCC, as were markers of hepatocyte proliferation and DNA damage. An antioxidant diminished cellular injury, fibrosis and DNA damage, but not lobular inflammation, lipogranulomas, proliferation and HCC development. An acquired CD44 phenotype in macrophages was associated with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD-HCC. In this diet induced NASH and HCC (DINAH) model, key features of obesity associated NAFLD-HCC have been reproduced, highlighting roles for hepatic steatosis and proliferation, with the acquisition of lobular inflammation and CD44 positive macrophages in the development of HCC-even in the absence of progressive injury and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Youssef William Zaki
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Khairallah Mahdi
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Gillian Lucinda Patman
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Anna Whitehead
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - João Pais Maurício
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Misti Vanette McCain
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Despina Televantou
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Sameh Abou-Beih
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Erik Ramon-Gil
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Robyn Watson
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Charlotte Cox
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jack Leslie
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Caroline Wilson
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Olivier Govaere
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - John Lunec
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Derek Austin Mann
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Sirintra Nakjang
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Fiona Oakley
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Ruchi Shukla
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Quentin Mark Anstee
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Liver Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Dina Tiniakos
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Aretaieion Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Helen Louise Reeves
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
- Liver Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK.
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Zhou J, Zhao Y, Guo YJ, Zhao YS, Liu H, Ren J, Li JR, Ji ES. A rapid juvenile murine model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): Chronic intermittent hypoxia exacerbates Western diet-induced NASH. Life Sci 2021; 276:119403. [PMID: 33785339 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Many dietary NASH models require a long duration to establish (4-6 months). Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), a cardinal hallmark of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), may accelerate the progression of pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, diet-induced obese (DIO) mice exposed to CIH have not been perceived as a fast or reliable tool in NASH research. This study was designed to establish a rapid juvenile murine NASH model, and determine whether the combination of CIH and a western-style diet (hypercaloric fatty diet plus high fructose) can fully display key pathologic features of NASH. METHODS C57BL/6 N mice (3 weeks old) fed a control diet or western diet (WD) were exposed to CIH (9% nadir of inspired oxygen levels) or room air for 6 and 12 weeks. KEY FINDINGS The Control/CIH group mainly exhibited hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance (IR). In contrast, mice fed a WD developed weight gain after 3 weeks, microvesicular steatosis in 6 weeks, and indices of metabolic disorders at 12 weeks. Furthermore, CIH exposure accelerated WD- induced macromicrovesicular steatosis (liver triglycerides and de novo lipogenesis), liver injury (ballooned hepatocytes and liver enzymes), lobular/portal inflammation (inflammatory cytokines and macrophage recruitment), and fibrogenesis (hydroxyproline content and TGF-β protein). Notably, only the WD/CIH group exhibited elevated hepatic MDA content, protein levels of NOX4, α-SMA and collagen I, as well as reduced Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expression. SIGNIFICANCE WD/CIH treatment rapidly mimics the histological characteristics of pediatric NASH with metabolic dysfunction and fibrosis, representing an appropriate experimental model for NASH research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Department of pharmacology, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ya-Jing Guo
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ya-Shuo Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jie-Ru Li
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - En-Sheng Ji
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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32
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Liver Cancer: Therapeutic Challenges and the Importance of Experimental Models. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 2021:8837811. [PMID: 33728291 PMCID: PMC7937489 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8837811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the main causes of death related to cancer worldwide; its etiology is related with infections by C or B hepatitis virus, alcohol consumption, smoking, obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, and iron overload, among other causes. Several kinds of primary liver cancer occur, but we will focus on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Numerous cellular signaling pathways are implicated in hepatocarcinogenesis, including YAP-HIPPO, Wnt-β-catenin, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB); these in turn are considered novel therapeutic targets. In this review, the role of lipid metabolism regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in the development of HCC will also be discussed. Moreover, recent evidence has been obtained regarding the participation of epigenetic changes such as acetylation and methylation of histones and DNA methylation in the development of HCC. In this review, we provide detailed and current information about these topics. Experimental models represent useful tools for studying the different stages of liver cancer and help to develop new pharmacologic treatments. Each model in vivo and in vitro has several characteristics and advantages to offer for the study of this disease. Finally, the main therapies approved for the treatment of HCC patients, first- and second-line therapies, are described in this review. We also describe a novel option, pirfenidone, which due to its pharmacological properties could be considered in the future as a therapeutic option for HCC treatment.
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Li S, Jiao S, Zhang S, Zhou J. Revisional Surgeries of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:575-588. [PMID: 33603423 PMCID: PMC7882429 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s295162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery has become increasingly common due to the worldwide obesity epidemic. A shift from open to laparoscopic surgery, specifically, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), has occurred in the last two decades because of the low morbidity and mortality rates of LSG. Although LSG is a promising treatment option for patients with morbid obesity due to restrictive and endocrine mechanisms, it requires modifications for a subset of patients because of weight regain and tough complications, such as gastroesophageal reflux, strictures, gastric leak, and persistent metabolic syndrome., Revision surgeries have become more and more indispensable in bariatric surgery, accounting for 7.4% in 2016. Mainstream revisional bariatric surgeries after LSG include Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, repeated sleeve gastrectomy, biliopancreatic diversion, duodenal switch, duodenal-jejunal bypass, one-anastomosis gastric bypass, single anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass (SAID) and transit bipartition. This review mainly describes the revisional surgeries of LSG, including the indication, choice of surgical method, and subsequent effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siqi Jiao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siwei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangjiao Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jiangjiao Zhou Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China Email
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Tenen DG, Chai L, Tan JL. Metabolic alterations and vulnerabilities in hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2021; 9:1-13. [PMID: 33747521 PMCID: PMC7962738 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is a serious disease. It is ranked as the cancer with the second highest number of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which arises from transformed hepatocytes, is the major subtype of liver cancer. It accounts for 85% of total liver-cancer cases. An important aspect of HCC that has been actively studied is its metabolism. With the liver as the primary site of numerous metabolic processes in the body, it has been shown that the metabolism of HCC cells is highly dysregulated compared to that of normal hepatocytes. It is therefore crucial to understand the metabolic alterations caused by HCC and the underlying mechanisms for these alterations. This deeper understanding will allow diagnostic and therapeutic advancements in the treatment of HCC. In this review, we will summarize the current literature in HCC metabolic alterations, induced vulnerabilities, and potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Tenen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li Chai
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin L Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
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Nahon P, Allaire M, Nault JC, Paradis V. Characterizing the mechanism behind the progression of NAFLD to hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepat Oncol 2020; 7:HEP36. [PMID: 33680428 PMCID: PMC7907968 DOI: 10.2217/hep-2020-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) developed in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) individuals presents substantial clinical and biological characteristics, which remain to be elucidated. Its occurrence in noncirrhotic patients raises issues regarding surveillance strategies, which cannot be considered as cost-effective given the high prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome, and furthermore delineates specific oncogenic process that could be targeted in the setting of primary or secondary prevention. In this context, the identification of a genetic heterogeneity modulating HCC risk as well as specific biological pathways have been made possible through genome-wide association studies, development of animal models and in-depth analyses of human samples at the pathological and genomic levels. These advances must be confirmed and pursued to pave the way for personalized management of NAFLD-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Nahon
- APHP, Service d’Hépatologie, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Bondy
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Universitaire d’Hématologie, Paris, France
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, Médecine, Biologie Humaine, Bobigny, France
| | - Manon Allaire
- APHP, Service d’Hépatologie, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Centre de recherche sur l’inflammation, Inserm-UMR1149, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Charles Nault
- APHP, Service d’Hépatologie, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Bondy
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Universitaire d’Hématologie, Paris, France
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, Médecine, Biologie Humaine, Bobigny, France
| | - Valérie Paradis
- APHP, Service d’Anatomopathologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation (CRI), Paris F-75890, France
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Harris SE, Poolman TM, Arvaniti A, Cox RD, Gathercole LL, Tomlinson JW. The American lifestyle-induced obesity syndrome diet in male and female rodents recapitulates the clinical and transcriptomic features of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 319:G345-G360. [PMID: 32755310 PMCID: PMC7509261 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00055.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma remain poorly understood. Additionally, there is increasing recognition of the extrahepatic manifestations associated with NAFLD and NASH. We demonstrate that intervention with the American lifestyle-induced obesity syndrome (ALIOS) diet in male and female mice recapitulates many of the clinical and transcriptomic features of human NAFLD and NASH. Male and female C57BL/6N mice were fed either normal chow (NC) or ALIOS from 11 to 52 wk and underwent comprehensive metabolic analysis throughout the duration of the study. From 26 wk, ALIOS-fed mice developed features of hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. ALIOS-fed mice also had an increased incidence of hepatic tumors at 52 wk compared with those fed NC. Hepatic transcriptomic analysis revealed alterations in multiple genes associated with inflammation and tissue repair in ALIOS-fed mice. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis confirmed dysregulation of metabolic pathways as well as those associated with liver disease and cancer. In parallel the development of a robust hepatic phenotype, ALIOS-fed mice displayed many of the extrahepatic manifestations of NAFLD, including hyperlipidemia, increased fat mass, sarcopenia, and insulin resistance. The ALIOS diet in mice recapitulates many of the clinical features of NAFLD and, therefore, represents a robust and reproducible model for investigating the pathogenesis of NAFLD and its progression.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects 30% of the general population and can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and potentially hepatocellular carcinoma. Preclinical models rely on mouse models that often display hepatic characteristics of NAFLD but rarely progress to NASH and seldom depict the multisystem effects of the disease. We have conducted comprehensive metabolic analysis of both male and female mice consuming a Western diet of trans fats and sugar, focusing on both their hepatic phenotype and extrahepatic manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley E. Harris
- 1Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Toryn M. Poolman
- 1Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasia Arvaniti
- 1Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,2Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Roger D. Cox
- 3Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Laura L. Gathercole
- 1Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,2Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy W. Tomlinson
- 1Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Nevzorova YA, Boyer-Diaz Z, Cubero FJ, Gracia-Sancho J. Animal models for liver disease - A practical approach for translational research. J Hepatol 2020; 73:423-440. [PMID: 32330604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Animal models are crucial for improving our understanding of human pathogenesis, enabling researchers to identify therapeutic targets and test novel drugs. In the current review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the most widely used experimental models of chronic liver disease, starting from early stages of fatty liver disease (non-alcoholic and alcoholic) to steatohepatitis, advanced cirrhosis and end-stage primary liver cancer. We focus on aspects such as reproducibility and practicality, discussing the advantages and weaknesses of available models for researchers who are planning to perform animal studies in the near future. Additionally, we summarise current and prospective models based on human tissue bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A Nevzorova
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Zoe Boyer-Diaz
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Unit, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Liver Bioservices, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Cubero
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain; Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology & ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Unit, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Liver Bioservices, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain; Hepatology, Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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38
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Vlock EM, Karanjit S, Talmon G, Farazi PA. Reduction of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids with Tumor Progression in a Lean Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Mouse Model. J Cancer 2020; 11:5536-5546. [PMID: 32913449 PMCID: PMC7477439 DOI: 10.7150/jca.48495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in Western countries. While obesity and diabetes are the hallmarks of NAFLD, it also develops in lean individuals in the absence of metabolic syndrome, with a prevalence of 7 percent in the U.S. and 25-30 percent in some Asian countries. NAFLD represents the spectrum of liver disease, starting with excess liver fat accumulation (NAFL) that can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and ultimately hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To date, the pathogenesis of lean NASH-HCC is poorly understood and a mouse model is lacking. We aimed to develop a mouse model of lean NASH-HCC using a choline deficient and high trans-fat/sucrose/cholesterol diet to enable better understanding of its molecular pathogenesis. Methods: C57BL/6N mice were fed this diet starting at 4 weeks of age for 52 weeks and were compared to mice fed an isocaloric low fat control diet for the same duration. C57BL/6N mice were chosen instead of the C57BL/6J mice due to the high susceptibility of C57BL/6J mice to diet-induced obesity. The plasma and tumor fatty acid profile of these mice was also investigated. Results: Nearly 61% of the mice developed lean NASH-HCC. These mice showed reduction of plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (linolenic acids (α and γ, ω-3 and ω-6, respectively), eicosapentanoic acid (ω-3), docosahexanoic acid (ω-3), and linoleic acid (ω-6)) and increasing levels over time in mice with pre-malignant lesions. Conclusions: We developed a novel high penetrance diet-induced lean NASH-HCC mouse model. Plasma PUFA levels were reduced with tumor progression in parallel with reduced expression of genes controlling desaturase expression suggesting their potential use as biomarkers for lean NASH-HCC progression as well as chemopreventive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Vlock
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Nebraska Center for the Prevention of Obesity Diseases through Dietary Molecules, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Shilpa Karanjit
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Paraskevi A Farazi
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Nebraska Center for the Prevention of Obesity Diseases through Dietary Molecules, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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Lequoy M, Gigante E, Couty JP, Desbois-Mouthon C. Hepatocellular carcinoma in the context of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): recent advances in the pathogenic mechanisms. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2020; 41:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2019-0044/hmbci-2019-0044.xml. [PMID: 32112699 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2019-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer. HCC is particularly aggressive and is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality. In recent decades, the epidemiological landscape of HCC has undergone significant changes. While chronic viral hepatitis and excessive alcohol consumption have long been identified as the main risk factors for HCC, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), paralleling the worldwide epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes, has become a growing cause of HCC in the US and Europe. Here, we review the recent advances in epidemiological, genetic, epigenetic and pathogenic mechanisms as well as experimental mouse models that have improved the understanding of NASH progression toward HCC. We also discuss the clinical management of patients with NASH-related HCC and possible therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lequoy
- Service d'Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie, AP-HP, F-75012 Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Elia Gigante
- Service d'Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie, AP-HP, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Couty
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Christèle Desbois-Mouthon
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMR_S1138, 15 rue de l'école de médecine, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France
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Shen Y, Risch H, Lu L, Ma X, Irwin ML, Lim JK, Taddei T, Pawlish K, Stroup A, Brown R, Wang Z, Jia W, Wong L, Mayne ST, Yu H. Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the northeast of the United States: results of a case-control study. Cancer Causes Control 2020; 31:321-332. [PMID: 32060838 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-020-01277-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE HCC incidence has been continuously rising in the US for the past 30 years. To understand the increase in HCC risk, we conducted a case-control study in Connecticut, New Jersey and part of New York City. METHODS Through rapid case ascertainment and random digit dialing, we recruited 673 incident HCC patients and 1,166 controls. Information on demographic and anthropometric characteristics, lifestyle factors, medical and family cancer histories, were ascertained through telephone interviews using a structured questionnaire. Saliva specimens were collected for testing hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies. Unconditional logistic regression models were utilized to calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to determine HCC associations with risk factors. RESULTS The study confirmed that HCV infection and obesity were important risk factors for HCC, ORs 110 (95% CI 59.2-204) and 2.13 (95% CI 1.52-3.00), respectively. High BMI and HCV infection had synergy in association with elevated HCC risk. Patients both obese and infected with HCV had HCC detected on average nearly 10 years earlier than those with neither factor. Diabetes, cigarette smoking and heavy alcohol intake were all associated with increased risk of HCC, whereas aspirin and other NSAID use were associated with reduced risk. HCC cases tended to attain less education, with lower household incomes, unmarried, and to have had more sexual partners than the controls. CONCLUSIONS Individuals at risk of HCC in the US comprise a unique population with low socioeconomic status and unhealthy lifestyle choices. Given the multifactorial nature, a comprehensive approach is needed in HCC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shen
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Harvey Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Melinda L Irwin
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joseph K Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tamar Taddei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Karen Pawlish
- New Jersey State Cancer Registry, New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton, NJ, USA
| | - Antoinette Stroup
- Rutgers Cancer Institute, Rutgers School of Public Health, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Robert Brown
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhanwei Wang
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Wei Jia
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Linda Wong
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Susan T Mayne
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Herbert Yu
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
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Wei G, An P, Vaid KA, Nasser I, Huang P, Tan L, Zhao S, Schuppan D, Popov YV. Comparison of murine steatohepatitis models identifies a dietary intervention with robust fibrosis, ductular reaction, and rapid progression to cirrhosis and cancer. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 318:G174-G188. [PMID: 31630534 PMCID: PMC6985845 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00041.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Progressive fibrosis, functional liver failure, and cancer are the central liver-related outcomes of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) but notoriously difficult to achieve in mouse models. We performed a direct, quantitative comparison of hepatic fibrosis progression in well-defined methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) and choline-deficient, amino-acid defined (CDAA) diets with increasing fat content (10-60% by calories) in C57Bl/6J and BALB/cAnNCrl mice. In C57Bl/6J mice, MCD feeding resulted in moderate fibrosis at week 8 (up to twofold increase in total hepatic collagen content) and progressive weight loss irrespective of dietary fat. In contrast, CDAA-fed mice did not lose weight and developed progressive fibrosis starting from week 4. High dietary fat in the CDAA diet model induced the lipid metabolism genes for sterol regulatory element-binding protein and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-2 and increased ductular reaction and fibrosis in a dose-dependent manner. Longitudinal analysis of CDAA with 60% fat (HF-CDAA) feeding revealed pronounced ductular reaction and perisinusoidal bridging fibrosis, with a sevenfold increase of hepatic collagen at week 12, which showed limited spontaneous reversibility. At 24 wk, HF-CDAA mice developed signs of cirrhosis with pan-lobular "chicken wire" fibrosis, 10-fold hydroxyproline increase, regenerative nodules, portal hypertension and elevated serum bilirubin and ammonia levels; 80% of mice (8/10) developed multiple glypican-3- and/or glutamine synthetase-positive hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). High-fat (60%) supplementation of MCD in C57Bl/6J or feeding the HF-CDAA diet fibrosis-prone BALB/cAnNCrl strain failed to result in increased fibrosis. In conclusion, HF-CDAA feeding in C57Bl/6J mice was identified as an optimal model of steatohepatitis with robust fibrosis and ductular proliferations that progress to cirrhosis and HCC within 24 wk. This robust model will aid the testing of interventions and drugs for severe NASH.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Via quantitative comparison of several dietary models, we report HF-CDAA feeding in C57Bl/6 mice as an excellent model recapitulating several key aspects of fibrotic NASH: 1) robust, poorly reversible liver fibrosis, 2) prominent ductular reaction, and 3) progression to cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and liver cancer within 24 wk. High fat dose-dependently activates SREBP2/SCD2 genes and drives liver fibrosis in e HF-CDAA model. These features qualify the model as a robust and practical tool to study mechanisms and novel treatments addressing severe human NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyan Wei
- 1Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ping An
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,3Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kahini A. Vaid
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Imad Nasser
- 4Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pinzhu Huang
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,5Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Tan
- 1Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shuangshuang Zhao
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,6Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yury V. Popov
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Satriano L, Lewinska M, Rodrigues PM, Banales JM, Andersen JB. Metabolic rearrangements in primary liver cancers: cause and consequences. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 16:748-766. [PMID: 31666728 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary liver cancer (PLC) is the fourth most frequent cause of cancer-related death. The high mortality rates arise from late diagnosis and the limited accuracy of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The liver is a major regulator, orchestrating the clearance of toxins, balancing glucose, lipid and amino acid uptake, managing whole-body metabolism and maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Tumour onset and progression is frequently accompanied by rearrangements of metabolic pathways, leading to dysregulation of metabolism. The limitation of current therapies targeting PLCs, such as hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma, points towards the importance of deciphering this metabolic complexity. In this Review, we discuss the role of metabolic liver disruptions and the implications of these processes in PLCs, emphasizing their clinical relevance and value in early diagnosis and prognosis and as putative therapeutic targets. We also describe system biology approaches able to reconstruct the metabolic complexity of liver diseases. We also discuss whether metabolic rearrangements are a cause or consequence of PLCs, emphasizing the opportunity to clinically exploit the rewired metabolism. In line with this idea, we discuss circulating metabolites as promising biomarkers for PLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Satriano
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Monika Lewinska
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pedro M Rodrigues
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain.,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Ashfaq-Khan M, Aslam M, Qureshi MA, Senkowski MS, Yen-Weng S, Strand S, Kim YO, Pickert G, Schattenberg JM, Schuppan D. Dietary wheat amylase trypsin inhibitors promote features of murine non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17463. [PMID: 31767938 PMCID: PMC6877510 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that a common dietary protein component, wheat amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATI), stimulate intestinal macrophages and dendritic cells via toll like receptor 4. Activation of these intestinal myeloid cells elicits an inflammatory signal that is propagated to mesenteric lymph nodes, and that can facilitate extraintestinal inflammation. Mice were fed a well-defined high fat diet, with (HFD/ATI) or without (HFD) nutritionally irrelevant amounts of ATI. Mice on HFD/ATI developed only mild signs of intestinal inflammation and myeloid cell activation but displayed significantly higher serum triglycerides and transaminases compared to mice on HFD alone. Moreover, they showed increased visceral and liver fat, and a higher insulin resistance. ATI feeding promoted liver and adipose tissue inflammation, with M1-type macrophage polarization and infiltration, and enhanced liver fibrogenesis. Gluten, the major protein component of wheat, did not induce these pathologies. Therefore, wheat ATI ingestion in minute quantities comparable to human daily wheat consumption exacerbated features of the metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, despite its irrelevant caloric value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ashfaq-Khan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Misbah Aslam
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Muhammad Asif Qureshi
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcel Sascha Senkowski
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Shih Yen-Weng
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Strand
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yong Ook Kim
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Geethanjali Pickert
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jörn M Schattenberg
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany. .,Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Golonka R, Yeoh BS, Vijay-Kumar M. Dietary Additives and Supplements Revisited: The Fewer, the Safer for Liver and Gut Health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 5:303-316. [PMID: 32864300 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-019-00187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The supplementation of dietary additives into processed foods has exponentially increased in the past few decades. Similarly, the incidence rates of various diseases, including metabolic syndrome, gut dysbiosis and hepatocarcinogenesis, have been elevating. Current research reveals that there is a positive association between food additives and these pathophysiological diseases. This review highlights the research published within the past 5 years that elucidate and update the effects of dietary supplements on liver and intestinal health. Recent Findings Some of the key findings include: enterocyte dysfunction of fructose clearance causes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); non-caloric sweeteners are hepatotoxic; dietary emulsifiers instigate gut dysbiosis and hepatocarcinogenesis; and certain prebiotics can induce cholestatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in gut dysbiotic mice. Overall, multiple reports suggest that the administration of purified, dietary supplements could cause functional damage to both the liver and gut. Summary The extraction of bioactive components from natural resources was considered a brilliant method to modulate human health. However, current research highlights that such purified components may negatively affect individuals with microbiotal dysbiosis, resulting in a deeper break of the symbiotic relationship between the host and gut microbiota, which can lead to repercussions on gut and liver health. Therefore, ingestion of these dietary additives should not go without some caution!
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Golonka
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- Graduate Program in Immunology & Infectious Disease, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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Perdomo CM, Frühbeck G, Escalada J. Impact of Nutritional Changes on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030677. [PMID: 30901929 PMCID: PMC6470750 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major global health threat due to its growing incidence and prevalence. It is becoming the leading cause of liver disease in addition to its strong association with cardio-metabolic disease. Therefore, its prevention and treatment are of strong public interest. Therapeutic approaches emphasize lifestyle modifications including physical activity and the adoption of healthy eating habits that intend to mainly control body weight and cardio-metabolic risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome. Lifestyle interventions may be reinforced by pharmacological treatment in advanced stages, though there is still no registered drug for the specific treatment of NAFLD. The purpose of this review is to assess the evidence available regarding the impact of dietary recommendations against NAFLD, highlighting the effect of macronutrient diet composition and dietary patterns in the management of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina M Perdomo
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Escalada
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Levy CDS, Costa FGDB, Faria DDP, Stefano JT, Cogliati B, Oliveira CP. 18F-FDG PET/CT AS AN ASSESSMENT TOOL OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA SECONDARY TO NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE DEVELOPMENT IN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2019; 56:45-50. [PMID: 31141073 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.201900000-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can be the last step of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) evolution. Experimental models are crucial to elucidate the pathogenesis of HCC secondary to NAFLD. The 2-deoxy-2-(18F)fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) plays an important role in evaluating HCC development and progression. OBJECTIVE To standardize the imaging method of PET/CT with 18F-FDG as an evaluation tool of the experimental model of HCC secondary to NAFLD. METHODS Ten male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with choline-deficient high-fat diet and diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in the drinking water for 16 weeks and then received 1 mL of saline solution (0.9%) daily by gavage for three weeks. At the 16th and 19th weeks, abdominal ultrasonography (USG) was performed. 18F-FDG PET/CT images were obtained before the beginning of experiment (week 0) and at the end (week 19). Histological and immunohistochemically analysis were also performed. RESULTS The USG results showed a homogeneous group at the 16th week with an average of 4.6±2.74 nodules per animal. At the 19th week, PET/CT findings demonstrated an average of 8.5±3.7 nodules per animal. The mean values of SUVmed and SUVmax were 2.186±0.1698 and 3.8±1.74, respectively. The average number of nodules per animal in the histological analysis was 5.5±1.5. From all nodules, 4.6% were classified as well-differentiated HCC and 81.8% were classified as poorly-differentiated HCC. CONCLUSION 18F-FDG PET/CT was able to evaluate the development of HCC in an experimental model of NAFLD non-invasively. From the standardization of PET/CT in this model, it is possible to use this tool in future studies to monitor, in vivo and non-invasively, the progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio de Souza Levy
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Gastroenterologia (LIM-07) e Laboratório de Medicina Nuclear (LIM-43), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia. Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Patologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Fernando Gomes de Barros Costa
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Gastroenterologia (LIM-07) e Laboratório de Medicina Nuclear (LIM-43), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia. Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Patologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Daniele de Paula Faria
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Gastroenterologia (LIM-07) e Laboratório de Medicina Nuclear (LIM-43), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia. Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Patologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Jose Tadeu Stefano
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Gastroenterologia (LIM-07) e Laboratório de Medicina Nuclear (LIM-43), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia. Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Patologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Gastroenterologia (LIM-07) e Laboratório de Medicina Nuclear (LIM-43), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia. Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Patologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Claudia P Oliveira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Gastroenterologia (LIM-07) e Laboratório de Medicina Nuclear (LIM-43), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia. Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Patologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Nier A, Brandt A, Rajcic D, Bruns T, Bergheim I. Short-Term Isocaloric Intake of a Fructose- but not Glucose-Rich Diet Affects Bacterial Endotoxin Concentrations and Markers of Metabolic Health in Normal Weight Healthy Subjects. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1800868. [PMID: 30570214 PMCID: PMC6590154 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Dietary pattern and impairments of intestinal barrier function are discussed to be critical in the development of metabolic impairments. Here, it is determined if an isocaloric exchange of complex carbohydrates with monosaccharides affects markers of intestinal permeability and metabolic health in healthy subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS After a dietary standardization for 4 days, all 12 subjects aged 21-33 years receive an isocaloric fructose- and glucose-enriched diet for 3 days separated by a wash-out phase. Anthropometry, blood pressure, markers of intestinal permeability and metabolic as well as inflammatory parameters are determined in blood samples or isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected at baseline, after standardizations and the monosaccharide interventions, respectively. While anthropometric and inflammatory parameters are not changed, the intake of an isocaloric fructose- but not glucose-enriched diet is associated with a significant increase of bacterial endotoxin plasma levels and alanine aminotransferase activity in serum, while total plasma nitrate/nitrite concentrations are significantly decreased. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Toll like receptors 4, 2, and MYD88 mRNA expressions are significantly induced after the fructose-rich but not the glucose-rich diet. CONCLUSION In metabolically healthy subjects, even a short-term intake of a fructose-rich diet can elevate bacterial endotoxin levels and change markers of liver health and vascular endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Nier
- Department of Nutritional SciencesMolecular Nutritional ScienceUniversity of Vienna1090ViennaAustria
- SD Model Systems of Molecular NutritionInstitute of NutritionFriedrich–Schiller University Jena07743JenaGermany
| | - Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional SciencesMolecular Nutritional ScienceUniversity of Vienna1090ViennaAustria
- SD Model Systems of Molecular NutritionInstitute of NutritionFriedrich–Schiller University Jena07743JenaGermany
| | - Dragana Rajcic
- Department of Nutritional SciencesMolecular Nutritional ScienceUniversity of Vienna1090ViennaAustria
| | - Tony Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine IVUniversity Hospital Jena07743JenaGermany
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional SciencesMolecular Nutritional ScienceUniversity of Vienna1090ViennaAustria
- SD Model Systems of Molecular NutritionInstitute of NutritionFriedrich–Schiller University Jena07743JenaGermany
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most fatal and fastest-growing cancers. Recently, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has been recognized as a major HCC catalyst. However, it is difficult to decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of NASH and understand how it progresses to HCC by studying humans. Progress in this field depends on the availability of reliable preclinical models amenable to genetic and functional analyses and exhibiting robust NASH-to-HCC progression. Although numerous mouse models of NASH have been described, many do not faithfully mimic the human disease and few reliably progress to HCC. Here, we review current literature on the molecular etiology of NASH-related HCC and critically evaluate existing mouse models and their suitability for studying this malignancy. We also compare human transcriptomic and histopathological profiles with data from MUP-uPA mice, a reliable model of NASH-driven HCC that has been useful for evaluation of HCC-targeting immunotherapies.
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Sales RC, Medeiros PC, Spreafico F, de Velasco PC, Gonçalves FKA, Martín-Hernández R, Mantilla-Escalante DC, Gil-Zamorano J, Peres WAF, de Souza SAL, Dávalos A, Tavares do Carmo MG. Olive Oil, Palm Oil, and Hybrid Palm Oil Distinctly Modulate Liver Transcriptome and Induce NAFLD in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010008. [PMID: 30577497 PMCID: PMC6337378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent worldwide. The most severe form is nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Among risk factors for the development of NAFLD is excessive lipid intake. Since palm (P) oil is the most consumed oil in the world, we aimed to investigate the effects of high-fat diets made with P oil, hybrid palm (HP) oil, or olive (O) oil in liver. Twenty-four male mice (C57Bl/6J) were fed a high-fat diet (41% fat) containing P, HP, or O oils for 8 weeks and compared to a control (C) group fed a chow diet. Adiposity was measured with computed tomography. Body, adipose tissue, and liver weights, as well as liver fat (Bligh–Dyer), blood lipid profile, glucose, and liver enzymes were measured. Liver histology (hematoxylin–eosin) and transcriptome (microarray-based) were performed. ANOVA tests with Newman–Keuls were used. Body weight was increased in the P group (p < 0.001) and body fat in the O group (C vs. O p ≤ 0.01, P vs. O p ≤ 0.05, HP vs. O p ≤ 0.05). All high-fat diets disturbed the blood lipid profile and glucose, with marked effects of HP on very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL), triglycerides, and alkaline phosphatase (p ≤ 0.001). HP had the highest liver fat (42.76 ± 1.58), followed by P (33.94 ± 1.13). O had a fat amount comparable to C (16.46 ± 0.34, 14.71 ± 0.70, respectively). P and HP oils induced hepatocyte ballooning. Transcriptome alterations of the O group were related to amino acid metabolism and fatty acid (FA) metabolism, the P group to calcium ion homeostasis, and HP oil to protein localization. Both P and HP oils induced NASH in mice via disturbed hepatocyte transcription. This raises concerns about the content of these oils in several industrialized foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael C Sales
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Priscylla C Medeiros
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21044-020, Brazil.
| | - Flavia Spreafico
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Patrícia C de Velasco
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda K A Gonçalves
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Roberto Martín-Hernández
- GENYAL Platform on Nutrition and Health, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Diana C Mantilla-Escalante
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Judit Gil-Zamorano
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Wilza A F Peres
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Sergio A L de Souza
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21044-020, Brazil.
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria G Tavares do Carmo
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
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Xu S, Zhu W, Wan Y, Wang J, Chen X, Pi L, Lobo MK, Ren B, Ying Z, Morris M, Cao Q. Decreased Taurine and Creatine in the Thalamus May Relate to Behavioral Impairments in Ethanol-Fed Mice: A Pilot Study of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Mol Imaging 2018; 17:1536012117749051. [PMID: 29318932 PMCID: PMC5768247 DOI: 10.1177/1536012117749051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is highly prevalent, observed in up to 80% of patients with liver dysfunction. Minimal hepatic encephalopathy is defined as hepatic encephalopathy with cognitive deficits and no grossly evident neurologic abnormalities. Clinical management may be delayed due to the lack of in vivo quantitative methods needed to reveal changes in brain neurobiochemical biomarkers. To gain insight into the development of alcoholic liver disease–induced neurological dysfunction (NDF), a mouse model of late-stage alcoholic liver fibrosis (LALF) was used to investigate changes in neurochemical levels in the thalamus and hippocampus that relate to behavioral changes. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain and behavioral testing were performed to determine neurochemical alterations and their relationships to behavioral changes in LALF. Glutamine levels were higher in both the thalamus and hippocampus of alcohol-treated mice than in controls. Thalamic levels of taurine and creatine were significantly diminished and strongly correlated with alcohol-induced behavioral changes. Chronic long-term alcohol consumption gives rise to advanced liver fibrosis, neurochemical changes in the nuclei, and behavioral changes which may be linked to NDF. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy represents a sensitive and noninvasive measurement of pathological alterations in the brain, which may provide insight into the pathogenesis underlying the development of MHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Xu
- 1 Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- 1 Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yamin Wan
- 1 Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,2 The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - JiaBei Wang
- 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- 4 McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Liya Pi
- 5 The Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mary Kay Lobo
- 6 Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bin Ren
- 7 Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Zhekang Ying
- 8 The Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Morris
- 1 Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qi Cao
- 1 Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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