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Yassaghi Y, Nazerian Y, Ghasemi M, Nazerian A, Sayehmiri F, Perry G, Gholami Pourbadie H. Microglial modulation as a therapeutic strategy in Alzheimer's disease: Focus on microglial preconditioning approaches. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18554. [PMID: 39103747 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive disease that causes an impairment of learning and memory. Despite the highly complex pathogenesis of AD, amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formation are the main hallmarks of AD. Neuroinflammation also has a crucial role in the development of AD. As the central nervous system's innate immune cells, microglial cells are activated in AD and induce inflammation by producing pro-inflammatory mediators. However, microglial activation is not always deleterious. M2-activated microglial cells are considered anti-inflammatory cells, which develop neuroprotection. Various approaches are proposed for managing AD, yet no effective therapy is available for this disorder. Considering the potential protective role of M2 microglia in neurodegenerative disorders and the improvement of these disorders by preconditioning approaches, it can be suggested that preconditioning of microglial cells may be beneficial for managing AD progression. Therefore, this study review microglial preconditioning approaches for preventing and improving AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Yassaghi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Nazerian
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobina Ghasemi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Sayehmiri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - George Perry
- Department of Neuroscience, Development, and Regenerative Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Mirshekar M, Haghighat S, Mousavi Z, Abdolghaffari AH, Yazdi MH. Monophosphoryl lipid A as a co-adjuvant in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus vaccine development: improvement of immune responses in a mouse model of infection. Immunol Res 2024; 72:490-502. [PMID: 38383811 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-024-09456-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
To increase the effectiveness of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus vaccines (MRSA), a new generation of immune system stimulating adjuvants is necessary, along with other adjuvants. In some vaccines, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) as a toll-like receptor 4 agonist is currently used as an adjuvant or co-adjuvant. MPLA could increase the immune response and vaccine immunogenicity. The current investigation assessed the immunogenicity and anti-MRSA efficacy of recombinant autolysin formulated in MPLA and Alum as co-adjuvant/adjuvant. r-Autolysin was expressed and purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and characterized by SDS-PAGE. Then, the vaccine candidate formulation in MPLAs and Alum was prepared. To investigate the immunogenic responses, total IgG, isotype (IgG1 and IgG2a) levels, and cytokines (IL-4, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) profiles were evaluated by ELISA. Also, the bacterial burden in internal organs, opsonophagocytosis, survival rate, and pathobiology changes was compared among the groups. Results demonstrated that mice immunized with the r-Autolysin + Alum + MPLA Synthetic and r-Autolysin + Alum + MPLA Biologic led to increased levels of opsonic antibodies, IgG1, IgG2a isotype as well as increased levels of cytokines profiles, as compared with other experimental groups. More importantly, mice immunized with MPLA and r-Autolysin exhibited a decrease in mortality and bacterial burden, as compared with the control group. The highest level of survival was seen in the r-Autolysin + Alum + MPLA Synthetic group. We concluded that both MPLA forms, synthetic and biological, are reliable candidates for immune response improvement against MRSA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mirshekar
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh Haghighat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Mousavi
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Yazdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Park JK, Kim M, Jung JI, Kim JY, Jeong H, Park JW, Winthrop KL, Lee EB. Immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety of two-dose adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in South Korea: a single-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. THE LANCET. RHEUMATOLOGY 2024; 6:e352-e360. [PMID: 38710192 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(24)00084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine has shown good efficacy and safety in the general population. However, its effectiveness has not been comprehensively assessed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of the adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine in patients with SLE. METHODS This single-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, trial was done at the rheumatology outpatient clinic at Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea. Patients (aged ≥19 years) with clinically stable SLE and previous exposure (≥4 weeks) to immunosuppressive drugs were randomly assigned (4:1) via a central interactive web response system to receive herpes zoster subunit vaccine or placebo (0·5 mL intramuscular injection) at weeks 0 and 8. Investigators and participants were masked to intervention and group assignment. Anti-glycoprotein E antibody titres and glycoprotein E-specific cell-mediated vaccine responses were evaluated at baseline and at week 8 after the first dose, and at week 4, week 26, and week 52 after the second dose using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Reactogenicity, SLE disease activity, including Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 and British Isles Lupus Assessment Group-flare rate, were examined. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with a positive humoral vaccine response 4 weeks after the second dose. The primary and safety analyses were done in a modified intention-to-treat population. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06001606. FINDINGS Between June 14, and July 19, 2023, 65 patients with SLE were enrolled, of whom 52 were randomly assigned to the herpes zoster subunit vaccine and 13 to placebo. 49 patients in the vaccine group and 11 patients in the placebo group were included in the modified intention-to-treat population. 56 (93%) of 60 patients were women and four (7%) were men. Mean age was 48·7 years (SD 11·4). The proportion of participants with a humoral vaccine response at 4 weeks after the second dose was significantly higher in the vaccine group (48 [98%] of 49 participants) than the placebo group (none [0%] of 11 patients; p<0·0001). More patients in the vaccine group than placebo group reported injection site reactions (42 patients vs two patients), fever (ten vs none), and fatigue (26 vs two). There were no differences in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 and British Isles Lupus Assessment Group-flare rates between the groups. There were no treatment-related deaths. INTERPRETATION The herpes zoster subunit vaccine induces humoral and cellular immunity against herpes zoster with a good safety profile in patients with SLE. A larger study is warranted to assess the efficacy of vaccines to prevent herpes zoster in patients with SLE. FUNDING Ministry of Science and ICT, The Government of the Republic of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kyun Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Miriam Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji In Jung
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heejin Jeong
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Won Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kevin L Winthrop
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Eun Bong Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Verma A, Hawes CE, Elizaldi SR, Smith JC, Rajasundaram D, Pedersen GK, Shen X, Williams LD, Tomaras GD, Kozlowski PA, Amara RR, Iyer SS. Tailoring T fh profiles enhances antibody persistence to a clade C HIV-1 vaccine in rhesus macaques. eLife 2024; 12:RP89395. [PMID: 38385642 PMCID: PMC10942585 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
CD4 T follicular helper cells (Tfh) are essential for establishing serological memory and have distinct helper attributes that impact both the quantity and quality of the antibody response. Insights into Tfh subsets that promote antibody persistence and functional capacity can critically inform vaccine design. Based on the Tfh profiles evoked by the live attenuated measles virus vaccine, renowned for its ability to establish durable humoral immunity, we investigated the potential of a Tfh1/17 recall response during the boost phase to enhance persistence of HIV-1 Envelope (Env) antibodies in rhesus macaques. Using a DNA-prime encoding gp160 antigen and Tfh polarizing cytokines (interferon protein-10 (IP-10) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)), followed by a gp140 protein boost formulated in a cationic liposome-based adjuvant (CAF01), we successfully generated germinal center (GC) Tfh1/17 cells. In contrast, a similar DNA-prime (including IP-10) followed by gp140 formulated with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) +QS-21 adjuvant predominantly induced GC Tfh1 cells. While the generation of GC Tfh1/17 cells with CAF01 and GC Tfh1 cells with MPLA +QS-21 induced comparable peak Env antibodies, the latter group demonstrated significantly greater antibody concentrations at week 8 after final immunization which persisted up to 30 weeks (gp140 IgG ng/ml- MPLA; 5500; CAF01, 2155; p<0.05). Notably, interferon γ+Env-specific Tfh responses were consistently higher with gp140 in MPLA +QS-21 and positively correlated with Env antibody persistence. These findings suggest that vaccine platforms maximizing GC Tfh1 induction promote persistent Env antibodies, important for protective immunity against HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Verma
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Chase E Hawes
- Graduate Group in Immunology, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Sonny R Elizaldi
- Graduate Group in Immunology, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Justin C Smith
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansUnited States
| | - Dhivyaa Rajasundaram
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | | | - Xiaoying Shen
- Center for Human Systems ImmunologyDurhamUnited States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - LaTonya D Williams
- Center for Human Systems ImmunologyDurhamUnited States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Center for Human Systems ImmunologyDurhamUnited States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - Pamela A Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansUnited States
| | - Rama R Amara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Smita S Iyer
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
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5
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Slezak A, Chang K, Hossainy S, Mansurov A, Rowan SJ, Hubbell JA, Guler MO. Therapeutic synthetic and natural materials for immunoengineering. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1789-1822. [PMID: 38170619 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00805c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Immunoengineering is a rapidly evolving field that has been driving innovations in manipulating immune system for new treatment tools and methods. The need for materials for immunoengineering applications has gained significant attention in recent years due to the growing demand for effective therapies that can target and regulate the immune system. Biologics and biomaterials are emerging as promising tools for controlling immune responses, and a wide variety of materials, including proteins, polymers, nanoparticles, and hydrogels, are being developed for this purpose. In this review article, we explore the different types of materials used in immunoengineering applications, their properties and design principles, and highlight the latest therapeutic materials advancements. Recent works in adjuvants, vaccines, immune tolerance, immunotherapy, and tissue models for immunoengineering studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Slezak
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Kevin Chang
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Samir Hossainy
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Aslan Mansurov
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Stuart J Rowan
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Hubbell
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Mustafa O Guler
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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Moni SS, Abdelwahab SI, Jabeen A, Elmobark ME, Aqaili D, Ghoal G, Oraibi B, Farasani AM, Jerah AA, Alnajai MMA, Mohammad Alowayni AMH. Advancements in Vaccine Adjuvants: The Journey from Alum to Nano Formulations. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1704. [PMID: 38006036 PMCID: PMC10674458 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is a groundbreaking approach in preventing and controlling infectious diseases. However, the effectiveness of vaccines can be greatly enhanced by the inclusion of adjuvants, which are substances that potentiate and modulate the immune response. This review is based on extensive searches in reputable databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The goal of this review is to provide a thorough analysis of the advances in the field of adjuvant research, to trace the evolution, and to understand the effects of the various adjuvants. Historically, alum was the pioneer in the field of adjuvants because it was the first to be approved for use in humans. It served as the foundation for subsequent research and innovation in the field. As science progressed, research shifted to identifying and exploiting the potential of newer adjuvants. One important area of interest is nano formulations. These advanced adjuvants have special properties that can be tailored to enhance the immune response to vaccines. The transition from traditional alum-based adjuvants to nano formulations is indicative of the dynamism and potential of vaccine research. Innovations in adjuvant research, particularly the development of nano formulations, are a promising step toward improving vaccine efficacy and safety. These advances have the potential to redefine the boundaries of vaccination and potentially expand the range of diseases that can be addressed with this approach. There is an optimistic view of the future in which improved vaccine formulations will contribute significantly to improving global health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar S. Moni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.J.)
| | | | - Aamena Jabeen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.J.)
| | - Mohamed Eltaib Elmobark
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.J.)
| | - Duaa Aqaili
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gassem Ghoal
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Oraibi
- Medical Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia (B.O.)
| | | | - Ahmed Ali Jerah
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahdi Mohammed A. Alnajai
- General Directorate of Health Services and University Hospital, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
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Verma A, Hawes CE, Elizaldi SR, Smith JC, Rajasundaram D, Pedersen GK, Shen X, Williams LD, Tomaras GD, Kozlowski PA, Amara RR, Iyer SS. Tailoring Tfh Profiles Enhances Antibody Persistence to a Clade C HIV-1 Vaccine in Rhesus Macaques. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.18.549515. [PMID: 37503150 PMCID: PMC10370132 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.18.549515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
CD4 T follicular helper cells (Tfh) are essential for establishing serological memory and have distinct helper attributes that impact both the quantity and quality of the antibody response. Insights into Tfh subsets that promote antibody persistence and functional capacity can critically inform vaccine design. Based on the Tfh profiles evoked by the live attenuated measles virus vaccine, renowned for its ability to establish durable humoral immunity, we investigated the potential of a Tfh1/17 recall response during the boost phase to enhance persistence of HIV-1 Envelope (Env) antibodies in rhesus macaques. Using a DNA-prime encoding gp160 antigen and Tfh polarizing cytokines (interferon protein-10 (IP-10) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)), followed by a gp140 protein boost formulated in a cationic liposome-based adjuvant (CAF01), we successfully generated germinal center (GC) Tfh1/17 cells. In contrast, a similar DNA-prime (including IP-10) followed by gp140 formulated with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA)+QS-21 adjuvant predominantly induced GC Tfh1 cells. While the generation of GC Tfh1/17 cells with CAF01 and GC Tfh1 cells with MPLA+QS-21 induced comparable peak Env antibodies, the latter group demonstrated significantly greater antibody concentrations at week 8 after final immunization which persisted up to 30 weeks (gp140 IgG ng/ml- MPLA; 5500; CAF01, 2155; p <0.05). Notably, interferon γ+ Env-specific Tfh responses were consistently higher with gp140 in MPLA+QS-21 and positively correlated with Env antibody persistence. These findings suggest that vaccine platforms maximizing GC Tfh1 induction promote persistent Env antibodies, important for protective immunity against HIV.
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8
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Counts JA, Saunders KO. Guiding HIV-1 vaccine development with preclinical nonhuman primate research. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2023; 18:315-322. [PMID: 37712825 PMCID: PMC10810179 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are seen as the closest animal model to humans in terms of anatomy and immune system makeup. Here, we review how preclinical studies in this model system are teaching the field of HIV vaccinology the basic immunology that is needed to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) with vaccination and elicit protective T cell responses. These lessons are being translated into clinical trials to advance towards protective active vaccination against HIV-1 infection. RECENT FINDINGS Preclinical vaccination studies in NHPs have shown that highly engineered HIV-1 immunogens can initiate bnAb precursors providing proof of concept for Phase I clinical trials. Additionally, NHP models of HIV-1 infection are elucidating the pathways for bnAb development while serving as systems to evaluate vaccine protection. Innovative immunization strategies have increased affinity maturation of HIV-1 antibodies in long-lived germinal centers. Preclinical studies in macaques have defined the protective level of neutralizing antibodies and have shown that T cell responses can synergize with antibody-mediated immunity to provide protection in the presence of lower neutralizing antibody titers. SUMMARY The NHP model provides vaccine regimens and desired antibody and T cell responses that serve as benchmarks for clinical trials, accelerating HIV vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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9
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Ozberk V, Zaman M, Lepletier A, Eskandari S, Kaden J, Mills JL, Calcutt A, Dooley J, Huo Y, Langshaw EL, Ulett GC, Batzloff MR, Good MF, Pandey M. A Glycolipidated-liposomal peptide vaccine confers long-term mucosal protection against Streptococcus pyogenes via IL-17, macrophages and neutrophils. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5963. [PMID: 37749129 PMCID: PMC10520070 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41410-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosally active subunit vaccines are an unmet clinical need due to lack of licensed immunostimulants suitable for vaccine antigens. Here, we show that intranasal administration of liposomes incorporating: the Streptococcus pyogenes peptide antigen, J8; diphtheria toxoid as a source of T cell help; and the immunostimulatory glycolipid, 3D(6-acyl) PHAD (PHAD), is able to induce long-lived humoral and cellular immunity. Mice genetically deficient in either mucosal antibodies or total antibodies are protected against S. pyogenes respiratory tract infection. Utilizing IL-17-deficient mice or depleting cellular subsets using antibodies, shows that the cellular responses encompassing, CD4+ T cells, IL-17, macrophages and neutrophils have important functions in vaccine-mediated mucosal immunity. Overall, these data demonstrate the utility of a mucosal vaccine platform to deliver multi-pronged protective responses against a highly virulent pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ozberk
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Mehfuz Zaman
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Ailin Lepletier
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Sharareh Eskandari
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Jacqualine Kaden
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Jamie-Lee Mills
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Ainslie Calcutt
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica Dooley
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Yongbao Huo
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma L Langshaw
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Glen C Ulett
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Michael R Batzloff
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael F Good
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
| | - Manisha Pandey
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
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10
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Castrodeza-Sanz J, Sanz-Muñoz I, Eiros JM. Adjuvants for COVID-19 Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050902. [PMID: 37243006 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the improvement of traditional vaccines has meant that we have moved from inactivated whole virus vaccines, which provoke a moderate immune response but notable adverse effects, to much more processed vaccines such as protein subunit vaccines, which despite being less immunogenic have better tolerability profiles. This reduction in immunogenicity is detrimental to the prevention of people at risk. For this reason, adjuvants are a good solution to improve the immunogenicity of this type of vaccine, with much better tolerability profiles and a low prevalence of side effects. During the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination focused on mRNA-type and viral vector vaccines. However, during the years 2022 and 2023, the first protein-based vaccines began to be approved. Adjuvanted vaccines are capable of inducing potent responses, not only humoral but also cellular, in populations whose immune systems are weak or do not respond properly, such as the elderly. Therefore, this type of vaccine should complete the portfolio of existing vaccines, and could help to complete vaccination against COVID-19 worldwide now and over the coming years. In this review we analyze the advantages and disadvantages of adjuvants, as well as their use in current and future vaccines against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Castrodeza-Sanz
- National Influenza Centre, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Iván Sanz-Muñoz
- National Influenza Centre, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León, ICSCYL, 42002 Soria, Spain
| | - Jose M Eiros
- National Influenza Centre, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Microbiology Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
- Microbiology Unit, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, 47013 Valladolid, Spain
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11
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Kozak M, Hu J. The Integrated Consideration of Vaccine Platforms, Adjuvants, and Delivery Routes for Successful Vaccine Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030695. [PMID: 36992279 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines have proven to be the most cost-efficient and reasonable way to fight and exterminate virulent pathogens. Vaccines can be designed using a variety of platforms including inactivated/attenuated pathogen or subunits of it. The most recent COVID mRNA vaccines have employed nucleic acid sequences for the antigen of interest to combat the pandemic. Different vaccine platforms have been chosen for different licensed vaccines which all have shown their ability to induce durable immune responses and protection. In addition to platforms, different adjuvants have been used to strengthen the immunogenicity of vaccines. Among the delivery routes, intramuscular injection has been the most common for vaccination. In this review, we present a historical overview of the integrated consideration of vaccine platforms, adjuvants, and delivery routes in the success of vaccine development. We also discuss the advantages and limitations of each choice in the efficacy of vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kozak
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Jiafen Hu
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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12
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Wang Z, Zhao A, Wang C, Huang D, Yu J, Yu L, Wu Y, Wang X. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli to efficiently produce monophosphoryl lipid A. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023. [PMID: 36659840 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), mainly isolated from Salmonella minnesota R595, has been used as adjuvant in several vaccines. In this study, an Escherichia coli strain that can efficiently produce the MPL has been constructed. The gene clusters related to the biosynthesis of O-antigen, core oligosaccharide, enterobacterial common antigen, and colanic acid were sequentially removed to save the carbon source and to increase the activity of PagP in E. coli MG1655. Then, the genes pldA, mlaA, and mlaC related to the phospholipid transport system were further deleted, resulting in the strain MW012. Finally, the genes lpxE from Francisella novicida and pagP and pagL from Salmonella were overexpressed in MW012 to modify the structure of lipid A, resulting in the strain MW012/pWEPL. Lipid A species were isolated from MW012/pWEPL and analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that mainly two MPL species were produced in E. coli MW012/pWEPL, one is hexa-acylated, and the other is penta-acylated. More importantly, the proportion of the hexa-acylated MPL, which is the most effective component of lipid A vaccine adjuvant, reached 75%. E. coli MW012/pWEPL constructed in this study provided a good alternative for the production of lipid A vaccine adjuvant MPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Aizhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chenhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Danyang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Letong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuanming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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13
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Zhong L, Krummenacher C, Zhang W, Hong J, Feng Q, Chen Y, Zhao Q, Zeng MS, Zeng YX, Xu M, Zhang X. Urgency and necessity of Epstein-Barr virus prophylactic vaccines. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:159. [PMID: 36494369 PMCID: PMC9734748 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00587-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a γ-herpesvirus, is the first identified oncogenic virus, which establishes permanent infection in humans. EBV causes infectious mononucleosis and is also tightly linked to many malignant diseases. Various vaccine formulations underwent testing in different animals or in humans. However, none of them was able to prevent EBV infection and no vaccine has been approved to date. Current efforts focus on antigen selection, combination, and design to improve the efficacy of vaccines. EBV glycoproteins such as gH/gL, gp42, and gB show excellent immunogenicity in preclinical studies compared to the previously favored gp350 antigen. Combinations of multiple EBV proteins in various vaccine designs become more attractive approaches considering the complex life cycle and complicated infection mechanisms of EBV. Besides, rationally designed vaccines such as virus-like particles (VLPs) and protein scaffold-based vaccines elicited more potent immune responses than soluble antigens. In addition, humanized mice, rabbits, as well as nonhuman primates that can be infected by EBV significantly aid vaccine development. Innovative vaccine design approaches, including polymer-based nanoparticles, the development of effective adjuvants, and antibody-guided vaccine design, will further enhance the immunogenicity of vaccine candidates. In this review, we will summarize (i) the disease burden caused by EBV and the necessity of developing an EBV vaccine; (ii) previous EBV vaccine studies and available animal models; (iii) future trends of EBV vaccines, including activation of cellular immune responses, novel immunogen design, heterologous prime-boost approach, induction of mucosal immunity, application of nanoparticle delivery system, and modern adjuvant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhong
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong PR China
| | - Claude Krummenacher
- grid.262671.60000 0000 8828 4546Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ USA
| | - Wanlin Zhang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong PR China
| | - Junping Hong
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian PR China
| | - Qisheng Feng
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong PR China
| | - Yixin Chen
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian PR China
| | - Qinjian Zhao
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Mu-Sheng Zeng
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong PR China
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong PR China
| | - Miao Xu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong PR China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong PR China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
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14
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Özcengiz E, Keser D, Özcengiz G, Çelik G, Özkul A, İnçeh FN. Two formulations of coronavirus disease-19 recombinant subunit vaccine candidate made up of S1 fragment protein P1, S2 fragment protein P2, and nucleocapsid protein elicit strong immunogenicity in mice. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e748. [PMID: 36444622 PMCID: PMC9695085 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is ongoing as a global epidemic and there is still a need to develop much safer and more effective new vaccines that can also be easily adapted to important variants of the pathogen. In the present study in this direction, we developed a new COVID-19 vaccine, composed of two critical antigenic fragments of the S1 and S2 region of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 as well as the whole nucleocapsid protein (N), which was formulated with either alum or alum plus monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) adjuvant combinations. METHODS From within the spike protein S1 region, a fragmented protein P1 (MW:33 kDa) which includes the receptor-binding domain (RBD), another fragment protein P2 (MW:17.6) which contains important antigenic epitopes within the spike protein S2 region, and N protein (MW:46 kDa) were obtained after recombinant expression of the corresponding gene regions in Escherichia coli BL21. For use in immunization studies, three proteins were adsorbed with aluminum hydroxide gel and with the combination of aluminum hydroxide gel plus MPLA. RESULTS Each of the three protein antigens produced strong reactions in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and Western blot analysis studies performed with convalescent COVID-19 patient sera. In mice, these combined protein vaccine candidates elicited high titer anti-P1, anti-P2, and anti-N IgG and IgG2a responses. These also induced highly neutralizing antibodies and elicited significant cell-mediated immunity as demonstrated by enhanced antigen-specific levels of interferon-γ (INF-γ) in the splenocytes of immunized mice. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that formulations of the three proteins with Alum or Alum + MPLA are effective in terms of humoral and cellular responses. However, since the Alum + MPLA formulation appears to be superior in Th1 response, this vaccine candidate may be recommended mainly for the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. We also believe that the alum-only formulation will provide great benefits for adults, young adolescents, and children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Duygu Keser
- Vaccine R&D, Pharmada Pharmaceuticals, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülay Özcengiz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gözde Çelik
- Vaccine R&D, Pharmada Pharmaceuticals, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aykut Özkul
- Department of Virology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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15
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Hayashi T, Nakagawa F, Ohno Y, Suzuki Y, Ishiki H, Onodera R, Higashi T, Shimamura Y, Itou H, Iwase Y, Arima H, Motoyama K. Antigen stabilizing hydrogels based on cyclodextrins and polyethylene glycol act as type-2 adjuvants with suppressed local irritation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 181:113-121. [PMID: 36372270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent viral pandemics have increased global demand for vaccines. However, the supply of effective and safe vaccine not only to developed countries but also developing countries with inadequate storage equipment is still challenging due to the lack of robust systems which improve the efficacy and the stability of vaccines with few side effects. In our previous study, polypseudorotaxane (PPRX) hydrogels based on cyclodextrin (CyD) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) significantly improved the stability of antibody preparations and showed no serious adverse effects after subcutaneous injection, suggesting the possibility as safe vaccine formulations to stabilize an antigen protein. Moreover, recent studies have reported that one of the CyD derivatives, hydroxypropyl-β-CyD (HP-β-CyD), acts as an adjuvant to enhance protective type-2 immune responses. However, it is still unknown that CyD PPRX hydrogels enhance not only the stability of an antigen protein but also its immunogenicity with tolerable side effects. Here, we demonstrate that α- and γ-CyD PPRX hydrogels containing an antigen protein significantly induce antigen-specific type-2 immune responses. Moreover, α- and γ-CyD PPRX hydrogels showed negligible local irritation at the injection site, although subcutaneous injection of α-CyD alone induced skin lesion. Finally, shaking stability of the antigen protein at room temperature was significantly improved by being included in α- and γ-CyD PPRX hydrogels. These results propose the possibility of α- and γ-CyD PPRX hydrogels as novel vaccine formulations which improve both the immunogenicity and stability of an antigen protein with suppressed local irritation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Hayashi
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Tokyo, Japan; Mock Up Vaccine, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research (CVAR), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumika Nakagawa
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Ohno
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Program for Leading Graduate Schools 'Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented (Higo) Program', Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Cross-disciplinary Doctoral Human Resource Development Program to Lead the Well-being Society, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Honatsu Ishiki
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Risako Onodera
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Taishi Higashi
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Shimamura
- R&D Department, Pharmaceutical Solutions Division, Medical Care Solutions Company, Terumo Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itou
- R&D Department, Pharmaceutical Solutions Division, Medical Care Solutions Company, Terumo Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwase
- R&D Department, Pharmaceutical Solutions Division, Medical Care Solutions Company, Terumo Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Arima
- Laboratory of Evidence-based Pharmacotherapy, School of Pharmacy, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Keiichi Motoyama
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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16
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Adam A, Shi Q, Wang B, Zou J, Mai J, Osman SR, Wu W, Xie X, Aguilar PV, Bao X, Shi PY, Shen H, Wang T. A modified porous silicon microparticle potentiates protective systemic and mucosal immunity for SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine. Transl Res 2022; 249:13-27. [PMID: 35688318 PMCID: PMC9173827 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Development of optimal SARS-CoV-2 vaccines to induce potent, long-lasting immunity and provide cross-reactive protection against emerging variants remains a high priority. Here, we report that a modified porous silicon microparticle (mPSM) adjuvant to SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) vaccine activated dendritic cells and generated more potent and durable systemic humoral and type 1 helper T (Th) cell- mediated immune responses than alum-formulated RBD following parenteral vaccination, and protected mice from SARS-CoV-2 and Beta variant challenge. Notably, mPSM facilitated the uptake of SARS-CoV-2 RBD antigens by nasal and airway epithelial cells. Parenteral and intranasal prime and boost vaccinations with mPSM-RBD elicited stronger lung resident T and B cells and IgA responses compared to parenteral vaccination alone, which led to markedly diminished viral loads and inflammation in the lung following SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant challenge. Overall, our results suggest that mPSM is effective adjuvant for SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine in both systemic and mucosal vaccinations.
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Key Words
- mpsm, modified porous silicon microparticle
- covid-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- rbd, receptor-binding domain
- sars-cov-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- β-cov, betacoronavirus
- e, envelope
- m, membrane
- n, nucleocapsid
- hace2, human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- nabs, neutralizing antibodies
- dc, dendritic cell
- th1, t helper 1
- cpg, cytosine guanosine dinucleotide
- cgamp, cyclic gamp
- bm, bone marrow
- i.p., intraperitoneally
- i.d., intradermally
- i.m., or intramuscularly
- tmb, tetramethylbenzidine
- pbs-t, phosphate-buffered saline containing tween-20
- bal, bronchoalveolar lavage
- hrp, horseradish peroxidase
- elisa, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- elispot, enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot
- sfc, spot-forming cells
- ics, intracellular cytokine staining
- moi, multiplicity of infection
- apc, antigen presenting cells
- mbc, memory b cell
- asc, antibody secreting cells
- prnt, plaque reduction neutralization test
- saec, small airway epithelial cells
- nalt, nasal-associated lymphoid tissue
- ade, antibody-dependent enhancement
- q-pcr, quantitative pcr
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Affiliation(s)
- Awadalkareem Adam
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Qing Shi
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Binbin Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Jing Zou
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Junhua Mai
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Samantha R Osman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Wenzhe Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Xuping Xie
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Patricia V Aguilar
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Xiaoyong Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, Texas; Innovative Therapeutic Program, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; ImmunoQ Therapeutics, Houston, Texas.
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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17
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Techawiwattanaboon T, Courant T, Brunner L, Sathean-anan-kun S, Krangvichian P, Iadsee N, Nakornpakdee Y, Sangjun N, Komanee P, Collin N, Ruxrungtham K, Patarakul K. Designing Adjuvant Formulations to Promote Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of Leptospira Immunoglobulin-Like Protein A Subunit Vaccine. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:918629. [PMID: 35782116 PMCID: PMC9243587 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.918629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The leptospirosis burden on humans, especially in high-risk occupational groups and livestock, leads to public health and economic problems. Leptospirosis subunit vaccines have been under development and require further improvement to provide complete protection. Adjuvants can be used to enhance the amplitude, quality, and durability of immune responses. Previously, we demonstrated that LMQ adjuvant (neutral liposomes containing monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and Quillaja saponaria derived QS21 saponin) promoted protective efficacy of LigAc vaccine against Leptospira challenge. To promote immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the subunit vaccines, three alternative adjuvants based on neutral liposomes or squalene-in-water emulsion were evaluated in this study. LQ and LQuil adjuvants combined the neutral liposomes with the QS21 saponin or Quillaja saponaria derived QuilA® saponin, respectively. SQuil adjuvant combined a squalene-in-water emulsion with the QuilA® saponin. The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of LigAc (20 µg) formulated with the candidate adjuvants were conducted in golden Syrian hamsters. Hamsters were vaccinated three times at a 2-week interval, followed by a homologous challenge of L. interrogans serovar Pomona. The results showed that LigAc combined with LQ, LQuil, or SQuil adjuvants conferred substantial antibody responses and protective efficacy (survival rate, pathological change, and Leptospira renal colonization) comparable to LMQ adjuvant. The LigAc+LQ formulation conferred 62.5% survival but was not significantly different from LigAc+LMQ, LigAc+LQuil, and LigAc+SQuil formulations (50% survival). This study highlights the potential of saponin-containing adjuvants LMQ, LQ, LQuil, and SQuil for both human and animal leptospirosis vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerasit Techawiwattanaboon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Chula Vaccine Research Center (Chula VRC), Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thomas Courant
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, Plan-Les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Livia Brunner
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, Plan-Les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Suwitra Sathean-anan-kun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Chula Vaccine Research Center (Chula VRC), Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pratomporn Krangvichian
- Chula Vaccine Research Center (Chula VRC), Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Medical Microbiology, Interdisciplinary Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nutta Iadsee
- Chula Vaccine Research Center (Chula VRC), Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Medical Microbiology, Interdisciplinary Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yaowarin Nakornpakdee
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Noppadon Sangjun
- Laboratory Animal Section, Analysis Division, Armed Force Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pat Komanee
- Laboratory Animal Section, Analysis Division, Armed Force Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nicolas Collin
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, Plan-Les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Kiat Ruxrungtham
- Chula Vaccine Research Center (Chula VRC), Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanitha Patarakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Chula Vaccine Research Center (Chula VRC), Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Kanitha Patarakul, ;
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18
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Xie D, Niu Y, Mu R, Campos de Souza S, Yin X, Dong L, Wang C. A Toll-like Receptor-Activating, Self-Adjuvant Glycan Nanocarrier. Front Chem 2022; 10:864206. [PMID: 35592309 PMCID: PMC9110926 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.864206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The global pandemic of COVID-19 highlights the importance of vaccination, which remains the most efficient measure against many diseases. Despite the progress in vaccine design, concerns with suboptimal antigen immunogenicity and delivery efficiency prevail. Self-adjuvant carriers–vehicles that can simultaneously deliver antigens and act as adjuvants–may improve efficacies in these aspects. Here, we developed a self-adjuvant carrier based on an acetyl glucomannan (acGM), which can activate toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and encapsulate the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) via a double-emulsion process. In vitro tests showed that these OVA@acGM-8k nanoparticles (NPs) enhanced cellular uptake and activated TLR2 on the surface of dendritic cells (DCs), with increased expression of co-stimulatory molecules (e.g. CD80 and CD86) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. TNF-α and IL12p70). In vivo experiments in mice demonstrated that OVA@acGM-8k NPs accumulated in the lymph nodes and promoted DCs’ maturation. The immunization also boosted the humoral and cellular immune responses. Our findings suggest that this self-adjuvant polysaccharide carrier could be a promising approach for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yiming Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Ruoyu Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Senio Campos de Souza
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Chunming Wang, ; Lei Dong,
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Chunming Wang, ; Lei Dong,
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Hoseinpur R, Hasani A, Baradaran B, Abdolalizadeh J, Amini Y, Salehi R, Samadi Kafil H, Azizian K, Memar MY, Gholizadeh P, Hasani A. Chitosan nanoparticles containing fusion protein (Hspx–PPE44–EsxV) and resiquimod adjuvant (HPERC) as a novel booster vaccine for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Biomater Appl 2022; 37:40-47. [DOI: 10.1177/08853282221079105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study attempted to explore the immunogenicity of chitosan nanoparticles containing fusion protein (Hspx–PPE44–EsxV; HPE) and resiquimod adjuvant (HPERC) in BALB/c mice. HPE was initially expressed in E. coli BL21 cells. HPE and resiquimod adjuvant were then encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles (HPERC). One group of mice were subcutaneously vaccinated on days 0, 14, and 28 with HPERC, and the other group was primed with bacilli Calmette-Guérin (BCG) on day 0 and then boosted with HPERC on days 14 and 28. Two weeks after the last injection, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 in spleen cell culture supernatants, and IgG2a and IgG1 titers in sera were measured. HPERC size was 130.84 ± 12.08 nm ( n = 5). Zeta potential of HPERC was 29 ± 4 mv. The highest IFN-γ concentration was detected in BCG-primed mice that were boosted with HPERC. In addition, IL-17 production was significantly increased in all groups compared with that of control, except in those that received nanoparticle (NP), adjuvant (ADJ), NP/ADJ, and fusion protein (Hspx–PPE44–EsxV) (HPE). Comparison of IFN-γ and IL-4 concentration determined that Th1 was activated in BCG-primed and HPERC-boosted group in comparison to the other groups. No significant difference in concentration of IL-4 was observed between groups receiving HPERC and BCG-primed and HPERC-boosted group in comparison to group BCG. Concentrations of IgG2a and IgG1 also increased compared to the control group and the rate of IgG2a was higher compared to IgG1. Chitosan containing HPERC vaccine could induce a high level of specific cytokines in mice. The group of mice which first received BCG and then HPERC as booster vaccine could produce significant amounts of IFN-γ, IL-17, and IgG2a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasul Hoseinpur
- Immunology Research Center (IRC)Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alka Hasani
- Immunology Research Center (IRC)Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center (IRC)Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jalal Abdolalizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yousef Amini
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Roya Salehi
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khalil Azizian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Science, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Memar
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pourya Gholizadeh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Akbar Hasani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Applied Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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D’Sa S, Braz Gomes K, Allotey-Babington GL, Boyoglu C, Kang SM, D’Souza MJ. Transdermal Immunization with Microparticulate RSV-F Virus-like Particles Elicits Robust Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040584. [PMID: 35455333 PMCID: PMC9030121 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
No approved vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections exist to date, due to challenges arising during vaccine development. There is an unmet need to explore novel approaches and a universal strategy to prevent RSV infections. Previous studies have proven the immune efficacy of virus-like particles (VLPs) consisting of RSV fusion (F) protein, yielding a highly immunogenic RSV-F VLP subunit vaccine. In this study, RSV-F VLP (with or without MPL®) was added to a polymer mix and spray-dried, forming microparticles. The formulations were transdermally administered in C57BL/6 mice to evaluate vaccine efficacy. The transdermal delivery of RSV-F VLP + MPL® was more effective in clearing lung viral loads and preventing weight loss after RSV challenge. At the cellular level, MPL® augmented the vaccine response in microparticulate form, which was evidenced by higher serum and lung antibody titers, and lower lung viral titers in the vaccinated groups. These preliminary results validate the effectiveness of the RSV-F VLP microparticulate vaccine via the transdermal route due to its potential to trigger robust immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucheta D’Sa
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; (S.D.); (K.B.G.); (G.L.A.-B.); (C.B.)
| | - Kimberly Braz Gomes
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; (S.D.); (K.B.G.); (G.L.A.-B.); (C.B.)
| | - Grace Lovia Allotey-Babington
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; (S.D.); (K.B.G.); (G.L.A.-B.); (C.B.)
| | - Cemil Boyoglu
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; (S.D.); (K.B.G.); (G.L.A.-B.); (C.B.)
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA;
| | - Martin J. D’Souza
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; (S.D.); (K.B.G.); (G.L.A.-B.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Alqazlan N, Astill J, Raj S, Sharif S. Strategies for enhancing immunity against avian influenza virus in chickens: A review. Avian Pathol 2022; 51:211-235. [PMID: 35297706 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2054309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Poultry infection with avian influenza viruses (AIV) is a continuous source of concern for poultry production and human health. Uncontrolled infection and transmission of AIV in poultry increases the potential for viral mutation and reassortment, possibly resulting in the emergence of zoonotic viruses. To this end, implementing strategies to disrupt the transmission of AIVs in poultry, including a wide array of traditional and novel methods, is much needed. Vaccination of poultry is a targeted approach to reduce clinical signs and shedding in infected birds. Strategies aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of AIV vaccines are multi-pronged and include methods directed towards eliciting immune responses in poultry. Strategies include producing vaccines of greater immunogenicity via vaccine type and adjuvant application and increasing bird responsiveness to vaccines by modification of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiome and dietary interventions. This review provides an in-depth discussion of recent findings surrounding novel AIV vaccines for poultry, including reverse genetics vaccines, vectors, protein vaccines and virus like particles, highlighting their experimental efficacy among other factors such as safety and potential for use in the field. In addition to the type of vaccine employed, vaccine adjuvants also provide an effective way to enhance AIV vaccine efficacy, therefore, research on different types of vaccine adjuvants and vaccine adjuvant delivery strategies is discussed. Finally, the poultry gastrointestinal microbiome is emerging as an important factor in the effectiveness of prophylactic treatments. In this regard, current findings on the effects of the chicken GIT microbiome on AIV vaccine efficacy are summarized here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiyah Alqazlan
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jake Astill
- Artemis Technologies Inc., Guelph, ON, N1L 1E3, Canada
| | - Sugandha Raj
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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22
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Lee JH, Nakao C, Appel M, Le A, Landais E, Kalyuzhniy O, Hu X, Liguori A, Mullen TM, Groschel B, Abbott RK, Sok D, Schief WR, Crotty S. Highly mutated antibodies capable of neutralizing N276 glycan-deficient HIV after a single immunization with an Env trimer. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110485. [PMID: 35263576 PMCID: PMC8924373 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Elicitation of HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) is challenging because unmutated bnAb precursors are rare and seldom bind HIV envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimers. One strategy to initiate bnAb responses is to use germline-targeting (GT) immunogens with high affinity to bnAb-class precursor B cells and then shepherd affinity maturation with booster immunogens that successively look more like native Env. In a mouse model where the frequency of VRC01-precursor (VRC01gHL) B cells mimics that of humans, we show that following a GT HIV Env trimer protein prime, VRC01-class B cells in the germinal center (GC) acquire high-affinity VRC01-class B cell somatic hypermutations (SHMs). Many GC-derived VRC01gHL antibodies robustly bind N276 glycan-deficient Env trimers and neutralize several N276 glycan-deficient tier 2 HIV strains. These results are encouraging for GT Env trimer vaccine designs and demonstrate accumulation of substantial SHMs, including deletions, uncommon point mutations, and functional bnAb features, after a single immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hyun Lee
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA; Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Catherine Nakao
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Appel
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Amber Le
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Elise Landais
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Oleksandr Kalyuzhniy
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xiaozhen Hu
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alessia Liguori
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tina-Marie Mullen
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bettina Groschel
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Robert K Abbott
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA; Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Devin Sok
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - William R Schief
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA; Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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23
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Clinical Development of mRNA Vaccines: Challenges and Opportunities. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 440:167-186. [PMID: 35906319 DOI: 10.1007/82_2022_259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of safe and effective mRNA platform-based COVID-19 vaccines from the recent pandemic has changed the face of vaccine development. Compared with conventional technologies used historically, mRNA-based vaccines offer a rapid flexible and robust approach to preventing disease caused by transient viral strains such as SAR2-CoV-2 variants of concern and seasonal influenza. Adaptations in the formulation of the mRNA delivery systems such as with lipid nanoparticle delivery (LNP) used in mRNA-1273 and BNT16b2b have enabled this technology to flourish under the urgent collective response and collaborative regulatory understanding derived from COVID-19 vaccine development. The application of mRNA-based therapeutics in other areas holds potential promise including combination vaccines that might deliver protections against multiple infectious diseases. Future studies and further advances in mRNA-based technologies will provide insight into the clinical efficacy and real-world effectiveness of vaccines as well as provisions with respect to the impact of reactogenicity profiles. Overall, the success of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines has helped unlock a platform likely to result in many more candidate vaccines entering clinical evaluation to address the unmet medical needs of other diseases including viral respiratory diseases, herpesviruses, and historically challenging vaccine targets such as HIV.
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24
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Anggraeni R, Ana ID, Wihadmadyatami H. Development of mucosal vaccine delivery: an overview on the mucosal vaccines and their adjuvants. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2022; 11:235-248. [DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.3.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rahmi Anggraeni
- PT Swayasa Prakarsa, Universitas Gadjah Mada Science Techno Campus, Division of Drugs, Medical Devices, and Functional Food, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ika Dewi Ana
- Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hevi Wihadmadyatami
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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25
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Xu H, Cai L, Hufnagel S, Cui Z. Intranasal vaccine: Factors to consider in research and development. Int J Pharm 2021; 609:121180. [PMID: 34637935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Most existing vaccines for human use are administered by needle-based injection. Administering vaccines needle-free intranasally has numerous advantages over by needle-based injection, but there are only a few intranasal vaccines that are currently approved for human use, and all of them are live attenuated influenza virus vaccines. Clearly, there are immunological as well as non-immunological challenges that prevent vaccine developers from choosing the intranasal route of administration. We reviewed current approved intranasal vaccines and pipelines and described the target of intranasal vaccines, i.e. nose and lymphoid tissues in the nasal cavity. We then analyzed factors unique to intranasal vaccines that need to be considered when researching and developing new intranasal vaccines. We concluded that while the choice of vaccine formulations, mucoadhesives, mucosal and epithelial permeation enhancers, and ligands that target M-cells are important, safe and effective intranasal mucosal vaccine adjuvants are needed to successfully develop an intranasal vaccine that is not based on live-attenuated viruses or bacteria. Moreover, more effective intranasal vaccine application devices that can efficiently target a vaccine to lymphoid tissues in the nasal cavity as well as preclinical animal models that can better predict intranasal vaccine performance in clinical trials are needed to increase the success rate of intranasal vaccines in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Xu
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Lucy Cai
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Stephanie Hufnagel
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, United States.
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26
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Attia MA, Essa EA, Elebyary TT, Faheem AM, Elkordy AA. Brief on Recent Application of Liposomal Vaccines for Lower Respiratory Tract Viral Infections: From Influenza to COVID-19 Vaccines. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1173. [PMID: 34832955 PMCID: PMC8619292 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective means of preventing infectious diseases and saving lives. Modern biotechnology largely enabled vaccine development. In the meantime, recent advances in pharmaceutical technology have resulted in the emergence of nanoparticles that are extensively investigated as promising miniaturized drug delivery systems. Scientists are particularly interested in liposomes as an important carrier for vaccine development. Wide acceptability of liposomes lies in their flexibility and versatility. Due to their unique vesicular structure with alternating aqueous and lipid compartments, liposomes can enclose both hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds, including antigens. Liposome composition can be tailored to obtain the desired immune response and adjuvant characteristics. During the current pandemic of COVID-19, many liposome-based vaccines have been developed with great success. This review covers a liposome-based vaccine designed particularly to combat viral infection of the lower respiratory tract (LRT), i.e., infection of the lung, specifically in the lower airways. Viruses such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2) are common causes of LRT infections, hence this review mainly focuses on this category of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ahmed Attia
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland SR1 3SD, UK; (M.A.A.); (A.M.F.)
| | - Ebtessam Ahmed Essa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt; (E.A.E.); (T.T.E.)
| | - Toka Tarek Elebyary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt; (E.A.E.); (T.T.E.)
| | - Ahmed Mostafa Faheem
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland SR1 3SD, UK; (M.A.A.); (A.M.F.)
| | - Amal Ali Elkordy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland SR1 3SD, UK; (M.A.A.); (A.M.F.)
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27
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Shahzamani K, Mahmoudian F, Ahangarzadeh S, Ranjbar MM, Beikmohammadi L, Bahrami S, Mohammadi E, Esfandyari S, Alibakhshi A, Javanmard SH. Vaccine design and delivery approaches for COVID-19. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108086. [PMID: 34454291 PMCID: PMC8380485 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is still a deadly disease that remains yet a major challenge for humans. In recent times, many large pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical companies have invested a lot of time and cost in fighting this disease. In this regard, today's scientific knowledge shows that designing and producing an effective vaccine is the best possible way to diminish the disease burden and dissemination or even eradicate the disease. Due to the urgent need, many vaccines are now available earlier than scheduled. New technologies have also helped to produce much more effective vaccines, although the potential side effects must be taken into account. Thus, in this review, the types of vaccines and vaccine designs made against COVID-19, the vaccination programs, as well as the delivery methods and molecules that have been used to deliver some vaccines that need a carrier will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiana Shahzamani
- Isfahan Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center (lGHRC), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mahmoudian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Ahangarzadeh
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ranjbar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Leila Beikmohammadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14155-6559 Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Bahrami
- Biotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elmira Mohammadi
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Core Research Facilities, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sahar Esfandyari
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Alibakhshi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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28
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Gao L, Lian Q, Ma L, Su S, Yang M, Fang Y, Liu Z, Luo X, Liao G. Full synthesis and bioactivity evaluation of Tn-RC-529 derivative conjugates as self-adjuvanting cancer vaccines. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Hwang J, Zhang W, Park HB, Yadav D, Jeon YH, Jin JO. Escherichia coli adhesin protein-conjugated thermal responsive hybrid nanoparticles for photothermal and immunotherapy against cancer and its metastasis. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002666. [PMID: 34230112 PMCID: PMC8261870 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Advanced cancer therapy is targeted at primary tumors and also recurrent or metastatic cancers. Combinational cancer treatment has recently shown high efficiency against recurrent and metastatic cancers. In this study, we synthesized a thermal responsive hybrid nanoparticle (TRH) containing FimH, an immune stimulatory recombinant protein, for the induction of a combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) and immunotherapy against cancer and its metastasis. Methods The hybrid nanoparticle was incorporated with a near-infrared (NIR) absorbent, indocyanine green, and decorated with FimH on its surface to form F-TRH. F-TRH was evaluated for its anticancer and antimetastatic effects against CT-26 carcinoma in mice by combining PTT and immunotherapy. Results NIR laser irradiation elicited an elevation of temperature in F-TRH, which induced apoptosis in CT-26 carcinoma cells in vitro. In addition, F-TRH and NIR laser irradiation promoted photothermal-mediated therapeutic effects against CT-26 and 4T1 tumors in mice. The release of FimH from F-TRH in response to elevated temperature and apoptotic bodies of cancer cells via PTT elicited dendritic cell-mediated cancer antigen-specific T-cell responses, which subsequently inhibited the second challenge of CT-26 and 4T1 cell growth in the lung. Conclusions These data demonstrate the potential use of F-TRH for immuno-photothermal therapy against cancer and its recurrence and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyoung Hwang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hae-Bin Park
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Jeon
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China .,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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30
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Karch CP, Matyas GR. The current and future role of nanovaccines in HIV-1 vaccine development. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:935-944. [PMID: 34184607 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1945448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: An efficacious vaccine for HIV-1 has been sought for over 30 years to eliminate the virus from the human population. Many challenges have occurred in the attempt to produce a successful immunogen, mainly caused by the basic biology of the virus. Immunogens have been developed focusing on inducing one or more of the following types of immune responses; neutralizing antibodies, non-neutralizing antibodies, and T-cell mediated responses. One way to better present and develop an immunogen for HIV-1 is through the use of nanotechnology and nanoparticles.Areas covered: This article gives a basic overview of the HIV-1 vaccine field, as well as nanotechnology, specifically nanovaccines. It then covers the application of nanovaccines made from biological macromolecules to HIV-1 vaccine development for neutralizing antibodies, non-neutralizing antibodies, and T-cell-mediated responses.Expert opinion: Nanovaccines are an area that is ripe for further exploration in HIV-1 vaccine field. Not only are nanovaccines capable of carrying and presenting antigens in native-like conformations, but they have also repeatedly been shown to increase immunogenicity over recombinant antigens alone. Only through further research can the true role of nanovaccines in the development of an efficacious HIV-1 vaccine be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Karch
- Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.,Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gary R Matyas
- Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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31
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Tiboni M, Casettari L, Illum L. Nasal vaccination against SARS-CoV-2: Synergistic or alternative to intramuscular vaccines? Int J Pharm 2021; 603:120686. [PMID: 33964339 PMCID: PMC8099545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
It is striking that all marketed SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are developed for intramuscular administration designed to produce humoral and cell mediated immune responses, preventing viremia and the COVID-19 syndrome. They have a high degree of efficacy in humans (70-95%) depending on the type of vaccine. However, little protection is provided against viral replication and shedding in the upper airways due to the lack of a local sIgA immune response, indicating a risk of transmission of virus from vaccinated individuals. A range of novel nasal COVID-19 vaccines are in development and preclinical results in non-human primates have shown a promising prevention of replication and shedding of virus due to the induction of mucosal immune response (sIgA) in upper and lower respiratory tracts as well as robust systemic and humoral immune responses. Whether these results will translate to humans remains to be clarified. An IM prime followed by an IN booster vaccination would likely result in a better well-rounded immune response, including prevention (or strong reduction) in viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Tiboni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Luca Casettari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Lisbeth Illum
- IDentity, 19 Cavendish Crescent North, The Park, Nottingham, NG71BA, United Kingdom.
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32
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Shukla NM, Chan M, Lao FS, Chu PJ, Belsuzarri M, Yao S, Nan J, Sato-Kaneko F, Saito T, Hayashi T, Corr M, Carson DA, Cottam HB. Structure-activity relationship studies in substituted sulfamoyl benzamidothiazoles that prolong NF-κB activation. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 43:116242. [PMID: 34274759 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the face of emerging infectious diseases, there remains an unmet need for vaccine development where adjuvants that enhance immune responses to pathogenic antigens are highly desired. Using high-throughput screens with a cell-based nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) reporter assay, we identified a sulfamoyl benzamidothiazole bearing compound 1 that demonstrated a sustained activation of NF-κB after a primary stimulus with a Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 agonist, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Here, we explore systematic structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies on compound 1 that indicated the sites on the scaffold that tolerated modification and yielded more potent compounds compared to 1. The selected analogs enhanced release of immunostimulatory cytokines in the human monocytic cell line THP-1 cells and murine primary dendritic cells. In murine vaccination studies, select compounds were used as co-adjuvants in combination with the Food and Drug Administration approved TLR-4 agonistic adjuvant, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) that showed significant enhancement in antigen-specific antibody titers compared to MPLA alone. Additionally, our SAR studies led to identification of a photoaffinity probe which will aid the target identification and mechanism of action studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikunj M Shukla
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809, USA.
| | - Michael Chan
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809, USA
| | - Fitzgerald S Lao
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809, USA
| | - Paul J Chu
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809, USA
| | - Masiel Belsuzarri
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809, USA
| | - Shiyin Yao
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809, USA
| | - Jason Nan
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809, USA
| | - Fumi Sato-Kaneko
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809, USA
| | - Tetsuya Saito
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809, USA
| | - Tomoko Hayashi
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809, USA
| | - Maripat Corr
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0656, USA
| | - Dennis A Carson
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809, USA
| | - Howard B Cottam
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809, USA
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33
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Adjuvants and Vaccines Used in Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy Induce Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9040321. [PMID: 33915724 PMCID: PMC8066953 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum hydroxide (alum) and monophosphoryl-lipid A (MPLA) are conventional adjuvants in vaccines for allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT). Alum triggers the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) by neutrophils. NETs contain expelled decondensed chromatin associated with granular material and may act as danger-associated molecular patterns and activate antigen-presenting cells. We investigated whether adjuvant-induced NETs contribute to innate responses to AIT-vaccines. Human neutrophils were incubated with alum, MPLA and adjuvant-containing AIT-vaccine preparations. NETs were verified by time-lapse and confocal fluorescence microscopy and quantitatively assessed by DNA and elastase release and ROS production. In contrast to MPLA, alum represented a potent trigger for NET release. Vaccine formulations containing alum resulted in less NET release than alum alone, whereas the vaccine containing MPLA induced stronger NET responses than MPLA alone. NETs and alum alone and synergistically increased the expression of molecules involved in antigen presentation, i.e., CD80, CD86 and CD83, by peripheral blood monocytes. Monocyte priming with NETs resulted in individually differing IL-1β- and IL-6-responses. Thus, NETs induced by adjuvants in AIT-vaccines can provide autonomous and cooperative effects on early innate responses. The high diversity of individual innate responses to adjuvants and AIT-vaccines may affect their therapeutic efficacy.
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34
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Wu X, McFall-Boegeman H, Rashidijahanabad Z, Liu K, Pett C, Yu J, Schorlemer M, Ramadan S, Behren S, Westerlind U, Huang X. Synthesis and immunological evaluation of the unnatural β-linked mucin-1 Thomsen-Friedenreich conjugate. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2448-2455. [PMID: 33645601 PMCID: PMC8011953 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00007a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MUC1 glycopeptides are attractive antigens for anti-cancer vaccine development. One potential drawback in using the native MUC1 glycopeptide for vaccine design is the instability of the O-glycosyl linkage between the glycan and the peptide backbone to glycosidase. To overcome this challenge, a MUC1 glycopeptide mimic has been synthesized with the galactose-galactosamine disaccharide linked with threonine (Thomsen-Friedenreich or Tf antigen) through an unnatural β-glycosyl bond. The resulting MUC1-β-Tf had a much-enhanced stability toward a glycosidase capable of cleaving the glycan from the corresponding MUC1 glycopeptide with the natural α-Tf linkage. The MUC1-β-Tf was subsequently conjugated with a powerful carrier bacteriophage Qβ. The conjugate induced high levels of IgG antibodies in clinically relevant human MUC1 transgenic mice, which cross-recognized not only the natural MUC1-α-Tf glycopeptide but also MUC1 expressing tumor cells, supporting the notion that a simple switch of the stereochemistry of the glycan/peptide linkage can be a strategy for anti-cancer vaccine epitope design for glycopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanjun Wu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
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35
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Baldwin SL, Reese VA, Larsen SE, Beebe E, Guderian J, Orr MT, Fox CB, Reed SG, Coler RN. Prophylactic efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis using ID93 and lipid-based adjuvant formulations in the mouse model. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247990. [PMID: 33705411 PMCID: PMC7951850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An estimated 10 million people developed tuberculosis (TB) disease in 2019 which underscores the need for a vaccine that prevents disease and reduces transmission. The aim of our current studies is to characterize and test a prophylactic tuberculosis vaccine comprised of ID93, a polyprotein fusion antigen, and a liposomal formulation [including a synthetic TLR4 agonist (glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant, GLA) and QS-21] in a preclinical mouse model of TB disease. Comparisons of the ID93+GLA-LSQ vaccines are also made to the highly characterized ID93+GLA-SE oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant, which are also included these studies. The recent success of vaccine candidate M72 combined with adjuvant AS01E (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals) in reducing progression to active disease is promising and has renewed excitement for experimental vaccines currently in the TB vaccine pipeline. The AS01E adjuvant contains monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and QS-21 (a saponin) in a liposomal formulation. While AS01E has demonstrated potent adjuvant activity as a component of both approved and experimental vaccines, developing alternatives to this adjuvant system will become important to fill the high demand envisioned for future vaccine needs. Furthermore, replacement sources of potent adjuvants will help to supply the demand of a TB vaccine [almost one-quarter of the world's population are estimated to have latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) according to the WHO 2019 global TB report], addressing (a) cost of goods, (b) supply of goods, and (c) improved efficacy of subunit vaccines against Mtb. We show that both ID93+GLA-SE (containing an emulsion adjuvant) and ID93+GLA-LSQ (containing a liposomal adjuvant) induce ID93-specific TH1 cellular immunity including CD4+CD44+ T cells expressing IFNγ, TNF, and IL-2 (using flow cytometry and intracellular cytokine staining) and vaccine-specific IgG2 antibody responses (using an ELISA). In addition, both ID93+GLA-SE and ID93+GLA-LSQ effectively decrease the bacterial load within the lungs of mice infected with Mtb. Formulations based on this liposomal adjuvant formulation may provide an alternative to AS01 adjuvant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L. Baldwin
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Valerie A. Reese
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Sasha E. Larsen
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Elyse Beebe
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jeff Guderian
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Mark T. Orr
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Christopher B. Fox
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Steven G. Reed
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Rhea N. Coler
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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36
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Kumar P, Sunita, Dubey KK, Shukla P. Whole-Cell Vaccine Preparation: Options and Perspectives. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2183:249-266. [PMID: 32959248 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0795-4_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are biological preparations to elicit a specific immune response in individuals against the targetted microorganisms. The use of vaccines has caused the near eradication of many critical diseases and has had an everlasting impact on public health at a relatively low cost. Most of the vaccines developed today are based on techniques which were developed a long time ago. In the beginning, vaccines were prepared from tissue fluids obtained from infected animals or people, but at present, the scenario has changed with the development of vaccines from live or killed whole microorganisms and toxins or using genetic engineering approaches. Considerable efforts have been made in vaccine development, but there are still many diseases that need attention, and new technologies are being developed in vaccinology to combat them. In this chapter, we discuss different approaches for vaccine development, including the properties and preparation of whole-cell vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punit Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak, Rohtak, Haryana, India.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Allergology and Microbiology, Karaganda Medical University, 40 Gogol Street, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | - Sunita
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Kashyap Kumar Dubey
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India.
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
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37
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Wu D, Zhao Z, Kim J, Razmi A, Wang LL, Kapate N, Gao Y, Peng K, Ukidve A, Mitragotri S. Gemcitabine and doxorubicin in immunostimulatory monophosphoryl lipid A liposomes for treating breast cancer. Bioeng Transl Med 2021; 6:e10188. [PMID: 33532588 PMCID: PMC7823124 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy is increasingly shifting toward targeting the tumor immune microenvironment and influencing populations of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Breast cancer presents a unique challenge as tumors of the triple-negative breast cancer subtype employ a multitude of immunosilencing mechanisms that promote immune evasion and rapid growth. Treatment of breast cancer with chemotherapeutics has been shown to induce underlying immunostimulatory responses that can be further amplified with the addition of immune-modulating agents. Here, we investigate the effects of combining doxorubicin (DOX) and gemcitabine (GEM), two commonly used chemotherapeutics, with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), a clinically used TLR4 adjuvant derived from liposaccharides. MPLA was incorporated into the lipid bilayer of liposomes loaded with a 1:1 molar ratio of DOX and GEM to create an intravenously administered treatment. In vivo studies indicated excellent efficacy of both GEM-DOX liposomes and GEM-DOX-MPLA liposomes against 4T1 tumors. In vitro and in vivo results showed increased dendritic cell expression of CD86 in the presence of liposomes containing chemotherapeutics and MPLA. Despite this, a tumor rechallenge study indicated little effect on tumor growth upon rechallenge, indicating the lack of a long-term immune response. GEM/DOX/MPLA-L displayed remarkable control of the primary tumor growth and can be further explored for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer with other forms of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Wu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Zongmin Zhao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jayoung Kim
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Amaya Razmi
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Lily Li‐Wen Wang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and TechnologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Neha Kapate
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and TechnologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Yongsheng Gao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kevin Peng
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Anvay Ukidve
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
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38
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Rao M, Peachman KK, Alving CR. Liposome Formulations as Adjuvants for Vaccines. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2021; 433:1-28. [PMID: 33165871 DOI: 10.1007/82_2020_227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Development of liposome-based formulations as vaccine adjuvants has been intimately associated with, and dependent on, and informed by, a fundamental understanding of biochemical and biophysical properties of liposomes themselves. The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) has a fifty-year history of experience of basic research on liposomes; and development of liposomes as drug carriers; and development of liposomes as adjuvant formulations for vaccines. Uptake of liposomes by phagocytic cells in vitro has served as an excellent model for studying the intracellular trafficking patterns of liposomal antigen. Differential fluorescent labeling of proteins and liposomal lipids, together with the use of inhibitors, has enabled the visualization of physical locations of antigens, peptides, and lipids to elucidate mechanisms underlying the MHC class I and class II pathways in phagocytic APCs. Army Liposome Formulation (ALF) family of vaccine adjuvants, which have been developed and improved since 1986, and which range from nanosize to microsize, are currently being employed in phase 1 studies with different types of candidate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangala Rao
- Chief, Laboratory of Adjuvant & Antigen Research, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA.
| | - Kristina K Peachman
- Laboratory of Adjuvant & Antigen Research, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Carl R Alving
- Laboratory of Adjuvant & Antigen Research, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
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39
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Cheng R, Fontana F, Xiao J, Liu Z, Figueiredo P, Shahbazi MA, Wang S, Jin J, Torrieri G, Hirvonen JT, Zhang H, Chen T, Cui W, Lu Y, Santos HA. Recombination Monophosphoryl Lipid A-Derived Vacosome for the Development of Preventive Cancer Vaccines. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:44554-44562. [PMID: 32960566 PMCID: PMC7549091 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been an increasing interest for utilizing the host immune system to fight against cancer. Moreover, cancer vaccines, which can stimulate the host immune system to respond to cancer in the long term, are being investigated as a promising approach to induce tumor-specific immunity. In this work, we prepared an effective cancer vaccine (denoted as "vacosome") by reconstructing the cancer cell membrane, monophosphoryl lipid A as a toll-like receptor 4 agonist, and egg phosphatidylcholine. The vacosome triggered and enhanced bone marrow dendritic cell maturation as well as stimulated the antitumor response against breast cancer 4T1 cells in vitro. Furthermore, an immune memory was established in BALB/c mice after three-time preimmunization with the vacosome. After that, the immunized mice showed inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival period (longer than 50 days). Overall, our results demonstrate that the vacosome can be a potential candidate for clinical translation as a cancer vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Cheng
- Drug Research Program,
Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Flavia Fontana
- Drug Research Program,
Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Junyuan Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment
of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and
Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, 200025 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zehua Liu
- Drug Research Program,
Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patrícia Figueiredo
- Drug Research Program,
Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Drug Research Program,
Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184 Zanjan, Iran
| | - Shiqi Wang
- Drug Research Program,
Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jing Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment
of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and
Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, 200025 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Giulia Torrieri
- Drug Research Program,
Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouni T. Hirvonen
- Drug Research Program,
Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment
of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and
Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, 200025 Shanghai, PR China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory and
Turku Center for Biotechnology, Åbo
Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Tongtong Chen
- Radiology Department, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, 200025 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment
of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and
Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, 200025 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yong Lu
- Radiology Department, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, 200025 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hélder A. Santos
- Drug Research Program,
Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Insititute of Life Science, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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40
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Reintjens NRM, Tondini E, de Jong AR, Meeuwenoord NJ, Chiodo F, Peterse E, Overkleeft HS, Filippov DV, van der Marel GA, Ossendorp F, Codée JDC. Self-Adjuvanting Cancer Vaccines from Conjugation-Ready Lipid A Analogues and Synthetic Long Peptides. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11691-11706. [PMID: 32960056 PMCID: PMC7586330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Self-adjuvanting
vaccines, wherein an antigenic
peptide is covalently bound to an immunostimulating agent, have been
shown to be promising tools for immunotherapy. Synthetic Toll-like
receptor (TLR) ligands are ideal adjuvants for covalent linking to
peptides or proteins. We here introduce a conjugation-ready TLR4 ligand,
CRX-527, a potent powerful lipid A analogue, in the generation of
novel conjugate-vaccine modalities. Effective chemistry has been developed
for the synthesis of the conjugation-ready ligand as well as the connection
of it to the peptide antigen. Different linker systems and connection
modes to a model peptide were explored, and in vitro evaluation of the conjugates showed them to be powerful immune-activating
agents, significantly more effective than the separate components.
Mounting the CRX-527 ligand at the N-terminus of the model peptide
antigen delivered a vaccine modality that proved to be potent in activation
of dendritic cells, in facilitating antigen presentation, and in initiating
specific CD8+ T-cell-mediated killing of antigen-loaded
target cells in vivo. Synthetic TLR4 ligands thus
show great promise in potentiating the conjugate vaccine platform
for application in cancer vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels R M Reintjens
- Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Tondini
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ana R de Jong
- Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nico J Meeuwenoord
- Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fabrizio Chiodo
- Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Evert Peterse
- Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Herman S Overkleeft
- Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitri V Filippov
- Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbert A van der Marel
- Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D C Codée
- Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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41
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Zhang W, Lim SM, Hwang J, Ramalingam S, Kim M, Jin JO. Monophosphoryl lipid A-induced activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells enhances the anti-cancer effects of anti-PD-L1 antibodies. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 70:689-700. [PMID: 32902663 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02715-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) is a toll-like receptor 4 ligand that promotes immune activation in mice and humans, without undesired inflammation. Immunotherapy by the combining immune checkpoint blockade and MPLA has shown promising anti-cancer effects in both mice and humans. In this study, we explored how MPLA enhanced the anti-cancer effects of anti-PD-L1 antibodies (Abs). Anti-cancer immunity induced by the combination of anti-PD-L1 Abs and MPLA failed in CD4 and CD8 cell-depleted mice. Moreover, the combination treatment of anti-PD-L1 Abs and MPLA synergistically enhanced the activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in the mouse in vivo, while conventional DCs were not. In addition, mice treated with anti-PD-L1 Abs and MPLA were not protected from B16 melanoma by blockade of interferon-alpha receptor (IFNAR). The combination of anti-PD-L1 Abs and MPLA also promoted human peripheral blood pDC activation and induced IFN-α-dependent T cell activation. Therefore, these results demonstrate that MPLA enhances anti-PD-L1 Ab-mediated anti-cancer immunity through the activation and IFN-α production of pDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Seong-Min Lim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoung Hwang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Srinivasan Ramalingam
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunghee Kim
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China. .,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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42
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Xu H, Alzhrani RF, Warnken ZN, Thakkar SG, Zeng M, Smyth HDC, Williams RO, Cui Z. Immunogenicity of Antigen Adjuvanted with AS04 and Its Deposition in the Upper Respiratory Tract after Intranasal Administration. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:3259-3269. [PMID: 32787271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adjuvant system 04 (AS04) is in injectable human vaccines. AS04 contains two known adjuvants, 3-O-desacyl-4'-monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and insoluble aluminum salts. Data from previous studies showed that both MPL and insoluble aluminum salts have nasal mucosal vaccine adjuvant activity. The present study was designed to test the feasibility of using AS04 as an adjuvant to help nasally administered antigens to induce specific mucosal and systemic immunity as well as to evaluate the deposition of antigens in the upper respiratory tract when adjuvanted with AS04. Alhydrogel, an aluminum (oxy)hydroxide suspension, was mixed with MPL to form AS04, which was then mixed with ovalbumin (OVA) or 3× M2e-HA2, a synthetic influenza virus hemagglutinin fusion protein, as an antigen to prepare OVA/AS04 and 3× M2e-HA2/AS04 vaccines, respectively. In mice, AS04 enabled antigens, when given intranasally, to induce specific IgA response in nasal and lung mucosal secretions as well as specific IgG response in the serum samples of the immunized mice, whereas subcutaneous injection of the same vaccine induced specific antibody responses only in the serum samples but not in the mucosal secretions. Splenocytes isolated from mice intranasally immunized with the OVA/AS04 also proliferated and released cytokines (i.e., IL-4 and IFN-γ) after in vitro stimulation with the antigen. In the immunogenicity test, intranasal OVA/AS04 was not more effective than intranasal OVA/MPL at the dosing regimens tested. However, when compared to OVA/MPL, OVA/AS04 showed a different atomized droplet size distribution and more importantly a more favorable OVA deposition profile when atomized into a nasal cast that was 3-D printed based on the computer tomography scan of the nose of a child. It is concluded that AS04 has mucosal adjuvant activity when given intranasally. In addition, there is a reason to be optimistic about using AS04 as an adjuvant to target an antigen of interest to the right region of the nasal cavity in humans for immune response induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Riyad F Alzhrani
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zachary N Warnken
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Sachin G Thakkar
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Mingtao Zeng
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79905, United States
| | - Hugh D C Smyth
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Robert O Williams
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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43
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Singh P, Matyas GR, Anderson A, Beck Z. Biophysical characterization of polydisperse liposomal adjuvant formulations. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:362-365. [PMID: 32703436 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Army Liposome Formulations (ALF) are potent adjuvants, of which there are two primary forms, lyophilized ALF (ALFlyo) containing monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) and ALF containing MPLA and QS21 (ALFQ). ALFlyo and ALFQ adjuvants are essential constituents of candidate vaccines for bacterial, viral, and parasitic diseases. They have been widely used in preclinical immunogenicity studies in small animals and non-human primates and are progressing to phase I/IIa clinical trials. ALFQ was prepared by adding saponin QS21 to small unilamellar liposome vesicles (SUVs) of ALF55 that contain 55 mol% cholesterol, whereas ALFlyo was created by reconstituting lyophilized SUVs of ALF43, consisting of 43 mol% cholesterol, in aqueous buffer solution. These formulations display heterogenous particle size distribution. Since biophysical characteristics of liposomes may impact their adjuvant potential, we characterized the particle size distribution and lamellarity of the individual liposome particles in ALFlyo and ALFQ formulations using cryo-electron microscopy and a newly developed MANTA technology. ALFlyo and ALFQ exhibited similar particle size distributions with liposomes ranging from 50 nm to several μm. However, fundamental differences were observed in the lamellar structures of the liposomes. ALFlyo displayed a greater number of multilamellar and multivesicular liposome particles, as compared to that in ALFQ, which was predominately unilamellar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpendra Singh
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA.
| | - Gary R Matyas
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA.
| | - Alexander Anderson
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA.
| | - Zoltan Beck
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA.
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44
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Savoy M. What's New in Vaccine Science. Prim Care 2020; 47:517-528. [PMID: 32718447 DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Today vaccines can provide immunity against and treatment of a growing number of diseases including noninfectious conditions. Vaccine science continues to evolve newer and safer ways to deliver prevention and treatment of infectious and noninfectious diseases. This includes new adjuvants to enhance immunogenicity; delivery systems to reduce pain and improve acceptability; a wider range of uses including preventing emerging infectious diseases, such as Zika virus and Ebola, treatment of chronic diseases, such as cancer, and autoimmune disorders; and repurposing of existing vaccines, such as bacillus Calmette-Guérin for novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Savoy
- Family & Community Medicine, Temple Faculty Practice, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 1316 West Ontario Street, Room 310, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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45
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Valentini M, Filloux A. Multiple Roles of c-di-GMP Signaling in Bacterial Pathogenesis. Annu Rev Microbiol 2020; 73:387-406. [PMID: 31500536 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-020518-115555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular signaling molecule cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) regulates the lifestyle of bacteria and controls many key functions and mechanisms. In the case of bacterial pathogens, a wide variety of virulence lifestyle factors have been shown to be regulated by c-di-GMP. Evidence of the importance of this molecule for bacterial pathogenesis has become so great that new antimicrobial agents are tested for their capacity of targeting c-di-GMP signaling. This review summarizes the current knowledge on this topic and reveals its application for the development of new antivirulence intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Valentini
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland;
| | - Alain Filloux
- MRC Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom;
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46
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Yan F, Li E, Li L, Schiffman Z, Huang P, Zhang S, Li G, Jin H, Wang H, Zhang X, Gao Y, Feng N, Zhao Y, Wang C, Xia X. Virus-Like Particles Derived From a Virulent Strain of Pest des Petits Ruminants Virus Elicit a More Vigorous Immune Response in Mice and Small Ruminants Than Those From a Vaccine Strain. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:609. [PMID: 32390966 PMCID: PMC7190788 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPRs) is highly contagious, acute or subacute disease of small ruminants caused by peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). To date, several studies have designed and evaluated PPRV-like particles (VLPs) as a vaccine candidate for the prevention and control of PPR, with the majority of these VLPs constructed using sequences derived from a PPRV vaccine strain due to its high immunogenicity. However, because of the lack of available genetic material and certain structural proteins and/or the alteration of posttranslational glycosylation modifications, the immunogenicity of VLPs derived from a vaccine strain is not always optimal. In this study, two PPRV VLP candidates, derived from either the lineage IV Tibet/30 virulent strain or the lineage II Nigeria 75/1 vaccine strain, were generated using a baculovirus system through the coexpression of the PPRV matrix (M), hemagglutinin (H), and fusion (F) proteins in the high expression level cell line High Five. These VLPs were then used to immunize mice, goats, and sheep followed by two boosts after primary immunization. Both VLPs were found to induce a potent humoral immune response as demonstrated by the high ratio of immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) to IgG2a. In all animals, both VLPs induced high titers of virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNAs), as well as H- and F-specific antibodies, with the Tibet/30 VLPs yielding higher antibody titers by comparison to the Nigeria 75/1 VLPs. Studies in mice also demonstrated that the Tibet/30 VLPs induced a more robust interleukin 4 and interferon γ response than the Nigeria 75/1 VLPs. Goats and sheep immunized with both VLPs exhibited a robust humoral and cell-mediated immune response. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that the VLPs derived from the virulent lineage IV Tibet/30 strain were more immunogenic, inducing a more potent and robust humoral and cell-mediated immune response in vaccinated animals by comparison to the lineage II Nigeria 75/1 vaccine strain VLPs. In addition, VNA titers were significantly higher among animals vaccinated with the Tibet/30 VLPs by comparison to the Nigeria 75/1 VLPs. Taken together, these findings suggest that VLPs derived from the virulent lineage IV Tibet/30 strain are more immunogenic by comparison to those derived from the lineage II Nigeria 75/1 vaccine strain and thus represent a promising vaccine candidate for the control and eradication of PPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Entao Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Li
- National Research Center for Exotic Animal Diseases, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Zachary Schiffman
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,National Microbiology Laboratory, Special Pathogens Program, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Pei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Guohua Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hongli Jin
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hualei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinghai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Na Feng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Chengyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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47
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Alving CR, Peachman KK, Matyas GR, Rao M, Beck Z. Army Liposome Formulation (ALF) family of vaccine adjuvants. Expert Rev Vaccines 2020; 19:279-292. [PMID: 32228108 PMCID: PMC7412170 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1745636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: From its earliest days, the US. military has embraced the use of vaccines to fight infectious diseases. The Army Liposome Formulation (ALF) has been a pivotal innovation as a vaccine adjuvant that provides excellent safety and potency and could lead to dual-use military and civilian benefits. For protection of personnel against difficult disease threats found in many areas of the world, Army vaccine scientists have created novel liposome-based vaccine adjuvants.Areas covered: ALF consists of liposomes containing saturated phospholipids, cholesterol, and monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) as an immunostimulant. ALF exhibited safety and strong potency in many vaccine clinical trials. Improvements based on ALF include: ALF adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide (ALFA); ALF containing QS21 saponin (ALFQ); and ALFQ adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide (ALFQA). Preclinical safety and efficacy studies with ALF, LFA, ALFQ, and ALFQA are discussed in preparation for upcoming vaccine trials targeting malaria, HIV-1, bacterial diarrhea, and opioid addiction.Expert opinion: The introduction of ALF in the 1980s stimulated commercial interest in vaccines to infectious diseases, and therapeutic vaccines to cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. It is likely that ALF, ALFA, and ALFQ, will provide momentum for new types of modern vaccines with improved efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl R. Alving
- Laboratory of Adjuvant & Antigen Research, US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Kristina K. Peachman
- Laboratory of Adjuvant & Antigen Research, US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Gary R. Matyas
- Laboratory of Adjuvant & Antigen Research, US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Mangala Rao
- Laboratory of Adjuvant & Antigen Research, US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Zoltan Beck
- Laboratory of Adjuvant & Antigen Research, US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
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48
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Aghebati T, Arabsalmani M, Mohammadpour AH, Afshar M, Jaafari MR, Abnous K, Nazemi S, Badiee A. Development of an effective liposomal cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) vaccine for protecting against atherosclerosis in rabbit model. Pharm Dev Technol 2019; 25:432-439. [PMID: 31852350 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2019.1706181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Clinical trials of cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) peptide vaccine were stopped after disappointing results in humans due to the inadequacy of adjuvant aluminum hydroxide in stimulating the immune response against the self-antigen of CETP. To increase the efficacy of the CETP vaccine, we developed a novel liposomal form of tetanus toxoid-CETP (TT-CETP) peptide (Lip CETP) with well-characterized properties and high encapsulation efficiency. The vaccine efficacy against atherosclerosis was evaluated in rabbits challenged with a high cholesterol diet. Rabbits were immunized with Lip-CETP or liposome containing CETP with CpG ODN (Lip CETP/CpG). Control groups received empty liposomes or buffer. Anti-TT-CETP specific antibodies in serum were determined and gene expression of cytokine IFN-γ and IL-4 were measured in blood peripheral mononuclear cells. Therapeutic response was evaluated by titration of plasma lipoproteins during the study and pathologic analysis of aorta atherosclerotic lesions at the end. Lip-CETP/CpG elicited strong anti-TT-CETP antibodies and a higher IFN-γ level than the buffer. IL-4 was lower than the buffer in all vaccinated groups. Plasma lipoproteins showed no significant difference in the studied groups. Atherosclerosis thickness grade of the aorta was lower than the buffer group (p < 0.001) in rabbits vaccinated with Lip-CETP but not with Lip-CETP/CpG. In conclusion, Lip-CETP showed a strong atheroprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Aghebati
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Arabsalmani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Afshar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Medical Toxicology Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed Nazemi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Razavi Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Badiee
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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49
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Chan M, Lao FS, Chu PJ, Shpigelman J, Yao S, Nan J, Sato-Kaneko F, Li V, Hayashi T, Corr M, Carson DA, Cottam HB, Shukla NM. Structure–Activity Relationship Studies To Identify Affinity Probes in Bis-aryl Sulfonamides That Prolong Immune Stimuli. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9521-9540. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Chan
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Fitzgerald S. Lao
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Paul J. Chu
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Jonathan Shpigelman
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Shiyin Yao
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Jason Nan
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Fumi Sato-Kaneko
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Vicky Li
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Tomoko Hayashi
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Maripat Corr
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Dennis A. Carson
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Howard B. Cottam
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Nikunj M. Shukla
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
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50
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Combadière B, Beaujean M, Chaudesaigues C, Vieillard V. Peptide-Based Vaccination for Antibody Responses Against HIV. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7030105. [PMID: 31480779 PMCID: PMC6789779 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7030105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 is responsible for a global pandemic of 35 million people and continues to spread at a rate of >2 million new infections/year. It is widely acknowledged that a protective vaccine would be the most effective means to reduce HIV-1 spread and ultimately eliminate the pandemic, whereas a therapeutic vaccine might help to mitigate the clinical course of the disease and to contribute to virus eradication strategies. However, despite more than 30 years of research, we do not have a vaccine capable of protecting against HIV-1 infection or impacting on disease progression. This, in part, denotes the challenge of identifying immunogens and vaccine modalities with a reduced risk of failure in late stage development. However, progress has been made in epitope identification for the induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies. Thus, peptide-based vaccination has become one of the challenges of this decade. While some researchers reconstitute envelope protein conformation and stabilization to conserve the epitope targeted by neutralizing antibodies, others have developed strategies based on peptide-carrier vaccines with a similar goal. Here, we will review the major peptide-carrier based approaches in the vaccine field and their application and recent development in the HIV-1 field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behazine Combadière
- Sorbonne University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, U1135, CNRS, ERL 8255, Center of Immunology and Infectious Diseases (CIMI-Paris), 91 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France.
| | - Manon Beaujean
- Sorbonne University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, U1135, CNRS, ERL 8255, Center of Immunology and Infectious Diseases (CIMI-Paris), 91 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Chloé Chaudesaigues
- Sorbonne University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, U1135, CNRS, ERL 8255, Center of Immunology and Infectious Diseases (CIMI-Paris), 91 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Vieillard
- Sorbonne University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, U1135, CNRS, ERL 8255, Center of Immunology and Infectious Diseases (CIMI-Paris), 91 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
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