1
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Leung LS, Gill RS, Shen B, Chu L. Cholinergic and behavior-dependent beta and gamma waves are coupled between olfactory bulb and hippocampus. Hippocampus 2024; 34:464-490. [PMID: 38949057 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Olfactory oscillations may enhance cognitive processing through coupling with beta (β, 15-30 Hz) and gamma (γ, 30-160 Hz) activity in the hippocampus (HPC). We hypothesize that coupling between olfactory bulb (OB) and HPC oscillations is increased by cholinergic activation in control rats and is reduced in kainic-acid-treated epileptic rats, a model of temporal lobe epilepsy. OB γ2 (63-100 Hz) power was higher during walking and immobility-awake (IMM) compared to sleep, while γ1 (30-57 Hz) power was higher during grooming than other behavioral states. Muscarinic cholinergic agonist pilocarpine (25 mg/kg ip) with peripheral muscarinic blockade increased OB power and OB-HPC coherence at β and γ1 frequency bands. A similar effect was found after physostigmine (0.5 mg/kg ip) but not scopolamine (10 mg/kg ip). Pilocarpine increased bicoherence and cross-frequency coherence (CFC) between OB slow waves (SW, 1-5 Hz) and hippocampal β, γ1 and γ2 waves, with stronger coherence at CA1 alveus and CA3c than CA1 stratum radiatum. Bicoherence further revealed a nonlinear interaction of β waves in OB with β waves at the CA1-alveus. Beta and γ1 waves in OB or HPC were segregated at one phase of the OB-SW, opposite to the phase of γ2 and γ3 (100-160 Hz) waves, suggesting independent temporal processing of β/γ1 versus γ2/γ3 waves. At CA1 radiatum, kainic-acid-treated epileptic rats compared to control rats showed decreased theta power, theta-β and theta-γ2 CFC during baseline walking, decreased CFC of HPC SW with γ2 and γ3 waves during baseline IMM, and decreased coupling of OB SW with β and γ2 waves at CA1 alveus after pilocarpine. It is concluded that β and γ waves in the OB and HPC are modulated by a slow respiratory rhythm, in a cholinergic and behavior-dependent manner, and OB-HPC functional connectivity at β and γ frequencies may enhance cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Stan Leung
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ravnoor Singh Gill
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bixia Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liangwei Chu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Singh L. Daidzein's potential in halting neurodegeneration: unveiling mechanistic insights. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03356-5. [PMID: 39158734 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03356-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Neurological conditions encompassing a wide range of disorders pose significant challenges globally. The complex interactions among signaling pathways and molecular elements play pivotal roles in the initiation and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Isoflavones have emerged as a promising candidate to fight against neurodegenerative diseases. Daidzein, a 7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-chromen-4-one, belongs to the isoflavone class and exhibits a diverse pharmacological profile. It is found primarily in soybeans and soy products, as well as in some other legumes and herbs. Investigations into daidzein have revealed that it confers neuroprotection by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, which are key contributors to neuronal damage and degeneration. Activating pathways like PI3K/Akt/mTOR and promoting neurotrophic factors like BDNF by daidzein underscore its potential in supporting neuronal function and combating neurodegeneration. Daidzein's effects on dopamine provide further avenues for intervention in conditions like Parkinson's disease. Additionally, the modulation of inflammatory and NRF-2-antioxidant signaling by daidzein reinforces its neuroprotective role. Moreover, daidzein's interaction with receptors and cellular processes like ER-β, GPR30, MAO, VEGF, and GnRH highlights its multifaceted effects across multiple pathways involved in neuroprotection and neuronal function. This review article delves into the mechanistic interplay of various mediators in mediating the neuroprotective effects of daidzein. The review article consolidates and analyzes research published over nearly two decades (2005-2024) from various databases, including PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science, to provide a comprehensive understanding of daidzein's effects and mechanisms in neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovedeep Singh
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India.
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3
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Bhola S, Park EJ, Lee HJ. Insect-derived extracts and peptides in neuroprotection. Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39159004 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2392410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Throughout history, various cultures have recognized the significance of insects and have integrated them into traditional medicinal practices. In addition to medicines, insects are garnering attention as a sustainable and nutritious dietary alternative. Although edible insects have long been recognized as food sources in many Asian cultures, recent scientific studies have highlighted their potential therapeutic benefits, particularly in the field of neuroprotection. This review explores insect-derived extracts and peptides, elucidating their neuroprotective potential. This review highlights the potential use of insects as a source of neuroprotective agents. Advancements in neuroprotection may find a key ally in insects as our understanding of the symbiotic relationship between insects and human health becomes more profound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Bhola
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Park
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Gachon Biomedical Convergence Institute, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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4
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Kaboutari M, Asle-Rousta M, Mahmazi S. Protective effect of menthol against thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation, augmenting expression of BDNF and α7-nACh receptor, and improving spatial memory. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 981:176916. [PMID: 39154831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome that can occur in people with acute or chronic liver disease. Here, we investigated the effects of menthol, a natural monoterpene, on HE induced by thioacetamide (TA) in male Wistar rats. The rats received 200 mg/kg of TA twice a week for four weeks and were administered 10 mg/kg of menthol intraperitoneally daily for the same period. The results showed that menthol treatment reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in the livers and hippocampi of the rats that received TA. It also lowered the levels of ammonium and liver enzymes AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT in the serum of these animals and prevented liver histopathological damage. In addition, the expression and activity of acetylcholinesterase in the hippocampus of HE model rats were decreased by menthol. Likewise, this monoterpene reduced the expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB in the hippocampus while increasing the expression of BDNF and α7-nACh receptor. Menthol also reduced neuronal death in the hippocampal cornu ammonis-1 and dentate gyrus regions and reduced astrocyte swelling, which led to improved learning and spatial memory in rats with HE. In conclusion, the study suggests that menthol may have strong protective effects on the liver and brain, making it a potential treatment for HE and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Kaboutari
- Department of Genetics, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Sanaz Mahmazi
- Department of Genetics, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
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5
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Deb S, Borah A. l-theanine, the unique constituent of tea, improves neuronal survivability by curtailing inflammatory responses in MPTP model of Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Int 2024; 179:105830. [PMID: 39128625 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Discrete components of tea possess multitude of health advantages. Escalating evidence advocate a consequential association between habitual tea consumption and a subsided risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). l-theanine is a non-protein amino acid inherent in tea plants, which exhibits structural resemblance with glutamate, the copious excitatory neurotransmitter in brain. Neuromodulatory effects of l-theanine are evident from its competency in traversing the blood brain barrier, promoting a sense of calmness beyond enervation, and enhancing cognition and attention. Despite the multifarious reports on antioxidant properties of l-theanine and its potential to regulate brain neurotransmitter levels, it is obligatory to understand its exact contribution in ameliorating the pathophysiology of PD. In this study, MPTP-induced mouse model was established and PD-like symptoms were developed in test animals where an increasing dosage of l-theanine (5, 25, 50, 100 and 250 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered for 23 days. 50 and 100 mg/kg dosage of l-theanine alleviated motor impairment and specific non-motor symptoms in Parkinsonian mice. The dosage of 100 mg/kg of l-theanine also improved striatal dopamine and serotonin level and tyrosine-hydroxylase positive cell count in the substantia nigra. Most crucial finding of the study is the proficiency of l-theanine to diminish astroglial injury as well as nitric oxide synthesis, which suggests its possible credential to prevent neurodegeneration by virtue of its anti-inflammatory attribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satarupa Deb
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India; Department of Zoology, Patharkandi College, Patharkandi, Karimganj, Assam, India.
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India.
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6
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Wei W, Lyu X, Markhard AL, Fu S, Mardjuki RE, Cavanagh PE, Zeng X, Rajniak J, Lu N, Xiao S, Zhao M, Moya-Garzon MD, Truong SD, Chou JCC, Wat LW, Chidambaranathan-Reghupaty S, Coassolo L, Xu D, Shen F, Huang W, Ramirez CB, Jang C, Li L, Svensson KJ, Fischbach MA, Long JZ. PTER is a N-acetyltaurine hydrolase that regulates feeding and obesity. Nature 2024:10.1038/s41586-024-07801-6. [PMID: 39112712 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
Taurine is a conditionally essential micronutrient and one of the most abundant amino acids in humans1-3. In endogenous taurine metabolism, dedicated enzymes are involved in the biosynthesis of taurine from cysteine and in the downstream metabolism of secondary taurine metabolites4,5. One taurine metabolite is N-acetyltaurine6. Levels of N-acetyltaurine are dynamically regulated by stimuli that alter taurine or acetate flux, including endurance exercise7, dietary taurine supplementation8 and alcohol consumption6,9. So far, the identities of the enzymes involved in N-acetyltaurine metabolism, and the potential functions of N-acetyltaurine itself, have remained unknown. Here we show that the body mass index associated orphan enzyme phosphotriesterase-related (PTER)10 is a physiological N-acetyltaurine hydrolase. In vitro, PTER catalyses the hydrolysis of N-acetyltaurine to taurine and acetate. In mice, PTER is expressed in the kidney, liver and brainstem. Genetic ablation of Pter in mice results in complete loss of tissue N-acetyltaurine hydrolysis activity and a systemic increase in N-acetyltaurine levels. After stimuli that increase taurine levels, Pter knockout mice exhibit reduced food intake, resistance to diet-induced obesity and improved glucose homeostasis. Administration of N-acetyltaurine to obese wild-type mice also reduces food intake and body weight in a GFRAL-dependent manner. These data place PTER into a central enzymatic node of secondary taurine metabolism and uncover a role for PTER and N-acetyltaurine in body weight control and energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xuchao Lyu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew L Markhard
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sipei Fu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rachel E Mardjuki
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peter E Cavanagh
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xianfeng Zeng
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jakub Rajniak
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nannan Lu
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shuke Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maria Dolores Moya-Garzon
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Steven D Truong
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Lianna W Wat
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Saranya Chidambaranathan-Reghupaty
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laetitia Coassolo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Duo Xu
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fangfang Shen
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wentao Huang
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cuauhtemoc B Ramirez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lingyin Li
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Arc Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Katrin J Svensson
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Fischbach
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Z Long
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience at the Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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7
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Li J, Orsi DL, Engers JL, Long MF, Capstick RA, Maurer MA, Presley CC, Vinson PN, Rodriguez AL, Han A, Cho HP, Chang S, Jackson M, Bubser M, Blobaum AL, Boutaud O, Nader MA, Niswender CM, Conn PJ, Jones CK, Lindsley CW, Han C. Development of VU6036864: A Triazolopyridine-Based High-Quality Antagonist Tool Compound of the M 5 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 39105778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
While the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mAChR subtype 5 (M5) has been studied over decades, recent findings suggest that more in-depth research is required to elucidate a thorough understanding of its physiological function related to neurological and psychiatric disorders. Our efforts to identify potent, selective, and pharmaceutically favorable next-generation M5 antagonist tool compounds have led to the discovery of a novel triazolopyridine-based series. In particular, VU6036864 (45) showed exquisite potency (human M5 IC50 = 20 nM), good subtype selectivity (>500 fold selectivity against human M1-4), desirable brain exposure (Kp = 0.68, Kp,uu = 0.65), and high oral bioavailability (%F > 100%). VU6036864 (45) and its close analogues will support further studies of M5 as advanced antagonist tool compounds and play an important role in the emerging biology of M5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Li
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Douglas L Orsi
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Julie L Engers
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Madeline F Long
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Rory A Capstick
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Mallory A Maurer
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Christopher C Presley
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Paige N Vinson
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Alice L Rodriguez
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Allie Han
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Hyekyung P Cho
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Sichen Chang
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Megan Jackson
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Michael Bubser
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Anna L Blobaum
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Olivier Boutaud
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Michael A Nader
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction Treatment, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard Winston-Salem, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction Treatment, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard Winston-Salem, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Changho Han
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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8
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Wen Y, Xu W, Wu Y, Tang Y, Liu M, Sha M, Li J, Xiao R, Hu L, Lin Y, Zhu C, Gu W. Bifunctional enzyme-mimicking metal-organic frameworks for sensitive acetylcholine analysis. Talanta 2024; 275:126112. [PMID: 38677169 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The development of nanomaterials with multi-enzyme-like activity is crucial for addressing challenges in multi-enzyme-based biosensing systems, including cross-talk between different enzymes and the complexities and costs associated with detection. In this study, Pt nanoparticles (Pt NPs) were successfully supported on a Zr-based metal-organic framework (MOF-808) to create a composite catalyst named MOF-808/Pt NPs. This composite catalyst effectively mimics the functions of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and peroxidase (POD). Leveraging this capability, we replaced AChE and POD with MOF-808/Pt NPs and constructed a biosensor for sensitive detection of acetylcholine (ACh). The MOF-808/Pt NPs catalyze the hydrolysis of ACh, resulting in the production of acetic acid. The subsequent reduction in pH value further enhances the POD-like activity of the MOFs, enabling signal amplification through the oxidation of a colorimetric substrate. This biosensor capitalizes on pH variations during the reaction to modulate the different enzyme-like activities of the MOFs, simplifying the detection process and eliminating cross-talk between different enzymes. The developed biosensor holds great promise for clinical diagnostic analysis and offers significant application value in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Weiqing Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Yu Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Yinjun Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Mingwang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Meng Sha
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Jinli Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Runshi Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, PR China
| | - Liuyong Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, PR China
| | - Yongxin Lin
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, 363000, PR China.
| | - Chengzhou Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China; College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Wenling Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China; Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Qingdao, 266042, PR China.
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9
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Iwase M, Diba K, Pastalkova E, Mizuseki K. Dynamics of spike transmission and suppression between principal cells and interneurons in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. Hippocampus 2024; 34:393-421. [PMID: 38874439 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Synaptic excitation and inhibition are essential for neuronal communication. However, the variables that regulate synaptic excitation and inhibition in the intact brain remain largely unknown. Here, we examined how spike transmission and suppression between principal cells (PCs) and interneurons (INTs) are modulated by activity history, brain state, cell type, and somatic distance between presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons by applying cross-correlogram analyses to datasets recorded from the dorsal hippocampus and medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) of 11 male behaving and sleeping Long Evans rats. The strength, temporal delay, and brain-state dependency of the spike transmission and suppression depended on the subregions/layers. The spike transmission probability of PC-INT excitatory pairs that showed short-term depression versus short-term facilitation was higher in CA1 and lower in CA3. Likewise, the intersomatic distance affected the proportion of PC-INT excitatory pairs that showed short-term depression and facilitation in the opposite manner in CA1 compared with CA3. The time constant of depression was longer, while that of facilitation was shorter in MEC than in CA1 and CA3. During sharp-wave ripples, spike transmission showed a larger gain in the MEC than in CA1 and CA3. The intersomatic distance affected the spike transmission gain during sharp-wave ripples differently in CA1 versus CA3. A subgroup of MEC layer 3 (EC3) INTs preferentially received excitatory inputs from and inhibited MEC layer 2 (EC2) PCs. The EC2 PC-EC3 INT excitatory pairs, most of which showed short-term depression, exhibited higher spike transmission probabilities than the EC2 PC-EC2 INT and EC3 PC-EC3 INT excitatory pairs. EC2 putative stellate cells exhibited stronger spike transmission to and received weaker spike suppression from EC3 INTs than EC2 putative pyramidal cells. This study provides detailed comparisons of monosynaptic interaction dynamics in the hippocampal-entorhinal loop, which may help to elucidate circuit operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motosada Iwase
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kamran Diba
- Department of Anesthesiology, Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Eva Pastalkova
- The William Alanson White Institute of Psychiatry, Psychoanalysis & Psychology, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kenji Mizuseki
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
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10
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Prajapati SK, Pathak A, Samaiya PK. Alzheimer's disease: from early pathogenesis to novel therapeutic approaches. Metab Brain Dis 2024:10.1007/s11011-024-01389-6. [PMID: 39046584 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-024-01389-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The mainstay behind Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unknown due to the elusive pathophysiology of the disease. Beta-amyloid and phosphorylated Tau is still widely incorporated in various research studies while studying AD. However, they are not sufficient. Therefore, many scientists and researchers have dug into AD studies to deliver many innovations in this field. Many novel biomarkers, such as phosphoglycerate-dehydrogenase, clusterin, microRNA, and a new peptide ratio (Aβ37/Aβ42) in cerebral-spinal fluid, plasma glial-fibrillary-acidic-protein, and lipid peroxidation biomarkers, are mushrooming. They are helping scientists find breakthroughs and substantiating their research on the early detection of AD. Neurovascular unit dysfunction in AD is a significant discovery that can help us understand the relationship between neuronal activity and cerebral blood flow. These new biomarkers are promising and can take these AD studies to another level. There have also been big steps forward in diagnosing and finding AD. One example is self-administered-gerocognitive-examination, which is less expensive and better at finding AD early on than mini-mental-state-examination. Quantum brain sensors and electrochemical biosensors are innovations in the detection field that must be explored and incorporated into the studies. Finally, novel innovations in AD studies like nanotheranostics are the future of AD treatment, which can not only diagnose and detect AD but also offer treatment. Non-pharmacological strategies to treat AD have also yielded interesting results. Our literature review spans from 1957 to 2022, capturing research and trends in the field over six decades. This review article is an update not only on the recent advances in the search for credible biomarkers but also on the newer detection techniques and therapeutic approaches targeting AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Prajapati
- Bhavdiya Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Ayodhya, UP, India
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Arjit Pathak
- Department of Pharmacy Shri G.S. Institute of Technology and Science, Indore, 452003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Puneet K Samaiya
- Department of Pharmacy Shri G.S. Institute of Technology and Science, Indore, 452003, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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11
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Koçak Aslan E, Sezer A, Tüylü Küçükkılınç T, Palaska E. Novel 1,2,4-triazole derivatives containing the naphthalene moiety as selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024:e2400406. [PMID: 39034293 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is considered a promising therapeutic target for treating Alzheimer's disease due to the increase in the levels and activity of BChE in the late stage of the disease. In this study, a series of novel 1,2,4-triazole derivatives bearing the naphthalene moiety linked to the benzothiazole, thiazole, and phenyl scaffolds via amid chain were designed and synthesized as potential and selective BChE inhibitors. The results of the inhibitory activity studies revealed that most of these compounds exhibited significant inhibitor potency on BChE. Compounds 35a (0.025 ± 0.01 μM) and 37a (0.035 ± 0.01 μM) displayed the most potent inhibitory activity, with excellent selectivity against BChE over acetylcholinesterase (SIBChE, 23,686 and 16,936, respectively) among the target compounds. The kinetics studies revealed that these compounds behaved with noncompetitive BChE inhibitors. Molecular docking studies indicated that 35a and 37a fit well into the active side of BChE. In addition, 35a and 37a also had the lowest cytotoxicity for human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y), potential antioxidant capacity, moderate inhibition potency on amyloid-β1-42 aggregation, and significant neuroprotective effect against SH-SY5Y cell injury induced by H2O2 and amyloid-β1-42. All results suggest that these compounds might be considered as promising new lead compounds in the drug discovery process for the treatment of late-stage Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Koçak Aslan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Sıhhiye, Turkey
| | - Aysima Sezer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tuba Tüylü Küçükkılınç
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erhan Palaska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Sıhhiye, Turkey
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12
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Nagy LV, Bali ZK, Ledneczki I, Némethy Z, Lendvai B, Hernádi I. Cellular Mechanisms of Cognitive Enhancement: The In Vivo Modulation of the Firing Activity and the Responsiveness of Rat Hippocampal Neurons by Memantine and Alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Ligands. ASN Neuro 2024; 16:2371160. [PMID: 39024573 DOI: 10.1080/17590914.2024.2371160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Promising new pharmacological strategies for the enhancement of cognition target either nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) or N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR). There is also an increasing interest in low-dose combination therapies co-targeting the above neurotransmitter systems to reach greater efficacy over the monotreatments and to reduce possible side effects of high-dose monotreatments. In the present study, we assessed modulatory effects of the α7 nAChR-selective agonist PHA-543613 (PHA), a novel α7 nAChR positive allosteric modulator compound (CompoundX) and the NMDAR antagonist memantine on the in vivo firing activity of CA1 pyramidal neurons in the rat hippocampus. Three different test conditions were applied: spontaneous firing activity, NMDA-evoked firing activity and ACh-evoked firing activity. Results showed that high but not low doses of memantine decreased NMDA-evoked firing activity, and low doses increased the spontaneous and ACh-evoked firing activity. Systemically applied PHA robustly potentiated ACh-evoked firing activity with having no effect on NMDA-evoked activity. In addition, CompoundX increased both NMDA- and ACh-evoked firing activity, having no effects on spontaneous firing of the neurons. A combination of low doses of memantine and PHA increased firing activity in all test conditions and similar effects were observed with memantine and CompoundX but without spontaneous firing activity increasing effects. Our present results demonstrate that α7 nAChR agents beneficially interact with Alzheimer's disease medication memantine. Moreover, positive allosteric modulators potentiate memantine effects on the right time and the right place without affecting spontaneous firing activity. All these data confirm previous behavioral evidence for the viability of combination therapies for cognitive enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Veronika Nagy
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Hungary
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Center for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Hungary
- Grastyán Translational Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Kristóf Bali
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Center for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Hungary
- Grastyán Translational Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Zsolt Némethy
- Pharmacology and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Lendvai
- Pharmacology and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Richter, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Hernádi
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Hungary
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Center for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Hungary
- Grastyán Translational Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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13
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Hu Z, Hu Y, Huang L, Zhong W, Zhang J, Lei D, Chen Y, Ni Y, Liu Y. Recent Progress in Organic Electrochemical Transistor-Structured Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:330. [PMID: 39056606 PMCID: PMC11274720 DOI: 10.3390/bios14070330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The continued advancement of organic electronic technology will establish organic electrochemical transistors as pivotal instruments in the field of biological detection. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art technology and advancements in the use of organic electrochemical transistors as biosensors. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the diverse modification materials, methods, and mechanisms utilized in organic electrochemical transistor-structured biosensors (OETBs) for the selective detection of a wide range of target analyte encompassing electroactive species, electro-inactive species, and cancer cells. Recent advances in OETBs for use in sensing systems and wearable and implantable applications are also briefly introduced. Finally, challenges and opportunities in the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuotao Hu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Z.H.); (Y.H.); (W.Z.); (J.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yingchao Hu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Z.H.); (Y.H.); (W.Z.); (J.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Lu Huang
- School of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Wei Zhong
- School of Integrated Circuits, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Z.H.); (Y.H.); (W.Z.); (J.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Z.H.); (Y.H.); (W.Z.); (J.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Dengyun Lei
- School of Integrated Circuits, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Z.H.); (Y.H.); (W.Z.); (J.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yayi Chen
- School of Integrated Circuits, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Z.H.); (Y.H.); (W.Z.); (J.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yao Ni
- School of Integrated Circuits, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Z.H.); (Y.H.); (W.Z.); (J.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Z.H.); (Y.H.); (W.Z.); (J.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.C.)
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14
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Lee DG, McLachlan CA, Nogueira R, Kwon O, Carey AE, House G, Lagani GD, LaMay D, Fusi S, Chen JL. Perirhinal cortex learns a predictive map of the task environment. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5544. [PMID: 38956015 PMCID: PMC11219840 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47365-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Goal-directed tasks involve acquiring an internal model, known as a predictive map, of relevant stimuli and associated outcomes to guide behavior. Here, we identified neural signatures of a predictive map of task behavior in perirhinal cortex (Prh). Mice learned to perform a tactile working memory task by classifying sequential whisker stimuli over multiple training stages. Chronic two-photon calcium imaging, population analysis, and computational modeling revealed that Prh encodes stimulus features as sensory prediction errors. Prh forms stable stimulus-outcome associations that can progressively be decoded earlier in the trial as training advances and that generalize as animals learn new contingencies. Stimulus-outcome associations are linked to prospective network activity encoding possible expected outcomes. This link is mediated by cholinergic signaling to guide task performance, demonstrated by acetylcholine imaging and systemic pharmacological perturbation. We propose that Prh combines error-driven and map-like properties to acquire a predictive map of learned task behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Center for Neurophotonics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Caroline A McLachlan
- Center for Neurophotonics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Ramon Nogueira
- Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Osung Kwon
- Center for Neurophotonics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Alanna E Carey
- Center for Neurophotonics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Garrett House
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Gavin D Lagani
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Danielle LaMay
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Stefano Fusi
- Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Jerry L Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Center for Neurophotonics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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15
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Hauck A, Michael T, Issler TC, Klein S, Lass-Hennemann J, Ferreira de Sá DS. Can glucose facilitate fear exposure? Randomized, placebo-controlled trials on the effects of glucose administration on fear extinction processes. Behav Res Ther 2024; 178:104553. [PMID: 38728832 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that glucose has beneficial effects on memory function and can enhance contextual fear learning. To derive potential therapeutic interventions, further research is needed regarding the effects of glucose on fear extinction. In two experimental studies with healthy participants (Study 1: N = 68, 39 females; Study 2: N = 89, 67 females), we investigated the effects of glucose on fear extinction learning and its consolidation. Participants completed a differential fear conditioning paradigm consisting of acquisition, extinction, and return of fear tests: reinstatement, and extinction recall. US-expectancy ratings, skin conductance response (SCR), and fear potentiated startle (FPS) were collected. Participants were pseudorandomized and double-blinded to one of two groups: They received either a drink containing glucose or saccharine 20 min before (Study 1) or immediately after extinction (Study 2). The glucose group showed a significantly stronger decrease in differential FPS during extinction (Study 1) and extinction recall (Study 2). Additionally, the glucose group showed a significantly lower contextual anxiety at test of reinstatement (Study 2). Our findings provide first evidence that glucose supports the process of fear extinction, and in particular the consolidation of fear extinction memory, and thus has potential as a beneficial adjuvant to extinction-based treatments. Registered through the German Clinical Trials Registry (https://www.bfarm.de/EN/BfArM/Tasks/German-Clinical-Trials-Register/_node.html; Study 1: DRKS00010550; Study 2: DRKS00018933).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hauck
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tanja Michael
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tobias C Issler
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Steven Klein
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Johanna Lass-Hennemann
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Diana S Ferreira de Sá
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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16
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Wahl D, Grant RA, LaRocca TJ. The reverse transcriptase inhibitor 3TC modulates hippocampal transcriptome signatures of inflammation in tauopathy model mice. Exp Gerontol 2024; 192:112458. [PMID: 38735597 PMCID: PMC11185825 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Reducing neuroinflammation, a key contributor to brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases, is a promising strategy for improving cognitive function in these settings. The FDA-approved nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor 3TC (Lamivudine) has been reported to improve cognitive function in old wild-type mice and multiple mouse models of neurodegenerative disease, but its effects on the brain have not been comprehensively investigated. In the current study, we used transcriptomics to broadly characterize the effects of long-term supplementation with a human-equivalent therapeutic dose of 3TC on the hippocampal transcriptome in male and female rTg4510 mice (a commonly studied model of tauopathy-associated neurodegeneration). We found that tauopathy increased hippocampal transcriptomic signatures of neuroinflammation/immune activation, but 3TC treatment reversed some of these effects. We also found that 3TC mitigated tauopathy-associated activation of key transcription factors that contribute to neuroinflammation and immune activation, and these changes were related to improved recognition memory performance. Collectively, our findings suggest that 3TC exerts protective effects against tauopathy in the hippocampus by modulating inflammation and immune activation, and they may provide helpful insight for ongoing clinical efforts to determine if 3TC and/or related therapeutics hold promise for treating neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin Wahl
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America; Columbine Health Systems Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Randy A Grant
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America; Columbine Health Systems Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Thomas J LaRocca
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America; Columbine Health Systems Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America.
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17
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Nuiten SA, de Gee JW, Zantvoord JB, Fahrenfort JJ, van Gaal S. Pharmacological Elevation of Catecholamine Levels Improves Perceptual Decisions, But Not Metacognitive Insight. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0019-24.2024. [PMID: 39029953 PMCID: PMC11287790 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0019-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Perceptual decisions are often accompanied by a feeling of decision confidence. Where the parietal cortex is known for its crucial role in shaping such perceptual decisions, metacognitive evaluations are thought to additionally rely on the (pre)frontal cortex. Because of this supposed neural differentiation between these processes, perceptual and metacognitive decisions may be divergently affected by changes in internal (e.g., attention, arousal) and external (e.g., task and environmental demands) factors. Although intriguing, causal evidence for this hypothesis remains scarce. Here, we investigated the causal effect of two neuromodulatory systems on behavioral and neural measures of perceptual and metacognitive decision-making. Specifically, we pharmacologically elevated levels of catecholamines (with atomoxetine) and acetylcholine (with donepezil) in healthy adult human participants performing a visual discrimination task in which we gauged decision confidence, while electroencephalography was measured. Where cholinergic effects were not robust, catecholaminergic enhancement improved perceptual sensitivity, while at the same time leaving metacognitive sensitivity unaffected. Neurally, catecholaminergic elevation did not affect sensory representations of task-relevant visual stimuli but instead enhanced well-known decision signals measured over the centroparietal cortex, reflecting the accumulation of sensory evidence over time. Crucially, catecholaminergic enhancement concurrently impoverished neural markers measured over the frontal cortex linked to the formation of metacognitive evaluations. Enhanced catecholaminergic neuromodulation thus improves perceptual but not metacognitive decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn A Nuiten
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain & Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Willem de Gee
- Amsterdam Brain & Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jasper B Zantvoord
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johannes J Fahrenfort
- Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology - Cognitive Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Simon van Gaal
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain & Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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18
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Kloc ML, Holmes GL, Barry JM. Sex differences in cholinergic signaling affect functional outcomes for theta-gamma coordination in hippocampal subcircuits following experimental febrile status epilepticus. Epilepsia 2024; 65:2138-2151. [PMID: 38780490 PMCID: PMC11251858 DOI: 10.1111/epi.18017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sex determines cognitive outcome in animal models of early life seizure, where males exhibit impaired hippocampal-dependent learning and memory compared with females. The physiological underpinnings of this sex effect are unclear. Cholinergic signaling is essential for the generation of hippocampal oscillations, and supplementation of cholinergic precursors prior to status epilepticus in immature male rats prevents subsequent memory deficits. We hypothesized that there are sex differences in acetylcholine circuits and their response to experimental febrile status epilepticus (eFSE). METHODS eFSE was induced in male and female rat pups. We transversed the hippocampus of postnatal day >60 control (CTL) and eFSE rats with a 64-channel laminar silicon probe to assay cholinergic-dependent theta oscillations under urethane anesthesia. Local field potential properties were compared during (1) baseline sensory stimulation, (2) pharmacological stimulation via acetylcholine reuptake blockade, and (3) sensory stimulation after muscarinic acetylcholine receptor block (atropine). RESULTS In all groups, a baseline tail pinch could elicit theta oscillations via corticohippocampal synaptic input. Following atropine, a tail pinch response could no longer be elicited in CTL male, CTL female, or eFSE female rats. In contrast, induced slow theta power in eFSE males after atropine was not decreased to spontaneous levels. Analysis of oscillation bandwidths revealed sex differences in acetylcholine modulation of theta frequency and slow gamma frequency and power. This study also identified significant effects of both sex and eFSE on baseline theta-gamma comodulation, indicating a loss of coupling in eFSE males and a potential gain of function in eFSE females. SIGNIFICANCE There are differences in cholinergic modulation of theta and gamma signal coordination between male and female rats. These differences may underlie worse cognitive outcomes in males following eFSE. Promoting the efficacy of muscarinic acetylcholine signaling prior to or following early life seizures could elucidate a mechanism for the temporal discoordination of neural signals within and between hippocampus and neocortex and provide a novel therapeutic approach for improving cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Kloc
- Epilepsy Cognition and Development Group, Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Gregory L Holmes
- Epilepsy Cognition and Development Group, Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Jeremy M Barry
- Epilepsy Cognition and Development Group, Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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19
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Fatahi N, Jafari-Sabet M, Vahabzadeh G, Komaki A. Role of hippocampal and prefrontal cortical cholinergic transmission in combination therapy valproate and cannabidiol in memory consolidation in rats: involvement of CREB- BDNF signaling pathways. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:5029-5047. [PMID: 38189934 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02941-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cognitive disorders are associated with valproate and drugs used to treat neuropsychological diseases. Cannabidiol (CBD) has beneficial effects on cognitive function. This study examined the effects of co-administration of CBD and valproate on memory consolidation, cholinergic transmission, and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HPC). METHODS One-trial, step-through inhibitory test was used to evaluate memory consolidation in rats. The intra-CA1 injection of physostigmine and atropine was performed to assess the role of cholinergic transmission in this co-administration. Phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB)/CREB ratio and BDNF levels in the PFC and HPC were evaluated. RESULTS Post-training intraperitoneal (i.p.) valproate injection reduced memory consolidation; however, post-training co-administration of CBD with valproate ameliorated memory impairment induced by valproate. Post-training intra-CA1 injection of physostigmine at the ineffective doses in memory consolidation (0.5 and 1 µg/rat), plus injection of 10 mg/kg of CBD as an ineffective dose, improved memory loss induced by valproate, which was associated with BDNF and p-CREB level enhancement in the PFC and HPC. Conversely, post-training intra-CA1 injection of ineffective doses of atropine (1 and 2 µg/rat) reduced the positive effects of injection of CBD at a dose of 20 mg/kg on valproate-induced memory loss associated with BDNF and p-CREB level reduction in the PFC and HPC. CONCLUSION The results indicated a beneficial interplay between valproate and CBD in the process of memory consolidation, which probably creates this interaction through the BDNF-CREB signaling pathways in the cholinergic transmission of the PFC and HPC regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Fatahi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Jafari-Sabet
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
- Razi Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gelareh Vahabzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Razi Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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20
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Ge Y, Ming L, Xu D. Sevoflurane-induced cognitive effect on α7-nicotine receptor and M 1 acetylcholine receptor expression in the hippocampus of aged rats. Neurol Res 2024; 46:593-604. [PMID: 38747300 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2024.2338031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sevoflurane treatment increases the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), and patients with POCD show a decline in cognitive abilities compared to preoperative levels. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate whether the activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) and the expression of M1 acetylcholine receptor (mAChR M1) in the hippocampus affects the cognitive function of aged rats. METHODS Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats of 1-week- and 12-months-old were divided into eight groups: four groups for α7nAChR and four groups for mAChR M1, respectively. All SD rats received 1.0-02% sevoflurane for α7nAChR and 1.0-02% sevoflurane for mAChR M1 for 2-6 h, respectively. The Y-maze test was used to assess the ability to learn and memory after receiving sevoflurane for 7 days at the same moment portion. RT-PCR was used to determine the expression of α7nAChR and mAChR M1 in the hippocampus of rats. RESULTS The α7nAChR mitigated the formation of sevoflurane-induced memory impairment by modulating the translocation of NR2B from the intracellular reservoir to the cell surface reservoir within the hippocampus. Next, sevoflurane-induced decline of cognitive function and significantly decreased mAChR M1 expression at mRNA levels. CONCLUSION α7nAChR regulates the trafficking of NR2B in the hippocampus of rats via the Src-family tyrosine kinase (SFK) pathway. This regulation is associated with cognitive deficits induced by sevoflurane in hippocampal development. Sevoflurane affects the cognitive function of rats by suppressing the mAChR M1 expression at mRNA levels in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Ming
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Dedong Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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21
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Drollette ES, Pasupathi PA, Slutsky-Ganesh AB, Etnier JL. Take a Break for Memory Sake! Effects of Short Physical Activity Breaks on Inhibitory Control, Episodic Memory, and Event-Related Potentials in Children. Brain Sci 2024; 14:626. [PMID: 39061367 PMCID: PMC11274896 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14070626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The pervasive sedentary lifestyle exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly reduced physical activity (PA) among school-age children, necessitating innovative strategies to evaluate short PA breaks that are feasible in a classroom setting. This study explored the cognitive and neurophysiological (electroencephalography; EEG) impacts of short bouts of different PA modalities on inhibitory control (flanker task) and episodic memory (word recognition task) in children. Utilizing a within-participants cross-over design, thirty-six children (n = 36; 9-12 years old) attended the lab on three separate days with each visit including either a 9 min bout of sustained moderate-intensity cycling, high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), or seated rest. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were assessed during the flanker task (P3 component) and the word recognition task (LPC and FN400 components) to elucidate the neural mechanisms underpinning behavioral outcomes. Findings indicated no differences in flanker performance but greater episodic memory recall for HIIE compared to seated rest. Neurophysiological results revealed no differences for P3, but notably larger amplitude for LPC and FN400 postcycling, particularly over parietal electrode sites. These results underscore the potential of short PA breaks to improve cognitive and neurocognitive function in children, offering a feasible integration strategy into daily school routines without extensive time commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Drollette
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (P.A.P.); (A.B.S.-G.); (J.L.E.)
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22
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Stuart SA, Palacios-Filardo J, Domanski A, Udakis M, Duguid I, Jones MW, Mellor JR. Hippocampal-dependent navigation in head-fixed mice using a floating real-world environment. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14315. [PMID: 38906952 PMCID: PMC11192748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64807-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Head-fixation of mice enables high-resolution monitoring of neuronal activity coupled with precise control of environmental stimuli. Virtual reality can be used to emulate the visual experience of movement during head fixation, but a low inertia floating real-world environment (mobile homecage, MHC) has the potential to engage more sensory modalities and provide a richer experimental environment for complex behavioral tasks. However, it is not known whether mice react to this adapted environment in a similar manner to real environments, or whether the MHC can be used to implement validated, maze-based behavioral tasks. Here, we show that hippocampal place cell representations are intact in the MHC and that the system allows relatively long (20 min) whole-cell patch clamp recordings from dorsal CA1 pyramidal neurons, revealing sub-threshold membrane potential dynamics. Furthermore, mice learn the location of a liquid reward within an adapted T-maze guided by 2-dimensional spatial navigation cues and relearn the location when spatial contingencies are reversed. Bilateral infusions of scopolamine show that this learning is hippocampus-dependent and requires intact cholinergic signalling. Therefore, we characterize the MHC system as an experimental tool to study sub-threshold membrane potential dynamics that underpin complex navigation behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Stuart
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Jon Palacios-Filardo
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Aleks Domanski
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Matt Udakis
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Ian Duguid
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Matt W Jones
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Jack R Mellor
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
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Abdelmissih S, Abdelgwad M, Ali DME, Negm MSI, Eshra MA, Youssef A. High-dose Agomelatine Combined with Haloperidol Decanoate Improves Cognition, Downregulates MT2, Upregulates D5, and Maintains Krüppel-like Factor 9 But Alters Cardiac Electrophysiology. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 390:125-145. [PMID: 38816228 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.002087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Haloperidol decanoate (HD) has been implicated in cognitive impairment. Agomelatine (AGO) has been claimed to improve cognition. We aimed at investigating the effects of HD + low- or high-dose AGO on cognition, verifying the melatonergic/dopaminergic to the cholinergic hypothesis of cognition and exploring relevant cardiovascular issues in adult male Wistar albino rats. HD + high-dose AGO prolonged the step-through latency by +61.47% (P < 0.0001), increased the time spent in bright light by +439.49% (P < 0.0001), reduced the time spent in dim light by -66.25% (P < 0.0001), and increased the percent of alternations by +71.25% (P < 0.0001), despite the reductions in brain acetylcholine level by -10.67% (P < 0.0001). Neurodegeneration was minimal, while the mean power frequency of the source wave was reduced by -23.39% (P < 0.05). Concurrently, the relative expression of brain melatonin type 2 receptors was reduced by -18.75% (P < 0.05), against increased expressions of dopamine type 5 receptors by +22.22% (P < 0.0001) and angiopoietin-like 4 by +119.18% (P < 0.0001). Meanwhile, electrocardiogram (ECG) demonstrated inverted P wave, reduced P wave duration by -36.15% (P < 0.0001) and PR interval by -19.91% (P < 0.0001), prolonged RR interval by +27.97% (P < 0.05), increased R wave amplitude by +523.15% (P < 0.0001), and a depressed ST segment and inverted T wave. In rats administered AGO, HD, or HD+ low-dose AGO, Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like neuropathologic features were more evident, accompanied by extensive ECG and neurochemical alterations. HD + high-dose AGO enhances cognition but alters cardiac electrophysiology. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Given the issue of cognitive impairment associated with HD and the claimed cognitive-enhancing activity of AGO, combined high-dose AGO with HD improved cognition of adult male rats, who exhibited minimal neurodegenerative changes. HD+ high-dose AGO was relatively safe regarding triggering epileptogenesis, while it altered cardiac electrophysiology. In the presence of low acetylcholine, the melatonergic/dopaminergic hypothesis, added to angiopoietin-like 4 and Krüppel-like factor 9, could offer some clue, thus offering novel targets for pharmacologic manipulation of cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherine Abdelmissih
- Departments of Medical Pharmacology (S.A., A.Y.), Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.A.), Pathology (M.S.I.N.), and Medical Physiology (M.A.E.), Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al-Ainy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt (D.M.E.A.)
| | - Marwa Abdelgwad
- Departments of Medical Pharmacology (S.A., A.Y.), Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.A.), Pathology (M.S.I.N.), and Medical Physiology (M.A.E.), Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al-Ainy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt (D.M.E.A.)
| | - Doaa Mohamed Elroby Ali
- Departments of Medical Pharmacology (S.A., A.Y.), Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.A.), Pathology (M.S.I.N.), and Medical Physiology (M.A.E.), Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al-Ainy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt (D.M.E.A.)
| | - Mohamed Sharif Ismail Negm
- Departments of Medical Pharmacology (S.A., A.Y.), Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.A.), Pathology (M.S.I.N.), and Medical Physiology (M.A.E.), Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al-Ainy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt (D.M.E.A.)
| | - Mohamed Ali Eshra
- Departments of Medical Pharmacology (S.A., A.Y.), Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.A.), Pathology (M.S.I.N.), and Medical Physiology (M.A.E.), Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al-Ainy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt (D.M.E.A.)
| | - Amal Youssef
- Departments of Medical Pharmacology (S.A., A.Y.), Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.A.), Pathology (M.S.I.N.), and Medical Physiology (M.A.E.), Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al-Ainy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt (D.M.E.A.)
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24
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Zaborszky L, Varsanyi P, Alloway K, Chavez C, Gielow M, Gombkoto P, Kondo H, Nadasdy Z. Functional architecture of the forebrain cholinergic system in rodents. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4504727. [PMID: 38947053 PMCID: PMC11213185 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4504727/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The basal forebrain cholinergic system (BFCS) participates in functions that are global across the brain, such as sleep-wake cycles, but also participates in capacities that are more behaviorally and anatomically specific, including sensory perception. To better understand the underlying organization principles of the BFCS, more and higher quality anatomical data and analysis is needed. Here, we created a "virtual Basal Forebrain", combining data from numerous rats with cortical retrograde tracer injections into a common 3D reference coordinate space and developed a "spatial density correlation" methodology to analyze patterns in BFCS cortical projection targets, revealing that the BFCS is organized into three principal networks: somatosensory-motor, auditory, and visual. Within each network, clusters of cholinergic cells with increasing complexity innervate cortical targets. These networks represent hierarchically organized building blocks that may enable the BFCS to coordinate spatially selective signaling, including parallel modulation of multiple functionally interconnected yet diverse groups of cortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Gombkoto
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH Zurich)
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25
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Baek HI, Ha KC, Park YK, Kim TY, Park SJ. Efficacy and Safety of Panax ginseng Sprout Extract in Subjective Memory Impairment: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:1952. [PMID: 38931306 PMCID: PMC11206504 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sprout ginseng extract (ThinkGIN™) manufactured through a smart farm system has been shown to improve memory in preclinical studies. This study conducted a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ThinkGIN™ for improving memory in subjective memory impairment (SMI). Subjects aged 55 to 75 years with SMI participated in this study. A total of 80 subjects who met the inclusion/exclusion criteria were assigned to the ThinkGIN™ group (n = 40, 450 mg ThinkGIN™/day) or a placebo group (n = 40). Efficacy and safety evaluations were conducted before intervention and at 12 weeks after intervention. As a result of 12 weeks of ThinkGIN™ intake, significant differences in SVLT, RCFT, MoCA-K, PSQI-K, and AChE were observed between the two groups. Safety evaluation (AEs, laboratory tests, vital signs, and electrocardiogram) revealed that ThinkGIN™ was safe with no clinically significant changes. Therefore, ThinkGIN™ has the potential to be used as a functional food to improve memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyang-Im Baek
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea;
- Healthcare Claims & Management Inc., Jeonju 54858, Republic of Korea; (K.-C.H.); (Y.-K.P.)
| | - Ki-Chan Ha
- Healthcare Claims & Management Inc., Jeonju 54858, Republic of Korea; (K.-C.H.); (Y.-K.P.)
| | - Yu-Kyung Park
- Healthcare Claims & Management Inc., Jeonju 54858, Republic of Korea; (K.-C.H.); (Y.-K.P.)
| | | | - Soo-Jung Park
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju 55338, Republic of Korea
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26
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Kafkas A. Eyes on Memory: Pupillometry in Encoding and Retrieval. Vision (Basel) 2024; 8:37. [PMID: 38922182 PMCID: PMC11209248 DOI: 10.3390/vision8020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This review critically examines the contributions of pupillometry to memory research, primarily focusing on its enhancement of our understanding of memory encoding and retrieval mechanisms mainly investigated with the recognition memory paradigm. The evidence supports a close link between pupil response and memory formation, notably influenced by the type of novelty detected. This proposal reconciles inconsistencies in the literature regarding pupil response patterns that may predict successful memory formation, and highlights important implications for encoding mechanisms. The review also discusses the pupil old/new effect and its significance in the context of recollection and in reflecting brain signals related to familiarity or novelty detection. Additionally, the capacity of pupil response to serve as a true memory signal and to distinguish between true and false memories is evaluated. The evidence provides insights into the nature of false memories and offers a novel understanding of the cognitive mechanisms involved in memory distortions. When integrated with rigorous experimental design, pupillometry can significantly refine theoretical models of memory encoding and retrieval. Furthermore, combining pupillometry with neuroimaging and pharmacological interventions is identified as a promising direction for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Kafkas
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Psychology, Communication and Human Neuroscience, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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27
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Pirazzini G, Ursino M. Modeling the contribution of theta-gamma coupling to sequential memory, imagination, and dreaming. Front Neural Circuits 2024; 18:1326609. [PMID: 38947492 PMCID: PMC11211613 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2024.1326609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Gamma oscillations nested in a theta rhythm are observed in the hippocampus, where are assumed to play a role in sequential episodic memory, i.e., memorization and retrieval of events that unfold in time. In this work, we present an original neurocomputational model based on neural masses, which simulates the encoding of sequences of events in the hippocampus and subsequent retrieval by exploiting the theta-gamma code. The model is based on a three-layer structure in which individual Units oscillate with a gamma rhythm and code for individual features of an episode. The first layer (working memory in the prefrontal cortex) maintains a cue in memory until a new signal is presented. The second layer (CA3 cells) implements an auto-associative memory, exploiting excitatory and inhibitory plastic synapses to recover an entire episode from a single feature. Units in this layer are disinhibited by a theta rhythm from an external source (septum or Papez circuit). The third layer (CA1 cells) implements a hetero-associative net with the previous layer, able to recover a sequence of episodes from the first one. During an encoding phase, simulating high-acetylcholine levels, the network is trained with Hebbian (synchronizing) and anti-Hebbian (desynchronizing) rules. During retrieval (low-acetylcholine), the network can correctly recover sequences from an initial cue using gamma oscillations nested inside the theta rhythm. Moreover, in high noise, the network isolated from the environment simulates a mind-wandering condition, randomly replicating previous sequences. Interestingly, in a state simulating sleep, with increased noise and reduced synapses, the network can "dream" by creatively combining sequences, exploiting features shared by different episodes. Finally, an irrational behavior (erroneous superimposition of features in various episodes, like "delusion") occurs after pathological-like reduction in fast inhibitory synapses. The model can represent a straightforward and innovative tool to help mechanistically understand the theta-gamma code in different mental states.
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Tang R, Franz CE, Hauger RL, Dale AM, Dorros SM, Eyler LT, Fennema-Notestine C, Hagler DJ, Lyons MJ, Panizzon MS, Puckett OK, Williams ME, Elman JA, Kremen WS. Early Cortical Microstructural Changes in Aging Are Linked to Vulnerability to Alzheimer's Disease Pathology. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024:S2451-9022(24)00158-7. [PMID: 38878863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early identification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk is critical for improving treatment success. Cortical thickness is a macrostructural measure used to assess neurodegeneration in AD. However, cortical microstructural changes appear to precede macrostructural atrophy and may improve early risk identification. Currently, whether cortical microstructural changes in aging are linked to vulnerability to AD pathophysiology remains unclear in nonclinical populations, who are precisely the target for early risk identification. METHODS In 194 adults, we calculated magnetic resonance imaging-derived maps of changes in cortical mean diffusivity (microstructure) and cortical thickness (macrostructure) over 5 to 6 years (mean age: time 1 = 61.82 years; time 2 = 67.48 years). Episodic memory was assessed using 3 well-established tests. We obtained positron emission tomography-derived maps of AD pathology deposition (amyloid-β, tau) and neurotransmitter receptors (cholinergic, glutamatergic) implicated in AD pathophysiology. Spatial correlational analyses were used to compare pattern similarity among maps. RESULTS Spatial patterns of cortical macrostructural changes resembled patterns of cortical organization sensitive to age-related processes (r = -0.31, p < .05), whereas microstructural changes resembled the patterns of tau deposition in AD (r = 0.39, p = .038). Individuals with patterns of microstructural changes that more closely resembled stereotypical tau deposition exhibited greater memory decline (β = 0.22, p = .029). Microstructural changes and AD pathology deposition were enriched in areas with greater densities of cholinergic and glutamatergic receptors (ps < .05). CONCLUSIONS Patterns of cortical microstructural changes were more AD-like than patterns of macrostructural changes, which appeared to reflect more general aging processes. Microstructural changes may better inform early risk prediction efforts as a sensitive measure of vulnerability to pathological processes prior to overt atrophy and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxiang Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
| | - Carol E Franz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Richard L Hauger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Stephen M Dorros
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Lisa T Eyler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Christine Fennema-Notestine
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Donald J Hagler
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Michael J Lyons
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew S Panizzon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Olivia K Puckett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - McKenna E Williams
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Jeremy A Elman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - William S Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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29
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Tsolias A, Zhou Y, Mojica CA, Sakharkar M, Tsolias MZ, Moore TL, Rosene DL, Medalla M. Neuroanatomical Substrates of Circuit-Specific Cholinergic Modulation across the Primate Anterior Cingulate Cortex. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0953232024. [PMID: 38719447 PMCID: PMC11170673 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0953-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine is a robust neuromodulator of the limbic system and a critical regulator of arousal and emotions. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the amygdala (AMY) are key limbic structures that are both densely innervated by cholinergic afferents and interact with each other for emotional regulation. The ACC is composed of functionally distinct dorsal (A24), rostral (A32), and ventral (A25) areas that differ in their connections with the AMY. The structural substrates of cholinergic modulation of distinct ACC microcircuits and outputs to AMY are thought to depend on the laminar and subcellular localization of cholinergic receptors. The present study examines the distribution of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, m1 and m2, on distinct excitatory and inhibitory neurons and on AMY-targeting projection neurons within ACC areas, via immunohistochemistry and injections of neural tracers into the basolateral AMY in adult rhesus monkeys of both sexes. We found that laminar densities of m1+ and m2+ expressing excitatory and inhibitory neurons depended on area and cell type. Among the ACC areas, ventral subgenual ACC A25 exhibited greater m2+ localization on presynaptic inhibitory axon terminals and greater density of m1+ and m2+ expressing AMY-targeting (tracer+) pyramidal neurons. These patterns suggest robust cholinergic disinhibition and potentiation of amygdalar outputs from the limbic ventral ACC, which may be linked to the hyperexcitability of this subgenual ACC area in depression. These findings reveal the anatomical substrate of diverse cholinergic modulation of specific ACC microcircuits and amygdalar outputs that mediate cognitive-emotional integration and dysfunctions underlying stress and affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tsolias
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Chromewell A Mojica
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Mitali Sakharkar
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Marianna Z Tsolias
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Tara L Moore
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Douglas L Rosene
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Maria Medalla
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
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Jedrasiak-Cape I, Rybicki-Kler C, Brooks I, Ghosh M, Brennan EK, Kailasa S, Ekins TG, Rupp A, Ahmed OJ. Cell-type-specific cholinergic control of granular retrosplenial cortex with implications for angular velocity coding across brain states. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.04.597341. [PMID: 38895393 PMCID: PMC11185600 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.04.597341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Cholinergic receptor activation enables the persistent firing of cortical pyramidal neurons, providing a key cellular basis for theories of spatial navigation involving working memory, path integration, and head direction encoding. The granular retrosplenial cortex (RSG) is important for spatially-guided behaviors, but how acetylcholine impacts RSG neurons is unknown. Here, we show that a transcriptomically, morphologically, and biophysically distinct RSG cell-type - the low-rheobase (LR) neuron - has a very distinct expression profile of cholinergic muscarinic receptors compared to all other neighboring excitatory neuronal subtypes. LR neurons do not fire persistently in response to cholinergic agonists, in stark contrast to all other principal neuronal subtypes examined within the RSG and across midline cortex. This lack of persistence allows LR neuron models to rapidly compute angular head velocity (AHV), independent of cholinergic changes seen during navigation. Thus, LR neurons can consistently compute AHV across brain states, highlighting the specialized RSG neural codes supporting navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chloe Rybicki-Kler
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Isla Brooks
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Megha Ghosh
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Ellen K.W. Brennan
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Sameer Kailasa
- Dept. of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Tyler G. Ekins
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Alan Rupp
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Omar J. Ahmed
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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31
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Zhang Y, Karadas M, Liu J, Gu X, Vöröslakos M, Li Y, Tsien RW, Buzsáki G. Interaction of acetylcholine and oxytocin neuromodulation in the hippocampus. Neuron 2024; 112:1862-1875.e5. [PMID: 38537642 PMCID: PMC11156550 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
A postulated role of subcortical neuromodulators is to control brain states. Mechanisms by which different neuromodulators compete or cooperate at various temporal scales remain an open question. We investigated the interaction of acetylcholine (ACh) and oxytocin (OXT) at slow and fast timescales during various brain states. Although these neuromodulators fluctuated in parallel during NREM packets, transitions from NREM to REM were characterized by a surge of ACh but a continued decrease of OXT. OXT signaling lagged behind ACh. High ACh was correlated with population synchrony and gamma oscillations during active waking, whereas minimum ACh predicts sharp-wave ripples (SPW-Rs). Optogenetic control of ACh and OXT neurons confirmed the active role of these neuromodulators in the observed correlations. Synchronous hippocampal activity consistently reduced OXT activity, whereas inactivation of the lateral septum-hypothalamus path attenuated this effect. Our findings demonstrate how cooperative actions of these neuromodulators allow target circuits to perform specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xinyi Gu
- Neuroscience Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Yulong Li
- School of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Richard W Tsien
- Neuroscience Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - György Buzsáki
- Neuroscience Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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32
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Lewis A. A non-adaptationist hypothesis of play behaviour. J Physiol 2024; 602:2433-2453. [PMID: 37656171 DOI: 10.1113/jp284413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Play is a suite of apparently non-functional, pleasurable behaviours observed in human and non-human animals. Although the phenomenon has been studied extensively, no adaptationist behavioural theory of how play evolved can be supported by the available evidence. However, the advancement of the extended evolutionary synthesis and developments in systems biology offer alternative avenues for non-adaptationist physiological hypotheses. I therefore propose a hypothesis of play, based upon a complex ACh activity that is under agential control of the organism, whereby play initiates ACh-mediated feedforward and feedback processes which act to: (i) regulate metabolic processes; (ii) form new ACh receptors via ACh mRNA activity; (iii) mediate attention, memory consolidation and learning; and (iv) mediate social behaviours, reproduction and embryonic development. However, play occurs across taxa, but does not occur across all taxonomic groups or within all species of a taxonomic group. Thus, to support the validity of the proposed hypothesis, I further propose potential explanations for this anomaly, which include sampling and observer biases, altricial versus precocial juvenile development, and the influence of habitat niche and environmental conditions on behaviour. The proposed hypothesis thus offers new avenues for study in both the biological and social sciences, in addition to having potential applications in applied sciences, such as animal welfare and biomedical research. Crucially, it is hoped that this hypothesis will promote further study of a valid and behaviourally significant, yet currently enigmatic, biological phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Lewis
- Independent Researcher, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, UK
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33
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Duko B, Bedaso A, Dachew BA, Newnham E, Gebremedhin AT, Tessema G, Einarsdottir K, Alati R, Pereira G. The effect of maternal prenatal tobacco smoking on offspring academic achievement: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Addict Behav 2024; 153:107985. [PMID: 38367506 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.107985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous epidemiological studies examining the prospective association between maternal prenatal tobacco smoking and offspring academic achievement have reported conflicting results. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to examine the magnitude and consistency of association reported by those studies. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis was guided by the PRISMA protocol. Relevant epidemiological studies on the topic were extracted from four main databases (PubMed/Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and Scopus). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to appraise the methodological quality of the included studies. We conducted a narrative assessment of the studies that did not report effect estimates. Inverse variance-weighted random effect meta-analysis was used to combine studies reporting effect sizes to estimate pooled adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The review was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022350901). RESULTS Nineteen observational studies, published between 1973 and 2021 with a total of 1.25 million study participants were included in the final review. Of these, fifteen studies (79 %) reported reduced academic achievement in offspring exposed to maternal prenatal tobacco smoking. The eight primary studies (sample size = 723,877) included in the meta-analysis together suggested a 49 % higher risk of reduced academic achievement in offspring exposed to maternal prenatal tobacco smoking when compared to non-exposed offspring (Pooled odds ratio = 1.49, 95 % CI:1.17-1.91). CONCLUSION Our review found a positive association between maternal prenatal tobacco smoking and offspring reduced academic achievement. However, variation in the adjustment of potential confounders and significant heterogeneity across included studies limited more conclusive inference. Mechanistic studies to identify causal pathways and specific academic impacts are needed to inform targeted developmental programs to assist child learning and academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bereket Duko
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; Australian Centre for Precision Health, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Asres Bedaso
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Berihun Assefa Dachew
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Newnham
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; enAble Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; FXB Center for Health and Human Rights, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Gizachew Tessema
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; enAble Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Kristjana Einarsdottir
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Vatnsmýrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Rosa Alati
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; enAble Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; Institute for Social Sciences Research, The University of Queensland, 80 Meier's Rd, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068 Australia
| | - Gavin Pereira
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; enAble Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; Centre for Fertility and Health (CeFH), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Li Y, Yang X, Yan S, Sun Z. Complexity decline of hippocampal CA1 circuit model due to cholinergic deficiency associated with Alzheimer's disease. Cogn Neurodyn 2024; 18:1265-1283. [PMID: 38826656 PMCID: PMC11143170 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-023-09958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is cholinergic system dysfunction, directly affecting the hippocampal neurons. Previous experiments have demonstrated that reduced complexity is one significant effect of AD on electroencephalography (EEG). Motivated by these, this study explores reduced EEG complexity of cholinergic deficiency in AD by neurocomputation. We first construct a new hippocampal CA1 circuit model with cholinergic action. M-current I M and calcium-activated potassium current I AHP are newly introduced in the model to describe cholinergic input from the medial septum. Then, by enhancing I M and I AHP to mimic cholinergic deficiency, how cholinergic deficiency influences the model complexity is investigated by sample entropy (SampEn) and approximate entropy (ApEn). Numerical results show a more severe cholinergic deficit with lower model complexity. Furthermore, we conclude that the decline of SampEn and ApEn is due to the greatly diminished excitability of model neurons. These suggest that decreased neuronal excitability due to cholinergic impairment may contribute to reduced EEG complexity in AD. Subsequently, statistical analysis between simulated AD patients and normal control (NC) groups demonstrates that SampEn and auto-mutual-information (AMI) decrease rates significantly differ. Compared to NC, AD patients have a lower SampEn and a less negative AMI decline rate. These imply a low rate of new-generation information in AD brains with cholinergic deficits. Interestingly, the statistical correlation between SampEn and AMI is analyzed, and they have a large negative Pearson correlation coefficient. Thus, AMI reduction rates may be a complementary tool for complex analysis. Our modeling and complex analysis are expected to provide a deeper understanding of the reduced EEG complexity resulting from cholinergic deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- YeZi Li
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710062 People’s Republic of China
| | - XiaoLi Yang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710062 People’s Republic of China
| | - SiLu Yan
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710062 People’s Republic of China
| | - ZhongKui Sun
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 People’s Republic of China
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35
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Sarkar S, Martinez Reyes C, Jensen CM, Gavornik JP. M2 receptors are required for spatiotemporal sequence learning in mouse primary visual cortex. J Neurophysiol 2024; 131:1213-1225. [PMID: 38629848 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00016.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that plays a variety of roles in the central nervous system. It was previously shown that blocking muscarinic receptors with a nonselective antagonist prevents a form of experience-dependent plasticity termed "spatiotemporal sequence learning" in the mouse primary visual cortex (V1). Muscarinic signaling is a complex process involving the combined activities of five different G protein-coupled receptors, M1-M5, all of which are expressed in the murine brain but differ from each other functionally and in anatomical localization. Here we present electrophysiological evidence that M2, but not M1, receptors are required for spatiotemporal sequence learning in mouse V1. We show in male mice that M2 is highly expressed in the neuropil in V1, especially in thalamorecipient layer 4, and colocalizes with the soma in a subset of somatostatin-expressing neurons in deep layers. We also show that expression of M2 receptors is higher in the monocular region of V1 than it is in the binocular region but that the amount of experience-dependent sequence potentiation is similar in both regions and that blocking muscarinic signaling after visual stimulation does not prevent plasticity. This work establishes a new functional role for M2-type receptors in processing temporal information and demonstrates that monocular circuits are modified by experience in a manner similar to binocular circuits.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are required for multiple forms of plasticity in the brain and support perceptual functions, but the precise role of the five subtypes (M1-M5) are unclear. Here we show that the M2 receptor is specifically required to encode experience-dependent representations of spatiotemporal relationships in both monocular and binocular regions of mouse V1. This work identifies a novel functional role for M2 receptors in coding temporal information into cortical circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susrita Sarkar
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Catalina Martinez Reyes
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Cambria M Jensen
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jeffrey P Gavornik
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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36
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Kim AY, Al Jerdi S, MacDonald R, Triggle CR. Alzheimer's disease and its treatment-yesterday, today, and tomorrow. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1399121. [PMID: 38868666 PMCID: PMC11167451 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1399121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alois Alzheimer described the first patient with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in 1907 and today AD is the most frequently diagnosed of dementias. AD is a multi-factorial neurodegenerative disorder with familial, life style and comorbidity influences impacting a global population of more than 47 million with a projected escalation by 2050 to exceed 130 million. In the USA the AD demographic encompasses approximately six million individuals, expected to increase to surpass 13 million by 2050, and the antecedent phase of AD, recognized as mild cognitive impairment (MCI), involves nearly 12 million individuals. The economic outlay for the management of AD and AD-related cognitive decline is estimated at approximately 355 billion USD. In addition, the intensifying prevalence of AD cases in countries with modest to intermediate income countries further enhances the urgency for more therapeutically and cost-effective treatments and for improving the quality of life for patients and their families. This narrative review evaluates the pathophysiological basis of AD with an initial focus on the therapeutic efficacy and limitations of the existing drugs that provide symptomatic relief: acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, and the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA) receptor allosteric modulator, memantine. The hypothesis that amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau are appropriate targets for drugs and have the potential to halt the progress of AD is critically analyzed with a particular focus on clinical trial data with anti-Aβ monoclonal antibodies (MABs), namely, aducanumab, lecanemab and donanemab. This review challenges the dogma that targeting Aβ will benefit the majority of subjects with AD that the anti-Aβ MABs are unlikely to be the "magic bullet". A comparison of the benefits and disadvantages of the different classes of drugs forms the basis for determining new directions for research and alternative drug targets that are undergoing pre-clinical and clinical assessments. In addition, we discuss and stress the importance of the treatment of the co-morbidities, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity and depression that are known to increase the risk of developing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Y. Kim
- Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - R. MacDonald
- Health Sciences Library, Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - C. R. Triggle
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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37
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Wattanathorn J, Thukham-Mee W. Omega-3-Rich Tuna Oil Derived from By-Products of the Canned Tuna Industry Enhances Memory in an Ovariectomized Rat Model of Menopause. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:637. [PMID: 38929077 PMCID: PMC11201088 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
To increase the value of the by-products of the canned tuna industry, the memory enhancement effect and the possible mechanisms of omega-3-rich tuna oil in bilateral ovariectomized (OVX) rats were assessed. Female rats were orally given tuna oil at doses of 140, 200, and 250 mg/kg of body weight (BW) for 28 days before OVX and for 21 days continually after OVX. Memory performance was assessed every week, whereas the parameters regarding mechanisms of action were assessed at the end of the study. All doses of tuna oil enhanced memory, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities but decreased cortisol, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), malondialdehyde (MDA), and inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Medium and high doses of tuna oil suppressed monoamine oxidase (MAO) but increased eNOS activity. A high dose of tuna oil suppressed gamma-aminotransferase (GABA-T) but increased glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and sirtuin-1. A medium dose of tuna oil decreased homocysteine (Hcys) and C-reactive protein. No change in telomere or estradiol was observed in this study. Our results suggest the memory-enhancing effect of tuna oil in an OVX rat model of menopause. The main mechanisms may involve a reduction in oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurotransmitter regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintanaporn Wattanathorn
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Research Institute for High Human Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wipawee Thukham-Mee
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Research Institute for High Human Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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38
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Grodner B, Pisklak DM, Szeleszczuk Ł. Succinimide Derivatives as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors-In Silico and In Vitro Studies. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:5117-5130. [PMID: 38920979 PMCID: PMC11202142 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
We studied the effect of succinimide derivatives on acetylcholinesterase activity due to the interest in compounds that influence this enzyme's activity, which could help treat memory issues more effectively. The following parameters were established for this purpose based on kinetic investigations of the enzyme in the presence of succinimide derivatives: the half-maximal inhibitory concentration, the maximum rate, the inhibition constant, and the Michaelis-Menten constant. Furthermore, computational analyses were performed to determine the energy required for succinimide derivatives to dock with the enzyme's active site. The outcomes acquired in this manner demonstrated that all compounds inhibited acetylcholinesterase in a competitive manner. The values of the docking energy parameters corroborated the kinetic parameter values, which indicated discernible, albeit slight, variations in the inhibitory intensity among the various derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Błażej Grodner
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Maciej Pisklak
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Szeleszczuk
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
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Kniffin A, Bangasser DA, Parikh V. Septohippocampal cholinergic system at the intersection of stress and cognition: Current trends and translational implications. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:2155-2180. [PMID: 37118907 PMCID: PMC10875782 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Deficits in hippocampus-dependent memory processes are common across psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders such as depression, anxiety and Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, stress is a major environmental risk factor for these pathologies and it exerts detrimental effects on hippocampal functioning via the activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The medial septum cholinergic neurons extensively innervate the hippocampus. Although, the cholinergic septohippocampal pathway (SHP) has long been implicated in learning and memory, its involvement in mediating the adaptive and maladaptive impact of stress on mnemonic processes remains less clear. Here, we discuss current research highlighting the contributions of cholinergic SHP in modulating memory encoding, consolidation and retrieval. Then, we present evidence supporting the view that neurobiological interactions between HPA axis stress response and cholinergic signalling impact hippocampal computations. Finally, we critically discuss potential challenges and opportunities to target cholinergic SHP as a therapeutic strategy to improve cognitive impairments in stress-related disorders. We argue that such efforts should consider recent conceptualisations on the dynamic nature of cholinergic signalling in modulating distinct subcomponents of memory and its interactions with cellular substrates that regulate the adaptive stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Kniffin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122
| | - Debra A. Bangasser
- Neuroscience Institute and Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Vinay Parikh
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122
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40
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Pickford J, Iosif CI, Bashir ZI, Apps R. Inhibiting cholinergic signalling in the cerebellar interpositus nucleus impairs motor behaviour. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:2208-2224. [PMID: 37455360 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The role of neuromodulators in the cerebellum is not well understood. In particular, the behavioural significance of the cholinergic system in the cerebellum is unknown. To investigate the importance of cerebellar cholinergic signalling in behaviour, we infused acetylcholine receptor antagonists, scopolamine and mecamylamine, bilaterally into the rat cerebellum (centred on interpositus nucleus) and observed the motor effects through a battery of behavioural tests. These tests included unrewarded behaviour during open field exploration and a horizontal ladder walking task and reward-based beam walking and pellet reaching tasks. Infusion of a mix of the antagonists did not impair motor learning in the horizontal ladder walking or the reaching task but reduced spontaneous movement during open field exploration, impaired coordination during beam walking and ladder walking, led to fewer reaches in the pellet reaching task, slowed goal-directed reaching behaviour and reduced reward pellet consumption in a free access to food task. Infusion of the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine on its own resulted in deficits in motor performance and a reduction in the number of reward pellets consumed in the free access to food task. By contrast, infusion of the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine on its own had no significant effect on any task, except beam walking traversal time, which was reduced. Together, these data suggest that acetylcholine in the cerebellar interpositus nucleus is important for the execution and coordination of voluntary movements mainly via muscarinic receptor signalling, especially in relation to reward-related behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Pickford
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Cristiana I Iosif
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Zafar I Bashir
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard Apps
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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41
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Hayes AMR, Lauer LT, Kao AE, Sun S, Klug ME, Tsan L, Rea JJ, Subramanian KS, Gu C, Tanios N, Ahuja A, Donohue KN, Décarie-Spain L, Fodor AA, Kanoski SE. Western diet consumption impairs memory function via dysregulated hippocampus acetylcholine signaling. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 118:408-422. [PMID: 38461956 PMCID: PMC11033683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Western diet (WD) consumption during early life developmental periods is associated with impaired memory function, particularly for hippocampus (HPC)-dependent processes. We developed an early life WD rodent model associated with long-lasting HPC dysfunction to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms mediating these effects. Rats received either a cafeteria-style WD (ad libitum access to various high-fat/high-sugar foods; CAF) or standard healthy chow (CTL) during the juvenile and adolescent stages (postnatal days 26-56). Behavioral and metabolic assessments were performed both before and after a healthy diet intervention period beginning at early adulthood. Results revealed HPC-dependent contextual episodic memory impairments in CAF rats that persisted despite the healthy diet intervention. Given that dysregulated HPC acetylcholine (ACh) signaling is associated with memory impairments in humans and animal models, we examined protein markers of ACh tone in the dorsal HPC (HPCd) in CAF and CTL rats. Results revealed significantly lower protein levels of vesicular ACh transporter in the HPCd of CAF vs. CTL rats, indicating chronically reduced ACh tone. Using intensity-based ACh sensing fluorescent reporter (iAChSnFr) in vivo fiber photometry targeting the HPCd, we next revealed that ACh release during object-contextual novelty recognition was highly predictive of memory performance and was disrupted in CAF vs. CTL rats. Neuropharmacological results showed that alpha 7 nicotinic ACh receptor agonist infusion in the HPCd during training rescued memory deficits in CAF rats. Overall, these findings reveal a functional connection linking early life WD intake with long-lasting dysregulation of HPC ACh signaling, thereby identifying an underlying mechanism for WD-associated memory impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M R Hayes
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Logan Tierno Lauer
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alicia E Kao
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shan Sun
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Molly E Klug
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda Tsan
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica J Rea
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Keshav S Subramanian
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cindy Gu
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Natalie Tanios
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arun Ahuja
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kristen N Donohue
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Léa Décarie-Spain
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anthony A Fodor
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Scott E Kanoski
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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42
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Cassity S, Choi IJ, Gregory BH, Igbasanmi AM, Bickford SC, Moore KT, Seraiah AE, Layfield D, Newman EL. Cholinergic modulation of rearing in rats performing a spatial memory task. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:2240-2255. [PMID: 38258622 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Spatial memory encoding depends in part on cholinergic modulation. How acetylcholine supports spatial memory encoding is not well understood. Prior studies indicate that acetylcholine release is correlated with exploration, including epochs of rearing onto hind legs. Here, to test whether elevated cholinergic tone increases the probability of rearing, we tracked rearing frequency and duration while optogenetically modulating the activity of choline acetyltransferase containing (i.e., acetylcholine producing) neurons of the medial septum in rats performing a spatial working memory task (n = 17 rats). The cholinergic neurons were optogenetically inhibited using halorhodopsin for the duration that rats occupied two of the four open arms during the study phase of an 8-arm radial arm maze win-shift task. Comparing rats' behaviour in the two arm types showed that rearing frequency was not changed, but the average duration of rearing epochs became significantly longer. This effect on rearing was observed during optogenetic inhibition but not during sham inhibition or in rats that received infusions of a fluorescent reporter virus (i.e., without halorhodopsin; n = 6 rats). Optogenetic inhibition of cholinergic neurons during the pretrial waiting phase had no significant effect on rearing, indicating a context-specificity of the observed effects. These results are significant in that they indicate that cholinergic neuron activity in the medial septum is correlated with rearing not because it motivates an exploratory state but because it contributes to the processing of information acquired while rearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skylar Cassity
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Irene Jungyeon Choi
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Billy Howard Gregory
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Adeleke Malik Igbasanmi
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Sarah Cristi Bickford
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Kiara Tyanni Moore
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Dylan Layfield
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Intelligent Systems Engineering, Luddy School of Informatics Computing and Engineering, University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Ehren Lee Newman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Intelligent Systems Engineering, Luddy School of Informatics Computing and Engineering, University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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43
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Bratsch-Prince JX, Warren JW, Jones GC, McDonald AJ, Mott DD. Acetylcholine Engages Distinct Amygdala Microcircuits to Gate Internal Theta Rhythm. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1568232024. [PMID: 38438258 PMCID: PMC11055655 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1568-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) is released from basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in response to salient stimuli and engages brain states supporting attention and memory. These high ACh states are associated with theta oscillations, which synchronize neuronal ensembles. Theta oscillations in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in both humans and rodents have been shown to underlie emotional memory, yet their mechanism remains unclear. Here, using brain slice electrophysiology in male and female mice, we show large ACh stimuli evoke prolonged theta oscillations in BLA local field potentials that depend upon M3 muscarinic receptor activation of cholecystokinin (CCK) interneurons (INs) without the need for external glutamate signaling. Somatostatin (SOM) INs inhibit CCK INs and are themselves inhibited by ACh, providing a functional SOM→CCK IN circuit connection gating BLA theta. Parvalbumin (PV) INs, which can drive BLA oscillations in baseline states, are not involved in the generation of ACh-induced theta, highlighting that ACh induces a cellular switch in the control of BLA oscillatory activity and establishes an internally BLA-driven theta oscillation through CCK INs. Theta activity is more readily evoked in BLA over the cortex or hippocampus, suggesting preferential activation of the BLA during high ACh states. These data reveal a SOM→CCK IN circuit in the BLA that gates internal theta oscillations and suggest a mechanism by which salient stimuli acting through ACh switch the BLA into a network state enabling emotional memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua X Bratsch-Prince
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - James W Warren
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Grace C Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Alexander J McDonald
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - David D Mott
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
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44
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Nam KH, Ordureau A. How does the neuronal proteostasis network react to cellular cues? Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:581-592. [PMID: 38488108 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Even though neurons are post-mitotic cells, they still engage in protein synthesis to uphold their cellular content balance, including for organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria. Additionally, they expend significant energy on tasks like neurotransmitter production and maintaining redox homeostasis. This cellular homeostasis is upheld through a delicate interplay between mRNA transcription-translation and protein degradative pathways, such as autophagy and proteasome degradation. When faced with cues such as nutrient stress, neurons must adapt by altering their proteome to survive. However, in many neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, the pathway and processes for coping with cellular stress are impaired. This review explores neuronal proteome adaptation in response to cellular stress, such as nutrient stress, with a focus on proteins associated with autophagy, stress response pathways, and neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hong Nam
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, U.S.A
| | - Alban Ordureau
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, U.S.A
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45
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Tamboli S, Singh S, Topolnik D, El Amine Barkat M, Radhakrishnan R, Guet-McCreight A, Topolnik L. Mouse hippocampal CA1 VIP interneurons detect novelty in the environment and support recognition memory. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114115. [PMID: 38607918 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In the CA1 hippocampus, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-expressing interneurons (VIP-INs) play a prominent role in disinhibitory circuit motifs. However, the specific behavioral conditions that lead to circuit disinhibition remain uncertain. To investigate the behavioral relevance of VIP-IN activity, we employed wireless technologies allowing us to monitor and manipulate their function in freely behaving mice. Our findings reveal that, during spatial exploration in new environments, VIP-INs in the CA1 hippocampal region become highly active, facilitating the rapid encoding of novel spatial information. Remarkably, both VIP-INs and pyramidal neurons (PNs) exhibit increased activity when encountering novel changes in the environment, including context- and object-related alterations. Concurrently, somatostatin- and parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory populations show an inverse relationship with VIP-IN and PN activity, revealing circuit disinhibition that occurs on a timescale of seconds. Thus, VIP-IN-mediated disinhibition may constitute a crucial element in the rapid encoding of novelty and the acquisition of recognition memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhel Tamboli
- Neuroscience Axis, CRCHUQ-CHUL, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Bioinformatics, Université Laval, Quebec City, PQ, Canada
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Neuroscience Axis, CRCHUQ-CHUL, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Bioinformatics, Université Laval, Quebec City, PQ, Canada
| | - Dimitry Topolnik
- Neuroscience Axis, CRCHUQ-CHUL, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Bioinformatics, Université Laval, Quebec City, PQ, Canada
| | - Mohamed El Amine Barkat
- Neuroscience Axis, CRCHUQ-CHUL, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Bioinformatics, Université Laval, Quebec City, PQ, Canada
| | - Risna Radhakrishnan
- Neuroscience Axis, CRCHUQ-CHUL, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Bioinformatics, Université Laval, Quebec City, PQ, Canada
| | | | - Lisa Topolnik
- Neuroscience Axis, CRCHUQ-CHUL, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Bioinformatics, Université Laval, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.
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46
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Jackson DC, Burgon RM, Thompson S, Sudweeks SN. Single-cell quantitative expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mRNA in rat hippocampal interneurons. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301592. [PMID: 38635806 PMCID: PMC11025973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal interneurons are a very diverse population of cells. Using single-cell quantitative PCR to analyze rat CA1 hippocampal interneurons, we quantified neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) mRNA subunit expression and detailed possible nAChR subtype combinations for the α2, α3, α4, α5, α7, β2, β3, and β4 subunits. We also compared the expression detected in the stratum oriens and the stratum radiatum hippocampal layers. We show that the majority of interneurons in the CA1 of the rat hippocampus contain detectable levels of nAChR subunit mRNA. Our results highlight the complexity of the CA1 nAChR population. Interestingly, the α3 nAChR subunit is one of the highest expressed subunit mRNAs in this population, while the α4 is one of the least likely subunits to be detected in CA1 interneurons. The β2 nAChR subunit is the highest expressed beta subunit mRNA in these cells. In addition, Pearson's correlation coefficient values are calculated to identify significant differences between the nAChR subunit combinations expressed in the CA1 stratum oriens and the stratum radiatum. Statistical analysis also indicates that there are likely over 100 different nAChR subunit mRNA combinations expressed in rat CA1 interneurons. These results provide a valid avenue for identifying nAChR subtype targets that may be effective hippocampus-specific pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris C. Jackson
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Richard M. Burgon
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Spencer Thompson
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Sterling N. Sudweeks
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
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47
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Ren Y, Brown TI. Beyond the ears: A review exploring the interconnected brain behind the hierarchical memory of music. Psychon Bull Rev 2024; 31:507-530. [PMID: 37723336 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-023-02376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Music is a ubiquitous element of daily life. Understanding how music memory is represented and expressed in the brain is key to understanding how music can influence human daily cognitive tasks. Current music-memory literature is built on data from very heterogeneous tasks for measuring memory, and the neural correlates appear to differ depending on different forms of memory function targeted. Such heterogeneity leaves many exceptions and conflicts in the data underexplained (e.g., hippocampal involvement in music memory is debated). This review provides an overview of existing neuroimaging results from music-memory related studies and concludes that although music is a special class of event in our lives, the memory systems behind it do in fact share neural mechanisms with memories from other modalities. We suggest that dividing music memory into different levels of a hierarchy (structural level and semantic level) helps understand overlap and divergence in neural networks involved. This is grounded in the fact that memorizing a piece of music recruits brain clusters that separately support functions including-but not limited to-syntax storage and retrieval, temporal processing, prediction versus reality comparison, stimulus feature integration, personal memory associations, and emotion perception. The cross-talk between frontal-parietal music structural processing centers and the subcortical emotion and context encoding areas explains why music is not only so easily memorable but can also serve as strong contextual information for encoding and retrieving nonmusic information in our lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiren Ren
- Georgia Institute of Technology, College of Science, School of Psychology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Thackery I Brown
- Georgia Institute of Technology, College of Science, School of Psychology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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48
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Zhuo Y, Luo B, Yi X, Dong H, Miao X, Wan J, Williams JT, Campbell MG, Cai R, Qian T, Li F, Weber SJ, Wang L, Li B, Wei Y, Li G, Wang H, Zheng Y, Zhao Y, Wolf ME, Zhu Y, Watabe-Uchida M, Li Y. Improved green and red GRAB sensors for monitoring dopaminergic activity in vivo. Nat Methods 2024; 21:680-691. [PMID: 38036855 PMCID: PMC11009088 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-02100-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) plays multiple roles in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes via a large network of dopaminergic projections. To dissect the spatiotemporal dynamics of DA release in both dense and sparsely innervated brain regions, we developed a series of green and red fluorescent G-protein-coupled receptor activation-based DA (GRABDA) sensors using a variety of DA receptor subtypes. These sensors have high sensitivity, selectivity and signal-to-noise ratio with subsecond response kinetics and the ability to detect a wide range of DA concentrations. We then used these sensors in mice to measure both optogenetically evoked and behaviorally relevant DA release while measuring neurochemical signaling in the nucleus accumbens, amygdala and cortex. Using these sensors, we also detected spatially resolved heterogeneous cortical DA release in mice performing various behaviors. These next-generation GRABDA sensors provide a robust set of tools for imaging dopaminergic activity under a variety of physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyang Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolei Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxia Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing, China
| | - John T Williams
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Malcolm G Campbell
- Center for Brain Science, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ruyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Tongrui Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Fengling Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sophia J Weber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bozhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Guochuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yulin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Marina E Wolf
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Yingjie Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mitsuko Watabe-Uchida
- Center for Brain Science, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing, China.
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China.
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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49
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Bhatt D, Vyas K, Singh S, John PJ, Soni IP. Sunset Yellow induced biochemical and histopathological alterations in rat brain sub-regions. Acta Histochem 2024; 126:152155. [PMID: 38489857 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2024.152155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Sunset Yellow, a synthetic orange azo food dye was examined in this study for its impact on the Wistar rat brain sub-regions. The dye was administered orally to weanling rats at the Acceptable Daily Intake level (4 mg/kg/bw) for 40 days, and brain sub-regions viz., frontal cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus were examined for biochemical and histopathological changes. The results showed a significant decrease in tissue protein levels, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity, as well as a significant increase in lipid peroxide levels in all brain sub-regions. Glutathione-S-transferase and Glutathione Reductase activities decreased, while Glutathione peroxidase activity increased. The biogenic amine levels and Acetylcholinesterase activity were also altered, with the frontal cortex and hippocampus being the most affected. Additionally, the dye caused histopathological damage in all brain sub-regions examined. This study indicates that the ADI level of Sunset Yellow may adversely affect brain tissue by causing oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Bhatt
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India.
| | - Krati Vyas
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
| | - Shakuntala Singh
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
| | - P J John
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
| | - I P Soni
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
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50
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Wei W, Lyu X, Markhard AL, Fu S, Mardjuki RE, Cavanagh PE, Zeng X, Rajniak J, Lu N, Xiao S, Zhao M, Moya-Garzon MD, Truong SD, Chou JCC, Wat LW, Chidambaranathan-Reghupaty S, Coassolo L, Xu D, Shen F, Huang W, Ramirez CB, Jang C, Svensson KJ, Fischbach MA, Long JZ. A PTER-dependent pathway of taurine metabolism linked to energy balance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.21.586194. [PMID: 38562797 PMCID: PMC10983888 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.21.586194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Taurine is a conditionally essential micronutrient and one of the most abundant amino acids in humans1-3. In endogenous taurine metabolism, dedicated enzymes are involved in biosynthesis of taurine from cysteine as well as the downstream derivatization of taurine into secondary taurine metabolites4,5. One such taurine metabolite is N-acetyltaurine6. Levels of N-acetyltaurine are dynamically regulated by diverse physiologic perturbations that alter taurine and/or acetate flux, including endurance exercise7, nutritional taurine supplementation8, and alcohol consumption6,9. While taurine N-acetyltransferase activity has been previously detected in mammalian cells6,7, the molecular identity of this enzyme, and the physiologic relevance of N-acetyltaurine, have remained unknown. Here we show that the orphan body mass index-associated enzyme PTER (phosphotriesterase-related)10 is the principal mammalian taurine N-acetyltransferase/hydrolase. In vitro, recombinant PTER catalyzes bidirectional taurine N-acetylation with free acetate as well as the reverse N-acetyltaurine hydrolysis reaction. Genetic ablation of PTER in mice results in complete loss of tissue taurine N-acetyltransferase/hydrolysis activities and systemic elevation of N-acetyltaurine levels. Upon stimuli that increase taurine levels, PTER-KO mice exhibit lower body weight, reduced adiposity, and improved glucose homeostasis. These phenotypes are recapitulated by administration of N-acetyltaurine to wild-type mice. Lastly, the anorexigenic and anti-obesity effects of N-acetyltaurine require functional GFRAL receptors. Together, these data uncover enzymatic control of a previously enigmatic pathway of secondary taurine metabolism linked to energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xuchao Lyu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew L. Markhard
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sipei Fu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rachel E. Mardjuki
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Xianfeng Zeng
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jakub Rajniak
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nannan Lu
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shuke Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maria Dolores Moya-Garzon
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Steven D. Truong
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Lianna W. Wat
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Saranya Chidambaranathan-Reghupaty
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laetitia Coassolo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Duo Xu
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fangfang Shen
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wentao Huang
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cuauhtemoc B. Ramirez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Katrin J. Svensson
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Fischbach
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Z. Long
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- The Phil & Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience at the Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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