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Gouveia HJCB, da Silva MM, Manhães de Castro R, da Silva LKTM, da Silva Calado CMS, da Silva Araújo ER, Cruz Silva MDA, Toscano AE. Vitamin D supplementation does not alter inflammatory markers in overweight and obese individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Res 2024; 128:24-37. [PMID: 39002359 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation is a common feature of obesity and plays a crucial role in the progression of its complications. Vitamin D (VitD) plays an important role in modulating the immune response and regulating inflammation. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of isolated VitD supplementation on main inflammatory markers in overweight and obese individuals with no comorbidities and with VitD deficiency. We hypothesized that the increase in serum VitD concentrations after supplementation would significantly reduce the concentrations of inflammatory markers. The search was conducted in Medline/PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Eleven randomized placebo-controlled studies were included in the final analysis, with a total of 504 participants and daily (1000-7000 international units) or bolus (100,000-200,000 international units) doses of VitD lasting from 2 to 26 weeks. The VitD supplementation did not influence C-reactive protein (mean difference [MD]: 0.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.37, 0.39; P = .97), interleukin-6 (MD: -0.34; 95% CI -1.09, 0.42; P = .38), and tumor necrosis factor concentrations (MD: -0.02; 95% CI -0.23, 0.19; P = .85). In the analysis considering the studies with a significant increase in serum VitD concentrations, VitD supplementation also did not influence C-reactive protein (MD: -0.17; 95% CI -0.88, 0.54; P = .64), interleukin-6 (MD: -0.47; 95% CI -1.31, 0.37; P = .27), and tumor necrosis factor concentrations (MD: 0.01; 95% CI -1.34, 1.37; P = .98). This meta-analysis suggests that VitD supplementation does not significantly alter inflammatory markers in overweight and obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique José Cavalcanti Bezerra Gouveia
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil; Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Márcia Maria da Silva
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil; Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Raul Manhães de Castro
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil; Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil; Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Medical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Luan Kelwyny Thaywã Marques da Silva
- Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil; Graduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Vitória Academic Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão-Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Caio Matheus Santos da Silva Calado
- Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil; Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Medical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Eulália Rebeca da Silva Araújo
- Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil; Graduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Vitória Academic Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão-Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Almeida Cruz Silva
- Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa Toscano
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil; Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil; Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Medical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil; Graduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Vitória Academic Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão-Pernambuco, Brazil; Nursing Unit, Vitória Academic Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão-Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Begga A, Mehaoudi RI, Ghozlani A, Azzoug S, Soltani Y. The risk of metabolic syndrome is associated with vitamin D and inflammatory status in premenopausal and postmenopausal Algerian women. Ir J Med Sci 2024; 193:615-626. [PMID: 37702977 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03516-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This first cross-sectional study examined whether vitamin D status and proinflammatory cytokines may be associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Algerian women regarding their menopausal status. METHODS Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), lipids, insulin, 25(OH)D, PTH, adiponectin, resistin, TNFα, and IL-6 levels were assessed in 277 participants aged 18-74 years. MetS was diagnosed according to NCEP-ATPIII criteria. The association of vitamin D deficiency, IL-6, and TNFα with components of MetS was analyzed by the logistic regression. RESULTS Among a cohort of 277 participants, the prevalence of MetS in 115 premenopausal vs. 162 postmenopausal women was 54.02 vs. 68.1%. Cut-offs for vitamin D deficiency were 15.7 vs. 13 ng/mL, 51.07 vs. 41 pg/mL for IL-6 and 8.28 vs. 9.33 pg/mL for TNFα, respectively. 25(OH)D levels were positively correlated with adiponectin levels, while negatively with HOMA-IR in postmenopausal-MS + women. Adjustment for age and BMI reveals a significant association between vitamin deficiency and high FPG (OR: 2.92 vs. 2.90), TG (OR:2.79 vs. 3.51), BP (OR:2.20 vs. 1.92), and low HDL-c (OR:2.26 vs. 3.42), respectively. A significant association was also detected in postmenopausal women between IL-6 and high FPG (OR5.11, p = 0.03), BP (OR:3.13, p = 0.04), and low HDL-c (OR5.01, p = 0.02), while TNFα was associated with high BP in postmenopausal women (OR: 3.70, p = 0.01), and inversely with TG in premenopausal women (OR: 0.16, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION This study highlighted that severe vitamin D deficiency increases MetS score and was closely associated with four components of MetS, more potently in postmenopausal women, probably related with estrogens. Abdominal obesity, as influential component of MetS, may be involved in enhancing vitamin D deficiency, and dysregulating some metabolic hormones such as adiponectin, resistin and insulin, that contributes in onset an inflammatory state, through the increase in IL-6 and TNFα levels. These findings need to be improved by expanding investigation to a large cohort of participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Begga
- Endocrinology team, Laboratory of Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, USTHB, DZ-16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Rym-Ikram Mehaoudi
- Endocrinology team, Laboratory of Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, USTHB, DZ-16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Amel Ghozlani
- Endocrinology team, Laboratory of Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, USTHB, DZ-16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Said Azzoug
- Unit of Clinical Endocrinology, IBN ZIRI Hospital, DZ-16082, Algiers, Algeria
- Department of Diabetology, Mustapha Bacha University Hospital Center, DZ-16000, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Yacine Soltani
- Endocrinology team, Laboratory of Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, USTHB, DZ-16111, Algiers, Algeria.
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Popa AD, Niță O, Caba L, Gherasim A, Graur M, Mihalache L, Arhire LI. From the Sun to the Cell: Examining Obesity through the Lens of Vitamin D and Inflammation. Metabolites 2023; 14:4. [PMID: 38276294 PMCID: PMC10820276 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity affects more than one billion people worldwide and often leads to cardiometabolic chronic comorbidities. It induces senescence-related alterations in adipose tissue, and senescence is closely linked to obesity. Fully elucidating the pathways through which vitamin D exerts anti-inflammatory effects may improve our understanding of local adipose tissue inflammation and the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. In this narrative review, we compiled and analyzed the literature from diverse academic sources, focusing on recent developments to provide a comprehensive overview of the effect of vitamin D on inflammation associated with obesity and senescence. The article reveals that the activation of the NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1) and NLRP3 inflammasome (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing, pyrin domain-containing-3) pathways through the toll-like receptors, which increases oxidative stress and cytokine release, is a common mechanism underlying inflammation associated with obesity and senescence, and it discusses the potential beneficial effect of vitamin D in alleviating the development of subclinical inflammation. Investigating the main target cells and pathways of vitamin D action in adipose tissue could help uncover complex mechanisms of obesity and cellular senescence. This review summarizes significant findings related to opportunities for improving metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Delia Popa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.P.); (A.G.); (L.M.); (L.I.A.)
| | - Otilia Niță
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.P.); (A.G.); (L.M.); (L.I.A.)
| | - Lavinia Caba
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.P.); (A.G.); (L.M.); (L.I.A.)
| | - Andreea Gherasim
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.P.); (A.G.); (L.M.); (L.I.A.)
| | - Mariana Graur
- Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University “Ștefan cel Mare” of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania;
| | - Laura Mihalache
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.P.); (A.G.); (L.M.); (L.I.A.)
| | - Lidia Iuliana Arhire
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.P.); (A.G.); (L.M.); (L.I.A.)
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Starska-Kowarska K. Role of Vitamin D in Head and Neck Cancer-Immune Function, Anti-Tumour Effect, and Its Impact on Patient Prognosis. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112592. [PMID: 37299554 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) describes a heterogeneous group of human neoplasms of the head and neck with high rates of morbidity and mortality, constituting about 3% of all cancers and ~1.5% of all cancer deaths. HNSCC constituted the seventh most prevalent human malignancy and the most common human cancer in the world in 2020, according to multi-population observations conducted by the GLOBOCAN group. Since approximately 60-70% of patients present with stage III/IV neoplastic disease, HNSCC is still one of the leading causes of death in cancer patients worldwide, with an overall survival rate that is too low, not exceeding 40-60% of these patients. Despite the application of newer surgical techniques and the implementation of modern combined oncological treatment, the disease often follows a fatal course due to frequent nodal metastases and local neoplastic recurrences. The role of micronutrients in the initiation, development, and progression of HNSCC has been the subject of considerable research. Of particular interest has been vitamin D, the pleiotropic biologically active fat-soluble family of secosteroids (vitamin-D-like steroids), which constitutes a key regulator of bone, calcium, and phosphate homeostasis, as well as carcinogenesis and the further development of various neoplasms. Considerable evidence suggests that vitamin D plays a key role in cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, immunity, and cellular metabolism. A number of basic science, clinical, and epidemiological studies indicate that vitamin D has multidirectional biological effects and influences anti-cancer intracellular mechanisms and cancer risk, and that vitamin D dietary supplements have various prophylactic benefits. In the 20th century, it was reported that vitamin D may play various roles in the protection and regulation of normal cellular phenotypes and in cancer prevention and adjunctive therapy in various human neoplasms, including HNSCC, by regulating a number of intracellular mechanisms, including control of tumour cell expansion and differentiation, apoptosis, intercellular interactions, angio- and lymphogenesis, immune function, and tumour invasion. These regulatory properties mainly occur indirectly via epigenetic and transcriptional changes regulating the function of transcription factors, chromatin modifiers, non-coding RNA (ncRNAs), and microRNAs (miRs) through protein-protein interactions and signalling pathways. In this way, calcitriol enhances intercellular communication in cancer biology, restores the connection with the extracellular matrix, and promotes the epithelial phenotype; it thus counteracts the tumour-associated detachment from the extracellular matrix and inhibits the formation of metastases. Furthermore, the confirmation that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is present in many human tissues confirmed the physiopathological significance of vitamin D in various human tumours. Recent studies indicate quantitative associations between exposure to vitamin D and the incidence of HNC, i.e., cancer risk assessment included circulating calcidiol plasma/serum concentrations, vitamin D intake, the presence of the VDR gene polymorphism, and genes involved in the vitamin D metabolism pathway. Moreover, the chemopreventive efficacy of vitamin D in precancerous lesions of the head and neck and their role as predictors of mortality, survival, and recurrence of head and neck cancer are also widely discussed. As such, it may be considered a promising potential anti-cancer agent for developing innovative methods of targeted therapy. The proposed review discusses in detail the mechanisms regulating the relationship between vitamin D and HNSCC. It also provides an overview of the current literature, including key opinion-forming systematic reviews as well as epidemiological, prospective, longitudinal, cross-sectional, and interventional studies based on in vitro and animal models of HNSCC, all of which are accessible via the PubMed/Medline/EMBASE/Cochrane Library databases. This article presents the data in line with increasing clinical credibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Starska-Kowarska
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, EnelMed Center Expert, Lodz, Drewnowska 58, 91-001 Lodz, Poland
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Lee CY. Effects of dietary vitamins on obesity-related metabolic parameters. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e47. [PMID: 37123391 PMCID: PMC10131053 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Genetic factors, some underlying medical conditions, and obesity are risk factors of T2DM. Unlike other risk factors which are non-modifiable, obesity is preventable and usually treatable, and is largely contributed by lifestyle factors. Management of these lifestyle factors may curb the development of T2DM and reduces T2DM prevalence. Dietary vitamins have been recommended as a lifestyle modification intervention to support obesity treatment. Vitamins correlate negatively with body weight, body mass index and body composition. Some of the vitamins may also have anti-adipogenic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, results from pre-clinical and clinical studies of the effects of vitamins on obesity are inconsistent. A clear understanding of the effects of vitamins on obesity will help determine dietary intervention that is truly effective in preventing and treating obesity as well as obesity-related complications including T2DM. This article reviews existing evidences of the effects of vitamin supplementation on obesity and obesity-related metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chooi Yeng Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
- Corresponding author: Chooi Yeng Lee, email
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Effects on Serum Inflammatory Cytokines of Cholecalciferol Supplementation in Healthy Subjects with Vitamin D Deficiency. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224823. [PMID: 36432510 PMCID: PMC9698931 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of different cholecalciferol supplementation regimens on serum inflammatory cytokines in healthy subjects with vitamin D deficiency are still lacking. This is a single-center, open-label, randomized, parallel group study involving healthy subjects deficient in vitamin D (baseline 25OHD < 20 ng/mL) receiving oral cholecalciferol with three different dosing regimens: Group A: 10,000 IU/day for 8 weeks followed by 1000 IU/day for 4 weeks; Group B: 50,000 IU/week for 12 weeks and Group C: 100,000 IU every other week for 12 weeks. IL-17A, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-23 and TNFα were measured at baseline and at week 4, 8, 12, and 16. 75 healthy subjects were enrolled (58.7% female), with an average age of 34.1 ± 10.2 years. No statistical differences were observed among groups at baseline for either IL-6, IL-17A, IL-23, IL-8 or IL-10 at any time point; TNFα was indetectable. Concerning the whole sample, the time trend analysis showed a statistically significant linear trend for decreasing values over the treatment period for IL-6 (p = 0.016) and IL-17A (p = 0.006), while no significant time trends were observed for the other teste cytokines. No significant differences were found in the serum concentrations of the tested cytokines between week 12 and week 16. In young healthy individuals deficient in vitamin D, cholecalciferol administration showed a decrease in the serum IL-6 and IL-17A concentrations, without marked differences using the three regimens.
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A Single Vitamin D3 Bolus Supplementation Improves Vitamin D Status and Reduces Proinflammatory Cytokines in Healthy Females. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193963. [PMID: 36235615 PMCID: PMC9570631 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem that not only leads to metabolic bone disease but also to many other illnesses, most of which are associated with chronic inflammation. Thus, our aim was to investigate the safety and effectiveness of a single high dose of vitamin D3 (80,000 IU) on vitamin D status and proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)6, IL8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in healthy Saudi females. Fifty healthy females were recruited and orally supplemented with a single vitamin D3 bolus (80,000 IU). All participants donated fasting blood samples at baseline, one day and thirty days after supplementation. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), IL6, IL8, TNF, calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and blood lipid levels were determined. Serum 25(OH)D3 significantly increased one and thirty days after supplementation when compared with baseline without causing elevation in calcium or phosphate or a decrease in PTH to abnormal levels. In contrast, the concentrations of the three representative proinflammatory cytokines decreased gradually until the end of the study period. In conclusion, a single high dose (80,000 IU) is effective in improving serum vitamin D status and reducing the concentration of the proinflammatory cytokines in a rapid and safe way in healthy females.
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Vitamin D and Visceral Obesity in Humans: What Should Clinicians Know? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153075. [PMID: 35893929 PMCID: PMC9332747 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The extraskeletal effect of vitamin D on adipose tissue biology and modulation in human obesity is of great interest and has been extensively investigated. Current evidence from preclinical and clinical studies in human adipose tissue suggests that the anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D are evident and consistent, whereas the effects of vitamin D on adipocyte differentiation, adipogenesis, and energy metabolism and the effects of vitamin D supplementation on adipokine levels are inconclusive. Interventional studies related to medical and surgical weight loss in humans have shown small or no improvement in vitamin D status. Additionally, the benefit of vitamin D supplementation for the reduction in visceral adipose tissue has only been demonstrated in a few studies. Overall, the findings on the relationship between vitamin D and visceral adipose tissue in humans are still inconclusive. Further studies are required to confirm the beneficial effects of vitamin D on ameliorating adipose tissue dysfunction.
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Gariballa S, Yasin J, Alessa A. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation with or without calcium in community-dwelling vitamin D deficient subjects. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:415. [PMID: 35505326 PMCID: PMC9063133 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05364-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in the Middle East, very few studies have attempted to measure its health impact. AIMS We aimed to assess whether vitamin D3 and calcium, either alone or in combination, have health benefit. METHODS In a 2 × 2 factorial design double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Community free living adults living in the city of Al Ain, UAE were randomly assigned to receive daily 2000 IU oral vitamin D3 alone, 600 mg calcium alone, oral vitamin D3 (2000 IU per day) combined with 600 mg calcium, or a placebo for 6 months. Primary outcomes were self-rated health and bone turnover markers. RESULTS Of the 545 randomized, 277 subjects completed 6 months follow up. 25(OH)D levels marginally increased in the two groups received vitamin D3 alone or combined with calcium compared to the decline seen in those who received calcium supplement alone or a placebo. Sub-group analysis revealed that parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration decreased and Calcium/creatinine ratio increased significantly in the combined vitamin D and Calcium group compared to the vitamin D alone or Calcium alone in contrast to the increase seen in the placebo group [p < 0.05 for between group difference at 6 months]. There were no statistically significant differences between the supplement and placebo groups at the 6 months follow-up in body weight, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, body pains and general health. CONCLUSION PTH concentration decreased and calcium/creatinine ratio increased in subjects who received vitamin D and Calcium together compared to those who received vitamin D alone. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02662491 , First registered on 25 January 2016 ( https://register. CLINICALTRIALS gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S00060CE&selectaction=Edit&uid=U0001M6P&ts=3&cx=scu4cb , Last update: 05 August 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Gariballa
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Javed Yasin
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Awad Alessa
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Thurfah JN, Christine , Bagaskhara PP, Alfian SD, Puspitasari IM. Dietary Supplementations and Depression. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:1121-1141. [PMID: 35607362 PMCID: PMC9123934 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s360029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a mood disturbance condition that occurs for more than two weeks in a row, leading to suicide. Due to adverse effects of depression, antidepressants and adjunctive therapies, such as dietary supplementation, are used for treatment. Therefore, this review explored and summarized dietary supplements’ types, dosages, and effectiveness in preventing and treating depression. A literature search of the PubMed database was conducted in August 2021 to identify studies assessing depression, after which scale measurements based on dietary supplements were identified. From the obtained 221 studies, we selected 63 papers. Results showed PUFA (EPA and DHA combination), vitamin D, and probiotics as the most common supplementation used in clinical studies to reduce depressive symptoms. We also observed that although the total daily PUFA dosage that exhibited beneficial effects was in the range of 0.7–2 g EPA and 0.4–0.8 g DHA daily, with an administration period of three weeks to four months, positive vitamin D-based supplementation effects were observed after administering doses of 2000 IU/day or 50,000 IU/week between 8 weeks and 24 months. Alternatively, microbes from the genus Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the probiotic group with a minimum dose of 108 CFU in various dose forms effectively treated depression. Besides, a depression scale was helpful to assess the effect of an intervention on depression. Hence, PUFA, vitamin D, and probiotics were proposed as adjunctive therapies for depression treatment based on the results from this study.
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Low Vitamin D Status Is Associated with Increased Risk of Mortality in Korean Men and Adults with Hypertension: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091849. [PMID: 35565816 PMCID: PMC9105830 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown no effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular disease, cancer events and mortality or all-cause mortality in Western populations. However, there has been a lack of research on populations with low vitamin D status, including Asians. In addition, there have been indications that an individual’s sex or hypertension status may affect the relationship between vitamin D status and mortality. In this study, we retrospectively assessed the association between vitamin D status and all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in Koreans using a national database, and stratified participants according to sex and hypertension status. Methods Participants in the Korean Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008−2014, who consented to their data being synthesized with mortality data (up to December 2019), were included (n = 22,742; mean follow-up: 8.9 years). Participants’ level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured by radioimmunoassay and categorized as <12, 12−19.9, and ≥20 ng/mL. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the risk of mortality. Results In the total sample, risk of all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality was greater in adults with a serum 25(OH)D level below 12 and 12−19.9 ng/mL than those with ≥20 ng/mL. Men and adults with hypertension, who had low vitamin D status, had a higher risk of cancer and cardiovascular mortality, but not women or adults without hypertension. Similar results were observed when various cutoffs for 25(OH)D were employed, or extrinsic deaths were excluded. Conclusions Vitamin D status below 20 ng/mL is associated with a higher risk of mortality in Korean adults, especially in men and those with hypertension, on the basis of data from a nationally representative sample. Further RCTs on Asian adults with low vitamin D status are warranted.
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Ebeling PR, Nguyen HH, Aleksova J, Vincent AJ, Wong P, Milat F. Secondary Osteoporosis. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:240-313. [PMID: 34476488 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a global public health problem, with fractures contributing to significant morbidity and mortality. Although postmenopausal osteoporosis is most common, up to 30% of postmenopausal women, > 50% of premenopausal women, and between 50% and 80% of men have secondary osteoporosis. Exclusion of secondary causes is important, as treatment of such patients often commences by treating the underlying condition. These are varied but often neglected, ranging from endocrine to chronic inflammatory and genetic conditions. General screening is recommended for all patients with osteoporosis, with advanced investigations reserved for premenopausal women and men aged < 50 years, for older patients in whom classical risk factors for osteoporosis are absent, and for all patients with the lowest bone mass (Z-score ≤ -2). The response of secondary osteoporosis to conventional anti-osteoporosis therapy may be inadequate if the underlying condition is unrecognized and untreated. Bone densitometry, using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, may underestimate fracture risk in some chronic diseases, including glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, and may overestimate fracture risk in others (eg, Turner syndrome). FRAX and trabecular bone score may provide additional information regarding fracture risk in secondary osteoporosis, but their use is limited to adults aged ≥ 40 years and ≥ 50 years, respectively. In addition, FRAX requires adjustment in some chronic conditions, such as glucocorticoid use, type 2 diabetes, and HIV. In most conditions, evidence for antiresorptive or anabolic therapy is limited to increases in bone mass. Current osteoporosis management guidelines also neglect secondary osteoporosis and these existing evidence gaps are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Hanh H Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Western Health, Victoria 3011, Australia
| | - Jasna Aleksova
- Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Amanda J Vincent
- Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Phillip Wong
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Frances Milat
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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13
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Giannini S, Giusti A, Minisola S, Napoli N, Passeri G, Rossini M, Sinigaglia L. The Immunologic Profile of Vitamin D and Its Role in Different Immune-Mediated Diseases: An Expert Opinion. Nutrients 2022; 14:473. [PMID: 35276834 PMCID: PMC8838062 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically, vitamin D is recognized as an essential component for the maintenance of the musculoskeletal system. The immunomodulatory role of vitamin D in health and disease has gained much interest in recent years due to the many pathologies that share underlying immunological features where vitamin D has been shown to exert a potential role. Evidence from pre-clinical studies show that vitamin D elicits biological effects on both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Furthermore, in vivo studies have shown that administration of vitamin D can lead to changes in or the development of a range of immune-related diseases. This encourages the hypothesis that data derived from clinical and epidemiological studies connect vitamin D with the incidence and severity of many immune-mediated disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and infectious diseases. Since some other immune-mediated diseases share similar features to that of viral infection such as COVID-19, in this review, we examined these other areas and the role of vitamin D in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Giannini
- Clinica Medica 1, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Giusti
- Metabolic Bone Disease Unit & Fracture Liaison Service, Department of Medical Specialties, Regional Health Trust 3, 16125 Genova, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Minisola
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiology, and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Universita Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Passeri
- Unit of Clinica e Terapia Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Rossini
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Luigi Sinigaglia
- Division of Rheumatology, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, 20122 Milano, Italy;
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14
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Gariballa S, Yasin J, Abluwi G, Al Essa A. Vitamin D deficiency associations with metabolic, bone turnover and adverse general health markers in community free living adults. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:17. [PMID: 34991572 PMCID: PMC8740320 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00926-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is some evidence that vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in the Middle East, however its health impact is still not clear. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, causes and health implications of vitamin D deficiency in local United Arab Emirates (UAE) citizens. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on community free living adults living in the city of Al Ain, UAE. Following informed written consent eligible subject's blood and urine samples were taken for measurements of vitamin D [25(OH)D], metabolic and bone turnover markers. Clinical assessment that includes general and self-rated health, muscle health, and physical activity were also performed. RESULTS A total of 648 subjects (491 female) were included in this analysis. Their mean (SD) age was 38 (12) years. Mean 25(OH)D was 24 ng/ml (range: 4-67) with 286 (44%) subjects found to have vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/ml), 234 (36%) subjects have insufficiency (20-32 ng/ml) and 128 (20%) subjects have optimal concentrations (> 32 ng/ml). 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly higher in local indigenous UAE subjects compared to other Arab expatriates (p = 0.071). Although there were no statistically significant differences in clinical markers between groups, however, utra-sensitive C-reactive protein (us-CRP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), body mass index (BMI) and the bone markers U-PYD and PYD/CR were higher in vitamin D deficient older subjects aged ≥50 years and female subjects younger than 50 years respectively compared to those with insufficiency or optimal concentrations (p value < 0.05. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed significant and independent association between 25(OH)D status and age and sex (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Older subjects with vitamin D deficiency have increased BMI, inflammation and PTH compared with those with insufficiency or optimal concentrations. Co-existence of obesity and vitamin D deficiency may have increased adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Gariballa
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Javed Yasin
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghada Abluwi
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Awad Al Essa
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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15
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Gariballa S, Shah I, Yasin J, Alessa A. Vitamin D [25(OH)D] metabolites and epimers in obese subject: Interaction and correlations with adverse metabolic health risk factors. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 215:106023. [PMID: 34774725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.106023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although both vitamin D deficiency and obesity are highly prevalent in the UAE, the role of vitamin D metabolites in mediating obesity-related adverse health effects is not clear. We aimed to assess the role of vitamin D metabolites as potential mediators in the association between obesity, inflammation and metabolic risk factors. METHODS 277 participants who were part of a randomized controlled trial had their assessment that included clinical, anthropometric and physical activity data at baseline and at 6 months. Blood and urine samples were taken for measurements of serum 25(OH)D, 25(OH)D metabolites including 25(OH)D3), 25(OH)D2), 1,25(OH)2D3, 3-Epi-D3), metabolic and inflammatory markers and related biochemical variables. Multiple regression analysis used to assess the role of 25(OH)D metabolites in mediating the effect of increasing body mass index (BMI) on inflammation and metabolic risk factors. RESULTS Overall, 277 participants with complete 6 months follow up with a mean (±SD) age of 41 ± 12 and 204 (74%) female were included in the study. Blood pressure, inflammatory, metabolic and lipid profile markers significantly increased in overweight and obese subjects compared to subjects with normal BMI both at baseline and at 6 months (p < 0.05). 25(OH)D revealed significant association with age, gender, HbA1c and type 2 diabetes (p < 0.05). No statistically significant changes in any of 25(OH)D metabolites assessed. Multivariate analysis revealed significant and independent associations between BMI and important inflammatory and metabolic risk factors (p < 0.05). No similar association observed with 25(OH)D metabolites. CONCLUSION Although we found significant association between 25(OH)D and prevalence of type 2 diabetes, we found no evidence however to support a role of 25(OH)D metabolites in mediating the effect of BMI on inflammatory or metabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Gariballa
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Iltaf Shah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Javed Yasin
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Awad Alessa
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates.
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16
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Morales JS, Valenzuela PL, Castillo-García A, Butragueño J, Jiménez-Pavón D, Carrera-Bastos P, Lucia A. The Exposome and Immune Health in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients 2021; 14:24. [PMID: 35010900 PMCID: PMC8746533 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the importance of lifestyle and environmental exposures-collectively referred to as the 'exposome'-for ensuring immune health. In this narrative review, we summarize and discuss the effects of the different exposome components (physical activity, body weight management, diet, sun exposure, stress, sleep and circadian rhythms, pollution, smoking, and gut microbiome) on immune function and inflammation, particularly in the context of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We highlight the potential role of 'exposome improvements' in the prevention-or amelioration, once established-of this disease as well as their effect on the response to vaccination. In light of the existing evidence, the promotion of a healthy exposome should be a cornerstone in the prevention and management of the COVID-19 pandemic and other eventual pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier S. Morales
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad de Cádiz, 11519 Cadiz, Spain;
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Pedro L. Valenzuela
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.V.); (A.L.)
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (‘PaHerg’), Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre (‘imas12′), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Butragueño
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Polytechnic University of Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - David Jiménez-Pavón
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad de Cádiz, 11519 Cadiz, Spain;
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Carrera-Bastos
- Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden;
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.V.); (A.L.)
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (‘PaHerg’), Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre (‘imas12′), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Adebayo FA, Itkonen ST, Öhman T, Kiely M, Cashman KD, Lamberg-Allardt C. Safety of Vitamin D Food Fortification and Supplementation: Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational Studies. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123065. [PMID: 34945616 PMCID: PMC8701201 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The safety considerations of food-based solutions for vitamin D deficiency prevention, such as fortification and supplementation, are critical. On the basis of collective data from 20 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 20 national healthy surveys, as well as prospective cohort studies (PCSs) across the ODIN project (“Food-based solutions for optimal vitamin D nutrition and health through the life cycle”, FP7-613977), we analyzed the potential safety issues arising from vitamin D intakes and/or supplementation. These adverse consequences included high serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25(OH)D) concentrations (>125 nmol/L), high serum calcium concentrations, and vitamin D intakes in excess of the tolerable upper intake levels (ULs). In the RCTs (n = 3353, with vitamin D doses from 5–175 µg/day), there were no reported adverse effects. The prevalence of high S-25(OH)D was <10% when vitamin D supplements were administered, and <0.1% for fortified foods. Elevated serum calcium was observed among <0.5% in both administration types. No ODIN RCT participants exceeded the age-specific ULs. In observational studies (n = 61,082), the prevalence of high 25(OH)D among children/adolescents, adults, and older adults was <0.3%, with no evidence of adverse effects. In conclusion, high S-25(OH)D concentrations >125 nmol/L were rare in the RCTs and PCSs, and no associated adverse effects were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Folasade A. Adebayo
- Calcium Research Unit, Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (F.A.A.); (S.T.I.); (T.Ö.)
| | - Suvi T. Itkonen
- Calcium Research Unit, Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (F.A.A.); (S.T.I.); (T.Ö.)
| | - Taina Öhman
- Calcium Research Unit, Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (F.A.A.); (S.T.I.); (T.Ö.)
| | - Mairead Kiely
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 Y337 Cork, Ireland; (M.K.); (K.D.C.)
| | - Kevin D. Cashman
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 Y337 Cork, Ireland; (M.K.); (K.D.C.)
| | - Christel Lamberg-Allardt
- Calcium Research Unit, Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (F.A.A.); (S.T.I.); (T.Ö.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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De-la-O A, Jurado-Fasoli L, Lavie CJ, Castillo MJ, Gutiérrez Á, Amaro-Gahete FJ. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and cardiometabolic risk in healthy sedentary adults: The FIT-AGEING study. Int J Cardiol 2021; 344:192-198. [PMID: 34656647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of scientific works investigating the physio-pathological mechanisms behind cardiovascular disease has suggested that vitamin D deficiency could play a key role on its development. However, it remains unclear whether its active form (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy individuals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships of 1,25(OH)2D plasma levels with cardiometabolic risk factors in a sample of healthy sedentary adults. METHODS A total of 73 adults (~53% women; 54 ± 5 years old) were included in the current cross-sectional study. A sex-specific cardiometabolic risk score (MetScore) was calculated for each subject based on clinical parameters (i.e., waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, plasma glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides) according to the International Diabetes Federation's clinical criteria. Plasma levels of 1,25(OH)2D were measured using a DiaSorin Liaison® immunochemiluminometric analyzer. RESULTS No significant association was detected between 1,25(OH)2D and MetScore (β = 0.037, R2 = 0.001, p = 0.77), independently of age, sex and fat body mass index. A significant inverse association were observed between 1,25(OH)2D and waist circumference (β = -0,303, R2 = 0.092, p = 0.01). These results were consistent after controlling by potential confounders. CONCLUSION In summary, the present results suggest that 1,25(OH)2D plasma levels are not associated with either cardiometabolic risk factors or insulin resistance in healthy sedentary adults. However, an inverse association of 1,25(OH)2D plasma levels with central adiposity was observed in our study sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro De-la-O
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Lucas Jurado-Fasoli
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Manuel J Castillo
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Ángel Gutiérrez
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Amaro-Gahete
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain.
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19
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Is Vitamin D Deficiency Related to Increased Cancer Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126444. [PMID: 34208589 PMCID: PMC8233804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is related with increased risk for the development of cancer. Apart from shared common risk factors typical for both diseases, diabetes driven factors including hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and low grade chronic inflammation are of great importance. Recently, vitamin D deficiency was reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including T2DM and cancer. However, little is known whether vitamin D deficiency may be responsible for elevated cancer risk development in T2DM patients. Therefore, the aim of the current review is to identify the molecular mechanisms by which vitamin D deficiency may contribute to cancer development in T2DM patients. Vitamin D via alleviation of insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and inflammation reduces diabetes driven cancer risk factors. Moreover, vitamin D strengthens the DNA repair process, and regulates apoptosis and autophagy of cancer cells as well as signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis i.e., tumor growth factor β (TGFβ), insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and Wnt-β-Cathenin. It should also be underlined that many types of cancer cells present alterations in vitamin D metabolism and action as a result of Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) and CYP27B1 expression dysregulation. Although, numerous studies revealed that adequate vitamin D concentration prevents or delays T2DM and cancer development, little is known how the vitamin affects cancer risk among T2DM patients. There is a pressing need for randomized clinical trials to clarify whether vitamin D deficiency may be a factor responsible for increased risk of cancer in T2DM patients, and whether the use of the vitamin by patients with diabetes and cancer may improve cancer prognosis and metabolic control of diabetes.
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Miao J, Bachmann KN, Huang S, Su YR, Dusek J, Newton-Cheh C, Arora P, Wang TJ. Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Cardiovascular and Glycemic Biomarkers. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e017727. [PMID: 33960201 PMCID: PMC8200713 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.017727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Experimental and observational studies have suggested a link between vitamin D and cardiovascular and metabolic disease, but this has not been confirmed in randomized controlled trials. We sought to determine whether vitamin D supplementation reduces biomarkers of insulin resistance, inflammation, neurohormonal activation, and lipids. Methods and Results This was a prespecified, secondary analysis of the DAYLIGHT (Vitamin D Therapy in Individuals at High Risk of Hypertension) randomized controlled trial. We measured circulating homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, renin, aldosterone, and lipids at baseline and at 6 months in 289 individuals with low vitamin D status (25-hydroxyvitamin-D [25-OH-D] ≤25 ng/mL) receiving low-dose (400 IU/d) versus high-dose (4000 IU/d) vitamin D3 for 6 months. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials reporting biomarker changes after vitamin D supplementation was then performed. Levels of 25-OH-D increased in the high-dose relative to the low-dose vitamin D group (+15.5 versus +4.6 ng/mL, P<0.001). Changes in biomarkers of glycemia, inflammation, and neurohormonal activation did not differ by dose. Lipids did not differ between groups, other than triglycerides, which increased in the high-dose compared with the low-dose group (+11.3 versus -6.2 mg/dL, P<0.001). The meta-analysis showed potential modest decreases in homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and hs-CRP, but no changes in low-density lipoprotein, after vitamin D supplementation compared with control groups. Conclusions In the DAYLIGHT randomized controlled trial, high-dose vitamin D supplementation did not improve biomarkers of glycemia, inflammation, neurohormonal activation, or lipids. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01240512.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Miao
- Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN
| | - Katherine N Bachmann
- Veterans Health AdministrationTennessee Valley Healthcare System Nashville TN.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN.,Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN
| | - Shi Huang
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN.,Department of Biostatistics Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN
| | - Yan Ru Su
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN
| | - Jeffery Dusek
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health Case Western University Medical Center Cleveland OH
| | | | - Pankaj Arora
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL.,Section of Cardiology Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center Birmingham AL
| | - Thomas J Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX
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21
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Valle M, Mitchell PL, Pilon G, St-Pierre P, Varin T, Richard D, Vohl MC, Jacques H, Delvin E, Levy E, Gagnon C, Bazinet L, Marette A. Cholecalciferol Supplementation Does Not Prevent the Development of Metabolic Syndrome or Enhance the Beneficial Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Obese Mice. J Nutr 2021; 151:1175-1189. [PMID: 33851198 PMCID: PMC8112766 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholecalciferol (D3) may improve inflammation, and thus provide protection from cardiometabolic diseases (CMD), although controversy remains. Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3FA) may also prevent the development of CMD, but the combined effects of ω-3FA and D3 are not fully understood. OBJECTIVES We determined the chronic independent and combined effects of D3 and ω-3FA on body weight, glucose homeostasis, and markers of inflammation in obese mice. METHODS We gave 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice, which had been fed a high-fat, high-sucrose (HF) diet (65.5% kcal fat, 19.8% kcal carbohydrate, and 14% kcal protein) for 12 weeks, either a standard D3 dose (+SD3; 1400 IU D3/kg diet) or a high D3 dose (+HD3; 15,000 IU D3/kg diet). We fed 1 +SD3 group and 1 +HD3 group with 4.36% (w/w) fish oil (+ω-3FA; 44% eicosapentaenoic acid, 25% docosahexaenoic acid), and fed the other 2 groups with corn oil [+omega-6 fatty acids (ω-6FA)]. A fifth group was fed a low-fat (LF; 15.5% kcal) diet. LF and HF+ω-6+SD3 differences were tested by a Student's t-test and HF treatment differences were tested by a 2-way ANOVA. RESULTS D3 supplementation in the +HD3 groups did not significantly increase plasma total 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] versus the +SD3 groups, but it increased 3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels by 3.4 ng/mL in the HF+ω-6+HD3 group and 4.0 ng/mL in the HF+ω-3+HD3 group, representing 30% and 70%, respectively, of the total 25(OH)D3 increase. Energy expenditure increased in those mice fed diets +ω-3FA, by 3.9% in the HF+ω-3+SD3 group and 7.4% in the HF+ω-3+HD3 group, but it did not translate into lower body weight. The glucose tolerance curves of the HF+ω-3+SD3 and HF+ω-3+HD3 groups were improved by 11% and 17%, respectively, as compared to the respective +ω-6FA groups. D3 supplementation, within the ω-3FA groups, altered the gut microbiota by increasing the abundance of S24-7 and Lachnospiraceae taxa compared to the standard dose, while within the ω-6FA groups, D3 supplementation did not modulate specific taxa. CONCLUSIONS Overall, D3 supplementation does not prevent CMD or enhance the beneficial effects of ω-3FA in vitamin D-sufficient obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Valle
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Patricia L Mitchell
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Pilon
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe St-Pierre
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Thibault Varin
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Richard
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Hélène Jacques
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Edgar Delvin
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Sainte Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Sainte Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Claudia Gagnon
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec Research Centre, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Laurent Bazinet
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,Department of Food Sciences, Laboratory of Food Processing and ElectroMembrane Processes, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
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22
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Oxidative Stress and Low-Grade Inflammation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Controversies and New Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041667. [PMID: 33562271 PMCID: PMC7915804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is quite complex and different mechanisms could contribute to hyperandrogenism and anovulation, which are the main features of the syndrome. Obesity and insulin-resistance are claimed as the principal factors contributing to the clinical presentation; in normal weight PCOS either, increased visceral adipose tissue has been described. However, their role is still debated, as debated are the biochemical markers linked to obesity per se. Oxidative stress (OS) and low-grade inflammation (LGI) have recently been a matter of researcher attention; they can influence each other in a reciprocal vicious cycle. In this review, we summarize the main mechanism of radical generation and the link with LGI. Furthermore, we discuss papers in favor or against the role of obesity as the first pathogenetic factor, and show how OS itself, on the contrary, can induce obesity and insulin resistance; in particular, the role of GH-IGF-1 axis is highlighted. Finally, the possible consequences on vitamin D synthesis and activation on the immune system are briefly discussed. This review intends to underline the key role of oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation in the physiopathology of PCOS, they can cause or worsen obesity, insulin-resistance, vitamin D deficiency, and immune dyscrasia, suggesting an inverse interaction to what is usually considered.
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23
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Chimenti MS, Fonti GL, Conigliaro P, Triggianese P, Bianciardi E, Coviello M, Lombardozzi G, Tarantino G, Niolu C, Siracusano A, Perricone R. The burden of depressive disorders in musculoskeletal diseases: is there an association between mood and inflammation? Ann Gen Psychiatry 2021; 20:1. [PMID: 33397417 PMCID: PMC7783979 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-020-00322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Evidence emerged concerning how inflammatory arthritis and mood disorders can often occur in the same patient and show a similar clinical pattern. An overview of the rheumatological and psychiatric aspects of these diseases can certainly be useful for the improvement of patients' clinical and therapeutic management. OBJECTIVE The aim of this narrative review was to summarize existing literature about common pathogenetic and clinical aspects as a means of improving management and therapeutic approach in patients affected by rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and spondyloarthritis. Outcomes such as disease activity indexes and patient reported outcomes (PROs) were considered. FINDINGS Common pathogenetic pathways emerged between inflammatory arthritis and mood disorders. Pro-inflammatory mechanisms, such as TNFα, IL-6, IL-17 and oxidative stress factors as well as neurotransmitter alterations at the level of CNS and blood-brain barrier (BBB) cells are involved. The activation of these common pathogenetic pathways is, also, affected by the same triggers, such as smoking, stress, lifestyle, and evidence has emerged concerning the possibility of the clinical efficacy of using the same therapeutic approaches. CONCLUSIONS The main causes of the variability in clinical studies outcomes are the rheumatological diseases considered, the prevalence of depression in the general population and in patients with rheumatological diseases and the type of depressive symptom examined. Patients affected by inflammatory arthritis can present symptoms and signs in common with mood disorders, leading to possible clinical overlap. There are still few studies analyzing this concept: they are extremely heterogeneous, both in the characteristics of the population taken into consideration and in the methods used for the definition of depressive disorder, but the suggestions of the data obtained so far are promising and deserve to be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sole Chimenti
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Lavinia Fonti
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Conigliaro
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Triggianese
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Bianciardi
- Psychiatric Chair, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marialuce Coviello
- Psychiatric Chair, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Ginevra Lombardozzi
- Psychiatric Chair, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Tarantino
- Psychiatric Chair, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Niolu
- Psychiatric Chair, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Siracusano
- Psychiatric Chair, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Perricone
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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24
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Gregório PC, Bucharles S, da Cunha RS, Braga T, Almeida AC, Henneberg R, Stinghen AE, Barreto FC. In vitro anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D supplementation may be blurred in hemodialysis patients. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2021; 76:e1821. [PMID: 33624705 PMCID: PMC7885853 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2021/e1821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D supplementation under uremic conditions, both in vivo and in vitro, and its effects on the parameters of mineral metabolism. METHODS Thirty-two hemodialysis patients were randomly assigned to receive placebo (N=14) or cholecalciferol (N=18) for six months. Serum levels of calcium, phosphate, total alkaline phosphatase, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and vitamin D were measured at baseline and after three and six months. The levels of fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were also measured at baseline and at six months. Human monocytes were used for in vitro experiments and treated with cholecalciferol (150 nM) and uremic serum. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cathelicidin (CAMP) expression were evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate assay, and real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RESULTS Both patient groups were clinically and biochemically similar at baseline. After six months, the levels of vitamin D and iPTH were higher and lower, respectively, in the cholecalciferol group than in the placebo group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the parameters of mineral metabolism, such as IL-1β and hs-CRP levels, in both groups. Treatment with uremic serum lowered the monocyte viability (p<0.0001) and increased ROS production (p<0.01) and CAMP expression (p<0.05); these effects were counterbalanced by cholecalciferol treatment (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Thus, cholecalciferol supplementation is an efficient strategy to ameliorate hypovitaminosis D in hemodialysis patients, but its beneficial effects on the control of secondary hyperparathyroidism are relatively unclear. Even though cholecalciferol exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in vitro, its short-term supplementation was not effective in improving the inflammatory profile of patients on hemodialysis, as indicated by the IL-1β and hs-CRP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo C. Gregório
- Laboratorio de Nefrologia Experimental, Departamento de Patologia Basica, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, PR, BR
| | - Sergio Bucharles
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Divisao de Nefrologia, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, PR, BR
| | - Regiane S. da Cunha
- Laboratorio de Nefrologia Experimental, Departamento de Patologia Basica, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, PR, BR
| | - Tárcio Braga
- Laboratorio de Nefrologia Experimental, Departamento de Patologia Basica, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, PR, BR
| | - Ana Clara Almeida
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias da Saude, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, PR, BR
| | - Railson Henneberg
- Departamento de Analises Clinicas, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, PR, BR
| | - Andréa E.M. Stinghen
- Laboratorio de Nefrologia Experimental, Departamento de Patologia Basica, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, PR, BR
| | - Fellype C. Barreto
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Divisao de Nefrologia, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, PR, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
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25
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Lukenda Zanko V, Domislovic V, Trkulja V, Krznaric-Zrnic I, Turk-Wensveen T, Krznaric Z, Filipec Kanizaj T, Radic-Kristo D, Bilic-Zulle L, Orlic L, Dinjar-Kujundzic P, Poropat G, Stimac D, Hauser G, Mikolasevic I. Vitamin D for treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease detected by transient elastography: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; 22:2097-2106. [PMID: 32613718 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effects of vitamin D on transient elastography (TE, FibroScan) indices of liver steatosis (controlled attenuation parameter [CAP]) and fibrosis (liver stiffness measurement [LSM]) in adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). PATIENTS AND METHODS In this randomized (2:1), double-blind, single-centre, 12-month trial, patients with NAFLD were treated with vitamin D (1000 IU/day) (n = 201) or a matching placebo (n = 110). Two co-primary outcomes were changes in CAP and LSM after 360 days of treatment versus baseline. Two main secondary outcomes were CAP/LSM changes after 180 days of treatment. RESULTS Both CAP and LSM gradually decreased in vitamin D-treated patients and slightly increased in the placebo arm. Vitamin D was superior to placebo for both primary outcomes (mean differences in CAP and LSM changes (-49.5 dB/m [95% CI -59.5 to -39.4] and -0.72 kPa [95% CI -1.43 to 0.00], respectively) and both secondary outcomes (-22.1 dB/m [-32.1 to -12.1] and -0.89 kPa [-1.61 to -0.17], respectively). Of a number of exploratory outcomes (change at 12 months vs. baseline), vitamin D reduced serum uric acid (-17.9 μmol/L [-30.6 to -5.2]), gamma-glutamyltransferase (-8.9 IU/L [-15.5 to -2.3)] and fasting serum insulin levels (-5.1 pmol/L [-9.3 to -0.8]) as well as the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index (-1.6 [-3.1 to -0.2]) (false discovery rate [5%]-adjusted P-values between .0572 and .0952). CONCLUSION Low-medium dose supplementation of vitamin D (1000 IU/day) over 12 months reduces TE indices of liver steatosis (CAP) and fibrosis (LSM) in NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Lukenda Zanko
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital "Josip Benčević", Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| | - Viktor Domislovic
- Department for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Trkulja
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Krznaric-Zrnic
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Tamara Turk-Wensveen
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- School of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Zeljko Krznaric
- Department for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tajana Filipec Kanizaj
- School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Merkur, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Delfa Radic-Kristo
- School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Merkur, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Lidija Bilic-Zulle
- Clinical Institute for Laboratory Diagnostics, Clinical Hospital Centre, Rijeka and Department of Medical Informatics, Rijeka University School of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Lidija Orlic
- School of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Goran Poropat
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- School of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Davor Stimac
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- School of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Goran Hauser
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- School of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ivana Mikolasevic
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- School of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Merkur, Zagreb, Croatia
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26
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Short-Term Combined Exercise Improves Inflammatory Profile in the Retina of Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176099. [PMID: 32847099 PMCID: PMC7503303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess of adipose tissue increases the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, triggering a subclinical inflammatory condition. This inflammatory profile contributes to retina damage, which can lead to retinal dysfunction and reduced vision. Regularly practicing both aerobic and strength exercises is well known for promoting anti-inflammatory effects on different organs in the peripheral and central regions. However, the effects of combined physical exercise (CPE; strength + aerobic) on the inflammatory process in the retina tissue are not yet known. This study aimed to investigate the effects of CPE on the inflammatory profile of the retina in obese mice. Swiss mice were distributed into control, sedentary obese, and trained obese groups. The trained obese group was subjected to short-term CPE, 1 h/day, for 7 days. The CPE was composed of aerobic and strength exercises in the same exercise session. The strength exercise protocol consisted of 10 climbing series, with 12 ± 1 dynamic climbing movements at 70% of the maximum voluntary carrying capacity (MVCC), and the aerobic exercise protocol consisted of 30 min of treadmill running, with an intensity of 75% of the exhaust velocity. Subsequently, the retina was excised and analyzed by Western blot. Obese animals presented impairment on glucose homeostasis and elevated levels of proinflammatory proteins in the serum and retina; however, CPE was effective in reversing these parameters, independently of changes in body adiposity. Therefore, for the first time, we have shown that short-term CPE can be an important strategy to treat an inflammatory profile in the retina.
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27
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Khorasanchi Z, Bahrami A, Tavallaee S, Mazloum Khorasani Z, Afkhamizadeh M, Khodashenas E, Ferns GA, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. Effect of high-dose vitamin D supplementation on antibody titers to heat shock protein 27 in adolescent girls. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020; 33:613-621. [PMID: 32352398 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2019-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Although vitamin D deficiency is associated with several inflammatory conditions, there have been few studies on the effects of vitamin D supplementation on markers of oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of high-dose vitamin D supplementation on heat shock protein 27 antibody (anti-Hsp27) titers in adolescent girls. Methods Five hundred and fifty adolescent girls received vitamin D3 at a dose of 50,000 IU/week for 9 weeks. Demographic, clinical and biochemical markers including serum fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile and anti-Hsp27 titers as well as hematological parameters including white blood cell (WBC) count and red blood cell (RBC) distribution width (RDW) were determined in all the subjects at baseline and at the end of the study. Results Serum vitamin D significantly increased from 6.4 (4.2-9.6) ng/mL to 35.6 (25.8-47.5) ng/mL (p < 0.001) following the intervention. Furthermore, serum anti-Hsp27 titers were significantly lower after the 9-week vitamin D administration period (0.22 [0.12-0.33] optical density [OD] vs. 0.19 [0.11-0.31] OD; p = 0.002). A significant correlation was found between serum anti-Hsp27 and RDW (r = 0.13, p = 0.037). The reduction in RDW values after intervention was particularly evident in subjects with the greatest increase in serum vitamin D levels. Conclusions High-dose vitamin D supplementation was found to reduce antibody titers to Hsp27. Further randomized placebo-controlled trials are warranted to determine the long-term effect of vitamin D administration on the inflammatory process especially that associated with chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Khorasanchi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Afsane Bahrami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Shima Tavallaee
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mozhgan Afkhamizadeh
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ezzat Khodashenas
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, UK
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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28
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Palaniswamy S, Gill D, De Silva NM, Lowry E, Jokelainen J, Karhu T, Mutt SJ, Dehghan A, Sliz E, Chasman DI, Timonen M, Viinamäki H, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Hyppönen E, Herzig KH, Sebert S, Järvelin MR. Could vitamin D reduce obesity-associated inflammation? Observational and Mendelian randomization study. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:1036-1047. [PMID: 32232398 PMCID: PMC7198294 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with inflammation but the role of vitamin D in this process is not clear. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], BMI, and 16 inflammatory biomarkers, and to assess the role of vitamin D as a potential mediator in the association between higher BMI and inflammation. METHODS Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966) 31-y data on 3586 individuals were analyzed to examine the observational associations between BMI, 25(OH)D, and 16 inflammatory biomarkers. Multivariable regression analyses and 2-sample regression-based Mendelian randomization (MR) mediation analysis were performed to assess any role of vitamin D in mediating a causal effect of BMI on inflammatory biomarkers [soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP)] for which observational associations were detected. For MR, genome-wide association study summary results ranging from 5163 to 806,834 individuals were used for biomarkers, 25(OH)D, and BMI. Findings were triangulated with a literature review of vitamin D supplementation trials. RESULTS In NFBC1966, mean BMI (kg/m2) was 24.8 (95% CI: 24.7, 25.0) and mean 25(OH)D was 50.3 nmol/L (95% CI: 49.8, 50.7 nmol/L). Inflammatory biomarkers correlated as 4 independent clusters: interleukins, adhesion molecules, acute-phase proteins, and chemokines. BMI was positively associated with 9 inflammatory biomarkers and inversely with 25(OH)D (false discovery rate < 0.05). 25(OH)D was inversely associated with sICAM-1, hs-CRP, and AGP, which were positively associated with BMI. The MR analyses showed causal association of BMI on these 3 inflammatory biomarkers. There was no observational or MR evidence that circulating 25(OH)D concentrations mediated the association between BMI and these 3 inflammatory markers. Review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) supported our findings showing no impact of vitamin D supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS The findings from our observational study and causal MR analyses, together with data from RCTs, do not support a beneficial role of vitamin D supplementation on obesity-related inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Palaniswamy
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,Address correspondence to SP (e-mail: )
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - N Maneka De Silva
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Estelle Lowry
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jari Jokelainen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Toni Karhu
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,Institute of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Shivaprakash J Mutt
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,Institute of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eeva Sliz
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Preventive Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Markku Timonen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heimo Viinamäki
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; and Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, South Australian Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland,Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,Department of Genomics of Complex Diseases, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland,Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom,Address correspondence to M-RJ (e-mail: )
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29
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Circulating cytokine concentrations are not altered by supplemental vitamin D in knee osteoarthritis: A pilot study. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION & INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2019.100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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30
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Valer-Martinez A, Martinez JA, Sayon-Orea C, Galvano F, Grosso G, Bes-Rastrollo M. Vitamin D and Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in Overweight Adults: An Overview of the Evidence. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:2407-2420. [PMID: 31333117 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190722103919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have suggested a potential association between low vitamin D serum levels and several pathological conditions apart from the well-known bone disorders. Thus, vitamin D insufficiency has been linked to cardiometabolic risk factors including obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, as well as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE This review intends to provide an overview of recent evidence from clinical studies on vitamin D [25- hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)] and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight adults. Furthermore, we also discussed potential mechanisms and limits of the retrieved results. METHODS The search process was based on the selection of publications (RCT) listed in PubMed and Cochrane Library databases. RESULTS Vitamin D status evidenced an inversely strong association with subcutaneous adipose tissue and visceral adiposity, but not significantly related to other bodyweight measures (i.e., body mass index). Studies have shown a potential inverse association of hypovitaminosis D with insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSION The mechanisms by which vitamin D deficiency enhances adiposity, as well as putative association with metabolic syndrome features, remain still unclear. Further investigation would be required to conclude whether vitamin D has an independent role in preventing cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Valer-Martinez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology/Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,IdiSNa, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Institute IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Sayon-Orea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maira Bes-Rastrollo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,IdiSNa, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
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Mohseni H, Amani R, Hosseini SA, Ekrami A, Ahmadzadeh A, Latifi SM. Genetic Variations in VDR could Modulate the Efficacy of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Inflammatory Markers and Total Antioxidant Capacity among Breast Cancer Women: A Randomized Double Blind Controlled Trial. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:2065-2072. [PMID: 31350967 PMCID: PMC6745231 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.7.2065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Low levels of vitamin D are found in a great part of breast cancer women. Study subjects using vitamin D3 supplement had lower rates of cancers and fewer markers of inflammation. Additionally, recent studies demonstrate the power of vitamin D supplementation to lower inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers associate with VDR polymorphism to reduce inflammation. This study was aimed to assess the impact of vitamin D3 supplementation on the serum concentration of inflammatory markers and antioxidant capacity with regard to VDR polymorphism in the VDR gene in breast cancer women. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 56 breast cancer women. Participants were assigned to 2 treatment arms: placebo and vitamin D3 for 2 months intervention. Supplementation group received 50,000 IU of vitamin weekly. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after the intervention to measure the 25(OH) D3, TNF-α, TGF- β and TAC. Genotyping was performed for FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI polymorphism. Results: After eight weeks supplementation, the intervention group showed a significant increase in the serum concentration of 25(OH) D3 (28±2.6 to 39±3.5; p=0.004 and TAC (48.9±13.3 to 63.5±13.3; p= 0.017). Changes in TNF-α, TGF- β1 were not significant. Serum TAC levels of participants with the TT/Tt, Ff genotypes were more responsive to supplementation. Conclusions: Supplementation with a vitamin D3 increased the TAC in breast cancer women, although it had no effect on inflammatory markers. Serum TAC in the TT/Tt, Ff were more responsive to vitamin D supplement compared with those with the FF/ff and tt genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houra Mohseni
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reza Amani
- Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. ,Food Security Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Hosseini
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Ekrami
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ahmadzadeh
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Latifi
- Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Vitamin D Deficiency: Effects on Oxidative Stress, Epigenetics, Gene Regulation, and Aging. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:biology8020030. [PMID: 31083546 PMCID: PMC6627346 DOI: 10.3390/biology8020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in vitamin D research indicate that this vitamin, a secosteroid hormone, has beneficial effects on several body systems other than the musculoskeletal system. Both 25 dihydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)2D] and its active hormonal form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] are essential for human physiological functions, including damping down inflammation and the excessive intracellular oxidative stresses. Vitamin D is one of the key controllers of systemic inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial respiratory function, and thus, the aging process in humans. In turn, molecular and cellular actions form 1,25(OH)2D slow down oxidative stress, cell and tissue damage, and the aging process. On the other hand, hypovitaminosis D impairs mitochondrial functions, and enhances oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. The interaction of 1,25(OH)2D with its intracellular receptors modulates vitamin D–dependent gene transcription and activation of vitamin D-responsive elements, which triggers multiple second messenger systems. Thus, it is not surprising that hypovitaminosis D increases the incidence and severity of several age-related common diseases, such as metabolic disorders that are linked to oxidative stress. These include obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, pregnancy complications, memory disorders, osteoporosis, autoimmune diseases, certain cancers, and systemic inflammatory diseases. Vitamin D adequacy leads to less oxidative stress and improves mitochondrial and endocrine functions, reducing the risks of disorders, such as autoimmunity, infections, metabolic derangements, and impairment of DNA repair; all of this aids a healthy, graceful aging process. Vitamin D is also a potent anti-oxidant that facilitates balanced mitochondrial activities, preventing oxidative stress-related protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage. New understandings of vitamin D-related advances in metabolomics, transcriptomics, epigenetics, in relation to its ability to control oxidative stress in conjunction with micronutrients, vitamins, and antioxidants, following normalization of serum 25(OH)D and tissue 1,25(OH)2D concentrations, likely to promise cost-effective better clinical outcomes in humans.
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Ruiz-León AM, Lapuente M, Estruch R, Casas R. Clinical Advances in Immunonutrition and Atherosclerosis: A Review. Front Immunol 2019; 10:837. [PMID: 31068933 PMCID: PMC6491827 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic low-grade inflammatory disease that affects large and medium-sized arteries and is considered to be a major underlying cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The high risk of mortality by atherosclerosis has led to the development of new strategies for disease prevention and management, including immunonutrition. Plant-based dietary patterns, functional foods, dietary supplements, and bioactive compounds such as the Mediterranean Diet, berries, polyunsaturated fatty acids, ω-3 and ω-6, vitamins E, A, C, and D, coenzyme Q10, as well as phytochemicals including isoflavones, stilbenes, and sterols have been associated with improvement in atheroma plaque at an inflammatory level. However, many of these correlations have been obtained in vitro and in experimental animals' models. On one hand, the present review focuses on the evidence obtained from epidemiological, dietary intervention and supplementation studies in humans supporting the role of immunonutrient supplementation and its effect on anti-inflammatory response in atherosclerotic disease. On the other hand, this review also analyzes the possible molecular mechanisms underlying the protective action of these supplements, which may lead a novel therapeutic approach to prevent or attenuate diet-related disease, such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Ruiz-León
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Mediterranean Diet Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Lapuente
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Casas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Rafique A, Etzerodt A, Graversen JH, Moestrup SK, Dagnæs-Hansen F, Møller HJ. Targeted lipid nanoparticle delivery of calcitriol to human monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro and in vivo: investigation of the anti-inflammatory effects of calcitriol. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:2829-2846. [PMID: 31114197 PMCID: PMC6488164 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s192113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D3 possesses anti-inflammatory and modulatory properties in addition to its role in calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Upon activation, macrophages (M) can initiate and sustain pro-inflammatory cytokine production in inflammatory disorders and play a pathogenic role in certain cancers. Purpose The main purpose of this study was to encapsulate and specifically target calcitriol to macrophages and investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of calcitriol in vitro and in vivo. Methods In this study we have designed and developed near-infrared calcitriol PEGylated nanoparticles (PEG-LNP(Cal)) using a microfluidic mixing technique and modified lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to target the M specific endocytic receptor CD163. We have investigated LNP cellular uptake and anti-inflammatory effect in LPS-induced M in vitro by flow cytometry, confocal microscopy and gene expression analyses. LNP pharmacodynamics, bio-distribution and organ specific LNP accumulation was also investigated in mice in vivo. Results In vitro, we observed the specific uptake of PEG-LNP(Cal)-hCD163 in human M, which was significantly higher than the non-specific uptake of control PEG-LNP(Cal)-IgG(h) in M. Pretreatment with encapsulated calcitriol was able to attenuate intracellular TNF-expression, and M surface marker HLA-DR expression more efficiently than free calcitriol in LPS-induced M in vitro. Encapsulated calcitriol diminished mRNA gene levels of TNF-, NF-B, MCP-1 and IL-6, while upregulating IL-10. TNF- and IL-6 protein secretion also decreased. In mice, an in vivo pharmacodynamic study of PEG-LNP(Cal) showed a rapid clearance of IgG and CD163 modified LNPs compared to PEG-LNP(Cal). Antibody modified PEG-LNP(Cal) accumulated in the liver, spleen and kidney, whereas unmodified PEG-LNP(Cal) accumulation was only observed in the liver. Conclusion Our results show that calcitriol can be effectively targeted to M. Our data confirms the anti-inflammatory properties of calcitriol and this may be a potential way to deliver high dose bioactive calcitriol to M during inflammation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Rafique
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark,
| | - Anders Etzerodt
- Institute of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jonas H Graversen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Søren K Moestrup
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Holger Jon Møller
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark,
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25(OH)D3 and 1.25(OH)2D3 inhibits TNF-α expression in human monocyte derived macrophages. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215383. [PMID: 30978243 PMCID: PMC6461260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We wanted to investigate effects of vitamin D3 (25(OH)D3 and 1.25(OH)2D3) on inflammatory cytokine expression in both activated and non-activated Mφ. Materials and methods Mononuclear cells, isolated from healthy donor buffy coats were cultured for a 6-day differentiation-period. Fully differentiated Mφ were pre-treated with either 25(OH)D3 or 1.25(OH)2D3 for (4, 12 or 24 hours) +/-LPS challenge for 4 hours. Gene expression analyses of VDR, Cyp27b1 and pro-inflammatory markers TNF-α, IL-6, NF-κB, MCP-1, was performed using RT-quantitative PCR. TNF-α protein levels from Mφ culture media were analysed by ELISA. Results Both 25(OH)D3 and 1.25(OH)2D3 significantly inhibited TNF-α expression in both LPS-stimulated and unstimulated Mφ. Also, NF-κB, and to a lesser extend IL-6 and MCP-1 were inhibited. LPS up-regulated Cyp27b1 gene expression which was partly reverted by 1.25(OH)2D3. Conclusion These data show anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D3 (25(OH)D3 and 1.25(OH)2D3) in human macrophages, and support, that means for targeting high dose vitamin D3 to the immune system may have beneficial clinical effect in inflammatory conditions.
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Gerena Y, Menéndez-Delmestre R, Delgado-Nieves A, Vélez J, Méndez-Álvarez J, Sierra-Pagan JE, Skolasky RL, Henderson L, Nath A, Wojna V. Release of Soluble Insulin Receptor From Neurons by Cerebrospinal Fluid From Patients With Neurocognitive Dysfunction and HIV Infection. Front Neurol 2019; 10:285. [PMID: 30972014 PMCID: PMC6443904 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we found that high levels of soluble insulin receptor (sIR) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of an HIV-infected women cohort were associated with the presence and severity of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). In this study we investigated if CSF from this population, HIV-1 Tat, and selected cytokines induces sIR secretion from human neuronal cells. Twenty-three (23) HIV-seropositive women stratified by cognitive status and five HIV- seronegative women were evaluated. Soluble IR levels were measured in the extracellular medium of neuronal cells (SH-SY5Y) that were exposed (for 24 h) to the CSF of patients. The levels of sIR, HIV-1 Tat, and cytokine levels (IL-2, IL4, IL-6, IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-10) were quantified in the CSF of participants by ELISA and flow cytometry. Neuronal secretion of sIR was measured after exposure (24 h) to HIV-1 Tat (0.5–250 nM), or specific cytokines. The effects of TNFα and HIV-1 Tat on sIR secretion were also evaluated in the presence of R7050 (TNFα antagonist; 10 nM). Neurons exposed to the CSF of HIV-infected women had higher sIR levels according to the severity of neurocognitive impairment of the participant. Increased CSF sIR levels were associated with the presence and severity of HAND and were positively correlated with CSF HIV-1 Tat levels in HIV-infected women with cognitive impairment. CSF levels of IL-2, IFNγ, and TNFα were significantly increased with HAND. However, only TNFα (5 pg/mL) and HIV-1 Tat (100 nM) induced a significant increase in neuronal sIR secretion after 24 h exposure, an effect that was antagonized when each were combined with R7050. Our data suggests that TNFα and HIV-1 Tat from the CSF of HIV-infected women may regulate the secretion of sIR from neuronal cells and that the effect of HIV-1 Tat on sIR secretion may depend on TNFα receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamil Gerena
- NeuroHIV Research Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Raissa Menéndez-Delmestre
- NeuroHIV Research Program, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Andrea Delgado-Nieves
- NeuroHIV Research Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Joyce Vélez
- NeuroHIV Research Program, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, United States
| | | | - Javier E Sierra-Pagan
- NeuroHIV Research Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Richard L Skolasky
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lisa Henderson
- Section of Infections of the Nervous System, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Avindra Nath
- Section of Infections of the Nervous System, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Valerie Wojna
- NeuroHIV Research Program, Division of Neurology, Internal Medicine Department, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, United States
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Łagowska K, Bajerska J, Jamka M. The Role of Vitamin D Oral Supplementation in Insulin Resistance in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1637. [PMID: 30400199 PMCID: PMC6266903 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation (alone or with co-supplementation) on insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS We performed a literature search of databases (Medline, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, Cochrane Library) and identified all reports of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published prior to April 2018. We compared the effects of supplementation with vitamin D alone (dose from 1000 IU/d to 60,000 IU/week) or with co-supplements to the administration of placebos in women diagnosed with PCOS. The systematic review and meta-analysis protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (Prospero) as number CRD42018090572. MAIN RESULTS Eleven of 345 identified studies were included in the analysis; these involved 601women diagnosed with PCOS. Vitamin D as a co-supplement was found to significantly decrease fasting glucose concentrations and the HOMA-IR value. HOMA-IR also declined significantly when vitamin D was supplemented with a dose lower than 4000 IU/d. CONCLUSIONS Evidence from RCTs suggests that the supplementation of PCOS patients with continuous low doses of vitamin D (<4000 IU/d) or supplementation with vitamin D as a co-supplement may improve insulin sensitivity in terms of the fasting glucose concentration (supplementation with vitamin D in combination with other micronutrients) and HOMA-IR (supplementation with vitamin D in continuous low daily doses or as co-supplement).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Łagowska
- Institute ofHuman Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Joanna Bajerska
- Institute ofHuman Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Jamka
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland.
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Geier A, Eichinger M, Stirnimann G, Semela D, Tay F, Seifert B, Tschopp O, Bantel H, Jahn D, Marques Maggio E, Saleh L, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Müllhaupt B, Dufour JF. Treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis patients with vitamin D: a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2018; 53:1114-1120. [PMID: 30270688 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2018.1501091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is defined by liver inflammation and consecutive fibrotic damage caused by a deposition of fat in the liver. No licensed medical treatments exist and lifestyle modification is difficult to incorporate into everyday life. We investigated the efficacy and safety of a 48-week treatment with vitamin D3 in NASH patients. METHODS Histologically determined NASH patients with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and decreased 25-OH vitamin D level at baseline received vitamin D3 or placebo orally over a 48-week period. The primary endpoint of this study was the change in ALT from baseline to the end-of-treatment. Steatohepatitis was categorized according to the Steatosis, Activity and Fibrosis Score and disease activity was assessed using the NAFLD activity score. RESULTS Serum 25-OH vitamin D levels significantly increased only in the vitamin D3 group over the 48-week treatment phase indicating compliance. In contrast to placebo, patients in the vitamin D group had markedly decreased ALT levels after the end-of-treatment phase. A significant decrease during treatment with vitamin D was also observed for cytokeratin-18 fragments compared with placebo. The study was not powered to detect changes in histological score, hence only descriptive results for histopathological characteristics are available. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with 2100 IE vitamin D q.d. over 48 weeks was well tolerated and led to a significant improvement of serum ALT levels in patients with hypovitaminosis D and histology-proven NASH as the primary endpoint together with a trend toward reduction of hepatic steatosis, which was not significant due to a small number of available biopsy specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Geier
- a Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine II , University Hospital Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany.,b Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology , University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Mareile Eichinger
- c Clinical Trials Center, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Guido Stirnimann
- d University Clinic for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - David Semela
- e Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology , Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen , St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Tay
- c Clinical Trials Center, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Burkhardt Seifert
- f Department of Biostatistics at Epidemiology , Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Oliver Tschopp
- g Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology , University Hospital and University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Heike Bantel
- h Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology , Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Daniel Jahn
- a Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine II , University Hospital Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| | | | - Lanja Saleh
- j Department of Clinical Chemistry , University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | | | - Beat Müllhaupt
- b Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology , University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
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Khosravi ZS, Kafeshani M, Tavasoli P, Zadeh AH, Entezari MH. Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Weight Loss, Glycemic Indices, and Lipid Profile in Obese and Overweight Women: A Clinical Trial Study. Int J Prev Med 2018; 9:63. [PMID: 30123437 PMCID: PMC6071442 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_329_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vitamin D (vit D) deficiency has defined as a health problem worldwide. World Health Organization (WHO) has declared that obesity is an epidemic of the 21st century. Previous studies have shown that obesity may increase the risk of Vit D deficiency. Furthermore, other studies have demonstrated that vit D insufficiency was accompanied with higher risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and obesity. The aim of this study was to survey the effect of vit D supplementation on weight loss among overweight and obese women aged 20-40 years in Isfahan. Methods This double-blind clinical trial was done on 50 overweight and obese women who were divided into two groups, in which one group received vit D supplements and the other group received placebo. Intervention group received vit D with dozes 50,000 IU/w for 6 weeks. The levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin (ins), homeostasis model assessment of ins resistance (IR), C-reactive protein (CRP), height, weight (WT), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and blood pressure (BP) were measured before and after intervention. Results After using vit D supplementation for 6 weeks, WT, WC, and body mass index (BMI) were decreased significantly and serum vit D increased significantly compared to control group (P < 0.001). Other factors including TC, TG, LDL-c, HDL-c, FBS, CRP, ins, IR, and waist to hip ratio (WHR) did not change significantly (P > 0.05). Conclusions After 6 weeks of intervention, the means of WT, BMI, WC, and HC decreased significantly. Previous studies have shown that vit D deficiency was more prevalence in obese people and there was an inverse association among vit D with BMI and WC. The relationship between vit D and lipid profiles such as glycemic indexes, anthropometric indexes, CRP, and BP is not clear and needs more study in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sadat Khosravi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Kafeshani
- Clinical Nutrition/Community Nutrition/Food Science and Technology, Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parastoo Tavasoli
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Akbar Hassan Zadeh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatic, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Entezari
- Clinical Nutrition/Community Nutrition/Food Science and Technology, Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Mirhosseini N, Rainsbury J, Kimball SM. Vitamin D Supplementation, Serum 25(OH)D Concentrations and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:87. [PMID: 30050908 PMCID: PMC6052909 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are associated with low serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations in observational studies; however, clinical trial findings are inconsistent. Objective: We assessed the effect of vitamin D supplementation and increased serum 25(OH)D concentrations on CVD risk factors in a systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Design: MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were searched for RCTs that evaluated vitamin D supplementation and cardiovascular outcomes [blood pressure, parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), total cholesterol, high and low density lipoprotein (HDL and LDL, respectively), triglycerides, peak wave velocity (PWV) and Augmentation Index (AI)] from 1992 through 2017. Meta-analysis was based on a random-effects model and inverse variance method to calculate standardized mean difference (SMD) as effect sizes, followed by a leave-one-out method for sensitivity analysis. Risk of publication bias was assessed using Cochrane checklist and Begg funnel plots. The systematic review is registered as CRD42015025346. Results: We identified 2341 studies from which 81 met inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis indicated a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (SMD = −0.102 ± 0.04 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI), −0.20 to −0.03), diastolic blood pressure (SMD = −0.07 ± 0.03 mmHg, 95% CI, −0.14 to −0.006), serum PTH (SMD = −0.66 ± 0.08 ng/L, 95% CI, −0.82 to −0.49), hs-CRP (SMD = −0.20 ± 0.07 mg/L, 95% CI, −0.34 to −0.06), total cholesterol (SMD = −0.15 ± 0.06 mmol/L, 95% CI, −0.25 to −0.04), LDL (SMD = −0.10 ± 0.05 mmol/L, 95% CI, −0.20 to −0.003), triglycerides (SMD = −0.12 ± 0.06 mmol/L, 95% CI, −0.23 to −0.003) and a significant increase in HDL (SMD = 0.09 ± 0.04 mmol/L, 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.17) with vitamin D supplementation. These findings remained significant in sensitivity analyses for blood pressure, lipid profile, serum PTH, and serum hs-CRP. There was no significant effect of vitamin D supplementation on PWV (SMD = −0.20 ± 0.13 m/s, 95% CI, −0.46 to 0.06, p = 0.14) and AI (SMD = −0.09 ± 0.14%, 95% CI, −0.37 to 0.19, p = 0.52) for vitamin D supplemented groups. Conclusion: These findings suggest that vitamin D supplementation may act to protect against CVD through improving risk factors, including high blood pressure, elevated PTH, dyslipidemia, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samantha M Kimball
- Pure North S'Energy Foundation, Calgary, AB, Canada.,St. Mary's University, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Mirhosseini N, Vatanparast H, Mazidi M, Kimball SM. Vitamin D Supplementation, Glycemic Control, and Insulin Resistance in Prediabetics: A Meta-Analysis. J Endocr Soc 2018; 2:687-709. [PMID: 29951596 PMCID: PMC6016617 DOI: 10.1210/js.2017-00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes prevention is a public health priority. Vitamin D supplementation may help prevent the development of diabetes in persons at increased risk. We performed a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials that assessed glycemic outcome measures among adults at risk for type 2 diabetes, including prediabetes, overweight, or obesity. We searched PUBMED/ MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Google Scholar databases for trials published prior to April 2017. Placebo-controlled clinical trials with random allocation to vitamin D with or without calcium supplementation were selected. Data collection included country, study design, inclusion criteria, sample size, form, and dose of vitamin D, supplementation interval, control group, duration, participant characteristics, comorbidities, baseline and follow-up serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration, and available outcome measures [glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose, plasma glucose after 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)]. Data synthesis was conducted using random-effect models (PROSPERO registration no. CRD42017055326). Twenty-eight trials, representing 3848 participants, met the eligibility criteria. Compared with the control group, vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced HbA1c level by -0.48% (95% CI, -0.79 to -0.18), fasting plasma glucose level by -0.46 mmol/L (95% CI, -0.74 to -0.19), and HOMA-IR level by -0.39 (95% CI, -0.68 to -0.11). Subgroup analysis revealed that the effects of vitamin D supplementation on different glycemic measures were influenced by age, calcium coadministration, vitamin D deficiency, serum 25(OH)D level after supplementation, and duration of supplementation. Vitamin D supplementation and improved vitamin D status improved glycemic measures and insulin sensitivity and may be useful as part of a preventive strategy for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hassanali Vatanparast
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Key State Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, International College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Samantha M Kimball
- Pure North S’Energy Foundation, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- St. Mary’s University, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Silva Figueiredo P, Inada AC, Ribeiro Fernandes M, Granja Arakaki D, Freitas KDC, Avellaneda Guimarães RDC, Aragão do Nascimento V, Aiko Hiane P. An Overview of Novel Dietary Supplements and Food Ingredients in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040877. [PMID: 29641459 PMCID: PMC6017470 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by interconnected factors related to metabolic disturbances, and is directly related to the occurrence of some diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. MetS is described as one or both of insulin resistance and visceral adiposity, considered the initial causes of abnormalities that include hyperglycemia, elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, elevated inflammatory markers, and prothrombotic state, as well as polycystic ovarian syndrome in women. Other than in MetS, visceral adiposity and the pro-inflammatory state are also key in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is the most prevalent chronic liver disease in modern society. Both MetS and NAFLD are related to diet and lifestyle, and their treatment may be influenced by dietary pattern changes and the use of certain dietary supplements. This study aimed to review the role of food ingredients and supplements in the management of MetS and NAFLD specifically in human clinical trials. Moreover, bioactive compounds and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may be used as strategies for preventing the onset of and treatment of metabolic disorders, such as MetS and NAFLD, improving the inflammatory state and other comorbidities, such as obesity, dyslipidemias, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Silva Figueiredo
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, Brazil.
| | - Aline Carla Inada
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, Brazil.
| | - Melina Ribeiro Fernandes
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Granja Arakaki
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, Brazil.
| | - Karine de Cássia Freitas
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, Brazil.
| | - Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, Brazil.
- Optics and Photonics Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, 549, Campo Grande 79070900, Brazil.
| | - Valter Aragão do Nascimento
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, Brazil.
- Optics and Photonics Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, 549, Campo Grande 79070900, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Aiko Hiane
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, Brazil.
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Chin K, Appel LJ, Michos ED. Vitamin D, Calcium, and Cardiovascular Disease: A"D"vantageous or "D"etrimental? An Era of Uncertainty. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2018; 19:5. [PMID: 28127710 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-017-0637-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
While the function of vitamin D in regulating calcium homeostasis is well established, there has been growing interest in its role in the prevention of numerous chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is mounting epidemiological evidence suggesting that vitamin D deficiency is linked to increased CVD risk. However, the results of previous vitamin D supplementation trials have yielded mixed results in regards to cardiovascular health, and the results of ongoing large-scale randomized controlled trials are not yet available. Further complicating the issue, calcium supplementation, which is often prescribed concurrently with vitamin D, has been associated with increased CVD risk in some (but not all) studies. Thus, it is currently unclear whether vitamin D supplements, particularly for those that are deficient, can help prevent the development of CVD. In addition, there has not been uniform consensus regarding the threshold of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels that constitutes "sufficiency" across organizational guidelines. This review will provide an update on the most recent evidence regarding the effects of vitamin D and calcium supplements on CVD clinical outcomes, summarize ongoing vitamin D trials, and discuss the current but remarkably disparate recommendations regarding vitamin D deficiency screening and supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Chin
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Blalock 524-B, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lawrence J Appel
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erin D Michos
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Blalock 524-B, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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44
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Mazidi M, Rezaie P, Vatanparast H. Impact of vitamin D supplementation on C-reactive protein; a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Nutr 2018; 4:1. [PMID: 32153865 PMCID: PMC7050714 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-017-0207-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on C-reactive protein (CRP) through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials (RCTs). Methods PubMed-Medline, SCOPUS, Google Scholar and Web of Science databases were searched (up until April 2016) to identify RCTs evaluating the impact of vitamin D supplementation on CRP. We used random effects models (using DerSimonian-Laird method) as well as the generic inverse variance methods for quantitative data synthesis. For sensitivity analysis, we applied leave-one-out approach. To examine the heterogeneity we used I2 index. Registration code: CRD42016036932. Results Among 1274 search items, 24 studies met the inclusion criteria in the final evaluation. Pooling the data together indicated a non-significant decrease in CRP level following administration of vitamin D (weighted mean difference [WMD] -0.26(mg/l), (95% CI -0.75 to 0.22, N = 26 arms, heterogeneity p = 0.042; I2 54.2%). The WMDs for IL6 was 0.67 pg/ml, (95% CI 0.29 to 1.06, N = 16 arms, heterogeneity p = 0.234; I2 19.1%), 0.43 pg/ml, (95% CI 0.08 to 1.05, N = 26 arms, heterogeneity p = 0.120; I2 42.1%), for IL10, and −0.11 pg/ml, (95% CI -0.53 to 0.30, N = 12 arms, heterogeneity p = 0.423; I2 9.2%) for TNF-α, 4.03 pg/ml, (95% CI 3.50 to 4.57, N = 3 arms, heterogeneity p = 0.752; I2 8.1%) for adiponectin. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the findings. Conclusions This study provided evidence that vitamin D supplementation had no impact on serum CRP, IL10, and TNF-α, while significantly increased serum IL6. We recommend RCTs with longer period of follow-up time (12 months) for future studies to provide explicit results. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40795-017-0207-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mazidi
- 1Key State Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing China.,2Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, International College, University of Chinese Academy of Science (IC-UCAS), West Beichen Road, Chaoyang, China
| | - Peyman Rezaie
- 3Biochemistry and Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hassan Vatanparast
- 4College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Health Sciences E-Wing, Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4 Canada
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Vitamin D is essential for bone health, and may also have important functions in immunity and other systems. Vitamin D deficiency is common, and testing and supplementation is increasing. Serum vitamin D is lower in obese people; it is important to understand the mechanism of this effect and whether it indicates clinically significant deficiency. RECENT FINDINGS Vitamin D is fat soluble, and distributed into fat, muscle, liver, and serum. All of these compartments are increased in volume in obesity, so the lower vitamin D likely reflects a volumetric dilution effect and whole body stores of vitamin D may be adequate. Despite lower serum vitamin D, obese adults do not have higher bone turnover or lower bone mineral density. Patients undergoing bariatric surgery do have bone loss, and ensuring vitamin D sufficiency in these patients may help to attenuate bone loss. SUMMARY Lower vitamin D in obese people is a consistent finding across age, ethnicity, and geography. This may not always reflect a clinical problem. Obese people need higher loading doses of vitamin D to achieve the same serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D as normal weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Walsh
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Sharifi N, Amani R. Vitamin D supplementation and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A critical and systematic review of clinical trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 59:693-703. [PMID: 29035092 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1389693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous observational studies have found a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, this type of study could not show the causal relationship between these two conditions. Therefore, we systematically and critically reviewed the available clinical trials to elucidate such relationship. We searched databases such as Medline, Scopus and Cochrane to identify the clinical trials that assessed the effects of vitamin D supplementation in adults with NAFLD. The outcome variables of interest were indicators of hepatic steatosis, liver enzymes, insulin resistance, inflammation and oxidative stress. A total of 6 studies were included in the qualitative analysis. Only in two studies the grade of hepatic steatosis decreased significantly after vitamin D supplementation. The changes in insulin resistance parameters were reported significant only in one. Of the 3 included studies that measured biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, one revealed a significant decrease in these biomarkers after vitamin D supplementation. Findings from current review study provided new insight into the factors that could affect the therapeutic role of vitamin D in NAFLD. Factors such as gender differences, baseline serum status of vitamin D, co-supplementation with calcium and gene polymorphism should be considered when designing future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Sharifi
- a Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases , Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Kashan , Iran
| | - Reza Amani
- b Food Security Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition , School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
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Effect of vitamin D supplementation on inflammation and nuclear factor kappa-B activity in overweight/obese adults: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15154. [PMID: 29123173 PMCID: PMC5680306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In-vitro studies suggest that vitamin D reduces inflammation by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB) activity. Yet, no trials have examined the effects of vitamin D supplementation on NFκB activity in-vivo in humans. We conducted a double-blind randomized trial (RCT) examining effects of vitamin D supplementation on inflammatory markers and NFκB activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Sixty-five overweight/obese, vitamin D-deficient (25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] ≤ 50 nmol/L) adults were randomized to a single 100,000 IU bolus followed by 4,000 IU daily cholecalciferol or matching placebo for 16 weeks. We measured BMI, % body fat, serum 25(OH)D, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), tumour necrosis factor (TNF), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), several interleukins, and NFκB activity in PBMCs. Fifty-four participants completed the study. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations increased with vitamin D supplementation compared to placebo (p < 0.001). Vitamin D and placebo groups did not differ in any inflammatory markers or NFκB activity (all p > 0.05). Results remained non-significant after adjustment for age, sex, and % body fat, and after further adjustment for sun exposure, physical activity, and dietary vitamin D intake. Although in-vitro studies report anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D, our RCT data show no effect of vitamin D supplementation on inflammatory markers or NFκB activity in-vivo in humans.
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Berridge MJ. Vitamin D deficiency accelerates ageing and age-related diseases: a novel hypothesis. J Physiol 2017; 595:6825-6836. [PMID: 28949008 DOI: 10.1113/jp274887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing can occur at different rates, but what controls this variable rate is unknown. Here I have developed a hypothesis that vitamin D may act to control the rate of ageing. The basis of this hypothesis emerged from studyng the various cellular processes that control ageing. These processes such as autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, epigenetic changes, DNA disorders and alterations in Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling are all known to be regulated by vitamin D. The activity of these processes will be enhanced in individuals that are deficient in vitamin D. Not only will this increase the rate of ageing, but it will also increase the probability of developing age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis and cardiovascular disease. In individual with normal vitamin D levels, these ageing-related processes will occur at lower rates resulting in a reduced rate of ageing and enhanced protection against these age-related diseases.
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Mousa A, Naderpoor N, de Courten MPJ, Scragg R, de Courten B. 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors in a predominantly vitamin D-deficient and overweight/obese but otherwise healthy cohort. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 173:258-264. [PMID: 28007531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has reached epidemic proportions worldwide and has recently been linked to cardiometabolic risk factors including obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, as well as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to examine the associations between circulating 25-hydrovitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and cardiometabolic risk factors using direct measures of adiposity, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance, as well as lipids, blood pressure, and plasma markers of inflammation. We measured circulating 25(OH)D, physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire- IPAQ), anthropometry (body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), % body fat (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry)), metabolic parameters (fasting and 2-h plasma glucose levels during oral glucose tolerance test; insulin sensitivity (M, hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp), and cardiovascular and inflammatory profiles (blood pressure (BP), pulse pressure (PP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), plasma lipid levels, white blood cell count (WBC), and plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (hsCRP)) in 111 healthy, non-diabetic adults (66 males/45 females; age 31.1±9.2years; % body fat 36.0±10.2%). Mean 25(OH)D was 39.8±19.8 nmol/L with no difference between genders (p=0.4). On univariate analysis, 25(OH)D was associated with% body fat (r=-0.27; p=0.005), 2-h glucose (r=-0.21; p=0.03), PP (r=0.26; p=0.006), and insulin sensitivity (r=0.20, p=0.04), but not with age, BMI, WHR, fasting glucose, BP, MAP, lipids, or inflammatory markers (all p>0.05). After adjusting for age and sex, 25(OH)D remained associated with% body fat (β=-0.12%; p=0.003), 2-h glucose (β=-0.13mmol/L; p=0.02), PP (β=0.12mmHg; p=0.009), and insulin sensitivity (β=0.22mg/kg/min; p=0.03), and became associated with fasting glucose (β=-0.04mmol/L; p=0.04) and hsCRP (β=-0.51mg/L; p=0.04). After adjusting for age, sex, and % body fat, 25(OH)D was no longer associated with insulin sensitivity, 2-h glucose, or hsCRP, but remained associated with fasting glucose (β=-0.05mmol/L; p=0.03) and PP (β=0.10mmHg; p=0.03). 25(OH)D remained associated with fasting glucose (β=-0.06mmol/L; p=0.02) after hsCRP and physical activity were added to the model with % body fat, age, and sex. These cross-sectional data suggest that associations between vitamin D and cardiometabolic risk among healthy, non-diabetic adults are largely mediated by adiposity. Large-scale intervention and mechanistic studies are needed to further investigate whether vitamin D has an independent role in the prevention and/or management of cardiometabolic risk and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Mousa
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, MHRP, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Negar Naderpoor
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, MHRP, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Locked Bag 29, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | | | - Robert Scragg
- School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, MHRP, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Locked Bag 29, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
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Salekzamani S, Bavil AS, Mehralizadeh H, Jafarabadi MA, Ghezel A, Gargari BP. The effects of vitamin D supplementation on proatherogenic inflammatory markers and carotid intima media thickness in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Endocrine 2017; 57:51-59. [PMID: 28509078 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolic syndrome may predispose to cardiovascular diseases. Since, in recent studies, vitamin D is advocated for cardioprotective roles, this study was designed to investigate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on proatherogenic inflammatory markers and common carotid intima media thickness in subjects with metabolic syndrome. METHODS This randomized double blind clinical trial was conducted in Tabriz, Iran. Eligible subjects (n = 80) with metabolic syndrome were recruited thorough advertisement and randomized to receive either vitamin D (50,000 IU/week) or matching placebo for 16 weeks. Interlukin-6, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin, and common carotid intima media thickness were measured at the beginning and end of the study. The study was registered at http://www.irct.ir (code: IRCT201409033140N14). RESULTS Sixteen weeks supplementation with vitamin D increased median of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] and mean calcium levels (p < 0.001) in the intervention group. There was also a significant difference in parathyroid hormone level at the end of the study (p < 0.001). Vitamin D treatment reduced IL-6 level after 16 weeks (p = 0.027). Compared to baseline, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin levels decreased significantly in vitamin D treated subjects; however, there were no significant differences between two groups. No effect of vitamin D supplementation was observed in either common carotid intima media thickness or high sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations at the end of the study (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D supplementation improved some proatherogenic inflammatory markers in subjects with metabolic syndrome. No changes of high sensitivity C-reactive protein and carotid intima media thickness were shown after 16 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Salekzamani
- Talented Students Center, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolhassan Shakeri Bavil
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Mehralizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
- Road Traffic lnjury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aymaral Ghezel
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahram Pourghassem Gargari
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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