1
|
Guo Y, Cai W, Xie W, Xu Y, Li X, Yu C, Wu Q. Sodium houttuyfonate modulates the lung Th1/Th2 balance and gut microbiota to protect against pathological changes in lung of ovalbumin-induced asthmatic mice. J Asthma 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39021077 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2024.2380525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The gut-lung axis involves microbial and product interactions between the lung and intestine. Antibiotics for chronic asthma can cause intestinal dysbiosis, disrupting this axis. Sodium houttuyfonate (SH) has diverse biological activities, including modifying gut microbiota, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory. This study aims to explore the relationship between SH, CD4+ T cells, and gut microbiota. METHODS Allergic asthma was experimentally induced in mice through injection and inhalation of ovalbumin. After the administration of different amounts of SH, ELISA was utilized to ascertain the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the serum, flow cytometry was used to examine the levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines in CD4+ cells from lung tissues. The expression of T-bet and GATA3 in lung tissue was determined by Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR assay. Gut microbiota was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS The results showed that SH can alleviate pulmonary injury in asthmatic mice, reducing serum levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 while simultaneously increasing IFN-γ. Furthermore, SH has been observed to modulate the balance of Th1/Th2 cells by up-regulating the mRNA and protein expression of T-bet but down-regulating GATA3 in the lung tissues of asthmatic mice, thereby promoting the differentiation of Th1 cells. Additionally, SH can regulate the variety and composition of gut microbiota especially genus Akkermansia in asthmatic mice. CONCLUSION SH can alleviate asthma through the regulation of Th1/Th2 cells and gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wei Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunlu Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuejian Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenhuan Yu
- Experimental animal platform, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaofeng Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gwak HJ, Lee HA, Jeong JY, Lee Y, Rho M, Cho SH. Antibiotic Sensitivity and Nasal Microbiome in Patients with Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:1081-1088. [PMID: 37578199 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) is a common upper respiratory tract infection that is mostly of viral origin. However, little is known about the nasal microbiome profile at presentation and the changes caused by antibiotics in acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS). METHODS This was a prospective single-center study. Overall, 43 ARS patients were screened and were assessed with the symptom questionnaires, nasal endoscopy, and Water's view. Five healthy subjects were recruited as controls. Middle meatal mucus samples were obtained using a cotton swab (for bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing) and the suction technique (for 16S rRNA sequencing). After 1 week of antibiotic use (amoxicillin with clavulanic acid), we enrolled 13 patients with ABRS with positive isolates and middle meatal samples for 16S rRNA sequencing were obtained again. RESULTS Overall, we demonstrated a significantly lower abundance of the Lactobacillaceae family in ABRS patients than in healthy controls. Resistant ABRS had different characteristics of middle meatal microbiomes when compared to sensitive ABRS as follows: (1) lower proportion of lactic acid bacteria, (2) increased pathogens such as Rhodococcus sp., Massila sp., Acinetobacter sp., and H. influenza, and (3) increased beta diversity. However, no remarkable changes were observed in the middle meatal microbiome after antibiotic use. CONCLUSION We showed the roles of Lactobacillaceae in ABRS, and Acinetobacter and Massilia in case of amoxicillin resistance. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 134:1081-1088, 2024.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Jin Gwak
- Department of Computer Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon A Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Yeong Jeong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yangsoon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mina Rho
- Department of Computer Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Peng Z, Apfelbacher C, Brandstetter S, Eils R, Kabesch M, Lehmann I, Trump S, Wellmann S, Genuneit J. Directed acyclic graph for epidemiological studies in childhood food allergy: Construction, user's guide, and application. Allergy 2024. [PMID: 38234010 DOI: 10.1111/all.16025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Understanding modifiable prenatal and early life causal determinants of food allergy is important for the prevention of the disease. Randomized clinical trials studying environmental and dietary determinants of food allergy may not always be feasible. Identifying risk/protective factors for early-life food allergy often relies on observational studies, which may be affected by confounding bias. The directed acyclic graph (DAG) is a causal diagram useful to guide causal inference from observational epidemiological research. To date, research on food allergy has made little use of this promising method. We performed a literature review of existing evidence with a systematic search, synthesized 32 known risk/protective factors, and constructed a comprehensive DAG for early-life food allergy development. We present an easy-to-use online tool for researchers to re-construct, amend, and modify the DAG along with a user's guide to minimize confounding bias. We estimated that adjustment strategies in 57% of previous observational studies on modifiable factors of childhood food allergy could be improved if the researchers determined their adjustment sets by DAG. Future researchers who are interested in the causal inference of food allergy development in early life can apply the DAG to identify covariates that should and should not be controlled in observational studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoxin Peng
- Pediatric Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Apfelbacher
- Institute of Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Brandstetter
- Member of the Research and Development Campus Regensburg (WECARE) at the Clinic St. Hedwig, Regensburg, Germany
- University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO-Clinics), University of Regensburg, Clinic St. Hedwig, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
- German Center of Child and Youth Health (DZKJ), Germany
| | - Michael Kabesch
- Member of the Research and Development Campus Regensburg (WECARE) at the Clinic St. Hedwig, Regensburg, Germany
- University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO-Clinics), University of Regensburg, Clinic St. Hedwig, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Irina Lehmann
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
- German Center of Child and Youth Health (DZKJ), Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Saskia Trump
- Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Wellmann
- Department of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO), Hospital St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jon Genuneit
- Pediatric Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- German Center of Child and Youth Health (DZKJ), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mahdavinia M, Fyolek JP, Jiang J, Thivalapill N, Bilaver LA, Warren C, Fox S, Nimmagadda SR, Newmark PJ, Sharma H, Assa'ad A, Seed PC, Gupta RS. Gut microbiome is associated with asthma and race in children with food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:1541-1549.e1. [PMID: 37714436 PMCID: PMC10872992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The composition of the gut microbiome has been associated with development of atopic conditions such as food allergy (FA) and asthma. African American or Black children with FA have higher rate of asthma compared to their White counterparts. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate whether the diversity and relative abundance (RA) of gut microbiota is different between children with FA from different racial backgrounds living in the same cities. Furthermore, we aimed to understand whether the difference in the gut microbiota is associated with asthma in children with FA. METHODS We analyzed and compared the stool microbiome of a cohort of Black and White children with FA by shotgun genomic sequencing. RESULTS A total of 152 children with IgE-mediated FA enrolled onto FORWARD (Food Allergy Outcomes Related to White and African American Racial Differences); 30 Black and 122 White children were included. The RA of several bacteria was associated with race and asthma. Most notably the RA of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Chlamydia thrachomatis, Parabacteroides goldsteinii, and Bacteroides eggerthii were significantly higher, while the RA of Bifidobacterium sp CAG:754, Parabacterium johnsonii, Bacteroides intestinalis, and Bifidobacterium breve were significantly lower in stool samples of Black children compared to White children. Asthma was associated with lower RA of B breve, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Prevotella copri, Veilloella sp CAG:933, and Bacteroides plebius, and higher RA of 3 Bacteroides species. CONCLUSIONS The observed variations in the gut microbiota of Black and White children such as differences in the Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium species along with their association to history of asthma in our cohort is indicative of their potential role in the higher rate of asthma observed among Black children with FA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Mahdavinia
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill.
| | - John P Fyolek
- Center for Food Allergy and Asthma Research and Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Jialing Jiang
- Center for Food Allergy and Asthma Research and Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Neil Thivalapill
- Center for Food Allergy and Asthma Research and Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Lucy A Bilaver
- Center for Food Allergy and Asthma Research and Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Christopher Warren
- Center for Food Allergy and Asthma Research and Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Susan Fox
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill
| | - Sai R Nimmagadda
- Center for Food Allergy and Asthma Research and Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Pamela J Newmark
- Center for Food Allergy and Asthma Research and Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Hemant Sharma
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's National Health Systems, Washington, DC
| | - Amal Assa'ad
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Patrick C Seed
- Division of Infectious Disease, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Ruchi S Gupta
- Center for Food Allergy and Asthma Research and Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lisik D, Ermis SSÖ, Ioannidou A, Milani GP, Nyassi S, Spolidoro GCI, Kankaanranta H, Goksör E, Wennergren G, Nwaru BI. Is sibship composition a risk factor for childhood asthma? Systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Pediatr 2023; 19:1127-1138. [PMID: 36997765 PMCID: PMC10590346 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-023-00706-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following the "hygiene hypothesis", the role of sibship composition in asthma and wheezing has been extensively studied, but the findings are inconsistent. For the first time, this systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized evidences from studies investigating the association of sibship size and birth order with risk of asthma and wheezing. METHODS Fifteen databases were searched to identify eligible studies. Study selection and data extraction were performed independently by pairs of reviewers. Meta-analysis with robust variance estimation (RVE) was used to produce pooled risk ratio (RR) effect estimates from comparable numerical data. RESULTS From 17,466 identified records, 158 reports of 134 studies (> 3 million subjects) were included. Any wheezing in the last ≤ 1.5 years occurred more frequently in infants with ≥ 1 sibling [pooled RR 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.19] and ≥ 1 older sibling (pooled RR 1.16, 95% CI 1.04-1.29). The pooled effect sizes for asthma were overall statistically nonsignificant, although having ≥ 1 older sibling was marginally protective for subjects aged ≥ 6 years (pooled RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88-0.99). The effect estimates weakened in studies published after 2000 compared with earlier studies. CONCLUSIONS Being second-born or later and having at least one sibling is associated with a slightly increased risk of temporary wheezing in infancy. In contrast, being second-born or later is associated with marginal protection against asthma. These associations appear to have weakened since the turn of the millennium, possibly due to lifestyle changes and socioeconomic development. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Lisik
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 1F, 413 90, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Saliha Selin Özuygur Ermis
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 1F, 413 90, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Athina Ioannidou
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 1F, 413 90, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Gregorio Paolo Milani
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Sungkutu Nyassi
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 1F, 413 90, Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Hannu Kankaanranta
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 1F, 413 90, Göteborg, Sweden
- Tampere University Respiratory Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Emma Goksör
- Department of Pediatrics, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Wennergren
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 1F, 413 90, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bright Ibeabughichi Nwaru
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 1F, 413 90, Göteborg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sandoval-Ruballos M, Riggioni C, Genuneit J. Editorial Comment on "Atopic outcomes at 2 years in the CORAL cohort, born in COVID-19 lockdown". Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2023; 34:e14046. [PMID: 38010003 DOI: 10.1111/pai.14046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Riggioni
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jon Genuneit
- Pediatric Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Medeleanu MV, Qian YC, Moraes TJ, Subbarao P. Early-immune development in asthma: A review of the literature. Cell Immunol 2023; 393-394:104770. [PMID: 37837916 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive examination of the various factors contributing to the immunopathogenesis of asthma from the prenatal to preschool period. We focus on the contributions of genetic and environmental components as well as the role of the nasal and gut microbiome on immune development. Predisposing genetic factors, including inherited genes associated with increased susceptibility to asthma, are discussed alongside environmental factors such as respiratory viruses and pollutant exposure, which can trigger or exacerbate asthma symptoms. Furthermore, the intricate interplay between the nasal and gut microbiome and the immune system is explored, emphasizing their influence on allergic immune development and response to environmental stimuli. This body of literature underscores the necessity of a comprehensive approach to comprehend and manage asthma, as it emphasizes the interactions of multiple factors in immune development and disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Medeleanu
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Canada
| | - Yu Chen Qian
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Canada; Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Canada
| | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Canada; Epidemiology Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Simões J, Sales Luís JP, Madeira de Carvalho L, Tilley P. Severely Asthmatic Horses Residing in a Mediterranean Climate Shed a Significantly Lower Number of Parasite Eggs Compared to Healthy Farm Mates. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2928. [PMID: 37760328 PMCID: PMC10525552 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between helminth infection and allergic diseases has long intrigued the scientific community. This interaction was previously studied in a horse family with high incidence of severe equine asthma and in non-related severely asthmatic horses from equine hospital referrals in Switzerland. Our aim was to determine if this interaction would also be observed in a group of non-related client-owned severely asthmatic horses living in a Mediterranean climate and recruited through a first-opinion veterinarian group. Fecal samples from severe equine asthma-affected and healthy horses living in the same farms and subjected to identical environmental and deworming management were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. Strongyle-type eggs and Cyathostomum sensu latum larvae were the most abundant parasites in the studied population of horses; no significant differences between the groups were observed regarding the types of egg and infective larvae. However, we observed significant differences in the number of eggs and infective larvae per gram of feces shed, as this number was significantly lower in the SEA group than in the healthy horses. This may indicate that severely asthmatic horses have an intrinsic resistance to gastrointestinal helminths. Further studies in a larger population of horses are required to ascertain the immunological mechanisms responsible for these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Simões
- Equine Health and Welfare Academic Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.P.S.L.); (L.M.d.C.); (P.T.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4Animals), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Paulo Sales Luís
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.P.S.L.); (L.M.d.C.); (P.T.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4Animals), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Madeira de Carvalho
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.P.S.L.); (L.M.d.C.); (P.T.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4Animals), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula Tilley
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.P.S.L.); (L.M.d.C.); (P.T.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4Animals), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Luo Z, Chen A, Xie A, Liu X, Jiang S, Yu R. Limosilactobacillus reuteri in immunomodulation: molecular mechanisms and potential applications. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1228754. [PMID: 37638038 PMCID: PMC10450031 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1228754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequent use of hormones and drugs may be associated with side-effects. Recent studies have shown that probiotics have effects on the prevention and treatment of immune-related diseases. Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) had regulatory effects on intestinal microbiota, host epithelial cells, immune cells, cytokines, antibodies (Ab), toll-like receptors (TLRs), tryptophan (Try) metabolism, antioxidant enzymes, and expression of related genes, and exhibits antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, leading to alleviation of disease symptoms. Although the specific composition of the cell-free supernatant (CFS) of L. reuteri has not been clarified, its efficacy in animal models has drawn increased attention to its potential use. This review summarizes the effects of L. reuteri on intestinal flora and immune regulation, and discusses the feasibility of its application in atopic dermatitis (AD), asthma, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and multiple sclerosis (MS), and provides insights for the prevention and treatment of immune-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Luo
- Department of Neonatology, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Ailing Chen
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Anni Xie
- Department of Neonatology, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Shanyu Jiang
- Department of Neonatology, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Renqiang Yu
- Department of Neonatology, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hoel ST, Wiik J, Carlsen KC, Endre KM, Gudmundsdóttir HK, Haugen G, Hoyer A, Jonassen CM, LeBlanc M, Nordlund B, Rudi K, Skjerven HO, Staff AC, Hedlin G, Söderhäll C, Vettukattil R, Aaneland H, Rehbinder EM. Birth mode is associated with development of atopic dermatitis in infancy and early childhood. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2023; 2:100104. [PMID: 37779526 PMCID: PMC10509990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Birth by caesarean section (CS) is associated with development of allergic diseases, but its role in the development of atopic dermatitis (AD) is less convincing. Objective Our primary aim was to determine if birth mode was associated with AD in 3-year-olds and secondarily to determine if birth mode was associated with early onset and/or persistent AD in the first 3 years of life. Methods We included 2129 mother-child pairs from the Scandinavian population-based prospective PreventADALL cohort with information on birth mode including vaginal birth, either traditional (81.3%) or in water (4.0%), and CS before (6.3%) and after (8.5%) onset of labor. We defined early onset AD as eczema at 3 months and AD diagnosis by 3 years of age. Persistent AD was defined as eczema both in the first year and at 3 years of age, together with an AD diagnosis by 3 years of age. Results AD was diagnosed at 3, 6, 12, 24, and/or 36 months in 531 children (25%). Compared to vaginal delivery, CS was overall associated with increased odds of AD by 3 years of age, with adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.33 (1.02-1.74), and higher odds of early onset AD (1.63, 1.06-2.48). The highest odds for early onset AD were observed in infants born by CS after onset of labor (1.83, 1.09-3.07). Birth mode was not associated with persistent AD. Conclusion CS was associated with increased odds of AD by 3 years of age, particularly in infants presenting with eczema at 3 months of age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sveinung T. Hoel
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johanna Wiik
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Østfold Hospital Trust, Kalnes, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin C.L. Carlsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kim M.A. Endre
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Dermatology and Vaenerology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hrefna Katrín Gudmundsdóttir
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guttorm Haugen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Angela Hoyer
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christine Monceyron Jonassen
- Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Marissa LeBlanc
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Björn Nordlund
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Knut Rudi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Håvard O. Skjerven
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunilla Hedlin
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cilla Söderhäll
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Riyas Vettukattil
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Aaneland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva M. Rehbinder
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Dermatology and Vaenerology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gildner TE, Cepon-Robins TJ. Rural Embodiment and Community Health: an Anthropological Case Study on Biocultural Determinants of Tropical Disease Infection and Immune System Development in the USA. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2023; 10:26-39. [PMID: 36714157 PMCID: PMC9868515 DOI: 10.1007/s40475-023-00282-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Biocultural methods are critically important for identifying environmental and socioeconomic factors linked with tropical disease risk and outcomes. For example, embodiment theory refers to the process by which lived experiences impact individual biology. Increased exposure to pathogens, chronic psychosocial stress, and unequal resource access are all outcomes linked with discrimination and poverty. Through lived experiences, race and socioeconomic inequality can literally become embodied-get under the skin and affect physiology-impacting immune responses and contributing to lifelong health disparities. Yet, few studies have investigated tropical disease patterns and associated immune function using embodiment theory to understand lasting physiological impacts associated with living in a high-pathogen environment. Recent Findings Here, we use preliminary data drawn from the Rural Embodiment and Community Health (REACH) study to assess whether pathogen exposure and immune stimulation within a sample of children from the Mississippi Delta are associated with household income. We also test whether immune marker levels-assessed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using dried blood spot samples-vary between the REACH sample and a similarly aged nationally representative NHANES sample. Immune marker levels did not differ significantly between REACH participants living below vs. above the federal poverty line, yet immunoglobulin E levels-a marker of macroparasite infection-were higher among REACH study participants compared to the NHANES sample. Summary These results may suggest community-level pathogenic exposures (i.e., parasitic infections) are embodied by REACH participants with implications for long-term immune function, potentially resulting in immune aspects that differ from nationally representative samples. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40475-023-00282-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa E Gildner
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Tara J Cepon-Robins
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lupu VV, Miron IC, Raileanu AA, Starcea IM, Lupu A, Tarca E, Mocanu A, Buga AML, Lupu V, Fotea S. Difficulties in Adaptation of the Mother and Newborn via Cesarean Section versus Natural Birth-A Narrative Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:300. [PMID: 36836657 PMCID: PMC9965845 DOI: 10.3390/life13020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Birth is a physiological act that is part of the morpho-functional economy of the maternal body. Each stage in the act of birth has a predetermined pathway that is neurohormonally induced and morpho-functionally established through specific and characteristic adaptations. Like maternity, childbirth also has an important impact on the maternal body as a biological structure and psycho-emotional behavior. Cesarean section performed at the request of the mother with no medical underlying conditions besides the prolonged hospitalization risk can also cause breathing problems in children, delayed breastfeeding, and possible complications in a future pregnancy. Vaginal birth remains the path of choice for a physiological evolution pregnancy. Although erroneously considered safe and easy today, cesarean section delivery must remain an emergency procedure or a procedure recommended for pregnancies where birth is a risk to the mother and to the child, as cesarean section itself is a risk factor for negative outcomes for both mother and baby. This review summarizes the impact that both cesarean section and natural birth have on mother and newborn in their attempt to adapt to postpartum events and extrauterine life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasile Valeriu Lupu
- Pediatrics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Anca Adam Raileanu
- Pediatrics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Ancuta Lupu
- Pediatrics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Tarca
- Department of Surgery II—Pediatric Surgery, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Adriana Mocanu
- Pediatrics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ana Maria Laura Buga
- Pediatrics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Valeriu Lupu
- Pediatrics, Vaslui Emergency County Hospital, 730006 Vaslui, Romania
| | - Silvia Fotea
- Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Trends (2007-2019) of major atopic diseases throughout the life span in a large Mexican population. World Allergy Organ J 2023; 16:100732. [PMID: 36694619 PMCID: PMC9841056 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2022.100732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Major atopic diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis (AR), and asthma share the same atopic background, but they often show differences in their epidemiological behavior. Objective We aimed to report the profile of these atopic diseases in a large Mexican population, including their age-related incidences, male:female (M:F) ratios, recent time trends, and association with altitude. Methods Registries from the largest, nationwide health institution in Mexico (more than 34 million insured subjects), were reviewed. New cases of AD, AR, and asthma diagnosed each year by family physicians from 2007 to 2019 were adjusted by the corresponding insured population to estimate incidence rates. Results Incidences of the 3 atopic diseases were highest in the 0-4 years age-group and progressively decreased thereafter until adolescence. Asthma and AR, but not AD, were more frequent in males during childhood (M:F ratios of 1.5, 1.3, and 0.95, respectively), but predominated in females during adulthood (M:F ratios of 0.52, 0.68, and 0.73, respectively). Time trends showed an initial increasing trend of annual incidences, with a peak around 2009-2011, and a downward trend afterward. This decreasing trend was seen in all age-groups and was more evident for AD (∼50% drop) and asthma (∼40% drop) than for AR (∼20% drop). Geographical distribution suggested that incidences of asthma and AR, but not of AD, had an inverse association with altitude. Conclusion Annual incidences of the 3 major atopic diseases have declined in recent years in almost all age groups, and their epidemiological profile during the life span showed contrasting differences according to age, sex, and ecological association with altitude, mainly regarding AD.
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Background: In recent years, an increase of allergies and asthma has been observed throughout the world, more so in Western countries than in less developed ones. Although genetics may play a role in this increase, there are many other factors that may have contributed to the upsurge. Objective: The purpose of the present report was to review the many factors associated with modernization and lifestyle that may have contributed to the allergy and/or asthma epidemic, with a particular focus on those aspects that have particular relevance for the allergist/immunologist. Results: The marked rise in allergy and asthma has been significantly seen in more-developed countries, greater in urban than in rural areas, more pronounced in affluent than in poorer societies, and in individuals who have migrated from developing countries to industrialized countries. A widely accepted explanation for this rise is the "hygiene hypothesis," which postulates a critical dependence on microbial infection for maintenance of a healthy balanced immune system and that extremely clean external environments, often found in the developed world, can derail equilibrated immune development. With the control of infectious diseases, the immune system shifts from a balanced equilibrated immunologic structure to a more Th2 driven proinflammatory state often associated with IgE and eosinophil-related disorders. Conclusion: Modernization has been associated with increased development of allergies and asthma through a cleaner environment and more exposure to allergens and to multiple other contributory factors. The marked reduction in infectious diseases in recent decades permitted the immune system to switch from fighting infectious disease agents and parasites to reacting adversely (hypersensitivity) to benign environmental agents (allergens) and even to self-antigens (autoimmunity).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sami L Bahna
- From the Allergy and Immunology Section, Department of Pediatrics, and
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sadrifar S, Abbasi-Dokht T, Forouzandeh S, Malek F, Baharlou R. The impact of multistrains of probiotics on Th17-related cytokines in patients with asthma: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Asthma 2022; 60:1306-1315. [PMID: 36332136 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2022.2144353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Asthma is known as one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases characterized by recurrent obstruction and inflammation of the airways. Probiotics are defined as a group of beneficial living microorganisms that are beneficial in many disorders, including allergies. The aim of this study was to investigate the probiotic supplement effects on improvement of clinical asthma symptom and changes in the pattern of Th17-related inflammatory cytokines in asthmatic patients. METHODS This was a randomized controlled clinical trial with parallel, double-blind groups. Forty patients with asthma were enrolled and received 1 capsule/day of a probiotic supplement for 8 weeks. Respiratory function tests; and the level of IL-6, IL-17, IL-21 and TGF-β were evaluated at the baseline and end of intervention. RESULTS The results showed that the level of IL-6 and IL-17 in patients after receiving probiotics was reduced and expression of TGF-β was increased as compared to the baseline. Also, the expression of IL-17 and IL-21 in the probiotic group was significantly lower than the placebo group at the end of the intervention. In addition, an improvement in pulmonary function tests and clinical symptoms was observed after receiving probiotics. CONCLUSIONS Eight-weeks treatment with a probiotic supplementation suggests that it may effect on Th17 cells-associated IL-6, IL-17 and TGF-β; and Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s and Forced Vital Capacity. Taken together, these results suggest that probiotics may have the ability to affect neutrophilic asthma and they can possibly be used besides common treatments for patients with neutrophilic asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Sadrifar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Tannaz Abbasi-Dokht
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sarvenaz Forouzandeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosar Hospital, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Farhad Malek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosar Hospital, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Baharlou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Johnston JD, Cowger AE, Weber KS. Bioaerosol and microbial exposures from residential evaporative coolers and their potential health outcomes: A review. INDOOR AIR 2022; 32:e13082. [PMID: 36168234 PMCID: PMC9826010 DOI: 10.1111/ina.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Evaporative cooling is an energy efficient form of air conditioning in dry climates that functions by pulling hot, dry outdoor air across a wet evaporative pad. While evaporative coolers can help save energy, they also have the potential to influence human health. Studies have shown residential evaporative coolers may pull outdoor air pollutants into the home or contribute to elevated levels of indoor bioaerosols that may be harmful to health. There is also evidence that evaporative coolers can enable a diverse microbial environment that may confer early-life immunological protection against the development of allergies and asthma or exacerbate these same hypersensitivities. This review summarizes the current knowledge of bioaerosol and microbiological studies associated with evaporative coolers, focusing on harmful and potentially helpful outcomes from their use. We evaluate the effects of evaporative coolers on indoor bacterial endotoxins, fungal β-(1 → 3)-D-glucans, dust mite antigens, residential microbial communities, and Legionella pneumophila. To our knowledge, this is the first review to summarize and evaluate studies on the influence that evaporative coolers have on the bioaerosol and microbiological profile of homes. This brings to light a gap in the literature on evaporative coolers, which is the lack of data on health effects associated with their use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - K. Scott Weber
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular BiologyBrigham Young UniversityProvoUtahUSA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Uwaezuoke SN, Ayuk AC, Eze JN, Odimegwu CL, Ndiokwelu CO, Eze IC. Postnatal probiotic supplementation can prevent and optimize treatment of childhood asthma and atopic disorders: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:956141. [PMID: 36061384 PMCID: PMC9437454 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.956141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published over the past 5 years show that prenatal or postnatal probiotics may prevent or optimize the treatment of childhood asthma and atopic disorders, findings from the systematic reviews and meta-analyses of these studies appear inconsistent. More recent RCTs have focused on postnatal probiotics, and linked specific probiotic strains to better disease outcomes. Objective This systematic review aimed to determine if postnatal probiotics are as effective as prenatal probiotics in preventing or treating childhood asthma and atopic disorders. Methods We searched the PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and EMBASE databases for RCTs published within the past 5 years (from 2017 to 2022). We included only full-text RCTs on human subjects published in or translated into the English language. We retrieved relevant data items with a preconceived data-extraction form and assessed the methodological quality of the selected RCTs using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing the risk of bias in randomized trials. We qualitatively synthesized the retrieved data to determine any significant differences in study endpoints of the probiotic and placebo groups. Results A total of 1,320 participants (688 and 632 in the probiotic and placebo groups) from six RCTs were investigated. One RCT showed that early Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) led to a reduction in the cumulative incidence rate of asthma. Another study demonstrated that mixed strains of Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus fermentum could support clinical improvement in children with asthma while one trial reported a significant reduction in the frequency of asthma exacerbations using a mixture of Ligilactobacillus salivarius and Bifidobacterium breve. Three trials showed that a combination of LGG and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus alone, and a probiotic mixture of Lactobacillus ŁOCK strains improved clinical outcomes in children with atopic dermatitis and cow-milk protein allergy. Conclusions Postnatal strain-specific probiotics (in single or mixed forms) are beneficial in preventing and treating atopic dermatitis and other allergies. Similarly, specific strains are more effective in preventing asthma or improving asthma outcomes. We recommend more interventional studies to establish the most useful probiotic strain in these allergic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel N. Uwaezuoke
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Adaeze C. Ayuk
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Joy N. Eze
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Chioma L. Odimegwu
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Chibuzo O. Ndiokwelu
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Ikenna C. Eze
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Impacts of Gut Microbiota on the Immune System and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as a Re-Emerging Therapy for Autoimmune Diseases. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081093. [PMID: 36009962 PMCID: PMC9404867 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The enormous and diverse population of microorganisms residing in the digestive tracts of humans and animals influence the development, regulation, and function of the immune system. Recently, the understanding of the association between autoimmune diseases and gut microbiota has been improved due to the innovation of high-throughput sequencing technologies with high resolutions. Several studies have reported perturbation of gut microbiota as one of the factors playing a role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, recurrent diarrhea due to Clostridioides difficile infections. Restoration of healthy gut microbiota by transferring fecal material from a healthy donor to a sick recipient, called fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), has resolved or improved symptoms of autoimmune diseases. This (re)emerging therapy was approved for the treatment of drug-resistant recurrent C. difficile infections in 2013 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Numerous human and animal studies have demonstrated FMT has the potential as the next generation therapy to control autoimmune and other health problems. Alas, this new therapeutic method has limitations, including the risk of transferring antibiotic-resistant pathogens or transmission of genes from donors to recipients and/or exacerbating the conditions in some patients. Therefore, continued research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which gut microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and to improve the efficacy and optimize the preparation of FMT for different disease conditions, and to tailor FMT to meet the needs in both humans and animals. The prospect of FMT therapy includes shifting from the current practice of using the whole fecal materials to the more aesthetic transfer of selective microbial consortia assembled in vitro or using their metabolic products.
Collapse
|
19
|
Weber HC, Bassett GL, Hollingsworth LK, Gan VWS, Rose S, Lim J, Prior SJ. Emergency department childhood anaphylaxis presentations in regional/remote Australia. J Paediatr Child Health 2022; 58:1407-1413. [PMID: 35506702 PMCID: PMC9542789 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Explore the prevalence of childhood anaphylaxis and clinical presentation of anaphylaxis in children across two regional emergency departments over a 7-year period. METHODS Retrospective audit of all children (0-18 years) presenting to emergency from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2016 with anaphylaxis, defined by Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy definitions and doctor diagnosis. RESULTS Seven hundred and twenty-four patients were identified with allergic diagnosis, 60% were diagnosed with non-anaphylaxis allergic reactions or unspecified urticaria and 40% with anaphylaxis (n = 286). Annual prevalence of anaphylaxis remained stable over the study period (M = 30.9/10 000 cases, range: 20.8-48.3/10 000). Gender distribution was equal, median age was 9.48 years (interquartile range = 4-15). Most (71%) arrived by private transport. 23% had a prior history of anaphylaxis. Food triggers (44%) were the most common cause of anaphylaxis. Insect bites/stings triggers occurred in 21%. Patients were promptly assessed (average wait time = 13 min), 16% received prior adrenaline injections. Adrenaline was administered in 26% and 20% were admitted to hospital. On discharge, 29% had a follow-up plan, 9% received an allergy clinic referral, 6% anaphylaxis action plan, 26% adrenaline autoinjector prescriptions and allergy testing performed in 6%. CONCLUSIONS We found a relatively low prevalence of overall childhood anaphylaxis in a regional area. The two most common causes of anaphylaxis in this population (food and bites/stings) recorded increased prevalence providing an opportunity for further study. Significant gaps in evidence-based care of anaphylaxis were noted, demonstrating the need for improved recognition and treatment guideline implementation in regional areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura K Hollingsworth
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, Rural Clinical School, University of TasmanianBurnieTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Vincent WS Gan
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, Rural Clinical School, University of TasmanianBurnieTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Samantha Rose
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, Rural Clinical School, University of TasmanianBurnieTasmaniaAustralia
| | | | - Sarah J Prior
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of TasmaniaBurnieTasmaniaAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tischer C, Kirjavainen P, Matterne U, Tempes J, Willeke K, Keil T, Apfelbacher C, Täubel M. Interplay between natural environment, human microbiota and immune system: A scoping review of interventions and future perspectives towards allergy prevention. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153422. [PMID: 35090907 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urbanization and biodiversity loss are linked to chronic disorders, in particular allergic diseases. The aim of this scoping review was to provide a synopsis of intervention studies specifically examining the influence of exposure to natural environments on human microbiota as well as immunological markers as suggested interlink between natural environment and the development of allergic diseases. METHODS We searched PubMed (MEDLINE®) and all references cited in the included studies following the PRISMA statement guidelines. No restrictions regarding age and sex of study participants, language or publication date were made. The protocol was registered at OSF REGISTRIES (https://osf.io/musgr). RESULTS After screening, eight intervention studies were included. The interventions reported were mainly of pilot character and various, ranging from nature-related educational programs, biodiversity interventions in day-cares to short-term contact with soil- and sand-preparations. Most of the studied interventions appeared to increase human microbiota richness and diversity in specific taxa groups in the short-time. Immunological markers were assessed in only two studies. In these, their associations with human microbiota richness were pre-dominantly reported. CONCLUSION There is some evidence that the so-called biodiversity interventions have the potential to diversify human microbiota, at least over a short period. Adequately powered randomized controlled trials with long term follow-up are required to examine sustainable effects on microbiota and immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Tischer
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2 / D7, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; State Institute of Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Prinzregentenstrasse 6, 97688 Bad Kissingen, Germany; Finish Institute for Health and Welfare, Environmental Health Unit, PO Box 95, FIN-70701 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Pirkka Kirjavainen
- Finish Institute for Health and Welfare, Environmental Health Unit, PO Box 95, FIN-70701 Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Uwe Matterne
- Institute of Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Jana Tempes
- University of Education Freiburg, Kunzenweg 21, 79117 Freiburg, i.Br, Germany.
| | - Kristina Willeke
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2 / D7, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; State Institute of Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Prinzregentenstrasse 6, 97688 Bad Kissingen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Keil
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2 / D7, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; State Institute of Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Prinzregentenstrasse 6, 97688 Bad Kissingen, Germany; Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Schumannstraße 20 - 21, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christian Apfelbacher
- Institute of Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Martin Täubel
- Finish Institute for Health and Welfare, Environmental Health Unit, PO Box 95, FIN-70701 Kuopio, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Celebi Sozener Z, Ozdel Ozturk B, Cerci P, Turk M, Gorgulu Akin B, Akdis M, Altiner S, Ozbey U, Ogulur I, Mitamura Y, Yilmaz I, Nadeau K, Ozdemir C, Mungan D, Akdis CA. Epithelial barrier hypothesis: Effect of the external exposome on the microbiome and epithelial barriers in allergic disease. Allergy 2022; 77:1418-1449. [PMID: 35108405 PMCID: PMC9306534 DOI: 10.1111/all.15240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Environmental exposure plays a major role in the development of allergic diseases. The exposome can be classified into internal (e.g., aging, hormones, and metabolic processes), specific external (e.g., chemical pollutants or lifestyle factors), and general external (e.g., broader socioeconomic and psychological contexts) domains, all of which are interrelated. All the factors we are exposed to, from the moment of conception to death, are part of the external exposome. Several hundreds of thousands of new chemicals have been introduced in modern life without our having a full understanding of their toxic health effects and ways to mitigate these effects. Climate change, air pollution, microplastics, tobacco smoke, changes and loss of biodiversity, alterations in dietary habits, and the microbiome due to modernization, urbanization, and globalization constitute our surrounding environment and external exposome. Some of these factors disrupt the epithelial barriers of the skin and mucosal surfaces, and these disruptions have been linked in the last few decades to the increasing prevalence and severity of allergic and inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis, food allergy, allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, and asthma. The epithelial barrier hypothesis provides a mechanistic explanation of how these factors can explain the rapid increase in allergic and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss factors affecting the planet's health in the context of the 'epithelial barrier hypothesis,' including climate change, pollution, changes and loss of biodiversity, and emphasize the changes in the external exposome in the last few decades and their effects on allergic diseases. In addition, the roles of increased dietary fatty acid consumption and environmental substances (detergents, airborne pollen, ozone, microplastics, nanoparticles, and tobacco) affecting epithelial barriers are discussed. Considering the emerging data from recent studies, we suggest stringent governmental regulations, global policy adjustments, patient education, and the establishment of individualized control measures to mitigate environmental threats and decrease allergic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Betul Ozdel Ozturk
- School of MedicineDepartment of Chest DiseasesDivision of Immunology and Allergic DiseasesAnkara UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Pamir Cerci
- Clinic of Immunology and Allergic DiseasesEskisehir City HospitalEskisehirTurkey
| | - Murat Turk
- Clinic of Immunology and Allergic DiseasesKayseri City HospitalKayseriTurkey
| | - Begum Gorgulu Akin
- Clinic of Immunology and Allergic DiseasesAnkara City HospitalAnkaraTurkey
| | - Mubeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF)University of ZurichDavosSwitzerland
| | - Seda Altiner
- Clinic of Internal Medicine Division of Immunology and Allergic DiseasesKahramanmaras Necip Fazil City HospitalKahramanmarasTurkey
| | - Umus Ozbey
- Department of Nutrition and DietAnkara UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Ismail Ogulur
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF)University of ZurichDavosSwitzerland
| | - Yasutaka Mitamura
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF)University of ZurichDavosSwitzerland
| | - Insu Yilmaz
- Department of Chest DiseasesDivision of Immunology and Allergic DiseasesErciyes UniversityKayseriTurkey
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University School of MedicineDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Cevdet Ozdemir
- Institute of Child HealthDepartment of Pediatric Basic SciencesIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- Istanbul Faculty of MedicineDepartment of PediatricsDivision of Pediatric Allergy and ImmunologyIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Dilsad Mungan
- School of MedicineDepartment of Chest DiseasesDivision of Immunology and Allergic DiseasesAnkara UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF)University of ZurichDavosSwitzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE)DavosSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Leontiadis GI, Longstreth GF. Evolutionary Medicine Perspectives: Helicobacter pylori, Lactose Intolerance, and 3 Hypotheses for Functional and Inflammatory Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Disorders. Am J Gastroenterol 2022; 117:721-728. [PMID: 35169106 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many clinicians have suboptimal knowledge of evolutionary medicine. This discipline integrates social and basic sciences, epidemiology, and clinical medicine, providing explanations, especially ultimate causes, for many conditions. Principles include genetic variation from population bottleneck and founder effects, evolutionary trade-offs, and coevolution. For example, host-microbe coevolution contributes to the inflammatory and carcinogenic variability of Helicobacter pylori. Antibiotic-resistant strains are evolving, but future therapy could target promutagenic proteins. Ancient humans practicing dairying achieved survival and reproduction advantages of postweaning lactase persistence and passed this trait to modern descendants, delegitimizing lactose intolerance as "disease" in people with lactase nonpersistence. Three evolutionary hypotheses are each relevant to multiple diseases: (i) the polyvagal hypothesis posits that prehistoric adaptation of autonomic nervous system reactions to stress is beneficial acutely but, when continued chronically, predisposes individuals to painful functional gastrointestinal disorders, in whom it may be a biomarker; (ii) the thrifty gene hypothesis proposes genetic adaptation to feast-famine cycles among Pleistocene migrants to America, which is mismatched with Indigenous Americans' current diet and physical activity, predisposing them to obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and gallstones and their complications; and (iii) the hygiene hypothesis proposes alteration of the gut microbiome, with which humans have coevolved, in allergic and autoimmune disease pathogenesis; for example, association of microbiome-altering proton pump inhibitor use with pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis, early-life gastrointestinal infection with celiac disease, and infant antibiotic use and an economically advanced environment with inflammatory bowel disease. Evolutionary perspectives broaden physicians' understanding of disease processes, improve care, and stimulate research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios I Leontiadis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - George F Longstreth
- Section of Gastroenterology, Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
McEvoy CT, Spindel ER. Childhood Wheeze Patterns: What Do They Tell Us? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 205:859-860. [PMID: 35196479 PMCID: PMC9838620 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202201-0108ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
|
24
|
Dębińska A, Sozańska B. Fermented Food in Asthma and Respiratory Allergies—Chance or Failure? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071420. [PMID: 35406034 PMCID: PMC9002914 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, a dramatic increase in the global prevalence of allergic diseases and asthma was observed. It was hypothesized that diet may be an important immunomodulatory factor influencing susceptibility to allergic diseases. Fermented food, a natural source of living microorganisms and bioactive compounds, has been demonstrated to possess health-promoting potentials and seems to be a promising strategy to reduce the risk of various immune-related diseases, such as allergic diseases and asthma. The exact mechanisms by which allergic diseases and asthma can be alleviated or prevented by fermented food are not well understood; however, its potential to exert an effect through modulating the immune response and influencing the gut microbiota has been recently studied. In this review, we provide the current knowledge on the role of diet, including fermented foods, in preventing or treating allergic diseases and asthma.
Collapse
|
25
|
Kim E, Bonnegarde-Bernard A, Opiyo SO, Joldrichsen MR, Attia Z, Ahmer BH, Cormet-Boyaka E, Boyaka PN. Pollutants enhance IgE sensitization in the gut via local alteration of vitamin D-metabolizing enzymes. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:143-153. [PMID: 34504311 PMCID: PMC10655957 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms linking ingested pollutants to increased incidence of allergy are poorly understood. We report that mice exposed to low doses of cadmium develop higher IgE responses following oral allergen sensitization and more severe allergic symptoms upon allergen challenge. The environmentally relevant doses of this pollutant also induced oxidative/inflammatory responses in the gut of SPF, but not germ-free mice. Interestingly, the increased IgE responses correlated with stimulation of the vitamin D3-metabolizing enzymes CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 in the gut and increased luminal levels of oxidized vitamin D3 metabolites that are not ligands of the vitamin D receptor. Inhibition of CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 via oral administration of pharmacological inhibitors reduced IgE responses induced in mice orally exposed to cadmium. Our findings identify local alteration of vitamin D signaling as a new mechanism for induction of IgE responses by environmental pollutants. They also identify vitamin D3-metabolizing enzymes as therapeutic targets for the treatment of allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunsoo Kim
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Stephen O Opiyo
- Molecular, Cellular Imaging Center-Columbus, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Marisa R Joldrichsen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zayed Attia
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Brian H Ahmer
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Prosper N Boyaka
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Infection Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wasserman E, Worgall S. Perinatal origins of chronic lung disease: mechanisms-prevention-therapy-sphingolipid metabolism and the genetic and perinatal origins of childhood asthma. Mol Cell Pediatr 2021; 8:22. [PMID: 34931265 PMCID: PMC8688659 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-021-00130-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood asthma derives from complex host-environment interactions occurring in the perinatal and infant period, a critical time for lung development. Sphingolipids are bioactive molecules consistently implicated in the pathogenesis of childhood asthma. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) initially identified a link between alleles within the 17q21 asthma-susceptibility locus, childhood asthma, and overexpression of the ORMDL sphingolipid biosynthesis regulator 3 (ORMDL3), an inhibitor of de novo sphingolipid synthesis. Subsequent studies of pediatric asthma offer strong evidence that these asthma-risk alleles correlate with early-life aberrancies of sphingolipid homeostasis and asthma. Relationships between sphingolipid metabolism and asthma-related risk factors, including maternal obesity and respiratory viral infections, are currently under investigation. This review will summarize how these perinatal and early life exposures can synergize with 17q21 asthma risk alleles to exacerbate disruptions of sphingolipid homeostasis and drive asthma pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Wasserman
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th Street, Box 225, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, 12th Floor, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Stefan Worgall
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th Street, Box 225, New York, NY, 10065, USA. .,Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, 12th Floor, New York, NY, 10021, USA. .,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1305 York Avenue, 13th Floor, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Palmu T, Lehtonen J, Korhonen L, Virtanen SM, Niemelä O, Toppari J, Ilonen J, Veijola R, Knip M, Laitinen OH, Lönnrot M, Hyöty H. Association of different enteroviruses with atopy and allergic diseases in early childhood. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:1629-1636. [PMID: 34219290 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterovirus (EV) infections, being among the most prevalent viruses worldwide, have been associated with reduced risk of allergic diseases. We sought to determine the association between EVs and allergic sensitization and disease in early childhood. METHODS The study was carried out in a nested case-control setting within a prospective birth cohort in Finland. We included 138 case children who had specific IgE (s-IgE) sensitization at the age of 5 years and 138 control children without s-IgE sensitization. Allergic disease was recorded at study visits and identified with the ISAAC questionnaire. We screened for the presence of serotype-specific antibodies against 41 EVs at 1-5 years of age and assessed their association with allergic sensitization and disease. RESULTS The overall number of EV infections did not differ between s-IgE-sensitized children and non-sensitized control children. However, there was a tendency of case children with an allergic disease having less EV infections than their controls. This observation was statistically significant for species A EVs in case children with atopic dermatitis vs. control children: OR 0.6 (95% CI 0.36-0.99), p = .048. CONCLUSION This study supports the evidence that EV exposure and development of allergic disease are inversely associated. Interestingly, the inverse association was not observed for bare atopic IgE sensitization, but for IgE sensitization coupled with clinical atopic disease. This suggests that environmental factors influencing IgE sensitization may differ from those influencing progression to clinical allergic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Palmu
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, The Hospital District of South Ostrobothnia, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Jussi Lehtonen
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Laura Korhonen
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Dermatology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Suvi M Virtanen
- Health and Well-Being Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Tampere University Hospital, Research, Development and Innovation Center, Tampere, Finland.,Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Onni Niemelä
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and Tampere University, Seinäjoki/Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Institute of Biomedicine, Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, and Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Veijola
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mikael Knip
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli H Laitinen
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Maria Lönnrot
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Dermatology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Longitudinal atopic dermatitis endotypes: An atopic march paradigm that includes Black children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 149:1702-1710.e4. [PMID: 34673050 PMCID: PMC9275099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The atopic march has been studied mostly in White populations, biasing our current paradigms. OBJECTIVE We sought to define the atopic march in Black and White children and explore mechanisms for racial differences. METHODS Utilizing the Mechanisms of Progression of Atopic Dermatitis to Asthma in Children (MPAACH) cohort (n = 601), we assessed longitudinal sensitization, food allergy (FA), allergic rhinitis, risk of asthma development (through the Pediatric Asthma Risk Score), Scoring for Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD), transepidermal water loss, skin filaggrin (FLG) expression, exposures, and genetic heritability to define AD progression endotypes in Black and White children. RESULTS White MPAACH children were more likely to be sensitized to aero and food allergens (P = .0001) and over 3 times more likely to develop FA and/or allergic rhinitis (AR) without asthma risk (P < .0001). In contrast, Black children were over 6 times more likely to proceed to high asthma risk without FA, sensitization, or AR (P < .0001). White children had higher lesional and nonlesional transepidermal water loss (both P < .001) as well as decreased nonlesional keratinocyte FLG expression (P = .02). Black children had increased genetic heritability for asthma risk and higher rates of exposures to secondhand smoke and traffic-related air pollution. CONCLUSIONS Black and White children with AD have distinct allergic trajectories defined by different longitudinal endotypes. Black children exhibit higher asthma risk despite a more intact skin barrier and less sensitization, FA, and AR. White children have less asthma risk, despite a more dysfunctional skin barrier, and more FA, AR, and sensitization. The observed racial differences are likely due in part to increased genetic heritability for asthma risk and harmful environmental exposures in Black children. Collectively, our findings provide a new paradigm for an atopic march that is inclusive of Black children.
Collapse
|
29
|
Bleecker ER, Gandhi H, Gilbert I, Murphy KR, Chupp GL. Mapping geographic variability of severe uncontrolled asthma in the United States: Management implications. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021; 128:78-88. [PMID: 34628005 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2021.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The US population-level data on asthma morbidity and mortality are available primarily through state-level surveys. We hypothesize that considerable county-level heterogeneity may be obscured by state-level data, thus impeding focused initiatives to improve asthma outcomes. OBJECTIVE To assess heterogeneity in the prevalence of uncontrolled, severe, and severe uncontrolled asthma by evaluating state- and county-level morbidity reflected in large administrative claims data sets and identify relationships between pharmacotherapy-based morbidity and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's asthma mortality data. METHODS Asthma prevalence and morbidity were identified using medical and pharmacy claims from the IQVIA Longitudinal Access and Adjudication Data database (July 2015-June 2018). Heat maps ranked the prevalence of severe uncontrolled asthma by deciles in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, plus 2935 counties. Mortality in states (2016) and 3147 counties (1999-2018) was similarly mapped and ranked and contrasted with claims-based morbidity. RESULTS Among 4,506,527 individuals with asthma, 640,936 (14.2%) received age-specific therapy for severe asthma. Of those with severe asthma, 144,232 (22.5%) filled 2 or more annual courses of systemic steroids and were designated as having severe uncontrolled asthma. Most states with high mortality had relatively few patients with severe uncontrolled asthma. A marked correlation between mortality and morbidity and trends by urban vs rural and metropolitan status were found at the county level. CONCLUSION Intrastate heterogeneity in the morbidity and mortality of severe uncontrolled asthma at the county level is not evident in state-level analyses. Increased local awareness of systemic corticosteroid use as an indicator of uncontrolled asthma should prompt regional educational and public health efforts to improve outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hitesh Gandhi
- BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Ileen Gilbert
- BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Kevin R Murphy
- Department of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, Nebraska
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Garn H, Potaczek DP, Pfefferle PI. The Hygiene Hypothesis and New Perspectives-Current Challenges Meeting an Old Postulate. Front Immunol 2021; 12:637087. [PMID: 33815389 PMCID: PMC8012489 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.637087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
During its 30 years history, the Hygiene Hypothesis has shown itself to be adaptable whenever it has been challenged by new scientific developments and this is a still a continuously ongoing process. In this regard, the mini review aims to discuss some selected new developments in relation to their impact on further fine-tuning and expansion of the Hygiene Hypothesis. This will include the role of recently discovered classes of innate and adaptive immune cells that challenges the old Th1/Th2 paradigm, the applicability of the Hygiene Hypothesis to newly identified allergy/asthma phenotypes with diverse underlying pathomechanistic endotypes, and the increasing knowledge derived from epigenetic studies that leads to better understanding of mechanisms involved in the translation of environmental impacts on biological systems. Further, we discuss in brief the expansion of the Hygiene Hypothesis to other disease areas like psychiatric disorders and cancer and conclude that the continuously developing Hygiene Hypothesis may provide a more generalized explanation for health burden in highly industrialized countries also relation to global changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Garn
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Medical Faculty, Biochemical Pharmacological Center (BPC), Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Piotr Potaczek
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Medical Faculty, Biochemical Pharmacological Center (BPC), Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Petra Ina Pfefferle
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Biobank Marburg (CBBMR), Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,German Biobank Alliance (GBA), Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
The intersect of genetics, environment, and microbiota in asthma-perspectives and challenges. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:781-793. [PMID: 33678251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In asthma, a significant portion of the interaction between genetics and environment occurs through microbiota. The proposed mechanisms behind this interaction are complex and at times contradictory. This review covers recent developments in our understanding of this interaction: the "microbial hypothesis" and the "farm effect"; the role of endotoxin and genetic variation in pattern recognition systems; the interaction with allergen exposure; the additional involvement of host gut and airway microbiota; the role of viral respiratory infections in interaction with the 17q21 and CDHR3 genetic loci; and the importance of in utero and early-life timing of exposures. We propose a unified framework for understanding how all these phenomena interact to drive asthma pathogenesis. Finally, we point out some future challenges for continued research in this field, in particular the need for multiomic integration, as well as the potential utility of asthma endotyping.
Collapse
|
32
|
Environnement microbiologique, confinement et risque allergique. REVUE FRANCAISE D ALLERGOLOGIE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reval.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
33
|
Marco ML, Sanders ME, Gänzle M, Arrieta MC, Cotter PD, De Vuyst L, Hill C, Holzapfel W, Lebeer S, Merenstein D, Reid G, Wolfe BE, Hutkins R. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on fermented foods. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:196-208. [PMID: 33398112 PMCID: PMC7925329 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-00390-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An expert panel was convened in September 2019 by The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) to develop a definition for fermented foods and to describe their role in the human diet. Although these foods have been consumed for thousands of years, they are receiving increased attention among biologists, nutritionists, technologists, clinicians and consumers. Despite this interest, inconsistencies related to the use of the term 'fermented' led the panel to define fermented foods and beverages as "foods made through desired microbial growth and enzymatic conversions of food components". This definition, encompassing the many varieties of fermented foods, is intended to clarify what is (and is not) a fermented food. The distinction between fermented foods and probiotics is further clarified. The panel also addressed the current state of knowledge on the safety, risks and health benefits, including an assessment of the nutritional attributes and a mechanistic rationale for how fermented foods could improve gastrointestinal and general health. The latest advancements in our understanding of the microbial ecology and systems biology of these foods were discussed. Finally, the panel reviewed how fermented foods are regulated and discussed efforts to include them as a separate category in national dietary guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Marco
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mary Ellen Sanders
- International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics, Centennial, CO, USA
| | - Michael Gänzle
- University of Alberta, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Marie Claire Arrieta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, International Microbiome Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- VistaMilk, Cork, Ireland
| | - Luc De Vuyst
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Wilhelm Holzapfel
- Advanced Green Energy and Environment Institute, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dan Merenstein
- Department of Family Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gregor Reid
- Lawson Health Research Institute, and Departments of Microbiology & Immunology and Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Robert Hutkins
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nachshon L, Schwartz N, Goldberg MR, Schon Y, Cheryomukhin M, Katz Y, Elizur A. Characteristics and associated morbidities of young adults with misconceived food allergy: A cross-sectional study. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 33:100766. [PMID: 33718851 PMCID: PMC7933257 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients with self-reported food allergy are not allergic but suffer from similar burdens. We aimed to characterize young adults with misconceived food allergy. METHODS A cross-sectional study of individuals (n = 12,592) aged 17-18 years, recruited to the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) at a single urban-area recruitment center over a six month-period. All participants underwent a comprehensive medical and psychological evaluation. Cognitive tests were performed and a Combined Intellectual-Education score assigned. Participants who reported food elimination due to allergy were skin-tested and underwent oral food challenges, when indicated. The characteristics, psychological evaluation and cognitive tests of individuals with no reported food allergy (n = 12,444), misconceived food allergy (n = 64) and true food allergy (n = 84) were compared. FINDINGS The prevalence of atopic co-morbidities was higher in recruits reporting compared to those not reporting food allergy while the rate of other co-morbidities was comparable. Anxiety disorder was diagnosed significantly more in individuals who reported food allergy (4·1%) compared to those who did not (1·7%) (p = 0·04). Further analysis revealed that this diagnosis was concentrated in individuals with misconceived (8/64, 12·5%) compared to true food allergy (2/84, 2·4%), (p = 0·02). Patients with misconceived food allergy were mostly of female sex, had lower Combined Intellectual-Education scores compared to patients with true (p = 0·001) and no reported food allergy (p = 0·01), and required the longest mean evaluation time (147·6 ± 109·4 days). INTERPRETATION Patients with misconceived food allergy have higher rates of anxiety disorder and are often from a lower educational level and of female sex. Medical and educational attention is required to improve care of this specific population. FUNDING The research reported in this publication was supported by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Medical Corps and Directorate of Defense Research & Development, Israeli Ministry of Defense (IMOD DDR&D).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liat Nachshon
- Allergy clinic, Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Israel
- Institute of Allergy, Immunology and Pediatric Pulmonology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
- Department of Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
- Corresponding author.
| | | | - Michael R Goldberg
- Institute of Allergy, Immunology and Pediatric Pulmonology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
- Department of Pediatrics, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | | | | | - Yitzhak Katz
- Department of Pediatrics, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Arnon Elizur
- Institute of Allergy, Immunology and Pediatric Pulmonology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
- Department of Pediatrics, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Koidl L, Untersmayr E. The clinical implications of the microbiome in the development of allergy diseases. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:115-126. [PMID: 33428498 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1874353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: A substantial number of patients worldwide are affected by allergies. Emerging evidence suggests that the individual microbial composition might contribute to the development of allergies or might even protect from allergic diseases.Areas covered: This review provides a detailed summary regarding available knowledge on the composition of a healthy human microbiome at allergy relevant body sites. It highlights factors influencing the microbiota composition. Furthermore, recent findings on the mutual interaction of the microbiota with the innate and adaptive immune system are reported. In the final part, this knowledge is combined to discuss microbial implications for food allergy, allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, and skin allergies. Literature for this review was gathered by searching PubMed and Google Scholar databases between October and December 2020.Expert opinion: Due to the highly individual composition, it is currently not possible to define the characteristics of a site-specific microbiome in health and disease. Mainly effects of bacterial communities have been investigated, while fungal or viral influences are not yet well understood. The communication between microbial communities found in different organs impact on allergy development. Thus, a personalized approach is essential to beneficially influence these complex interactions and to modulate the host-specific microbiota in allergies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Koidl
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sohn KH, Baek MG, Choi SM, Bae B, Kim RY, Kim YC, Kim HY, Yi H, Kang HR. Alteration of Lung and Gut Microbiota in IL-13-Transgenic Mice Simulating Chronic Asthma. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:1819-1826. [PMID: 33046682 PMCID: PMC9728179 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2009.09019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests a potential role of microbial colonization in the inception of chronic airway diseases. However, it is not clear whether the lung and gut microbiome dysbiosis is coincidental or a result of mutual interaction. In this study, we investigated the airway microbiome in interleukin 13 (IL-13)-rich lung environment and related alterations of the gut microbiome. IL-13- overexpressing transgenic (TG) mice presented enhanced eosinophilic inflammatory responses and mucus production, together with airway hyperresponsiveness and subepithelial fibrosis. While bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and cecum samples obtained from 10-week-old IL-13 TG mice and their C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) littermates showed no significant differences in alpha diversity of lung and gut microbiome, they presented altered beta diversity in both lung and gut microbiota in the IL-13 TG mice compared to the WT mice. Lung-specific IL-13 overexpression also altered the composition of the gut as well as the lung microbiome. In particular, IL-13 TG mice showed an increased proportion of Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria and a decreased amount of Bacteroidetes in the lungs, and depletion of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in the gut. The patterns of polymicrobial interaction within the lung microbiota were different between WT and IL-13 TG mice. For instance, in IL-13 TG mice, lung Mesorhizobium significantly affected the alpha diversity of both lung and gut microbiomes. In summary, chronic asthma-like pathologic changes can alter the lung microbiota and affect the gut microbiome. These findings suggest that the lung-gut microbial axis might actually work in asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Hee Sohn
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea,Division of Pulmonology, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 0447, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-gyung Baek
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Mi Choi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Boram Bae
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ruth Yuldam Kim
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chan Kim
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Kim
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea,Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Yi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea,School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors H.Yi Phone: +82-2-3290-5644 Fax: +82-2-940-2849 E-mail:
| | - Hye-Ryun Kang
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea,Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 0882, Republic of Korea,H-R.Kang Phone: 82-2-2072-0820 Fax: 82-2-742-3291 E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pointner L, Bethanis A, Thaler M, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Gilles S, Ferreira F, Aglas L. Initiating pollen sensitization - complex source, complex mechanisms. Clin Transl Allergy 2020; 10:36. [PMID: 32884636 PMCID: PMC7461309 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-020-00341-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in the induction of allergic sensitization by pollen are not fully understood. Within the last few decades, findings from epidemiological and experimental studies support the notion that allergic sensitization is not only dependent on the genetics of the host and environmental factors, but also on intrinsic features of the allergenic source itself. In this review, we summarize the current concepts and newest advances in research focusing on the initial mechanisms inducing pollen sensitization. Pollen allergens are embedded in a complex and heterogeneous matrix composed of a myriad of bioactive molecules that are co-delivered during the allergic sensitization. Surprisingly, several purified allergens were shown to lack inherent sensitizing potential. Thus, growing evidence supports an essential role of pollen-derived components co-delivered with the allergens in the initiation of allergic sensitization. The pollen matrix, which is composed by intrinsic molecules (e.g. proteins, metabolites, lipids, carbohydrates) and extrinsic compounds (e.g. viruses, particles from air pollutants, pollen-linked microbiome), provide a specific context for the allergen and has been proposed as a determinant of Th2 polarization. In addition, the involvement of various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), secreted alarmins, innate immune cells, and the dependency of DCs in driving pollen-induced Th2 inflammatory processes suggest that allergic sensitization to pollen most likely results from particular combinations of pollen-specific signals rather than from a common determinant of allergenicity. The exact identification and characterization of such pollen-derived Th2-polarizing molecules should provide mechanistic insights into Th2 polarization and pave the way for novel preventive and therapeutic strategies against pollen allergies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Pointner
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstraße. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Athanasios Bethanis
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstraße. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Thaler
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstraße. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Augsburg, Germany
- Christine-Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-Care), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Gilles
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Fatima Ferreira
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstraße. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lorenz Aglas
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstraße. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Navarro-Tapia E, Sebastiani G, Sailer S, Toledano LA, Serra-Delgado M, García-Algar Ó, Andreu-Fernández V. Probiotic Supplementation During the Perinatal and Infant Period: Effects on Gut Dysbiosis and Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2243. [PMID: 32727119 PMCID: PMC7468726 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The perinatal period is crucial to the establishment of lifelong gut microbiota. The abundance and composition of microbiota can be altered by several factors such as preterm delivery, formula feeding, infections, antibiotic treatment, and lifestyle during pregnancy. Gut dysbiosis affects the development of innate and adaptive immune responses and resistance to pathogens, promoting atopic diseases, food sensitization, and infections such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Recent studies have indicated that the gut microbiota imbalance can be restored after a single or multi-strain probiotic supplementation, especially mixtures of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains. Following the systematic search methodology, the current review addresses the importance of probiotics as a preventive or therapeutic tool for dysbiosis produced during the perinatal and infant period. We also discuss the safety of the use of probiotics in pregnant women, preterm neonates, or infants for the treatment of atopic diseases and infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Navarro-Tapia
- Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Valencian International University (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | - Giorgia Sebastiani
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastian Sailer
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Almeida Toledano
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- BCNatal, Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Serra-Delgado
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- BCNatal, Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Óscar García-Algar
- Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Andreu-Fernández
- Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Valencian International University (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Biagioni B, Annesi-Maesano I, D'Amato G, Cecchi L. The rising of allergic respiratory diseases in a changing world: from climate change to migration. Expert Rev Respir Med 2020; 14:973-986. [PMID: 32662693 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1794829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The rising of allergic respiratory diseases (ARDs) suggests a decisive role of environmental factors, that have dramatically changed in the last decades. AREAS COVERED This review addresses various aspects of the external exposome acting on the development, progression, clinical presentation and severity of ARDs. Climate change, air pollution and biodiversity loss act directly and through their complex interactions on atopic risk: reacent foundings on these aspects are discussed herein. The review also focuses on migration studies, underling the possible role of migrant status as an experimental model to study environment effects on atopy onset and progression. EXPERT OPINION Future perspective on this topic include prevention and mitigation strategies in regard to pollution and climate change, improvement of environmental monitoring methods, implementation of public health policies, further advances in 'omics' research and knowledge, prospective and immunological research on migrant populations and new policies to face human mobility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Biagioni
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Anna Meyer Childrens University Hospital , Florence, Italy
| | - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department, Institute Pierre Louis of Epidemiology and Public Health, INSERM and Sorbonne Université , Paris, France
| | - Gennaro D'Amato
- Division of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Department of Chest Diseases, High Speciality A. Cardarelli Hospital , Napoli, Italy.,Medical School of Specialization in Respiratory Diseases, University on Naples Federico II , Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cecchi
- SOS Allergy and Clinical Immunology - Prato, USL Toscana Centro , Florence, Italy.,Centre of Bioclimatology, University of Florence , Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Dona DW, Suphioglu C. Egg Allergy: Diagnosis and Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5010. [PMID: 32708567 PMCID: PMC7404024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypersensitivity or an allergy to chicken egg proteins is a predominant symptomatic condition affecting 1 in 20 children in Australia; however, an effective form of therapy has not yet been found. This occurs as the immune system of the allergic individual overreacts when in contact with egg allergens (egg proteins), triggering a complex immune response. The subsequent instantaneous inflammatory immune response is characterized by the excessive production of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody against the allergen, T-cell mediators and inflammation. Current allergen-specific approaches to egg allergy diagnosis and treatment lack consistency and therefore pose safety concerns among anaphylactic patients. Immunotherapy has thus far been found to be the most efficient way to treat and relieve symptoms, this includes oral immunotherapy (OIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). A major limitation in immunotherapy, however, is the difficulty in preparing effective and safe extracts from natural allergen sources. Advances in molecular techniques allow for the production of safe and standardized recombinant and hypoallergenic egg variants by targeting the IgE-binding epitopes responsible for clinical allergic symptoms. Site-directed mutagenesis can be performed to create such safe hypoallergens for their potential use in future methods of immunotherapy, providing a feasible standardized therapeutic approach to target egg allergies safely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cenk Suphioglu
- NeuroAllergy Research Laboratory (NARL), School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong 3216 VIC, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhang J, Zhu Z, Zuo X, Pan H, Gu Y, Yuan Y, Wang G, Wang S, Zheng R, Liu Z, Wang F, Zheng J. The role of NTHi colonization and infection in the pathogenesis of neutrophilic asthma. Respir Res 2020; 21:170. [PMID: 32620122 PMCID: PMC7333292 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01438-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a complex heterogeneous disease. The neutrophilic subtypes of asthma are described as persistent, more severe and corticosteroid-resistant, with higher hospitalization and mortality rates, which seriously affect the lives of asthmatic patients. With the development of high-throughput sequencing technology, an increasing amount of evidence has shown that lower airway microbiome dysbiosis contributes to the exacerbation of asthma, especially neutrophilic asthma. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae is normally found in the upper respiratory tract of healthy adults and is one of the most common strains in the lower respiratory tract of neutrophilic asthma patients, in whom its presence is related to the occurrence of corticosteroid resistance. To understand the pathogenic mechanism by which nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae colonization leads to the progression of neutrophilic asthma, we reviewed the previous literature on nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae colonization and subsequent aggravation of neutrophilic asthma and corticosteroid resistance. We discussed nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae as a potential therapeutic target to prevent the progression of neutrophilic asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Xu Zuo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - He Pan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yinuo Gu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yuze Yuan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shiji Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Ruipeng Zheng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,Department of Interventional Therapy, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jingtong Zheng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China. .,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chinn AM, Insel PA. Cyclic AMP in dendritic cells: A novel potential target for disease-modifying agents in asthma and other allergic disorders. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3363-3377. [PMID: 32372523 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases are immune disorders that are a global health problem, affecting a large portion of the world's population. Allergic asthma is a heterogeneous disease that alters the biology of the airway. A substantial portion of patients with asthma do not respond to conventional therapies; thus, new and effective therapeutics are needed. Dendritic cells (DCs), antigen presenting cells that regulate helper T cell differentiation, are key drivers of allergic inflammation but are not the target of current therapies. Here we review the role of dendritic cells in allergic conditions and propose a disease-modifying strategy for treating allergic asthma: cAMP-mediated inhibition of dendritic cells to blunt allergic inflammation. This approach contrasts with current treatments that focus on treating clinical manifestations of airway inflammation. Disease-modifying agents that target cAMP and its signalling pathway in dendritic cells may provide a novel means to treat asthma and other allergic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Chinn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Paul A Insel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Richards M, Ferber J, Chen H, Swor E, Quesenberry CP, Li D, Darrow LA. Caesarean delivery and the risk of atopic dermatitis in children. Clin Exp Allergy 2020; 50:805-814. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.13668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Richards
- School of Community Health Sciences University of Nevada Reno NV USA
| | - Jeannette Ferber
- Division of Research Kaiser Permanente Northern California Oakland CA USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Division of Research Kaiser Permanente Northern California Oakland CA USA
| | - Erin Swor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Medicine University of California San Diego CA USA
| | | | - De‐Kun Li
- Division of Research Kaiser Permanente Northern California Oakland CA USA
| | - Lyndsey A. Darrow
- School of Community Health Sciences University of Nevada Reno NV USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Richards M, Ferber J, Li DK, Darrow LA. Cesarean delivery and the risk of allergic rhinitis in children. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020; 125:280-286.e5. [PMID: 32387533 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cesarean delivery (C-section) may influence the infant microbiome and affect immune system development and subsequent risk for allergic rhinitis (AR). OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between C-section and AR at ages 6, 8, and 10 years. METHODS Data were collected prospectively through Kaiser Permanente Northern Californias (KPNC) integrated healthcare system. Children were eligible if they were born in a KPNC hospital and remained in the KPNC system for minimum 6 years (n = 117,768 age 6; n = 75,115 age 8; n = 40,332 age 10). Risk ratios (RR) for C-section and AR were estimated at each follow-up age and adjusted for important covariates, including intrapartum antibiotics, pre-pregnancy body mass index, maternal allergic morbidities, and breastfeeding. Subanalyses considered information on C-section indication, labor, and membrane rupture. RESULTS After adjusting for confounders, we did not observe an association between C-section and AR at follow-up ages 6, 8, or 10 years (RR [CI]: 6 years, 0.98 [0.91, 1.04]; 8 years, 1.00 [0.95, 1.07]; 10 years, 1.03 [0.96, 1.10]). In stratified analyses, there was limited evidence that C-section increases the risk of AR in certain subgroups (eg, children of non-atopic mothers, second or higher birth order children), but most estimated risk ratios were consistent with no association. Estimated associations were unaffected by participant attrition, missing data, or intrapartum antibiotics. CONCLUSION C-section delivery was not associated with AR at follow-up ages of 6, 8, or 10 years in a large contemporary US cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Richards
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada.
| | - Jeannette Ferber
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - De-Kun Li
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Lyndsey A Darrow
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gut Microbial-Derived Metabolomics of Asthma. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10030097. [PMID: 32155960 PMCID: PMC7142494 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10030097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss gut microbial-derived metabolites involved with the origins and pathophysiology of asthma, a chronic respiratory disease that is influenced by the microbiome. Although both gut and airway microbiomes may be important in asthma development, we focus here on the gut microbiome and metabolomic pathways involved in immune system ontogeny. Metabolite classes with existing evidence that microbial-derived products influence asthma risk include short chain fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and bile acids. While tryptophan metabolites and sphingolipids have known associations with asthma, additional research is needed to clarify the extent to which the microbiome contributes to the effects of these metabolites on asthma. These metabolite classes can influence immune function in one of two ways: (i) promoting growth or maturity of certain immune cell populations or (ii) influencing antigenic load by enhancing the number or species of specific bacteria. A more comprehensive understanding of how gut microbes and metabolites interact to modify asthma risk and morbidity will pave the way for targeted diagnostics and treatments.
Collapse
|
46
|
Horve PF, Lloyd S, Mhuireach GA, Dietz L, Fretz M, MacCrone G, Van Den Wymelenberg K, Ishaq SL. Building upon current knowledge and techniques of indoor microbiology to construct the next era of theory into microorganisms, health, and the built environment. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2020; 30:219-235. [PMID: 31308484 PMCID: PMC7100162 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-019-0157-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In the constructed habitat in which we spend up to 90% of our time, architectural design influences occupants' behavioral patterns, interactions with objects, surfaces, rituals, the outside environment, and each other. Within this built environment, human behavior and building design contribute to the accrual and dispersal of microorganisms; it is a collection of fomites that transfer microorganisms; reservoirs that collect biomass; structures that induce human or air movement patterns; and space types that encourage proximity or isolation between humans whose personal microbial clouds disperse cells into buildings. There have been recent calls to incorporate building microbiology into occupant health and exposure research and standards, yet the built environment is largely viewed as a repository for microorganisms which are to be eliminated, instead of a habitat which is inexorably linked to the microbial influences of building inhabitants. Health sectors have re-evaluated the role of microorganisms in health, incorporating microorganisms into prevention and treatment protocols, yet no paradigm shift has occurred with respect to microbiology of the built environment, despite calls to do so. Technological and logistical constraints often preclude our ability to link health outcomes to indoor microbiology, yet sufficient study exists to inform the theory and implementation of the next era of research and intervention in the built environment. This review presents built environment characteristics in relation to human health and disease, explores some of the current experimental strategies and interventions which explore health in the built environment, and discusses an emerging model for fostering indoor microbiology rather than fearing it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick F Horve
- Biology and the Built Environment Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Savanna Lloyd
- Biology and the Built Environment Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Gwynne A Mhuireach
- Biology and the Built Environment Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Leslie Dietz
- Biology and the Built Environment Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Mark Fretz
- Institute for Health and the Built Environment, University of Oregon, Portland, OR, 97209, USA
| | - Georgia MacCrone
- Biology and the Built Environment Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg
- Biology and the Built Environment Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
- Institute for Health and the Built Environment, University of Oregon, Portland, OR, 97209, USA
| | - Suzanne L Ishaq
- Biology and the Built Environment Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kozik A, Huang YJ. Ecological interactions in asthma: from environment to microbiota and immune responses. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2020; 26:27-32. [PMID: 31567329 PMCID: PMC7147973 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Asthma is a heterogeneous condition shaped not only by genetics but also host conditioning by environmental factors. Recognizing the ecological context of microbe-immune interactions across environments and body sites is a necessary step toward better understanding how human microbiota influence or drive the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of asthma in its various presentations. RECENT FINDINGS There is increasing evidence of a critical role for microbiota in asthma pathogenesis and outcomes across various body compartments, including the upper and lower airways, and gut. We discuss recent studies from this area including: development of a method to quantify microbial farm-effect in nonfarm environments, relationships between environmental microbial exposures and asthma prevalence across different geographies, microbiome-mediated responses to ozone, and microbiome-immune interactions within and across body compartments. Beyond bacteria, recent reports of asthma-associated differences in archaea and fungal organisms also are highlighted. SUMMARY Collective evidence warrants application of an ecological framework to advance mechanistic insights into microbiota-immune interactions in asthma. This is necessary to achieve goals of developing successful therapeutic interventions targeting modification of microbiomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariangela Kozik
- University of Michigan, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 6301B MSRB3/SPC5642, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5642
| | - Yvonne J. Huang
- University of Michigan, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 6301B MSRB3/SPC5642, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5642
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Cho YJ. Does the Difference in Microbial Patterns in the Airways Induce Distinct Endotypes of Asthma? ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020; 12:375-377. [PMID: 32141252 PMCID: PMC7061159 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2020.12.3.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Joo Cho
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Votto M, Marseglia GL, De Filippo M, Brambilla I, Caimmi SME, Licari A. Early Life Risk Factors in Pediatric EoE: Could We Prevent This Modern Disease? Front Pediatr 2020; 8:263. [PMID: 32548083 PMCID: PMC7274037 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic antigen-mediated inflammatory disease that affects the esophagus. In the last 20 years, a large number of epidemiological studies showed a significant increase in the incidence and prevalence of EoE, especially in developed countries. This phenomenon might correlate to the overall increase in pediatric allergic diseases or might be a result of improved medical awareness and knowledge through modern diagnostic instruments. Since 1993, when EoE was first recognized as a distinct clinical entity, several signs of progress in the pathophysiology of EoE were achieved. However, a few studies reported data on early risk factors for pediatric EoE and how these factors may interfere with genes. Currently, the most defined risk factors for EoE are male sex, Caucasian race, and atopic comorbidities. Other putative risk factors may include alterations in epithelial barrier function and fibrous remodeling, esophageal dysbiosis, variation in the nature and timing of oral antigen exposure, and early prescription of proton pump inhibitors and antibiotics. Notably, the timing and nature of food antigen exposure may be fundamental in inducing or reversing immune tolerance, but no studies are reported. This review summarized the current evidence on the risk factors that might contribute to the increasing development of EoE, focusing on the possible preventive role of early interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Votto
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria De Filippo
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Brambilla
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Maria Elena Caimmi
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Amelia Licari
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Mustafa AS. Vaccine Potential of Mycobacterial Antigens against Asthma. Med Princ Pract 2020; 29:404-411. [PMID: 32422630 PMCID: PMC7511680 DOI: 10.1159/000508719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a cause of substantial burden of disease in the world, including both premature deaths and reduced quality of life. A leading hypothesis to explain the worldwide increase of asthma is the "hygiene hypothesis," which suggests that the increase in the prevalence of asthma is due to the reduction in exposure to infections/microbial antigens. In allergic asthma, the most common type of asthma, antigen-specific T helper (Th)2 and Th17 cells and their cytokines are primary mediators of the pathological consequences. In contrast, Th1 and T regulatory (Treg) cells and their cytokines play a protective role. This article aims to review the information on the effect of mycobacteria and their antigens in modulating Th2/Th17 responses towards Th1/Treg responses and protection against asthma in humans and animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abu Salim Mustafa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait,
| |
Collapse
|