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Chatelan A, Raeisi-Dehkordi H, Salehi-Abargouei A. Substituting Low-Calorie Sweetened Beverages for Sugar-Sweetened Beverages to Prevent Obesity and Cardiometabolic Diseases: Still a Good Idea? Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102105. [PMID: 38440361 PMCID: PMC10911947 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Low-calorie sweeteners (LCSs) and LCS-containing beverages have been proposed as appropriate substitutes for caloric sugars in recent years. In this Perspective, we highlight the recent findings from observational and interventional studies, focusing on obesity, gut microbiome, and cardiometabolic health. We provide public health actors and health care professionals with an insightful overview of recent evidence to bridge the gap between research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeline Chatelan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hamidreza Raeisi-Dehkordi
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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2
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Thomas OW, McManus CR, Badaracco C, MacLaren J, Mason A, McWhorter JW. Registered Dietitian Nutritionists Taking the Lead in Teaching Kitchens. J Acad Nutr Diet 2023; 123:1393-1405. [PMID: 37453534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia W Thomas
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Julia MacLaren
- Wellness Centre, South Health Campus, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, Canada
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Chen Y, Fogel A, Bi Y, Yen CC. Factors associated with eating rate: a systematic review and narrative synthesis informed by socio-ecological model. Nutr Res Rev 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37749936 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422423000239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows associations between rapid eating and overweight. Modifying eating rate might be a potential weight management strategy without imposing additional dietary restrictions. A comprehensive understanding of factors associated with eating speed will help with designing effective interventions. The aim of this review was to synthesise the current state of knowledge on the factors associated with eating rate. The socio-ecological model (SEM) was utilised to scaffold the identified factors. A comprehensive literature search of eleven databases was conducted to identify factors associated with eating rate. The 104 studies that met the inclusion criteria were heterogeneous in design and methods of eating rate measurement. We identified thirty-nine factors that were independently linked to eating speed and mapped them onto the individual, social and environmental levels of the SEM. The majority of the reported factors pertained to the individual characteristics (n = 20) including demographics, cognitive/psychological factors and habitual food oral processing behaviours. Social factors (n = 11) included eating companions, social and cultural norms, and family structure. Environmental factors (n = 8) included food texture and presentation, methods of consumption or background sounds. Measures of body weight, food form and characteristics, food oral processing behaviours and gender, age and ethnicity were the most researched and consistent factors associated with eating rate. A number of other novel and underresearched factors emerged, but these require replication and further research. We highlight directions for further research in this space and potential evidence-based candidates for interventions targeting eating rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Division of Industrial Design, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Keio-NUS CUTE Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anna Fogel
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Yue Bi
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching Chiuan Yen
- Division of Industrial Design, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Keio-NUS CUTE Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Uliana GC, Camara LN, Paracampo CCP, da Costa JC, Gomes DL. Characteristics of carbohydrate counting practice associated with adequacy of glycated hemoglobin in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Brazil. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1215792. [PMID: 37766694 PMCID: PMC10519792 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1215792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Carbohydrate Counting (CC) is directly associated with achieving glycemic control by people with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). Therefore, this study aims to analyze characteristics of the CC practice associated with the adequacy of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in adults with T1DM in Brazil. Methods The study was cross-sectional, carried out using an online form with questions about knowledge of CC, clinical, anthropometric, sociodemographic data, follow-up with health professionals and understanding of the concepts of CC. Pearson's chi-square test and binomial logistic regression analysis (p<0.05) were applied. Results 173 adults participated, of which 57.2% had increased HbA1c (≥7%). Having the diabetes duration <10 years (p=0.006), performing the CC at lunch (p=0.040) and dinner (p=0.018), using specific applications to perform the CC (p=0.001), having learned to perform CC with a nutritionist (p=0.037) and knowing how to correctly define the concepts of food bolus (p=0.001), correction bolus (p<0.001) and insulin/carbohydrate ratio (p<0.001) was associated with having adequate HbA1c (<7%). Participants who were undergoing CC practice were 3.273 times more likely to have adequate HbA1c and participants with diabetes duration <10 years were 2.686 times more likely to have adequate HbA1c. Conclusion It was concluded that variables transversal to CC favor adequate HbA1c values in adults with T1DM and that practicing CC and having a diabetes duration of less than 10 years are predictive factors of having adequate HbA1c.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Daniela Lopes Gomes
- Nucleus of Behavior Theory Research, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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Miller ST, Akohoue SA, Murry VM, Tabatabai M, Wilus D, Foxx A. SISTER (Sisters Inspiring Sisters to Engage in Relevant Diabetes Self-Care) Diabetes Study: Protocol for diabetes medical nutrition therapy randomized clinical trial among African American women. Contemp Clin Trials 2023; 125:107052. [PMID: 36526256 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2022.107052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND African American (AA) women with type 2 diabetes (T2D) carry disproportionate diabetes-related morbidity and mortality burdens. Diabetes medical nutrition therapy (MNT) improves glycemic, blood pressure, and cholesterol control, all critical in preventing and reducing diabetes complications. Yet, MNT does not address low motivation for dietary intake management, which is frequently reported among AA women with T2D living in the Southeastern US. METHODS A randomized controlled trial will be used to test the central hypothesis that diabetes MNT plus culturally-tailored motivational interviewing (MI) (diabetes MNT plus MI) is more effective than diabetes MNT alone (diabetes MNT). Two hundred ninety-one Southeastern AA women who are at risk for development and/or progression of T2D complications will be randomized to diabetes MNT plus MI or diabetes MNT. Both groups will include: 1) a 3-month active intervention period, consisting of group-based, nutritionist-facilitated MNT sessions; 2) a 3-month maintenance intervention period, including one group-based, nutritionist-facilitated maintenance support session; and 3) a 6-month inactive period. Culturally-adapted MI exercises will be integrated into the diabetes MNT plus MI group only. Primary (HbA1c) and secondary (systolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol) outcomes will be assessed at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months following the active intervention period. DISCUSSION The results from this study, called the SISTER (Sisters Inspiring Sisters to Engage in Relevant Diabetes Self-Care) Diabetes Study, are vital to the adoption and uptake of rigorously-tested MNT interventions that address motivation among AA women with T2D as a way to reduce their risk and/or progression of diabetes-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephania T Miller
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd, Jr. Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208-3599, USA.
| | - Sylvie A Akohoue
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd, Jr. Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208-3599, USA
| | - Velma M Murry
- Departments of Health Policy & Human & Organizational Development, Vanderbilt University, 2525 West End, Ave., Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Mohammad Tabatabai
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd, Jr. Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208-3599, USA
| | - Derek Wilus
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd, Jr. Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208-3599, USA
| | - Ardana Foxx
- Patient Advisory Group, SISTER Diabetes Study, Nashville, TN, USA
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Rubin D, Bosy-Westphal A, Kabisch S, Kronsbein P, Simon MC, Tombek A, Weber KS, Skurk T. Nutritional Recommendations for People with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2023; 131:33-50. [PMID: 36638807 DOI: 10.1055/a-1946-3753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rubin
- Vivantes Hospital Spandau, Berlin, Germany.,Vivantes Humboldt Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Nutritional Sciences, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Kabisch
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutritional Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Kronsbein
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Astrid Tombek
- Diabetes Center Bad Mergentheim, Bad Mergentheim, Germany
| | - Katharina S Weber
- Institute for Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Skurk
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
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Stentz FB, Lawson D, Tucker S, Christman J, Sands C. Decreased cardiovascular risk factors and inflammation with remission of type 2 diabetes in adults with obesity using a high protein diet: Randomized control trial. OBESITY PILLARS (ONLINE) 2022; 4:100047. [PMID: 37990670 PMCID: PMC10661976 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2022.100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective The study objective was to determine the effects a high protein (HP) vs. a high carbohydrate (HC) diet on cardiovascular risk factors (CVR), inflammation, metabolic parameters, oxidative stress, weight loss, lean and fat body mass, and remission of Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) in subjects with obesity. Research design and methods Twelve women and men with T2D were recruited and randomized to either a HP (30%protein, 30%fat, 40%carbohydrate) (n = 6) or HC (15%protein, 30%fat, 55%carbohydrate) (n = 6) diet feeding study for 6 months in this randomized controlled trial. All meals were purchased at local grocery stores and provided to subjects for 6 months with daily food menus for HP or HC compliance with weekly food pick-up and weight measurements. Oral glucose tolerance and meal tolerance tests with glucose and insulin measurements and DXA scans were done at baseline and after 6 months on the respective diets. Results After 6 months on the HP diet, 100% of the subjects had remission of their T2DM to Normal Glucose Tolerance (NGT), whereas only 16.6% of subjects on the HC diet had remission of their T2DM. The HP diet group exhibited significant improvement in a) cardiovascular risk factors (p = 0.004, b) inflammatory cytokines(p = 0.001), c) insulin sensitivity(p = 0.001), d) oxidative stress(p = 0.001), e) increased %lean body mass(p = 0.001) compared to the HC diet group at 6 months. Conclusions A significant improvement in cardiovascular risk factors, inflammation, metabolic parameters and 100% remission of T2DM to NGT was achieved with a HP diet compared to a HC diet at 6 months. Clinicaltrialsgov identifier NCT01642849.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frankie B. Stentz
- Departments of Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Division, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Damon Lawson
- Departments of Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Division, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sidney Tucker
- Departments of Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Division, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - John Christman
- Departments of Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Division, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Chris Sands
- Departments of Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Division, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Annan SF, Higgins LA, Jelleryd E, Hannon T, Rose S, Salis S, Baptista J, Chinchilla P, Marcovecchio ML. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Nutritional management in children and adolescents with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2022; 23:1297-1321. [PMID: 36468223 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Francesca Annan
- Paediatric Division, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Laurie A Higgins
- Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adult Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elisabeth Jelleryd
- Medical Unit Clinical Nutrition, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tamara Hannon
- School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Shelley Rose
- Diabetes & Endocrinology Service, MidCentral District Health Board, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Sheryl Salis
- Department of Nutrition, Nurture Health Solutions, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Paula Chinchilla
- Women's and Children's Department, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Maria Loredana Marcovecchio
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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9
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Hildebrand CA, Gaviria DB, Samuel-Hodge CD, Ammerman AS, Keyserling TC. How Physicians Can Assess and Address Dietary Behaviors to Reduce Chronic Disease Risk. Med Clin North Am 2022; 106:785-807. [PMID: 36154700 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
With the growing burden of diet-related chronic disease impacting the public's health, nutrition counseling in a primary care setting is essential and can be accomplished through brief and creative approaches. This article reviews an example of a brief dietary assessment and counseling tool and counseling strategies focusing on dietary behavior changes that emphasize impact on health outcomes, ease of behavior change, and affordability. These, plus integrating office supports, are practical ways to start the conversation about improving diet quality with patients. Collaborative efforts in nutrition care, particularly through collaboration with registered dietitians, present a valuable opportunity to meet the nutrition care needs of patients. Additionally, this article reviews screening for eating disorders, food insecurity, and dietary supplement use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A Hildebrand
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1700 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, CB# 7426, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7426, USA; Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7461, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7461, USA
| | - David B Gaviria
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1700 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, CB# 7426, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7426, USA; Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7461, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7461, USA
| | - Carmen D Samuel-Hodge
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1700 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, CB# 7426, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7426, USA; Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7461, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7461, USA
| | - Alice S Ammerman
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1700 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, CB# 7426, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7426, USA; Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7461, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7461, USA
| | - Thomas C Keyserling
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1700 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, CB# 7426, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7426, USA; Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, CB# 7110, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7110, USA.
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Bayındır Gümüş A, Keser A, Tunçer E, Altuntaş Yıldız T, Kepenekci Bayram İ. Effect of saccharin, a non-nutritive sweeteners, on insulin and blood glucose levels in healthy young men: A crossover trial. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102500. [PMID: 35598544 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Artificial sweeteners used instead of sugar were considered as the best alternatives that have no endocrine effects. However, it has recently been suggested that artificial sweeteners may cause impaired metabolic parameters. The hypothesis of the study was there is an association between acute saccharin consumption and both glycemia and insulin response in young healthy adult men. METHODS 9 healthy adult males were included in this study. This study randomly provided participants with preloads as (a)300 ml of water, or 300 ml of water sweetened with (b)75 g of sucrose, (c)240 mg of saccharine (adjusted to the sweetness of 75 g of sucrose) 1 h before a standard breakfast. RESULTS Compared to mean blood glucose and serum insulin after test drinks consumption, there was only one difference between sucrose and saccharin trials in the 15th minute (117.0 ± 18.70, 95.4 ± 5.64 mg/dl respectively, p < 0.05). At the 60th minute, insulin secretion (0.80 ± 0.27 pg/dl) after the sucrose trial was found significantly higher than the saccharin trial (0.53 ± 0.09 pg/dl) and water (0.49 ± 0.06 pg/dl) (p < 0.05). Although at all intervals (except 90th minute), the mean insulin is higher after the saccharin trial compared to the water trial, these were non-statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Consequently, it was determined that saccharin had no glycemic effect. However, for the effect on serum insulin to be clarified, the long-term effects should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Bayındır Gümüş
- Kırıkkale University Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Health Location Fabrikalar Street No 12 City Center, Kırıkkale, Turkey.
| | - Alev Keser
- Ankara University Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Esra Tunçer
- Ankara University Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara, Turkey.
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Aggarwal M, Freeman AM, Ros E, Allen K, Sikand G, Aspry K, Kris-Etherton P, Devries S, Reddy K, Singh T, Litwin SE, O'Keefe J, Miller M, Andrus B, Blankstein R, Batiste C, Belardo D, Wenger C, Batts T, Barnard ND, White BA, Ornish D, Williams KA, Ostfeld RJ. Trending Nutrition Controversies #3: Top Controversies in 2021. Am J Med 2022; 135:146-156. [PMID: 34509452 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2021.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Each year, patients are bombarded with diverging and even contradictory reports concerning the impact of certain additives, foods, and nutrients on cardiovascular health and its risk factors. Accordingly, this third review of nutrition controversies examines the impact of artificial sweeteners, cacao, soy, plant-based meats, nitrates, and meats from grass compared to grain-fed animals on cardiovascular and other health outcomes with the goal of optimizing clinician-led diet counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew M Freeman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Emilio Ros
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona and Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Geeta Sikand
- Heart Disease Prevention Program, University of California Irvine, Irvine
| | - Karen Aspry
- Division of Cardiology, Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute, and Brown University, Providence, RI
| | | | - Stephen Devries
- Gaples Institute for Integrative Cardiology, Deerfield, Ill; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Koushik Reddy
- Division of Cardiology, James A Haley VA Medical Center, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - Tamanna Singh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular, Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sheldon E Litwin
- Division of Cardiology, University of South Carolina, Charleston; Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC
| | - James O'Keefe
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Mo
| | - Michael Miller
- Division of Cardiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Bruce Andrus
- Division of Cardiology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
| | - Ron Blankstein
- Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Columbus Batiste
- Division of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente Riverside Medical Center, Riverside, Calif
| | | | | | - Travis Batts
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surgical Center, San Antonio, Tex
| | - Neal D Barnard
- Adjunct Faculty, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Physici Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Beth A White
- Division of Cardiology, Marshall Health/Joan C. Edward School of Medicine, Huntington, WV
| | - Dean Ornish
- Preventive Medicine Research Institute, Sausalito, Calif; Deparment of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Kim A Williams
- Division of Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill
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Differentials in dietary intake of macro and micronutrients in patients with type 2 diabetes and foot ulcers: Observations from a pilot study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 47:170-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Midthassel TC, Hansen AH. Are lifestyle changes from online information associated with discussing the information with a doctor? A cross -sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 16:e0261471. [PMID: 34972136 PMCID: PMC8719672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of diabetes and the use of electronic health (eHealth) are increasing. Lifestyle changes in a positive direction may reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. The main objective of this study was to test the association between lifestyle changes based on online information seeking and discussing the information with a doctor. METHODS In this cross-sectional study we used e-mail survey data from 1250 members of The Norwegian Diabetes Association, collected in 2018. Included in the analyses were 847 men and women aged 18 to 89 years diagnosed with diabetes and who reported use of eHealth within the previous year. We used descriptive statistics to estimate lifestyle changes based on information from the internet. Logistic regressions were used to estimate the associations between lifestyle changes after online information seeking and discussing the information with a doctor. Analyses were adjusted for gender, age, education, and self-rated health. RESULTS Lifestyle changes accomplished after online information seeking was reported by 46.9% (397/847) of the participants. The odds of changing lifestyle were more than doubled for those who had discussed information from the internet with a doctor (odds ratio 2.54, confidence interval 1.90-3.40). The odds of lifestyle changes were lower in the age groups 30-39 years and 60 years and over, compared to those aged 18-29 years (the reference group). Lifestyle changes were not associated with gender, education, or self-rated health. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that health-care professionals can play an important role in lifestyle changes additional to health-advice found on the internet. This study underlines the importance of easily accessible high-quality online information, as well as the importance of making room for discussing lifestyle in the clinical encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiki Celine Midthassel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne Helen Hansen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- * E-mail: ,
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The Impact of the Filipino Plate Method versus Standard Nutrition Education on Food Group Proportions and 2-hour Postprandial Blood Glucose for Type 2 Diabetes. J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc 2021; 36:142-148. [PMID: 34966197 PMCID: PMC8666498 DOI: 10.15605/jafes.036.02.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To compare the efficacy of the Filipino plate method against standard nutrition education in the selection of food group proportions and in reducing 2-hour postprandial blood glucose levels (2h-PPG) among patients with type 2 diabetes. Methodology This randomized, open-label trial assigned 148 subjects with type 2 diabetes to receive nutrition education using either the Filipino plate method or standard nutrition education, as recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA). The subjects were given meals before and three days after the intervention, at which time the contents of their plate were scored based on food group proportions. After the meal, 2h-PPG levels were obtained. Pre- and post-intervention plate scores and 2h-PPG were compared in both groups. Results Plate scores were significantly increased from pre to post-teaching for both groups (p value <0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in post-teaching scores between the two modes of nutrition education (Filipino plate method median score 8/9 vs standard nutrition education 7/9, p=0.018). The 2h-PPG results decreased significantly from baseline to post-teaching for both groups (p=0.008). There was no significant difference in the reduction in 2h-PPG between the two groups (p=.741). Conclusion The Filipino plate method was comparable to standard nutrition education in improving food group choices and proportions as well as 2h-PPG in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Kobe EA, Crowley MJ, Jeffreys AS, Yancy WS, Zervakis J, Edelman D, Voils CI, Maciejewski ML, Coffman CJ. Heterogeneity of Treatment Effects Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Elevated Body Mass Index in a Study Comparing Group Medical Visits Focused on Weight Management and Medication Intensification. Med Care 2021; 59:1031-1038. [PMID: 34510104 PMCID: PMC8516740 DOI: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000001642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Illuminating heterogeneity of treatment effect (HTE) within trials is important for identifying target populations for implementation. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine HTE in a trial of group medical visits (GMVs) for patients with type 2 diabetes and elevated body mass index. RESEARCH DESIGN AND MEASURES Participants (n=263) were randomized to GMV-based medication management plus low carbohydrate diet-focused weight management (WM/GMV; n=127) or GMV-based medication management alone (GMV; n=136) for diabetes control. We used QUalitative INteraction Trees, a tree-based clustering method, to identify subgroups with greater improvement in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and weight from either WM/GMV or GMV. Subgroup predictors included 32 baseline demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors. Internal validation was conducted to estimate bias in the range of mean outcome differences between arms. RESULTS QUalitative INteraction Trees analyses indicated that for patients who had not previously attempted weight loss, WM/GMV resulted in better glycemic control than GMV (mean difference in HbA1c improvement=1.48%). For patients who had previously attempted weight loss and had lower cholesterol and blood urea nitrogen, GMV was better than WM/GMV (mean difference in HbA1c improvement=1.51%). No treatment-subgroup effects were identified for weight. Internal validation resulted in moderate corrections in mean HbA1c differences between arms; however, differences remained in the clinically significant range. CONCLUSION This work represents a novel step toward targeting care approaches for patients to maximize benefit based on individual patient characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew J. Crowley
- Durham Veterans Affairs Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Change (ADAPT), Durham, NC
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Amy S. Jeffreys
- Durham Veterans Affairs Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Change (ADAPT), Durham, NC
| | - William S. Yancy
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Durham Veterans Affairs Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Change (ADAPT), Durham, NC
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
- Duke Lifestyle and Weight Management Center, Durham, NC
| | - Jennifer Zervakis
- Durham Veterans Affairs Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Change (ADAPT), Durham, NC
| | - David Edelman
- Durham Veterans Affairs Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Change (ADAPT), Durham, NC
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Corrine I. Voils
- William S Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Matthew L. Maciejewski
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Durham Veterans Affairs Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Change (ADAPT), Durham, NC
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Cynthia J. Coffman
- Durham Veterans Affairs Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Change (ADAPT), Durham, NC
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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16
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Bross R, Genter P, Lu Y, Serpas L, Campa D, Ipp E. Barriers to Healthy Eating and Diabetes Diet Education: Divergent Perspectives of Patients and Their Providers. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2021; 49:658-666. [PMID: 34713743 DOI: 10.1177/10901981211052241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Patients report that adhering to diet is the most challenging aspect of diabetes management. Provision of diet education is often delegated to health care providers, despite a lack of nutrition education and training and limited awareness of environmental and cultural challenges faced by patients. Aim. We examined perceived barriers to diet self-management among low-income minority patients with type 2 diabetes and their health care providers within a single ecosystem, to test whether providers understood patient barriers. Method. We surveyed 149 members of a safety-net clinic (99 patients, 50 providers), using barriers derived from the literature. Binomial logistic regression was applied to investigate relationships between barriers and patients' sociodemographic variables and Pearson's χ2 was used to compare differences in perceived barriers between patients and providers. Results. Providers expressed divergent perceptions of patients' barriers to healthy eating, including more total barriers and little agreement with patients on their relative importance. Largest differences in providers' perceptions of patient barriers included poor motivation, high use of fast food, inadequate family support, and lack of cooking skills-all suggesting patient inadequacy. In contrast, patients showed evidence of high motivation-in rate of blood glucose measurement and desire for diet education. Patients identified primary care providers as a main source of nutrition education, yet providers indicated lack of time for diet discussion and preferred other staff do the teaching. Conclusion. The findings from this study strongly suggest that health systems need to consider patient, provider, and system barriers when implementing nutrition education and management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle Bross
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA
| | - Pauline Genter
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA
| | - Yang Lu
- California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Lilian Serpas
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA
| | - David Campa
- Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eli Ipp
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA
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Rubin D, Bosy-Westphal A, Kabisch S, Kronsbein P, Simon MC, Tombek A, Weber K, Skurk T. Empfehlungen zur Ernährung von Personen mit Typ-1-Diabetes mellitus. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1515-8766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rubin
- Vivantes Klinikum Spandau, Berlin
- Vivantes Humboldt Klinikum, Berlin
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Institut für Humanernährung, Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel
| | - Stefan Kabisch
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), München
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Technische Universität München, Freising
| | - Peter Kronsbein
- Fachbereich Oecotrophologie, Hochschule Niederrhein, Campus Mönchengladbach
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- Institut für Ernährungs- und Lebensmittelwissenschaften, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn
| | | | - Katharina Weber
- Institut für Epidemiologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel
| | - Thomas Skurk
- ZIEL – Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, München
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Technische Universität München, Freising
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18
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Lee HY, Jung ES, Yun Y, Lee SY. A Case Report of Add-On Traditional Korean Medical Treatments in a Patient with Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Conventional Oral Hypoglycemic Agents. THE JOURNAL OF INTERNAL KOREAN MEDICINE 2021; 42:718-726. [DOI: 10.22246/jikm.2021.42.4.718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
This study presents a case of add-on traditional Korean medical treatments in a 77-year-old male patient with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus with conventional oral hypoglycemic agents. Chief complaints were uncontrolled glucose level and weight loss. The patient was treated with electroacupuncture (on ST36, CV4, and CV12), herbal medication, and lifestyle advice. The conventional oral hypoglycemic medications were maintained. After 12 weeks, the glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) decreased from 11.0% to 8.4%. There were significant abnormalities in the liver function and renal function tests, but no adverse event was reported. Further studies are needed to confirm the findings of this case.
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19
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Rising KL, Kemp M, Davidson P, Hollander JE, Jabbour S, Jutkowitz E, Leiby BE, Marco C, McElwee I, Mills G, Pizzi L, Powell RE, Chang AM. Assessing the impact of medically tailored meals and medical nutrition therapy on type 2 diabetes: Protocol for Project MiNT. Contemp Clin Trials 2021; 108:106511. [PMID: 34314856 PMCID: PMC8453110 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2021.106511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has shown that among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, reduction in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) prevents long term complications. Medically tailored meals (MTM) and telehealth-delivered medical nutrition therapy (tele-MNT) are promising strategies for patient-centered diabetes care. OBJECTIVES Project MiNT will determine whether provision of MTM with and without the addition of telehealth-delivered medical nutrition therapy improves HbA1c and is cost effective for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS Patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (HbA1c >8%) will be recruited from Jefferson Health. Eligible patients will be randomized to one of three arms: 1) usual care, 2) 12 weeks of home-delivered MTM, or 3) MTM + 12 months of tele-MNT. All participants (n = 600) will complete three follow-up assessments at 3, 6, and 12 months. The primary outcome is change in HbA1c at 6 months. Secondary outcomes include change in HbA1c at 3 and 12 months and cost-effectiveness of the intervention at 6 and 12 months. Conclusion Findings from Project MiNT will inform MTM coverage and financing decisions, how to structure services for scalability and system-wide integration, and the role of these services in reducing health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin L Rising
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Suite 300, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Center for Connected Care, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut St, Suite 704, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; College of Nursing, Thomas Jefferson University, 901 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Mackenzie Kemp
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Suite 300, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Center for Connected Care, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut St, Suite 704, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Patricia Davidson
- College of Health Sciences, Nutrition Department, West Chester University, 855 South New Street, West Chester, PA 19383, USA
| | - Judd E Hollander
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Suite 300, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Center for Connected Care, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut St, Suite 704, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Serge Jabbour
- Department of Endocrinology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 211 S 9(th) St, Unit 600, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Eric Jutkowitz
- Department of Health Services, Policy & Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Providence Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, 830 Chalkstone Avenue, Providence, RI 02908, USA
| | - Benjamin E Leiby
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Chestnut Street, Suite 401, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Cheryl Marco
- Department of Endocrinology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 211 S 9(th) St, Unit 600, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ian McElwee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Suite 300, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Geoffrey Mills
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Suite 401, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Laura Pizzi
- Center for Health Outcomes, Policy, & Economics, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Rhea E Powell
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 833 Chestnut Street, Suite 701, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Mathematica, 600 Alexander Park, Suite 100, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Anna Marie Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Suite 300, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Center for Connected Care, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut St, Suite 704, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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20
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Kim J, Hur MH. The Effects of Dietary Education Interventions on Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168439. [PMID: 34444187 PMCID: PMC8393495 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As the incidence and prevalence of diabetes increases, intervention through dietary education is becoming more important for diabetes control. This systematic review examines the evidence for the efficacy of dietary education interventions on diabetes control. The study subjects were patients with type 2 diabetes, and the main outcome variable was glycosylated hemoglobin level (HbA1c). The target studies were randomized controlled trials. Thirty-six studies were included in the analysis, of which 33 were included in the meta-analysis. The effect size between dietary education and general interventions was -0.42 (n = 5639, MD = -0.42; 95% CI -0.53 to -0.31) and was significantly different (Z = 7.73, p < 0.001). When subgroup analyses were performed following the application periods, intervention methods, and intervention contents, the mean differences in 4-6-month application, individual education, and diet-exercise-psychosocial intervention were -0.51, (n = 2742, 95% CI -0.71 to -0.32), -0.63 (n = 627, 95% CI -1.00 to -0.26), and -0.51 (n = 3244, 95% CI -0.71 to -0.32), respectively. Dietary education interventions provided for at least 3 months were highly effective in controlling HbA1c levels. Regarding the education method, individualized education was more effective, and contact or non-contact education may be applied for this. Combining diet, exercise, and psychosocial intervention is more effective than diet education alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri Kim
- Department of Nursing, University of Kyungmin, 545 Seobu-ro, Uijeongbu-si 11618, Korea;
| | - Myung-Haeng Hur
- College of Nursing, Eulji University, 712 Dongil-ro, Uijeongbu-si 11759, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-951-3868
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21
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Dimitriades ME, Pillay K. Dietary management practices for type 1 diabetes mellitus by dietitians in KwaZulu-Natal. Health SA 2021; 26:1506. [PMID: 33936786 PMCID: PMC8063549 DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v26i0.1506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In South Africa, 5% – 15% of diabetics have type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Dietitians are an important part of the diabetes management team; however, there is a lack of published data on the dietary management practices for T1DM by dietitians. Aim The aim of this study was to determine the dietary management practices for T1DM by dietitians in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). Setting This study was conducted in KZN. Methods A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted using a self-administered electronic questionnaire. Results Of the 69 dietitians who participated, 58% (n = 40) used the American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines to manage T1DM; just under 35% (n = 24) spent over an hour with new cases; and 87% (n = 60) used face-to-face consultations for follow-up. Dietitians used the glycaemic index, portion control using the healthy eating plate, carbohydrate counting using nutritional labels and household measures and carbohydrate awareness to manage T1DM (p < 0.05). Dietitians also used the healthy eating plate (71%; n = 49) (p < 0.05) and household measures (73.9%; n = 51) (p < 0.05) to manage T1DM. Time constraints, the literacy level of the patient, available resources and language barriers all played a role in determining the dietary management practices used (p < 0.05). Conclusion Most dietitians in KZN used the ADA dietary guidelines to manage T1DM, which highlights the need for South African dietary guidelines for the management of T1DM. Dietitians used a variety of different dietary methods to manage T1DM in practice. This suggests that dietitians are flexible in how they manage T1DM with no one particular method being used. A variety of factors also influenced which dietary management practices were chosen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Dimitriades
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Kirthee Pillay
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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22
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Rubin D, Bosy-Westphal A, Kabisch S, Kronsbein P, Simon MC, Tombek A, Weber KS, Skurk T. Nutritional Recommendations for People with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2020; 129:S27-S43. [PMID: 33374025 DOI: 10.1055/a-1284-6036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rubin
- Vivantes Hospital Spandau, Berlin, Germany.,Vivantes Humboldt Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Nutritional Sciences, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Kabisch
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Kronsbein
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Campus Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Katharina S Weber
- Institute for Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Skurk
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Sharma A, Mittal S, Aggarwal R, Chauhan MK. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: inter-relation of risk factors and treatment. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00151-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The diabetes mellitus prevalence is still advancing and increasingly becoming one of the globally most severe and expensive chronic illnesses. The strong correlation between diabetes as well as the most prominent reason for diabetes and death in diabetic patients is cardiovascular disorders. Health conditions like dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, and other factors of risk like the risk of cardiovascular are frequent in diabetic persons and raise the likelihood of heart attacks.
Main text
In particular, several researchers have found diabetes mellitus-related biochemical pathways that raise the likelihood of cardiovascular disorder in people with diabetes individually. This review describes diabetes-cardiovascular disorder relationships, explores potential therapeutic mechanisms, addresses existing treatment, care, and describes the directions for the future for study.
Conclusion
Thus, in individuals with diabetes, it is important to concentrate on cardiovascular threat variables to reduce the illness’s lasting cardiovascular complications. Further work to enhance knowledge of the disease state and its impact on cardiovascular function is required to boost medical treatment and cardiovascular disorders result in people with diabetes.
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Lin C, Cai X, Yang W, Lv F, Nie L, Ji L. Age, sex, disease severity, and disease duration difference in placebo response: implications from a meta-analysis of diabetes mellitus. BMC Med 2020; 18:322. [PMID: 33190640 PMCID: PMC7667845 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01787-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The placebo response in patients with diabetes mellitus is very common. A systematic evaluation needs to be updated with the current evidence about the placebo response in diabetes mellitus and the associated factors in clinical trials of anti-diabetic medicine. METHODS Literature research was conducted in Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov for studies published between the date of inception and June 2019. Randomized placebo-controlled trials conducted in type 1and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM/T2DM) were included. Random-effects model and meta-regression analysis were accordingly used. This meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO as CRD42014009373. RESULTS Significantly weight elevation (effect size (ES) = 0.33 kg, 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.61 kg) was observed in patients with placebo treatments in T1DM subgroup while significantly HbA1c reduction (ES = - 0.12%, 95% CI, - 0.16 to - 0.07%) and weight reduction (ES = - 0.40 kg, 95% CI, - 0.50 to - 0.29 kg) were observed in patients with placebo treatments in T2DM subgroup. Greater HbA1c reduction was observed in patients with injectable placebo treatments (ES = - 0.22%, 95% CI, - 0.32 to - 0.11%) versus oral types (ES = - 0.09%, 95% CI, - 0.14 to - 0.04%) in T2DM (P = 0.03). Older age (β = - 0.01, 95% CI, - 0.02 to - 0.01, P < 0.01) and longer diabetes duration (β = - 0.02, 95% CI, - 0.03 to - 0.21 × 10-2, P = 0.03) was significantly associated with more HbA1c reduction by placebo in T1DM. However, younger age (β = 0.02, 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.03, P = 0.01), lower male percentage (β = 0.01, 95% CI, 0.22 × 10-2, 0.01, P < 0.01), higher baseline BMI (β = - 0.02, 95% CI, - 0.04 to - 0.26 × 10-2, P = 0.02), and higher baseline HbA1c (β = - 0.09, 95% CI, - 0.16 to - 0.01, P = 0.02) were significantly associated with more HbA1c reduction by placebo in T2DM. Shorter diabetes duration (β = 0.06, 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.10, P < 0.01) was significantly associated with more weight reduction by placebo in T2DM. However, the associations between baseline BMI, baseline HbA1c, and placebo response were insignificant after the adjusted analyses. CONCLUSION The placebo response in diabetes mellitus was systematically outlined. Age, sex, disease severity (indirectly reflected by baseline BMI and baseline HbA1c), and disease duration were associated with placebo response in diabetes mellitus. The association between baseline BMI, baseline HbA1c, and placebo response may be the result of regression to the mean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiaoling Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Wenjia Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Fang Lv
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Lin Nie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beijing Airport Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Linong Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.
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25
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Benioudakis ES, Georgiou ED, Barouxi ED, Armagos AM, Koutsoumani V, Anastasiou-Veneti F, Koutsoumani E, Brokalaki M. The diabetes quality of life brief clinical inventory in combination with the management strategies in type 1 diabetes mellitus with or without the use of insulin pump. Diabetol Int 2020; 12:217-228. [PMID: 33786276 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-020-00477-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Aims The aims of this study are to evaluate any differences in the Quality of life among Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (CSII) and Multiple Dose Injection (MDI) insulin delivery, applying the Diabetes Quality of life Brief Clinical Inventory (DQoL-BCI) questionnaire, and assess the diabetes management strategies between the two groups. Methods One hundred and ten adult participants (male/female ratio 1:2.7) with type 1 diabetes were recruited in this online survey. Forty-eight of them were using CSII and the rest 62 (were using) MDI insulin delivery. A 23-item socio-demographic/diabetes management strategies questionnaire and the 15-item DQoL-BCI were administered. Results CSII users scored statistically, significantly better at the satisfaction treatment subscale (p = 0.032) of the DQoL-BCI and emerged that they were implemented more management strategies such as dietician guidance services (p = 0.002), carbohydrate education seminars (p = 0.03). Predictive factors were also detected regarding the HbA1c < 7% (53 mmol/mol) and β-coefficients in relation to DQoL-BCI questionnaire with the subscales of a negative impact and satisfaction treatment. Conclusion Diabetes self-management education plays a key role to a better compliance with the treatment. Client-centered multidisciplinary centers in T1DM education are essential so that they be applicable for all T1DM patients irrespective of the type of insulin delivery they used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil S Benioudakis
- Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Rethimno, Greece.,Psychiatric Clinic, General Hospital of Chania, Chania, Greece
| | - Evangelos D Georgiou
- Statistical Methods in Medicine and Pharmacy, Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece.,Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus Centre for Field Studies, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Athanasios M Armagos
- Health Psychology, University of Crete, Rethimno, Greece.,Psychiatric Clinic, Naval Hospital of Athens (NNA), Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Maria Brokalaki
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Sitia, Greece
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26
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Rubin D, Bosy-Westphal A, Kabisch S, Kronsbein P, Simon MC, Tombek A, Weber K, Skurk T. Empfehlungen zur Ernährung von Personen mit Typ-1-Diabetes mellitus. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1245-5623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rubin
- Vivantes Klinikum Spandau, Berlin
- Vivantes Humboldt Klinikum, Berlin
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Institut für Humanernährung, Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel
| | - Stefan Kabisch
- Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Potsdam
| | - Peter Kronsbein
- Fachbereich Oecotrophologie, Hochschule Niederrhein, Campus Mönchengladbach
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- Institut für Ernährungs- und Lebensmittelwissenschaften, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn
| | | | - Katharina Weber
- Institut für Epidemiologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel
| | - Thomas Skurk
- ZIEL – Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, München
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27
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Jafar Z, Valero-Elizondo J, Saeed GJ, Acquah I, Yahya T, Mahajan S, Mszar R, Khan SU, Caínzos-Achirica M, Nasir K. Association of cardiovascular risk profile with healthcare expenditure and resource utilization in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, with and without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Am J Prev Cardiol 2020; 3:100084. [PMID: 34327464 PMCID: PMC8315593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2020.100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are among the leading causes of morbidity, mortality, and economic burden in the United States (US). While previous reports have shown that an optimal cardiovascular risk factor (CRF) profile is associated with improved outcomes among COPD patients, the impact of ASCVD and CRF on healthcare costs and resource utilization is not well described. Methods The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) database was used from 2011 to 2016 to study healthcare expenditure for COPD patients with and without ASCVD and across CRF profiles in a nationally representative population of adults in the United States. Results The study population consisted of 14,807 adults with COPD, representing 28 million cases annually. Presence of ASCVD was associated with higher reported expenditure across the spectrum of CRF profiles among those with COPD. On average, after adjusting for confounders, presence of ASCVD represented a mean difference per capita of $5438 (95% CI $4121 - $6754; p < 0.001). Mean per capita expenditures were significantly higher comparing poor vs optimal CRF profiles, with marginal expenditures of $8552 and $6531 among those with and without ASCVD, respectively. When comparing individuals with ASCVD and poor CRF profile versus individuals without ASCVD and optimal CRF profile, those in the latter group used 13% fewer prescription medications and required 24% fewer hospitalizations. Furthermore, an optimal CRF profile was associated with lower odds of most sources of healthcare utilization regardless of ASCVD status. Conclusion An absence of ASCVD and a favorable CRF profile was associated with lower healthcare expenditure and resource utilization among patients with COPD. These results provide robust estimates for potential healthcare savings as preemptive strategies continue to become integrated into new healthcare delivery models, for increased awareness and the need for improvement of CRF profiles among high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Jafar
- Horace Greeley High School, Chappaqua, NY, USA
| | - Javier Valero-Elizondo
- Division of Cardiovascular Prevention & Wellness, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gul Jana Saeed
- Center for Sleep and Cardiovascular Outcomes Research, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Isaac Acquah
- Division of Cardiovascular Prevention & Wellness, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tamer Yahya
- Division of Cardiovascular Prevention & Wellness, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shiwani Mahajan
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Reed Mszar
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Safi U Khan
- Department of Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Miguel Caínzos-Achirica
- Division of Cardiovascular Prevention & Wellness, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Khurram Nasir
- Division of Cardiovascular Prevention & Wellness, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Outcomes Research, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Adverse effects of honey on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and adiponectin concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled cross-over trial. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:373-380. [PMID: 32550188 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00518-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Due to phenolic and fructose content, honey may be a suitable sweetener for patients with type 2 diabetes. However, its effect on oxidative and inflammatory status of diabetes patients is not clear. We aimed to investigate the effect of natural honey on some of oxidative, inflammatory, and anti-inflammatory markers of patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods In a randomized controlled cross-over trial, 43 patients with type 2 diabetes were allocated to isocaloric conditions with either dietary recommendations (control) or natural honey (50 g/day) plus dietary recommendations (honey) for 8 weeks with one month washout period in between. Serum lipids, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and adiponectin levels were measured at baseline and the end of each sequence. Results Malondialdehyde (10.9%, P = 0.01), hs-C reactive protein (10.6%, P = 0.003), and adiponectin (7.1%, P < 0.001) concentrations significantly decreased in honey condition. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (16.8%, P < 0.001) significantly decreased in control and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) significantly increased in both conditions. Between-group differences were only statistically significant for adiponectin (P = 0.005) and LDL-C (P = 0.005). Conclusions Consumption of 50 g/day honey had adverse effects on LDL-C and adiponectin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Honey may need to be consumed with caution in type 2 diabetes patients.
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29
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Ahmedani MY, Siddique M. Assessing the awareness and care of people with diabetes related to Ramadan fasting; a-cross sectional study from Pakistan. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:29-36. [PMID: 32550153 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-019-00471-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Aim To assess the awareness level and care of people with diabetes related to Ramadan fasting across the country. Methodology This cross-sectional survey was conducted by Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, between November 2016 to March 2017, using convenient sampling. The physicians involved in the care of people with diabetes were invited to participate. A preformed validated questionnaire was used to conduct face to face interview on one to one basis. Results Altogether 2187 people with diabetes were enrolled. Knowledge related to Ramadan fasting was poor (35.64%), misconceptions were common (57.02%), and unsafe practices (55.62%) were highly prevalent. One third (31.9%) of the subjects did not receive pre-Ramadan education while medications adjustments were not made in nearly half of the study population. Conclusion In this cross-sectional survey, we observed lack of awareness, misconceptions and unsafe practices among fasting people with diabetes across the country. Large scale awareness campaign is needed as comprehensive care is not widely available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yakoob Ahmedani
- Department of Medicine, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Maheen Siddique
- Department of Research, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Turner A, Veysey M, Keely S, Scarlett CJ, Lucock M, Beckett EL. Intense Sweeteners, Taste Receptors and the Gut Microbiome: A Metabolic Health Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4094. [PMID: 32521750 PMCID: PMC7312722 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Intense sweeteners (IS) are often marketed as a healthier alternative to sugars, with the potential to aid in combating the worldwide rise of diabetes and obesity. However, their use has been counterintuitively associated with impaired glucose homeostasis, weight gain and altered gut microbiota. The nature of these associations, and the mechanisms responsible, are yet to be fully elucidated. Differences in their interaction with taste receptors may be a potential explanatory factor. Like sugars, IS stimulate sweet taste receptors, but due to their diverse structures, some are also able to stimulate bitter taste receptors. These receptors are expressed in the oral cavity and extra-orally, including throughout the gastrointestinal tract. They are involved in the modulation of appetite, glucose homeostasis and gut motility. Therefore, taste genotypes resulting in functional receptor changes and altered receptor expression levels may be associated with metabolic conditions. IS and taste receptors may both interact with the gastrointestinal microbiome, and their interactions may potentially explain the relationship between IS use, obesity and metabolic outcomes. While these elements are often studied in isolation, the potential interactions remain unexplored. Here, the current evidence of the relationship between IS use, obesity and metabolic outcomes is presented, and the potential roles for interactions with taste receptors and the gastrointestinal microbiota in modulating these relationships are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria Turner
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah 2258, Australia; (A.T.); (C.J.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Martin Veysey
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah 2258, Australia;
- Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Simon Keely
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia;
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights 2305, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Scarlett
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah 2258, Australia; (A.T.); (C.J.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Mark Lucock
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah 2258, Australia; (A.T.); (C.J.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Emma L. Beckett
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah 2258, Australia; (A.T.); (C.J.S.); (M.L.)
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights 2305, Australia
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Sinclair AJ, Dunning T, Dhatariya K. Clinical guidelines for type 1 diabetes mellitus with an emphasis on older adults: an Executive Summary. Diabet Med 2020; 37:53-70. [PMID: 31498912 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We present a summary of a guideline produced by an international group of experts for managing type 1 diabetes in adults with an emphasis on the special needs of older people with this condition. The rationale for delivering high-quality diabetes care for adults with type 1 diabetes, why it is important to include older people in our considerations, and the key underpinning principles of the guideline are included. The structure of the recommendations given is described and consists of 'general' recommendations followed by 'specific' recommendations according to three categories depending on the characteristics of adults addressed, such as functional level or self-management ability. Recommendations are provided in the areas of: clinical diagnosis, establishing management plans and glucose regulation, diabetes self-management education, nutritional therapy, physical activity, exercise and lifestyle modification, insulin treatments and regimens, use of technology in diabetes management, hypoglycaemia, managing cardiovascular risk, management of microvascular risk, and inpatient management of type 1 diabetes and ketoacidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Sinclair
- Kings College, London, UK
- Foundation for Diabetes Research in Older People, Diabetes Frail Ltd, Luton, UK
| | | | - K Dhatariya
- Elsie Bertram Diabetes Centre, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
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Yancy WS, Crowley MJ, Dar MS, Coffman CJ, Jeffreys AS, Maciejewski ML, Voils CI, Bradley AB, Edelman D. Comparison of Group Medical Visits Combined With Intensive Weight Management vs Group Medical Visits Alone for Glycemia in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Noninferiority Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med 2020; 180:70-79. [PMID: 31682682 PMCID: PMC6830502 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.4802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Traditionally, group medical visits (GMVs) for persons with diabetes improved glycemia by intensifying medications, which infrequently led to weight loss. Incorporating GMVs with intensive dietary change could enable weight loss and improve glycemia while decreasing medication intensity. OBJECTIVE To examine whether a program of GMVs combined with intensive weight management (WM) is noninferior to GMVs alone for change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level at 48 weeks (prespecified margin of 0.5%) and superior to GMVs alone for hypoglycemic events, diabetes medication intensity, and weight loss. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This randomized clinical trial identified via the electronic medical record 2814 outpatients with type 2 diabetes, uncontrolled HbA1c, and body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) of 27 or higher from Veterans Affairs Medical Center clinics in Durham and Greenville, North Carolina. Between January 12, 2015, and May 30, 2017, 263 outpatients started the intervention. INTERVENTIONS Participants randomized to the GMV group (n = 136) received counseling about diabetes-related topics with medication optimization every 4 weeks for 16 weeks, then every 8 weeks (9 visits). Participants randomized to the WM/GMV group (n = 127) received low-carbohydrate diet counseling with baseline medication reduction and subsequent medication optimization every 2 weeks for 16 weeks followed by an abbreviated GMV intervention every 8 weeks (13 visits). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Outcomes included HbA1c level, hypoglycemic events, diabetes medication effect score, and weight at 48 weeks analyzed using hierarchical generalized mixed models to account for clustering within group sessions. RESULTS Among 263 participants (mean [SD] age, 60.7 [8.2] years; 235 [89.4%] men; 143 [54.4%] black), baseline HbA1c level was 9.1% (1.3%) and BMI was 35.3 (5.1). At 48 weeks, HbA1c level was improved in both study arms (8.2% in the WM/GMV arm and 8.3% in the GMV arm; mean difference, -0.1%; 95% CI, -0.5% to 0.2%; upper 95% CI, <0.5% threshold; P = .44). The WM/GMV arm had lower diabetes medication use (mean difference in medication effect score, -0.5; 95% CI, -0.6 to -0.3; P < .001) and greater weight loss (mean difference, -3.7 kg; 95% CI, -5.5 to -1.9 kg; P < .001) than did the GMV arm at 48 weeks and approximately 50% fewer hypoglycemic events (incidence rate ratio, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.71; P < .001) during the 48-week period. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In GMVs for diabetes, addition of WM using a low-carbohydrate diet was noninferior for lowering HbA1c levels compared with conventional medication management and showed advantages in other clinically important outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01973972.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Yancy
- Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Department of Veterans Affairs, Durham, North Carolina.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Diet and Fitness Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Matthew J Crowley
- Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Department of Veterans Affairs, Durham, North Carolina.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Moahad S Dar
- Greenville Health Care Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Greenville, North Carolina.,Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Cynthia J Coffman
- Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Department of Veterans Affairs, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Amy S Jeffreys
- Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Department of Veterans Affairs, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Matthew L Maciejewski
- Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Department of Veterans Affairs, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Corrine I Voils
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison
| | | | - David Edelman
- Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Department of Veterans Affairs, Durham, North Carolina.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Kramer H. Diet and Chronic Kidney Disease. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:S367-S379. [PMID: 31728497 PMCID: PMC6855949 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease affects almost 15% of the US population, and prevalence is anticipated to grow as the population ages and the obesity epidemic continues due to Western dietary practices. The densely caloric Western diet, characterized by high animal protein and low fruit and vegetable content, has fueled the growth of chronic diseases, including chronic kidney disease. The glomerulus or filtering unit of the kidney is very susceptible to barotrauma, and diets high in animal protein impede the glomerulus' ability to protect itself from hemodynamic injury. High animal protein intake combined with low intake of fruits and vegetables also leads to a high net endogenous acid production requiring augmentation of ammonium excretion in order to prevent acidosis. This higher workload of the kidney to maintain a normal serum bicarbonate level may further exacerbate kidney disease progression. This article reviews the potential mechanisms whereby several key characteristics of the typical Western diet may impact kidney disease incidence and progression. Reducing animal protein intake and egg yolk and increasing intake of fruits and vegetables and fiber may prevent or delay end-stage renal disease, but few clinical trials have examined vegetarian diets for management of chronic kidney disease. More research is needed to determine optimal dietary patterns for the prevention of kidney disease and its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Kramer
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Medicine
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Loyola University, Chicago, IL
- Address correspondence to HK (e-mail: )
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Razaz JM, Rahmani J, Varkaneh HK, Thompson J, Clark C, Abdulazeem HM. The health effects of medical nutrition therapy by dietitians in patients with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis: Nutrition therapy and diabetes. Prim Care Diabetes 2019; 13:399-408. [PMID: 31186171 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Intensive lifestyle, dietary interventions and patient education have been recommended as key milestones in to facilitate the management of Diabetes and contain the growing incidence. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the health benefits of medical nutrition therapy among patients with diabetes. DESIGN A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane library from onset up to February 2019 to identify trials investigating the health effect of Medical nutrition (MNT) in patients with diabetes. Random-effects models were used to calculate the effect sizes as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Eleven studies containing 1227 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled results showed a significant reduction in Fasting blood sugar (FBS) (WMD= -8.85mg/dl, 95% CI: -14.41, -3.28), HbA1c (WMD: -0.43%, 95% CI: -0.69, -0.17), weight (WMD: -1.54kg, 95% CI: -2.44, -0.64), Body mass index (BMI) (WMD: -0.34 Kg/m2, 95% CI: -0.52, -0.17), waist circumference (WMD: -2.16cm, 95% CI: -4.09, -0.23), cholesterol (WMD: -4.06mg/dl, 95% CI: -7.31, -0.81), Systolic blood pressure (SBP) (WMD: -7.90mmHg, 95% CI: -13.03, -2.77). Results of meta-regression analysis based on age of participants and duration of intervention were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Patients with diabetes who received medical nutrition therapy showed significant improvements in outcome measures of FBS, HbA1c, weight, BMI, waist circumference, cholesterol, and SBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalaledin Mirzay Razaz
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jamal Rahmani
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Kord Varkaneh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jacqueline Thompson
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom
| | - Cain Clark
- School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, United Kingdom
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Eisenberg A, Crowley MJ, Coffman C, Edelman D. Effect of a group medical clinic for veterans with diabetes on body mass index. Chronic Illn 2019; 15:187-196. [PMID: 29338320 DOI: 10.1177/1742395317753885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective To assess the impact of a group medical clinic designed for patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension on body mass index. Methods Using data from a randomized trial of 239 veterans with type 2 diabetes mellitus, we performed a secondary analysis using analysis of covariance mixed models to explore the effect of a 12-month group medical clinic intervention on change in body mass index vs. usual care. In an exploratory subgroup analysis, we compared change in body mass index between treatment arms stratified by whether patients had >0.5% reduction in hemoglobin A1c at 12 months. Results Baseline body mass index was 33.5 kg/m2. At 12 months, there was no significant difference in change in body mass index between treatment arms (estimate=−0.02, 95% CI −0.51 to 5.05; P = 0.94); body mass index increased by approximately 0.20 points in both groups. There was also no significant difference in change in body mass index between treatment arms by whether or not patients had >0.5% reduction in hemoglobin A1c (estimate=−0.14, 95% CI −1.21 to −0.92; P = 0.79). Discussion Improved glycemic control was not associated with improved body mass index in the group medical clinic intervention. Given their positive effects on other outcomes, group medical clinics for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus may be more beneficial if focus is shifted towards weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adva Eisenberg
- 1 Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
| | - Matthew J Crowley
- 1 Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA.,2 Health Services Research and Development Service, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, USA
| | - Cynthia Coffman
- 2 Health Services Research and Development Service, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, USA.,3 Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
| | - David Edelman
- 1 Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA.,2 Health Services Research and Development Service, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, USA
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36
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Machek SB, Willoughby DS. Non-nutritive Sweeteners: Implications for Consumption in Athletic Populations. Strength Cond J 2019. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hallberg SJ, Dockter NE, Kushner JA, Athinarayanan SJ. Improving the scientific rigour of nutritional recommendations for adults with type 2 diabetes: A comprehensive review of the American Diabetes Association guideline-recommended eating patterns. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019; 21:1769-1779. [PMID: 30941880 PMCID: PMC6767093 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The global rate of type 2 diabetes (T2D) continues to rise. Guidelines that influence the worldwide treatment of this disease are central to changing this trajectory. We sought in this review to evaluate the appropriateness of sources cited in the American Diabetes Association's (ADA) guidelines on eating patterns for T2D management, identify additional relevant sources, and evaluate the evidence. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the evidence behind the ADA's recommendations on eating patterns in the 2018 and 2019 ADA Standards of Care and the 2014 ADA Nutrition Therapy Recommendations for Adults with Diabetes. Additionally, we conducted a comprehensive search to identify any additional studies not included in the cited evidence. To determine appropriateness of inclusion in the guidelines, the following criteria were applied: 1) it was a clinical trial or systematic review/meta-analysis of clinical trials; 2) it involved persons with T2D; 3) one of the study arms followed one of the eating patterns currently recommended; 4) its reported outcomes included glycaemic control; 5) outcomes were reported separately for persons with T2D. RESULTS We found a wide variation in the evidence for each eating pattern. Issues that have hampered the guideline process include: lack of a rigorous literature review, resulting in the omission of pertinent studies; an overreliance on prospective cohort studies; inconsistent standards for evidence; inclusion of studies not on persons with T2D; and bias. CONCLUSIONS The ADA Guidelines recommended eating patterns fall short of rigorous standards of scientific review according to state-of-the-art systematic review and guideline creation practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Hallberg
- Medically Supervised Weight LossIndiana University Health ArnettLafayetteIndiana
- Research Virta HealthSan FranciscoCalifornia
- Department of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndiana
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38
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Abstract
Dietary advice is fundamental to the management of diabetes. Although ideally such advice should be delivered by a state-registered dietitian, it is more usually delivered by other health professionals. The primary focus for those with type 1 diabetes is carbohydrate counting and insulin adjustment and for the majority of people with type 2 diabetes, weight management is key. Patient-centred care is emphasised for the delivery of dietary advice. It is widely recognised that knowledge alone is not sufficient to induce behaviour change and practical approaches to a variety of behavioural interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A Dyson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Diabetes Self-Management Education and Medical Nutrition Therapy: A Multisite Study Documenting the Efficacy of Registered Dietitian Nutritionist Interventions in the Management of Glycemic Control and Diabetic Dyslipidemia through Retrospective Chart Review. J Acad Nutr Diet 2019; 119:449-463. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.06.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wanders AJ, Blom WAM, Zock PL, Geleijnse JM, Brouwer IA, Alssema M. Plant-derived polyunsaturated fatty acids and markers of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled feeding trials. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2019; 7:e000585. [PMID: 30899527 PMCID: PMC6398820 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2018-000585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of plant-derived polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Scopus and PubMed databases were searched until January 2018. Eligible studies were randomized controlled feeding trials that investigated the effects of a diet high in plant-derived PUFA as compared with saturated fatty acids (SFA) or carbohydrates and measured markers of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance as outcomes. Data from 13 relevant studies (19 comparisons of plant-derived PUFA with control) were retrieved. Plant-derived PUFA did not significantly affect fasting glucose (-0.01 mmol/L (95 % CI - 0.06 to 0.03 mmol/L)), but lowered fasting insulin by 2.6 pmol/L (-4.9 to -0.2 pmol/L) and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) by 0.12 units (-0.23 to - 0.01 units). In dose-response analyses, a 5% increase in energy (En%) from PUFA significantly reduced insulin by 5.8 pmol/L (95% CI -10.2 to -1.3 pmol/L), but not glucose (change -0.07, 95% CI -0.17 to 0.04 mmol/L) and HOMA-IR (change - 0.24, 95% CI -0.56 to 0.07 units). In subgroup analyses, studies with higher PUFA dose (upper tertiles) reduced insulin (-6.7, -10.5 to -2.9 pmol/L) and HOMA-IR (-0.28, -0.45 to -0.12 units), but not glucose (-0.09, 95% CI -0.18 to 0.01 mmol/L), as compared with an isocaloric control. Subgroup analyses showed no differences in effects between SFA and carbohydrates as replacement nutrients (p interaction ≥0.05). Evidence from randomized controlled trials indicated that plant-derived PUFA as an isocaloric replacement for SFA or carbohydrates probably reduces fasting insulin and HOMA-IR in populations without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne J Wanders
- Future Health and Wellness, Unilever Research and Development, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy A M Blom
- Future Health and Wellness, Unilever Research and Development, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L Zock
- Future Health and Wellness, Unilever Research and Development, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna M Geleijnse
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg A Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjan Alssema
- Future Health and Wellness, Unilever Research and Development, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Sadeghi F, Salehi S, Kohanmoo A, Akhlaghi M. Effect of Natural Honey on Glycemic Control and Anthropometric Measures of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial. Int J Prev Med 2019; 10:3. [PMID: 30774837 PMCID: PMC6360845 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_109_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to high content of fructose, honey has been introduced as a suitable natural sweetener for patients with type 2 diabetes. We investigated the effect of honey consumption on glycemic control and anthropometric measures of patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods This randomized controlled crossover clinical trial was conducted on 53 patients with type 2 diabetes. The participants were randomly divided into groups of control (weight maintenance diet) or treatment (weight maintenance diet +50 g/day honey) for 8 weeks. After a 4-week washout, the second phase began, in which the role of the groups was interchanged. Blood glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), glucose, insulin, and anthropometric characteristics were measured. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS. Repeated measures of ANOVA were used to test differences within- and between the two conditions. Results Forty-two patients completed the study. HbA1c significantly decreased in control (-0.22%, P = 0.03) and nonsignificantly increased in honey condition (+0.17%, P = 0.22). There was a significant difference between the two conditions (P = 0.02). Fasting glucose did not significantly change in either honey or control condition but insulin concentrations (-0.85 μU/ml, P = 0.01) and insulin secretion (-10.7%, P = 0.01) decreased significantly in the control condition. There was no significant difference in any of these parameters between the two conditions. Waist circumference decreased by honey treatment with a significant difference between the two conditions (P = 0.02). Conclusions Eight weeks consumption of 50 g/day honey increased HbA1c and decreased waist circumference of patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadeghi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saedeh Salehi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Kohanmoo
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Akhlaghi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Li C, Guo P, Okekunle AP, Ji X, Huang M, Qi J, Jiang Y, Feng R, Li R. Lean non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients had comparable total caloric, carbohydrate, protein, fat, iron, sleep duration and overtime work as obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 34:256-262. [PMID: 29949199 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifactorial disease that involves a complex interaction between genetics, diet, and lifestyle. Although closely related with obese subjects, it is also common in lean humans. This study aimed to characterize the diet and lifestyle of lean and obese NAFLD patients in China. METHODS To characterize the diet and lifestyle of lean and obese NAFLD patients, we conducted a matched case-control study that included 351 Chinese adults. General characteristics, dietary intake, and lifestyle were gathered by using a valid and reliable dietary questionnaire. We compared the dietary intake and lifestyle between lean and obese NAFLD patients. RESULTS All NAFLD patients had more total caloric, calorigenic nutrients (carbohydrate, fat, and protein), grain, potato, fruit, and iron with higher levels of waist circumference and overtime work but shorter sleep duration than their corresponding controls. Particularly, lean NAFLD patients consumed comparable total caloric, calorigenic nutrients, iron, sleep duration, and overtime work as obese NAFLD patients, though they consumed lower levels of grain, potato, and fruit (lean NAFLD patients vs. obese NAFLD patients: mean ± SD, g/day grain: 291.8 ± 83.8, 365.2 ± 89.0; potato: 63.5 ± 33.1, 80.4 ± 37.6; fruit: 324.3 ± 148.4, 414.0 ± 220.4; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients had higher total caloric, calorigenic nutrients, grain, potato, fruit, iron, and overtime work but shorter sleep duration. Lean NAFLD patients had comparable total caloric, calorigenic nutrients, iron, sleep duration, and overtime work as obese NAFLD patients. These features could be used to the nutritional education and therapeutic guidance for lean NAFLD patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Panpan Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoning Ji
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jiayue Qi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yongshuai Jiang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Rennan Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Rui Li
- Dalian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
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Adu MD, Malabu UH, Malau-Aduli AEO, Malau-Aduli BS. Users' preferences and design recommendations to promote engagements with mobile apps for diabetes self-management: Multi-national perspectives. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208942. [PMID: 30532235 PMCID: PMC6287843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mobile phone applications (apps) offer motivation and support for self-management of diabetes mellitus (DM), but their use is limited by high attrition due to insufficient consideration of end-users perspectives and usability requirements. This study aimed to examine app usage and feature preferences among people with DM, and explore their recommendations for future inclusions to foster engagement with diabetes apps. Methods The study was conducted internationally on adults with type 1 or type 2 DM using online questionnaire (quantitative) to investigate usage and preferences for app features that support diabetes self-management and semi structured telephone interview (qualitative) to explore suggestions on fostering engagement and specific educational information for inclusion into diabetes apps. Survey and interview data were analysed using descriptive/ inferential statistics and inductive thematic analysis respectively. Results A total of 217 respondents with type 1 DM (38.25%) or type 2 DM (61.8%), from 4 continents (Australia, Europe, Asia and America) participated in the survey. About half of the respondents (48%) use apps, mainly with features for tracking blood glucose (56.6%), blood pressure (51.9%) and food calories (48.1%). Preferred features in future apps include nutrient values of foods (56.7%), blood glucose (54.8%), physical exercise tracker (47%), health data analytics (42.9%) and education on diabetes self-management (40.6%). Irrespective of the type of DM, participants proposed future apps that are user friendly, support healthy eating, provide actionable reminders and consolidate data across peripheral health devices. Participants with type 1 DM recommended customised features with news update on developments in the field of diabetes. Nominated specific educational topics included tips on problem solving, use of insulin pump therapy, signs of diabetes complication and transitioning from paediatric into adult care. Conclusions The study has highlighted patients’ perspectives on essential components for inclusion in diabetes apps to promote engagement and foster better health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary D. Adu
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Usman H. Malabu
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Aduli E. O. Malau-Aduli
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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Kramer H, Jimenez EY, Brommage D, Vassalotti J, Montgomery E, Steiber A, Schofield M. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Patients with Non-Dialysis-Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease: Barriers and Solutions. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018; 118:1958-1965. [PMID: 30076072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ahn HY, Kim M, Seo CR, Yoo HJ, Lee SH, Lee JH. The effects of Jerusalem artichoke and fermented soybean powder mixture supplementation on blood glucose and oxidative stress in subjects with prediabetes or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Nutr Diabetes 2018; 8:42. [PMID: 30026514 PMCID: PMC6053428 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-018-0052-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with a Jerusalem artichoke and fermented soybean powder mixture on blood glucose and oxidative stress levels. SUBJECTS/METHODS This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was conducted on 60 subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. The subjects were randomly assigned to either a group that ingested 40 g of a Jerusalem artichoke and fermented soybean powder mixture (19.45 g each) daily or a group that received a placebo for 12 weeks. Paired t-test and independent t-test were performed for comparisons within groups and between groups, respectively. RESULTS Supplementation with the Jerusalem artichoke and fermented soybean powder mixture reduced the levels of fasting glucose (p < 0.001) and FFAs (p = 0.034), glucose at 60 min (p = 0.004), glucose (p = 0.006) areas under the response curve (AUC), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (p = 0.018), and the urinary 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α (8-epi-PGF2α) level (p = 0.028). The changes (Δ) in urinary 8-epi-PGF2α, glucose at 60 min, 120 min, and AUC, FFAs at 0 min and AUC were significantly different between the two groups. In addition, Δ glucose at 120 min (r = 0.472, p = 0.027) and the Δ glucose AUC (r = 0.572, p = 0.005) were positively correlated with △ plasma malondialdehyde in the test group. CONCLUSIONS The consumption of a Jerusalem artichoke and fermented soybean powder mixture for 12 weeks was effective for reducing postprandial glucose and oxidative stress level, particularly 8-epi-PGF2α, in subjects with IFG, IGT, or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Yeong Ahn
- Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minjoo Kim
- Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cho Rong Seo
- Department of Science for Aging, Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yoo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Lee
- Department of Family Practice, National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Guo W, Nie L, Wang XR, Xu ML, Yang WJ, Gao XY, Cai XL, Ji LN. Comparison of Placebo Effect between Asian and Caucasian Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Meta-Analysis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:1605-1612. [PMID: 29941715 PMCID: PMC6032690 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.235107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Placebo was defined as any therapy that is used for its nonspecific psychological and physiologic effect but has no specific pharmacologic impact on the condition being treated. Besides medication therapies, studies have found that the optimal dietary approach as well as physical activity and education are useful to control hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the placebo effects of antidiabetic therapies in Asian and Caucasian T2DM patients and make a comparison between the two ethnicities. Methods: A search using the MEDLINE database, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database was performed, from when recording began until December 2016. The main concepts searched in English were sulfonylurea (SU); alpha glucosidase inhibitors (AGI); metformin (MET); thiazolidinediones (TZD); dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i); sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i); glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA); type 2 diabetes (T2DM); placebo controlled; and randomized controlled trials. Using the Cochrane instrument, we evaluated the adequacy of randomization, allocation concealment procedures, and blinding. Results: This study included 63 studies with a total of 7096 Asian patients involved and 262 studies with a total of 27,477 Caucasian patients involved. In Caucasian population, the use of placebo led to significant reductions of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), −0.683% (P = 0.008) in SU monotherapy treatment, −0.193% (P = 0.001) in DPP-4i treatment, and −0.230% (P < 0.001) in SGLT2i treatment, respectively. In Asian population, the use of placebo resulted in significant decreases of HbA1c, −0.162% (P = 0.012) in DPP-4i treatment and −0.269% (P = 0.028) in GLP-1RA add-on therapy, respectively. The placebo also significantly reduced body weight. In Caucasian population, placebo use resulted in 0.833 kg (P = 0.006) weight loss by SU treatment and 0.953 kg (P = 0.006) weight loss by GLP-1RA treatment. In Asian population, the placebo led to a weight change of 0.612 kg (P < 0.001) by GLP-1RA analog treatment. The changes of HbA1c and weight due to the placebo effect in other treatments were not significant in both Asian and Caucasian population. Comparisons of the placebo effect on HbA1c change and weight change in each treatment group indicated that no significant difference was found between Asian and Caucasian population. Conclusions: The overall differences of the placebo effect on HbA1c changes as well as on body weight changes were not significant between Asian and Caucasian T2DM patients. The placebo effect on HbA1c changes and weight changes was not associated with baseline age, gender, baseline body mass index, baseline HbA1c, duration of diabetes, or study duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Department of Emergency, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Lin Nie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beijing Airport Hospital, Beijing 101318, China
| | - Xi-Rui Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beijing Airport Hospital, Beijing 101318, China
| | - Mei-Ling Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beijing Airport Hospital, Beijing 101318, China
| | - Wen-Jia Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xue-Ying Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Li-Nong Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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Beretta MV, Bernaud FR, Nascimento C, Steemburgo T, Rodrigues TC. Higher fiber intake is associated with lower blood pressure levels in patients with type 1 diabetes. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2018; 62:47-54. [PMID: 29694634 PMCID: PMC10118680 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective The present investigation sought to evaluate the potential association between dietary fiber intake and blood pressure (BP) in adult patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Subjects and methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in 111 outpatients with T1D from Porto Alegre, Brazil. Patients were predominantly male (56%) and white (88%), with a mean age of 40 ± 10 years, diabetes duration of 18 ± 9 years, BMI 24.8 ± 3.85 kg/m2, and HbA1c 9.0 ± 2.0%. After clinical and laboratory evaluation, dietary intake was evaluated by 3-day weighed-diet records, whose reliability was confirmed by 24-h urinary nitrogen output. Patients were stratified into two groups according to adequacy of fiber intake in relation to American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommendations: below recommended daily intake (< 14g fiber/1000 kcal) or at/above recommended intake (≥ 14g/1000 kcal). Results Patients in the higher fiber intake group exhibited significantly lower systolic (SBP) (115.9 ± 12.2 vs 125.1 ± 25.0 mmHg, p = 0.016) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (72.9 ± 9.2 vs 78.5 ± 9.3 mmHg, p = 0.009), higher energy intake (2164.0 ± 626.0 vs 1632.8 ± 502.0 kcal, p < 0.001), and lower BMI (24.4 ± 3.5 vs 26.2 ± 4.8, p = 0.044). Linear regression modelling, adjusted for age, energy intake, sodium intake, and BMI, indicated that higher fiber intake was associated with lower SBP and DBP levels. No significant between-group differences were observed with regard to duration of diabetes, glycemic control, insulin dosage, or presence of hypertension, nephropathy, or retinopathy. Conclusion We conclude that fiber consumption meeting or exceeding current ADA recommendations is associated with lower SBP and DBP in patients with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mileni Vanti Beretta
- Divisão de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Fernanda R Bernaud
- Divisão de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Ciglea Nascimento
- Divisão de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Thais Steemburgo
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Ticiana C Rodrigues
- Divisão de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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Liu Y, Qiu J, Yue Y, Li K, Ren G. Dietary black-grained wheat intake improves glycemic control and inflammatory profile in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2018; 14:247-256. [PMID: 29491712 PMCID: PMC5815480 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s151424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although black-grained wheat (BGW) is recognized as a nutritional food for humans in China, it has yet to be utilized well for industrial applications, which can be attributed to the limited research data available on its health benefits. Thus, the hypothesis was tested that a daily substitution of BGW for a partial staple food would improve glycemia and inflammatory profile of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients by a randomized controlled trial. Materials and methods A total of 120 patients were randomly divided between control group (diet control and nutritional education) and BGW group (daily substitution of BGW for a partial staple food). Results Based on the significant difference between BGW and control groups (P<0.05), the primary outcomes were that BGW treatment in diet resulted in a significant lowering of glycated albumin (GA, 18.05 to 16.06 mmol/L) level in T2DM patients after a 5-week intervention, and this treatment regimen was much more efficient than the strategy of diet control alone. In addition, BGW supplementation prevented the increase in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 induced by T2DM. There were no significant differences in blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin or insulin levels between the 2 groups. The subgroup analyses of the BGW daily intake showed that, except the TNF-α, significant improvements in GA and IL-6 were observed when the BGW intake dose was >69 g/day. Conclusion These findings support the hypothesis that BGW may improve glycemia and the inflammatory profile in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing
| | - Ju Qiu
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing
| | - Yanfen Yue
- Department of Nutrition, Pinggu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Nutrition, Pinggu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing
| | - Guixing Ren
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Beverly EA, Ritholz MD, Wray LA, Chiu CJ, Suhl E. Understanding the Meaning of Food in People With Type 2 Diabetes Living in Northern Appalachia. Diabetes Spectr 2018; 31:14-24. [PMID: 29456422 PMCID: PMC5813303 DOI: 10.2337/ds16-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Food and eating convey memories and feelings and serve important functions in creating and maintaining relationships. Given the increasing rate of diabetes in the United States, research understanding the meaning of food may shed light on how patients negotiate everyday food choices while managing type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the meaning of food among adults with type 2 diabetes living in Northern Appalachia. METHODS In-depth, face-to-face interviews were conducted with type 2 diabetes patients. Interviews were coded and analyzed via thematic analysis. RESULTS Nineteen adults with type 2 diabetes (mean age 68.7 ± 10.6 years, mean A1C 7.4 ± 1.4%, mean diabetes duration 10.9 ± 11.9 years, 52.6% female, 100% white) participated in the study. Qualitative analysis revealed three themes: 1) "Sustaining Life:" Food and the Demands of Diabetes Management, in which participants described the role of food as operational and said that eating was dictated by time rather than hunger or pleasure; 2) "Diabetes Feels Like a Yield Sign:" Diabetes Changes Perceptions of Food, Enjoyment, and Social Relationships, in which most participants described a negative or ambivalent relationship with food after their diabetes diagnosis; and 3) "Food is Everywhere; It's Seducing:" Struggling With Diabetes Management in a Fast-Food Culture, in which participants discussed how the American fast-food culture was in direct conflict with the demands of diabetes and described how they struggled to follow a healthful diet in a culture that advertised the opposite in many venues. CONCLUSION Adults with diabetes may benefit from education that addresses both the personal and sociocultural factors that guide food choices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ching-Ju Chiu
- Institute of Gerontology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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50
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Chester B, Stanely WG, Geetha T. Quick guide to type 2 diabetes self-management education: creating an interdisciplinary diabetes management team. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2018; 11:641-645. [PMID: 30410376 PMCID: PMC6199222 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s178556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease that requires several daily self-management decisions and complex care activities. Clinical management of diabetes and teaching patients diabetes self-management skills are necessary for optimal type 2 diabetes control. Diabetes self-management education (DSME) and support require time and resources. While there is a plethora of education material for health care professionals to use, very few guides compile the information in a practical way to relay the information to the patient. This quick guide to DSME has been developed to give physicians and their staff the tools to teach basic type 2 diabetes self-management skills in three 15-minute clinic visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittannie Chester
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA,
| | | | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA,
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA,
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