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Colton E, Connors M, Mahlberg J, Verdejo-Garcia A. Episodic future thinking improves intertemporal choice and food choice in individuals with higher weight: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13801. [PMID: 39095999 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Episodic future thinking (EFT) strengthens self-regulation abilities by increasing the perceived value of long-term reinforcements and reducing impulsive choice in delay discounting tasks. As such, EFT interventions have the potential to improve dietary and eating-related decision-making in individuals with obesity or binge eating symptoms, conditions associated with elevated delay discounting. Here, we meta-analyzed evidence from 12 studies that assessed whether EFT interventions improve delay discounting and real-world food choice compared to control interventions. Included studies involved 951 adults with overweight or obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥25). There were no studies involving participants with binge eating disorder. EFT intervention pooled effects were significant, improving delay discounting with a medium effect, g = 0.55, p < 0.0001, and subsequent food choice outcomes with a small effect, g = 0.31, p < 0.01. Notably, our review is the first to analyze mechanisms of effect in this population, demonstrating that improvements were greater when temporal horizons of EFT episodes were aligned with delay discounting tasks and more distant horizons predicted far-transfer to subsequent dietary and eating-related choices. Our findings thus show that EFT is an effective intervention for individuals with higher weight at risk of adverse health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Colton
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mia Connors
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Justin Mahlberg
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Donahue ML, Willis-Moore ME, Petersen JM, Odum AL, Levin ME, Hannah JN, Lensegrav-Benson T, Quakenbush B, Twohig MP. An exploratory examination of delay discounting in women and girls diagnosed with an eating disorder. Eat Disord 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39016710 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2024.2379125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Those with eating disorders (EDs) characterized by purging behaviors tend to show more impulsivity than those diagnosed with restrictive eating, who tend to show more compulsivity. Impulsive choice (i.e. a type of impulsivity) is a common factor among eating disorders that is less understood. Delay discounting is a measure of choice impulsivity, examining the decrease in value of delayed outcomes. In this exploratory study, we examined associations between eating disorder type, age and delay discounting among patients at a residential ED treatment center (N = 178). Our findings showed that those diagnosed with bulimia nervosa had higher delay discounting (i.e. more impulsivity) at intake compared to anorexia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and other eating types but there were no significant differences. Those diagnosed with bulimia nervosa, as well as those with ARFID and unspecified ED showed a preference for delayed rewards at discharge, but there were no significant differences among ED types. Moderation analyses showed that age, ED type, nor the interaction did not significantly predict delay discounting at intake or discharge. To conclude, those with bulimia nervosa demonstrate less impulsive choice at discharge from a residential ED treatment center. However, additional research is needed given the variability of sample sizes in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julie M Petersen
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Amy L Odum
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Michael E Levin
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael P Twohig
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
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3
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Camacho-Barcia L, Giel KE, Jiménez-Murcia S, Álvarez Pitti J, Micali N, Lucas I, Miranda-Olivos R, Munguia L, Tena-Sempere M, Zipfel S, Fernández-Aranda F. Eating disorders and obesity: bridging clinical, neurobiological, and therapeutic perspectives. Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:361-379. [PMID: 38485648 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) and obesity are complex health conditions sharing various risk and maintenance factors, intensified in cases of comorbidity. This review explores the similarities and connections between these conditions, examining different facets from a multidisciplinary perspective, among them comorbidities, metabolic and psychological factors, neurobiological aspects, and management and therapy implications. We aim to investigate the common characteristics and complexities of weight and EDs and explore their interrelationships in individuals who experience both. The rising prevalence of EDs in people with obesity necessitates integrated approaches to study this comorbidity and to identify and analyze both common and distinct features of these conditions. This review may offer new opportunities for simultaneous prevention and management approaches, as well as future lines of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Camacho-Barcia
- Clinical Psychology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Katrin Elisabeth Giel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Centre of Excellence for Eating Disorders (KOMET), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Germany
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Clinical Psychology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Álvarez Pitti
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Department, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Innovation in Paediatrics and Technologies-iPEDITEC- research group, Research Foundation, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nadia Micali
- Eating Disorders Research Unit, Psychiatric Centre Ballerup, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK; Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Psychiatric Center Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ignacio Lucas
- Clinical Psychology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Romina Miranda-Olivos
- Clinical Psychology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucero Munguia
- Clinical Psychology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Centre of Excellence for Eating Disorders (KOMET), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Germany
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Clinical Psychology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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4
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Forester G, Schaefer LM, Johnson JS, Amponsah T, Dvorak RD, Wonderlich SA. Neurocognitive reward processes measured via event-related potentials are associated with binge-eating disorder diagnosis and ecologically-assessed behavior. Appetite 2024; 193:107151. [PMID: 38061612 PMCID: PMC10872539 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
Altered reward processing has been implicated in the onset and maintenance of binge-eating disorder (BED). However, it is unclear which precise neurocognitive reward processes may contribute to BED. In the present study, 40 individuals with BED and 40 age-, sex-, and BMI-matched controls completed a reward (incentive delay) task while their neural activity was recorded using electroencephalography (EEG). Individuals with BED also completed a 10-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol assessing binge-eating behavior in the natural environment. Event-related potential (ERP) analysis of the EEG indicated that individuals with BED had stronger anticipatory (CNV) and outcome-related (RewP) neural reward activity to food and monetary rewards, compared to controls. However, within the BED group, greater frequency of binge eating during the EMA protocol was associated with stronger anticipatory (CNV) but weaker outcome-related (RewP) neural reward activity. These associations within the BED group were unique to food, and not monetary, rewards. Although preliminary, these results suggest that both anticipatory ("wanting") and outcome ("liking") reward processes may be generally amplified in BED. However, they also suggest that among individuals with BED, disorder severity may be associated with increased anticipatory reward processes ("wanting"), but relatively decreased reward-outcome processing ("liking"), of food rewards specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen Forester
- Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research, USA.
| | - Lauren M Schaefer
- Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Johnson
- Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research, USA; Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, USA
| | - Theresah Amponsah
- Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, USA
| | - Robert D Dvorak
- Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, USA
| | - Stephen A Wonderlich
- Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, USA
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5
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Camacho-Barcia L, Lucas I, Miranda-Olivos R, Jiménez-Murcia S, Fernández-Aranda F. Applying psycho-behavioural phenotyping in obesity characterization. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:871-883. [PMID: 37261609 PMCID: PMC10492697 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09810-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Individual differences in obesity, beyond being explained by metabolic and medical complications, are understood by alterations in eating behaviour which underlie psychological processes. From this psychological perspective, studies have identified several potential characteristic features at the psycho-behavioural level that could additionally explain the maintenance of chronic excess weight or the unsuccessful results of current treatments. To date, despite the growing evidence, the heterogeneity of the psychological evidence associated with obesity has made it challenging to generate consensus on whether these psycho-behavioural phenotypes can be a complement to improve outcomes of existing interventions. For this reason, this narrative review is an overview focused on summarizing studies describing the psycho-behavioural phenotypes associated with obesity. Based on the literature, three psychological constructs have emerged: reward dependence, cognitive control, and mood and emotion. We discuss the clinical implications of stratifying and identifying these psycho-behavioural profiles as potential target for interventions which may ensure a better response to treatment in individuals with obesity. Our conclusions pointed out a considerable overlap between these psycho-behavioural phenotypes suggesting bidirectional interactions between them. These findings endorse the complexity of the psycho-behavioural features associated with obesity and reinforce the need to consider them in order to improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Camacho-Barcia
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Lucas
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Romina Miranda-Olivos
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain.
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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6
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de Moraes CEF, Donnelly B, Appolinario JC, Hay P. Obtaining long-term recovery: advances in optimizing treatment outcomes in patients with binge-eating disorder. Expert Rev Neurother 2023; 23:1097-1111. [PMID: 37916419 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2023.2273392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Binge-eating disorder (BED) is a complex and disabling eating disorder (ED) associated with considerable burden and impairments in quality of life and physical/mental health. It has been recognized as a formal ED category since 2013, however BED is still underdetected and undertreated. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of BED as well as the evidence on the efficacy of the existing treatments. The authors searched Scopus, PubMed, ClinicalTrials.Gov, and ANZCTR with terms including 'assessment' OR 'treatment' OR 'diagnosis' OR 'mechanisms' AND 'binge eating' OR 'binge-eating disorder' for manuscripts published between January 2013 and April 2023. EXPERT OPINION Most of the trials on treatments of BED have been in people of high weight with weight loss as an outcome. Nevertheless, less is known about the treatment of this condition in people with body mass index (BMI) within the normal range where weight stabilization may be a more appropriate goal. Moreover, there is a need for an enhanced appreciation of the role of combination treatment to improve overall outcomes. Also, there are important opportunities for future research in understanding the mechanisms of action and effectiveness of BED treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Ferreira de Moraes
- Obesity and Eating Disorders Group (GOTA), Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brooke Donnelly
- Clinical Psychology Unit, School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Jose Carlos Appolinario
- Obesity and Eating Disorders Group (GOTA), Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Phillipa Hay
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- Mental Health Services, South West Sydney Local Health District (SWSLHD), Campbelltown, Australia
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7
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Caroleo M, Carbone EA, Arcidiacono B, Greco M, Primerano A, Mirabelli M, Fazia G, Rania M, Hribal ML, Gallelli L, Foti DP, De Fazio P, Segura-Garcia C, Brunetti A. Does NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 Influence Eating Behaviors in Obese Patients with Binge Eating Disorder? Toward a Neurobiological Pathway. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020348. [PMID: 36678225 PMCID: PMC9864089 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 is a new anorexigenic neuropeptide involved in the regulation of hunger/satiety, eating, and affective disorders. We aimed to investigate nesfatin-1 secretion in vitro, in murine adipose cells, and in human adipose fat samples, as well as to assess the link between circulating nesfatin-1 levels, NUCB2 and Fat Mass and Obesity Gene (FTO) polymorphisms, BMI, Eating Disorders (EDs), and pathological behaviors. Nesfatin-1 secretion was evaluated both in normoxic fully differentiated 3T3-L1 mouse adipocytes and after incubation under hypoxic conditions for 24 h. Omental Visceral Adipose tissue (VAT) specimens of 11 obese subjects, and nesfatin-1 serum levels' evaluation, eating behaviors, NUCB2 rs757081, and FTO rs9939609 polymorphisms of 71 outpatients seeking treatment for EDs with different Body Mass Index (BMI) were studied. Significantly higher levels of nesfatin-1 were detected in hypoxic 3T3-L1 cultured adipocytes compared to normoxic ones. Nesfatin-1 was highly detectable in the VAT of obese compared to normal-weight subjects. Nesfatin-1 serum levels did not vary according to BMI, sex, and EDs diagnosis, but correlations with grazing; emotional, sweet, and binge eating; hyperphagia; social eating; childhood obesity were evident. Obese subjects with CG genotype NUCB2 rs757081 and AT genotype FTO rs9939609 polymorphisms had higher nesfatin-1 levels. It could represent a new biomarker of EDs comorbidity among obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarita Caroleo
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elvira Anna Carbone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Biagio Arcidiacono
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marta Greco
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Maria Mirabelli
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gilda Fazia
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marianna Rania
- University Hospital Mater Domini of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marta Letizia Hribal
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luca Gallelli
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniela Patrizia Foti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Fazio
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Segura-Garcia
- University Hospital Mater Domini of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-096-171-2408; Fax: +39-096-171-2393
| | - Antonio Brunetti
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Neuroanatomical correlates of genetic risk for obesity in children. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:1. [PMID: 36596778 PMCID: PMC9810659 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has a strong genetic component, with up to 20% of variance in body mass index (BMI) being accounted for by common polygenic variation. Most genetic polymorphisms associated with BMI are related to genes expressed in the central nervous system. At the same time, higher BMI is associated with neurocognitive changes. However, the direct link between genetics of obesity and neurobehavioral mechanisms related to weight gain is missing. Here, we use a large sample of participants (n > 4000) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development cohort to investigate how genetic risk for obesity, expressed as polygenic risk score for BMI (BMI-PRS), is related to brain and behavioral measures in adolescents. In a series of analyses, we show that BMI-PRS is related to lower cortical volume and thickness in the frontal and temporal areas, relative to age-expected values. Relatedly, using structural equation modeling, we find that lower overall cortical volume is associated with higher impulsivity, which in turn is related to an increase in BMI 1 year later. In sum, our study shows that obesity might partially stem from genetic risk as expressed in brain changes in the frontal and temporal brain areas, and changes in impulsivity.
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McAdams CJ, Efseroff B, McCoy J, Ford L, Timko CA. Social Processing in Eating Disorders: Neuroimaging Paradigms and Research Domain Organizational Constructs. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2022; 24:777-788. [PMID: 36417153 PMCID: PMC10373941 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-022-01395-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Social and environmental factors have been related to both symptom expression of disordered eating in individuals and changes in the prevalence of eating disorders (EDs) in populations. Neural differences in processing social information may contribute to EDs. This review assesses the evidence for aberrant neural responses during social processing in EDs. RECENT FINDINGS This review examines how constructs within the social processing domain have been evaluated by neuroimaging paradigms in EDs, including communication, affiliation, and understanding of both oneself and others. Differences related to social processing in EDs include altered processing for self-relevant stimuli, in the context of identity, valence, expectations, and affiliative relationships. Future work is needed to integrate how differences in processing social stimuli relate to alterations in cognitive control and reward as well as specific disordered eating symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie J McAdams
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Southwestern Medical School, 6363 Forest Park Rd BL6.204, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Brayden Efseroff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Southwestern Medical School, 6363 Forest Park Rd BL6.204, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jordan McCoy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Southwestern Medical School, 6363 Forest Park Rd BL6.204, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Lauren Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Southwestern Medical School, 6363 Forest Park Rd BL6.204, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - C Alix Timko
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA
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10
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Forester G, Schaefer LM, Dodd DR, Johnson JS. The potential application of event-related potentials to enhance research on reward processes in eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 2022; 55:1484-1495. [PMID: 36214253 PMCID: PMC9633412 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reward-related processes have been posited as key mechanisms underlying the onset and persistence of eating disorders, prompting a growing body of research in this area. Existing studies have primarily utilized self-report, behavioral, and functional magnetic resonance imaging measures to interrogate reward among individuals with eating disorders. However, limitations inherent in each of these methods (e.g., poor temporal resolution) may obscure distinct neurocognitive reward processes, potentially contributing to underdeveloped models of reward dysfunction within eating disorders. The temporal precision of event-related potentials (ERPs), derived from electroencephalography, may thus offer a powerful complementary tool for elucidating the neurocognitive underpinnings of reward. Indeed, a considerable amount of research in other domains of psychopathology (e.g., depression, substance use disorders), as well as studies investigating food reward among non-clinical samples, highlights the utility of ERPs for probing reward processes. However, no study to date has utilized ERPs to directly examine reward functioning in eating disorders. METHODS In this paper, we review evidence underscoring the clinical utility of ERP measures of reward, as well as a variety of reward-related tasks that can be used to elicit specific ERP components with demonstrated relevance to reward processing. We then consider the ways in which these tasks/components may be used to help answer a variety of open questions within the eating disorders literature on reward. RESULTS/DISCUSSION Given the promise of ERP measures of reward to the field of eating disorders, we ultimately hope to spur and guide research in this currently neglected area. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Abnormalities in reward functioning appear to contribute to eating disorders. Event-related potentials (ERPs) offer temporally precise measures of neurocognitive reward processing and thus may be important tools for understanding the relationship between reward and disordered eating. However, research in this area is currently lacking. This paper attempts to facilitate the use of ERPs to study reward among individuals with eating disorders by reviewing the relevant theories and methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren M. Schaefer
- Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences
| | | | - Jeffrey S. Johnson
- Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research
- Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University
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11
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Xu K, Yi P, Liu J, Ren J, Zhang Q, Yu L, Yang Y, Wang Y, Ma L, Zhang Y, Li X. Non-invasive brain stimulation interventions for treating Clinical and Sub-clinical eating disorders: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and nonrandomized studies. Psychiatry Res 2022; 313:114592. [PMID: 35526422 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This meta-analysis examined the effects of noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) for treating eating disorders (EDs), evaluating the difference between repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). We identified 15 studies on EDs, including 9 RCTs (266 participants) and 6 one-arm trials (59 participants). The pooled effect sizes indicated that NIBS plays a positive role in improving the eating symptoms of ED patients. Although its long-term effects need to be further explored, this treatment has the potential to be an important supplement to conventional ED therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Xu
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Medical Psychology, School of Mental Health and Psychological Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei Anhui 230032, China
| | - Pengcheng Yi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Third People's Hospital of Xiangshan County, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiayuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei Anhui 230032, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hefei normal University, Hefei Anhui 230032, China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medical, First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei Anhui 230032, China
| | - Lijun Ma
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Mental Health and Psychological Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Psychology, School of Education, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Medical Psychology, School of Mental Health and Psychological Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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12
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Azevedo EP, Ivan VJ, Friedman JM, Stern SA. Higher-Order Inputs Involved in Appetite Control. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:869-878. [PMID: 34593204 PMCID: PMC9704062 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of the neural control of appetite sheds light on the pathogenesis of eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and obesity. Both diseases are a result of maladaptive eating behaviors (overeating or undereating) and are associated with life-threatening health problems. The fine regulation of appetite involves genetic, physiological, and environmental factors, which are detected and integrated in the brain by specific neuronal populations. For centuries, the hypothalamus has been the center of attention in the scientific community as a key regulator of appetite. The hypothalamus receives and sends axonal projections to several other brain regions that are important for the integration of sensory and emotional information. These connections ensure that appropriate behavioral decisions are made depending on the individual's emotional state and environment. Thus, the mechanisms by which higher-order brain regions integrate exteroceptive information to coordinate feeding is of great importance. In this review, we will focus on the functional and anatomical projections connecting the hypothalamus to the limbic system and higher-order brain centers in the cortex. We will also address the mechanisms by which specific neuronal populations located in higher-order centers regulate appetite and how maladaptive eating behaviors might arise from altered connections among cortical and subcortical areas with the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania P Azevedo
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York.
| | - Violet J Ivan
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Jeffrey M Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York
| | - Sarah A Stern
- Integrative Neural Circuits and Behavior Research Group, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, Florida.
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13
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Donnelly B, Foroughi N, Williams M, Touyz S, Madden S, Kohn M, Clark S, Sachdev P, Peduto A, Caterson I, Russell J, Hay P. Neural Response to Low Energy and High Energy Foods in Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder: A Functional MRI Study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:687849. [PMID: 35529565 PMCID: PMC9070301 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.687849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED) are eating disorders (EDs) characterized by recurrent binge eating (BE) episodes. Overlap exists between ED diagnostic groups, with BE episodes presenting one clinical feature that occurs transdiagnostically. Neuroimaging of the responses of those with BN and BED to disorder-specific stimuli, such as food, is not extensively investigated. Furthermore, to our knowledge, there have been no previous published studies examining the neural response of individuals currently experiencing binge eating, to low energy foods. Our objective was to examine the neural responses to both low energy and high energy food images in three emotive categories (disgust; fear; and happy) in BN and BED participants. Methods Nineteen females with BN (n = 14) or BED (n = 5), comprising the binge eating group (BEG; N = 19), and 19 age-matched healthy control (HC)’s completed thorough clinical assessment prior to functional MRI (fMRI). Neural response to low energy and high energy foods and non-food images was compared between groups using whole-brain exploratory analyses, from which six regions of interest (ROI) were then selected: frontal, occipital, temporal, and parietal lobes; insula and cingulate. Results In response to low energy food images, the BEG demonstrated differential neural responses to all three low energy foods categories (disgust; fear; and happy) compared to HCs. Correlational analyses found a significant association between frequency of binge episodes and diminished temporal lobe and greater occipital lobe response. In response to high energy food images, compared to HC’s, the BEG demonstrated significantly decreased neural activity in response to all high energy food images. The HC’s had significantly greater neural activity in the limbic system, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, frontal lobe, and limbic system in response to high energy food images. Conclusion Results in the low energy food condition indicate that binge frequency may be related to increased aberrant neural responding. Furthermore, differences were found between groups in all ROI’s except the insula. The neural response seen in the BEG to disgust food images may indicate disengagement with this particular stimuli. In the high energy food condition, results demonstrate that neural activity in BN and BED patients may decrease in response to high energy foods, suggesting disengagement with foods that may be more consistent with those consumed during a binge eating episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Donnelly
- Clinical Psychology Unit, School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Peter Beumont Tertiary Eating Disorder Service, Department of Psychiatry, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Nasim Foroughi
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Williams
- Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen Touyz
- Clinical Psychology Unit, School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,InsideOut Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Sloane Madden
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Westmead Campus, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Kohn
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Westmead Campus, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine Unit, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Westmead Campus, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Research Into Adolescents' Health, Westmead Research Foundation, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Clark
- Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine Unit, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Westmead Campus, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Research Into Adolescents' Health, Westmead Research Foundation, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony Peduto
- Department of Radiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Medical Imaging, Charles Perkins Centre, Boden Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian Caterson
- Discipline of Medical Imaging, Charles Perkins Centre, Boden Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Janice Russell
- Peter Beumont Tertiary Eating Disorder Service, Department of Psychiatry, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,InsideOut Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Medical Imaging, Charles Perkins Centre, Boden Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Phillipa Hay
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine, Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
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14
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González-Barriga F, Orduña V. Spontaneously hypertensive rats show higher impulsive action, but equal impulsive choice with both positive and aversive consequences. Behav Brain Res 2022; 427:113858. [PMID: 35339564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Both positive and aversive delayed consequences play an important role in decision making. However, most of research has studied the temporal discounting of the positive consequences, while the study of the aversives is scarce in general and null in some areas. This is the case of research on impulsivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), an animal model of ADHD. To evaluate SHRs' sensitivity to aversive delayed consequences, we employed a choice procedure in which subjects chose between a smaller-amount alternative and a larger-amount alternative plus a shock; when preference for the smaller-amount alternative stabilized, five different delays to the shock were presented with the objective of analyzing the recovery of preference for the larger-amount alternative, which is related to the sensitivity to the delayed aversive consequence. To analyze the sensitivity to delayed positive consequences we employed a procedure that evaluated the preference between a smaller-amount alternative and a larger-amount alternative as a function of the delay to the later. Finally, to evaluate impulsive action we employed a DRL 10s schedule. In all tasks, Wistar rats were evaluated as control strain. The results indicated that choice impulsivity was equivalent between strains, both for positive and for aversive consequences. In contrast, we found a higher level of impulsive action in SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vladimir Orduña
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México.
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15
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Watson D, Levin-Aspenson HF, Waszczuk MA, Conway CC, Dalgleish T, Dretsch MN, Eaton NR, Forbes MK, Forbush KT, Hobbs KA, Michelini G, Nelson BD, Sellbom M, Slade T, South SC, Sunderland M, Waldman I, Witthöft M, Wright AGC, Kotov R, Krueger RF. Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): III. Emotional dysfunction superspectrum. World Psychiatry 2022; 21:26-54. [PMID: 35015357 PMCID: PMC8751579 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a quantitative nosological system that addresses shortcomings of traditional mental disorder diagnoses, including arbitrary boundaries between psychopathology and normality, frequent disorder co-occurrence, substantial heterogeneity within disorders, and diagnostic unreliability over time and across clinicians. This paper reviews evidence on the validity and utility of the internalizing and somatoform spectra of HiTOP, which together provide support for an emotional dysfunction superspectrum. These spectra are composed of homogeneous symptom and maladaptive trait dimensions currently subsumed within multiple diagnostic classes, including depressive, anxiety, trauma-related, eating, bipolar, and somatic symptom disorders, as well as sexual dysfunction and aspects of personality disorders. Dimensions falling within the emotional dysfunction superspectrum are broadly linked to individual differences in negative affect/neuroticism. Extensive evidence establishes that dimensions falling within the superspectrum share genetic diatheses, environmental risk factors, cognitive and affective difficulties, neural substrates and biomarkers, childhood temperamental antecedents, and treatment response. The structure of these validators mirrors the quantitative structure of the superspectrum, with some correlates more specific to internalizing or somatoform conditions, and others common to both, thereby underlining the hierarchical structure of the domain. Compared to traditional diagnoses, the internalizing and somatoform spectra demonstrated substantially improved utility: greater reliability, larger explanatory and predictive power, and greater clinical applicability. Validated measures are currently available to implement the HiTOP system in practice, which can make diagnostic classification more useful, both in research and in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Watson
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
| | | | - Monika A Waszczuk
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Tim Dalgleish
- Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael N Dretsch
- US Army Medical Research Directorate - West, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas R Eaton
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Miriam K Forbes
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kelsie T Forbush
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Kelsey A Hobbs
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Giorgia Michelini
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brady D Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Martin Sellbom
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tim Slade
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan C South
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Irwin Waldman
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael Witthöft
- Department for Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy, and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Aidan G C Wright
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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16
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OXTR Gene DNA Methylation Levels Are Associated with Discounting Behavior with Untrustworthy Proposers. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12010098. [PMID: 35053841 PMCID: PMC8774269 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual differences in temporal and probabilistic discounting are associated with a wide range of life outcomes in literature. Traditional approaches have focused on impulsiveness and cognitive control skills, on goal-oriented personality traits as well as on the psychological perception of time. More recently, literature started to consider the role of social and contextual factors in discounting behavior. Between others, higher generalized trust in human beings and specific trust in people who will deliver the future/probabilistic rewards have been related to a stronger willingness to wait and to assume risk. Moreover, the tendency to trust others has been associated with the oxytocin receptor gene regulation that can be modified by life experiences. In this perspective, we hypothesized that differences in the tendency to wait and to take risks for a more desirable reward according to the proposer’s trustworthiness could be related to a different level of DNA methylation at the oxytocin receptor gene. Findings confirmed that participants are less willing to wait and to risk when the proposer is considered highly untrustworthy and revealed how higher oxytocin receptor gene DNA methylation is associated with a stronger effect due to the presence of an untrustworthy proposer. Limits and future directions are outlined.
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17
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Weinert T, King JA, Böldt L, Gronow F, Roessner V, Ehrlich S. Increased self-reported delay of gratification in acutely underweight, but not remitted anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 2022; 55:135-140. [PMID: 34799878 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Laboratory experiments using delay discounting tasks have delivered some evidence of an increased capacity to delay reward in anorexia nervosa (AN). Overall, however, findings have been inconclusive and no comprehensive studies of self-reported tendency to forgo immediate gratification in favor of long-term rewards exist in AN. METHOD A total of 71 acutely underweight female inpatients with AN (acAN); 52 women long-term weight-recovered from AN (recAN); and 120 healthy control women completed the Delaying Gratification Inventory (DGI). Fifty-two acAN were reassessed after short-term weight rehabilitation. Separate cross-sectional and longitudinal group comparisons tested for differences in DGI subscales (food, physical pleasure, social interaction, money, and achievement) and total scores. RESULTS DGI scores were elevated in acAN even after removing food-related items and accounting for comorbid symptoms. DGI scores remained relatively elevated following short-term weight rehabilitation, but no differences were evident between recAN and HC. DISCUSSION This study delivers self-report evidence supporting the notion of an increased propensity to delay gratification in individuals acutely ill with AN which does not appear to change with partial weight restoration alone. A reduction in the tendency to delay reward may thus be an important cognitive correlate of long-term recovery in AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Weinert
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joseph A King
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Luisa Böldt
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Gronow
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Eating Disorder Research and Treatment Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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18
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Lee YJ, Rasmussen EB. Age-related effects in delay discounting for food. Appetite 2022; 168:105783. [PMID: 34743827 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Developmental influences of growth, such as hormones and metabolic factors, increase food intake and weight across the lifespan. Delay discounting (DD), a choice procedure that characterizes preferences for immediate rewards, such as food, over larger, more delayed ones may be useful in understanding developmental and metabolic changes in decision making processes related to food intake. The present study examined the relation between age and food DD in a cross-sectional design. Other variables, such as pubertal stage, were examined also as these may influence discounting. Participants (N = 114; 28 children and 86 adult) from a community sample completed measures of food and money delay discounting to determine if age-related variation in discounting tendencies is food-specific or more general. Both measures yield an omnibus discounting value and three additional values for small, medium, and large magnitudes. Analyses first revealed magnitude effects-- smaller magnitudes of both food and money were discounted more steeply than larger magnitudes. Hierarchical regressions indicated subjective hunger predicted steeper food discounting. When subjective hunger was controlled, age, but not puberty, significantly predicted food discounting for omnibus, medium, and large magnitudes of food. In children, food discounting decreased from early childhood to late adolescence. In adults, food discounting increased from early to late adulthood. Neither age, puberty, nor obesity status predicted any measure of monetary discounting. Food discounting, then, appears to change across the lifespan, and therefore, may be appropriate to examine psychological processes that accompany developmental and metabolic changes across the lifespan.
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19
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Liu X, Turel O, Xiao Z, He J, He Q. Impulsivity and neural mechanisms that mediate preference for immediate food rewards in people with vs without excess weight. Appetite 2021; 169:105798. [PMID: 34774966 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
People with excess weight (overweight or obese; body mass index [BMI]>25) are generally characterized as impulsive with regards to food. However, the underlying brain mechanisms of this impulsivity are not fully understood. As such, this study aims at understanding the neural mechanisms underlying impulsivity toward food rewards, as well as differences in delay discounting patterns for hypothetical food between people with vs without excess weight. To this end, participants (79 college students, 33 with excess weight and 46 without) performed a food delay discounting task and completed questionnaires related to food addiction and impulsivity. In the task, we manipulated the magnitude of immediate and delayed rewards and employed event-related fMRI design to measure brain activity. The results showed that people with excess weight, compared to those without, were more impulsive and presented a lower probability of choosing delayed rewards. The higher the BMI was, the lower the probability of choosing delayed rewards was. People with excess weight also had higher impulsivity scores than people with no excess weight. Moreover, people with excess weight had less activation in executive function areas such as the anterior cingulate gyrus, the frontal pole, and the inferior frontal gyrus in both difficult and easy decision-making conditions. These results suggest that hypo-activation of executive function areas may contribute to the progression of decision impulsivity in relation to food, which in turn is associated with excess weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Ofir Turel
- School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Zhibing Xiao
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinbo He
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Qinghua He
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Chongqing, China.
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20
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Brassard SL, Balodis IM. A review of effort-based decision-making in eating and weight disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 110:110333. [PMID: 33905755 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Effort-based decision-making provides a framework to understand the mental computations estimating the amount of work ("effort") required to obtain a reward. The aim of the current review is to systematically synthesize the available literature on effort-based decision-making across the spectrum of eating and weight disorders. More specifically, the current review summarises the literature examining whether 1) individuals with eating disorders and overweight/obesity are willing to expend more effort for rewards compared to healthy controls, 2) if particular components of effort-based decision-making (i.e. risk, discounting) relate to specific binge eating conditions, and 3) how individual differences in effort and reward -processing measures relate to eating pathology and treatment measures. A total of 96 studies were included in our review, following PRISMA guidelines. The review suggests that individuals with binge eating behaviours 1) are more likely to expend greater effort for food rewards, but not monetary rewards, 2) demonstrate greater decision-making impairments under risk and uncertainty, 3) prefer sooner rather than delayed rewards for both food and money, and 4) demonstrate increased implicit 'wanting' for high fat sweet foods. Finally, individual differences in effort and reward -processing measures relating to eating pathology and treatment measures are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Brassard
- Department of Neuroscience, McMaster University, Canada; Peter Boris Center for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Canada
| | - Iris M Balodis
- Department of Neuroscience, McMaster University, Canada; Peter Boris Center for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University, Canada.
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21
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Bickel WK, Freitas-Lemos R, Tomlinson DC, Craft WH, Keith DR, Athamneh LN, Basso JC, Epstein LH. Temporal discounting as a candidate behavioral marker of obesity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 129:307-329. [PMID: 34358579 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although obesity is a result of processes operating at multiple levels, most forms result from decision-making behavior. The aim of this review was to examine the candidacy of temporal discounting (TD) (i.e. the reduction in the value of a reinforcer as a function of the delay to its receipt) as a behavioral marker of obesity. For this purpose, we assessed whether TD has the ability to: identify risk for obesity development, diagnose obesity, track obesity progression, predict treatment prognosis/outcomes, and measure treatment effectiveness. Three databases (Pubmed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) were searched using a combination of terms related to TD and obesity. A total of 153 papers were reviewed. Several areas show strong evidence of TD's predictive utility as a behavioral marker of obesity (e.g., distinguishing obese from non obese). However, other areas have limited and/or mixed evidence (e.g., predicting weight change). Given the positive relationship for TD in the majority of domains examined, further consideration for TD as a behavioral marker of obesity is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren K Bickel
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA.
| | | | - Devin C Tomlinson
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA; Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, USA
| | - William H Craft
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA; Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, USA
| | - Diana R Keith
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Liqa N Athamneh
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Julia C Basso
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Leonard H Epstein
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Chen Z, Becker B, Qin P, Lei W, Chen J, Liu P, Lin T, Zhang C, Zhang R, Wang M, Xu T, Yang Y, Feng P, Feng T. Neural networks during delay discounting as trans-disease marker: A meta-analytical review. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 139:62-70. [PMID: 34044265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Delay discounting reflects a devaluation of delayed long-term benefits but pursuing immediate rewards. Higher discounting rates (h-DR) are found ubiquitous in many diseases and unhealthy conditions, particularly in addiction disorder (AD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and obesity. Thus, h-DR was considered to be a common benchmark across many diseases facilitating to understand one disease to relevant others, which was called trans-disease process. However, the common and specific neural biomarkers associated with this process has not yet been studied well. We performed a voxel-wise task-related neuroimaging meta-analysis to clarify the neural pattern of trans-disease process across AD, ADHD and obesity. We recruited 19 eligible papers, including 9 AD papers (154 patients), 6 ADHD papers (106 patients) and 4 obesity studies (94 patients). Neuroimaging meta-analysis demonstrated the presence of neural biomarkers of trans-disease process: these patients showed inadequate brain response in caudate, ventromedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) than do of healthy controls (HCs). Disease-specific neural patterns were also found, with prominent hypoactivation in parahippocampal-striatum network for AD, hyperactivation in dopamine-projection striatum network for ADHD and decreased activity in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and dlPFC for obesity. This study provided robust evidence to reveal the neural substrates of trans-disease process, as well further promoted the triple brain network model in favor of the theoretical developments of these neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Benjamin Becker
- The Clinical Hospital of the Chengdu Brain Science Institute, Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pengmin Qin
- Center for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Psychiatry Department, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Psychiatry Department, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Peiwei Liu
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Tian Lin
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Chenyan Zhang
- Cognitive Psychology Unit, The Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Rong Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaqi Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Feng
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Tingyong Feng
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, China.
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Bouna-Pyrrou P, Muehle C, Kornhuber J, Weinland C, Lenz B. Body mass index and serum levels of soluble leptin receptor are sex-specifically related to alcohol binge drinking behavior. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 127:105179. [PMID: 33780690 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Binge drinking is a highly prevalent behavior in adolescents and young adults and a risk factor to develop alcohol use disorder. Body mass index (BMI) and blood levels of leptin peptide and its soluble receptor have been implicated in alcohol use disorder; however, their role in binge drinking remains to be investigated. METHOD We studied associations of BMI, serum levels of soluble leptin receptor (ObRe) and leptin as well as the free leptin index with binge drinking in 93 male and 99 female young adults. RESULTS In men, binge drinkers showed significantly higher BMI (kg/m2) than non-binge drinkers (23.67 vs. 22.08) and higher BMI correlated significantly with more severe binge drinking episodes (ρ = 0.251). In women, we found significantly higher ObRe (ng/ml) / BMI (kg/m2) values in binge drinkers than in non-binge drinkers (0.52 vs. 0.44) and ObRe/BMI values correlated significantly with more severe binge drinking episodes (ρ = 0.210). CONCLUSION This study confirms that higher BMI associates with binge drinking in men and shows for the first time a role of ObRe/BMI in binge drinking in women. Our data emphasize the importance of further research in the field of metabolic markers and implications in neurobiological processes of binge drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyxeni Bouna-Pyrrou
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany.
| | - Christiane Muehle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Christian Weinland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany; Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
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24
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Miranda-Olivos R, Steward T, Martínez-Zalacaín I, Mestre-Bach G, Juaneda-Seguí A, Jiménez-Murcia S, Fernández-Formoso JA, Vilarrasa N, Veciana de las Heras M, Custal N, Virgili N, Lopez-Urdiales R, Menchón JM, Granero R, Soriano-Mas C, Fernandez-Aranda F. The neural correlates of delay discounting in obesity and binge eating disorder. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:498-507. [PMID: 33950859 PMCID: PMC8997223 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Increased delay discounting is associated with obesity and binge eating disorder (BED). Although BED and obesity frequently co-occur, the neural mechanisms underlying delay discounting in these conditions remain poorly understood. METHODS Thirtyfive women with obesity, including 10 participants with obesity and BED and 31 controls completed a monetary delay discounting task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS We identified that increased discounting rates were associated with decreased activity in the left anterior insula in participants with obesity compared to controls when choosing immediate rewards over delayed rewards (PFWE < 0.05). An exploratory analysis comparing the BED subsample to the other groups did not detect significant differences. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest decreased activity in the anterior insula may underlie heightened delay discounting in individuals with obesity, contributing the probability of choosing immediate rewards over delayed rewards based on emotional states. Future studies including larger, more diverse samples are required to confirm these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Miranda-Olivos
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trevor Steward
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Asier Juaneda-Seguí
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José A. Fernández-Formoso
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Vilarrasa
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERDEM-CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Nuria Custal
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Virgili
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Lopez-Urdiales
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M. Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029Madrid, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona,08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona,08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernandez-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
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Bjorlie K, Fazzino TL. Impulsivity as a risk factor for weight gain and body roundness change among college freshmen. Eat Behav 2020; 39:101435. [PMID: 33022473 PMCID: PMC8796869 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2020.101435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The college setting is considered an obesogenic environment due to high availability of palatable foods. However, only a minority of freshmen gain weight. Individual-level risk factors, such as impulsivity, may hold utility in predicting weight and adiposity changes. Individuals with an impulsive decision-making style may favor immediately rewarding foods at the expense of long-term health. Individuals who seek rewarding foods during strong emotions may also be at risk. The study tested decisional (delay-discounting; DD) and emotion-driven impulsivity (urgency) as risk factors for 1) weight and 2) body roundness change during freshman year. METHODS Freshmen (N = 103) completed questionnaires assessing DD, positive urgency (PU), and negative urgency (NU). Weight and body roundness index (BRI) were collected at the beginning and end of the academic year. Four repeated measures regression models examined impulsivity factors predicting change in 1) weight and 2) BRI. Models included baseline weight and height or BRI, respectively. Covariates included average daily caloric intake, energy expenditure from walking, and sex. RESULTS In models examining weight, neither DD nor NU were significantly associated with weight at follow-up (b = 0.008, p = .977; b = 0.280, p = .075) when holding covariates constant. In contrast, PU was significantly associated with weight at follow-up (b = 0.303, p = .033). In models examining BRI, DD (b = -0.039, p = .511) and PU (b = 0.049, p = .072) were not associated with BRI at follow-up. In contrast, NU was significantly associated with BRI at follow-up (b = 0.068, p = .017). CONCLUSIONS Emotion-driven impulsivity may be a risk factor for weight gain or change in body roundness during freshman year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Bjorlie
- Department of Psychology, The University of Kansas, Fraser Hall, Room 426, 1415 Jayhawk Blvd., Lawrence, KS 66045-7556, United States of America; Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Dole Human Development Center, Suite 3061, 1000 Sunnyside Ave, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States of America
| | - Tera L Fazzino
- Department of Psychology, The University of Kansas, Fraser Hall, Room 426, 1415 Jayhawk Blvd., Lawrence, KS 66045-7556, United States of America; Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Dole Human Development Center, Suite 3061, 1000 Sunnyside Ave, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States of America.
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26
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Silvani J, Schmidt MI, Zajdenverg L, Galliano LM, Antunes Nunes MA. Impact of binge eating during pregnancy on gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention among women with gestational diabetes mellitus: LINDA-Brasil. Int J Eat Disord 2020; 53:1818-1825. [PMID: 32812662 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Binge eating (BE) is associated with gestational weight gain, which is a risk factor for gestational diabetes (GDM). Little is known about this association in women with GDM. To evaluate the relationship of BE in pregnancy with gestational weight gain, BE at postpartum and postpartum weight retention in women with GDM. METHOD Lifestyle INtervention for Diabetes prevention After pregnancy (LINDA-Brasil) is a multicenter cohort study with 1,958 women with GDM. BE was assessed by interview during recruitment in pregnancy and at a phone interview at ~4 months postpartum. Gestational weight gain was classified according to the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to estimate adjusted relative risks (RR). RESULTS Prevalence of BE was 31.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 29.5-33.6%) during pregnancy and 30.0% (95% CI 28.0-32.1%) at postpartum. The risk of exceeding the IOM's recommendation for gestational weight gain was 45% higher (RR 1.45, 95% CI 1.29-1.63) in women who had BE during pregnancy compared to those who did not. The risk of having postpartum weight retention above the 75th percentile was 33% higher (RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.10-1.59) among those with BE compared to those without. DISCUSSION Among these women with GDM, BE was frequent and was associated with excessive gestational weight gain and weight retention at postpartum. Thus, given the vulnerability of these periods of the life cycle, tracking this eating behavior is important for the management of gestational weight gain and for the prevention of excessive postpartum retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Silvani
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês Schmidt
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lenita Zajdenverg
- Diabetes and Nutrology Section, Internal Medicine Department, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leony Morgana Galliano
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Angélica Antunes Nunes
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Impulsivity as a multifactorial construct and its relationship to PTSD severity and threat sensitivity. Psychiatry Res 2020; 293:113468. [PMID: 32977054 PMCID: PMC8370776 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Changes to the DSM-5's conceptualization of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) highlight the importance of impulsivity within the context of PTSD-related arousal dysregulation. While the relationship between PTSD and threat sensitivity is well defined, how they relate to impulsivity remains understudied. We examined the relationship between PTSD symptom severity, threat sensitivity, and impulsivity. 124 participants completed the PTSD Checklist (PCL-C) and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11th ed (BIS-11). BIS-11 items were separated to define cognitive and behavioral impulsivity subdomains. A trauma-exposed subsample of 39 participants were also exposed to no, ambiguous, and high threat conditions in a threat-enhanced acoustic startle paradigm with psychophysiological response as the outcome variable. PTSD severity was significantly associated with greater overall impulsivity and behavioral impulsivity. Greater overall impulsivity and both cognitive and behavioral impulsivity subdomains were significantly associated with psychophysiological magnitudes across threat conditions in the traumatized subsample. Our results suggest PTSD severity may linked to behavioral impulsivity and both cognitive and behavioral impulsivity are associated with threat sensitivity and hyperarousal. Assessing impulsivity within the context of PTSD, particularly in terms of its cognitive and behavioral subdomains, may provide important, clinically relevant information.
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Felton JW, Collado A, Ingram KM, Doran K, Yi R. Improvement of Working Memory is a Mechanism for Reductions in Delay Discounting Among Mid-Age Individuals in an Urban Medically Underserved Area. Ann Behav Med 2020; 53:988-998. [PMID: 30955043 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaz010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delay discounting, or the tendency to devalue rewards as a function of their delayed receipt, is associated with myriad negative health behaviors. Individuals from medically underserved areas are disproportionately at risk for chronic health problems. The higher rates of delay discounting and consequent adverse outcomes evidenced among low-resource and unstable environments suggest this may be an important pathway to explain health disparities among this population. PURPOSE The current study examined the effectiveness of a computerized working memory training program to decrease rates of delay discounting among residents of a traditionally underserved region. METHODS Participants (N = 123) were recruited from a community center serving low income and homeless individuals. Subjects completed measures of delay discounting and working memory and then took part in either an active or control working memory training. RESULTS Analyses indicated that participants in the active condition demonstrated significant improvement in working memory and that this improvement mediated the relation between treatment condition and reductions in delay discounting. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that a computerized intervention targeting working memory may be effective in decreasing rates of delay discounting in adults from medically underserved areas (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT03501706).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia W Felton
- Division of Public Health, Michigan State University, Flint, MI, USA
| | - Anahi Collado
- Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | | | - Kelly Doran
- School of Nursing, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard Yi
- Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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Veillard ML, Vincent BT. Temporal discounting does not influence body mass index. Physiol Behav 2020; 221:112893. [PMID: 32277987 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has driven searches for cognitive or behavioural economic factors related to Body Mass Index (BMI). One candidate is delay discounting: those who prefer smaller sooner rewards over larger but later rewards are hypothesised to have higher BMI. The findings in the literature are mixed however, with meta analyses suggesting only a very small correlation between discounting and BMI. Here we present novel empirical data (N=381) and Bayesian analyses which suggest no such relationship between discounting of either monetary or weight loss rewards and BMI. We also find evidence against our novel proposal that discounting moderates the rate of BMI gain over time. We also present our data in the context of a random effects Bayesian meta-analytical result which does suggest the presence of a small correlation overall. The strength of the correlation is so weak (2.25% shared variance) that its practical significance may be minor to non existent. However because we found decisive evidence for unaccounted for study-level variance, due to study heterogeneity, we argue that we should treat such meta-analytic correlations with extreme caution. While the relationship between discounting and health outcomes such as BMI remain theoretically appealing, our empirical and meta-analytic results suggest we should be cautious in inferring a correlational, let alone a causal, role for discounting processes in driving BMI or moderating BMI gain with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Veillard
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Social Science, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Benjamin T Vincent
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Social Science, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK.
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Strengthened Default Mode Network Activation During Delay Discounting in Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa After Partial Weight Restoration: A Longitudinal fMRI Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9040900. [PMID: 32218141 PMCID: PMC7230250 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9040900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) to resist food-based rewards is often assumed to reflect excessive self-control. Previous cross-sectional functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies utilizing the delay discounting (DD) paradigm, an index of impulsivity and self-control, suggested altered neural efficiency of decision-making in acutely underweight patients (acAN) and a relative normalization in long-term, weight-recovered individuals with a history of AN (recAN). The current longitudinal study tested for changes in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation during DD associated with intensive weight restoration treatment. A predominately adolescent cohort of 22 female acAN patients (mean age—15.5 years) performed an established DD paradigm during fMRI at the beginning of hospitalization and again after partial weight restoration (≥12% body mass index (BMI) increase). Analyses investigated longitudinal changes in both reward valuation and executive decision-making processes. Additional exploratory analyses included comparisons with data acquired in aged-matched healthy controls (HC) as well as probes of functional connectivity between empirically identified nodes of the “task-positive” frontoparietal control network (FPN) and “task-negative” default-mode network (DMN). While treatment was not associated with changes in behavioral DD parameters or activation, specific to reward processing, deactivation of the DMN during decision-making was significantly less pronounced following partial weight restoration. Strengthened DMN activation during DD might reflect a relative relaxation of cognitive overcontrol or improved self-referential, decision-making. Together, our findings present further evidence that aberrant decision-making in AN might be remediable by treatment and, therefore, might constitute an acute effect rather than a core trait variable of the disorder.
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Abstract
Eating disorders are disabling, deadly, and costly mental disorders that considerably impair physical health and disrupt psychosocial functioning. Disturbed attitudes towards weight, body shape, and eating play a key role in the origin and maintenance of eating disorders. Eating disorders have been increasing over the past 50 years and changes in the food environment have been implicated. All health-care providers should routinely enquire about eating habits as a component of overall health assessment. Six main feeding and eating disorders are now recognised in diagnostic systems: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, avoidant-restrictive food intake disorder, pica, and rumination disorder. The presentation form of eating disorders might vary for men versus women, for example. As eating disorders are under-researched, there is a great deal of uncertainty as to their pathophysiology, treatment, and management. Future challenges, emerging treatments, and outstanding research questions are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Treasure
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Tiago Antunes Duarte
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Serviço de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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King JA, Bernardoni F, Geisler D, Ritschel F, Doose A, Pauligk S, Pásztor K, Weidner K, Roessner V, Smolka MN, Ehrlich S. Intact value-based decision-making during intertemporal choice in women with remitted anorexia nervosa? An fMRI study. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2020; 45:108-116. [PMID: 31595737 PMCID: PMC7828910 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.180252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extreme restrictive food choice in anorexia nervosa is thought to reflect excessive self-control and/or abnormal reward sensitivity. Studies using intertemporal choice paradigms have suggested an increased capacity to delay reward in anorexia nervosa, and this may explain an unusual ability to resist immediate temptation and override hunger in the long-term pursuit of thinness. It remains unclear, however, whether altered delay discounting in anorexia nervosa constitutes a state effect of acute illness or a trait marker observable after recovery. METHODS We repeated the analysis from our previous fMRI investigation of intertemporal choice in acutely underweight patients with anorexia nervosa in a sample of weight-recovered women with anorexia nervosa (n = 36) and age-matched healthy controls (n = 36) who participated in the same study protocol. Follow-up analyses explored functional connectivity separately in both the weight-recovered/healthy controls sample and the acute/healthy controls sample. RESULTS In contrast to our previous findings in acutely underweight patients with anorexia nervosa, we found no differences between weight-recovered patients with anorexia nervosa and healthy controls at either behavioural or neural levels. New analysis of data from the acute/healthy controls sample sample revealed increased coupling between dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and posterior brain regions as a function of decision difficulty, supporting the hypothesis of altered neural efficiency in the underweight state. LIMITATIONS This was a cross-sectional study, and the results may be task-specific. CONCLUSION Although our results underlined previous demonstrations of divergent temporal reward discounting in acutely underweight patients with anorexia nervosa, we found no evidence of alteration in patients with weight-recovered anorexia nervosa. Together, these findings suggest that impaired valuebased decision-making may not constitute a defining trait variable or “scar” of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. King
- From the Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (King, Bernardoni, Geisler, Ritschel, Doose, Pauligk, Pásztor, Ehrlich); the Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Eating Disorder Research and Treatment Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Ritschel, Roessner, Ehrlich); the Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Weidner); and the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Smolka)
| | - Fabio Bernardoni
- From the Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (King, Bernardoni, Geisler, Ritschel, Doose, Pauligk, Pásztor, Ehrlich); the Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Eating Disorder Research and Treatment Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Ritschel, Roessner, Ehrlich); the Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Weidner); and the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Smolka)
| | - Daniel Geisler
- From the Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (King, Bernardoni, Geisler, Ritschel, Doose, Pauligk, Pásztor, Ehrlich); the Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Eating Disorder Research and Treatment Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Ritschel, Roessner, Ehrlich); the Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Weidner); and the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Smolka)
| | - Franziska Ritschel
- From the Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (King, Bernardoni, Geisler, Ritschel, Doose, Pauligk, Pásztor, Ehrlich); the Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Eating Disorder Research and Treatment Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Ritschel, Roessner, Ehrlich); the Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Weidner); and the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Smolka)
| | - Arne Doose
- From the Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (King, Bernardoni, Geisler, Ritschel, Doose, Pauligk, Pásztor, Ehrlich); the Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Eating Disorder Research and Treatment Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Ritschel, Roessner, Ehrlich); the Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Weidner); and the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Smolka)
| | - Sophie Pauligk
- From the Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (King, Bernardoni, Geisler, Ritschel, Doose, Pauligk, Pásztor, Ehrlich); the Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Eating Disorder Research and Treatment Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Ritschel, Roessner, Ehrlich); the Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Weidner); and the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Smolka)
| | - Konrad Pásztor
- From the Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (King, Bernardoni, Geisler, Ritschel, Doose, Pauligk, Pásztor, Ehrlich); the Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Eating Disorder Research and Treatment Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Ritschel, Roessner, Ehrlich); the Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Weidner); and the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Smolka)
| | - Kerstin Weidner
- From the Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (King, Bernardoni, Geisler, Ritschel, Doose, Pauligk, Pásztor, Ehrlich); the Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Eating Disorder Research and Treatment Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Ritschel, Roessner, Ehrlich); the Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Weidner); and the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Smolka)
| | - Veit Roessner
- From the Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (King, Bernardoni, Geisler, Ritschel, Doose, Pauligk, Pásztor, Ehrlich); the Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Eating Disorder Research and Treatment Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Ritschel, Roessner, Ehrlich); the Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Weidner); and the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Smolka)
| | - Michael N. Smolka
- From the Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (King, Bernardoni, Geisler, Ritschel, Doose, Pauligk, Pásztor, Ehrlich); the Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Eating Disorder Research and Treatment Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Ritschel, Roessner, Ehrlich); the Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Weidner); and the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Smolka)
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- From the Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (King, Bernardoni, Geisler, Ritschel, Doose, Pauligk, Pásztor, Ehrlich); the Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Eating Disorder Research and Treatment Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Ritschel, Roessner, Ehrlich); the Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Weidner); and the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Smolka)
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Kekic M, McClelland J, Bartholdy S, Chamali R, Campbell IC, Schmidt U. Bad Things Come to Those Who Do Not Wait: Temporal Discounting Is Associated With Compulsive Overeating, Eating Disorder Psychopathology and Food Addiction. Front Psychiatry 2020; 10:978. [PMID: 32038324 PMCID: PMC6987464 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The tendency to act on immediate pleasure-driven desires, due to the devaluation of future rewards [a process known as temporal discounting (TD)], has been associated with substance use disorders (SUD) and with conditions characterised by compulsive overeating. The study involved a large inclusive participant sample (i.e., no diagnostic or exclusion criteria were applied). They were recruited/assessed online and we investigated whether TD was related to compulsive overeating and associated problems. Participants [N = 432, (48 males)] completed an online survey, which included a hypothetical monetary TD task, the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q), the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS). TD correlated with frequency of compulsive overeating and compensatory behaviours, with eating disorder psychopathology, with scores on the YFAS, and with body mass index (BMI). As our study shows that elevated rates of TD are associated with a range of behaviours/measures, we propose that it is more likely that elevated TD rates are a predisposing factor rather than a consequence of the behaviour, i.e., elevated rates of TD contribute to pathological eating-related behaviours; however, a bi-directional explanation is also possible. Future research should investigate whether interventions aimed at reducing TD have clinical potential for treating problematic eating behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Lenz B, Köllner MG, Mühle C, Weinland C, Kornhuber J. Basic Human Body Dimensions Relate to Alcohol Dependence and Predict Hospital Readmission. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E2076. [PMID: 31783685 PMCID: PMC6947550 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol dependence is a severe mental illness and there is a need for more effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. Translational research suggests that intrauterine sex hormone exposure modulates the risk and course of alcohol dependence during adulthood. During development, sex hormones permanently shape sexually dimorphic body dimensions. Thus, these dimensions may provide insight into sex hormone organization. Here, we compared body measurements (absolute, relative to, and residualized on height) between 200 alcohol-dependent in-patients and 240 age-matched healthy control subjects and investigated how these measurements associate with the patients' prospective 12- and 24-month outcome. The results show that alcohol dependence is related to lower absolute, relative, and residualized body measurements for height and weight, head circumference, bitragion head arc, lip-chin distance, hip, thigh, and calf circumference, and foot length and breadth. In male alcohol-dependent in-patients, higher risk, shorter latency, and more alcohol-related readmissions were predicted by higher absolute, relative, and residualized thigh and calf circumferences. The second-to-fourth finger length ratio, a putative proxy for prenatal sex hormone organization, was not convincingly correlated with the body dimensions, suggesting that the results represent pubertal (or later) effects. The study's findings have implications for further research. The body measurements' high accessibility may facilitate the future transition into clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.M.); (C.W.); (J.K.)
| | - Martin G. Köllner
- Human Motivation and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nägelsbachstraße 49 b, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.M.); (C.W.); (J.K.)
| | - Christian Weinland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.M.); (C.W.); (J.K.)
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.M.); (C.W.); (J.K.)
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Sagiv E, Hadlaczky G, Sheetrit N, Gur E, Horesh N, Gvion Y. The Fear of Losing-Nonsuicidal Self-Injury as a Protective Mechanism in Eating Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:825. [PMID: 31803081 PMCID: PMC6873791 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study examined the moderating role of loss aversion (LA) on the relationship between impulsivity, nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), suicidal attempts, and ideations among Eating Disorder (ED) patients. Methods: Data was collected on 81 ED patients and 37 healthy controls. ED patients were divided into 2 groups: 25 AN-Rs, 56 AN-BPs and BNs. Measurements of trait impulsivity, LA, NSSI, suicide attempts, and suicide ideations were collected. Results: The rate of attempting suicide was highest in the AN-BP/BN (34.8%), lower in the AN-Rs (8%), and the lowest in the controls (2.7%). Suicide ideation was also higher in AN-BP/BN compared to both AN-R and controls. NSSI was higher in the AN-BP/BN group compared to both AN-R and control groups. LA scores were lower among participants with EDs compared to controls. BMI and depression were positively associated with suicide ideation and NSSI. Impulsivity was associated to suicide attempt and suicide ideation. Contrary to our hypothesis, LA scores were positively correlated with NSSI and SI. A stepwise regression revealed that contradictory to our hypothesis, higher LA predicted NSSI prevalence severity of NSSI and suicide ideation. Limitations: (1) Cross-sectional design; (2) Relatively small sample size of clinical subjects and only female participants; (3) Heterogeneity of treatment status. Conclusions: EDs are associated with lower levels of LA compared to general population. Although high LA is considered a protective factor against "high damage" decisions, it may serve as a facilitator of lower risk decisions which help the individual soothe and communicate his or her own suffering such as NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eran Sagiv
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Gergö Hadlaczky
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noga Sheetrit
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Eitan Gur
- The Eating Disorders Department, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Netta Horesh
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yari Gvion
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Psychology, Academic College Tel Aviv–Yaffo, Yaffo, Israel
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Lost in Translation? On the Need for Convergence in Animal and
Human Studies on the Role of Dopamine in Diet-Induced Obesity. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-019-00268-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Howatt BC, Muñoz Torrecillas MJ, Cruz Rambaud S, Takahashi T. A New Analysis on Self-Control in Intertemporal Choice and Mediterranean Dietary Pattern. Front Public Health 2019; 7:165. [PMID: 31316959 PMCID: PMC6611428 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper completes Muñoz Torrecillas et al. (1) results and conclusions investigating the relationship between adherence to healthy dietary habits, specifically the Mediterranean Diet (hereinafter, MD), and impulsivity in intertemporal choices. Impulsivity can be defined as the strong preference for small immediate payoffs over larger delayed payoffs, and in the original study this behavior was captured by the parameter k (discount rate of the hyperbolic discount function), calculated using an automated scoring mechanism. Adherence to MD was measured by the KIDMED index and then grouped into three levels: high, medium, and low. While the authors observed that individuals in the high adherence group had the shallowest discounting and individuals in the low adherence group had the steepest discounting, the data were not statistically analyzed in depth. Therefore, the purpose of the present paper is to propose a preliminary quantitative model for this relationship and evaluate its significance. Tests revealed a significant interaction between adherence to MD and magnitude of delayed rewards when predicting discount rates. Specifically, the degree to which impulsivity decreases as adherence to MD increases is strongly influenced by delayed rewards of smaller magnitude. These findings are consistent with the authors' claims that healthy dietary habits may be closely linked with greater self-control when payoffs are small, and thus warrant further examination. The results do not indicate causality though, so future studies could also investigate the directions of this relationship as a means of developing behavioral interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C. Howatt
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | | | | | - Taiki Takahashi
- Department of Behavioral Science, Center for Experimental Research in Social Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
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Tei S, Fujino J, Itahashi T, Aoki Y, Ohta H, Kubota M, Hashimoto R, Nakamura M, Kato N, Takahashi H. Egocentric biases and atypical generosity in autistic individuals. Autism Res 2019; 12:1598-1608. [DOI: 10.1002/aur.2130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shisei Tei
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities ResearchShowa University Tokyo Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto University Kyoto Japan
- Institute of Applied Brain SciencesWaseda University Saitama Japan
- School of Human and Social SciencesTokyo International University Saitama Japan
| | - Junya Fujino
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities ResearchShowa University Tokyo Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Takashi Itahashi
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities ResearchShowa University Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuta Aoki
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities ResearchShowa University Tokyo Japan
| | - Haruhisa Ohta
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities ResearchShowa University Tokyo Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of MedicineShowa University Tokyo Japan
| | - Manabu Kubota
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities ResearchShowa University Tokyo Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto University Kyoto Japan
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological SciencesNational Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology Chiba Japan
| | - Ryu‐ichiro Hashimoto
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities ResearchShowa University Tokyo Japan
- Department of Language Sciences, Graduate School of HumanitiesTokyo Metropolitan University Tokyo Japan
| | - Motoaki Nakamura
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities ResearchShowa University Tokyo Japan
- Kanagawa Psychiatric Center Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
| | - Nobumasa Kato
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities ResearchShowa University Tokyo Japan
| | - Hidehiko Takahashi
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities ResearchShowa University Tokyo Japan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan
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Weinland C, Mühle C, Kornhuber J, Lenz B. Body mass index and craving predict 24-month hospital readmissions of alcohol-dependent in-patients following withdrawal. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 90:300-307. [PMID: 30496769 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Addictive alcohol drinking, craving, and overeating share common etiopathological mechanisms. We investigated whether body mass index (BMI) and craving predict outcome of alcohol-dependent in-patients. METHOD The prospective study included 101 male and 72 female early-abstinent alcohol-dependent in-patients. Craving was quantified by Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) scores. We documented alcohol-related readmissions over 24 months. RESULTS In males, a higher BMI was associated with alcohol-related hospital readmission (median 26.1 vs. 23.1 kg/m2, P = .007) and correlated with more (ρ = 0.286, P = .004) and earlier readmissions (ρ = -0.256, P = .010). These associations were stronger in the subgroup of active smokers (n = 79; median 25.9 vs. 22.3 kg/m2, P = .005; ρ = 0.350, P = .002; ρ = -0.340, P = .002). BMI did not significantly predict outcome in females. Males with at least one readmission reported higher OCDS scores than those without (OCDS-total, OCDS-obsessive, OCDS-compulsive, P < .040), and the OCDS scores correlated with more readmissions (males: OCDS-total, OCDS-obsessive, OCDS-compulsive, ρ > 0.244, P < .014; females: OCDS-compulsive, ρ = 0.341, P = .003) and fewer days to first readmission (males: OCDS-total, OCDS-compulsive, ρ < -0.195, P < .050; females: OCDS-compulsive, ρ = -0.335, P = .004). The OCDS scores explained 9 to 19% of the relationship between BMI and outcome in males. CONCLUSION BMI and craving are easily accessible outcome predictors of alcohol-related readmission following in-patient withdrawal treatment. They might be used to individualize relapse prevention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Weinland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany.
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
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Abstract
Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are characterized by severely restricted intake, binge eating, and compensatory behaviors like self-induced vomiting. The neurobiological underpinnings of these maladaptive behaviors are poorly understood, but the application of cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging to eating disorders has begun to elucidate their pathophysiology. Specifically, this review focuses on 3 areas that suggest paths forward: reward, cognitive and behavioral control, and decision making. Understanding the brain-based mechanisms that promote and maintain these often chronic symptoms could guide the development of new and more effective treatments.
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Lopez-Guzman S, Konova AB, Glimcher PW. Computational psychiatry of impulsivity and risk: how risk and time preferences interact in health and disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180135. [PMID: 30966919 PMCID: PMC6335456 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Choice impulsivity is an important subcomponent of the broader construct of impulsivity and is a key feature of many psychiatric disorders. Choice impulsivity is typically quantified as temporal discounting, a well-documented phenomenon in which a reward's subjective value diminishes as the delay to its delivery is increased. However, an individual's proclivity to-or more commonly aversion to- risk can influence nearly all of the standard experimental tools available for measuring temporal discounting. Despite this interaction, risk preference is a behaviourally and neurobiologically distinct construct that relates to the economic notion of utility or subjective value. In this opinion piece, we discuss the mathematical relationship between risk preferences and time preferences, their neural implementation, and propose ways that research in psychiatry could, and perhaps should, aim to account for this relationship experimentally to better understand choice impulsivity and its clinical implications. This article is part of the theme issue 'Risk taking and impulsive behaviour: fundamental discoveries, theoretical perspectives and clinical implications'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lopez-Guzman
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias (NeURos), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
| | - Anna B. Konova
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University Behavioral Health Care (UBHC), and the Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Paul W. Glimcher
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
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Abstract
The National Institute of Mental Health launched the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative to better understand dimensions of behavior and identify targets for treatment. Examining dimensions across psychiatric illnesses has proven challenging, as reliable behavioral paradigms that are known to engage specific neural circuits and translate across diagnostic populations are scarce. Delay discounting paradigms seem to be an exception: they are useful for understanding links between neural systems and behavior in healthy individuals, with potential for assessing how these mechanisms go awry in psychiatric illnesses. This article reviews relevant literature on delay discounting (or the rate at which the value of a reward decreases as the delay to receipt increases) in humans, including methods for examining it, its putative neural mechanisms, and its application in psychiatric research. There exist rigorous and reproducible paradigms to evaluate delay discounting, standard methods for calculating discount rate, and known neural systems probed by these paradigms. Abnormalities in discounting have been associated with psychopathology ranging from addiction (with steep discount rates indicating relative preference for immediate rewards) to anorexia nervosa (with shallow discount rates indicating preference for future rewards). The latest research suggests that delay discounting can be manipulated in the laboratory. Extensively studied in cognitive neuroscience, delay discounting assesses a dimension of behavior that is important for decision-making and is linked to neural substrates and to psychopathology. The question now is whether manipulating delay discounting can yield clinically significant changes in behavior that promote health. If so, then delay discounting could deliver on the RDoC promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina M Lempert
- Department of Psychology,University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia, PA,USA
| | - Joanna E Steinglass
- Department of Psychiatry,Columbia University Medical Center,New York, NY,USA
| | - Anthony Pinto
- Department of Psychiatry,Columbia University Medical Center,New York, NY,USA
| | - Joseph W Kable
- Department of Psychology,University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia, PA,USA
| | - Helen Blair Simpson
- Department of Psychiatry,Columbia University Medical Center,New York, NY,USA
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Abstract
Development of the frontal lobe is critical to acquisition, execution, and control of a wide range of functions, from basic motor response to complex decision-making. These functions are influenced by contingency-based (e.g., reward and response-cost/punishment) feedback that is mediated through the adaptive integration of fronto-subcortical neural circuitry. The frontal lobe manages incoming information and chooses the appropriate action based on one's goals in a particular context. This aspect of frontal function, while only one component, is crucial to development and maintenance of approach and avoidance behavior central to all human (and animal) behavior. Furthermore, disruptions in fronto-subcortical circuitry governing motivated behavior appear to contribute to a range of developmental disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and confer vulnerability for psychopathology more broadly. The particular deficits that manifest in altered behavior depend upon the specific circuitry that is compromised due to the functional specificity of distinct regions of the frontal lobe and its interconnections with subcortical structures. Neurobiologic models of motivated behavior provide a valuable framework for characterizing developmental disorders from a transdiagnostic dimensional systems perspective. Improved characterization of approach and avoidance motivation across neurodevelopmental disorders has the potential to inform the development of novel interventions and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri Shiels Rosch
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Stewart Mostofsky
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Rosch KS, Mostofsky SH, Nebel MB. ADHD-related sex differences in fronto-subcortical intrinsic functional connectivity and associations with delay discounting. J Neurodev Disord 2018; 10:34. [PMID: 30541434 PMCID: PMC6292003 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-018-9254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with atypical fronto-subcortical neural circuitry and heightened delay discounting, or a stronger preference for smaller, immediate rewards over larger, delayed rewards. Recent evidence of ADHD-related sex differences in brain structure and function suggests anomalies in fronto-subcortical circuitry may differ among girls and boys with ADHD. The current study examined whether the functional connectivity (FC) within fronto-subcortical neural circuitry differs among girls and boys with ADHD compared to same-sex typically developing (TD) controls and relates to delay discounting. Methods Participants include 8–12-year-old children with ADHD (n = 72, 20 girls) and TD controls (n = 75, 21 girls). Fronto-subcortical regions of interest were functionally defined by applying independent component analysis to resting-state fMRI data. Intrinsic FC between subcortical components, including the striatum and amygdala, and prefrontal components, including ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and anterior dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), was compared across diagnostic groups overall and within sex. Correlations between intrinsic FC of the six fronto-subcortical pairs and delay discounting were also examined. Results Both girls and boys with ADHD show atypical FC between vmPFC and subcortical regions including the striatum (stronger positive FC in ADHD) and amygdala (weaker negative FC in ADHD), with the greatest diagnostic effects among girls. In addition, girls with ADHD show atypical intrinsic FC between the striatum and dlPFC components, including stronger positive FC with ACC and stronger negative FC with dlPFC. Further, girls but not boys, with ADHD, show heightened real-time delay discounting. Brain–behavior correlations suggest (1) stronger negative FC between the striatal and dlPFC components correlated with greater money delay discounting across all participants and (2) stronger FC between the amygdala with both the dlPFC and ACC components was differentially related to heightened real-time discounting among girls and boys with and without ADHD. Conclusions Our findings suggest fronto-subcortical functional networks are affected in children with ADHD, particularly girls, and relate to delay discounting. These results also provide preliminary evidence of greater disruptions in fronto-subcortical FC among girls with ADHD that is not due to elevated inattention symptom severity, intellectual reasoning ability, age, or head motion. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s11689-018-9254-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri S Rosch
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Stewart H Mostofsky
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary Beth Nebel
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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45
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Morys F, Bode S, Horstmann A. Dorsolateral and medial prefrontal cortex mediate the influence of incidental priming on economic decision making in obesity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17595. [PMID: 30514862 PMCID: PMC6279740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35834-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obese individuals discount future rewards to a higher degree than lean individuals, which is generally considered disadvantageous. Moreover, their decisions are altered more easily by decision-irrelevant cues. Here, we investigated neural correlates of this phenomenon using functional MRI. We tested 30 lean and 26 obese human subjects on a primed delay discounting paradigm using gustatory and visual cues of positive, neutral and negative valence to bias their intertemporal preferences. We hypothesised that activation differences in reward-related and behavioural control areas, and changes in connectivity between these areas, would reflect the effect of these cues. Here, obese subjects were more susceptible to priming with negative gustatory cues towards delayed choices as opposed to lean subjects. This was related to lower activity in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during priming. Modulation of functional connectivity between the dlPFC and the ventromedial PFC by the behavioural priming effect correlated negatively with BMI. This might indicate that default goals of obese individuals were different from those of lean participants, as the dlPFC has been suggested to be involved in internal goal pursuit. The present results further our understanding of the role of the PFC in decision-making and might inform future weight-management approaches based on non-invasive brain stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Morys
- Leipzig University Medical Centre, IFB Adiposity Diseases, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Bode
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, 50969, Cologne, Germany
| | - Annette Horstmann
- Leipzig University Medical Centre, IFB Adiposity Diseases, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. .,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. .,Leipzig University Medical Centre, Collaborative Research Centre 1052-A5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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46
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Weygandt M, Spranger J, Leupelt V, Maurer L, Bobbert T, Mai K, Haynes JD. Interactions between neural decision-making circuits predict long-term dietary treatment success in obesity. Neuroimage 2018; 184:520-534. [PMID: 30253206 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although dietary decision-making is regulated by multiple interacting neural controllers, their impact on dietary treatment success in obesity has only been investigated individually. Here, we used fMRI to test how well interactions between the Pavlovian system (automatically triggering urges of consumption after food cue exposure) and the goal-directed system (considering long-term consequences of food decisions) predict future dietary success achieved in 39 months. Activity of the Pavlovian system was measured with a cue-reactivity task by comparing perception of food versus control pictures, activity of the goal-directed system with a food-specific delay discounting paradigm. Both tasks were applied in 30 individuals with obesity up to five times: Before a 12-week diet, immediately thereafter, and at three annual follow-up visits. Brain activity was analyzed in two steps. In the first, we searched for areas involved in Pavlovian processes and goal-directed control across the 39-month study period with voxel-wise linear mixed-effects (LME) analyses. In the second, we computed network parameters reflecting the covariation of longitudinal voxel activity (i.e. principal components) in the regions identified in the first step and used them to predict body mass changes across the 39 months with LME models. Network analyses testing the link of dietary success with activity of the individual systems as reference found a moderate negative link to Pavlovian activity primarily in left hippocampus and a moderate positive association to goal-directed activity primarily in right inferior parietal gyrus. A cross-paradigm network analysis that integrated activity measured in both tasks revealed a strong positive link for interactions between visual Pavlovian areas and goal-directed decision-making regions mainly located in right insular cortex. We conclude that adaptation of food cue processing resources to goal-directed control activity is an important prerequisite of sustained dietary weight loss, presumably since the latter activity can modulate Pavlovian urges triggered by frequent cue exposure in everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Weygandt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Excellence Cluster NeuroCure, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité Center for Cardiovascular Research, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Verena Leupelt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité Center for Cardiovascular Research, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Maurer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité Center for Cardiovascular Research, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Bobbert
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Knut Mai
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - John-Dylan Haynes
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Excellence Cluster NeuroCure, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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Smith KE, Mason TB, Johnson JS, Lavender JM, Wonderlich SA. A systematic review of reviews of neurocognitive functioning in eating disorders: The state-of-the-literature and future directions. Int J Eat Disord 2018; 51:798-821. [PMID: 30102781 PMCID: PMC6594106 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In recent years there has been increasing clinical and empirical interest in neurocognitive functioning in eating disorders (EDs), which has resulted in numerous quantitative and qualitative reviews. However, there has yet to be a comprehensive synthesis or critical review of this literature to identify future directions to advance the field in this area. Therefore the aim of this systematic review of systematic reviews was to (a) characterize the existing literature on neurocognitive functioning in EDs based on recent reviews (i.e., published since 2010), (b) describe related limitations, and (c) suggest avenues for future research to address gaps in the current literature. METHOD Electronic databases were queried for reviews of neurocognitive domains (i.e., inhibitory control, decision-making, central coherence, set-shifting, working memory, and attention bias) in EDs, which identified 28 systematic and meta-analytic reviews. RESULTS Broadly, the literature indicates deficits across these neurocognitive domains in EDs, though heterogeneity was noted in the magnitude of these effects, which varied to some extent across ED subtypes, sample characteristics, and methodological approaches. DISCUSSION While these reviews have generally suggested varying patterns of neurocognitive deficits across EDs, there remain critical limitations regarding the methodological quality of these studies (e.g., the lack of prospective designs, consideration of confounding influences, or examination of interrelationships between neurocognitive domains and relationships between neurocognition and other relevant behavioral constructs). Specifically, we outline 10 key areas that are imperative to address in future research in this area in order to move our field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Smith
- Center for Bio-Behavioral Research, Sanford Research, South Fargo, ND
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, North Dakota
| | - Tyler B Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jeffrey S Johnson
- Center for Bio-Behavioral Research, Sanford Research, South Fargo, ND
- Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, North Dakota
| | - Jason M Lavender
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Stephen A Wonderlich
- Center for Bio-Behavioral Research, Sanford Research, South Fargo, ND
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, North Dakota
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48
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White matter correlates of temporal discounting in older adults. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:3653-3663. [PMID: 29992469 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1712-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Temporal discounting, the tendency to select a smaller reward offered sooner over a larger reward offered at a later time, has been associated with a number of real-world decision-making outcomes important for health and wellbeing. Neurobiological mechanisms supporting temporal discounting have been explored among younger participants, and these have considered white matter integrity. However, the white matter correlates of temporal discounting in older adults are unclear. We hypothesized that greater temporal discounting would be associated with poorer white matter integrity measures, more specifically lower fractional anisotropy and higher trace, in older adults. Participants were 302 older persons without dementia (mean age = 81.38, mean years of education = 15.75, 75.5% female, mean MMSE = 28.29) from the Rush Memory and Aging Project, a community-based longitudinal study of aging. Temporal discounting was assessed using standard elicitation questions. White matter integrity was assessed with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Regression models were adjusted for the effects of age, sex, education, and white matter lesions. Secondary models further adjusted for global cognition. Results revealed significant associations between temporal discounting and white matter integrity measures (FA and trace) in bilateral frontal, frontostriatal, and temporal-parietal lobe white matter tracts, and results remained significant after further accounting for global cognition. These results suggest that temporal discounting is inversely associated with white matter integrity in old age and that this association is independent of global cognition.
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49
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Muñoz Torrecillas MJ, Cruz Rambaud S, Takahashi T. Self-Control in Intertemporal Choice and Mediterranean Dietary Pattern. Front Public Health 2018; 6:176. [PMID: 29963545 PMCID: PMC6013565 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Mediterranean Diet (hereinafter MD) is considered a healthy dietary pattern. Adherence to this pattern can be assessed by means of the KIDMED test by which individuals are assigned an index and classified into three groups of adherence to MD: high, medium, and low. In addition, impulsivity or impatience in intertemporal choice has been defined as a strong preference for small immediate rewards over large delayed ones. Objective: This study examines the relationship between dietary habits, specifically Mediterranean dietary pattern, measured by the KIDMED index, and the exhibited impatience in intertemporal choices, by means of the parameter k (discount rate of the hyperbolic discount function). Methods: A sample of 207 university students answered a questionnaire based on two tests: the KIDMED test, to assess the degree of adherence to MD, and an intertemporal choice questionnaire, to assess impatience or impulsivity. Individuals were grouped depending on their KIDMED score and then the discount rate or impulsivity parameter was calculated for each group. Results: Discount rates were inversely related to the degree of adherence to MD. The values of overall k were 1.53, 1.91, and 3.71% for the groups exhibiting high, medium and low adherence to MD, respectively. We also found higher k-values for larger rewards (magnitude effect) in the three groups. Conclusion: High adherence to MD is related to less steep time discounting, which implies less impulsivity (more self-control) or lower discount rates. Conversely, low adherence to MD is related to steeper time discounting, which implies impulsivity or higher discount rates. These findings could be used to identify the target population where policy interventions are needed in order to promote healthier diet habits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Taiki Takahashi
- Department of Behavioral Science, Center for Experimental Research in Social Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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50
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Cognitive and neuromodulation strategies for unhealthy eating and obesity: Systematic review and discussion of neurocognitive mechanisms. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 87:161-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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