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Tewari BP, Woo AM, Prim CE, Chaunsali L, Patel DC, Kimbrough IF, Engel K, Browning JL, Campbell SL, Sontheimer H. Astrocytes require perineuronal nets to maintain synaptic homeostasis in mice. Nat Neurosci 2024:10.1038/s41593-024-01714-3. [PMID: 39020018 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01714-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are densely packed extracellular matrices that cover the cell body of fast-spiking inhibitory neurons. PNNs stabilize synapses inhibiting synaptic plasticity. Here we show that synaptic terminals of fast-spiking interneurons localize to holes in the PNNs in the adult mouse somatosensory cortex. Approximately 95% of holes in the PNNs contain synapses and astrocytic processes expressing Kir4.1, glutamate and GABA transporters. Hence, holes in the PNNs contain tripartite synapses. In the adult mouse brain, PNN degradation causes an expanded astrocytic coverage of the neuronal somata without altering the axon terminals. The loss of PNNs impairs astrocytic transmitter and potassium uptake, resulting in the spillage of glutamate into the extrasynaptic space. Our data show that PNNs and astrocytes cooperate to contain synaptically released signals in physiological conditions. Their combined action is altered in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy where PNNs are disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu P Tewari
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - AnnaLin M Woo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Courtney E Prim
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lata Chaunsali
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Dipan C Patel
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ian F Kimbrough
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kaliroi Engel
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Susan L Campbell
- Department of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Harald Sontheimer
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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2
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Melrose J. CNS/PNS proteoglycans functionalize neuronal and astrocyte niche microenvironments optimizing cellular activity by preserving membrane polarization dynamics, ionic microenvironments, ion fluxes, neuronal activation, and network neurotransductive capacity. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25361. [PMID: 39034899 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Central and peripheral nervous system (CNS/PNS) proteoglycans (PGs) have diverse functional roles, this study examined how these control cellular behavior and tissue function. The CNS/PNS extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic, responsive, highly interactive, space-filling, cell supportive, stabilizing structure maintaining tissue compartments, ionic microenvironments, and microgradients that regulate neuronal activity and maintain the neuron in an optimal ionic microenvironment. The CNS/PNS contains a high glycosaminoglycan content (60% hyaluronan, HA) and a diverse range of stabilizing PGs. Immobilization of HA in brain tissues by HA interactive hyalectan PGs preserves tissue hydration and neuronal activity, a paucity of HA in brain tissues results in a pro-convulsant epileptic phenotype. Diverse CS, KS, and HSPGs stabilize the blood-brain barrier and neurovascular unit, provide smart gel neurotransmitter neuron vesicle storage and delivery, organize the neuromuscular junction basement membrane, and provide motor neuron synaptic plasticity, and photoreceptor and neuron synaptic functions. PG-HA networks maintain ionic fluxes and microgradients and tissue compartments that contribute to membrane polarization dynamics essential to neuronal activation and neurotransduction. Hyalectans form neuroprotective perineuronal nets contributing to synaptic plasticity, memory, and cognitive learning. Sialoglycoprotein associated with cones and rods (SPACRCAN), an HA binding CSPG, stabilizes the inter-photoreceptor ECM. HSPGs pikachurin and eyes shut stabilize the photoreceptor synapse aiding in phototransduction and neurotransduction with retinal bipolar neurons crucial to visual acuity. This is achieved through Laminin G motifs in pikachurin, eyes shut, and neurexins that interact with the dystroglycan-cytoskeleton-ECM-stabilizing synaptic interconnections, neuronal interactive specificity, and co-ordination of regulatory action potentials in neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Northern, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
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3
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Patel DC, Swift N, Tewari BP, Browning JL, Prim C, Chaunsali L, Kimbrough IF, Olsen ML, Sontheimer H. Increased expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in dentate gyrus and amygdala causes postinfectious seizures. Brain 2024; 147:1856-1870. [PMID: 38146224 PMCID: PMC11068111 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the extracellular matrix are common in patients with epilepsy and animal models of epilepsy, yet whether they are the cause or consequence of seizures and epilepsy development is unknown. Using Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection-induced model of acquired epilepsy, we found de novo expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), a major extracellular matrix component, in dentate gyrus (DG) and amygdala exclusively in mice with acute seizures. Preventing the synthesis of CSPGs specifically in DG and amygdala by deletion of the major CSPG aggrecan reduced seizure burden. Patch-clamp recordings from dentate granule cells revealed enhanced intrinsic and synaptic excitability in seizing mice that was significantly ameliorated by aggrecan deletion. In situ experiments suggested that dentate granule cell hyperexcitability results from negatively charged CSPGs increasing stationary cations on the membrane, thereby depolarizing neurons, increasing their intrinsic and synaptic excitability. These results show increased expression of CSPGs in the DG and amygdala as one of the causal factors for TMEV-induced acute seizures. We also show identical changes in CSPGs in pilocarpine-induced epilepsy, suggesting that enhanced CSPGs in the DG and amygdala may be a common ictogenic factor and potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipan C Patel
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Nathaniel Swift
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Bhanu P Tewari
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Jack L Browning
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Courtney Prim
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Lata Chaunsali
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Ian F Kimbrough
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Michelle L Olsen
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Harald Sontheimer
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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4
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da Silva MDV, da Silva Bonassa L, Piva M, Basso CR, Zaninelli TH, Machado CCA, de Andrade FG, Miqueloto CA, Sant Ana DDMG, Aktar R, Peiris M, Aziz Q, Blackshaw LA, Verri WA, de Almeida Araújo EJ. Perineuronal net in the extrinsic innervation of the distal colon of mice and its remodeling in ulcerative colitis. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38426587 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The perineuronal net (PNN) is a well-described highly specialized extracellular matrix structure found in the central nervous system. Thus far, no reports of its presence or connection to pathological processes have been described in the peripheral nervous system. Our study demonstrates the presence of a PNN in the spinal afferent innervation of the distal colon of mice and characterizes structural and morphological alterations induced in an ulcerative colitis (UC) model. C57Bl/6 mice were given 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce acute or chronic UC. L6/S1 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were collected. PNNs were labeled using fluorescein-conjugated Wisteria Floribunda (WFA) l lectin, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) immunofluorescence was used to detect DRG neurons. Most DRG cell bodies and their extensions toward peripheral nerves were found surrounded by the PNN-like structure (WFA+), labeling neurons' cytoplasm and the pericellular surfaces. The amount of WFA+ neuronal cell bodies was increased in both acute and chronic UC, and the PNN-like structure around cell bodies was thicker in UC groups. In conclusion, a PNN-like structure around DRG neuronal cell bodies was described and found modulated by UC, as changes in quantity, morphology, and expression profile of the PNN were detected, suggesting a potential role in sensory neuron peripheral sensitization, possibly modulating the pain profile of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Deroco Veloso da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurogastroenterology, Department of Histology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Department of Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Larissa da Silva Bonassa
- Laboratory of Neurogastroenterology, Department of Histology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maiara Piva
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Department of Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Camila Regina Basso
- Laboratory of Neurogastroenterology, Department of Histology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tiago Henrique Zaninelli
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Department of Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Camila Cristina Alves Machado
- Laboratory of Neurogastroenterology, Department of Histology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fábio Goulart de Andrade
- Laboratory of Histopathological Analysis, Department of Histology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Miqueloto
- Laboratory of Neurogastroenterology, Department of Histology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Rubina Aktar
- Wingate Institute for Neurogastroenterology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Madusha Peiris
- Wingate Institute for Neurogastroenterology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Qasim Aziz
- Wingate Institute for Neurogastroenterology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - L Ashley Blackshaw
- Wingate Institute for Neurogastroenterology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Department of Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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5
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Palicz R, Pater B, Truschow P, Witte M, Staiger JF. Intersectional strategy to study cortical inhibitory parvalbumin-expressing interneurons. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2829. [PMID: 38310185 PMCID: PMC10838283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Parvalbumin-expressing (PV) interneurons are key neuronal elements to a global excitatory-inhibitory balance in normal cortical functioning. To better understand the circuit functions of PV interneurons, reliable animal models are needed. This study investigated the sensitivity and specificity of the most frequently used PV-Cre/tdTomato mouse line in this regard. The colocalization of the transgene (tdTomato) with the parvalbumin protein, with GAD1 (a conclusive inhibitory cell marker) and Vglut1 (a conclusive excitatory cell marker) as well as with a marker for perineuronal nets (WFA) was assessed and a substantial proportion of layer 5 PV neurons was found to be excitatory and not inhibitory in the PV-Cre/tdTomato mouse. The intersectional transgenic mouse line Vgat-Cre/PV-Flp/tdTomato provided a solution, since no colocalization of tdTomato with the Vglut1 probe was found there. In conclusion, the Vgat-Cre/PV-Flp/tdTomato mouse line seems to be a more reliable animal model for functional studies of GABAergic PV interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeka Palicz
- Center Anatomy, Institute for Neuroanatomy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Bettina Pater
- Center Anatomy, Institute for Neuroanatomy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pavel Truschow
- Center Anatomy, Institute for Neuroanatomy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mirko Witte
- Center Anatomy, Institute for Neuroanatomy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jochen F Staiger
- Center Anatomy, Institute for Neuroanatomy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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6
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Zhang J, Chen S, Hu X, Huang L, Loh P, Yuan X, Liu Z, Lian J, Geng L, Chen Z, Guo Y, Chen B. The role of the peripheral system dysfunction in the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1337994. [PMID: 38298892 PMCID: PMC10828041 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1337994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a condition that greatly impacts the brain, leading to neurological dysfunction and heightened mortality rates, making it one of the primary organs affected. Injury to the central nervous system can be attributed to dysfunction of various organs throughout the entire body and imbalances within the peripheral immune system. Furthermore, central nervous system injury can create a vicious circle with infection-induced peripheral immune disorders. We collate the pathogenesis of septic encephalopathy, which involves microglial activation, programmed cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, neurotransmitter imbalance, and blood-brain barrier disruption. We also spotlight the effects of intestinal flora and its metabolites, enterocyte-derived exosomes, cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, peripheral T cells and their cytokines on septic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuangli Chen
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiyou Hu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lihong Huang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - PeiYong Loh
- School of International Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinru Yuan
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinyu Lian
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lianqi Geng
- Binhai New Area Hospital of TCM, Fourth Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin, China
| | - Zelin Chen
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Theory of Innovation and Application, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Theory of Innovation and Application, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Binhai New Area Hospital of TCM, Fourth Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Theory of Innovation and Application, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
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7
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Smail MA, Smith BL, Shukla R, Alganem K, Eby HM, Bollinger JL, Parikh RK, Chambers JB, Reigle JK, Moloney RD, Nawreen N, Wohleb ES, Pantazopoulos H, McCullumsmith RE, Herman JP. Molecular neurobiology of loss: a role for basolateral amygdala extracellular matrix. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4729-4741. [PMID: 37644175 PMCID: PMC10914625 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02231-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Psychological loss is a common experience that erodes well-being and negatively impacts quality of life. The molecular underpinnings of loss are poorly understood. Here, we investigate the mechanisms of loss using an environmental enrichment removal (ER) paradigm in male rats. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) was identified as a region of interest, demonstrating differential Fos responsivity to ER and having an established role in stress processing and adaptation. A comprehensive multi-omics investigation of the BLA, spanning multiple cohorts, platforms, and analyses, revealed alterations in microglia and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Follow-up studies indicated that ER decreased microglia size, complexity, and phagocytosis, suggesting reduced immune surveillance. Loss also substantially increased ECM coverage, specifically targeting perineuronal nets surrounding parvalbumin interneurons, suggesting decreased plasticity and increased inhibition within the BLA following loss. Behavioral analyses suggest that these molecular effects are linked to impaired BLA salience evaluation, leading to a mismatch between stimulus and reaction intensity. These loss-like behaviors could be rescued by depleting BLA ECM during the removal period, helping us understand the mechanisms underlying loss and revealing novel molecular targets to ameliorate its impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa A Smail
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Brittany L Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rammohan Shukla
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Khaled Alganem
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Hunter M Eby
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Justin L Bollinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ria K Parikh
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James B Chambers
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James K Reigle
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rachel D Moloney
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, UK
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, UK
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, UK
| | - Nawshaba Nawreen
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eric S Wohleb
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Harry Pantazopoulos
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Robert E McCullumsmith
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Neurosciences Institute, ProMedica, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - James P Herman
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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8
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Yuzhalin AE, Yu D. Critical functions of extracellular matrix in brain metastasis seeding. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:297. [PMID: 37728789 PMCID: PMC10511571 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04944-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Human brain is characterized by extremely sparse extracellular matrix (ECM). Despite its low abundance, the significance of brain ECM in both physiological and pathological conditions should not be underestimated. Brain metastasis is a serious complication of cancer, and recent findings highlighted the contribution of ECM in brain metastasis development. In this review, we provide a comprehensive outlook on how ECM proteins promote brain metastasis seeding. In particular, we discuss (1) disruption of the blood-brain barrier in brain metastasis; (2) role of ECM in modulating brain metastasis dormancy; (3) regulation of brain metastasis seeding by ECM-activated integrin signaling; (4) functions of brain-specific ECM protein reelin in brain metastasis. Lastly, we consider the possibility of targeting ECM for brain metastasis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arseniy E Yuzhalin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6565 MD Anderson Blvd, Unit 108, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dihua Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6565 MD Anderson Blvd, Unit 108, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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9
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Melrose J. Hyaluronan hydrates and compartmentalises the CNS/PNS extracellular matrix and provides niche environments conducive to the optimisation of neuronal activity. J Neurochem 2023; 166:637-653. [PMID: 37492973 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system/peripheral nervous system (CNS/PNS) extracellular matrix is a dynamic and highly interactive space-filling, cell-supportive, matrix-stabilising, hydrating entity that creates and maintains tissue compartments to facilitate regional ionic micro-environments and micro-gradients that promote optimal neural cellular activity. The CNS/PNS does not contain large supportive collagenous and elastic fibrillar networks but is dominated by a high glycosaminoglycan content, predominantly hyaluronan (HA) and collagen is restricted to the brain microvasculature, blood-brain barrier, neuromuscular junction and meninges dura, arachnoid and pia mater. Chondroitin sulphate-rich proteoglycans (lecticans) interactive with HA have stabilising roles in perineuronal nets and contribute to neural plasticity, memory and cognitive processes. Hyaluronan also interacts with sialoproteoglycan associated with cones and rods (SPACRCAN) to stabilise the interphotoreceptor matrix and has protective properties that ensure photoreceptor viability and function is maintained. HA also regulates myelination/re-myelination in neural networks. HA fragmentation has been observed in white matter injury, multiple sclerosis, and traumatic brain injury. HA fragments (2 × 105 Da) regulate oligodendrocyte precursor cell maturation, myelination/remyelination, and interact with TLR4 to initiate signalling cascades that mediate myelin basic protein transcription. HA and its fragments have regulatory roles over myelination which ensure high axonal neurotransduction rates are maintained in neural networks. Glioma is a particularly invasive brain tumour with extremely high mortality rates. HA, CD44 and RHAMM (receptor for HA-mediated motility) HA receptors are highly expressed in this tumour. Conventional anti-glioma drug treatments have been largely ineffective and surgical removal is normally not an option. CD44 and RHAMM glioma HA receptors can potentially be used to target gliomas with PEP-1, a cell-penetrating HA-binding peptide. PEP-1 can be conjugated to a therapeutic drug; such drug conjugates have successfully treated dense non-operative tumours in other tissues, therefore similar applications warrant exploration as potential anti-glioma treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Northern, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
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10
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Druga R, Salaj M, Al-Redouan A. Parvalbumin - Positive Neurons in the Neocortex: A Review. Physiol Res 2023; 72:S173-S191. [PMID: 37565421 PMCID: PMC10660579 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium binding protein parvalbumin (PV) in the mammalian neocortex is expressed in a subpopulation of cortical GABAergic inhibitory interneurons. PV - producing interneurons represent the largest subpopulation of neocortical inhibitory cells, exhibit mutual chemical and electrical synaptic contacts and are well known to generate gamma oscillation. This review summarizes basic data of the distribution, afferent and efferent connections and physiological properties of parvalbumin expressing neurons in the neocortex. Basic data about participation of PV-positive neurons in cortical microcircuits are presented. Autaptic connections, metabolism and perineuronal nets (PNN) of PV positive neurons are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Druga
- Department of Anatomy, 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University Prague, Czech Republic.
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11
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Bundalian L, Su YY, Chen S, Velluva A, Kirstein AS, Garten A, Biskup S, Battke F, Lal D, Heyne HO, Platzer K, Lin CC, Lemke JR, Le Duc D. Epilepsies of presumed genetic etiology show enrichment of rare variants that occur in the general population. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:1110-1122. [PMID: 37369202 PMCID: PMC10357498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that severe epilepsies, e.g., developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs), are mainly caused by ultra-rare de novo genetic variants. For milder disease, rare genetic variants could contribute to the phenotype. To determine the importance of rare variants for different epilepsy types, we analyzed a whole-exome sequencing cohort of 9,170 epilepsy-affected individuals and 8,436 control individuals. Here, we separately analyzed three different groups of epilepsies: severe DEEs, genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE), and non-acquired focal epilepsy (NAFE). We required qualifying rare variants (QRVs) to occur in control individuals with an allele count ≥ 1 and a minor allele frequency ≤ 1:1,000, to be predicted as deleterious (CADD ≥ 20), and to have an odds ratio in individuals with epilepsy ≥ 2. We identified genes enriched with QRVs primarily in NAFE (n = 72), followed by GGE (n = 32) and DEE (n = 21). This suggests that rare variants may play a more important role for causality of NAFE than for DEE. Moreover, we found that genes harboring QRVs, e.g., HSGP2, FLNA, or TNC, encode proteins that are involved in structuring the brain extracellular matrix. The present study confirms an involvement of rare variants for NAFE that occur also in the general population, while in DEE and GGE, the contribution of such variants appears more limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnaeus Bundalian
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Yin-Yuan Su
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Siwei Chen
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Akhil Velluva
- Division of General Biochemistry, Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Sophia Kirstein
- Pediatric Research Center, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Garten
- Pediatric Research Center, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Saskia Biskup
- CeGaT GmbH, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, 72070 Tubingen, Germany
| | | | - Dennis Lal
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Henrike O Heyne
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Hasso-Plattner-Institut for Digital Engineering, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany; Hasso Plattner Institute at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland: FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Konrad Platzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chen-Ching Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Johannes R Lemke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Center for Rare Diseases, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Diana Le Duc
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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12
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Patel DC, Swift N, Tewari BP, Browning JL, Prim C, Chaunsali L, Kimbrough I, Olsen ML, Sontheimer H. Infection-induced epilepsy is caused by increased expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in hippocampus and amygdala. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.16.541066. [PMID: 37292901 PMCID: PMC10245664 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.16.541066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in the extracellular matrix (ECM) are common in epilepsy, yet whether they are cause or consequence of disease is unknow. Using Theiler's virus infection model of acquired epilepsy we find de novo expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), a major ECM component, in dentate gyrus (DG) and amygdala exclusively in mice with seizures. Preventing synthesis of CSPGs specifically in DG and amygdala by deletion of major CSPG aggrecan reduced seizure burden. Patch-clamp recordings from dentate granule cells (DGCs) revealed enhanced intrinsic and synaptic excitability in seizing mice that was normalized by aggrecan deletion. In situ experiments suggest that DGCs hyperexcitability results from negatively charged CSPGs increasing stationary cations (K+, Ca2+) on the membrane thereby depolarizing neurons, increasing their intrinsic and synaptic excitability. We show similar changes in CSPGs in pilocarpine-induced epilepsy suggesting enhanced CSPGs in the DG and amygdala may be a common ictogenic factor and novel therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipan C Patel
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Nathaniel Swift
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Bhanu P Tewari
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Jack L Browning
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Courtney Prim
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Lata Chaunsali
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Ian Kimbrough
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Michelle L Olsen
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Harald Sontheimer
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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13
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Soles A, Selimovic A, Sbrocco K, Ghannoum F, Hamel K, Moncada EL, Gilliat S, Cvetanovic M. Extracellular Matrix Regulation in Physiology and in Brain Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7049. [PMID: 37108212 PMCID: PMC10138624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounds cells in the brain, providing structural and functional support. Emerging studies demonstrate that the ECM plays important roles during development, in the healthy adult brain, and in brain diseases. The aim of this review is to briefly discuss the physiological roles of the ECM and its contribution to the pathogenesis of brain disease, highlighting the gene expression changes, transcriptional factors involved, and a role for microglia in ECM regulation. Much of the research conducted thus far on disease states has focused on "omic" approaches that reveal differences in gene expression related to the ECM. Here, we review recent findings on alterations in the expression of ECM-associated genes in seizure, neuropathic pain, cerebellar ataxia, and age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Next, we discuss evidence implicating the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) in regulating the expression of ECM genes. HIF-1 is induced in response to hypoxia, and also targets genes involved in ECM remodeling, suggesting that hypoxia could contribute to ECM remodeling in disease conditions. We conclude by discussing the role microglia play in the regulation of the perineuronal nets (PNNs), a specialized form of ECM in the central nervous system. We show evidence that microglia can modulate PNNs in healthy and diseased brain states. Altogether, these findings suggest that ECM regulation is altered in brain disease, and highlight the role of HIF-1 and microglia in ECM remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Soles
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Adem Selimovic
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kaelin Sbrocco
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ferris Ghannoum
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Katherine Hamel
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Emmanuel Labrada Moncada
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Stephen Gilliat
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Marija Cvetanovic
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 2101 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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14
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Tewari BP, Woo AM, Prim CE, Chaunsali L, Kimbrough IF, Engel K, Browning JL, Campbell SL, Sontheimer H. Perineuronal nets support astrocytic ion and glutamate homeostasis at tripartite synapses. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2501039. [PMID: 36778342 PMCID: PMC9915772 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2501039/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are dense, negatively charged extracellular matrices that cover the cell body of fast-spiking inhibitory neurons. Synapses can be embedded and stabilized by PNNs believed to prevent synaptic plasticity. We find that in cortical fast-spiking interneurons synaptic terminals localize to perforations in the PNNs, 95% of which contain either excitatory or inhibitory synapses or both. The majority of terminals also colocalize with astrocytic processes expressing Kir4.1 as well as glutamate (Glu) and GABA transporters, hence can be considered tripartite synapses. In the adult brain, degradation of PNNs does not alter axonal terminals but causes expansion of astrocytic coverage of the neuronal somata. However, loss of PNNs impairs astrocytic transmitter and K+ uptake and causes spillage of synaptic Glu into the extrasynaptic space. This data suggests a hitherto unrecognized role of PNNs, to synergize with astrocytes to contain synaptically released signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu P. Tewari
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - AnnaLin M. Woo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Courtney E. Prim
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lata Chaunsali
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ian F. Kimbrough
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kaliroi Engel
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Harald Sontheimer
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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15
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Reduced expression of perineuronal nets in the normotopic somatosensory cortex of the tish rat. Brain Res 2023; 1800:148179. [PMID: 36511312 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The tish (telencephalic internal structural heterotopia) rat is a naturally occurring and unique model of a malformation of cortical development (MCD) arising from a sponeantous mutation in the Eml1 gene. Tish rats are characterized by a macroscopic bilateral heterotopic dysplastic cortex (HDCx) and an overlaying, intact normotopic neocortex (NNCx). These two cortices are functional and have been reported to innervate and establish connections with subcortical regions including the thalamus, resulting in a dual-cortical representation. Additionally, impaired GABAergic neurotransmission and early-onset spike wave discharge bursts have been reported in developing tish rats. Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialized extraceullar matrix structures that predominately surround and stabilize parvalbumin-positive (PV+) GABAergic interneurons and are essential components of the neural landscape. Here, we report a significant reduction in the average number of WFA+-PNNs in the normotopic somatosensory cortex (NSSCx) of the tish rat at two developmental time points, P16 and P35, corresponding to a decrease in the number of PV+ interneurons ensheathed by a PNN in the NSSCx. Compared with control animals, PNN expression was partially, but significantly restored following treatment with insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). These data suggest that the 'dual cortical representation' in the setting of an MCD reduces the cortical activation necessary for proper PNN expression likely contributing to the impairments in GABAergic neurotransmission and network excitability previously identified in the tish rat.
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16
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Sterner RC, Sterner RM. Immune response following traumatic spinal cord injury: Pathophysiology and therapies. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1084101. [PMID: 36685598 PMCID: PMC9853461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1084101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that is often associated with significant loss of function and/or permanent disability. The pathophysiology of SCI is complex and occurs in two phases. First, the mechanical damage from the trauma causes immediate acute cell dysfunction and cell death. Then, secondary mechanisms of injury further propagate the cell dysfunction and cell death over the course of days, weeks, or even months. Among the secondary injury mechanisms, inflammation has been shown to be a key determinant of the secondary injury severity and significantly worsens cell death and functional outcomes. Thus, in addition to surgical management of SCI, selectively targeting the immune response following SCI could substantially decrease the progression of secondary injury and improve patient outcomes. In order to develop such therapies, a detailed molecular understanding of the timing of the immune response following SCI is necessary. Recently, several studies have mapped the cytokine/chemokine and cell proliferation patterns following SCI. In this review, we examine the immune response underlying the pathophysiology of SCI and assess both current and future therapies including pharmaceutical therapies, stem cell therapy, and the exciting potential of extracellular vesicle therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Sterner
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Rosalie M. Sterner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States,*Correspondence: Rosalie M. Sterner,
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17
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Mueller-Buehl C, Wegrzyn D, Bauch J, Faissner A. Regulation of the E/I-balance by the neural matrisome. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1102334. [PMID: 37143468 PMCID: PMC10151766 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1102334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian cortex a proper excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance is fundamental for cognitive functions. Especially γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-releasing interneurons regulate the activity of excitatory projection neurons which form the second main class of neurons in the cortex. During development, the maturation of fast-spiking parvalbumin-expressing interneurons goes along with the formation of net-like structures covering their soma and proximal dendrites. These so-called perineuronal nets (PNNs) represent a specialized form of the extracellular matrix (ECM, also designated as matrisome) that stabilize structural synapses but prevent the formation of new connections. Consequently, PNNs are highly involved in the regulation of the synaptic balance. Previous studies revealed that the formation of perineuronal nets is accompanied by an establishment of mature neuronal circuits and by a closure of critical windows of synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, it has been shown that PNNs differentially impinge the integrity of excitatory and inhibitory synapses. In various neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders alterations of PNNs were described and aroused more attention in the last years. The following review gives an update about the role of PNNs for the maturation of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons and summarizes recent findings about the impact of PNNs in different neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders like schizophrenia or epilepsy. A targeted manipulation of PNNs might provide an interesting new possibility to indirectly modulate the synaptic balance and the E/I ratio in pathological conditions.
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18
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Ueno H, Takahashi Y, Murakami S, Wani K, Miyazaki T, Matsumoto Y, Okamoto M, Ishihara T. Component-Specific Reduction in Perineuronal Nets in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Strains. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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19
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John U, Patro N, Patro I. Perineuronal nets: Cruise from a honeycomb to the safety nets. Brain Res Bull 2022; 190:179-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Anwar MM, Özkan E, Gürsoy-Özdemir Y. The role of extracellular matrix alterations in mediating astrocyte damage and pericyte dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: A comprehensive review. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:5453-5475. [PMID: 34182602 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The brain is a highly vascularized tissue protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a complex structure allowing only necessary substances to pass through into the brain while limiting the entrance of harmful toxins. The BBB comprises several components, and the most prominent features are tight junctions between endothelial cells (ECs), which are further wrapped in a layer of pericytes. Pericytes are multitasked cells embedded in a thick basement membrane (BM) that consists of a fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM) and are surrounded by astrocytic endfeet. The primary function of astrocytes and pericytes is to provide essential blood supply and vital nutrients to the brain. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), long-term neuroinflammatory cascades associated with infiltration of harmful neurotoxic proteins may lead to BBB dysfunction and altered ECM components resulting in brain homeostatic imbalance, synaptic damage, and declined cognitive functions. Moreover, BBB structure and functional integrity may be lost due to induced ECM alterations, astrocyte damage, and pericytes dysfunction, leading to amyloid-beta (Aβ) hallmarks deposition in different brain regions. Herein, we highlight how BBB, ECM, astrocytes, and pericytes dysfunction can play a leading role in AD's pathogenesis and discuss their impact on brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Anwar
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Biochemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR)/Egyptian Drug Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Esra Özkan
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Gürsoy-Özdemir
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
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21
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Tewari BP, Chaunsali L, Prim CE, Sontheimer H. A glial perspective on the extracellular matrix and perineuronal net remodeling in the central nervous system. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1022754. [PMID: 36339816 PMCID: PMC9630365 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1022754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A structural scaffold embedding brain cells and vasculature is known as extracellular matrix (ECM). The physical appearance of ECM in the central nervous system (CNS) ranges from a diffused, homogeneous, amorphous, and nearly omnipresent matrix to highly organized distinct morphologies such as basement membranes and perineuronal nets (PNNs). ECM changes its composition and organization during development, adulthood, aging, and in several CNS pathologies. This spatiotemporal dynamic nature of the ECM and PNNs brings a unique versatility to their functions spanning from neurogenesis, cell migration and differentiation, axonal growth, and pathfinding cues, etc., in the developing brain, to stabilizing synapses, neuromodulation, and being an active partner of tetrapartite synapses in the adult brain. The malleability of ECM and PNNs is governed by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Glial cells are among the major extrinsic factors that facilitate the remodeling of ECM and PNN, thereby acting as key regulators of diverse functions of ECM and PNN in health and diseases. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of PNNs and how glial cells are central to ECM and PNN remodeling in normal and pathological states of the CNS.
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22
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Reorganization of the Brain Extracellular Matrix in Hippocampal Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158197. [PMID: 35897768 PMCID: PMC9332352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important regulator of excitability and synaptic plasticity, especially in its highly condensed form, the perineuronal nets (PNN). In patients with drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), hippocampal sclerosis type 1 (HS1) is the most common histopathological finding. This study aimed to evaluate the ECM profile of HS1 in surgically treated drug-resistant patients with MTLE in correlation to clinical findings. Hippocampal sections were immunohistochemically stained for aggrecan, neurocan, versican, chondroitin-sulfate (CS56), fibronectin, Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA), a nuclear neuronal marker (NeuN), parvalbumin (PV), and glial-fibrillary-acidic-protein (GFAP). In HS1, besides the reduced number of neurons and astrogliosis, we found a significantly changed expression pattern of versican, neurocan, aggrecan, WFA-specific glycosylation, and a reduced number of PNNs. Patients with a lower number of epileptic episodes had a less intense diffuse WFA staining in Cornu Ammonis (CA) fields. Our findings suggest that PNN reduction, changed ECM protein, and glycosylation expression pattern in HS1 might be involved in the pathogenesis and persistence of drug-resistant MTLE by contributing to the increase of CA pyramidal neurons’ excitability. This research corroborates the validity of ECM molecules and their modulators as a potential target for the development of new therapeutic approaches to drug-resistant epilepsy.
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23
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YILMAZ T, TÜZÜN D, ŞAHİN M, KILINÇ M. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OXIDATIVE STRESS AND SERUM PROLIDASE ACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY, RETINOPATHY AND NEUROPATHY. KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNIVERSITESI TIP FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2022. [DOI: 10.17517/ksutfd.1079948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Amaç: Diyabetin mikrovasküler komplikasyonlarında oksidatif stresin belirteçlerini incelemek, prolidazın oksidatif stres göstergeleriyle ilişkisini incelemek, prolidazın prediktif değer olarak kullanılabilirliliğini araştırmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya 112 tip 2 Diyabetes Mellitusu (DM) olan hasta ve 44 sağlıklı kontrol birey alındı. Hastaların ayrıntılı anamnezleri alınıp fizik muayeneleri yapıldı. Açlık plazma glukozu (APG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), kreatinin, spot idrarda mikrototal protein düzeyleri bakıldı. Göz dibi muayenesi ile diyabetik retinopati varlığı araştırıldı. Nöropati varlığı açısından nörolojik muayeneleri yapıldı. Ayrıca tüm hastaların sabah alınan kan örneğinde oksidatif stress için katalaz (CAT), superoksit dismutaz(SOD), glutatyon peroksidaz (GPx), malondialdehit (MDA), nitrik oksit(NO), serum prolidaz aktivitesi ölçümü yapıldı.
Bulgular: Tip 2 DM olan hastaların 80’inde (%71,42) komplikasyon mevcut iken 41’inde (%28,58) komplikasyon yoktu. Açlık plazma glukozu diyabetik komplikasyonu olan grupta diğer gruplara anlamlı olarak yüksekti (p
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğba YILMAZ
- KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ
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24
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Kumar A, Biswas A, Bojja SL, Kolathur KK, Volety SM. Emerging therapeutic role of chondroitinase (ChABC) in neurological disorders and cancer. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885517666220331151619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Proteoglycans are essential biomacromolecules that participate in matrix structure and organization, cell proliferation and migration, and cell surface signal transduction. However, their roles in physiology, particularly in CNS remain incompletely deciphered. Numerous studies highlight the elevated levels of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs) in various diseases like cancers and neurological disorders like spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain damage, neurodegenerative diseases, and are mainly implicated to hinder tissue repair. In such a context, chondroitinase ABC (ChABC), a therapeutic enzyme has shown immense hope to treat these diseases in several preclinical studies, primarily attributed to the digestion of the side chains of the proteoglycan chondroitin sulphate (CS) molecule. Despite extensive research, the progress in evolving the concept of therapeutic targeting of proteoglycans is still in its infancy. This review thus provides fresh insights into the emerging therapeutic applications of ChABC in various diseases apart from SCI and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshara Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Aishi Biswas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sree Lalitha Bojja
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Kiran Kumar Kolathur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Subrahmanyam M Volety
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
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25
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Chouhan JK, Püntener U, Booth SG, Teeling JL. Systemic Inflammation Accelerates Changes in Microglial and Synaptic Markers in an Experimental Model of Chronic Neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:760721. [PMID: 35058740 PMCID: PMC8764443 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.760721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly, and particularly in individuals with a neurodegenerative disease. Experimental models of neurodegeneration have shown that LPS-induced systemic inflammation increases neuronal damage, a process thought to be mediated by activation of "primed" microglia. The effects of a real systemic bacterial infection on the innate immune cells in the brain and neuronal networks are less well described, and therefore, in this study we use the ME7 prion model to investigate the alterations in microglia activation and phenotype and synaptic markers in response to a low grade, live bacterial infection. Mice with or without a pre-existing ME7 prion-induced neurodegenerative disease were given a single systemic injection of live Salmonella typhimurium at early or mid-stage of disease progression. Immune activation markers CD11b and MHCII and pro-inflammatory cytokines were analyzed 4 weeks post-infection. Systemic infection with S. typhimurium resulted in an exaggerated inflammatory response when compared to ME7 prion mice treated with saline. These changes to inflammatory markers were most pronounced at mid-stage disease. Analysis of synaptic markers in ME7 prion mice revealed a significant reduction of genes that are associated with early response in synaptic plasticity, extracellular matrix structure and post-synaptic density, but no further reduction following systemic infection. In contrast, analysis of activity-related neuronal receptors involved in development of learning and memory, such as Grm1 and Grin2a, showed a significant decrease in response to systemic bacterial challenge. These changes were observed early in the disease progression and associated with reduced burrowing activity. The exaggerated innate immune activation and altered expression of genes linked to synaptic plasticity may contribute to the onset and/or progression of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jessica L. Teeling
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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26
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Perez-Rando M, Guirado R, Tellez-Merlo G, Carceller H, Nacher J. Estradiol Regulates Polysialylated Form of the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule Expression and Connectivity of O-LM Interneurons in the Hippocampus of Adult Female Mice. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 112:51-67. [PMID: 33550289 DOI: 10.1159/000515052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The estrous cycle is caused by the changing concentration of ovarian hormones, particularly 17β-estradiol, a hormone whose effect on excitatory circuits has been extensively reported. However, fewer studies have tried to elucidate how this cycle, or this hormone, affects the plasticity of inhibitory networks and the structure of interneurons. Among these cells, somatostatin-expressing O-LM neurons of the hippocampus are especially interesting. They have a role in the modulation of theta oscillations, and they receive direct input from the entorhinal cortex, which place them in the center of hippocampal function. In this study, we report that the expression of polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) in the hippocampus, a molecule involved in the plasticity of somatostatin-expressing interneurons in the adult brain, fluctuated through the different stages of the estrous cycle. Likewise, these stages and the expression of PSA-NCAM affected the density of dendritic spines of O-LM cells. We also describe that 17β-estradiol replacement of adult ovariectomized female mice caused an increase in the perisomatic inhibitory puncta in O-LM interneurons as well as an increase in their axonal bouton density. Interestingly, this treatment also induced a decrease in their dendritic spine density, specifically in O-LM interneurons lacking PSA-NCAM expression. Finally, using an ex vivo real-time assay with entorhinal-hippocampal organotypic cultures, we show that this hormone decreased the dynamics in spinogenesis, altogether highlighting the modulatory effect that 17β-estradiol has on inhibitory circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Perez-Rando
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and BIOTECMED Institute, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramon Guirado
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and BIOTECMED Institute, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Dirección General de Universidades, Gobierno de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Guillermina Tellez-Merlo
- Lab. Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Hector Carceller
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and BIOTECMED Institute, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and BIOTECMED Institute, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERSAM: Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Valencia, Spain
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27
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Bosi A, Banfi D, Bistoletti M, Moretto P, Moro E, Crema F, Maggi F, Karousou E, Viola M, Passi A, Vigetti D, Giaroni C, Baj A. Hyaluronan: A Neuroimmune Modulator in the Microbiota-Gut Axis. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010126. [PMID: 35011688 PMCID: PMC8750446 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The commensal microbiota plays a fundamental role in maintaining host gut homeostasis by controlling several metabolic, neuronal and immune functions. Conversely, changes in the gut microenvironment may alter the saprophytic microbial community and function, hampering the positive relationship with the host. In this bidirectional interplay between the gut microbiota and the host, hyaluronan (HA), an unbranched glycosaminoglycan component of the extracellular matrix, has a multifaceted role. HA is fundamental for bacterial metabolism and influences bacterial adhesiveness to the mucosal layer and diffusion across the epithelial barrier. In the host, HA may be produced and distributed in different cellular components within the gut microenvironment, playing a role in the modulation of immune and neuronal responses. This review covers the more recent studies highlighting the relevance of HA as a putative modulator of the communication between luminal bacteria and the host gut neuro-immune axis both in health and disease conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease and ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Bosi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Davide Banfi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Michela Bistoletti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Paola Moretto
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Moro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesca Crema
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Evgenia Karousou
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Manuela Viola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Davide Vigetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Cristina Giaroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
- Centre of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0332-217412; Fax: +39-0332-217111
| | - Andreina Baj
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
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28
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Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are condensed extracellular matrix (ECM) assemblies of
polyanionic chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, hyaluronan, and tenascins that
primarily wrap around GABAergic parvalbumin (PV) interneurons. During
development, PNN formation terminates the critical period of neuroplasticity, a
process that can be reversed by experimental disruption of PNNs. Perineuronal
nets also regulate the intrinsic properties of the enclosed PV neurons thereby
maintaining their inhibitory activity. Recent studies have implicated PNNs in
central nervous system diseases as well as PV neuron dysfunction; consequently,
they have further been associated with altered inhibition, particularly in the
genesis of epilepsy. A wide range of seizure presentations in human and rodent
models exhibit ECM remodeling with PNN disruption due to elevated protease
activity. Inhibition of PNN proteolysis reduces seizure activity suggesting that
PNN degrading enzymes may be potential novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lata Chaunsali
- School of Neuroscience Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.,Glial Biology in Health, Disease, and Cancer Center, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Bhanu P Tewari
- Glial Biology in Health, Disease, and Cancer Center, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Harald Sontheimer
- Glial Biology in Health, Disease, and Cancer Center, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
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29
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Carstens KE, Lustberg DJ, Shaughnessy EK, McCann KE, Alexander GM, Dudek SM. Perineuronal net degradation rescues CA2 plasticity in a mouse model of Rett syndrome. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e137221. [PMID: 34228646 DOI: 10.1172/jci137221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs), a specialized form of extracellular matrix, are abnormal in the brains of people with Rett syndrome (RTT). We previously reported that PNNs function to restrict synaptic plasticity in hippocampal area CA2, which is unusually resistant to long-term potentiation (LTP) and has been linked to social learning in mice. Here we report that PNNs appear elevated in area CA2 of the hippocampus of an individual with RTT and that PNNs develop precociously and remain elevated in area CA2 of a mouse model of RTT (Mecp2-null). Further, we provide evidence that LTP could be induced at CA2 synapses prior to PNN maturation (postnatal day 8-11) in wild-type mice and that this window of plasticity was prematurely restricted at CA2 synapses in Mecp2-null mice. Degrading PNNs in Mecp2-null hippocampus was sufficient to rescue the premature disruption of CA2 plasticity. We identified several molecular targets that were altered in the developing Mecp2-null hippocampus that may explain aberrant PNNs and CA2 plasticity, and we discovered that CA2 PNNs are negatively regulated by neuronal activity. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that CA2 PNN development is regulated by Mecp2 and identify a window of hippocampal plasticity that is disrupted in a mouse model of RTT.
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30
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Charelli LE, Ferreira JPD, Naveira-Cotta CP, Balbino TA. Engineering mechanobiology through organoids-on-chip: A strategy to boost therapeutics. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 15:883-899. [PMID: 34339588 DOI: 10.1002/term.3234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical environment of living cells is as critical as chemical signaling. Mechanical stimuli play a pivotal role in organogenesis and tissue homeostasis. Unbalances in mechanotransduction pathways often lead to diseases, such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Despite its inherent relevance, there is a lack of proper mechanoresponsive in vitro study systems. In this context, there is an urge to engineer innovative, robust, dynamic, and reliable organotypic technologies to better connect cellular processes to organ-level function and multi-tissue cross-talk. Mechanically active organoid-on-chip has the potential to surpass this challenge. These systems converge microfabrication, microfluidics, biophysics, and tissue engineering fields to emulate key features of living organisms, hence, reducing costs, time, and animal testing. In this review, we intended to present cutting-edge organ-on-chip platforms that integrate biomechanical stimuli as well as novel multicellular culture, such as organoids. We focused on its application in two main fields: precision medicine and drug development. Moreover, we also discussed the state of the art for the development of an engineered model to assess patient-derived tumor organoid metastatic potential. Finally, we highlighted the current drawbacks and emerging opportunities to match the industry needs. We envision the use of mechanoresponsive organotypic-on-chip microdevices as an indispensable tool for precision medicine, drug development, disease modeling, tissue engineering, and developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia E Charelli
- Nanotechnology Engineering Program, Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Mechanical Engineering Department POLI & COPPE/UFRJ, Laboratory of Nano & Microfluidics and Microsystems-LabMEMS, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João P D Ferreira
- Undergraduate Program in Nanotechnology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolina P Naveira-Cotta
- Mechanical Engineering Department POLI & COPPE/UFRJ, Laboratory of Nano & Microfluidics and Microsystems-LabMEMS, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tiago A Balbino
- Nanotechnology Engineering Program, Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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31
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Bucher EA, Collins JM, King AE, Vickers JC, Kirkcaldie MTK. Coherence and cognition in the cortex: the fundamental role of parvalbumin, myelin, and the perineuronal net. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:2041-2055. [PMID: 34175994 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02327-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The calcium binding protein parvalbumin is expressed in interneurons of two main morphologies, the basket and chandelier cells, which target perisomatic domains on principal cells and are extensively interconnected in laminar networks by synapses and gap junctions. Beyond its utility as a convenient cellular marker, parvalbumin is an unambiguous identifier of the key role that these interneurons play in the fundamental functions of the cortex. They provide a temporal framework for principal cell activity by propagating gamma oscillation, providing coherence for cortical information processing and the basis for timing-dependent plasticity processes. As these parvalbumin networks mature, they are physically and functionally stabilised by axonal myelination and development of the extracellular matrix structure termed the perineuronal net. This maturation correlates with the emergence of high-speed, highly energetic activity and provides a coherent foundation for the unique ability of the cortex to cross-correlate activity across sensory modes and internal representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie A Bucher
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 143, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Jessica M Collins
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 143, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Anna E King
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 143, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - James C Vickers
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 143, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Matthew T K Kirkcaldie
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 143, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.
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32
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Hirono M, Karube F, Yanagawa Y. Modulatory Effects of Monoamines and Perineuronal Nets on Output of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:661899. [PMID: 34194302 PMCID: PMC8236809 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.661899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Classically, the cerebellum has been thought to play a significant role in motor coordination. However, a growing body of evidence for novel neural connections between the cerebellum and various brain regions indicates that the cerebellum also contributes to other brain functions implicated in reward, language, and social behavior. Cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) make inhibitory GABAergic synapses with their target neurons: other PCs and Lugaro/globular cells via PC axon collaterals, and neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) via PC primary axons. PC-Lugaro/globular cell connections form a cerebellar cortical microcircuit, which is driven by serotonin and noradrenaline. PCs' primary outputs control not only firing but also synaptic plasticity of DCN neurons following the integration of excitatory and inhibitory inputs in the cerebellar cortex. Thus, strong PC-mediated inhibition is involved in cerebellar functions as a key regulator of cerebellar neural networks. In this review, we focus on physiological characteristics of GABAergic transmission from PCs. First, we introduce monoaminergic modulation of GABAergic transmission at synapses of PC-Lugaro/globular cell as well as PC-large glutamatergic DCN neuron, and a Lugaro/globular cell-incorporated microcircuit. Second, we review the physiological roles of perineuronal nets (PNNs), which are organized components of the extracellular matrix and enwrap the cell bodies and proximal processes, in GABA release from PCs to large glutamatergic DCN neurons and in cerebellar motor learning. Recent evidence suggests that alterations in PNN density in the DCN can regulate cerebellar functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritoshi Hirono
- Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Karube
- Lab of Histology and Cytology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuchio Yanagawa
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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33
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Zhang Y, Al Mamun A, Yuan Y, Lu Q, Xiong J, Yang S, Wu C, Wu Y, Wang J. Acute spinal cord injury: Pathophysiology and pharmacological intervention (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:417. [PMID: 33846780 PMCID: PMC8025476 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most debilitating of all the traumatic conditions that afflict individuals. For a number of years, extensive studies have been conducted to clarify the molecular mechanisms of SCI. Experimental and clinical studies have indicated that two phases, primary damage and secondary damage, are involved in SCI. The initial mechanical damage is caused by local impairment of the spinal cord. In addition, the fundamental mechanisms are associated with hyperflexion, hyperextension, axial loading and rotation. By contrast, secondary injury mechanisms are led by systemic and cellular factors, which may also be initiated by the primary injury. Although significant advances in supportive care have improved clinical outcomes in recent years, a number of studies continue to explore specific pharmacological therapies to minimize SCI. The present review summarized some important pathophysiologic mechanisms that are involved in SCI and focused on several pharmacological and non‑pharmacological therapies, which have either been previously investigated or have a potential in the management of this debilitating injury in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, P.R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Qi Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Jun Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Shulin Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, P.R. China
| | - Chengbiao Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
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34
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Soans KG, Norden C. Shining a light on extracellular matrix dynamics in vivo. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 120:85-93. [PMID: 34030949 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is involved in facilitating morphogenesis during development in many contexts. Its role as a stable structure that supports, constrains and acts a substrate for migrating cells in developing tissues is well known and explored. However, recent studies that image fluorescently tagged matrix proteins in developing embryos and tissues, show more dynamic characteristics of matrices in diverse developmental contexts. In this review, we discuss new insights revealed by live-imaging of matrix proteins that help with the understanding of the dynamics of matrix deposition, degradation, turnover and rearrangement. Further, we discuss the mechanisms by which matrix dynamics can influence morphogenesis during development. We present our view on how the field can move in the future and what live-imaging approaches in diverse model organisms can contribute to this exciting area of developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen G Soans
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciênca, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, Germany.
| | - Caren Norden
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciênca, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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35
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ERMAYA M, DEMİR H, DEMİR C, KANMAZ H. INVESTİGATION OF AVERAGE VALUES OF PROLIDASE, ADENOZIN DEAMINASE, GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE AND GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE ENZYMES IN PANCREAS CANCERS. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.861254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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36
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Holter MC, Hewitt LT, Nishimura KJ, Knowles SJ, Bjorklund GR, Shah S, Fry NR, Rees KP, Gupta TA, Daniels CW, Li G, Marsh S, Treiman DM, Olive MF, Anderson TR, Sanabria F, Snider WD, Newbern JM. Hyperactive MEK1 Signaling in Cortical GABAergic Neurons Promotes Embryonic Parvalbumin Neuron Loss and Defects in Behavioral Inhibition. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:3064-3081. [PMID: 33570093 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many developmental syndromes have been linked to genetic mutations that cause abnormal ERK/MAPK activity; however, the neuropathological effects of hyperactive signaling are not fully understood. Here, we examined whether hyperactivation of MEK1 modifies the development of GABAergic cortical interneurons (CINs), a heterogeneous population of inhibitory neurons necessary for cortical function. We show that GABAergic-neuron specific MEK1 hyperactivation in vivo leads to increased cleaved caspase-3 labeling in a subpopulation of immature neurons in the embryonic subpallial mantle zone. Adult mutants displayed a significant loss of parvalbumin (PV), but not somatostatin, expressing CINs and a reduction in perisomatic inhibitory synapses on excitatory neurons. Surviving mutant PV-CINs maintained a typical fast-spiking phenotype but showed signs of decreased intrinsic excitability that coincided with an increased risk of seizure-like phenotypes. In contrast to other mouse models of PV-CIN loss, we discovered a robust increase in the accumulation of perineuronal nets, an extracellular structure thought to restrict plasticity. Indeed, we found that mutants exhibited a significant impairment in the acquisition of behavioral response inhibition capacity. Overall, our data suggest PV-CIN development is particularly sensitive to hyperactive MEK1 signaling, which may underlie certain neurological deficits frequently observed in ERK/MAPK-linked syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Holter
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Lauren T Hewitt
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Kenji J Nishimura
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Sara J Knowles
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | | | - Shiv Shah
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Noah R Fry
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Katherina P Rees
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Tanya A Gupta
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Carter W Daniels
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Guohui Li
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Steven Marsh
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | | | | | - Trent R Anderson
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Federico Sanabria
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - William D Snider
- University of North Carolina Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jason M Newbern
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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Nikolakopoulou P, Rauti R, Voulgaris D, Shlomy I, Maoz BM, Herland A. Recent progress in translational engineered in vitro models of the central nervous system. Brain 2020; 143:3181-3213. [PMID: 33020798 PMCID: PMC7719033 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the human brain poses a substantial challenge for the development of models of the CNS. Current animal models lack many essential human characteristics (in addition to raising operational challenges and ethical concerns), and conventional in vitro models, in turn, are limited in their capacity to provide information regarding many functional and systemic responses. Indeed, these challenges may underlie the notoriously low success rates of CNS drug development efforts. During the past 5 years, there has been a leap in the complexity and functionality of in vitro systems of the CNS, which have the potential to overcome many of the limitations of traditional model systems. The availability of human-derived induced pluripotent stem cell technology has further increased the translational potential of these systems. Yet, the adoption of state-of-the-art in vitro platforms within the CNS research community is limited. This may be attributable to the high costs or the immaturity of the systems. Nevertheless, the costs of fabrication have decreased, and there are tremendous ongoing efforts to improve the quality of cell differentiation. Herein, we aim to raise awareness of the capabilities and accessibility of advanced in vitro CNS technologies. We provide an overview of some of the main recent developments (since 2015) in in vitro CNS models. In particular, we focus on engineered in vitro models based on cell culture systems combined with microfluidic platforms (e.g. 'organ-on-a-chip' systems). We delve into the fundamental principles underlying these systems and review several applications of these platforms for the study of the CNS in health and disease. Our discussion further addresses the challenges that hinder the implementation of advanced in vitro platforms in personalized medicine or in large-scale industrial settings, and outlines the existing differentiation protocols and industrial cell sources. We conclude by providing practical guidelines for laboratories that are considering adopting organ-on-a-chip technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyxeni Nikolakopoulou
- AIMES, Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rossana Rauti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dimitrios Voulgaris
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iftach Shlomy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ben M Maoz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anna Herland
- AIMES, Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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Reh R, Williams LJ, Todd RM, Ward LM. Warped rhythms: Epileptic activity during critical periods disrupts the development of neural networks for human communication. Behav Brain Res 2020; 399:113016. [PMID: 33212087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that temporal lobe epilepsy-the most common and well-studied form of epilepsy-can impair communication by disrupting social-emotional and language functions. In pediatric epilepsy, where seizures co-occur with the development of critical brain networks, age of onset matters: The earlier in life seizures begin, the worse the disruption in network establishment, resulting in academic hardship and social isolation. Yet, little is known about the processes by which epileptic activity disrupts developing human brain networks. Here we take a synthetic perspective-reviewing a range of research spanning studies on molecular and oscillatory processes to those on the development of large-scale functional networks-in support of a novel model of how such networks can be disrupted by epilepsy. We seek to bridge the gap between research on molecular processes, on the development of human brain circuitry, and on clinical outcomes to propose a model of how epileptic activity disrupts brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Reh
- University of British Columbia, Department of Psychology, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Lynne J Williams
- BC Children's Hospital MRI Research Facility, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 0B3, Canada
| | - Rebecca M Todd
- University of British Columbia, Department of Psychology, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; University of British Columbia, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Lawrence M Ward
- University of British Columbia, Department of Psychology, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; University of British Columbia, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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39
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Tanaka S, Miyashita M, Wakabayashi N, O'Hashi K, Tani T, Ribot J. Development and Reorganization of Orientation Representation in the Cat Visual Cortex: Experience-Dependent Synaptic Rewiring in Early Life. Front Neuroinform 2020; 14:41. [PMID: 32973480 PMCID: PMC7468406 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2020.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, numerous mathematical models have been proposed on the basis of some types of Hebbian synaptic learning to account for the activity-dependent development of orientation maps as well as neuronal orientation selectivity. These models successfully reproduced orientation map-like spatial patterns. Nevertheless, we still have questions: (1) How does synaptic rewiring occur in the visual cortex during the formation of orderly orientation maps in early life? (2) How does visual experience contribute to the maturation of orientation selectivity of visual cortical neurons and reorganize orientation maps? (3) How does the sensitive period for orientation plasticity end? In this study, we performed animal experiments and mathematical modeling to understand the mechanisms underlying synaptic rewiring for experience-dependent formation and reorganization of orientation maps. At first, we visualized orientation maps from the intrinsic signal optical imaging in area 17 of kittens reared under single-orientation exposure through cylindrical-lens-fitted goggles. The experiments revealed that the degree of expansion of cortical domains representing the experienced orientation depends on the age at which the single-orientation exposure starts. As a result, we obtained the sensitive period profile for orientation plasticity. Next, we refined our previously proposed mathematical model for the activity-dependent self-organization of thalamo-cortical inputs on the assumption that rewiring is caused by the competitive interactions among transient synaptic contacts on the same dendritic spine. Although various kinds of molecules have been reported to be involved in such interactions, we attempt to build a mathematical model to describe synaptic rewiring focusing on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its related molecules. Performing computer simulations based on the refined model, we successfully reproduced orientation maps reorganized in kittens reared under single-orientation exposure as well as normal visual experience. We also reproduced the experimentally obtained sensitive period profile for orientation plasticity. The excellent agreement between experimental observations and theoretical reproductions suggests that the BDNF-induced competitive interaction among synaptic contacts from different axons on the same spine is an important factor for the experience-dependent formation and reorganization of orientation selectivity and orientation maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Tanaka
- Center for Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Japan
| | - Masanobu Miyashita
- Department of Control and Computer Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Numazu College, Numazu, Japan
| | - Nodoka Wakabayashi
- Power Plant Engineering, Engineering & Maintenance Center, All Nippon Airways Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori O'Hashi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Toshiki Tani
- Laboratory for Molecular Analysis of Higher Brain Functions, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Jérôme Ribot
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris, France
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Sun JH, Li G, Wu TT, Lin ZJ, Zou JL, Huang LJ, Xu HY, Wang JH, Ma YH, Zeng YS. Decellularization optimizes the inhibitory microenvironment of the optic nerve to support neurite growth. Biomaterials 2020; 258:120289. [PMID: 32814215 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic or homologous tissue transplantation is an effective strategy to repair tissue injury. However, the central nervous tissues like the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve are not ideal materials for nervous tissue regeneration due to the excessive axonal inhibitor cues in their microenvironments. In the present study, we found that decellularization optimizes the function of the adult optic nerve in supporting the oriented outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurites. The neurites growing on the decellularized optic nerve (DON) showed longer extension distances than those growing on the normal optic nerve (ON). Neurite branching was also significantly increased on the DON compared to on the ON. Decellularization selectively removed some axon-inhibitory molecules such as myelin-associated glycoprotein (basically not detected in DON) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (detected in DON at a level less than 0.3 fold that in ON) and preserved some axon-promoted extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, including collagen IV and laminin (detected at levels 6.0-fold higher in DON than in ON). Furthermore, collagen IV and laminin were shown to be preserved in DON, and their binding activities with integrin α1 were retained to promote the extension of DRG neurites. Together, the findings provide a feasible way to optimize the axon-inhibited microenvironment of central nervous tissues and establish a theoretical basis for the application of DON scaffolds in repairing central nervous injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Sun
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ge Li
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Institute of Spinal Cord Injury, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zi-Jing Lin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jian-Long Zou
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Function and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Li-Jun Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hao-Yu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jun-Hua Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuan-Huan Ma
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuan-Shan Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Institute of Spinal Cord Injury, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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41
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Ulbrich P, Khoshneviszadeh M, Jandke S, Schreiber S, Dityatev A. Interplay between perivascular and perineuronal extracellular matrix remodelling in neurological and psychiatric diseases. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:3811-3830. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Ulbrich
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
- Department of Neurology Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Mahsima Khoshneviszadeh
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
- Department of Neurology Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Solveig Jandke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
- Department of Neurology Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Stefanie Schreiber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
- Department of Neurology Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS) Magdeburg Germany
| | - Alexander Dityatev
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS) Magdeburg Germany
- Medical Faculty Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
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Abstract
In the adult mammalian hippocampus, new neurons arise from stem and progenitor cell division, in a process known as adult neurogenesis. Adult-generated neurons are sensitive to experience and may participate in hippocampal functions, including learning and memory, anxiety and stress regulation, and social behavior. Increasing evidence emphasizes the importance of new neuron connectivity within hippocampal circuitry for understanding the impact of adult neurogenesis on brain function. In this Review, we discuss how the functional consequences of new neurons arise from the collective interactions of presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons, glial cells, and the extracellular matrix, which together form the "tetrapartite synapse."
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise C Cope
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Elizabeth Gould
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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Anderson MD, Paylor JW, Scott GA, Greba Q, Winship IR, Howland JG. ChABC infusions into medial prefrontal cortex, but not posterior parietal cortex, improve the performance of rats tested on a novel, challenging delay in the touchscreen TUNL task. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:222-235. [PMID: 32414940 PMCID: PMC7233150 DOI: 10.1101/lm.050245.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialized extracellular matrix structures that surround subsets of neurons throughout the central nervous system (CNS). They are made up of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), hyaluronan, tenascin-R, and many other link proteins that together make up their rigid and lattice-like structure. Modulation of PNNs can alter synaptic plasticity and thereby affect learning, memory, and cognition. In the present study, we degraded PNNs in the medial prefrontal (mPFC) and posterior parietal (PPC) cortices of Long–Evans rats using the enzyme chondroitinase ABC (ChABC), which cleaves apart CSPGs. We then measured the consequences of PNN degradation on spatial working memory (WM) with a trial-unique, non-matching-to location (TUNL) automated touchscreen task. All rats were trained with a standard 6 sec delay and 20 sec inter-trial interval (ITI) and then tested under four different conditions: a 6 sec delay, a variable 2 or 6 sec delay, a 2 sec delay with a 1 sec ITI (interference condition), and a 20 sec delay. Rats that received mPFC ChABC treatment initially performed TUNL with higher accuracy, more selection trials completed, and fewer correction trials completed compared to controls in the 20 sec delay condition but did not perform differently from controls in any other condition. Rats that received PPC ChABC treatment did not perform significantly differently from controls in any condition. Posthumous immunohistochemistry confirmed an increase in CSPG degradation products (C4S stain) in the mPFC and PPC following ChABC infusions while WFA staining intensity and parvalbumin positive neuron number were decreased following mPFC, but not PPC, ChABC infusions. These findings suggest that PNNs in the mPFC play a subtle role in spatial WM, but PNNs in the PPC do not. Furthermore, it appears that PNNs in the mPFC are involved in adapting to a challenging novel delay, but that they do not play an essential role in spatial WM function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Anderson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - John W Paylor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Gavin A Scott
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Quentin Greba
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Ian R Winship
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - John G Howland
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
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Mohamedi Y, Fontanil T, Cobo T, Cal S, Obaya AJ. New Insights into ADAMTS Metalloproteases in the Central Nervous System. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030403. [PMID: 32150898 PMCID: PMC7175268 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are key players in regulating cellular functions throughout the whole organism. In fact, ECM components not only participate in tissue organization but also contribute to processes such as cellular maintenance, proliferation, and migration, as well as to support for various signaling pathways. In the central nervous system (CNS), proteoglycans of the lectican family, such as versican, aggrecan, brevican, and neurocan, are important constituents of the ECM. In recent years, members of this family have been found to be involved in the maintenance of CNS homeostasis and to participate directly in processes such as the organization of perineural nets, the regulation of brain plasticity, CNS development, brain injury repair, axonal guidance, and even the altering of synaptic responses. ADAMTSs are a family of “A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs” proteins that have been found to be involved in a multitude of processes through the degradation of lecticans and other proteoglycans. Recently, alterations in ADAMTS expression and activity have been found to be involved in neuronal disorders such as stroke, neurodegeneration, schizophrenia, and even Alzheimer’s disease, which in turn may suggest their potential use as therapeutic targets. Herein, we summarize the different roles of ADAMTSs in regulating CNS events through interactions and the degradation of ECM components (more specifically, the lectican family of proteoglycans).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamina Mohamedi
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; (Y.M.); (T.F.); (S.C.)
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Fisiología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología, IUOPA, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Tania Fontanil
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; (Y.M.); (T.F.); (S.C.)
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Fisiología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología, IUOPA, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Departamento de Investigación, Instituto Ordóñez, 33012 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Teresa Cobo
- Departamento de Cirugía y Especialidades Médico-Quirúrgicas, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain;
- Instituto Asturiano de Odontología, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Santiago Cal
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; (Y.M.); (T.F.); (S.C.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología, IUOPA, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Alvaro J. Obaya
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Fisiología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología, IUOPA, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Alcaide J, Guirado R, Crespo C, Blasco-Ibáñez JM, Varea E, Sanjuan J, Nacher J. Alterations of perineuronal nets in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of neuropsychiatric patients. Int J Bipolar Disord 2019; 7:24. [PMID: 31728775 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-019-0161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in the structure and physiology of interneurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are important factors in the etiopathology of different psychiatric disorders. Among the interneuronal subpopulations, parvalbumin (PV) expressing cells appear to be specially affected. Interestingly, during development and adulthood the connectivity of these interneurons is regulated by the presence of perineuronal nets (PNNs), specialized regions of the extracellular matrix, which are frequently surrounding PV expressing neurons. Previous reports have found anomalies in the density of PNNs in the PFC of schizophrenic patients. However, although some studies have described alterations in PNNs in some extracortical regions of bipolar disorder patients, there are no studies focusing on the prefrontocortical PNNs of bipolar or major depression patients. For this reason, we have analyzed the density of PNNs in post-mortem sections of the dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) from the Stanley Neuropathology Consortium, which includes controls, schizophrenia, bipolar and major depression patients. RESULTS We have not observed differences in the distribution of PV+ cells or PNNs, or in the percentage of PV+ interneurons surrounded by PNNs. The density of PV+ interneurons was similar in all the experimental groups, but there was a significantly lower density of PNNs in the DLPFC of bipolar disorder patients and a tendency towards a decrease in schizophrenic patients. No differences were found when evaluating the density of PV+ cells surrounded by PNNs. Interestingly, when assessing the influence of demographic data, we found an inverse correlation between the density of PNNs and the presence of psychosis. CONCLUSIONS The present results point to prefrontocortical PNNs and their role in the regulation of neuronal plasticity as putative players in the etiopathology of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Our findings also suggest a link between these specialized regions of the extracellular matrix and the presence of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Alcaide
- Neurobiology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Ramón Guirado
- Neurobiology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Carlos Crespo
- Neurobiology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - José Miguel Blasco-Ibáñez
- Neurobiology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Emilio Varea
- Neurobiology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Julio Sanjuan
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERSAM: Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain. .,CIBERSAM: Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Madrid, Spain. .,Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
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46
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Duncan JA, Foster R, Kwok JC. The potential of memory enhancement through modulation of perineuronal nets. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3611-3621. [PMID: 30924524 PMCID: PMC6715611 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With an increasingly aging global population, the incidence of neurological diseases such as dementia is set to increase to unmanageable levels, yet there are currently only symptomatic therapies available for treatment. The mechanisms underlying the development of some forms of dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), are not yet completely elucidated with several competing hypotheses existing. During the closure of the critical period in the brain, significant compositional changes occur to the neural extracellular matrix (ECM). Specifically, condensed mesh-like structures called perineuronal nets (PNNs) form around subsets of neurons and have a profound effect on axonal growth and limit neuronal plasticity. These PNNs act as a morphological checkpoint and can influence memory and cognition. Manipulating these important ECM structures may provide the key to reactivating plasticity and restoring memory, both of which are severely impaired in AD and other associated neurological diseases. This review explores the current understanding of how PNNs are manipulated and examines potential new methods for PNN modulation. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Therapeutics for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: New Directions for Precision Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.18/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Foster
- School of ChemistryUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Jessica C.F. Kwok
- School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
- Institute of Experimental MedicineCzech Academy of SciencePragueCzechia
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47
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Bosiacki M, Gąssowska-Dobrowolska M, Kojder K, Fabiańska M, Jeżewski D, Gutowska I, Lubkowska A. Perineuronal Nets and Their Role in Synaptic Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174108. [PMID: 31443560 PMCID: PMC6747153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules that are released by neurons and glial cells form perineuronal nets (PNNs) and modulate many neuronal and glial functions. PNNs, whose structure is still not known in detail, surround cell bodies and dendrites, which leaves free space for synapses to come into contact. A reduction in the expression of many neuronal ECM components adversely affects processes that are associated with synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. At the same time, increased ECM activity, e.g., as a result of astrogliosis following brain damage or in neuroinflammation, can also have harmful consequences. The therapeutic use of enzymes to attenuate elevated neuronal ECM expression after injury or in Alzheimer’s disease has proven to be beneficial by promoting axon growth and increasing synaptic plasticity. Yet, severe impairment of ECM function can also lead to neurodegeneration. Thus, it appears that to ensure healthy neuronal function a delicate balance of ECM components must be maintained. In this paper we review the structure of PNNs and their components, such as hyaluronan, proteoglycans, core proteins, chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans, tenascins, and Hapln proteins. We also characterize the role of ECM in the functioning of the blood-brain barrier, neuronal communication, as well as the participation of PNNs in synaptic plasticity and some clinical aspects of perineuronal net impairment. Furthermore, we discuss the participation of PNNs in brain signaling. Understanding the molecular foundations of the ways that PNNs participate in brain signaling and synaptic plasticity, as well as how they change in physiological and pathological conditions, may help in the development of new therapies for many degenerative and inflammatory diseases of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Bosiacki
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 54 Str., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gąssowska-Dobrowolska
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudyna Kojder
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Fabiańska
- Institute of Philosophy, University of Szczecin, Krakowska 71-79 Str., 71-017 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Jeżewski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Applied Neurocognitivistics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Department of Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24 Str., 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Lubkowska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 54 Str., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
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48
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Rauti R, Renous N, Maoz BM. Mimicking the Brain Extracellular Matrix
in Vitro
: A Review of Current Methodologies and Challenges. Isr J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Rauti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Tel Aviv University Israel
| | - Noa Renous
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Tel Aviv University Israel
| | - Ben M. Maoz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Tel Aviv University Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
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49
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Griffiths BB, Madden AMK, Edwards KA, Zup SL, Stary CM. Age-dependent sexual dimorphism in hippocampal cornu ammonis-1 perineuronal net expression in rats. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01265. [PMID: 30912298 PMCID: PMC6520292 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are extracellular matrices that encompass parvalbumin-expressing parvalbumin positive (PVALB+) fast-spiking inhibitory interneurons where they protect and stabilize afferent synapses. Recent observations that gonadal hormones influence PVALB+ neuron development suggest that PNN regulation may be sexually dimorphic. Sex differences in PNN abundance and complexity have been reported in sexually dimorphic nuclei in zebra finch brains; however, corresponding differences in mammalian brains have not been investigated. METHODS In this study we assessed the number of cortical and hippocampal PNNs in juvenile and young adult male and female rats using fluorescent immunohistochemistry for PVALB and the PNN marker Wisteria Floribunda Lectin. RESULTS We report here that PNNs are numerous and well developed in hippocampal cornu ammonis-1 of adult males but are lower in juvenile and possibly adult females. No significant differences were observed between sexes in cornu ammonis-3 or adjacent neocortex. There was an observed developmental difference in the neocortex as juveniles had more PVALB+ cells, but fewer PNN+ cells, than adults. CONCLUSIONS Because PNNs are integral for several hippocampal-mediated learning and memory tasks, these observations have potential sex-dependent translational implications for clinical strategies targeting cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian B Griffiths
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Amanda M K Madden
- Developmental and Brain Sciences Program, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kimbra A Edwards
- Developmental and Brain Sciences Program, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan L Zup
- Developmental and Brain Sciences Program, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Creed M Stary
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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50
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Alteration of parvalbumin expression and perineuronal nets formation in the cerebral cortex of aged mice. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 95:31-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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