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Andreotti C, Kolbe M, Capon-Sieber V, Spahn D, Breckwoldt J. Kids Save Lives - The kids' and teachers' view: How school children and schoolteachers would alter a BLS course designed by specialists. Resusc Plus 2024; 19:100731. [PMID: 39188894 PMCID: PMC11345691 DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2024.100731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Training schoolchildren in basic life support ('Kids-Save-Lives' training) is widely believed to improve outcomes from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Numerous programmes have been launched, but to our knowledge, neither children nor schoolteachers have been directly involved in designing these courses. This is unfortunate, as it is well-known that children (as the target goup of training) learn differently from adults. We therefore sought to explore the view of schoolchildren and their teachers on the design of a 'Kids-Save-Lives' course. Methods We designed a state-of-the-art, 90-min BLS training and delivered it to all 13 classes of a secondary community school (children aged 12-16). Directly after each training, we performed Video-Stimulated Recall (VSR) with 2 children and 2 schoolteachers. For VSR, we presented video sequences from defined sections of the training and related semi-structured questions to these sections. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results Twenty-four children and 24 teachers participated in the VSR. The overall satisfaction with the training was very high. Participants especially appreciated the brief theoretical introduction using a video, the high practical involvement, and the final scenario. Children suggested the program could be improved by better linking the video to the children's world, increasing excitement and action, and limiting the group size in the final scenario. Teachers suggested incorporating more theoretical background, using terms and language more consistently, and better integrating the program into the school curriculum. Conclusions Although very satisfied with a state-of-the-art 'Kids-Save-Lives' training, children and teachers made important suggestions for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Andreotti
- University Hospital Zurich, Institute of Anesthesiology, Switzerland
| | - M. Kolbe
- Simulation Center, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - V. Capon-Sieber
- Institute of Education, Dept. for Research on Learning, Instruction, and Didactics, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D.R. Spahn
- University Hospital Zurich, Institute of Anesthesiology, Switzerland
| | - J. Breckwoldt
- University Hospital Zurich, Institute of Anesthesiology, Switzerland
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Pitz Durič N, Borovnik Lesjak V, Strnad M. Comparison of Effectiveness of Two Different Practical Approaches to Teaching Basic Life Support and Use of an Automated External Defibrillator in Primary School Children. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1363. [PMID: 39202643 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60081363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: As the first three links of the chain of survival of victims of cardiac arrest depend on prompt action by bystanders, it is important to educate as much of the population as possible about basic life support and use of an automatic external defibrillator (BLS and AED). Schoolchildren are an accessible population that can be easily taught and numerous BLS and AED courses are available. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of two different practical approaches to teaching BLS and AED. Material and Methods: We compared two different BLS and AED courses (course A and B) offered to 280 eighth- and ninth-grade students in primary schools. Knowledge about and the intention to perform BLS and AED were evaluated using validated questionnaires before and after the courses. Descriptive methods were used to describe the results. To compare courses, we used the Mann-Whitney U test. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Differences in knowledge and intention to perform BLS and AED after the courses were significant between courses (p < 0.001 and p = 0.037, respectively). After course A, students demonstrated significantly better knowledge and numerically greater intention to perform BLS and AED (intention score 6.55 ± 0.61 out of 7). Conclusions: Courses in which students have the opportunity to individually practice BLS skills show a greater increase in knowledge and in intention to perform BLS and AED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Pitz Durič
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ul. 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Vesna Borovnik Lesjak
- Prehospital Unit, Emergency Medical Services Unit, Community Health Center Dr Adolfa Drolca Maribor, Cesta Proletarskih Brigad 21, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Matej Strnad
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ul. 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Prehospital Unit, Emergency Medical Services Unit, Community Health Center Dr Adolfa Drolca Maribor, Cesta Proletarskih Brigad 21, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Emergency Department, University Medical Center Maribor, Ljubljanska ul 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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Alzelfawi LA, Alhumaidan NI, AlDosari LM, Aldayel GF, Alzoum NM, Alsliham RB, Alawadh AA, AlMazyad DM, Alrizqi AA, Abdelrahman DS, Fayed AA, Goda AM. Readiness of University Students in Riyadh to Participate in Basic Life Support Programs: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e64749. [PMID: 39156297 PMCID: PMC11329184 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.64749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is one of the greatest causes of death in the world. When basic life support (BLS) techniques are performed rapidly, the odds of survival increase. The aim of this research is to assess the university students' preparation and knowledge level regarding their interest in participating in BLS. Methods A cross-sectional study using an online self-administered questionnaire was conducted between January 20 and March 20, 2022. The questionnaire addressed awareness about BLS, willingness to participate in such courses, perceived barriers and incentives, and course uptake, in addition to the sociodemographic profile of participants. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors significantly associated with the willingness to participate in BLS courses and the associations are reported as adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results A total of 1,546 students completed the questionnaire; almost half of them (n=761, 49.2%) were aged 17 to 21 and the majority were females (n=1,132, 73.2%). Only one-third of the population had heard about BLS (n=519, 33.6%), 27.1% (n=419) recognized where to register for BLS training, and 20.3% (n=314) had taken a BLS course. Most participants (n=1,081, 69.9%) demonstrated a low level of awareness. Conversely, a substantial portion (n=1,204, 77.9%) expressed a personal interest in undertaking the course. It was observed that participants who are affiliated with healthcare specialties (AOR = 5.96, 95% CI = 4.66-7.63, p<0.05) exhibited greater knowledge about BLS, while females (OR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.52-4.08, p<0.05) and those in healthcare specialties (OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.29-3.82, p<0.05) displayed a notably higher inclination to enroll in BLS courses compared to their counterparts. Conclusion Despite the limited awareness of BLS among university students, there is a strong willingness to engage in BLS courses. It is crucial to motivate students to partake in these courses and emphasize the availability of accredited centers for their education institutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama A Alzelfawi
- Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | - Lena M AlDosari
- Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Ghadah F Aldayel
- Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Nora M Alzoum
- Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Rahaf B Alsliham
- Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Afnan A Alawadh
- Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Dimah M AlMazyad
- Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Amjad A Alrizqi
- Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Doaa S Abdelrahman
- Clinical Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Amel A Fayed
- Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Amal M Goda
- Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Riyadh, SAU
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Bene Watts S, McDonagh E, Richardson W, Wilson N, Shi K. The rural CPR outreach project: Medical students teach bystander CPR to secondary school students. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF RURAL MEDICINE 2024; 29:103-108. [PMID: 39155632 DOI: 10.4103/cjrm.cjrm_45_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prompt bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can double the chance of cardiac arrest survival. Rural and remote communities experience longer emergency service wait times and have lower rates of bystander-CPR compared to their urban counterparts. Our study addresses this disparity. METHODS We designed a 1.5-h free hands-only CPR course tailored to secondary school students in rural and remote communities taught by medical students. We evaluated our course using pre-test and post-test surveys. RESULTS We taught over 300 secondary students in 5 days. Less than one-third of students had previously taken a CPR course. We found that brief CPR instruction taught by medical students was effective in both improving students' knowledge of CPR (t[528] = -26, P < 0.01) and perceived comfort in performing CPR (t[548] = -12, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION CPR courses taught by medical students are effective, low cost, and may help address regional health care disparities. Teaching CPR to rural/remote communities may have secondary benefits such as promoting health care careers to rural youth. We encourage other health professional programmes to consider engaging students in CPR outreach projects. INTRODUCTION Une réanimation cardio-pulmonaire rapide peut doubler les chances de survie en cas d'arrêt cardiaque. Les communautés rurales et éloignées connaissent des temps d'attente plus longs dans les services d'urgence et ont des taux plus faibles de RCP par rapport à leurs homologues urbains. Notre étude porte sur cette disparité. MTHODES Nous avons conçu un cours de RCP pratique et gratuit d'une heure et demie, adapté aux élèves du secondaire des communautés rurales et isolées et dispensé par des étudiants en médecine. Nous avons évalué notre cours à l'aide d'enquêtes pré-test et post-test. RSULTATS En 5 jours, nous avons enseigné à plus de 300 élèves du secondaire. Moins d'un tiers des élèves avaient déjà suivi un cours de RCP. Nous avons constaté qu'une brève formation à la RCP dispensée par des étudiants en médecine était efficace pour améliorer les connaissances des élèves en matière de RCP (t[528] = -26, P < 0,01) et la perception de leur aisance à pratiquer la RCP (t[548] = -12, P < 0,01). CONCLUSION Les cours de RCP dispensés par les étudiants en médecine sont efficaces, peu coûteux et peuvent contribuer à lutter contre les disparités régionales en matière de soins de santé. L'enseignement de la RCP aux communautés rurales/éloignées peut avoir des avantages secondaires tels que la promotion des carrières dans le domaine de la santé auprès des jeunes ruraux. Nous encourageons d'autres programmes professionnels de santé à envisager d'engager leurs étudiants dans des projets de sensibilisation à la RCP.
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Dumcke R, Wegner C, Wingen S, Rahe-Meyer N. Facilitators and Barriers Perceived by German Teachers Considering Basic Life Support Education in School-A Qualitative Study. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:1769-1785. [PMID: 38921083 PMCID: PMC11202837 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14060117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This qualitative study aims to analyse the personal qualification, attitudes and the pedagogical concepts of German teachers as experts in their profession regarding basic life support (BLS) education in secondary schools. Thirteen (n = 13) secondary school teachers participated in semi-structured expert interviews and were interviewed for at least 20 to 60 min regarding BLS student education. Interviews were semi-structured with guiding questions addressing (1) personal experience, (2) teacher qualification for BLS and (3) implementation factors (e.g., personal, material and organisational). Audio-recorded interviews were analysed by content analysis, generating a coding system. School teachers provided a heterogeneous view on implementation-related processes in BLS education. Many teachers were educated in first aid, acknowledge its importance, but had no experience in teaching BLS. They want to assure being competent for teaching BLS and need tailored trainings, materials, pedagogical information and the incorporation into the curriculum. Also, the management of time constraints, unwilling colleagues, or young students being overwhelmed were commonly mentioned considerations. Concluding, teachers reported to be willing to teach BLS but a stepwise implementation framework incorporating practice-oriented qualification and educational goals is missing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico Dumcke
- Faculty of Biology/Biology Didcactics (OZHB), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Claas Wegner
- Faculty of Biology/Biology Didcactics (OZHB), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Sabine Wingen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
- German Resuscitation Council, 89070 Ulm, Germany
- FOM University of Applied Sciences, 50678 Cologne, Germany
| | - Niels Rahe-Meyer
- Clinic for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Franziskus Hospital Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
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Katona Z, Tarkó K, Petrovszki Z, Győri F, Vári B, Polcsik B, Berki T. The Role of Social Problem-Solving and Prosocial Behavior in First Aid Willingness among Adolescents in Hungary. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:714. [PMID: 38929293 PMCID: PMC11201446 DOI: 10.3390/children11060714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
First aid is a key factor in preventing further deterioration in an accident, saving lives, or improving treatment in emergencies. However, the reasons behind the willingness to provide first aid are still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of social problem-solving and prosocial behavior in the dimension of first aid willingness. Self-administered questionnaires were used to evaluate the dimensions of first aid willingness (first aid willingness for peers, first aid willingness for strangers, knowledge, and negative emotions), social problem solving (positive problem orientation, negative problem orientation, rational problem solving, avoidance style, and impulsivity/carelessness) and prosocial behavior. A total of 497 school-aged students between the ages of 12 and 15 years (201 boys and 296 girls) participated in this study. Our results showed that positive problem orientation (p < 0.05) and rational problem solving (p < 0.001) are significant factors in determining first aid willingness for both peers and strangers. On the other hand, avoidance style orientation (p < 0.05) has a negative influence on the willingness to provide first aid to peers and strangers. Negative problem orientation (p < 0.001) only predicted negative emotions related to emergencies. Furthermore, prosocial behavior (p < 0.001) was more strongly associated with first aid willingness than social problem solving. Our study suggested that improving social competence could be a key factor in increasing first aid provision in real time, which could save lives in emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Katona
- Institute of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Juhász Gyula Faculty of Education, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.K.); (Z.P.); (B.V.); (B.P.)
- MTA-SZTE Health Promotion Research Group, 6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Klára Tarkó
- MTA-SZTE Health Promotion Research Group, 6725 Szeged, Hungary;
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences and Environmental Education, Juhász Gyula Faculty of Education, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zita Petrovszki
- Institute of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Juhász Gyula Faculty of Education, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.K.); (Z.P.); (B.V.); (B.P.)
| | - Ferenc Győri
- Institute of Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pécs, 7621 Pécs, Hungary;
- Sport Science Research Group, Gál Ferenc University, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Beáta Vári
- Institute of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Juhász Gyula Faculty of Education, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.K.); (Z.P.); (B.V.); (B.P.)
| | - Balázs Polcsik
- Institute of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Juhász Gyula Faculty of Education, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.K.); (Z.P.); (B.V.); (B.P.)
| | - Tamás Berki
- Department of Physical Education Theory and Methodology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123 Budapest, Hungary
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Spartinou A, Karageorgos V, Sorokos K, Darivianaki P, Petrakis EC, Papapanagiotou M, Fraidakis O, Nyktari V, Papaioannou A. Effects of peer-education training on cardiopulmonary resuscitation knowledge and skill retention of secondary school students: a feasibility study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e075961. [PMID: 38858144 PMCID: PMC11168120 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training dissemination in the community could be resolved by mass school training programmes. However, the availability of instructors remains an unsolved problem. Our purpose was to investigate the effects of three different instructor types: healthcare professionals, schoolteachers and peer students, on CPR skills retention of secondary school students 6 months after training. DESIGN The study was designed as a prospective randomised single-blinded controlled trial. The study ended before reaching the target sample size for the schoolteacher arm. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Students from three different secondary schools in Heraklion, Greece, were recruited to attend CPR training. INTERVENTIONS All participants received a manual and a digital video disc demonstrating the CPR/automated external defibrillator (AED) algorithm, followed by hands-on training. They were randomly assigned to receive training by either healthcare professionals, schoolteachers or peer students, who had previously been trained appropriately. OUTCOME MEASURES CPR knowledge and skill retention were evaluated immediately (secondary outcome) and 6 months after training (primary outcome), using a knowledge questionnaire, skill checklists and feedback device. RESULTS 408 students (199 girls - two non-binary) were enrolled in the study with a median age of 13 (IQR 12-14) years. A total of 255 students (125 girls) were reassessed at 6 months. Preliminary analysis of the data revealed no statistically significant differences between the three groups regarding factual knowledge immediately after training (p=0.226) and at 6 months (p=0.867). Immediately after training, more students trained by healthcare professionals or teachers performed safe defibrillation (p<0.000); however, this finding was dissipated at 6-month reassessment (p=0.202). Compliance with the CPR algorithm and the quality of hands-only CPR were not different (p>0.05) among the groups. CONCLUSIONS The type of instructor did not affect the CPR knowledge and skill retention of students 6 months after training. Schoolchildren acting as peer instructors could be an effective alternative to healthcare professionals and schoolteachers, although further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Othon Fraidakis
- University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Vasileia Nyktari
- University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Alexandra Papaioannou
- University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
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McGlinchey Ford M, Rogotzke CD, Bencik SL, Billian JR, Young JL, Bencik CD, Mastenbrook JD. Teaching Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation to Later Elementary School Students. Ann Emerg Med 2024; 83:385-393. [PMID: 37966412 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2023.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) rates remain low in the United States. Training children is a proposed method to increase this rate, but data on the compression efficacy of US elementary school-aged children are scarce. We hypothesized that fourth and fifth graders could learn how to respond to cardiac arrests and provide effective chest compressions. METHODS We conducted a nonrandomized before-and-after study with fourth- and fifth-grade elementary students. Two 2-hour CPR educational sessions were held. Two weeks later, skills were assessed using a de novo checklist, and manikin-analyzed compression effectiveness (dichotomized at 50% efficacy) was analyzed using Chi-squared tests. We used paired t tests to evaluate knowledge change on identical pre- and post-tests. Secondary analysis evaluated associations between compression effectiveness and grade, age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) using Chi-squared tests. RESULTS Three hundred fifty-six students completed the study. The mean change in test scores measuring CPR knowledge increased from 8.2 to 9.3 (1.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9 to 1.2). Self-reported adequate CPR knowledge increased from 44% to 97% (odds ratio [OR] 44.17, 95% CI 12.62 to 154.62). Seventy-two percent of students completed >7/11 predefined resuscitation steps, and 76% delivered ≥50% effective compressions. Grade was significantly associated with achieving ≥50% effective compression (OR 2.02, 95% CI, 1.19 to 3.43). Age, BMI, and sex were not significantly associated with greater compression efficacy. CONCLUSION Most students were able to learn hands-only CPR, apply their knowledge during a simulated cardiac arrest scenario, and deliver effective chest compressions. Students' confidence and willingness to perform CPR increased after the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen McGlinchey Ford
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI.
| | - Cyle D Rogotzke
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI
| | - Sherrie L Bencik
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI
| | - Joseph R Billian
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI
| | - Jeffrey L Young
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI
| | | | - Joshua D Mastenbrook
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI
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9
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Voigt I, Rott N, Kersken M, Mügge A, Böttiger BW, Preusch M, Wengenmayer T, Michels G. [Role of German cardiac arrest centers in mediating basic life support]. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2024; 119:116-122. [PMID: 37269312 PMCID: PMC10239037 DOI: 10.1007/s00063-023-01024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Despite a measurable increase in recent years, the bystander resuscitation rate in Germany lags behind the European comparison. Special centers for the care of patients after cardiac arrest, so-called cardiac arrest centers (CAC), have been established. The aim of this work is to evaluate the role of CACs, in addition to in-hospital patient care, in improving the bystander resuscitation rate in Germany and what obstacles exist in the implementation of resuscitation training. MATERIALS AND METHODS Online survey by the working group cardiopulmonary resuscitation (AG42) of the German Society of Cardiology (DGK) and the German Resuscitation Council (GRC) RESULTS: Of the 74 participating clinics (78.4% certified as CAC), 23 (31.1%) conduct lay resuscitation training. These mainly take place within the framework of action days for resuscitation (82.6%) or in schools (39.1%). Permanent cooperation with at least one school existed in 52.2%. Basic life support (BLS) resuscitation dummies are available in 63.5% of these clinics and an automated external defibrillator (AED) demonstration device in 43.2%. According to the interviewees, the biggest obstacles to the consistent implementation of resuscitation courses in schools include lack of qualified instructors, lack of refinancing and difficulties with regard to coordinating activities between schools and providers. CONCLUSIONS Direct training of lay rescuers by hospitals faces several obstacles. To increase the bystander resuscitation rate, focusing on targeted training of teachers as multipliers (train-the-trainer) can be a good approach for cardiac arrest centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Voigt
- Klinik für Akut- und Notfallmedizin, Elisabeth-Krankenhaus Essen, Klara-Kopp-Weg 1, 45138, Essen, Deutschland.
| | - Nadine Rott
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät und Uniklinik Köln, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Deutschland
- Deutscher Rat für Wiederbelebung bzw. German Resuscitation Council e. V. (GRC), Ulm, Deutschland
| | - Meike Kersken
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kardiologie - Herz- und Kreislaufforschung e. V. (DGK), Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Andreas Mügge
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Deutschland
| | - Bernd W Böttiger
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät und Uniklinik Köln, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Deutschland
- Deutscher Rat für Wiederbelebung bzw. German Resuscitation Council e. V. (GRC), Ulm, Deutschland
| | - Michael Preusch
- Sektion Internistische Intensivmedizin, Medizinische Klinik III, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Tobias Wengenmayer
- Interdisziplinäre Medizinische Intensivtherapie (IMIT), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - Guido Michels
- Klinik für Akut- und Notfallmedizin, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der RWTH Aachen, St.-Antonius-Hospital gGmbH, Eschweiler, Deutschland
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Semeraro F, Imbriaco G, Del Giudice D, Antognoli M, Celin D, Cuttitta M, Lo Guasto V, Giulini G, Gnudi T, Monesi A, Nava E, Tucci R, Carenzio A, Lo Jacono S, Gordini G, Gamberini L. Empowering the next Generation: An innovative "Kids Save Lives" blended learning programme for schoolchildren training. Resuscitation 2024; 194:110088. [PMID: 38101506 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.110088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Guidelines recommend teaching resuscitation from school age; however, little is known about the best methods to provide it. We devised a blended learning program for primary and secondary students (Kids Save Lives - KSL) consisting of brief lectures, practical training with mannequins, and virtual reality. We aimed to evaluate its impact on students' attitudes towards intervening during cardiac arrest and their knowledge about basic life support. METHODS This observational, prospective, before-and-after study assessed attitudes and basic life support knowledge in primary and secondary school children exposed to the KSL program. 20 events were conducted in the metropolitan area of Bologna, Italy. A multiple-choice test (before and after the course) explored attitude, knowledge and perceptions of realism, engagement, and agreement with the virtual reality method. RESULTS A total of 1,179 students (response rate 81.4%) were included in the final analysis, with 12.89% from primary schools, 5.94% from middle schools, and 81.17% from high schools. Students' willingness to intervene during a cardiac arrest rose from 56.9% to 93.1% (p < 0.001) post-course. The course's realism, engagement, and future prospects received positive feedback, with median scores notably higher in primary schools compared to secondary schools. CONCLUSION The blended learning method improved students' understanding of basic life support techniques and their attitude to act during cardiac arrest situations. The positive reception of the virtual reality component underscores technology's potential to bolster engagement and should be further explored for basic life support teaching in schoolchildren.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Semeraro
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Prehospital Emergency, Maggiore Hospital Carlo Alberto Pizzardi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Imbriaco
- Centrale Operativa 118 Emilia Est, Prehospital Emergency Dispatch Center, Helicopter Emergency Medical Service, Maggiore Hospital Carlo Alberto Pizzardi, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Donatella Del Giudice
- Centrale Operativa 118 Emilia Est, Prehospital Emergency Dispatch Center, Helicopter Emergency Medical Service, Maggiore Hospital Carlo Alberto Pizzardi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Antognoli
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Prehospital Emergency, Maggiore Hospital Carlo Alberto Pizzardi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Celin
- Centrale Operativa 118 Emilia Est, Prehospital Emergency Dispatch Center, Helicopter Emergency Medical Service, Maggiore Hospital Carlo Alberto Pizzardi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Micaela Cuttitta
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Prehospital Emergency, Maggiore Hospital Carlo Alberto Pizzardi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lo Guasto
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Prehospital Emergency, Maggiore Hospital Carlo Alberto Pizzardi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriele Giulini
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Prehospital Emergency, Maggiore Hospital Carlo Alberto Pizzardi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tania Gnudi
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Prehospital Emergency, Maggiore Hospital Carlo Alberto Pizzardi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Monesi
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Prehospital Emergency, Maggiore Hospital Carlo Alberto Pizzardi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Nava
- Centrale Operativa 118 Emilia Est, Prehospital Emergency Dispatch Center, Helicopter Emergency Medical Service, Maggiore Hospital Carlo Alberto Pizzardi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Tucci
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Prehospital Emergency, Maggiore Hospital Carlo Alberto Pizzardi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carenzio
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy; C.R.E.M.I.T: Centro di Ricerca Sull'educazione ai Media, All'innovazione e Alla Tecnologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Lo Jacono
- Università Degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy; C.R.E.M.I.T: Centro di Ricerca Sull'educazione ai Media, All'innovazione e Alla Tecnologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gordini
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Prehospital Emergency, Maggiore Hospital Carlo Alberto Pizzardi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gamberini
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Prehospital Emergency, Maggiore Hospital Carlo Alberto Pizzardi, Bologna, Italy
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Martínez-Isasi S, Carballo-Fazanes A, Jorge-Soto C, Otero-Agra M, Fernández-Méndez F, Barcala-Furelos R, Izquierdo V, García-Martínez M, Rodríguez-Núñez A. School children brief training to save foreign body airway obstruction. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:5483-5491. [PMID: 37777603 PMCID: PMC10746610 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Foreign body airway obstruction (FBAO) is a relatively common emergency and a potential cause of sudden death both in children and older people; bystander immediate action will determine the victim's outcome. Although many school children's basic life support (BLS) training programs have been implemented in recent years, references to specific training on FBAO are lacking. Therefore, the aim was to assess FBAO-solving knowledge acquisition in 10-13-year-old school children. A quasi-experimental non-controlled simulation study was carried out on 564 ten-to-thirteen-year-old children from 5 schools in Galicia (Spain). Participants received a 60-min training led by their physical education teachers (5 min theory, 15 min demonstration by the teacher, and 30 min hands-on training) on how to help to solve an FBAO event. After the training session, the school children's skills were assessed in a standardized adult's progressive FBAO simulation scenario. The assessment was carried out by proficient researchers utilizing a comprehensive checklist specifically designed to address the variables involved in resolving a FBAO event according with current international guidelines. The assessment of school children's acquired knowledge during the simulated mild FBAO revealed that 62.2% of participants successfully identified the event and promptly encouraged the simulated patient to cough actively. When the obstruction progressed, its severity was recognized by 86.2% and back blows were administered, followed by abdominal thrusts by 90.4%. When the simulated victim became unconscious, 77.1% of children identified the situation and immediately called the emergency medical service and 81.1% initiated chest compressions. No significant differences in performance were detected according to participants' age. Conclusion: A brief focused training contributes to prepare 10-13-year-old school children to perform the recommended FBAO steps in a standardized simulated patient. We consider that FBAO should be included in BLS training programs for school children. What is Known: • Kids Save Lives strategy states that school children should learn basic life support (BLS) skills because of their potential role as first responders. • This BLS training does not include content for resolving a foreign body airway obstruction (FBAO). What is New: • Following a 60-min theoretical-practical training led by physical education teachers, 10-13-year-old school children are able to solve a simulated FBAO situation. • The inclusion of FBAO content in BLS training in schools should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Martínez-Isasi
- CLINURSID Research Group, Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine Department, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Simulation, Life Support, and Intensive Care Research Unit, (SICRUS) of the Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Av/Xoan XXIII, S/N, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Developmental Origin (RICORS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, RD21/0012/0025, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida Carballo-Fazanes
- CLINURSID Research Group, Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine Department, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Simulation, Life Support, and Intensive Care Research Unit, (SICRUS) of the Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Av/Xoan XXIII, S/N, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Developmental Origin (RICORS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, RD21/0012/0025, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cristina Jorge-Soto
- CLINURSID Research Group, Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine Department, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Simulation, Life Support, and Intensive Care Research Unit, (SICRUS) of the Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Av/Xoan XXIII, S/N, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Martín Otero-Agra
- REMOSS Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
- Escuela de Enfermería de Pontevedra, Universidade de Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Felipe Fernández-Méndez
- CLINURSID Research Group, Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine Department, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- REMOSS Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
- Escuela de Enfermería de Pontevedra, Universidade de Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Roberto Barcala-Furelos
- REMOSS Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Verónica Izquierdo
- Simulation, Life Support, and Intensive Care Research Unit, (SICRUS) of the Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Developmental Origin (RICORS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, RD21/0012/0025, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Rodríguez-Núñez
- CLINURSID Research Group, Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine Department, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Simulation, Life Support, and Intensive Care Research Unit, (SICRUS) of the Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Av/Xoan XXIII, S/N, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Developmental Origin (RICORS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, RD21/0012/0025, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Critical, Intermediate and Palliative Care Section, Pediatric Area, Santiago de Compostela's University Clinic Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Gradvohl E, Lukács ÁJ, Takács J, Fritúz G, Falus A, Feith HJ. Development and validation of the questionnaire on resuscitation-related knowledge and attitude for adolescents. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2023; 100:102338. [PMID: 37393686 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2023.102338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edina Gradvohl
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Vas street 18, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ágnes J Lukács
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Vas street 18, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Johanna Takács
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Vas street 18, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Fritúz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Semmelweis University, Üllői street 78/B, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Falus
- Department of Genetics, Cell, and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Square 4., H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Helga Judit Feith
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Vas street 18, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary
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13
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Allan KS, Mammarella B, Visanji M, Moglica E, Sadeghlo N, O'Neil E, Chan TT, Kishibe T, Aves T. Methods to teach schoolchildren how to perform and retain cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skills: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Resusc Plus 2023; 15:100439. [PMID: 37638097 PMCID: PMC10448218 DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2023.100439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Worldwide, bystander CPR rates are low; one effective way to increase these rates is to train schoolchildren; however, the most effective way to train them is currently unknown. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies, evaluated whether CPR training for schoolchildren, using innovative teaching modalities (nonpractical, self, or peer-training) versus standard instructor-led training, resulted in higher quality CPR, self-confidence and short-term (≤3 months post-training) or long-term (>3 months post-training) retention of CPR skills. Results From 9793 citations, 96 studies published between 1975 and 2022 (44 RCTs and 52 before/after studies) were included. There were 43,754 students, average age of 11.5 ± 0.9 (range 5.9-17.6) and 49.2% male. Only 13 RCTs compared practical vs. nonpractical training (n = 5), self- vs. instructor-led training (n = 7) or peer- vs. instructor-led training (n = 5). The observed statistically significant differences in mean depth and rate of compressions between children with hands-on practical training and those without were not clinically relevant. Regardless of training modality, compression depth was consistently suboptimal. No differences were observed in CPR skills immediately or ≤ 3 months post-training, between children who were self- or peer-trained vs. instructor-led. Due to lack of data, we were unable to evaluate the impact of these novel training modalities on student self-confidence. Conclusion Although innovative training modalities are equally effective to instructor-led training when teaching schoolchildren CPR, compression depth was frequently suboptimal. Recommendations on standardized training and evaluation methods are necessary to understand the best ways to train children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S. Allan
- Division of Cardiology, Unity Health Toronto - St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bianca Mammarella
- School of Interdisciplinary Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mika'il Visanji
- Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erinda Moglica
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Negin Sadeghlo
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma O'Neil
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Unity Health Toronto - St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tiffany T. Chan
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Teruko Kishibe
- Library Services, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Theresa Aves
- Division of Cardiology, Unity Health Toronto - St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Cons-Ferreiro M, Mecias-Calvo M, Romo-Perez V, Navarro-Patón R. Learning of Basic Life Support through the Flipped Classroom in Secondary Schoolchildren: A Quasi-Experimental Study with 12-Month Follow-Up. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1526. [PMID: 37763645 PMCID: PMC10534659 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: International institutions together with the World Health Organisation recommend the teaching of BLS in schools. Therefore, the objective of this research was to study the feasibility of teaching CPR and AED through the flipped classroom, exploring the medium- and long-term retention of knowledge and practical skills among high school students. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 260 secondary schoolchildren (137 in the experimental group (EG) and 123 in the control group (CG)) between 12 and 14 years old (M = 12.75 ± 1.02). Results: The data revealed that the EG obtained better post-course results in the correct position of the hands (p = 0.011), the depth of external cardiac compression (p > 0.001), and the mean time to apply an effective shock with the AED (p = 0.013). The CG obtained better results in compressions with complete chest re-expansion (p = 0.025). These differences disappeared at 6 months (p > 0.05) and 12 months (p > 0.05). Conclusions: A training program based on the flipped classroom is as effective and viable as traditional training, although more efficient since it is applied in less time, in the sequence of action in BLS, CPR skills, and the application of an effective shock with an AED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Cons-Ferreiro
- Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, Campus a Xunqueira, s/n, Universidade de Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain; (M.C.-F.); (V.R.-P.)
- Facultad de Formación del Profesorado, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27001 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Marcos Mecias-Calvo
- Facultad de Formación del Profesorado, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27001 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Vicente Romo-Perez
- Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, Campus a Xunqueira, s/n, Universidade de Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain; (M.C.-F.); (V.R.-P.)
| | - Rubén Navarro-Patón
- Facultad de Formación del Profesorado, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27001 Lugo, Spain;
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Ko JS, Kim SR, Cho BJ. The Effect of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Education on the CPR Knowledge, Attitudes, Self-Efficacy, and Confidence in Performing CPR among Elementary School Students in Korea. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2047. [PMID: 37510488 PMCID: PMC10379098 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11142047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) education for schoolchildren is emphasized, as bystander CPR is a vital key to increasing the survival rate of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) victims. This study was conducted to verify the effect of CPR education on knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and confidence of Korean elementary school students in performing CPR. Data were collected through structured questionnaires before and after CPR education and analyzed using descriptive statistics, T-tests, and hierarchical regression. Significant improvements in CPR knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and confidence in performing CPR were found after CPR education, with the greatest increase observed in confidence (p = 0.000). The influencing factors on confidence in performing CPR were school grade, attitude, and self-efficacy. Although a significant increase in schoolchildren's CPR knowledge after education was shown, knowledge did not affect confidence in performing CPR. Therefore, early CPR education which focuses on improving confidence in performing CPR is recommended. CPR education might raise attitude and self-efficacy leading to increased confidence in performing bystander CPR. In conclusion, early and regular CPR education for elementary school students is crucial and should be conducted repeatedly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Sik Ko
- Department of Paramedicine, College of Health Science, Kangwon National University, 346 Hwangjo-gil, Dogye-up, Samcheok-si 25945, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Rye Kim
- Department of Healthcare Management, College of Health Science, Youngsan University, 288 Junam-ro, Yangsan-si 50510, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Jun Cho
- Department of Paramedicine, College of Health Science, Kangwon National University, 346 Hwangjo-gil, Dogye-up, Samcheok-si 25945, Republic of Korea
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16
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Asfaw ZK, Barthélemy EJ, Tirsit A, Zhan S, Gizaw A, Hannah T, Yibeltal M, Laeke T, Germano IM. Current Neurosurgical Care in Ethiopia Using the Lens of the Lancet Global Health Commission on High-Quality Health Systems. Neurosurgery 2023; 93:137-143. [PMID: 36735274 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurosurgery is a rapidly developing specialty in Ethiopia. Previous global neurosurgery studies have highlighted the need for synchronizing workforce increase with improving quality, access, and capacity to provide neurosurgical care. OBJECTIVE To evaluate Ethiopia's neurosurgical system and highlight the critical interventions required for the sustained development of Ethiopian neurosurgery as part of a high-quality health system (HQHS). METHODS A comprehensive survey was sent to all practicing neurosurgeons. Public databases on Ethiopian census reports and current road infrastructure were used for spatial analysis of neurosurgical access. RESULTS The survey response rate was 90% (45/50). Most respondents were men (95.6%), aged 30 to 40 years (82%), who worked at national referral hospitals (71%). The reported annual caseload per practicing neurosurgeon was >150 cases for 40% of urban and 20% of rural neurosurgeons. Head and spine neurotrauma and tumors were the most common neurosurgical indications. Computed tomography scanner was the most widely available diagnostic equipment (62%). 76% of respondents indicated the presence of postoperative rehabilitation care at their institutions. Thirteen percent and 27% of the nation lived within a 2-hour and 4-hour driving distance from a neurosurgical center, respectively. CONCLUSION The results highlight the need for vital improvements in neurosurgical capacity to sustain progress toward HQHS. Promoting sustained development in all components of HQHS can be achieved by diversifying the workforce and training residency candidates committed to practicing in underserved regions. Additional strategies might include establishing a national registry for neurosurgical data and implementing policy changes conducive to improving perihospital care and other health system components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerubabbel K Asfaw
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ernest J Barthélemy
- Global Neurosurgery Laboratory, Division of Neurosurgery, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Abenezer Tirsit
- Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa University, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Serena Zhan
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Institute for Healthcare Delivery Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Abel Gizaw
- Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa University, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Theodore Hannah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mestet Yibeltal
- Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa University, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tsegazeab Laeke
- Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa University, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Isabelle M Germano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Schroeder DC, Semeraro F, Greif R, Bray J, Morley P, Parr M, Kondo Nakagawa N, Iwami T, Finke SR, Malta Hansen C, Lockey A, Del Rios M, Bhanji F, Sasson C, Schexnayder SM, Scquizzato T, Wetsch WA, Böttiger BW. Temporarily Removed. Resuscitation 2023:109772. [PMID: 37190748 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basic life support education for schoolchildren has become a key initiative to increase bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation rates. Our objective was to review the existing literature on teaching schoolchildren basic life support to identify the best practices to provide basic life support training in schoolchildren. METHODS After topics and subgroups were defined, a comprehensive literature search was conducted. Systematic reviews and controlled and uncontrolled prospective and retrospective studies containing data on students <20 years of age were included. RESULTS Schoolchildren are highly motivated to learn basic life support. The CHECK-CALL-COMPRESS algorithm is recommended for all schoolchildren. Regular training in basic life support regardless of age consolidates long-term skills. Young children from 4 years of age are able to assess the first links in the chain of survival. By 10 to 12 years of age, effective chest compression depths and ventilation volumes can be achieved on training manikins. A combination of theoretical and practical training is recommended. Schoolteachers serve as effective basic life support instructors. Schoolchildren also serve as multipliers by passing on basic life support skills to others. The use of age-appropriate social media tools for teaching is a promising approach for schoolchildren of all ages. CONCLUSIONS Schoolchildren basic life support training has the potential to educate whole generations to respond to cardiac arrest and to increase survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Comprehensive legislation, curricula, and scientific assessment are crucial to further develop the education of schoolchildren in basic life support.
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Pedrazas-López D, de Pablo-Márquez B, Cunillera-Puértolas O, Almeda-Ortega J. RCParvulari training: A basic life support training methodology applied to 5-year-old students: Effectiveness in a cluster-randomized clinical trail. An Pediatr (Barc) 2023; 98:99-108. [PMID: 36740509 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Basic life support training in school age is a topical issue because, with adequate training, any person can help save a life. METHODS Cluster clinical trial with data collection through an ad hoc self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire. The target population encompassed the students aged 4-6 years enrolled in 49 educational centres. The centres were randomly allocated to the intervention or control group. The intervention group was trained with the RCParvulari® methodology, consisting of theoretical and practical training on the first link of the chain of survival. The control group only received theoretical training. We evaluated participants before and immediately after the intervention and between 3 and 12 months post intervention by means of the questionnaire. We assessed the acquisition and retention over time of the knowledge and skills covered in the training compared to previous trainings in both groups. RESULTS A total of 1327 schoolchildren (79% of the target population) participated. The level of knowledge acquired immediately after training and after 3-12 months compared to baseline was significantly better (P < .001) in the intervention group than in the control group, both in early recognition and contacting of emergency services (112) and in remembering the "mouth-nose-eyes" mnemonic. CONCLUSIONS The RCParvulari® methodology significantly contributed to an improved ability to recognize a possible medical emergency, start the chain of survival by alerting an adult and call the 112 emergency number in students in the last year of preschool education.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pedrazas-López
- Centro de Atención Primaria Sant Andreu de la Barca, Dirección de Atención Primaria Costa de Ponent, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Andreu de la Barca, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Oriol Cunillera-Puértolas
- Unidad de Apoyo a la Investigación de Costa de Ponent, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAPJGol), Cornellà de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jesús Almeda-Ortega
- Unidad de Apoyo a la Investigación de Costa de Ponent, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAPJGol), Cornellà de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Farquharson B, Dixon D, Williams B, Torrens C, Philpott M, Laidlaw H, McDermott S. The psychological and behavioural factors associated with laypeople initiating CPR for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:19. [PMID: 36639764 PMCID: PMC9840280 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02904-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prompt, effective CPR greatly increases the chances of survival in out-of-hospital c ardiac arrest. However, it is often not provided, even by people who have previously undertaken training. Psychological and behavioural factors are likely to be important in relation to CPR initiation by lay-people but have not yet been systematically identified. METHODS Aim: to identify the psychological and behavioural factors associated with CPR initiation amongst lay-people. DESIGN Systematic review Data sources: Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycInfo and Google Scholar. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Primary studies reporting psychological or behavioural factors and data on CPR initiation involving lay-people published (inception to 31 Dec 2021). STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS Potential studies were screened independently by two reviewers. Study characteristics, psychological and behavioural factors associated with CPR initiation were extracted from included studies, categorised by study type and synthesised narratively. RESULTS One hundred and five studies (150,820 participants) comprising various designs, populations and of mostly weak quality were identified. The strongest and most ecologically valid studies identified factors associated with CPR initiation: the overwhelming emotion of the situation, perceptions of capability, uncertainty about when CPR is appropriate, feeling unprepared and fear of doing harm. Current evidence comprises mainly atheoretical cross-sectional surveys using unvalidated measures with relatively little formal testing of relationships between proposed variables and CPR initiation. CONCLUSIONS Preparing people to manage strong emotions and increasing their perceptions of capability are likely important foci for interventions aiming to increase CPR initiation. The literature in this area would benefit from more robust study designs. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO: CRD42018117438.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Farquharson
- grid.11918.300000 0001 2248 4331NMAHP Research Unit, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA UK
| | - Diane Dixon
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Brian Williams
- grid.23378.3d0000 0001 2189 1357University of Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK
| | - Claire Torrens
- grid.11918.300000 0001 2248 4331University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Melanie Philpott
- grid.11918.300000 0001 2248 4331University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Henriette Laidlaw
- grid.23378.3d0000 0001 2189 1357University of Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK
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Compression-Only Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Automated External Defibrillator Course for Primary School Students: A Malaysian Pilot Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:children10010058. [PMID: 36670609 PMCID: PMC9856577 DOI: 10.3390/children10010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The Malaysian national school curriculum currently lacks resources and tools to enforce CPR education. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillator course among primary school students to increase their knowledge and technical skills and improve their attitudes. A quasi-experimental study was conducted using a pre−post non-equivalent design involving 38 students aged 10−12. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automated external defibrillator (AED) knowledge, technical skills, and attitude towards CPR were assessed in a post test with three-month follow-up. Results of the MANOVA analysis showed significant differences in the level of knowledge (F = 10.29, p < 0.001) and attitude (F = 13.87, p < 0.001) based on the students’ age group at the time of the post test. The proportion of students who passed the technical skills component differed significantly by age (χ2 = 12.12; p = 0.002) and BMI (χ2 = 6.34; p = 0.041). No significant decay was reported in the total mean scores for knowledge, technical skills, and attitude (F = 0.727, p = 0.54) at 3-month follow-up. The course helped students perform CPR and utilize AED effectively while promoting a positive attitude with up to 3 months of retention, demonstrating the feasibility of extending the course within the Malaysian primary school curriculum.
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Eysenbach G, Liao WA, Wang W, Seah B. The Effectiveness of Technology-Based Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training on the Skills and Knowledge of Adolescents: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e36423. [PMID: 36520524 PMCID: PMC9801268 DOI: 10.2196/36423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training for adolescents is a prominent strategy to increase the number of community first responders who can recognize cardiac arrest and initiate CPR. More schools are adopting technology-based CPR training modalities to reduce class time and reliance on instructor availability and increase their capacity for wider training dissemination. However, it remains unclear whether these technology-based modalities are comparable with standard training. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to systematically review and perform meta-analyses to evaluate the effectiveness of technology-based CPR training on adolescents' CPR skills and knowledge. METHODS Searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Education Resources Information Center, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, and Scopus from inception to June 25, 2021. Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) compared technology-based training with standard training for adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. Studies were appraised using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed using Review Manager (The Cochrane Collaboration). Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore sources of heterogeneity. Overall certainty of evidence was appraised using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. RESULTS Seventeen RCTs involving 5578 adolescents were included. Most of the studies had unclear risks of selection bias (9/17, 53%) and high risks of performance bias (16/17, 94%). Interventions that included instructor guidance increased the likelihood of adolescents checking the responsiveness of the person experiencing cardiac arrest (risk ratio 1.39, 95% CI 1.19-1.63) and calling the emergency medical services (risk ratio 1.11, 95% CI 1.00-1.24). Self-directed technology-based CPR training without instructor guidance was associated with poorer overall skill performance (Cohen d=-0.74, 95% CI -1.02 to -0.45). Training without hands-on practice increased mean compression rates (mean difference 9.38, 95% CI 5.75-13.01), whereas real-time feedback potentially yielded slower compression rates. Instructor-guided training with hands-on practice (Cohen d=0.45, 95% CI 0.13-0.78) and the use of computer programs or mobile apps (Cohen d=0.62, 95% CI 0.37-0.86) improved knowledge scores. However, certainty of evidence was very low. CONCLUSIONS Instructor-guided technology-based CPR training that includes hands-on practice and real-time feedback is noninferior to standard training in CPR skills and knowledge among adolescents. Our findings supported the use of technology-based components such as videos, computer programs, or mobile apps for self-directed theoretical instruction. However, instructor guidance, hands-on practice, and real-time feedback are still necessary components of training to achieve better learning outcomes for adolescents. Such a blended learning approach may reduce class time and reliance on instructor availability. Because of the high heterogeneity of the studies reviewed, the findings from this study should be interpreted with caution. More high-quality RCTs with large sample sizes and follow-up data are needed. Finally, technology-based training can be considered a routine refresher training modality in schools for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wenru Wang
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Betsy Seah
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Formación RCParvulari: una metodología de formación en soporte vital básico aplicado al alumnado de 5 años de educación infantil: Efectividad en un ensayo clínico aleatorizado por conglomerados. An Pediatr (Barc) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Pivač S, Gradišek P, Skela-Savič B. Basic Resuscitation Training for Third-Cycle Primary School Students: A Qualitative Research of Training Providers' Experiences. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2022; 59:469580221127134. [PMID: 36196972 PMCID: PMC9537491 DOI: 10.1177/00469580221127134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of our research was to identify the experiences, obstacles, and self-reflective opinions regarding the qualifications of the training providers of cardiopulmonary resuscitation to third-cycle primary school students. The effectiveness and success of a training program in basic resuscitation procedures depend on the qualifications and knowledge of the training provider and the type of didactic materials used. The qualitative method was used with 3 non-homogenous focus groups. Training providers (n = 8) from primary health care participated. The selected text was analyzed using a thematic analysis. The focus groups were organized after the training conducted on basic resuscitation procedures to third-cycle primary school students in September and October 2018. Prior to conducting the research we gained approval by the Medical Ethics Committee. Twenty-five codes, 11 categories and 3 themes were designed: Obstacles that are present in conducting training on cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the effects of training on primary school students and the development of components of prosocial behavior, and systemic responsibility for the qualifications and knowledge of training providers. The research has found that training providers must have the skills and knowledge to motivate the participants of training sessions and encourage them to gain knowledge and skills on resuscitation. They should be familiar with various methods and forms of learning and use relevant teaching materials, so that they can conduct training sessions effectively. Activities are needed to implement minimal criteria for conducting training on resuscitation such as appropriately qualified providers that should follow the European Resuscitation Guidelines, an appropriate pedagogical approach employed by the providers, appropriate equipment and tools, content adjusted to the age of the primary school students, conducting training in small groups, revision of knowledge for training providers and primary school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanela Pivač
- Angela Boškin Faculty of Health
Care, Jesenice, Slovenia,Sanela Pivač, Angela Boškin Faculty
of Health Care, Slovenia, Spodnji Plavž 3, Jesenice, SI-4270,
Slovenia.
| | - Primož Gradišek
- University Medical Center
Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia,University of Ljubljana,
Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Cons-Ferreiro M, Mecías-Calvo M, Romo-Pérez V, Navarro-Patón R. The Effects of an Intervention Based on the Flipped Classroom on the Learning of Basic Life Support in Schoolchildren Aged 10–13 Years: A Quasi-Experimental Study. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9091373. [PMID: 36138682 PMCID: PMC9497573 DOI: 10.3390/children9091373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Most out-of-hospital cardiac arrests are attended first by bystanders who are usually friends and/or relatives of the victim. Therefore, the objective of this research was to analyse the impact of a training process based on the flipped classroom on basic life support skills in primary education students. The sample consisted of 308 children (148 experimental group (EG) and 160 control group (CG)) between 10 and 13 years old (M = 10.68 ± 0.64) from 2 schools in Galicia, Spain. The data reveal that the quality parameters are obtained in the number of total compressions in 2 min (CG = 213 and EG = 217; p = 0.024) and in the percentage of correct compressions (CG = 87.23% and EG = 91.6%; p = 0.013) except for the mean depth and the percentage of correct compressions, which were not reached in any case. Regarding the application of an effective discharge with the Automated external defibrillator (AED), there were no significant differences in the time used by schoolchildren between both methods (p = 0.795), but 97.5% (n = 156) of the CG and 100% (n = 148) of the EG are able to do it in just over 1 min. Based on the results obtained, we can conclude that a training program based on the flipped classroom is as effective and viable as traditional training in psychomotricity on CPR techniques and the application of an effective discharge using an AED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Cons-Ferreiro
- Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, Campus a Xunqueira, s/n, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain
- Facultad de Formación del Profesorado, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27001 Lugo, Spain
| | - Marcos Mecías-Calvo
- Facultad de Formación del Profesorado, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27001 Lugo, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-982-821069
| | - Vicente Romo-Pérez
- Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, Campus a Xunqueira, s/n, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Rubén Navarro-Patón
- Facultad de Formación del Profesorado, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27001 Lugo, Spain
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First Aid Willingness Questionnaire for Schoolchildren: An Exploratory Factor Analysis and Correlation Study. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9070955. [PMID: 35883939 PMCID: PMC9321652 DOI: 10.3390/children9070955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to explore the factor structure of the First Aid Willingness Questionnaire and determine its correlations and associations between sociodemographic and sport-related variables. A total of 413 adolescents participated in this study (mean age = 14.2 years). They consisted of 221 boys and 193 girls. Besides sociodemographic and sport-related questions, the First Aid Willingness Questionnaire was used to understand the student’s first aid attitudes. The exploratory factor analysis revealed a four-factor model. The first factor was named first aid willingness for peers, which includes willingness to help friends and family members. The second factor contained factors to help strangers; thus, it was named first aid willingness for strangers. The analysis revealed a third factor that assessed the students’ knowledge of first aid. The last factor contained the students’ negative emotions. The correlation between the factors showed that knowledge had a positive association with all the other factors. Adolescents’ willingness to help their peers was highly associated with helping strangers, but negative emotions had a negative correlation with helping unknown people. Sport-related variables were investigated to determine the effects on first aid attitudes. Even though sport seemed to increase first aid willingness, future studies need to explore its associations. We believe that a deeper understanding of this topic could help prevent serious injuries or death in emergencies.
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Sanati A, Jaberi AA, Bonabi TN. High school basic life support training: Is the trainer's experience of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the actual setting important? A randomized control trial. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2022; 11:165. [PMID: 35847145 PMCID: PMC9277763 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1011_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although basic life support (BLS) has been taught in school by a variety of professionals, it is still unclear that, whether the instructor's previous cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) experience is an important factor. This study aimed to compare the effect of BLS training, based on trainer experience in actual situations, on knowledge and skills of secondary high school students. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this randomized controlled trial, 150 high school students were selected based on the inclusion criteria and then assigned into two groups, (76 in Group A), and (74 in Group B) randomly. Both groups were trained according to adult BLS: 2020 American Heart Association guidelines on mannequins in three 60 min in-person training sessions. The knowledge and skill scores were measured for both groups before, immediately, and 1 month after intervention by a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software version 22, using Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, repeated-measure ANOVA tests, and statistically modeling at a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS There were no significant differences between groups regarding demographic characteristics. The knowledge and skill scores in both groups increased significantly compared to baseline immediately and 1 month after the intervention (P = 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in knowledge scores between groups (P = 0.076(. However, at the immediacy and 1 month after the intervention, the skill score in "Group A" was significantly higher than the "Group B" (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The trainer's experience of CPR in the actual setting in the transfer of BLS knowledge is not important, but it improved Student's BSL skill acquisition score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sanati
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Kerman Province, Iran
| | - Ali Ansari Jaberi
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Kerman Province, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Negahban Bonabi
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Rafsanjan University of Medical Science, Rafsanjan, Kerman Province, Iran
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Can high school students teach their peers high quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)? Resusc Plus 2022; 10:100250. [PMID: 35647568 PMCID: PMC9130223 DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2022.100250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background If adolescents can teach each other cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) during school hours, this may be a cost-effective approach to CPR training. The aim of this study was to evaluate CPR quality among students trained by student instructors in CPR. Material and methods Three high schools participated. Recruited student instructors (SIs) were given a two-day course by professional instructors. Theoretic knowledge was acquired through an e-learning program. The SIs then trained fellow students in a 90-minute practical CPR session during physical education classes. All participants performed a 4-minutes test of CPR performance. Data was collected using Little Anne QCPR manikins with QCPR classroom software (Laerdal Medical Inc, Norway). Statistical equivalence in CPR performance was assessed applying the two one-sided tests (TOST)-procedure. Results Eight professional instructors trained 76 SIs who trained approximately 2650 students in CPR. The number of available tests for analysis of student performance was 982. The compression rates were within guideline recommendations for SIs (mean 110.6, SD 5.4) and students (mean 118.6, SD 8.6). The corresponding numbers for mean compression depth were 7.2 cm (SD 0.7) and 7 cm (SD 1.0). Students demonstrated greater variation in mouth-to-mouth (MTM) skills, with only 41% performing at least 15 successful ventilations during the test. Except for the total number of MTM ventilations (mean difference −5.6), CPR performance was deemed statistically equivalent between professional instructors, SIs and students. Conclusions High school students can be trained as CPR instructors and teach fellow students CPR with good quality, with some variation in MTM-ventilation skills.
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Dainty KN, Colquitt B, Bhanji F, Hunt EA, Jefkins T, Leary M, Ornato JP, Swor RA, Panchal A. Understanding the Importance of the Lay Responder Experience in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2022; 145:e852-e867. [PMID: 35306832 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is critical to increasing survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. However, the percentage of cases in which an individual receives bystander CPR is actually low, at only 35% to 40% globally. Preparing lay responders to recognize the signs of sudden cardiac arrest, call 9-1-1, and perform CPR in public and private locations is crucial to increasing survival from this public health problem. The objective of this scientific statement is to summarize the most recent published evidence about the lay responder experience of training, responding, and dealing with the residual impact of witnessing an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The scientific statement focuses on the experience-based literature of actual responders, which includes barriers to responding, experiences of doing CPR, use of an automated external defibrillator, the impact of dispatcher-assisted CPR, and the potential for postevent psychological sequelae. The large body of qualitative and observational studies identifies several gaps in crucial knowledge that, if targeted, could increase the likelihood that those who are trained in CPR will act. We suggest using the experience of actual responders to inform more contextualized training, including the implications of performing CPR on a family member, dispelling myths about harm, training and litigation, and recognition of the potential for psychologic sequelae after the event.
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Borovnik Lesjak V, Šorgo A, Strnad M. Retention of Knowledge and Skills After a Basic Life Support Course for Schoolchildren: A Prospective Study. INQUIRY: THE JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION, AND FINANCING 2022; 59:469580221098755. [PMID: 35652386 PMCID: PMC9168916 DOI: 10.1177/00469580221098755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Courses on basic life support (BLS) and automated external defibrillator (AED) in
schools lead to increase in knowledge but its retention is less well explored.
We aimed to explore the long-term retention of knowledge and practical skills
among schoolchildren after a BLS and AED course to be able to tailor future
courses accordingly. Study was conducted in 3 parts and included 823 seventh and
ninth graders from different elementary schools in Maribor, Slovenia. In Study 1
(n=611) we assessed students' baseline knowledge and immediate knowledge gain
after our BLS and AED course with a validated questionnaire; in Study 2 (n=116)
we assessed retention of gained knowledge and skills after 5 months with a
modified Cardiff test and Little Anne QCPR manikin; in Study 3 (n=96) we
assessed retention of knowledge 2 years after the course. Mean differences in
knowledge before and after the course in Study 1 and between studies were
analyzed using paired t-tests and independent t-tests. Differences between
individual question scores at different time points were compared using Mann –
Whitney U test. A two-sided P<0,05 was considered
significant. Practical skills retention was presented with descriptive
statistics. Knowledge gain was significant immediately after the course with 83%
correct answers compared to 60% at baseline. Scores dropped significantly after
5 months (73%) and after 2 years (75%), but remained significantly better than
at baseline (P<0.001). Practical skills perfomance score as per Cardiff test
after 5 months was 63%. Overall BLS performance score as per QCPR app was 59%,
with an overall cardio score of 77% (average compression rate: 124/min and
depth: 52 mm) and ventilation score of 44%. This study showed that long term
retention of theoretical knowledge was satisfying whereas poor practical skills
performance after 5 months calls for a more intense practical training on repeat
courses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrej Šorgo
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Matej Strnad
- Emergency Medical Services Unit, Zdravstveni Dom Dr Adolfa Drolca Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Slovenia
- Emergency Department, Univerzitetni Klinicni Center Maribor, Slovenia
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Sidwell RA, Spilman SK, Feist B, Fuchsen EA, Taber PS, Pelaez CA. Hemorrhage Control Training: Preparing Adolescents to Act at Home, at School, or in Public. Pediatr Emerg Care 2022; 38:4-8. [PMID: 32530841 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000002164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Uncontrolled bleeding is the leading cause of preventable death after a traumatic event, and early intervention to control bleeding improves opportunities for survival. It is imperative to prepare for local and national disasters by increasing public knowledge on how to control bleeding, and this preparation should extend to both adults and children. The purpose of this study is to describe a training effort to teach basic hemorrhage control techniques to early adolescent children. METHODS The trauma and emergency departments at a combined level I adult and level II pediatric trauma center piloted a training initiative with early adolescents (grades 6-8) focused on 2 skills: packing a wound and holding direct pressure, and applying a Combat Application Tourniquet. Students were evaluated on each skill and completed presurveys and postsurveys indicating their likelihood to use the skills. RESULTS Of the 194 adolescents who participated in the trainings, 97% of the students could successfully pack a wound and hold pressure, and 97% of the students could apply a tourniquet. Before the training, 71% of the adolescents indicated that they would take action to assist a bleeding victim; this increased to 96% after the training. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrate that basic hemorrhage control skills can be effectively taught to adolescents as young as 6th grade (ages 11-12 years) in a small setting with age-appropriate content and hands-on opportunities to practice the skills and such training increases students' perceived willingness to take action to assist a bleeding victim.
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Martínez-Isasi S, Abelairas-Gómez C, Pichel-López M, Barcala-Furelos R, Varela-Casal C, Vázquez-Santamariña D, Sánchez-Santos L, Rodríguez-Núñez A. Learning to resuscitate at school. Study in 8-12 year-old schoolchildren. An Pediatr (Barc) 2021; 96:17-24. [PMID: 34937682 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantitatively assess the learning capacity of school children aged between 8-12 years in basic life support (theory and practice) after a feasible school training programme. MATERIAL AND METHODS Quasi-experimental study with a convenience sample of 567 pupils in 3rd and 5th year of Primary Education, and first year of Compulsory Secondary Education, from 3 public schools in Galicia. They received 2h (one theoretical and another practical) of basic life support training by their Physical Education teachers, as part of the school program. The children were evaluated by a theoretical test and a practical skill test that measured the quality of chest compressions, and assessed the performance of the basic life support sequence. RESULTS The level of knowledge increased with respect to the baseline, and was higher in the higher grades (P < .001). The complete basic life support sequence was carried out by 16.5% of pupils in the 3rd year of Primary Education, 54.4% of pupils in the 5th year of Primary Education, and 28.5% of pupils in the 1st year of Secondary Education (P = .030). The following compression quality parameters improved significantly with age: continuity of compressions (P < .001), percentage of compressions performed at correct depth (P = .002), and median depth (P < .001), while the percentage of compressions with correct decompression decreased significantly (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Although their anthropometric characteristics may not allow them to achieve the ideal quality of this manoeuvre, a 2h theoretical and practical training programme, taught by Physical Education teachers, helps to improve the ability of children younger than 13 years old to recognise the emergency, start the chain of survival, and initiate chest compressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Martínez-Isasi
- Grupo de investigación CLINURSID, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Radiología y Salud Pública, Enfermería y Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Grupo de Soporte Vital y Simulación Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Facultad de Enfermería, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristian Abelairas-Gómez
- Grupo de investigación CLINURSID, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Radiología y Salud Pública, Enfermería y Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Grupo de Soporte Vital y Simulación Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Pichel-López
- Grupo de Investigación REMOSS, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación y del Deporte, Universidade de Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Roberto Barcala-Furelos
- Grupo de Soporte Vital y Simulación Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Grupo de Investigación REMOSS, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación y del Deporte, Universidade de Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Cristina Varela-Casal
- Grupo de Investigación REMOSS, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación y del Deporte, Universidade de Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - David Vázquez-Santamariña
- Servicio de Urgencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Rodríguez-Núñez
- Grupo de investigación CLINURSID, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Radiología y Salud Pública, Enfermería y Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Grupo de Soporte Vital y Simulación Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Facultad de Enfermería, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Facilitators and barriers for the implementation of resuscitation training programmes for schoolchildren: A systematic review. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2021; 39:711-719. [PMID: 34860715 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000001643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Training schoolchildren in resuscitation seems to improve rates of resuscitation by bystanders. Leading medical societies recommend comprehensive resuscitation education in schools. To date, no widespread implementation within the European Union has happened. OBJECTIVE The study aim was to identify facilitators and barriers for the implementation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training for schoolchildren within the European Union. DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCES A literature search in PubMed was conducted between 1 January 1999 and 30 June 2020 in accordance with the PRISMA statement. The search terms 'resuscitation', 'children' and 'Europe' were combined with the Boolean Operator 'AND' and 'OR'. Medical subject heading terms were used in order to include relevant articles. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Articles were included if cardiopulmonary resuscitation training specifically tailored for schoolchildren aged 12 to 18 years was considered in countries of the European Union. Articles that fulfilled the following criteria were excluded: duplicates, training methods only for specific patient groups, articles not accessible in the English language, and articles that did not include original data. Findings were structured by an evidence-based six-level approach to examine barriers and facilitators in healthcare. RESULTS Thirty out of 2005 articles were identified. Large variations in cardiopulmonary resuscitation training approaches ranging from conventional to innovative training methods can be observed. Schoolteachers as resuscitation instructors act either as barrier or facilitator depending on their personal attitude and their exposure to training in resuscitation. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in schoolchildren is effective. The uncoordinated interplay between the generally motivated schools and the political orientation towards resuscitation training for schoolchildren serve as barrier. The lack of financial support, absent systematic organisation and standardisation of training create major barriers. CONCLUSION Training schoolchildren in cardiopulmonary resuscitation is effective. More financial support and political guidance is needed. Until then, local initiatives, motivated teachers, and dedicated principles combined with innovative and low-cost training methods facilitate cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in schools.
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Varela-Casal C, Abelairas-Gómez C, Otero-Agra M, Barcala-Furelos R, Rodríguez-Núñez A, Greif R. Teaching Basic Life Support to 5- to 8-Year-Old Children: A Cluster Randomized Trial. Pediatrics 2021; 148:peds.2021-051408. [PMID: 34518314 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-051408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to compare traditional basic life support (BLS) education with specific and innovative educative didactic material that has been previously designed and validated. METHODS Fifteen classes of schoolchildren aged 5 to 8 years (n = 237) were randomly assigned to 4 groups in which different didactic and complementary materials were used: (1) the Rescube tool with a cuddly toy (n = 61), (2) the Endless Book tool with a cuddly toy (n = 74), (3) traditional teaching with a cuddly toy (n = 46), and (4) traditional teaching with a manikin (n = 55). The BLS sequence was assessed at baseline (T0). After that, children took part in a one-hour theory and practice session in their assigned training modality. BLS sequence was assessed again within one week (T1) and after one month (T2). RESULTS The 4 modalities were successful in improving children's skills when comparing T0 with both T1 and T2 (P < .05). At T2, more schoolchildren remembered the complete BLS sequence after using the Rescube (75%) compared with the number of schoolchildren who remember the complete BLS sequence after using the Endless Book (53%), a manikin (42%), or a cuddly toy (13%) (P < .05). A higher proportion of participants who used the Rescube correctly performed all the BLS steps analyzed compared with those who used only the manikin or a cuddly toy during the learning phase. The Endless Book was also more effective except for learning to check consciousness and breathing. CONCLUSION Better BLS learning and knowledge retention outcomes were achieved by using our specific and adapted didactic materials (Rescube and Endless Book). These new educational tools have the potential to substantially support BLS school education programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Varela-Casal
- REMOSS Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Cristian Abelairas-Gómez
- CLINURSID Research Group, Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine Department .,Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain.,Simulation and Intensive Care Unit of Santiago (SICRUS) Research Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago
| | - Martín Otero-Agra
- REMOSS Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Roberto Barcala-Furelos
- REMOSS Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.,CLINURSID Research Group, Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine Department.,Simulation and Intensive Care Unit of Santiago (SICRUS) Research Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Núñez
- CLINURSID Research Group, Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine Department.,Simulation and Intensive Care Unit of Santiago (SICRUS) Research Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago.,PICU, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela-CHUS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Robert Greif
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,School of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Bray J, Acworth J, Page G, Parr M, Morley P. Aussie KIDS SAVE LIVES: A position statement from the Australian Resuscitation Council and supported by stakeholders. Emerg Med Australas 2021; 33:944-946. [PMID: 34390199 PMCID: PMC9292394 DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.13840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Every year 25 000 Australians experience a cardiac arrest in our community, but only 12% survive. The faster cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation, known as basic life support (BLS), is commenced, the greater the chance of survival. Currently, only half of the Australian adults are trained in BLS. The Australian Resuscitation Council and key stakeholder organisations believe that the best way to ensure all Australians know how to save a life is by mandating BLS education and training in our schools. This ‘Aussie KIDS SAVE LIVES’ position statement outlines our strategy to help facilitate the introduction of a programme of regular BLS training into the Australian school curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Bray
- Australian Resuscitation Council, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Prehospital, Resuscitation and Emergency Care Research Unit (PRECRU), Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jason Acworth
- Australian Resuscitation Council, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Emergency Department, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Greg Page
- Heart of the Nation, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Parr
- Australian Resuscitation Council, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Intensive Care, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Morley
- Australian Resuscitation Council, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Intensive Care, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Hirayama I, Doi K, Yamamoto M, Toida C, Morimura N. Evaluation of Autonomous Actions on Bystander-Initiated Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Public Access Defibrillation in Tokyo. Int Heart J 2021; 62:879-884. [PMID: 34276018 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.21-016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The frequencies of autonomous bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and public access defibrillation have not yet been clarified. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of autonomous actions by citizens not having a duty to act.This retrospective observational study included patients who suffered an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in Tokyo between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2017. The Delphi method with a panel of 11 experts classified the locations of OHCA resuscitations into 3 categories as follows; autonomous, non autonomous, and undetermined. The locations determined as autonomous were further divided into 2 groups; home and other locations. Bystander-initiated CPR and application of an automated external defibrillator (AED) pad were evaluated in 43,460 patients with OHCA.Group A (non autonomous), group B (autonomous, not home), and group C (home), consisted of 7,352, 3,193, and 32,915 patients, respectively. Compared with group A, group B and group C had significantly lower rates of bystander-initiated CPR (group A, B, C; 68.3% versus 38.6% versus 23.9%) and AED pad application (groups A, B, C; 26.8% versus 15.1% versus 0.6%). In addition, multivariate analysis demonstrated that an autonomous location of resuscitation was independently associated with the frequencies of bystander-initiated CPR and AED pad application, even after adjusting for age, sex, and witness status.Autonomous actions by citizens were unacceptably infrequent. Therefore, the education and training of citizens is necessary to further enhance autonomous CPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Hirayama
- Department of Acute Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Kent Doi
- Department of Acute Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Miyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Acute Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Chiaki Toida
- Department of Acute Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Naoto Morimura
- Department of Acute Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
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Metelmann C, Metelmann B, Schuffert L, Hahnenkamp K, Vollmer M, Brinkrolf P. Smartphone apps to support laypersons in bystander CPR are of ambivalent benefit: a controlled trial using medical simulation. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2021; 29:76. [PMID: 34082804 PMCID: PMC8173850 DOI: 10.1186/s13049-021-00893-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bystander-initiated resuscitation is essential for surviving out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Smartphone apps can provide real-time guidance for medical laypersons in these situations. Are these apps a beneficial addition to traditional resuscitation training? METHODS In this controlled trial, we assessed the impact of app use on the quality of resuscitation (hands-off time, assessment of the patient's condition, quality of chest compression, body and arm positioning). Pupils who have previously undergone a standardised resuscitation training, encountered a simulated cardiac arrest either (i) without an app (control group); (ii) with facultative app usage; or (iii) with mandatory app usage. Measurements were compared using generalised linear regression. RESULTS 200 pupils attended this study with 74 pupils in control group, 65 in facultative group and 61 in mandatory group. Participants who had to use the app significantly delayed the check for breathing, call for help, and first compression, leading to longer total hands-off time. Hands-off time during chest compression did not differ significantly. The percentage of correct compression rate and correct compression depth was significantly higher when app use was mandatory. Assessment of the patient's condition, and body and arm positioning did not differ. CONCLUSIONS Smartphone apps offering real-time guidance in resuscitation can improve the quality of chest compression but may also delay the start of resuscitation. Provided that the app gives easy-to-implement, guideline-compliant instructions and that the user is familiar with its operation, we recommend smartphone-guidance as an additional tool to hands-on CPR-training to increase the prevalence and quality of bystander-initiated CPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Metelmann
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bibiana Metelmann
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Louisa Schuffert
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Klaus Hahnenkamp
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcus Vollmer
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Brinkrolf
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Mandatory cardiopulmonary resuscitation competencies for undergraduate healthcare students in Europe: A European Resuscitation Council guidance note. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2021; 37:839-841. [PMID: 32925434 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000001272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Martínez-Isasi S, García-Suárez M, De La Peña Rodríguez MA, Gómez-Salgado J, Fernández N, Méndez-Martínez C, Leon-Castelao E, Clemente-Vivancos A, Fernández-García D. Basic life support training programme in schools by school nurses: How long and how often to train? Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24819. [PMID: 33787576 PMCID: PMC8021366 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training in schools, despite being legislated in Spain, is not established as such within the subjects that children are taught in schools. OBJECTIVE to evaluate the acquisition of CPR skills by 11-year-old children after a brief theoretical-practical teaching programme taught by nurses at school. METHODS 62 students were assessed in a quasi-experimental study on 2 cohorts (51.4% of the sample in control group [CG]). In total, 2 sessions were given, a theoretical one, and a practical training for skill development in children, in which the CG performed the CPR in 2-minute cycles and the intervention group in 1-minute cycles. The anthropometric variables recorded were weight and height, and the variables compression quality and ventilation quality were recorded using the Laerdal ResusciAnne manikin with Personal Computer/Wireless SkillReport. RESULTS The assessment showed better results, in terms of BLS sequence performance and use of automated external defibrillator, in the CG and after training, except for the evaluation of the 10-second breathing assessment technique. The quality of chest compressions was better in the CG after training, as was the quality of the ventilations. There were no major differences in CPR quality after training and 4 months after the 1-minute and 2-minute training cycles. CONCLUSIONS 11-year-old children do not perform quality chest compressions or ventilations but, considering their age, they are able to perform a BLS sequence correctly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Martínez-Isasi
- Life Support and Medical Simulation Research Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CLINURSID Research Group. Faculty of Nursing, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela
| | - Mario García-Suárez
- Servicio de Anestesia y Reanimación, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE), Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Leon
| | | | - Juan Gómez-Salgado
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Labour Sciences, Social Work and Public Health, University of Huelva, Huelva
- Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Nélida Fernández
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of Leon, Leon
| | - Carlos Méndez-Martínez
- Servicio de Anestesia y Reanimación, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE), Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Leon
| | - Esther Leon-Castelao
- Clinical Simulation Lab, School of Medicine and Healthcare Sciences, University of Barcelona
| | - Alvaro Clemente-Vivancos
- Clinical Simulation Lab, School of Medicine and Healthcare Sciences, University of Barcelona
- Escola Superior de Enfermeria Mar (ESIMar), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona
| | - Daniel Fernández-García
- Unidad de Radiología Vascular Intervencionista, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE), Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Leon, Spain
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Otero-Agra M, Varela-Casal C, Castillo-Pereiro N, Casillas-Cabana M, San Román-Mata S, Barcala-Furelos R, Rodríguez-Núñez A. Can we train the chain of survival while playing? Validation of the tool «Rescube». ANALES DE PEDIATRÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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El Bashtaly A, Khalil E, Méthot F, Ledoux-Hutchinson L, Franc JM, Homier V. Tourniquet application by schoolchildren-a randomized crossover study of three commercially available models. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2021; 90:666-672. [PMID: 33405474 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000003055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Life-threatening hemorrhage is a major cause of preventable mortality in trauma. Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of commercial tourniquets when used by adult civilians. However, there are no data about tourniquet application by children.This study's goal is to determine which of three commercially available tourniquets is most effective when used by children. METHODS A randomized crossover study was conducted in four elementary schools in Montreal to compare three commercially available tourniquets. The study population is primary school children aged 10 to 12 years (5th-6th grade). A total of 181 students were invited to participate; 96 obtained parental approval and were recruited. Participants underwent a short 7-minute video training on the use of three commercial tourniquets and were subsequently given a 2-minute practice period. Students were evaluated on their ability to successfully apply the tourniquet and the time to complete application. After applying all three tourniquets, the students selected their favorite model. The primary outcome is the proportion of successful applications per tourniquet model. Secondary outcomes include time to successful application for each tourniquet model and tourniquet model preference. RESULTS The mechanical advantage tourniquet (MAT) outperformed the combat application tourniquet (CAT) and the stretch wrap and tuck tourniquet (SWATT) in terms of success rate (MAT, 67%; CAT, 44%; SWATT, 24%; p < 0.0001), time to application (MAT, 57 seconds; CAT, 80 seconds; SWATT, 90 seconds; p < 0.0001), and preference (MAT, 64%; CAT, 30%; SWATT, 6%; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION In this study, the MAT performs better in terms of success rate, time to application, and preference when used by school-aged children. This study can be helpful when facilities are purchasing tourniquets for use by students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El Bashtaly
- From the Faculty of Medicine (A.E.B., F.M., L.L.-H.), Université de Montreal; Pediatric Emergency Medicine (E.K.), Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec; Faculty of Medicine (J.M.F.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; and Adult Emergency Medicine (V.H.), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Teaching First Aid to Prospective Teachers as a Way to Promote Child Healthcare. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9040367. [PMID: 33806034 PMCID: PMC8064469 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9040367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This article aimed to analyze, through a qualitative study (i.e., semi-structured interview), the opinions and knowledge of fourth-year future teachers at a Spanish public university (University of Granada) regarding training and the need for first aid (FA) at school. With a sample of 70 subjects in their last year of training, our conclusion is that although they are aware of the importance of first aid for their professional development, there is no such training in their careers, and thus they have great difficulty understanding how to react to emergency situations on the job.
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Effects of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation with Automated External Defibrillator Training among Schoolchildren in Slovenia: A Pre- and Post-test Cohort Study. Zdr Varst 2021; 60:131-137. [PMID: 33822836 PMCID: PMC8015652 DOI: 10.2478/sjph-2021-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A low proportion of bystanders in Slovenia are willing to provide resuscitation to people experiencing cardiac arrest. We measured knowledge acquired after cardiopulmonary resuscitation training among Slovenian children in the final three grades of primary school. Methods This pre- and post-test cohort study included 566 schoolchildren aged 12-15 years. From April to May 2018, we administered a 15-item questionnaire to children in 15 primary schools, to assess the effects of theoretical and practical cardiopulmonary resuscitation training on their knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation at 1-2 months after training. Data were processed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. Results A significantly greater level of post-training knowledge was noted in all three equally sized school grade groups (p=0.001). The youngest group (mean age 12.5 years) exhibited the greatest increase in knowledge, with test scores increasing by an average 2.65 (range 0-15) points. Age (p=0.001), body mass index (p=0.037), female sex (p=0.006), and previous resuscitation training (p=0.024) were significant independent predictors of pre-training knowledge level. Sex was the only predictor significantly influencing knowledge levels after training (p=0.002); girls scored up to 0.7 points higher than boys, both before and after training. Conclusions Among Slovenian schoolchildren aged 12-15 years, a significantly improved level of theoretical knowledge was demonstrated after cardiopulmonary resuscitation training. The introduction of cardiopulmonary training may be most effective in children aged 12.5 years (seventh graders). Early, compulsory resuscitation training might reduce social barriers to performing resuscitation, which may eventually translate into better post-cardiac arrest outcomes.
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Learning Effectiveness Assessment between Primary School Students and Adults in Basic Life Support Education. Emerg Med Int 2021; 2021:5579402. [PMID: 33680515 PMCID: PMC7929662 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5579402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains a big issue of critical care. It is well known that bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with an automated external defibrillator (AED) used did improve the survival rate. Therefore, CPR education including basic life support (BLS) and AED has been advocated for years. It showed significant improvement of knowledge and willingness to perform CPR through adolescents after the course. However, little is known regarding the ability and learning effectiveness of school students who attend such courses. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the CPR effectiveness of both adolescents (12 years old) and adults who undergo the same course of BLS and AED. Methods This is a retrospective study. Sixth-grade elementary school students in Northern Taiwan were selected to compare with the adult group. Both took 90 minutes of the BLS and AED course by the doctor with BLS instructor qualification. The primary outcomes were CPR quality and passing or failing the skill examination parameters. The secondary outcome was the posttraining written test and questionnaire of CPR willingness. Results In the written test, there was a statistical difference in the pretest score except AED knowledge, but no difference was revealed in the posttest score. No statistical difference in CPR quality was noted. In the skill examination, only checking breathing status had statistical difference (elementary group (71%) vs. adult group (86%) (p=0.003)). Conclusion We revealed that sixth-grade elementary students' performance in CPR and AED was similar to that of adults after completing the current 90-minute course. Therefore, we strongly advocate offering CPR and AED courses to 12-year-old children, and these courses should emphasize checking the victim's breathing status.
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Haskins B, Nehme Z, Ball J, Mahony E, Parker-Stebbing L, Cameron P, Bernard S, Smith K. Comparison of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests Occurring in Schools and Other Public Locations: A 12-Year Retrospective Study. PREHOSP EMERG CARE 2021; 26:179-188. [PMID: 33428496 DOI: 10.1080/10903127.2021.1873471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) in schools and universities are uncommon. However, these institutions must plan and prepare for such events to ensure the best outcomes. To evaluate their preparedness we assessed baseline characteristics, survival outcomes and 12-year trends for OHCA in schools/universities compared to other public locations.Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of OHCA in schools/universities and public locations between 2008 and 2019 using Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry data.Results: We included 9,037 EMS attended cases, 131 occurred in schools/universities and 8,906 in public locations. Compared to public locations, a significantly higher proportion of EMS treated cases in schools/universities received bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) (95.5% vs. 78.5%, p < 0.001), public access defibrillation (PAD) (26.1% vs. 9.9%, p < 0.001) and presented in shockable rhythms (69.4% vs. 50.9%, p < 0.001). Unadjusted survival to hospital discharge rates were also significantly higher in schools/universities (39.6% vs. 24.2%, p < 0.001). The long-term unadjusted trends for bystander CPR in schools/universities increased from 91.7% (2008-10) to 100% (2017-19) (p-trend = 0.025), for PAD from 4.2% (2008-10) to 47.5% (2017-19) (p-trend < 0.001) and for survival to hospital discharge from 16.7% (2008-10) to 57.5% (2017-19) (p-trend = 0.004). However, after adjustment for favorable cardiac arrest factors, such as younger age, bystander CPR and PAD, survival was similar between schools/universities and public locations.Conclusion: The majority of OHCA in schools and universities were witnessed and received bystander CPR, however less than half received PAD. Developing site-specific cardiac emergency response plans and providing age appropriate CPR training to primary, secondary and university students would help improve PAD rates.
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Alhussein RM, Albarrak MM, Alrabiah AA, Aljerian NA, Bin Salleeh HM, Hersi AS, Wani TA, Al Aseri ZA. Knowledge of non-healthcare individuals towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a cross-sectional study in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Int J Emerg Med 2021; 14:11. [PMID: 33568064 PMCID: PMC7876786 DOI: 10.1186/s12245-021-00335-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most sudden cardiac arrests occur at home, with low rates of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation being performed. We aimed to assess knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation among individuals in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia, who are not involved in health care. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between January and February 2020 in 4 different areas in Riyadh City: North, South, East, and West. The participants were surveyed using a validated self-administered questionnaire. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.0 was used for inferential statistics and binary logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 856 participants completed the questionnaire, 51.8% were unaware of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Only 4.4% of the participants had attended a formal cardiopulmonary resuscitation training course, 5.1% were campaign attendees, and 38.7% acquired their experience through the media. Having a higher level of education was positively associated with having knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The main concern among attendees of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training courses and campaigns was legal issues, whereas inadequate knowledge was the major barrier for those who had learned about cardiopulmonary resuscitation through the media. Conclusion The level of knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation among non-health care individuals in Riyadh City was found to be insufficient. Therefore, coordinated efforts among different authorities should be considered to implement a structured strategy aiming to increase awareness and knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation among non-health care individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abdulaziz A Alrabiah
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 7805, Riyadh, 11472, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawfal A Aljerian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Medical Referrals Center-Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashim M Bin Salleeh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 7805, Riyadh, 11472, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad S Hersi
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 7805, Riyadh, 11472, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq A Wani
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zohair A Al Aseri
- College of Medicine, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. .,Departments of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 7805, Riyadh, 11472, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Almojarthe B, Alqahtani S, AlGouzi B, Alluhayb W, Asiri N. Awareness of Secondary School Students regarding Basic Life Support in Abha City, Southern Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:4878305. [PMID: 33603571 PMCID: PMC7868155 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4878305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basic life support (BLS) is a level of medical care that is used for individuals with life-threatening illnesses or injuries until they can be given full medical care at a hospital. It can be provided by trained medical personnel, including emergency medical technicians and paramedics, and by qualified bystanders. Vital areas of adult BLS include immediate identification of sudden cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency response system, early performance of high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and rapid defibrillation, when appropriate. AIM To assess the awareness of secondary school students regarding BLS in Abha City, Saudi Arabia. Methodology. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted targeting all accessible secondary school students in Abha City during the academic years 2018-2019. After explaining the objectives and importance of the research topic, all students in the three grades were invited to complete the study questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed by the researchers after reviewing the literature for related topics and consulting an expert for any additions or modifications. RESULTS The study included 761 students with ages ranging from 15 to 20 years and a mean age of 17 ± 1 years old. Male students accounted for 53.6% of the participants, and 96.7% of the participants were Saudi. Exactly 31% of the students had had a BLS training course, among which 79.2% had had training that lasted for only one day. Regarding awareness, 65% of the students had heard about BLS, and 44% knew about CPR. Exactly 52% of the students indicated that they should call the ER if there was a case with fainting. A total of 45.3% of the students reported that airway checking was the first step in CPR, and 16.7% reported that the chest compression to oral breathing ratio should be 30 to 2. Conclusions and Recommendations. In conclusion, the study revealed that poor awareness regarding BLS was present among the students. The researchers concluded that less than one-third of the students had BLS training. BLS should be taught, theoretically and practically (with simulations), to middle and high school students as BLS involves relatively simple concepts and methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandar Almojarthe
- Family Medicine Department at King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alqahtani
- King Khalid University, College of Medicine, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Belgith AlGouzi
- King Khalid University, College of Medicine, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Alluhayb
- King Khalid University, College of Medicine, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Asiri
- King Khalid University, College of Medicine, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Nakagawa NK, Oliveira KMG, Lockey A, Semeraro F, Aikawa P, Macchione M, Carvalho-Oliveira R, Gouvêa GB, Boaventura AP, Maiworm AI, Calderaro M, Hajjar LA, Motta EV, Souza HP, de André CDS, Silva LFF, Polastri TF, Timerman S, Carmona MJC, Böttiger BW. Effectiveness of the 40-Minute Handmade Manikin Program to Teach Hands-on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation at School Communities. Am J Cardiol 2021; 139:126-130. [PMID: 33007308 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Bystander training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is crucial to improve the victims' survival and quality of life after sudden cardiac arrest. This observational study aimed to determine the success rate of 2 different programs of CPR training for children, adolescents, and adults in school communities. We assessed the development and acquisition of the following CPR skills: checking local safety, assessing victim's responsiveness, calling for help, assessing victim's breathing, and performing chest compression (hands and straight arms placement on the chest, compression velocity, depth, and chest release) using a 40-minute program with handmade manikins or the 120-minute program using intermediate-fidelity manikins. There were 1,630 learners (mean age 16 years, 38% male) in the 40-minute program, and 347 learners (mean age 27 years, 32% male) in the 120-minute program. The lowest successful pass rate of learners that developed CPR skills was 89.4% in the 40-minute program and 84.5% in the 120-minute program. The chances of success increased with age in the same program (compression rate and depth). The success rate also increased with the more extended and intermediate-cost program at the same age (assessing victim's responsiveness, calling for help, and assessing the victim's respiration). In conclusion, a 40-minute and cheaper (low-cost handmade manikin) CPR program was adequate to develop and acquire the overall CPR skills for ≥89% at school communities, independently of gender. However, some individual CPR skills can be further improved with increasing age and using the longer and intermediate-cost program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi K Nakagawa
- Physiotherapy, Communication Science and Speech Therapy and Occupational Therapy Department, LIM54, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Katia M G Oliveira
- Physiotherapy, Communication Science and Speech Therapy and Occupational Therapy Department, LIM54, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrew Lockey
- Emergency Department, Calderdale Royal Hospital, Halifax, United Kingdom
| | | | - Priscila Aikawa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gabriela B Gouvêa
- Physiotherapy, Communication Science and Speech Therapy and Occupational Therapy Department, LIM54, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Calderaro
- Neurology Department, Hospital das Clínicas FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo V Motta
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carmen D S de André
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Thatiane F Polastri
- Medical Training Simulation Laboratory, Institute of Cardiology, FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Timerman
- Medical Training Simulation Laboratory, Institute of Cardiology, FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Bernd W Böttiger
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Borovnik Lesjak V, Šorgo A, Strnad M. Validated Assessment of Schoolchildren’s Attitude Towards Basic Life Support and Automated External Defibrillator Use. INQUIRY: THE JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION, AND FINANCING 2021; 58:469580211056223. [PMID: 34913386 PMCID: PMC8695745 DOI: 10.1177/00469580211056223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
As knowledge and attitude towards performing basic life support and using an
automated external defibrillator (BLS and AED) contribute equally to improving
survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, we aimed to develop a measuring
instrument for a validated assessment of schoolchildrens' attitude towards BLS
and AED. The objective was to identify, measure, and address pertinent attitude
dimensions that influence the intention to actually perform BLS and AED. We
conducted a BLS and AED course for seventh and ninth grade students. Students
fulfilled pre- and post-course questionnaires on attitude and intention to
perform BLS and AED. The measuring instrument was developed with the use of
exploratory factor analysis with application of principal component analysis and
confirmatory factor analysis with application of structural equation modeling.
Measurement invariance across different groups (gender, grades, previous
courses) was tested with Wilcoxon signed ranks test and Mann–Whitney
U test. Differences in attitude pre- and post-course were
evaluated by application of Mann–Whitney U test. The final
attitude model consisted of 3 behavioral constructs (self-confidence, positive
motivation, and amotivation). Self-confidence was the major construct directly
affecting the intention to act. Positive motivation had a negligible direct
effect on intention but correlated strongly with self-confidence. The effect of
attitude on the intention to help is therefore less complicated than was
expected, which relieves the non-professional educators of having to know the
specifics of the different behavioral constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Borovnik Lesjak
- Center for Emergency Medicine, Health Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Vesna Borovnik Lesjak, Center for Emergency
Medicine, Health Center Maribor, C. Proletarskih brigad 21, Maribor 2001,
Slovenia.
| | - Andrej Šorgo
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and
Mathematics, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering
and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Matej Strnad
- Center for Emergency Medicine, Health Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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Reveruzzi B, Buckley L, Sheehan M. First aid training in secondary schools: A comparative study and implementation considerations. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2020; 75:32-40. [PMID: 33334490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION School-based first aid training has benefits for adolescents with an opportunity to increase health and safety knowledge relating to injury and cardiac arrest. METHOD Using a quasi-experimental design we evaluated differences among students (Mage = 13.46 years, 55% female) taught first aid through the Skills for Preventing Injury in Youth (SPIY) program (n = 1942), treatment-as-usual school-based first aid training (n = 675), and students who did not receive first aid training (n = 489). RESULTS Results showed significant differences in self-reported knowledge scores at twelve-month follow-up (controlling for baseline knowledge). Students in the SPIY group and the treatment-as-usual first aid group had higher total scores than the control group. Teachers and students reported positive perceptions to first aid study, in particular the interactive delivery and scenarios for contextualizing information. Practical Applications: The study provides support for the retention of first aid knowledge up to 12-months and thus the inclusion and feasibility of first aid training in secondary school curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Reveruzzi
- Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove Campus, Qld 4059, Australia
| | - Lisa Buckley
- The University of Queensland, Herston Campus, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia.
| | - Mary Sheehan
- Queensland University of Technology, 130 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia.
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[Evaluation of the project for the introduction of bystander resuscitation in schools in North Rhine-Westphalia]. Anaesthesist 2020; 70:383-391. [PMID: 33244640 PMCID: PMC8099835 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-020-00889-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teaching of resuscitation measures is not mandatory in all schools in Germany. It is currently limited to individual, partly mandatory projects despite a low bystander resuscitation rate. For this reason, the Ministry for Schools and Education of North Rhine-Westphalia initiated the project "Bystander resuscitation at schools in NRW" in March 2017. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to evaluate this project. MATERIAL AND METHODS All secondary schools in North Rhine-Westphalia were invited to participate in the project. Medical partners from each administrative district took part, who carried out resuscitation training with existing concepts for teacher or student training. After a 3-year period, the evaluation was carried out using standardized questionnaires for school headmasters, teachers and students. RESULTS In total, more than 40,000 pupils from 249 schools in NRW could be trained in resuscitation within the project with 6 different concepts. Of the students 85% answered the questions regarding resuscitation correctly and overall felt safe in resuscitation measures. The one-off investment requirement for all schools is roughly 4-6.5 million € and around 340,000 € in each budget year. CONCLUSION A legal constitution and funding are necessary for a nationwide introduction of resuscitation in schools. All established concepts are effective, therefore each school can use them exactly according to their needs, optimally in a stepped form. Training for teachers should focus on resuscitation.
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