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Hirst JE, Boniface JJ, Le DP, Polpitiya AD, Fox AC, Vu TTK, Dang TT, Fleischer TC, Bui NTH, Hickok DE, Kearney PE, Thwaites G, Kennedy SH, Kestelyn E, Le TQ. Validating the ratio of insulin like growth factor binding protein 4 to sex hormone binding globulin as a prognostic predictor of preterm birth in Viet Nam: a case-cohort study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2024; 37:2333923. [PMID: 38584143 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2024.2333923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate a serum biomarker developed in the USA for preterm birth (PTB) risk stratification in Viet Nam. METHODS Women with singleton pregnancies (n = 5000) were recruited between 19+0-23+6 weeks' gestation at Tu Du Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City. Maternal serum was collected from 19+0-22+6 weeks' gestation and participants followed to neonatal discharge. Relative insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 (IGFBP4) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) abundances were measured by mass spectrometry and their ratio compared between PTB cases and term controls. Discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, AUC) and calibration for PTB <37 and <34 weeks' gestation were tested, with model tuning using clinical factors. Measured outcomes included all PTBs (any birth ≤37 weeks' gestation) and spontaneous PTBs (birth ≤37 weeks' gestation with clinical signs of initiation of parturition). RESULTS Complete data were available for 4984 (99.7%) individuals. The cohort PTB rate was 6.7% (n = 335). We observed an inverse association between the IGFBP4/SHBG ratio and gestational age at birth (p = 0.017; AUC 0.60 [95% CI, 0.53-0.68]). Including previous PTB (for multiparous women) or prior miscarriage (for primiparous women) improved performance (AUC 0.65 and 0.70, respectively, for PTB <37 and <34 weeks' gestation). Optimal performance (AUC 0.74) was seen within 19-20 weeks' gestation, for BMI >21 kg/m2 and age 20-35 years. CONCLUSION We have validated a novel serum biomarker for PTB risk stratification in a very different setting to the original study. Further research is required to determine appropriate ratio thresholds based on the prevalence of risk factors and the availability of resources and preventative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Hirst
- Department of Global Women's Health, The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Dung Puhong Le
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tu Du Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | | | - Angela C Fox
- Sera Prognostics, Inc, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Thi Thai Kim Vu
- Clinical Trials Unit, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Thuan Trong Dang
- Clinical Trials Unit, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | | | - Nhu Thi Hong Bui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tu Du Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | | | | | - Guy Thwaites
- Clinical Trials Unit, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen H Kennedy
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Evelyne Kestelyn
- Clinical Trials Unit, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thanh Quang Le
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tu Du Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
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Hu R, Geng Y, Huang Y, Liu Z, Li F, Song K, Ma W, Dong H, Zhang M, Lei T, Song Y, Zhang Z. Jiawei Buzhong Yiqi Decoction attenuates polycystic ovary syndrome through regulating kisspeptin-GPR54-AKT-SHBG system. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 133:155931. [PMID: 39116604 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common reproductive endocrine disorders. Accumulated evidence has suggested the indispensable role of kisspeptin-G protein-coupled receptor (GPR54) system and SHBG in development of PCOS. However, potential mechanisms and their relationship are unclear. Jiawei Buzhong Yiqi Decoction (JWBZYQ) has been reported to ameliorate obese PCOS. Whereas, potential mechanisms remain elusive. PURPOSE To determine whether JWBZYQ attenuates PCOS by regulating the kisspeptin-GPR54 system and SHBG production. And to explore potential mechanisms. METHODS An overweight PCOS rat model was developed with testosterone propionate (TP) and high-fat diet (HFD). The efficacy of JWBZYQ was assessed by tracking changes in weight, estrous cycle, ovarian morphology, and serum sex hormone levels. Additionally, kisspeptin-GPR54 system expression in multiple organs and PI3K-AKT pathway activity in liver of different rats were detected. Modifications in SHBG production were also measured. Kisspeptin54 was administered to establish a cellular model. The levels of AKT phosphorylation and SHBG protein within HepG2 cells were analyzed. Finally, confirmatory studies were performed using AKT phosphorylation activator and inhibitor. RESULTS JWBZYQ effectively attenuated the overweight, disrupted estrous cycle, altered sex hormone levels, and aberrant ovarian morphology in PCOS rats. Meanwhile, PCOS rats exhibited elevated levels of kisspeptin and GPR54, along with reduced SHBG levels, which could be reversed by JWBZYQ. These alterations might be connected with the activation of AKT phosphorylation. In vitro experiment identified that JWBZYQ could rectify the hyperactivated AKT phosphorylation and deficient production of SHBG caused by kisspeptin54. CONCLUSIONS Overexpressed kisspeptin-GPR54 system inhibited SHBG synthesis in PCOS. JWBZYQ curtailed the exorbitant expression of kisspeptin and GPR54, which moderated the rise in AKT phosphorylation and subsequently promoted the production of SHBG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runan Hu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuli Geng
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yanjing Huang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fan Li
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Kunkun Song
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wenwen Ma
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Haoxu Dong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mingmin Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yufan Song
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Fan X, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Yang R, Zhou Y, Gu J. Assessing the causal relationship between frailty and sex hormone-binding globulin or insulin-like growth factor-1 levels: A sex-stratified bidirectional Mendelian Randomization study. Exp Gerontol 2024; 195:112545. [PMID: 39154868 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between frailty and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) or insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) levels demonstrates sex differences with inconsistent conclusions. This study aims to explore the causal relationship between frailty and SHBG or IGF-1 levels through bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS We conducted two-sample bidirectional sex-stratified MR analyses using summary-level data from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to examine the causal relationship between frailty and IGF-1 or SHBG levels, as measured by frailty index (FI) and frailty phenotype (FP). We use the random-effects inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, MR-Egger, MR-Egger intercept, and leave-one-out approaches. RESULT The relationship between frailty and SHBG or IGF-1 levels is inversely related, with a significant decrease in SHBG levels in females. Specifically, SHBG levels significantly decrease with FI (β = -5.49; 95 % CI: -9.67 to -1.32; FDR = 0.02) and more pronounced with FP (β = -10.14; 95 % CI: -16.16 to -4.13; FDR = 0.01), as determined by the IVW approach. However, reverse analysis shows no significant effect of IGF-1 or SHBG levels on either FI or FP (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study indicates a negative correlation between frailty and the levels of SHBG and IGF-1. It is suggested that further research is required to establish cut-off values for SHBG and IGF-1 levels in the frailty population. This is particularly important for females at higher risk, such as those undergoing menopause, to enable comprehensive assessment and early prevention efforts. While the findings imply that reduced IGF-1 and SHBG levels may not directly contribute to frailty, it is important not to overlook the underlying mechanisms through which they may indirectly influence frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Fan
- Department of General Practice, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaoyu Zhang
- Department of General Practice, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Runjun Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yajing Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, NHC Key Laboratory for Health Technology Assessment, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Gu
- Department of General Practice, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; International Medical Center, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Tin Tin S, Smith-Byrne K, Ferrari P, Rinaldi S, McCullough ML, Teras LR, Manjer J, Giles G, Le Marchand L, Haiman CA, Wilkens LR, Chen Y, Hankinson S, Tworoger S, Eliassen AH, Willett WC, Ziegler RG, Fuhrman BJ, Sieri S, Agnoli C, Cauley J, Menon U, Fourkala EO, Rohan TE, Kaaks R, Reeves GK, Key TJ. Alcohol intake and endogenous sex hormones in women: Meta-analysis of cohort studies and Mendelian randomization. Cancer 2024; 130:3375-3386. [PMID: 38824654 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced breast carcinogenesis are not fully understood but may involve hormonal changes. METHODS Cross-sectional associations were investigated between self-reported alcohol intake and serum or plasma concentrations of estradiol, estrone, progesterone (in premenopausal women only), testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in 45 431 premenopausal and 173 476 postmenopausal women. Multivariable linear regression was performed separately for UK Biobank, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, and Endogenous Hormones and Breast Cancer Collaborative Group, and meta-analyzed the results. For testosterone and SHBG, we also conducted Mendelian randomization and colocalization using the ADH1B (alcohol dehydrogenase 1B) variant (rs1229984). RESULTS Alcohol intake was positively, though weakly, associated with all hormones (except progesterone in premenopausal women), with increments in concentrations per 10 g/day increment in alcohol intake ranging from 1.7% for luteal estradiol to 6.6% for postmenopausal dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. There was an inverse association of alcohol with SHBG in postmenopausal women but a small positive association in premenopausal women. Two-sample randomization identified positive associations of alcohol intake with total testosterone (difference per 10 g/day increment: 4.1%; 95% CI, 0.6-7.6) and free testosterone (7.8%; 4.1-11.5), and an inverse association with SHBG (-8.1%; -11.3% to -4.9%). Colocalization suggested a shared causal locus at ADH1B between alcohol intake and higher free testosterone and lower SHBG (posterior probability for H4, 0.81 and 0.97, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Alcohol intake was associated with small increases in sex hormone concentrations, including bioavailable fractions, which may contribute to its effect on breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandar Tin Tin
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Karl Smith-Byrne
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pietro Ferrari
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Sabina Rinaldi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, Lyon, France
| | | | - Lauren R Teras
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jonas Manjer
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Graham Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sue Hankinson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shelley Tworoger
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Departments of Nutrition & Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Departments of Nutrition & Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Regina G Ziegler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Jane Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Usha Menon
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Thomas E Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gillian K Reeves
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Chen D, Xu W, Wen Y, Tan X, Liu J. Causal relationship analysis between 35 blood/urine metabolites and gastroesophageal reflux disease: A Mendelian randomization combined meta-analysis study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39248. [PMID: 39121258 PMCID: PMC11315488 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common condition worldwide. Despite numerous studies on GERD, the causal relationships between blood/urine metabolites and GERD remain unclear. This study aims to explore the causal relationships between GERD and 35 blood/urine metabolites. In this study, we conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses for 35 blood/urine metabolites with GERD phenotypes from the FinnGen R10 and UKB databases separately. We then performed a meta-analysis of the inverse variance weighted results from the 2 MR analyses and applied multiple corrections to the significant P values from the meta-analysis. Finally, we conducted reverse causality validation for the corrected positive blood/urine metabolite phenotypes with GERD. After conducting MR analysis combined with meta-analysis and performing multiple corrections, we found significant positive causal associations between only 3 blood/urine metabolites and GERD, with no significant reverse associations. Among them, 2 are risk factors for the occurrence of GERD: alanine aminotransferase levels (odds ratio (OR) = 1.120, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.064-1.180, P = .0005) and urate levels (OR = 1.095, 95% CI = 1.044-1.147, P = .005). Additionally, sex hormone-binding globulin levels are protective against GERD (OR = 0.928, 95% CI = 0.896-0.961, P = .0009). Elevated levels of the metabolites alanine aminotransferase and urate are associated with an increased risk of GERD, identifying them as risk factors for the condition. In contrast, higher levels of SHBG are linked to a decreased risk of GERD, indicating that SHBG is a protective factor against the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daolei Chen
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Kunming City & Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wanxian Xu
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Kunming City & Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Wen
- The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaolan Tan
- Kunming University of Arts and Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Kunming City & Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Xega V, Liu JL. Beyond reproduction: unraveling the impact of sex hormones on cardiometabolic health. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2024; 4:284-300. [PMID: 39135604 PMCID: PMC11317208 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2024-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
This review thoroughly explores the multifaceted roles of sexual hormones, emphasizing their impact beyond reproductive functions and underscoring their significant influence on cardiometabolic regulation. It analyzes the broader physiological implications of estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone, highlighting their effects on metabolic syndrome, lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and cardiovascular health. Drawing from diverse molecular, clinical, and therapeutic studies, the paper delves into the intricate interplay between these hormones and cardiometabolic processes. By presenting a comprehensive analysis that goes beyond traditional perspectives, and recognizing sexual hormones as more than reproductive agents, the review sheds light on their broader significance in health and disease management, advocating for holistic and personalized medical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Xega
- MeDiC Program, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jun-Li Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Rosenfield RL. The Search for the Causes of Common Hyperandrogenism, 1965 to Circa 2015. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:553-592. [PMID: 38457123 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
From 1965 to 2015, immense strides were made into understanding the mechanisms underlying the common androgen excess disorders, premature adrenarche and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The author reviews the critical discoveries of this era from his perspective investigating these disorders, commencing with his early discoveries of the unique pattern of plasma androgens in premature adrenarche and the elevation of an index of the plasma free testosterone concentration in most hirsute women. The molecular genetic basis, though not the developmental biologic basis, for adrenarche is now known and 11-oxytestosterones shown to be major bioactive adrenal androgens. The evolution of the lines of research into the pathogenesis of PCOS is historically traced: research milestones are cited in the areas of neuroendocrinology, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinism, type 2 diabetes mellitus, folliculogenesis, androgen secretion, obesity, phenotyping, prenatal androgenization, epigenetics, and complex genetics. Large-scale genome-wide association studies led to the 2014 discovery of an unsuspected steroidogenic regulator DENND1A (differentially expressed in normal and neoplastic development). The splice variant DENND1A.V2 is constitutively overexpressed in PCOS theca cells in long-term culture and accounts for their PCOS-like phenotype. The genetics are complex, however: DENND1A intronic variant copy number is related to phenotype severity, and recent data indicate that rare variants in a DENND1A regulatory network and other genes are related to PCOS. Obesity exacerbates PCOS manifestations via insulin resistance and proinflammatory cytokine excess; excess adipose tissue also forms testosterone. Polycystic ovaries in 40 percent of apparently normal women lie on the PCOS functional spectrum. Much remains to be learned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Rosenfield
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 94109, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Choi CH, Lee YY, Lai YL, Chang K, Kim HS, Chen J, Chen YL. Outcomes of extended progestin therapy in atypical endometrial hyperplasia patients without an initial response to progestin: a retrospective study from two tertiary centers in Korea and Taiwan. J Gynecol Oncol 2024; 36:36.e18. [PMID: 39028151 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2025.36.e18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we evaluated the role of prolonged progestin treatment on atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) patients who did not achieve complete regression (CR) after at least 3 months of progestin treatment. Possible prognostic factors predicting disease regression and recurrence were also assessed. METHODS We retrospectively identified patients who had histologically confirmed persistent disease after at least 3 months of progestin treatment at two tertiary centers in Korea and Taiwan. Clinicopathologic factors and clinical outcomes were obtained from medical records. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between covariates and the probability of CR and relapse. RESULTS Fifty-two patients were included. Thirty-seven of 52 patients (71.2%) achieved CR after prolonged progestin treatment. Median time from starting progestin treatment to CR was 12.0 months. Daily administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate ≥200 mg or megestrol acetate ≥80 mg was associated with higher probability of regression. Nineteen of 37 patients (51.4%) experienced recurrence, with median time from CR to relapse of 15.0 months. Body mass index ≥27 was associated with higher relapse probability. Twelve of 16 patients with disease progression to endometrial carcinoma underwent surgery. The 12 cases had stage I tumors and lived without disease. CONCLUSION Extension of progestin treatment course is feasible for AEH patients without an initial response to progestin. Higher daily progestin dosage was associated with higher probability of CR, and obesity was associated with higher risk of relapse. The patients without an initial response to progestins and whose AEH progressed to endometrial carcinoma had good prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chel-Hun Choi
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo-Young Lee
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yen-Ling Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Koping Chang
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin County, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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9
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Hu R, Long S, Luo M, Tang B, Tan T, Dong W, Wang Q, Zhang J. Hyperglycemia Inhibits Hepatic SHBG Synthesis Through the NGBR-AMPK-HNF4 Pathway in Rats with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Induced by Letrozole in Combination with a High-Fat Diet. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300915. [PMID: 38862276 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is closely related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a glycoprotein produced by the liver. Hepatic lipogenesis inhibits hepatic SHBG synthesis, which leads to hyperandrogenemia and ovarian dysfunction in PCOS. Therefore, this study aims to characterize the mechanism whereby liver lipogenesis inhibits SHBG synthesis. METHODS AND RESULTS This study establishes a rat model of PCOS complicated by NAFLD using a high-fat diet in combination with letrozole and performs transcriptomic analysis of the liver. Transcriptomic analysis of the liver shows that the expression of neurite growth inhibitor-B receptor (NgBR), hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α), and SHBG is low. Meantime, HepG2 cells are treated with palmitic acid (PA) to model NAFLD in vitro, which causes decreases in the expression of NgBR, HNF4α, and SHBG. However, the expression of HNF4α and SHBG is restored by treatment with the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist AICAR. CONCLUSIONS NgBR regulates the expression of HNF4α by activating the AMPK signaling pathway, thereby affecting the synthesis of SHBG in the liver. Further mechanistic studies regarding the effect of liver fat on NGBR expression are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rao Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Gynecology &Obstetrics and Reproductive Medical Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- Institute of Applied Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Shuanglian Long
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Gynecology &Obstetrics and Reproductive Medical Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- Institute of Applied Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Min Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Gynecology &Obstetrics and Reproductive Medical Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- Institute of Applied Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Bowen Tang
- Institute of Applied Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Tao Tan
- Institute of Applied Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Weilei Dong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Gynecology &Obstetrics and Reproductive Medical Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Qian Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Gynecology &Obstetrics and Reproductive Medical Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Gynecology &Obstetrics and Reproductive Medical Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
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10
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Brianso-Llort L, Saéz-Lopez C, Alvarez-Guaita A, Ramos-Perez L, Hernandez C, Simó R, Selva DM. Recent Advances on Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Regulation by Nutritional Factors: Clinical Implications. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2400020. [PMID: 38934352 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202400020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a homodimeric glycoprotein produced by the human liver and secreted into the systemic circulation where it binds with high affinity sex steroids regulating their availability in blood and accessibility to target tissues. Plasma SHBG levels are altered in metabolic disorders such as obesity, anorexia, and insulin resistance. Several reports have shown that diets in terms of total calories or fat, fiber, or protein content can alter plasma SHBG levels. However, there are many components in a diet that can affect SHBG gene expression in the liver. In order to unravel the molecular mechanisms by which diets regulate SHBG production, it would be necessary to analyze single diet components and/or nutritional factors. This review summarizes the recent advances in identifying different nutritional factors regulating SHBG production and the related molecular mechanism, as well as the clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Brianso-Llort
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM, ISCIII), Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Cristina Saéz-Lopez
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM, ISCIII), Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Anna Alvarez-Guaita
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM, ISCIII), Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Lorena Ramos-Perez
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM, ISCIII), Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Cristina Hernandez
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM, ISCIII), Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Rafael Simó
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM, ISCIII), Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - David M Selva
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM, ISCIII), Barcelona, 08035, Spain
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11
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Macis D, Bellerba F, Aristarco V, Johansson H, Guerrieri-Gonzaga A, Lazzeroni M, Sestak I, Cuzick J, DeCensi A, Bonanni B, Gandini S. A Mediation Analysis of Obesity and Adiponectin Association with Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk: A Nested Cohort Study in the International Breast Cancer Intervention Study II (IBIS-II) Prevention Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:2098. [PMID: 38999846 PMCID: PMC11242930 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer (BC), and evidence suggests a role for adiponectin in the relationship between obesity and BC. We investigated whether adiponectin or other biomarkers mediate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on postmenopausal BC risk in a cohort study nested in the IBIS-II Prevention Trial. We measured adiponectin, leptin, IGF-I, IGFBP-1, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, glycemia, insulin, HOMA-IR index, and SHBG in baseline and 12-month serum samples from 123 cases and 302 matched controls in the placebo arm of the IBIS-II Prevention trial. We conducted the main mediation analysis considering baseline BMI as an exposure and the 12-month adiponectin increase as a mediator after adjustment for the Tyrer-Cuzick score and the lipid-lowering medications/supplements use. In the multivariable Cox model, both the 12-month adiponectin increase (HR, 0.60; 95%CI, 0.36-1.00) and BMI were associated with BC risk (HR, 1.05; 95%CI, 1.00-1.09), with a 40% reduction in women with a 12-month increase in adiponectin. A significantly higher cumulative hazard of BC events was observed in obese women (BMI > 30) with decreased adiponectin (p = 0.0087). No mediating effect of the adiponectin increase on the total effect of BMI on BC risk was observed (natural indirect effect: HR, 1.00; 95%CI, 0.98-1.02). Raising adiponectin levels might be an attractive target for postmenopausal BC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Macis
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 20141 Milan, Italy; (V.A.); (H.J.); (A.G.-G.); (M.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Federica Bellerba
- Molecular and Pharmaco-Epidemiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 20139 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Valentina Aristarco
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 20141 Milan, Italy; (V.A.); (H.J.); (A.G.-G.); (M.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Harriet Johansson
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 20141 Milan, Italy; (V.A.); (H.J.); (A.G.-G.); (M.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Aliana Guerrieri-Gonzaga
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 20141 Milan, Italy; (V.A.); (H.J.); (A.G.-G.); (M.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Matteo Lazzeroni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 20141 Milan, Italy; (V.A.); (H.J.); (A.G.-G.); (M.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Ivana Sestak
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (I.S.); (J.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Jack Cuzick
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (I.S.); (J.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Andrea DeCensi
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (I.S.); (J.C.); (A.D.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Ente Ospedaliero Galliera, 16128 Genoa, Italy
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 20141 Milan, Italy; (V.A.); (H.J.); (A.G.-G.); (M.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Sara Gandini
- Molecular and Pharmaco-Epidemiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 20139 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (S.G.)
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12
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Jain SK, Justin Margret J, Abrams SA, Levine SN, Bhusal K. The Impact of Vitamin D and L-Cysteine Co-Supplementation on Upregulating Glutathione and Vitamin D-Metabolizing Genes and in the Treatment of Circulating 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Deficiency. Nutrients 2024; 16:2004. [PMID: 38999752 PMCID: PMC11243476 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D receptors are expressed in many organs and tissues, which suggests that vitamin D (VD) affects physiological functions beyond its role in maintaining bone health. Deficiency or inadequacy of 25(OH)VD is widespread globally. Population studies demonstrate that a positive association exists between a high incidence of VD deficiency and a high incidence of chronic diseases, including dementia, diabetes, and heart disease. However, many subjects have difficulty achieving the required circulating levels of 25(OH)VD even after high-dose VD supplementation, and randomized controlled clinical trials have reported limited therapeutic success post-VD supplementation. Thus, there is a discordance between the benefits of VD supplementation and the prevention of chronic diseases in those with VD deficiency. Why this dissociation exists is currently under debate and is of significant public interest. This review discusses the downregulation of VD-metabolizing genes needed to convert consumed VD into 25(OH)VD to enable its metabolic action exhibited by subjects with metabolic syndrome, obesity, and other chronic diseases. Research findings indicate a positive correlation between the levels of 25(OH)VD and glutathione (GSH) in both healthy and diabetic individuals. Cell culture and animal experiments reveal a novel mechanism through which the status of GSH can positively impact the expression of VD metabolism genes. This review highlights that for better success, VD deficiency needs to be corrected at multiple levels: (i) VD supplements and/or VD-rich foods need to be consumed to provide adequate VD, and (ii) the body needs to be able to upregulate VD-metabolizing genes to convert VD into 25(OH)VD and then to 1,25(OH)2VD to enhance its metabolic action. This review outlines the association between 25(OH)VD deficiency/inadequacy and decreased GSH levels, highlighting the positive impact of combined VD+LC supplementation on upregulating GSH, VD-metabolizing genes, and VDR. These effects have the potential to enhance 25(OH)VD levels and its therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil K. Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA;
| | - Jeffrey Justin Margret
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA;
| | - Steven A. Abrams
- Department of Pediatrics and Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA;
| | - Steven N. Levine
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (S.N.L.); (K.B.)
| | - Kamal Bhusal
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (S.N.L.); (K.B.)
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13
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Wu X, Hu C, Wu T, Du X, Peng Z, Xue W, Chen Y, Dong L. Mendelian randomization evidence based on European ancestry for the causal effects of leukocyte telomere length on prostate cancer. Hum Genomics 2024; 18:56. [PMID: 38831447 PMCID: PMC11145789 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-024-00622-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several lines of evidence suggest that leukocyte telomere length (LTL) can affect the development of prostate cancer (PC). METHODS Here, we employed single nucleoside polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables (IVs) for LTL (n = 472,174) and conducted Mendelian randomization analysis to estimate their causal impact on PCs (79,148 patients/61,106 controls and 6311 patients/88,902 controls). RESULTS Every 1-s.d extension of LTL increased the risk of PCs by 34%. Additionally, the analysis of candidate mediators between LTL and PCs via two-step Mendelian randomization revealed that among the 23 candidates, Alzheimer's disease, liver iron content, sex hormone binding global levels, naive CD4-CD8-T cell% T cell, and circulating leptin levels played substantial mediating roles. There is no robust evidence to support the reverse causal relationship between LTL and the selected mediators of PCs. Adjusting for the former four mediators, rather than adjusting for circulating leptin levels, decreased the impact of LTL on PCs. CONCLUSION This study provides potential intervention measures for preventing LTL-induced PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Wu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Cong Hu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Tianyang Wu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xinxing Du
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zehong Peng
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Yonghui Chen
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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14
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Yeap BB, Marriott RJ, Dwivedi G, Adams RJ, Antonio L, Ballantyne CM, Bauer DC, Bhasin S, Biggs ML, Cawthon PM, Couper DJ, Dobs AS, Flicker L, Handelsman DJ, Hankey GJ, Hannemann A, Haring R, Hsu B, Martin SA, Matsumoto AM, Mellström D, Ohlsson C, O'Neill TW, Orwoll ES, Quartagno M, Shores MM, Steveling A, Tivesten Å, Travison TG, Vanderschueren D, Wittert GA, Wu FCW, Murray K. Associations of Testosterone and Related Hormones With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Men : Individual Participant Data Meta-analyses. Ann Intern Med 2024; 177:768-781. [PMID: 38739921 DOI: 10.7326/m23-2781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether circulating sex hormones modulate mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in aging men is controversial. PURPOSE To clarify associations of sex hormones with these outcomes. DATA SOURCES Systematic literature review to July 2019, with bridge searches to March 2024. STUDY SELECTION Prospective cohort studies of community-dwelling men with sex steroids measured using mass spectrometry and at least 5 years of follow-up. DATA EXTRACTION Independent variables were testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), luteinizing hormone (LH), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and estradiol concentrations. Primary outcomes were all-cause mortality, CVD death, and incident CVD events. Covariates included age, body mass index, marital status, alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, creatinine concentration, ratio of total to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lipid medication use. DATA SYNTHESIS Nine studies provided individual participant data (IPD) (255 830 participant-years). Eleven studies provided summary estimates (n = 24 109). Two-stage random-effects IPD meta-analyses found that men with baseline testosterone concentrations below 7.4 nmol/L (<213 ng/dL), LH concentrations above 10 IU/L, or estradiol concentrations below 5.1 pmol/L had higher all-cause mortality, and those with testosterone concentrations below 5.3 nmol/L (<153 ng/dL) had higher CVD mortality risk. Lower SHBG concentration was associated with lower all-cause mortality (median for quintile 1 [Q1] vs. Q5, 20.6 vs. 68.3 nmol/L; adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.85 [95% CI, 0.77 to 0.95]) and lower CVD mortality (adjusted HR, 0.81 [CI, 0.65 to 1.00]). Men with lower baseline DHT concentrations had higher risk for all-cause mortality (median for Q1 vs. Q5, 0.69 vs. 2.45 nmol/L; adjusted HR, 1.19 [CI, 1.08 to 1.30]) and CVD mortality (adjusted HR, 1.29 [CI, 1.03 to 1.61]), and risk also increased with DHT concentrations above 2.45 nmol/L. Men with DHT concentrations below 0.59 nmol/L had increased risk for incident CVD events. LIMITATIONS Observational study design, heterogeneity among studies, and imputation of missing data. CONCLUSION Men with low testosterone, high LH, or very low estradiol concentrations had increased all-cause mortality. SHBG concentration was positively associated and DHT concentration was nonlinearly associated with all-cause and CVD mortality. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE Medical Research Future Fund, Government of Western Australia, and Lawley Pharmaceuticals. (PROSPERO: CRD42019139668).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu B Yeap
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, and Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (B.B.Y.)
| | - Ross J Marriott
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (R.J.M., K.M.)
| | - Girish Dwivedi
- Medical School, University of Western Australia; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research; and Department of Cardiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (G.D.)
| | - Robert J Adams
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia (R.J.A.)
| | - Leen Antonio
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.A., D.V.)
| | | | - Douglas C Bauer
- General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (D.C.B.)
| | - Shalender Bhasin
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.B.)
| | - Mary L Biggs
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (M.L.B.)
| | - Peggy M Cawthon
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California (P.M.C.)
| | - David J Couper
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (D.J.C.)
| | - Adrian S Dobs
- School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (A.S.D.)
| | - Leon Flicker
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, and Western Australian Centre for Healthy Ageing, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (L.F.)
| | - David J Handelsman
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (D.J.H.)
| | - Graeme J Hankey
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, and Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (G.J.H.)
| | - Anke Hannemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany (A.H.)
| | - Robin Haring
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, and European University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Applied Public Health, Rostock, Germany (R.H.)
| | - Benjumin Hsu
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (B.H.)
| | - Sean A Martin
- Australian Institute of Family Studies, Southbank, Victoria, Australia (S.A.M.)
| | - Alvin M Matsumoto
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington (A.M.M.)
| | - Dan Mellström
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (D.M., C.O.)
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (D.M., C.O.)
| | - Terence W O'Neill
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, University of Manchester, and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (T.W.O.)
| | - Eric S Orwoll
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (E.S.O.)
| | - Matteo Quartagno
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.Q.)
| | - Molly M Shores
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (M.M.S.)
| | - Antje Steveling
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany (A.S.)
| | - Åsa Tivesten
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, and Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden (Å.T.)
| | - Thomas G Travison
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew Senior Life, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (T.G.T.)
| | - Dirk Vanderschueren
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.A., D.V.)
| | - Gary A Wittert
- Freemasons Centre for Men's Health and Wellbeing, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (G.A.W.)
| | - Frederick C W Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (F.C.W.W.)
| | - Kevin Murray
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (R.J.M., K.M.)
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15
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Sun W, Wang Y, Li C, Yao X, Wu X, He A, Zhao B, Huang X, Song H. Genetically predicted high serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels are associated with lower ischemic stroke risk: A sex-stratified Mendelian randomization study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107686. [PMID: 38522757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cross-sectional and cohort studies have found insufficient evidence of a causal relationship between sex hormone-binding globulin and ischemic stroke, only associations. Here, we performed a sex-stratified, bidirectional, two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to evaluate whether a causal relationship exists between sex hormone-binding globulin and ischemic stroke. METHODS Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with sex hormone-binding globulin and ischemic stroke were screened from genome-wide association studies summary data as instrumental variables to enable a bidirectional, two-sample Mendelian randomization study design. Inverse-variance weighted analysis was used as the main method to evaluate potential causality, and additional methods, including the weighted median and MR-Egger tests, were used to validate the Mendelian randomization results. Cochran's Q statistic, MR-Egger intercept test, and Mendelian Randomization-Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier global test were used as sensitivity analysis techniques to assure the reliability of the results. Multivariable analysis was used to show the robustness of the results with key theorized confounders. RESULTS Inverse-variance weighted analysis showed that genetically predicted higher serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels were associated with significantly decreased risk of ischemic stroke in males (odds radio = 0.934, 95 % confidence interval = 0.885-0.985, P = 0.012) and females (odds radio = 0.924, 95 % confidence interval = 0.868-0.983, P = 0.013). In an analysis of ischemic stroke subtypes, genetically predicted higher serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels were also associated with significantly decreased risk of small-vessel occlusion in both males (odds radio = 0.849, 95 % confidence interval = 0.759-0.949, P = 0.004) and females (odds radio = 0.829, 95 % confidence interval = 0.724-0.949, P = 0.006). The association remained in sensitivity analyses and multivariable analyses. The reverse analysis suggested an association between genetically predicted risk of cardioembolism and increased serum sex hormone-binding globulin in females (Beta = 0.029 nmol/L, Standard Error = 0.010, P = 0.003). CONCLUSION Our findings provide new insight into the etiology of ischemic stroke and suggest that modulating serum sex hormone-binding globulin may be a therapeutic strategy to protect against ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Cancan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xuefan Yao
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Aini He
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Benke Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xiaoqin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Haiqing Song
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
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16
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Albers FEM, Lou MWC, Dashti SG, Swain CTV, Rinaldi S, Viallon V, Karahalios A, Brown KA, Gunter MJ, Milne RL, English DR, Lynch BM. Sex-steroid hormones and risk of postmenopausal estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: a case-cohort analysis. Cancer Causes Control 2024; 35:921-933. [PMID: 38363402 PMCID: PMC11130059 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-024-01856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sex-steroid hormones are associated with postmenopausal breast cancer but potential confounding from other biological pathways is rarely considered. We estimated risk ratios for sex-steroid hormone biomarkers in relation to postmenopausal estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer, while accounting for biomarkers from insulin/insulin-like growth factor-signaling and inflammatory pathways. METHODS This analysis included 1208 women from a case-cohort study of postmenopausal breast cancer within the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. Weighted Poisson regression with a robust variance estimator was used to estimate risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of postmenopausal ER-positive breast cancer, per doubling plasma concentration of progesterone, estrogens, androgens, and sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Analyses included sociodemographic and lifestyle confounders, and other biomarkers identified as potential confounders. RESULTS Increased risks of postmenopausal ER-positive breast cancer were observed per doubling plasma concentration of progesterone (RR: 1.22, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.44), androstenedione (RR 1.20, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.45), dehydroepiandrosterone (RR: 1.15, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.34), total testosterone (RR: 1.11, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.29), free testosterone (RR: 1.12, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.28), estrone (RR 1.21, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.48), total estradiol (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.39) and free estradiol (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.41). A possible decreased risk was observed for SHBG (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.05). CONCLUSION Progesterone, estrogens and androgens likely increase postmenopausal ER-positive breast cancer risk, whereas SHBG may decrease risk. These findings strengthen the causal evidence surrounding the sex-hormone-driven nature of postmenopausal breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances E M Albers
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Council Victoria, Level 8, 200 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia
| | - Makayla W C Lou
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Council Victoria, Level 8, 200 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia
| | - S Ghazaleh Dashti
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher T V Swain
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Council Victoria, Level 8, 200 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, Melbourne School of Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sabina Rinaldi
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Vivian Viallon
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Amalia Karahalios
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kristy A Brown
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Roger L Milne
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Council Victoria, Level 8, 200 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dallas R English
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Council Victoria, Level 8, 200 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia
| | - Brigid M Lynch
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Council Victoria, Level 8, 200 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia.
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
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Tran C, Yeap BB, Ball J, Clayton-Chubb D, Hussain SM, Brodtmann A, Tonkin AM, Neumann JT, Schneider HG, Fitzgerald S, Woods RL, McNeil JJ. Testosterone and the risk of incident atrial fibrillation in older men: further analysis of the ASPREE study. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 72:102611. [PMID: 38707912 PMCID: PMC11067494 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A cardiovascular safety trial of testosterone in men with cardiovascular risk factors or disease found no difference in rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) or death but noted more atrial fibrillation (AF) events in testosterone-treated men. We investigated the relationship between endogenous testosterone concentrations with risk of developing AF in healthy older men. Methods Post-hoc analysis of 4570 male participants in the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) study. Men were aged ≥ 70 years, had no history of cardiovascular disease (including AF), thyroid disease, prostate cancer, dementia, or life-threatening illnesses. Risk of AF was modelled using Cox proportional hazards regression. Findings Median (IQR) age was 73.7 (71.6-77.1) years and median (IQR) follow-up 4.4 (3.3-5.5) years, during which 286 men developed AF (15.3 per 1000 participant-years). Baseline testosterone was higher in men who developed incident AF compared men who did not [17.0 (12.4-21.2) vs 15.7 (12.2-20.0) nmol/L]. There was a non-linear association of baseline testosterone with incident AF. The risk for AF was higher in men with testosterone in quintiles (Q) 4&5 (Q4:Q3, HR = 1.91; 95%CI = 1.29-2.83 and Q5:Q3HR = 1.98; 95%CI = 1.33-2.94). Results were similar after excluding men who experienced MACE or heart failure during follow-up. Interpretation Circulating testosterone concentrations within the high-normal range are independently associated with an increased risk of incident AF amongst healthy older men. This suggests that AF may be an adverse consequence of high-normal total testosterone concentrations. Funding National Institute on Aging and National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health; Australian Government (NHMRC, CSIRO); Monash University; and AlfredHealth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cammie Tran
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bu B. Yeap
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jocasta Ball
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Clayton-Chubb
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sultana Monira Hussain
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy Brodtmann
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew M. Tonkin
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Johannes T. Neumann
- University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg – Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lubeck, Germany
| | - Hans G. Schneider
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit Alfred Pathology Service Alfred Health Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharyn Fitzgerald
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn L. Woods
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John J. McNeil
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Sabag A, Patten RK, Moreno-Asso A, Colombo GE, Dafauce Bouzo X, Moran LJ, Harrison C, Kazemi M, Mousa A, Tay CT, Hirschberg AL, Redman LM, Teede HJ. Exercise in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome: A position statement from Exercise and Sport Science Australia. J Sci Med Sport 2024:S1440-2440(24)00208-1. [PMID: 38960811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrine condition amongst females of reproductive age, leading to lifelong cardiometabolic, reproductive, psychological, and dermatologic symptoms as well as a reduced quality of life. Lifestyle interventions, which can include structured exercise programmes delivered by appropriately trained exercise professionals such as clinical exercise physiologists, are considered first-line strategies in PCOS management due to their therapeutic effects on various health outcomes and quality of life. This position statement builds on the 2023 International Evidence-based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of PCOS and describes the role of the exercise professional in the context of the multidisciplinary care team which includes physicians and allied health professionals. This position statement aims to equip exercise professionals with a broad understanding of the pathophysiology of PCOS, how it is diagnosed and managed in clinical practice, and evidence- and consensus-based recommendations for physical activity and exercise in PCOS management. In line with the physical activity recommendations for the general public, individuals with PCOS should aim to undertake between 150 to 300min of moderate-intensity or 75 to 150min of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity per week, or an equivalent combination of both spread throughout the week. Additionally, muscle-strengthening activities on two non-consecutive days per week are recommended to maintain health and prevent weight gain. For further health benefits and to achieve modest weight loss, individuals with PCOS should aim for a minimum of 250min of moderate-intensity or 150min of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity per week, or an equivalent combination of both spread throughout the week, plus muscle-strengthening activities on two non-consecutive days per week. Adolescents with PCOS should aim for a minimum of 60min moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity each day, incorporating muscle- and bone-strengthening activities three times per week. Finally, exercise professionals should consider the significant psychological burden, including weight stigma, and the high prevalence of comorbidities amongst individuals with PCOS and take appropriate measures to deliver safe and efficacious exercise interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Sabag
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - Rhiannon K Patten
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Australia
| | - Alba Moreno-Asso
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Australia
| | - Giorgia E Colombo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Xela Dafauce Bouzo
- Centre for Health, Activity and Wellbeing Research (CAWR), School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, UK
| | - Lisa J Moran
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Australia
| | - Cheryce Harrison
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Australia
| | - Maryam Kazemi
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, USA
| | - Aya Mousa
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Australia
| | - Chau Tien Tay
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Australia
| | - Angelica Lindén Hirschberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Sweden; Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden
| | | | - Helena J Teede
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Australia
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Yang J, Zhou J, Liu H, Hao J, Hu S, Zhang P, Wu H, Gao Y, Tang W. Blood lipid levels mediating the effects of sex hormone-binding globulin on coronary heart disease: Mendelian randomization and mediation analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11993. [PMID: 38796576 PMCID: PMC11127952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62695-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Observational studies indicate that serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels are inversely correlated with blood lipid levels and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Given that dyslipidemia is an established risk factor for CHD, we aim to employ Mendelian randomization (MR) in conjunction with mediation analysis to confirm the mediating role of blood lipid levels in the association between SHBG and CHD. First, we assessed the causality between serum SHBG levels and five cardiovascular diseases using univariable MR. The results revealed causality between SHBG levels and reduced risk of CHD, myocardial infarction, as well as hypertension. Specifically, the most significant reduction was observed in CHD risk, with an odds ratio of 0.73 (95% CI 0.63-0.86) for each one-standard-deviation increase in SHBG. The summary-level data of serum SHBG levels and CHD are derived from a sex-specific genome-wide association study (GWAS) conducted by UK Biobank (sample size = 368,929) and a large-scale GWAS meta-analysis (60,801 cases and 123,504 controls), respectively. Subsequently, we further investigated the mediating role of blood lipid level in the association between SHBG and CHD. Mediation analysis clarified the mediation proportions for four mediators: high cholesterol (48%), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (25.1%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (18.5%), and triglycerides (44.3%). Summary-level data for each mediator were sourced from the UK Biobank and publicly available GWAS. The above results confirm negative causality between serum SHBG levels and the risk of CHD, myocardial infarction, and hypertension, with the causal effect on reducing CHD risk largely mediated by the improvement of blood lipid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Yang
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, 568 Zhongxing North Road, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiedong Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, 568 Zhongxing North Road, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hanxuan Liu
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinjin Hao
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Songqing Hu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haowei Wu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yefei Gao
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiliang Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, 568 Zhongxing North Road, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China.
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20
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van der Plaat DA, Lenoir A, Dharmage S, Potts J, Gómez Real F, Shaheen SO, Jarvis D, Minelli C, Leynaert B. Effects of testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin on lung function in males and females: a multivariable Mendelian Randomisation study. Thorax 2024; 79:564-572. [PMID: 38418196 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2023-220374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies suggest that total testosterone (TT) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) may have beneficial effects on lung function, but these findings might be spurious due to confounding and reverse causation. We addressed these limitations by using multivariable Mendelian randomisation (MVMR) to investigate the independent causal effects of TT and SHBG on lung function. METHODS We first identified genetic instruments by performing genome-wide association analyses of TT and SHBG in the large UK Biobank, separately in males and females. We then assessed the independent effects of TT and SHBG on forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC using one-sample MVMR. We addressed pleiotropy, which could bias MVMR, using several methods that account for it. We performed subgroup MVMR analyses by obesity, physical activity and menopausal status, and assessed associations between TT and SHBG with lung function decline. Finally, we compared the MVMR results with those of observational analyses in the UK Biobank. FINDINGS In the MVMR analyses, there was evidence of pleiotropy, but results were consistent when accounting for it. We found a strong beneficial effect of TT on FVC and FEV1 in both males and females, but a moderate detrimental effect of SHBG on FEV1 and FEV1/FVC in males only. Subgroup analyses suggested stronger effects of TT among obese and older males. The observational analyses, in line with previous studies, agreed with MRMV for TT, but not for SHBG. INTERPRETATION These findings suggest that testosterone improves lung function in males and females, while SHBG has an opposite independent effect in males.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra Lenoir
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Gesundheitsamt Fürstenfeldbruck, Fürstenfeldbruck, Switzerland
| | - Shyamali Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, The University of Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Potts
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Francisco Gómez Real
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Seif O Shaheen
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, London, UK
| | - Debbie Jarvis
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Cosetta Minelli
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bénédicte Leynaert
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Université Paris-Sud, Inserm, Équipe d'Épidémiologie Respiratoire Intégrative, CESP, INSERM, Villejuif, France
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21
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Qin T, Chu Y, Yao Y, Zhang C, Xu B, Song Q. Coffee intake reduced gout risk by decreasing urate and urea while increasing SHBG levels in plasma: a mediation Mendelian randomization study. Clin Rheumatol 2024; 43:1735-1743. [PMID: 38448745 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-024-06922-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the causal relationships between specific dietary habits and the risk of gout, while identifying the mediators involved in these associations. METHODS We initially assessed the causal effects of five dietary habits on gout by two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). Subsequently, we identified mediators from five plasma metabolites by two-step MR, including urate, urea, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), interleukin-18 (IL-18), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Next, we quantified the proportion of mediation effects by multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR). Last, we performed reverse MR analyses. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to enhance the robustness of our findings. RESULTS Only coffee intake demonstrated a significant negative casual effect on gout (inverse variance weighted: OR = 0.444, p = 0.049). In two-step MR, coffee intake decreased urate and urea while increased SHBG levels, but did not affect IL-18 and CRP levels. Besides, urate and urea showed positive causal effects while SHBG exhibited a negative impact on gout. In mediation analysis, urate, urea, and SHBG respectively mediated 53.60%, 16.43%, and 4.81% of the total causal effect of coffee intake on gout. The three mediators collectively mediated 27.45% of the total effect. Reverse MR analyses suggested no significant reverse causal effects. Sensitivity analyses supported the reliability of our causal inferences. CONCLUSION Coffee intake reduced gout risk by decreasing urate and urea while increasing SHBG levels in plasma. These findings accentuate the benefits of coffee intake for gout management. The mediators may provide a novel insight into potential therapeutic targets for gout prevention. Key Points • This study determines the causally protective effect of coffee intake on gout. • We reveal that coffee intake reduced the risk of gout by decreasing urate and urea while increasing SHBG levels in plasma. • Identifying specific mediators in the causal pathway from coffee intake to gout provides valuable information for clinical interventions of gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Qin
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yuxin Chu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yi Yao
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Qibin Song
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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22
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Sun X, Zhang H, Huang X, Yang D, Wu C, Liu H, Zhang L. Associations of glyphosate exposure and serum sex steroid hormones among 6-19-year-old children and adolescents. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 275:116266. [PMID: 38564862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Glyphosate, ranked as one of the most widely used herbicides in the world, has raised concerns about its potential disruptive effects on sex hormones. However, limited human evidence was available, especially for children and adolescents. The present study aimed to examine the associations between exposure to glyphosate and sex hormones among participants aged 6-19 years, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2013 and 2016. Children and adolescents who had available data on urinary glyphosate, serum sex steroid hormones, including testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and covariates were selected. Additionally, the ratio of TT to E2 (TT/E2) and the free androgen index (FAI), which was calculated using TT/SHBG, were also included as sex hormone indicators. Survey regression statistical modeling was used to examine the associations between urinary glyphosate concentration and sex hormone indicators by age and sex group. Among the 964 participants, 83.71% had been exposed to glyphosate (>lower limit of detection). The survey regression revealed a marginally negative association between urinary glyphosate and E2 in the overall population, while this association was more pronounced in adolescents with a significant trend. In further sex-stratified analyses among adolescents, a significant decrease in E2, FAI, and TT (p trend <0.05) was observed in female adolescents for the highest quartile of urinary glyphosate compared to the lowest quartile. However, no similar association was observed among male adolescents. Our findings suggest that exposure to glyphosate at the current level may decrease the levels of sex steroids in adolescents, particularly female adolescents. Considering the cross-sectional study design, further research is needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Sun
- Department of Environmental Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuansha Wu
- Department of Environmental Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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23
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Sakornyutthadej N, Mahachoklertwattana P, Wankanit S, Poomthavorn P. Peak serum luteinising hormone cut-off during gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue test for diagnosing central precocious puberty was lower in girls with obesity as compared with girls with normal weight. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2024; 100:368-378. [PMID: 38300440 DOI: 10.1111/cen.15026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serum luteinising hormone (LH) concentration has been reported to be lower in girls with overweight and obesity (OW/OB) as compared with girls with normal weight (NW). This study aimed to evaluate peak serum LH concentration during gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) test in girls with OW/OB and NW who had central precocious puberty (CPP) and to determine peak serum LH cut-off for diagnosing CPP in girls with OW/OB. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS Medical records of 971 girls with premature breast development who underwent subcutaneous GnRHa (100 µg of triptorelin acetate) test were reviewed. All girls were classified as either CPP or premature thelarche. All of them were further classified into two groups according to their body mass index as NW and OW/OB groups for each Tanner stage. RESULTS There were 634 and 337 girls in NW and OW/OB groups, respectively. CPP was diagnosed in 600 girls (249 had Tanner stage II and 351 had Tanner stage III). There were no differences in peak serum LH concentrations between CPP girls with NW and OW/OB. Peak serum LH cut-off of 5 IU/L (the current widely used cut-off) had a sensitivity and a specificity of 75% and 90%, respectively in NW group. Peak serum LH cut-off for CPP diagnosis was lower at 4 IU/L in the OW/OB group with greater sensitivity and specificity of 86% and 93%, respectively. The results were reproducible for each Tanner stage of breasts. CONCLUSION Lower peak serum LH cut-off to 4 IU/L for diagnosing CPP in girls with OW/OB should be considered to avoid underdiagnosis of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natee Sakornyutthadej
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pat Mahachoklertwattana
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somboon Wankanit
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Preamrudee Poomthavorn
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Qi R, Liang Y, Yu J, Chen B, Jiang J, Wu X, Lu W, Li Z. Liraglutide improved the reproductive function of obese mice by upregulating the testicular AC3/cAMP/PKA pathway. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2024; 22:31. [PMID: 38509558 PMCID: PMC10953080 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-024-01202-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of male reproductive dysfunction is increasing annually, and many studies have shown that obesity can cause severe harm to male reproductive function. The mechanism of male reproductive dysfunction caused by obesity is unclear, and there is no ideal treatment. Identification of effective therapeutic drugs and elucidation of the molecular mechanism involved in male reproductive health are meaningful. In this study, we investigated the effects of the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide on sex hormones, semen quality, and testicular AC3/cAMP/PKA levels in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. METHODS Obese mice and their lean littermates were treated with liraglutide or saline for 12 weeks. Body weight was measured weekly. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was measured using a blood glucose test strip. The serum levels of insulin (INS), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (T), free testosterone (F-TESTO), estradiol (E2), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were detected using ELISA. The sperm morphology and sperm count were observed after Pap staining. The mRNA and protein expression levels of testicular GLP-1R and AC3 were measured by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively. Testicular cAMP levels and PKA activity were detected using ELISA. RESULTS Liraglutide treatment can decrease body weight, FBG, INS, HOMA-IR, E2 and SHBG levels; increase LH, FSH, T, and F-TESTO levels; increase sperm count; decrease the sperm abnormality rate; and increase GLP-1R and AC3 expression levels and cAMP levels and PKA activity in testicular tissue. CONCLUSIONS Liraglutide can improve the sex hormone levels and semen quality of obese male mice. In addition to its weight loss effect, liraglutide can improve the reproductive function of obese male mice, which may also be related to the upregulation of AC3/cAMP/PKA pathway in the testis. This work lays the groundwork for future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibing Qi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530199, China
| | - Yuzhen Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530199, China
| | - Jiaqin Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xingye Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Wensheng Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Zhengming Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China.
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Gabriel-Medina P, Ferrer-Costa R, Rodriguez-Frias F, Comas M, Vilallonga R, Ciudin A, Selva DM. Plasma SHBG Levels as an Early Predictor of Response to Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg 2024; 34:760-768. [PMID: 38183592 PMCID: PMC10899416 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06981-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a growing global health problem, and currently, bariatric surgery (BS) is the best solution in terms of sustained total weight loss (TWL). However, a significant number of patients present weight regain (WR) in time. There is a lack of biomarkers predicting the response to BS and WR during the follow-up. Plasma SHBG levels, which are low in obesity, increase 1 month after BS but there is no data of plasma SHBG levels at long term. We performed the present study aimed at exploring the SHBG role in predicting TWL and WR after BS. METHODS Prospective study including 62 patients with obesity undergoing BS. Anthropometric and biochemical variables, including SHBG were analyzed at baseline, 1, 6, 12, and 24 months; TWL ≥ 25% was considered as good BS response. RESULTS Weight loss nadir was achieved at 12 months post-BS where maximum SHBG increase was reached. Greater than or equal to 25% TWL patients presented significantly higher SHBG increases at the first and sixth months of follow-up with respect to baseline (100% and 150% respectively, p = 0.025), than < 25% TWL patients (40% and 50% respectively, p = 0.03). Also, these presented 6.6% WR after 24 months. The first month SHBG increase predicted BS response at 24 months (OR = 2.71; 95%CI = [1.11-6.60]; p = 0.028) and TWL in the 12th month (r = 0.330, p = 0.012) and the WR in the 24th (r = - 0.301, p = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed for the first time that increase in plasma SHBG levels within the first month after BS is a good predictor of TWL and WR response after 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gabriel-Medina
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemical Chemistry, Drug Delivery & Therapy (BC-DDT) Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Ferrer-Costa
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemical Chemistry, Drug Delivery & Therapy (BC-DDT) Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Rodriguez-Frias
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemical Chemistry, Drug Delivery & Therapy (BC-DDT) Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Comas
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Pg Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Vilallonga
- Endocrine, Metabolic and Bariatric Unit, Center of Excellence for the EAC-BC, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Ciudin
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Pg Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Pg Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - D M Selva
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Pg Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Waller C, Ho A, Batzler A, Geske J, Karpyak V, Biernacka J, Winham S. Genetic correlations of alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder with sex hormone levels in females and males. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3944066. [PMID: 38464231 PMCID: PMC10925434 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3944066/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Alcohol consumption behaviors and alcohol use disorder risk and presentation differ by sex, and these complex traits are associated with blood concentrations of the steroid sex hormones, testosterone and estradiol, and their regulatory binding proteins, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and albumin. Genetic variation is associated with alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder, as well as levels of steroid sex hormones and their binding proteins. Methods To assess the contribution of genetic factors to previously described phenotypic associations between alcohol-use traits and sex-hormone levels, we estimated genetic correlations (rg) using summary statistics from prior published, large sample size genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of alcohol consumption, alcohol dependence, testosterone, estradiol, SHBG, and albumin. Results For alcohol consumption, we observed positive genetic correlation (i.e. genetic effects in the same direction) with total testosterone in males (rg = 0.084, p = 0.007) and trends toward positive genetic correlation with bioavailable testosterone (rg = 0.060, p = 0.084) and SHBG in males (rg = 0.056, p = 0.086) and with albumin in a sex-combined cohort (rg = 0.082, p = 0.015); however in females, we observed positive genetic correlation with SHBG (rg = 0.089, p = 0.004) and a trend toward negative genetic correlation (i.e. genetic effects in opposite directions) with bioavailable testosterone (rg = -0.064, p = 0.032). For alcohol dependence, we observed a trend toward negative genetic correlation with total testosterone in females (rg = -0.106, p = 0.024) and positive genetic correlation with BMI-adjusted SHBG in males (rg = 0.119, p = 0.017). Several of these genetic correlations differed between females and males and were not in the same direction as the corresponding phenotypic associations. Conclusions Findings suggest that shared genetic effects may contribute to positive associations of alcohol consumption with albumin in both sexes, as well as positive associations between alcohol consumption and bioavailable testosterone and between alcohol dependence and SHBG in males. However, relative contributions of heritable and environmental factors to associations between alcohol-use traits and sex-hormone levels may differ by sex, with genetic factors contributing more in males and environmental factors contributing more in females.
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Zhao S, Gu J, Tian Y, Wang R, Li W. Low levels of sex hormone-binding globulin predict an increased breast cancer risk and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Open Life Sci 2024; 19:20220822. [PMID: 38465341 PMCID: PMC10921478 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a serum glycoprotein exhibiting the unique feature of binding sex steroids with high affinity and specificity. Over the past few decades, there have been significant breakthroughs in our understanding of the function and regulation of SHBG. The biological role of SHBG has expanded from being considered a simple sex hormone transporter to being associated with several complex physiological and pathological changes in a variety of target tissues. Many factors can affect the plasma SHBG levels, with fluctuations in circulating levels affecting the development of various diseases, such as increasing the risk of developing breast cancer. This article reviews the clinical significance of changes in circulating SHBG levels in the development of breast cancer and the possible influence of these levels on endocrine drug resistance in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Higher levels of plasma SHBG significantly reduce the risk of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, especially in postmenopausal women. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms by which SHBG affects breast cancer risk are also summarized in detail. Finally, transcriptomics and proteomics data revealed that SHBG expression in breast tissue can effectively distinguish breast cancer from normal tissue. Additionally, the association between SHBG expression levels and various classical tumor-related pathways was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhang Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital (Henan Provincial People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Jiaojiao Gu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital (Henan Provincial People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital (Henan Provincial People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Ruoyan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wentao Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital (Henan Provincial People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, 450003, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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28
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Laru J, Pinola P, Ojaniemi M, Korhonen E, Laikari L, Franks S, Piltonen TT, Tapanainen JS, Niinimäki M, Morin-Papunen L. Low testosterone at age 31 associates with maternal obesity and higher body mass index from childhood until age 46: A birth cohort study. Andrology 2024; 12:327-337. [PMID: 37424437 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low testosterone (T) levels in men associate with increased risks of obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases. However, most studies are cross-sectional with follow-up-time < 10 years, and data on early growth are limited. OBJECTIVE To compare prenatal factors and body mass index (BMI) development from birth to age 46 in relation to low T at age 31. MATERIALS AND METHODS Men with low T (T < 12.1 nmol/L, n = 132) and men with normal T at age 31 (n = 2561) were derived from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Prenatal factors, longitudinal weight and height data from birth to age 14, and cross-sectional weight and height data at ages 31 and 46, and waist-hip-ratio (WHR) and T levels at age 31 were analyzed. Longitudinal modeling and timing of adiposity rebound (AR, second BMI rise at age 5-7 years) were calculated from fitted BMI curves. Results were adjusted for mother's pre-pregnancy BMI and smoking status, birth weight for gestational age, alcohol consumption, education level, smoking status, and WHR at age 31. RESULTS Neither gestational age nor birth weight was associated with low T at age 31; however, maternal obesity during gestation was more prevalent among men with low T (9.8% vs. 3.5%, adjusted aOR: 2.43 [1.19-4.98]). Men with low T had earlier AR (5.28 vs. 5.82, aOR: 0.73 [0.56-0.94]) and higher BMI (p < 0.001) from AR onward until age 46. Men with both early AR and low T had the highest BMI from AR onward. CONCLUSIONS In men, maternal obesity and early weight gain associate with lower T levels at age 31, independently of adulthood abdominal obesity. Given the well-known health risks related to obesity, and the rising prevalence of maternal obesity, the results of the present study emphasize the importance of preventing obesity that may also affect the later reproductive health of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Laru
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pekka Pinola
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marja Ojaniemi
- Medical Research Center, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Elisa Korhonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lotta Laikari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephen Franks
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Terhi T Piltonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha S Tapanainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, HFR - Cantonal Hospital of Fribourg and University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Maarit Niinimäki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Laure Morin-Papunen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Johansson H, Guerrieri-Gonzaga A, Gandini S, Bertelsen BE, Macis D, Serrano D, Mellgren G, Lazzeroni M, Thomas PS, Crew KD, Kumar NB, Briata IM, Galimberti V, Viale G, Vornik LA, Aristarco V, Buttiron Webber T, Spinaci S, Brown PH, Heckman-Stoddard BM, Szabo E, Bonanni B, DeCensi A. Alternative dosing regimen of exemestane in a randomized presurgical trial: the role of obesity in biomarker modulation. NPJ Breast Cancer 2024; 10:7. [PMID: 38238336 PMCID: PMC10796398 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-024-00616-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In a 3-arm presurgical trial, four-six weeks exemestane 25 mg three times/week (TIW) was non-inferior to 25 mg/day (QD) in suppressing circulating estradiol in postmenopausal women with ER-positive breast cancer. Since obesity may decrease exemestane efficacy, we analyzed changes in sex steroids, adipokines, Ki-67, and drug levels in relation to obesity. Postmenopausal women with early-stage ER-positive breast cancer were randomized to either exemestane 25 mg QD (n = 57), 25 mg TIW (n = 57), or 25 mg/week (QW, n = 62) for 4-6 weeks before breast surgery. Serum and tissue pre- and post-treatment biomarkers were stratified by body mass index (BMI)< or ≥30 kg/m2. Post-treatment median exemestane and 17-OH exemestane levels were 5-6 times higher in the QD arm compared to the TIW arm. For obese women, TIW maintained comparable reductions to QD in systemic estradiol levels, although the reduction in estrone was less with the TIW regimen. There was less suppression of SHBG with the TIW versus the QD dose schedule in obese women which should result in less systemic bioavailable estrogens. Metabolically, the effect of the TIW regimen was similar to the QD regimen for obese women in terms of leptin suppression and increase in the adiponectin-leptin ratio. Reduction in tissue Ki-67 was less for obese women on the TIW regimen than QD, although changes were similar for non-obese women. Our findings suggest that TIW exemestane should be explored further for primary cancer prevention in both normal weight and obese cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara Gandini
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Bjørn-Erik Bertelsen
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Debora Macis
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Nagi B Kumar
- Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lana A Vornik
- University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Powel H Brown
- University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Eva Szabo
- Division of Cancer Prevention, NCI Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Andrea DeCensi
- E.O. Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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30
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Xu B, Mo W, Tan X, Zhang P, Huang J, Huang C, Guo D, Wei X, Liu Y, Lei X, Dou W, Lin J, Liu D, Yang L, Huang Y, Zhang H, Liao Y. Associations of Serum Testosterone and Sex Hormone-binding Globulin With Incident Arrhythmias in Men From UK Biobank. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e745-e756. [PMID: 37665960 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sex hormones have been identified as cardiovascular risk factors, whereas the relationship between sex hormones and the risk of arrhythmias in men has not yet been well studied in the prospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE To analyze associations of serum testosterone and SHBG concentrations and calculate free testosterone (cFT) with arrhythmias in men. METHODS Sex hormones were measured at baseline from UK Biobank. Main outcomes were incidence of atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF), ventricular arrhythmia (VA), and bradyarrhythmia (BA). RESULTS Of 173 498 men (aged 37-73 years, followed for 11 years), 11 368 had incident AF, 1646 had incident VA, and 4788 had incident BA. Compared with the third quartiles, the lowest category of serum testosterone was associated with increased risks of AF (hazard ratio [HR], 1.06; 95% CI, 1.00-1.12) and BA (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02-1.20) after multivariable adjustment, but no VA. Likewise, similar associations were found between cFT values and AF and BA events. Furthermore, higher levels of cFT were associated with increased risks of AF (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.13) and VA (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.01-1.37). Higher SHBG concentrations were associated with increased risks of AF (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.34-1.54), VA (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.07-1.52), and BA (HR, 1.17; 95% CI ,1.05-1.29). CONCLUSIONS Lower levels of testosterone and cFT were associated with increased risk of AF and BA. Higher cFT levels were associated with increased risk of AF and VA. Higher SHBG levels were associated with increased risk of AF, VA, and BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wei Mo
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Xiangliang Tan
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Peizhen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Junlin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chensihan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Dan Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xueyun Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yating Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xuzhen Lei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Weijuan Dou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiayang Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Deying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Linjie Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yunfei Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Li Y, Zheng Z, Luo D, Liu C, Yang S, Chen Y, Hu Q, Lu W, Wang Y, Mei S. Reproductive hormones, organophosphate esters and semen quality: Exploring associations and mediation effects among men from an infertility clinic. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117458. [PMID: 37884071 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that organophosphate esters (OPEs) exposure may affect semen quality. As a crucial factor in male reproduction, reproductive hormones might be linked organophosphate esters (OPEs) exposure and semen quality. This study aimed to explore the mediating role of reproductive hormones on the association between OPEs exposure and semen quality. Five serum reproductive hormones, semen quality, and 16 urinary OPE metabolites were measured among 491 reproductive-aged men from a reproductive center. The associations of urinary OPE metabolites with reproductive hormones and semen quality were assessed using multivariable linear regression models, and the mediating role of reproductive hormones was evaluated by mediation analyses. We found that follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was positively associated with diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) that in turn was negatively associated with sperm total count. In addition, inverse associations were exhibited between serum FSH and sperm concentration, sperm total count, total motility, and progressive motility (all Ptrend <0.05). Mediation analysis further showed that FSH mediated 13.7% of the inverse association of DPHP and sperm total count. Although further investigations are required, our results suggest that FSH was an intermediate mechanism in the associations between OPEs exposure and impaired semen quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Zhiyi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Chong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Sijie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yingjun Chen
- Southern Medical University Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Wenqing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Rd, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.
| | - Surong Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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Niu Z, Duan L, Du Y, Yu F, Chen R, Li Z, Ba Y, Zhou G. Effect of zinc intake on association between fluoride exposure and abnormal sex steroid hormones among US pubertal males: NHANES, 2013-2016. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:2759-2772. [PMID: 38063965 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Excessive fluoride exposure can disturb the balance of sex hormones. Zinc is essential for sex hormone synthesis and spermatogenesis. But it is not clear how zinc affects the relationship of fluoride exposure with abnormal sex steroid hormones. Here, a total of 1008 pubertal males from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in two cycles (2013-2014, 2015-2016) were enrolled. The concentrations of water fluoride and plasma fluoride and the levels of serum testosterone, estradiol, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were measured. Two 24-h dietary recall interviews were conducted to assess the dietary zinc intake. The relationships of fluoride exposure and zinc intake with sex hormones were examined using linear regression and logistic regression models, while the generalized additive model was used to evaluate their non-linear relationship. Our findings revealed that for every two-fold increase in plasma fluoride concentration, testosterone levels decreased by 7.27% (95% CI - 11.49%, - 2.86%) and estradiol levels decreased by 8.73% (95% CI - 13.61%, - 3.57%). There was also significant non-linear association observed between zinc intake and SHBG levels. Being in the first tertile of plasma fluoride had a 60% lower risk of high SHBG (OR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.18, 0.89) compared with being in the second tertile. When compared to the first tertile, being in the second tertile of zinc intake was associated with a 63% (OR = 0.37, 95% CI 0.14, 0.98) lower risk of high SHBG. Furthermore, we observed an interactive effect between the plasma fluoride and zinc intake on estradiol and SHBG, as well as the risk of high SHBG (P-interaction < 0.10). These findings suggest that fluoride exposure and zinc intake can affect sex steroid hormone levels and the risk of high SHBG. Notably, zinc intake may alleviate the increased risk of high SHBG and the abnormal changes of estradiol and SHBG caused by higher fluoride exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Niu
- Department of Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Leizhen Duan
- Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Du
- Department of Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Yu
- Department of Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqin Chen
- Jinshui District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Department of Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Ba
- Department of Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
- Yellow River Institute for Ecological Protection & Regional Coordinated Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyu Zhou
- Department of Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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Bourebaba L, Kępska M, Qasem B, Zyzak M, Łyczko J, Klemens M, Mularczyk M, Marycz K. Sex hormone-binding globulin improves lipid metabolism and reduces inflammation in subcutaneous adipose tissue of metabolic syndrome-affected horses. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1214961. [PMID: 38146533 PMCID: PMC10749534 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1214961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) is a steadily growing endocrine disorder representing a real challenge in veterinary practice. As a multifactorial condition, EMS is characterized by three main metabolic abnormalities including insulin resistance, increased adiposity or obesity and hoof laminitis. Adipose tissue dysfunction is recognized as a core pathophysiological determinant of EMS, as it strongly participates to lipotoxicity and systemic metaflammation, both of which have been closely linked to the development of generalized insulin resistance. Besides, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is an important sex steroids transporters that has been recently proposed as an important metabolic mediator. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify whether SHBG treatment may ameliorate subcutaneous adipose tissue metabolic failure under EMS condition in terms of lipidome homeostasis, lipid metabolism programs, insulin signalling and local inflammation. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) biopsies were collected post-mortem from healthy (n = 3) and EMS (n = 3) slaughtered horses. SHBG protein has been applied to SAT samples from EMS horses for 24 h at a final concentration of 50 nM, while control groups (healthy and untreated EMS) were cultured in the presence of SHBG-vehicle only. Tissues from all groups were afterwards secured for downstream analysis of gene expression using RT-qPCR, protein levels by Western blot and ELISA assay and lipidomics through GC-MS technique. Obtained results showcased that SHBG intervention efficiently normalized the altered fatty acids (FAs) profiles by lowering the accumulation of saturated and trans FAs, as well as the pro-inflammatory arachidonic and linoleic acids. Moreover, SHBG showed promising value for the regulation of adipocyte lipolysis and engorgement by lowering the levels of perilipin-1. SHBG exerted moderated effect toward SCD1 and FASN enzymes expression, but increased the LPL abundance. Interestingly, SHBG exhibited a negative regulatory effect on pro-adipogenic stimulators and induced higher expression of KLF3, IRF3 and β-catenin, known as strong adipogenesis repressors. Finally, SHBG protein showed remarkable ability in restoring the insulin signal transduction, IR/IRS/Pi3K/AKT phosphorylation events and GLUT4 transporter abundance, and further attenuate pro-inflammatory response by lowering IL-6 tissue levels and targeting the PDIA3/ERK axis. Overall, the obtained data clearly demonstrate the benefice of SHBG treatment in the regulation of adipose tissue metabolism in the course of EMS and provide new insights for the development of molecular therapies with potential translational application to human metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Bourebaba
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Martyna Kępska
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Badr Qasem
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zyzak
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jacek Łyczko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Klemens
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Malwina Mularczyk
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Wisznia Mała, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Wisznia Mała, Poland
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Nogal B, Vinogradova S, Jorge M, Torkamani A, Fabian P, Blander G. Dose response of running on blood biomarkers of wellness in generally healthy individuals. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293631. [PMID: 37967046 PMCID: PMC10651037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise is effective toward delaying or preventing chronic disease, with a large body of evidence supporting its effectiveness. However, less is known about the specific healthspan-promoting effects of exercise on blood biomarkers in the disease-free population. In this work, we examine 23,237 generally healthy individuals who self-report varying weekly running volumes and compare them to 4,428 generally healthy sedentary individuals, as well as 82 professional endurance runners. We estimate the significance of differences among blood biomarkers for groups of increasing running levels using analysis of variance (ANOVA), adjusting for age, gender, and BMI. We attempt and add insight to our observational dataset analysis via two-sample Mendelian randomization (2S-MR) using large independent datasets. We find that self-reported running volume associates with biomarker signatures of improved wellness, with some serum markers apparently being principally modified by BMI, whereas others show a dose-effect with respect to running volume. We further detect hints of sexually dimorphic serum responses in oxygen transport and hormonal traits, and we also observe a tendency toward pronounced modifications in magnesium status in professional endurance athletes. Thus, our results further characterize blood biomarkers of exercise and metabolic health, particularly regarding dose-effect relationships, and better inform personalized advice for training and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartek Nogal
- InsideTracker, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Milena Jorge
- InsideTracker, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ali Torkamani
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Paul Fabian
- InsideTracker, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gil Blander
- InsideTracker, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Wang S, Wang Y, Bai M, Peng Y, Zhou D, Lei P, Zhou B, Zhang P, Zhang Z. Causal inference of sex hormone-binding globulin on venous thromboembolism: evidence from Mendelian randomisation. Thromb J 2023; 21:109. [PMID: 37880771 PMCID: PMC10599068 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-023-00553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous cohort studies have shown that exogenous sex hormone use, such as testosterone replacement therapy and oestrogen-containing contraceptives, can increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, the relationship between endogenous sex hormone levels and VTE remains unclear. The goal of the present study was to explore the causal roles of endogenous sex hormones, including hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), bioactive testosterone (BT), and total testosterone (TT), in VTE and its two subgroups, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). METHODS We used a genome-wide association study of sex hormones as exposure data and Finnish VTE data as the outcome. Inverse variance weighting, MR-Egger, and weighted median were used for two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR). Sensitivity analyses included MR-Egger, MR-PRESSO, Cochrane Q test, MR Steiger, leave-one-out analysis, and funnel plot, combined with multivariate MR and replicated MR analyses using larger VTE data from the global biobank meta-analysis initiative. Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) was used to determine genetic associations and estimate sample overlap. RESULTS Our findings genetically predicted that an increase in serum SHBG levels by one standard deviation (SD) caused 25% higher odds for VTE (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.01-1.55) and 58% higher odds for PE (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.20-2.08). LDSC supported the genetic correlation between these two traits and replicated analyses confirm SHBG's genetic effect on VTE in both sexes (OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.20-1.78) and in females (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.17-1.91). In addition, an increase in serum TT levels by one SD caused 32% higher odds for VTE (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.08-1.62) and 31% higher odds for DVT (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.01-1.69); however, LDSC and replicated analyses did not find a genetic correlation between TT and VTE or its subtypes. No significant correlation was observed between BT and all three outcome traits. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that elevated serum SHBG levels, as predicted by genetics, increase VTE risk. However, the causal effect of testosterone levels on VTE requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Heart Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Heart Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ming Bai
- The First Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Heart Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Heart Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Peng Lei
- The First Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Heart Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Binpeng Zhou
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Piyi Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
- Heart Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
- Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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Albers FE, Lou MW, Dashti SG, Swain CT, Rinaldi S, Viallon V, Karahalios A, Brown KA, Gunter MJ, Milne RL, English DR, Lynch BM. Sex-steroid hormones and risk of postmenopausal estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: a case-cohort analysis. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3406466. [PMID: 37886482 PMCID: PMC10602098 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3406466/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Sex-steroid hormones are associated with postmenopausal breast cancer but potential confounding from other biological pathways is rarely considered. We estimated risk ratios for sex-steroid hormone biomarkers in relation to postmenopausal estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer, while accounting for biomarkers from insulin/insulin-like growth factor-signaling and inflammatory pathways. Methods This analysis included 1,208 women from a case-cohort study of postmenopausal breast cancer within the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. Weighted Poisson regression with a robust variance estimator was used to estimate risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of postmenopausal ER-positive breast cancer, per doubling plasma concentration of progesterone, estrogens, androgens, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Analyses included sociodemographic and lifestyle confounders, and other biomarkers identified as potential confounders. Results Increased risks of postmenopausal ER-positive breast cancer were observed per doubling plasma concentration of progesterone (RR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.44), androstenedione (RR: 1.20, 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.45), dehydroepiandrosterone (RR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.34), total testosterone (RR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.96 to 1.29), free testosterone (RR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.28), estrone (RR: 1.21, 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.48), total estradiol (RR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.39) and free estradiol (RR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.41). A possible decreased risk was observed for SHBG (RR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.66 to 1.05). Conclusion Progesterone, estrogens and androgens likely increase postmenopausal ER-positive breast cancer risk, whereas SHBG may decrease risk. These findings strengthen the causal evidence surrounding the sex hormone-driven nature of postmenopausal breast cancer.
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Bourebaba L, Zyzak M, Sikora M, Serwotka-Suszczak A, Mularczyk M, Al Naem M, Marycz K. Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) Maintains Proper Equine Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells (ASCs)' Metabolic Functions and Negatively Regulates their Basal Adipogenic Potential. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2251-2273. [PMID: 37402098 PMCID: PMC10579166 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10580-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) deteriorated expression has been recently strongly correlated to increased level of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and insulin resistance, which are typical manifestations of equine metabolic syndrome (EMS). Despite previous reports demonstrated the potential therapeutic application of SHBG for liver-related dysfunctions, whether SHBG might modulate equine adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (EqASCs) metabolic machinery remains unknown. Therefore, we evaluated for the first time the impact of SHBG protein on metabolic changes in ASCs isolated from healthy horses. METHODS Beforehand, SHBG protein expression has been experimentally lowered using a predesigned siRNA in EqASCs to verify its metabolic implications and potential therapeutic value. Then, apoptosis profile, oxidative stress, mitochondrial network dynamics and basal adipogenic potential have been evaluated using various molecular and analytical techniques. RESULTS The SHBG knockdown altered the proliferative and metabolic activity of EqASCs, while dampening basal apoptosis via Bax transcript suppression. Furthermore, the cells treated with siRNA were characterized by senescent phenotype, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide, as well as decreased mitochondrial potential that was shown by mitochondrial membrane depolarization and lower expression of key mitophagy factors: PINK, PARKIN and MFN. The addition of SHBG protein reversed the impaired and senescent phenotype of EMS-like cells that was proven by enhanced proliferative activity, reduced apoptosis resistance, lower ROS accumulation and greater mitochondrial dynamics, which is proposed to be related to a normalization of Bax expression. Crucially, SHBG silencing enhanced the expression of key pro-adipogenic effectors, while decreased the abundance of anti-adipogenic factors namely HIF1-α and FABP4. The addition of exogenous SHBG further depleted the expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα and restored the levels of FABP4 and HIF1-α evoking a strong inhibitory potential toward ASCs adipogenesis. CONCLUSION Herein, we provide for the first time the evidence that SHBG protein in importantly involved in various key metabolic pathways governing EqASCs functions, and more importantly we showed that SHBG negatively affect the basal adipogenic potential of tested ASCs through a FABP4-dependant pathway, and provide thus new insights for the development of potential anti-obesity therapeutic approach in both animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Bourebaba
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zyzak
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Sikora
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Serwotka-Suszczak
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Malwina Mularczyk
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mohamad Al Naem
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic - Equine Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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Akkaliyev M, Aukenov N, Massabayeva M, Apsalikov B, Rakhyzhanova S, Kuderbaev M. Genetic regulation of testosterone level in overweight males from the Kazakh population and its association with hypogonadism. J Med Life 2023; 16:1343-1349. [PMID: 38107722 PMCID: PMC10719783 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2022-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Male hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction in different populations are associated with excess body weight. A key aspect in most studies is the metabolism of sexual hormones, primarily testosterone. At the same time, the binding protein sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) can play a large role, as it determines the ratio of total and bioavailable testosterone in blood, i.e. both the hormone content and level of its production. Recent research has identified common mutations that affect SHBG levels, such as the rs727428 polymorphic locus, which is associated with alterations in histone protein function, affecting the regulation of ribonucleic acid (RNA) protein SHBG synthesis. Similar relationships have been observed for prevalent mutations, including rs5934505 and rs10822184, in diverse populations. This study involved 300 individuals of Kazakh nationality from the Eastern Kazakhstan region, examining three polymorphic variants of the SHBG gene (rs727428, rs5934505, and rs10822184). The participants were categorized into three groups: individuals with hypogonadism and obesity (group 1, n=85), those with excess body weight but no hypogonadism (group 2, n=70), and individuals with neither excess body weight nor hypogonadism (group 3, n=145). The frequency of mutant gene alleles impacting GPS (SHBG) synthesis in the Kazakh population was notably high, comparable to European and South-East Asian populations. However, the association between excess body weight and these mutations exhibited varying patterns. Hypogonadism was linked to decreased GPS levels, strongly correlating with total testosterone but not bioavailable testosterone. The retention of sexual functions in overweight men was not always directly related to BMI levels and GPS concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merkhat Akkaliyev
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurlan Aukenov
- Department of Health and Human Resources, Ministry of Health, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Meruyert Massabayeva
- Center of Scientific Research Laboratory, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Bakytbek Apsalikov
- Department of Family Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Saule Rakhyzhanova
- Department of Normal Physiology, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Muratkhan Kuderbaev
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
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Tin ST, Smith-Byrne K, Ferrari P, Rinaldi S, McCullough ML, Teras LR, Manjer J, Giles G, Marchand LL, Haiman CA, Wilkens LR, Chen Y, Hankinson S, Tworoger S, Eliassen AH, Willett WC, Ziegler RG, Fuhrman BJ, Sieri S, Agnoli C, Cauley J, Menon U, Fourkala EO, Rohan TE, Kaaks R, Reeves GK, Key TJ. Alcohol intake and endogenous sex hormones in women: meta-analysis of cohort studies and Mendelian randomization. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3249588. [PMID: 37645769 PMCID: PMC10462228 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3249588/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background The mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced breast carcinogenesis are not fully understood but may involve hormonal changes. Methods We investigated cross-sectional associations between self-reported alcohol intake and serum or plasma concentrations of oestradiol, oestrone, progesterone (in pre-menopausal women only), testosterone, androstenedione, DHEAS (dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate) and SHBG (sex hormone binding globulin) in 45 431 pre-menopausal and 173 476 post-menopausal women. We performed multivariable linear regression separately for UK Biobank, EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) and EHBCCG (Endogenous Hormones and Breast Cancer Collaborative Group), and meta-analysed the results. For testosterone and SHBG, we also conducted two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) and colocalisation using the ADH1B (Alcohol Dehydrogenase 1B) variant (rs1229984). Results Alcohol intake was positively, though weakly, associated with all hormones (except progesterone in pre-menopausal women), with increments in concentrations per 10 g/day increment in alcohol intake ranging from 1.7% for luteal oestradiol to 6.6% for post-menopausal DHEAS. There was an inverse association of alcohol with SHBG in post-menopausal women but a small positive association in pre-menopausal women. MR identified positive associations of alcohol intake with total testosterone (difference per 10 g/day increment: 4.1%; 95% CI: 0.6%, 7.6%) and free testosterone (7.8%; 4.1%, 11.5%), and an inverse association with SHBG (-8.1%; -11.3%, -4.9%). Colocalisation suggested a shared causal locus at ADH1B between alcohol intake and higher free testosterone and lower SHBG (PP4: 0.81 and 0.97 respectively). Conclusions Alcohol intake was associated with small increases in sex hormone concentrations, including bioavailable fractions, which may contribute to its effect on breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jonas Manjer
- Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University
| | | | | | | | | | - Yu Chen
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine
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Bilder DA, Worsham W, Sullivan S, Esplin MS, Burghardt P, Fraser A, Bakian AV. Sex-specific and sex-independent steroid-related biomarkers in early second trimester maternal serum associated with autism. Mol Autism 2023; 14:30. [PMID: 37573326 PMCID: PMC10422808 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-023-00562-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to maternal metabolic conditions associated with inflammation and steroid dysregulation has previously been linked to increased autism risk. Steroid-related maternal serum biomarkers have also provided insight into the in utero steroid environment for offspring who develop autism. OBJECTIVE This study examines the link between autism among offspring and early second trimester maternal steroid-related serum biomarkers from pregnancies enriched for prenatal metabolic syndrome (PNMS) exposure. STUDY DESIGN Early second trimester maternal steroid-related serum biomarkers (i.e., estradiol, free testosterone, total testosterone, and sex hormone binding globulin) were compared between pregnancies corresponding to offspring with (N = 68) and without (N = 68) autism. Multiple logistic regression analyses were stratified by sex and gestational duration. One-way ANCOVA with post hoc tests was performed for groups defined by autism status and PNMS exposure. RESULTS Increased estradiol was significantly associated with autism only in males (AOR = 1.13 per 100 pg/ml, 95% CI 1.01-1.27, p = 0.036) and only term pregnancies (AOR = 1.17 per 100 pg/ml, 95% CI 1.04-1.32, p = 0.010). Autism status was significantly associated with decreased sex hormone binding globulin (AOR = 0.65 per 50 nmol/L, 95% CI 0.55-0.78, p < 0.001) overall and when stratified by sex and term pregnancy status. The inverse association between sex hormone binding globulin and autism was independent of PNMS exposure. LIMITATIONS The relative racial and ethnic homogeneity of Utah's population limits the generalizability of study results. Although significant differences by autism status were identified in concentrations of sex hormone binding globulin overall and of estradiol in participant subgroups, differences by PNMS exposure failed to reach statistical significance, which may reflect insufficient statistical power. CONCLUSION Both elevated maternal serum estradiol in males only and low maternal serum sex hormone binding globulin in both sexes are associated with increased autism risk. Further investigation is merited to identify how steroid, metabolic, and inflammatory processes can interact to influence neurodevelopment in early second trimester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Bilder
- University of Utah Huntsman Mental Health Institute, 383 Colorow Drive, Room 360, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA.
| | - Whitney Worsham
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - M Sean Esplin
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Alison Fraser
- University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Amanda V Bakian
- University of Utah Huntsman Mental Health Institute, 383 Colorow Drive, Room 360, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
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Xu P, Zeng R, Wan Q, Xie Y, Liu X, An S, Jiang J, Yang J, Zhou Y, Shen X. Aging-related increases in serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels in men might be related to increased synthesis. Exp Gerontol 2023; 179:112249. [PMID: 37392803 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have indicated that serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels increase with age; however, the causes remain unknown. The present study aimed to clarify whether the increase in SHBG levels is attributable to aging-related increases in SHBG synthesis. METHODS We examined and evaluated the association of serum SHBG levels with synthesis-related factors in men aged 18-80 years. Additionally, we examined the serum and liver levels of SHBG, hepatic nuclear factor 4α (HNF-4α), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) in young, middle-aged, and old Sprague-Dawley rats. RESULTS The study included 209 men in the young group (median age, 33 ± 10 years), 174 men in the middle-aged group (median age, 53 ± 8 years), and 98 men in the elderly group (median age, 71 ± 8 years). Serum SHBG levels increased with age (P < 0.05), whereas HNF-4α and PPAR-γ levels decreased with age (both P < 0.05). Compared with the findings in the young group, the average decline in HNF-4α levels was 2.61 % and 18.46 % in the middle-aged and elderly groups, respectively; the average decreases in PPAR-γ levels in these groups were 12.86 % and 20.76 %, respectively. The results in rats illustrated that liver SHBG and HNF-4α levels increased with age, whereas PPAR-γ and chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor (COUP-TF) levels decreased with age (all P < 0.05). Serum SHBG levels increased in rats with age, whereas HNF-4α and PPAR-γ levels decreased with age (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The aging-related increased liver levels of the SHBG synthesis promoter HNF-4α and decreased levels of the SHBG inhibitory factors PPAR-γ and COUP-TF suggest that the aging-related increases in SHBG levels are associated with increased SHBG synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Xu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6, Xuefu West Road, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6, Xuefu West Road, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Qiyou Wan
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6, Xuefu West Road, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Xie
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6, Xuefu West Road, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Xingyan Liu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6, Xuefu West Road, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Songlin An
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6, Xuefu West Road, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6, Xuefu West Road, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6, Xuefu West Road, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuanzhong Zhou
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6, Xuefu West Road, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China.
| | - Xubo Shen
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6, Xuefu West Road, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China.
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Huyghe L, Robin C, Dumont A, Decanter C, Kyheng M, Dewailly D, Catteau-Jonard S, Robin G. How to Choose the Optimal Starting Dose of Clomiphene Citrate (50 or 100 mg per Day) for a First Cycle of Ovulation Induction in Anovulatory PCOS Women? J Clin Med 2023; 12:4943. [PMID: 37568345 PMCID: PMC10420149 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12154943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Clomiphene citrate (CC) is one of the first-line treatments for ovulation induction in women with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, nearly 1 out of 2 women is resistant to 50 mg/day of CC. The objective of this study is to investigate the clinical, biological, and/or ultrasound factors that may predict the resistance to 50 mg/day of CC in the first cycle of treatment in women with anovulatory PCOS. This would make it possible to identify PCOS patients to whom the dose of 100 mg/day would be offered as of the first cycle. DESIGN A retrospective and monocentric study was conducted on 283 women with anovulatory PCOS who required the use of ovulation induction with CC (903 cycles). RESULTS During the first cycle of treatment, 104 patients (36.8%) were resistant to 50 mg/day of CC. Univariate regression analysis showed that patients who resisted 50 mg/day of CC had significantly higher BMI, waist circumference, serum levels of AMH, total testosterone, Δ4-androstenedione, 17-OHP, and insulin (p < 0.05), compared to patients ovulating with this dose. Serum levels of SHBG were significantly lower in patients resistant to 50 mg/day (p < 0.05). After multivariate analysis, only AMH and SHBG remained statistically significant (p = 0.01 and p = 0.001, respectively). However, areas under the ROC curves were weak (0.59 and 0.68, respectively). CONCLUSION AMH and SHBG are the only two parameters significantly associated with the risk of resistance to 50 mg/day of CC. However, no satisfactory thresholds have been established to predict resistance to 50 mg CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Huyghe
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Fertility Preservation, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France; (L.H.); (C.R.); (A.D.); (S.C.-J.)
| | - Camille Robin
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Fertility Preservation, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France; (L.H.); (C.R.); (A.D.); (S.C.-J.)
| | - Agathe Dumont
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Fertility Preservation, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France; (L.H.); (C.R.); (A.D.); (S.C.-J.)
| | - Christine Decanter
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Fertility Preservation, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France; (L.H.); (C.R.); (A.D.); (S.C.-J.)
| | - Maeva Kyheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
- ULR 2694—METRICS: Evaluation des Technologies de Santé et des Pratiques Médicales, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Didier Dewailly
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
- UMRS-1172, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Sophie Catteau-Jonard
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Fertility Preservation, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France; (L.H.); (C.R.); (A.D.); (S.C.-J.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
- UMRS-1172, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, 59000 Lille, France
- Department of Medical Gynecology and Sexology, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Geoffroy Robin
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Fertility Preservation, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France; (L.H.); (C.R.); (A.D.); (S.C.-J.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
- UMRS-1172, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, 59000 Lille, France
- Department of Medical Gynecology and Sexology, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
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Zhang W, Cui Y, Liu J. The association between blood heavy metals level and sex hormones among postmenopausal women in the US. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1175011. [PMID: 37534216 PMCID: PMC10391169 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1175011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Environmental pollutants could be implicated in female endocrine setting Q6 beyond traditional factors. Until now, few study has focused on the association of environmental exposure to heavy metals with sex hormones in postmenopausal women. This study intended to investigate whether serum levels of heavy metals(i.e., Cd, Pb, Hg, Mn, Se) would influence sex hormones in postmenopausal women. Methods and results A cross-sectional study was performed on 614 nationally representative participants from 2013-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the US. Multivariate linear regression models and restricted cubic spline plots revealed cadmium(Cd) had linear positive association with TT(β=3.25, 95%CI= 1.12, 5.38), bioavailable TT(β=1.78, 95%CI=0.36,3.21) and TT/E2(β=0.76, 95%CI=0.28,1.24), which was more apparent in natural menopausal and obese women. Lead(Pb) had linear positive association with SHBG(β=12.84, 95%CI= 6.77,18.91), which was apparent in nearly all subgroups except in normal BMI group, and TT/E2 (β=0.69, 95%CI 0.134,1.25), which was apparent in natural menopausal and normal BMI women. Manganese(Mn) had non-linear association with SHBG, which was more apparent in natural menopausal and obese women, and TT/E2, which was more apparent in natural menopausal and normal BMI women. Selenium(Se) had U shaped non-linear association with TT, which was more apparent in hysterectomy, overweight and obese women, and SHBG, which was apparent in nearly all subgroups except in normal BMI group. Conclusion In summary, this cross-sectional study indicates a possible role that various degree of environmental exposure to heavy metals plays in the disruption of sex Q5 hormone levels in postmenopausal women. Further experiments are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Spaziani M, Carlomagno F, Tarantino C, Angelini F, Vincenzi L, Gianfrilli D. New perspectives in functional hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: beyond late onset hypogonadism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1184530. [PMID: 37455902 PMCID: PMC10344362 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1184530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (FHH) is an increasingly frequent condition, whose pathological mechanisms are not yet fully clarified. The concept of FHH has now completely replaced that of late onset hypogonadism, that only concerned the ageing man. FHH is the result of an impairment of the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis (HPG-A) function, resulting in decreased testosterone concentrations associated with low or inappropriately normal gonadotropin levels and infertility; it can be diagnosed once organic causes of hypogonadism are excluded. The growing occurrence of FHH derives from its association with widespread conditions, such as obesity and diabetes mellitus, but also to the increasing ease and frequency of use of several drugs, such as opioids, glucocorticoids, and sex steroids. Moreover, given the tendency of many subjects to excessive physical activity and drastic reduction in caloric intake, FHH may also be secondary to low energy availability. Finally, the association with HIV infection should not be overlooked. Therefore, there is an important variability in the diseases that can lead to FHH. Despite the heterogeneity of the underlying pathologies, the mechanisms leading to FHH would seem quite similar, with the initial event represented by the impairment at the HPG-A level. Nevertheless, many different biological pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of FHH, therefore the aim of the current paper is to provide an overview of the main relevant mechanisms, through a detailed analysis of the literature, focusing specifically on pathogenesis and clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Spaziani
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Centre for Rare Diseases (Endo-ERN Accredited), Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Carlomagno
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Centre for Rare Diseases (Endo-ERN Accredited), Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Tarantino
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Centre for Rare Diseases (Endo-ERN Accredited), Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Angelini
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Centre for Rare Diseases (Endo-ERN Accredited), Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovica Vincenzi
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Centre for Rare Diseases (Endo-ERN Accredited), Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Gianfrilli
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Centre for Rare Diseases (Endo-ERN Accredited), Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
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De Vincentis S, Rochira V. Update on acquired hypogonadism in men living with HIV: pathogenesis, clinic, and treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1201696. [PMID: 37455928 PMCID: PMC10338827 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1201696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypogonadism is a frequent finding among men living with HIV (MLWH) and it seems to occur earlier in comparison with the general male population. Although the prevalence of hypogonadism in MLWH has significantly lowered thanks to advancements in medical management, it remains high if compared with age-matched HIV-uninfected men, ranging from 13% to 40% in the age group of 20-60 years. Signs and symptoms of low serum testosterone (T) in MLWH are cause of concern since they are non-specific, of mild-to-moderate degree, and often overlapping with those of infection per se. For these reasons, hypogonadism can be underestimated in the absence of targeted laboratory blood examinations. With regard to the etiological factors involved in the T decrease, emerging evidence has suggested the functional nature of hypogonadism in MLWH, pointing out the mutual relationship between sex steroids, health status, comorbidities, and HIV-related factors. In agreement with this hypothesis, a therapeutic approach aiming at improving or reversing concomitant diseases through lifestyle changes (e.g. physical activity) rather than pharmacological T treatment should be theoretically considered. However, considering both patient's barriers to lifestyle changes to be maintained overtime and the lack of evidence-based data on the efficacy of lifestyle changes in normalizing serum T in MLWH, T therapy remains an option when other non-pharmacological interventions are ineffective as well as for all other functional forms of hypogonadism. From this perspective, the traditional therapeutic management of male hypogonadism in MLWH, especially the role of T supplementation, should be revised in the light of the probable functional nature of hypogonadism by considering a good balance between benefits and harmful. This narrative review presents an overview of current knowledge on hypogonadism in MLWH, deepening the factors driving and taking part in T decrease, providing advice for the clinical approach, and underlining the importance of individualized treatment aiming at optimizing non-gonadal comorbidities and thus avoiding over-, or even unnecessary, treatment with T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara De Vincentis
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Rochira
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy
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Cagle E, Lake B, Banerjee A, Cuffee J, Banerjee N, Gilmartin D, Liverman M, Brown S, Armstrong E, Bhattacharya S, Ghosh S, Mandal T, Banerjee H. Analysis of Differential Gene Expression and Core Canonical Pathways Involved in the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCE 2023; 13:21-34. [PMID: 37538932 PMCID: PMC10398793 DOI: 10.4236/cmb.2023.132002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a malignant form of cancer with very high mortality and morbidity. Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is the most common pathophysiological change observed in cancer cells of epithelial origin that promotes metastasis, drug resistance and cancer stem cell formation. Since the information regarding differential gene expression in TNBC cells and cell signaling events leading to EMT is limited, this investigation was done by comparing transcriptomic data generated by RNA isolation and sequencing of a EMT model TNBC cell line in comparison to regular TNBC cells. RNA sequencing and Ingenuity Pathway Software Analysis (IPA) of the transcriptomic data revealed several upregulated and downregulated gene expressions along with novel core canonical pathways including Sirtuin signaling, Oxidative Phosphorylation and Mitochondrial dysfunction events involved in EMT changes of the TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Cagle
- Department of Natural, Health and Human Sciences, Elizabeth City State University Campus of The University of North Carolina, Elizabeth, NC, USA
| | - Brent Lake
- Department of Natural, Health and Human Sciences, Elizabeth City State University Campus of The University of North Carolina, Elizabeth, NC, USA
| | - Anasua Banerjee
- Department of Natural, Health and Human Sciences, Elizabeth City State University Campus of The University of North Carolina, Elizabeth, NC, USA
| | - Jazmine Cuffee
- Department of Natural, Health and Human Sciences, Elizabeth City State University Campus of The University of North Carolina, Elizabeth, NC, USA
| | - Narendra Banerjee
- Department of Natural, Health and Human Sciences, Elizabeth City State University Campus of The University of North Carolina, Elizabeth, NC, USA
| | - Darla Gilmartin
- Department of Natural, Health and Human Sciences, Elizabeth City State University Campus of The University of North Carolina, Elizabeth, NC, USA
| | - Makaiyah Liverman
- Department of Natural, Health and Human Sciences, Elizabeth City State University Campus of The University of North Carolina, Elizabeth, NC, USA
| | - Shennel Brown
- Department of Natural, Health and Human Sciences, Elizabeth City State University Campus of The University of North Carolina, Elizabeth, NC, USA
| | - Erik Armstrong
- Department of Natural, Health and Human Sciences, Elizabeth City State University Campus of The University of North Carolina, Elizabeth, NC, USA
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Somiranjan Ghosh
- Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tanmoy Mandal
- Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hirendra Banerjee
- Department of Natural, Health and Human Sciences, Elizabeth City State University Campus of The University of North Carolina, Elizabeth, NC, USA
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Fielder S, Nickkho-Amiry M, Seif MW. Obesity and menstrual disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2023; 89:102343. [PMID: 37279629 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2023.102343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a growing public health concern and is associated with a range of menstrual disorders, including heavy menstrual bleeding, oligomenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, and endometrial pathology. Investigations may be more logistically challenging in those in the population with obesity, and because of the heightened risk of endometrial malignancy, there should be a low threshold for biopsy to exclude endometrial hyperplasia. Although treatment modalities for women with obesity are broadly similar to those with a normal BMI, additional consideration must be given to the risks associated with estrogen in obesity. Outpatient management of heavy menstrual bleeding is a developing field and outpatient treatment modalities are preferable in the population with obesity to avoid the morbidity associated with anesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Fielder
- Gynaecological Division, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
| | | | - Mourad W Seif
- Gynaecological Division, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
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Liu Q, Hu S, Fan F, Zheng Z, Zhou X, Zhang Y. Association of blood metals with serum sex hormones in adults: A cross-sectional study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:69628-69638. [PMID: 37140863 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27384-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals such as lead, mercury, and cadmium have been identified to have negative impacts on human health. Although the individual effects of these metals have been extensively researched, the present study aims to explore their combined effects and their association with serum sex hormones among adults. Data for this study were obtained from the general adult population of the 2013-2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) and included five metal (mercury, cadmium, manganese, lead, and selenium) exposures and three sex hormones (total testosterone [TT], estradiol [E2], and sex hormone-binding globulin [SHBG]) levels. The free androgen index (FAI) and TT/E2 ratio were also calculated. The relationships between blood metals and serum sex hormones were analysed using linear regression and restricted cubic spline regression. The effect of blood metal mixtures on sex hormone levels was examined using the quantile g-computation (qgcomp) model. There were 3,499 participants in this study, including 1,940 males and 1,559 females. In males, positive relationships between blood cadmium and serum SHBG (β=0.049 [0.006, 0.093]), lead and SHBG (β=0.040 [0.002, 0.079]), manganese and FAI (β=0.080 [0.016, 0.144]), and selenium and FAI (β=0.278 [0.054, 0.502]) were observed. In contrast, manganese and SHBG (β=-0.137 [-0.237, -0.037]), selenium and SHBG (β=-0.281 [-0.533, -0.028]), and manganese and TT/E2 ratio (β=-0.094 [-0.158, -0.029]) were negative associations. In females, blood cadmium and serum TT (β=0.082 [0.023, 0.141]), manganese and E2 (β=0.282 [0.072, 0.493]), cadmium and SHBG (β=0.146 [0.089, 0.203]), lead and SHBG (β=0.163 [0.095, 0.231]), and lead and TT/E2 ratio (β=0.174 [0.056, 0.292]) were positive relationships, while lead and E2 (β=-0.168 [-0.315, -0.021]) and FAI (β=-0.157 [-0.228, -0.086]) were negative associations. This correlation was stronger among elderly women (>50 years old). The qgcomp analysis revealed that the positive effect of mixed metals on SHBG was mainly driven by cadmium, while the negative effect of mixed metals on FAI was mainly driven by lead. Our findings indicate that exposure to heavy metals may disrupt hormonal homeostasis in adults, particularly in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongshan Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, 515031, China
| | - Shijian Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, 515031, China
| | - Fufang Fan
- Department of Gynecology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, 515031, China
| | - Zhixiang Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, 515031, China
| | - Xinye Zhou
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, 515031, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, 515031, China.
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Zhu X, Meng Y, Ju Y, Yang Y, Zhang S, Miao L, Liu Z. Association of the urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with sex hormones stratified by menopausal status older than 20 years: a mixture analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:57717-57727. [PMID: 36971937 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26099-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We examined the relationships between exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) metabolites and sex hormones in pre- and postmenopausal women from the 2013-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The study comprised 648 premenopausal and 370 postmenopausal women (aged 20 years or older) with comprehensive data on PAH metabolites and sex steroid hormones. To evaluate the correlations between individual or mixture of the PAH metabolites and sex hormones stratified by menopausal status, we used linear regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). After controlling for confounders, 1-Hydroxynaphthalene (1-NAP) was inversely associated with total testosterone (TT), and 1-NAP, 3-Hydroxyfluorene (3-FLU), and 2-Hydroxyfluorene (2-FLU) were inversely associated with estradiol (E2). 3-FLU was positively associated with sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and TT/E2, whereas 1-NAP and 2-FLU were inversely associated with free androgen index (FAI). In the BKMR analyses, chemical combination concentrations at or above the 55th percentile were inversely connected to E2, TT, and FAI values but positively correlated with SHBG when compared with the matching 50th percentile. In addition, we only found that mixed exposure to PAHs was positively associated with TT and SHBG in premenopausal women. Exposure to PAH metabolites, either alone or as a mixture, was negatively associated with E2, TT, FAI, and TT/E2 but positively associated with SHBG. These associations were stronger among postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihui Zhu
- Department of Perinatal Center, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang/Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yancen Meng
- Department of Perinatal Center, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang/Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yaru Ju
- Department of Perinatal Center, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang/Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanjing Yang
- Department of Perinatal Center, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang/Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Su'e Zhang
- Department of Perinatal Center, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang/Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Liye Miao
- Department of Perinatal Center, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang/Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhan Liu
- Department of Perinatal Center, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang/Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Matuszewska A, Kowalski K, Jawień P, Tomkalski T, Gaweł-Dąbrowska D, Merwid-Ląd A, Szeląg E, Błaszczak K, Wiatrak B, Danielewski M, Piasny J, Szeląg A. The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Men with Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076492. [PMID: 37047464 PMCID: PMC10094807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder with a chronic, progressive course. The etiology of this condition is linked to the interactions of multiple genes and environmental factors. The earlier age of onset of schizophrenia, the higher frequency of negative symptoms in the clinical presentation, and the poorer response to antipsychotic treatment in men compared to women suggests the involvement of sex hormones in these processes. This article aims to draw attention to the possible relationship between testosterone and some clinical features in male schizophrenic patients and discuss the complex nature of these phenomena based on data from the literature. PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched to select the papers without limiting the time of the publications. Hormone levels in the body are regulated by many organs and systems, and take place through the neuroendocrine, hormonal, neural, and metabolic pathways. Sex hormones play an important role in the development and function of the organism. Besides their impact on secondary sex characteristics, they influence brain development and function, mood, and cognition. In men with schizophrenia, altered testosterone levels were noted. In many cases, evidence from available single studies gave contradictory results. However, it seems that the testosterone level in men affected by schizophrenia may differ depending on the phase of the disease, types of clinical symptoms, and administered therapy. The etiology of testosterone level disturbances may be very complex. Besides the impact of the illness (schizophrenia), stress, and antipsychotic drug-induced hyperprolactinemia, testosterone levels may be influenced by, i.a., obesity, substances of abuse (e.g., ethanol), or liver damage.
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