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Marić Đ, Baralić K, Vukelić D, Milošević I, Nikolić A, Antonijević B, Đukić-Ćosić D, Bulat Z, Aschner M, Djordjevic AB. Thyroid under siege: Unravelling the toxic impact of real-life metal mixture exposures in Wistar rats. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 360:142441. [PMID: 38797200 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the effect of a toxic metal(oid) mixture (cadmium, lead, arsenic, mercury, chromium, and nickel) on thyroid function in Wistar rats exposed for 28 or 90 days. Dose levels were determined based on prior human-biomonitoring investigation. The experiment included control (male/female rats, 28 and 90 days) and treated groups, reflecting the lower confidence limit of the Benchmark Dose (BMDL) for hormone levels (M1/F1, 28 and 90 days), median concentrations (M2/F2, 28 and 90 days), 95th percentile concentrations (M3/F3, 28 and 90 days) measured in a human study, and reference values for individual metals extracted from the literature (M4/F4, 28 days only). Blood and thyroid gland samples were collected at the experimental termination. Serum TSH, fT3, fT4, T3, and T4 levels were measured, and SPINA-GT and SPINA-GD parameters were calculated. In silico analysis, employing the Comparative Toxicogenomic Database and ToppGene Suite portal, aimed to reveal molecular mechanisms underlying the observed effects. Results showed greater sensitivity in the female rats, with significant effects observed at lower doses. Subacute exposure increased TSH, fT3, and T3 levels in females, while subchronic exposure in males decreased TSH and fT3 levels and increased fT4. Subacute exposure induced changes even at allegedly safe doses, emphasizing potential health risks. Histological abnormalities were observed in all the treated groups. In silico findings suggested that toxic metal exposure contributes to thyroid disorders via oxidative stress, disruption of micronutrients, interference with hormone synthesis, and gene expression dysregulation. These results indicate that seemingly safe doses in single-substance research can adversely affect thyroid structure and function when administered as a mixture. These findings highlight the complex impact of toxic metal exposure on thyroid health, emphasizing that adhering to accepted safety limits for single-substance research fails to account for adverse effects on thyroid structure and function upon exposures to metal mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Đurđica Marić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Katarina Baralić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Vukelić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Milošević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Bulevar oslobođenja 18, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anja Nikolić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Bulevar oslobođenja 18, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Antonijević
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Đukić-Ćosić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer 209, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
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Radović B, Stojilković N, Ćurčić M, Miljaković EA, Đorđević AB, Javorac D, Baralić K, Đukić-Ćosić D, Bulat Z, Antonijević B. In silico assessment of mixture toxicity mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases: the combination of toxic metal(oid)s and decabrominated diphenyl ether. Toxicology 2023; 489:153496. [PMID: 36933645 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to assess the connection between the mixture of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), methylmercury (MeHg) and decabrominated diphenyl ether (decaBDE) and thyroid function, by using in silico toxicogenomic data-mining approach. To obtain the linkage between investigated toxic mixture and thyroid diseases (TDs), the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) was used, while gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was performed by ToppGeneSuite portal. The analysis has shown 10 genes connected to all chemicals present in the mixture and TDs (CAT, GSR, IFNG, IL1B, IL4, IL6, MAPK1, SOD2, TGFB1, TNF), most of which were in co-expression (45.68%), or belonged to the same pathway (30.47%). Top 5 biological processes and molecular functions affected by the investigated mixture emphasized the role of two common mechanisms - oxidative stress and inflammation. Cytokines and inflammatory response was listed as the main molecular pathway that may be triggered by simultaneous exposure to toxic metal(oid)s and decaBDE and connected to TDs. The direct relations between Pb/decaBDE and redox status impairment in thyroid tissue was confirmed by our chemical-phenotype interaction analysis, while the strongest linkage between Pb, As and decaBDE and thyroid disorders was found. The obtained results provide better understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in the thyrotoxicity of the investigated mixture, and can be used to direct further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Radović
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Stojilković
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marijana Ćurčić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Evica Antonijević Miljaković
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Buha Đorđević
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Javorac
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Baralić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Đukić-Ćosić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Antonijević
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
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Wang M, Wang Y, Han J, Duan Z, Yin J, Ding R, Wang Q. Gestational and Lactational Co-Exposure to DEHP and BPA Impairs Hepatic Function via PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 Pathway in Offspring. TOXICS 2023; 11:216. [PMID: 36976981 PMCID: PMC10058277 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and bisphenol A (BPA) present significant environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical properties. Although studies have implied reproductive impairment from exposure to BPA and DEHP, no study to date has shown the effect and mechanism of hepatic function after gestational and lactational co-exposure to DEHP and BPA in offspring. A total of 36 perinatal rats were randomly divided into four groups, DEHP (600 mg/kg/day), BPA (80 mg/kg/day), DEHP combined with BPA (600 mg/kg/day + 80 mg/kg/day), and control. Notably, 11 chemical targets were screened after identifying eight substances associated with chemically-induced hepatic damage. Molecular docking simulations revealed a high-scoring combination of eight metabolic components and targets of the PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway. The DEHP and BPA combination disrupted hepatic steatosis, ultimately affecting systemic the glucose and the lipid metabolic homeostasis with significant toxicity. Mechanistically, co-exposure to DEHP and BPA causes liver dysfunction and hepatic insulin resistance via PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 pathway in offspring. This is the first study of the hepatic function and mechanism of co-exposure to DEHP and BPA that combines metabolomics, molecular docking, and traditional toxicity assessment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghan Wang
- State key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Faculty of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110031, China
| | - Junyuan Han
- State key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Zhiwen Duan
- Shenyang Medical College, School of Public Health, Shenyang 110121, China
| | - Jiye Yin
- State key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Rigao Ding
- State key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Quanjun Wang
- State key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100089, China
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Probiotic cultures as a potential protective strategy against the toxicity of environmentally relevant chemicals: State-of-the-art knowledge. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 172:113582. [PMID: 36581092 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Environmentally relevant toxic substances may affect human health, provoking numerous harmful effects on central nervous, respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrine and reproductive system, and even cause various types of carcinoma. These substances, to which general population is constantly and simultaneously exposed, enter human body via food and water, but also by inhalation and dermal contact, while accumulating evidence suggests that probiotic cultures are able to efficiently adsorb and/or degrade them. Cell wall of probiotic bacteria/fungi, which contains structures such as exopolysaccharide, teichoic acid, protein and peptidoglycan components, is considered the main place of toxic substances adsorption. Moreover, probiotics are able to induce metabolism and degradation of various toxic substances, making them less toxic and more suitable for elimination. Other probable in vivo protective effects have also been suggested, including decreased intestinal absorption and increased excretion of toxic substances, prevented gut microbial dysbiosis, increase in the intestinal mucus secretion, decreased production of reactive oxygen species, reduction of inflammation, etc. Having all of this in mind, this review aims to summarize the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding the potential protective effects of different probiotic strains against environmentally relevant toxic substances (mycotoxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, phthalates, bisphenol A and toxic metals).
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Buha Djordjevic A, Milovanovic V, Curcic M, Antonijevic Miljakovic E, Bulat Z, Djukic-Cosic D, Jankovic S, Vučinić S, Hayes AW, Antonijevic B. New insight into the perplexing toxic features of PCBs: A study of nephrotoxicity in an animal model. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 217:114829. [PMID: 36410460 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of PCBs on the rat kidneys with attention given to the determination critical effect dose (CED) using the Benchmark dose (BMD) approach. Male albino Wistar rats (7 animals per group) were given by oral gavage Aroclor 1254 dissolved in corn oil at doses of 0.0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 mg/kg b.w./day for 28 days. The PCB nephrotoxicity was manifested by a dose-dependent changes in serum urea levels. The study has also revealed PCB-induced oxidative stress induction in kidneys. The observed nephrotoxic effects can be partly explained by oxidative damage of lipids and proteins in the kidneys due to observed reduced CuZnSOD activity and disturbances in antioxidant protection. Аll the renal oxidative stress parameters showed dependence on PCB oral doses as well as internal, measure kidney PCB levels. Calculated BMDL values were lower than estimated no observed adverse effect levels (NOAEL) based on the study, suggesting the importance of BMD approach use in future risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović," University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia.
| | - Vesna Milovanovic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović," University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | - Marijana Curcic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović," University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | | | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović," University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | - Danijela Djukic-Cosic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović," University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | - Sasa Jankovic
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavica Vučinić
- National Poison Contol Centre, Military Medical Academy, USA
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Biljana Antonijevic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović," University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
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Chen Y, Zhou C, Bian Y, Fu F, Zhu B, Zhao X, Zhang M, Zhou C, Yao S, Zhang Z, Luo H, Ge Y, Wu C, Ruan H. Cadmium exposure promotes thyroid pyroptosis and endocrine dysfunction by inhibiting Nrf2/Keap1 signaling. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114376. [PMID: 36508821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous toxic metal and environmental pollutant. Increasing studies have shown that Cd exposure increases the incidence of various endocrine system diseases, including thyrotoxicity reflected by thyroid structural damage and endocrine toxicity. However, the observed outcomes are complex and conflicting, leading to the mechanism of Cd-induced thyrotoxicity remaining obscure. In this study, 4-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were given 2 or 7 mg/kg Cadmium Chloride (CdCl2) intragastrically for 4 and 8 weeks, and the Cd-mediated thyrotoxicity was evaluated by determining alterations in thyroid structure and endocrine function, and alterations of oxidant stress, apoptosis, and pyroptosis. Our data showed that Cd exposure could reduce body weight and induce thyrotoxicity by impairing thyroid follicular morphology and endocrine function, accompanied by elevated oxidative stress and apoptosis, macrophage infiltration, and inflammatory cytokine secretion. Importantly, Cd significantly promoted thyroid follicular cell pyroptosis by increasing Nlrp3, Asc, Caspase-1, Gsdmd, IL-1β, and IL-18 expression. Mechanistical analysis suggested that Cd treatment could inhibit antioxidant pathway by downregulating antioxidant response protein, Nrf2, and upregulating its negative feedback regulator, Keap1. Collectively, our in vivo findings suggest that Cd exposure could facilitate thyroid follicular cell pyroptosis by inhibiting Nrf2/Keap1 signaling, thereby disrupting thyroid tissue structure and endocrine function, which offers novel insights into the Cd-mediated detrimental consequences on thyroid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Chen
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, China; The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Chengcong Zhou
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yishan Bian
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Fangda Fu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Bian'an Zhu
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xuyan Zhao
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Muxin Zhang
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Chunyuan Zhou
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Sai Yao
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Huan Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.
| | - Yuying Ge
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Chengliang Wu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Hongfeng Ruan
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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Janković S, Stošić M, Miljaković EA, Ćurčić M, Đukić Ćosić D, Buha Đorđević A, Bulat Z, Antonijević B. Cadmium dietary exposure assessment in the adult population and pre-school children in the Republic of Serbia. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2023; 40:67-80. [PMID: 36345249 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2141467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal, present in all matrices of the environment and a common food contaminant. Human exposure to it may elicit many diverse health impairments. The aim of this study was to assess the dietary exposure to Cd for the adult population and preschool children in Serbia using probabilistic methodology. We measured Cd in 11,227 food samples belonging to 50 food items on the Serbian market. Cd was detected in 90% of the tested food items, and in 30.8% of the overall tested samples. The food item that contributed the most to total dietary Cd intake was potatoes (median Cd concentration of 7 ng/g) in adults, and fruit and vegetable juices in children (median Cd concentration of 19 ng/g). Weekly Cd intake shown as 50th and 95th percentiles were 2.54 and 4.74 µg/kg bw in the adult population, and 3.29 and 4.93 µg/kg bw in children. The results of this study are rather preliminary and should be considered as an indication of the need for further, more refined research, which would contribute to a more realistic risk assessment as a high-priority approach, especially in the case of vulnerable subpopulations such as children. Abbreviations: AT SDR: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry; EEA: European Environment Agency; EFSA: European Food Safety Authority; FAO/WHO: Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization; HI: hazard index; IARC: International Agency for Research on Cancer; JECFA: Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives; LOD: limit of detection; Cd: cadmium; TWI: tolerable weekly intake; UNEP: United Nations Environment Program; WI: weekly intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saša Janković
- Department for Residues Testing, Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Stošić
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Evica Antonijević Miljaković
- Department of Toxicology 'Akademik Danilo Soldatović', Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marijana Ćurčić
- Department of Toxicology 'Akademik Danilo Soldatović', Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Đukić Ćosić
- Department of Toxicology 'Akademik Danilo Soldatović', Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Buha Đorđević
- Department of Toxicology 'Akademik Danilo Soldatović', Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology 'Akademik Danilo Soldatović', Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Antonijević
- Department of Toxicology 'Akademik Danilo Soldatović', Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Ramadan MA, Saif Eldin AS. Effect of occupational cadmium exposure on the thyroid gland and associated inflammatory markers among workers of the electroplating industry. Toxicol Ind Health 2022; 38:210-220. [DOI: 10.1177/07482337221085046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is widespread throughout the environment and is used in the electroplating industry. It has been found to have an effect on the endocrine system. However, its effects and their underlying mechanisms are still not clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate how cadmium exposure at work affected the levels of thyroid hormones and the associated inflammatory and oxidative markers. This study was conducted in an electroplating industry in Cairo, Egypt. Ninety male cadmium-exposed workers were matched with 90 male unexposed participants. A detailed questionnaire was designed and given to every participant in the study, and full clinical examinations were carried out. Blood samples were collected from all participants for determination of levels of serum cadmium, thyroid hormones, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), malondialdehyde (MDA), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Morning midstream urine samples were obtained to measure urine cadmium levels. Results showed that the total blood and urinary cadmium levels were significantly higher in the exposed group (2.38 ± 0.94 μg/L and 5.45 ± 1.92 μg/g creatinine, respectively) than in the unexposed group. The serum levels of anti-TPO antibody, TSH, MDA, IL-6, and TNF-α also were significantly higher in the cadmium-exposed group than in the unexposed group. Significant direct relationships were seen between the biological indices of cadmium exposure and anti-TPO antibodies, TSH, IL-6, TNF-α, and MDA. It was concluded that there is a link between occupational cadmium exposure and autoimmune hypothyroidism, inflammatory, and oxidative stress markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Abdallah Ramadan
- Lecturer of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Aisha Safwat Saif Eldin
- Lecturer of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
- Faculty of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nora Bint Abul Rahman University, Saudi Arabia
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Aaseth J, Javorac D, Djordjevic AB, Bulat Z, Skalny AV, Zaitseva IP, Aschner M, Tinkov AA. The Role of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Obesity: A Review of Laboratory and Epidemiological Studies. TOXICS 2022; 10:65. [PMID: 35202251 PMCID: PMC8877532 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are considered as potential obesogens that may affect adipose tissue development and functioning, thus promoting obesity. However, various POPs may have different mechanisms of action. The objective of the present review is to discuss the key mechanisms linking exposure to POPs to adipose tissue dysfunction and obesity. Laboratory data clearly demonstrate that the mechanisms associated with the interference of exposure to POPs with obesity include: (a) dysregulation of adipogenesis regulators (PPARγ and C/EBPα); (b) affinity and binding to nuclear receptors; (c) epigenetic effects; and/or (d) proinflammatory activity. Although in vivo data are generally corroborative of the in vitro results, studies in living organisms have shown that the impact of POPs on adipogenesis is affected by biological factors such as sex, age, and period of exposure. Epidemiological data demonstrate a significant association between exposure to POPs and obesity and obesity-associated metabolic disturbances (e.g., type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome), although the existing data are considered insufficient. In conclusion, both laboratory and epidemiological data underline the significant role of POPs as environmental obesogens. However, further studies are required to better characterize both the mechanisms and the dose/concentration-response effects of exposure to POPs in the development of obesity and other metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, 2381 Brumunddal, Norway
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 400, 2418 Elverum, Norway
| | - Dragana Javorac
- Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.J.); (A.B.D.); (Z.B.)
| | - Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic
- Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.J.); (A.B.D.); (Z.B.)
| | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.J.); (A.B.D.); (Z.B.)
| | - Anatoly V. Skalny
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Bioelementology, KG Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management, 109004 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina P. Zaitseva
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia;
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Tinkov
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia;
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
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10
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Sarkar C, Chaudhary P, Jamaddar S, Janmeda P, Mondal M, Mubarak MS, Islam MT. Redox Activity of Flavonoids: Impact on Human Health, Therapeutics, and Chemical Safety. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:140-162. [PMID: 35045245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The cost-effectiveness of presently used therapies is a problem in overall redox-based management, which is posing a significant financial burden on communities across the world. As a result, sophisticated treatment models that provide notions of predictive diagnoses followed by targeted preventive therapies adapted to individual patient profiles are gaining global acclaim as being beneficial to patients, the healthcare sector, and society as a whole. In this context, natural flavonoids were considered due to their multifaceted antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects as well as their low toxicity and ease of availability. The aim of this review is to focus on the capacity of flavonoids to modulate the responsiveness of various diseases and ailments associated with redox toxicity. The review will also focus on the flavonoids' pathway-based redox activity and the advancement of redox-based therapies as well as flavonoids' antioxidant characteristics and their influence on human health, therapeutics, and chemical safety. Research findings indicated that flavonoids significantly exhibit various redox-based therapeutic responses against several diseases such as inflammatory, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and hepatic diseases and various types of cancer by activating the Nrf2/Keap1 transcription system, suppressing the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)/IκB kinase inflammatory pathway, abrogating the function of the Hsp90/Hsf1 complex, inhibiting the PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway, and preventing mitochondrial dysfunction. Some flavonoids, especially genistein, apigenin, amentoflavone, baicalein, quercetin, licochalcone A, and biochanin A, play a potential role in redox regulation. Conclusions of this review on the antioxidant aspects of flavonoids highlight the medicinal and folk values of these compounds against oxidative stress and various diseases and ailments. In short, treatment with flavonoids could be a novel therapeutic invention in clinical trials, as we hope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Priya Chaudhary
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Sarmin Jamaddar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Pracheta Janmeda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Milon Mondal
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | | | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
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11
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Marić Đ, Bonderović V, Javorac D, Baralić K, Bulat Z, Đukić-Ćosić D, Mandić-Rajčević S, Žarković M, Buha-Đorđević A. Exposure to mercury and thyroid function: Is there a connection? ARHIV ZA FARMACIJU 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm72-40122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is one of the most important environmental pollutants with endocrinedisrupting properties. There is little data from epidemiological studies describing the doseresponse relationship between toxic metal levels and hormone levels. The aim of this study was to use the nearest neighbor matching analysis to determine the difference in Hg concentration in healthy/sick subjects with thyroid disease and to use Benchmark modeling to determine the doseresponse relationship between Hg levels in the blood and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones in serum. Blood samples were collected and used for Hg measurement using the ICP-MS method, and separated serum was used for hormone analysis. The study showed the existence of a statistically significant difference in Hg levels measured in healthy and sick subjects and the existence of a dose-response relationship between Hg and all measured hormones, with a narrow interval obtained for the Hg-TSH pair. The results of this research support the use of the Benchmark dose approach for the purpose of analyzing data from human studies, and our further research will be focused on examining the impact of low doses on animal models in order to determine more precise effects of low doses on the organism.
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12
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Ara C, Yaseen F, Ali S, Shakir HA, Khan M, Andleeb S, Ramzan N. Evaluation of sex steroid hormones and reproductive irregularities in diethyl phthalate-exposed premature mice: modulatory effect of raw honey against potential anomalies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:55265-55276. [PMID: 34129163 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14774-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates, plasticizing chemicals, are top-rated environmental contaminants. Diethyl phthalate (DEP), a chief member of this family, was declared a potent endocrine disruptor and carcinogen in animals and humans. The current study was designed to explore the probable reproductive damage induced by DEP and the therapeutic efficacy of raw honey in male albino mice. Four-week-old 50 male mice were randomized equally in five groups, as control (C) received 0.1 ml distilled water; vehicle control (VC) received corn oil (0.1 ml/mouse); DEP (3mg/g/BW) dissolved in corn oil; honey control (HC) administered with honey (0.2 mg/g/day); and phthalate plus honey (P+H) administered with DEP and honey (3mg and 0.2 mg/g/BW/day respectively). Mice were treated through oral gavage for 54 days routinely, acclimatized for 6 days, and dissected. In the first instance, the antioxidant potential and total phenolic contents (TPC) of honey were analyzed through ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and Folin-Ciocalteu assay to confirm the antioxidant capacity of honey. The morphological, morphometric, histological, micrometric, sperm count, and hormonal analyses, and antioxidant capacity test in tissue homogenates were conducted by using tissues (testis, epididymis) and blood samples of mice. Mice exposed to DEP have a significant increase in body weight, LH level, and seminiferous tubule lumen diameter and decrease in the gonado-somatic index, testosterone level, sperm count, and seminiferous tubule diameter. Additionally, histopathology of testes showed interstitial space dilations, exfoliations, Leydig cell atrophy, germ cell degenerations, and spermatid retention in DEP-exposed testes sections. However, concomitant use of honey and DEP had shown a significant improvement in histopathological lesions, steroid hormone levels, and healthy sperm count. By these results, it is concluded that honey possessed antioxidant potential that can efficiently protect DEP-induced anomalies in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaman Ara
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Yaseen
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | | | - Muhammad Khan
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Andleeb
- Department of Zoology, University of Education, Bank Road Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nageena Ramzan
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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13
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Fedala A, Adjroud O, Abid-Essefi S, Timoumi R. Protective effects of selenium and zinc against potassium dichromate-induced thyroid disruption, oxidative stress, and DNA damage in pregnant Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:22563-22576. [PMID: 33423197 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (CrVI) is an environmental pollutant and an endocrine-disrupting metal. Se and Zn are essential trace elements, known to play a crucial role in thyroid homeostasis. However, there is a lack of data reporting thyrotoxicity during gestation. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of selenium and zinc against potassium dichromate-induced thyrotoxicity in pregnant Wistar rats. Thirty pregnant Wistar rats were divided into control and four treated groups receiving subcutaneously (s.c) on the 3rd day of pregnancy, K2Cr2O7 (10 mg/kg, s.c) alone, or in association with Se (0.3 mg/kg, s.c), ZnCl2 (20 mg/kg, s.c), or both of them simultaneously. The hormonal profile, oxidative stress biomarkers, DNA damage, and histological modifications were evaluated. Our main findings showed that K2Cr2O7 promoted hypothyroidism, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and histological alterations in the thyroid gland. The co-treatment with Se or ZnCl2 has mitigated K2Cr2O7-induced thyrotoxicity in pregnant Wistar rats by exhibiting antioxidant and genoprotective effects. However, the combined co-treatment of both of them was less thyroprotective, and therefore, further investigations on the synergetic interaction of Se and Zn against CrVI toxicity using different doses and exposure routes are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anfal Fedala
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiotoxicology-Biomolecules, Faculty of Science of Nature and Life, Department of Biology of Organisms, University of Batna 2, Fesdis, 5000, Batna, Algeria.
| | - Ounassa Adjroud
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiotoxicology-Biomolecules, Faculty of Science of Nature and Life, Department of Biology of Organisms, University of Batna 2, Fesdis, 5000, Batna, Algeria
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Rue Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Rim Timoumi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Rue Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
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Deygas F, Amadou A, Coudon T, Grassot L, Couvidat F, Bessagnet B, Faure E, Salizzoni P, Gulliver J, Caudeville J, Severi G, Mancini FR, Leffondré K, Fervers B, Praud D. Long-term atmospheric exposure to PCB153 and breast cancer risk in a case-control study nested in the French E3N cohort from 1990 to 2011. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110743. [PMID: 33450235 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the genetic and hormonal risk factors of breast cancer are well identified, they cannot fully explain the occurrence of all cases. Epidemiological and experimental studies have suggested that exposure to environmental pollutants, especially those with potential estrogenic properties, as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may have a role in breast cancer development. Being the most abundantly detected in human tissues and in the environment, congener 153 (PCB153) is widely used in epidemiological studies as indicator for total PCBs exposure. OBJECTIVES We aimed to estimate the association between cumulative atmospheric exposure to PCB153 and breast cancer risk. METHODS We conducted a case-control study of 5222 cases and 5222 matched controls nested within the French E3N cohort from 1990 to 2011. Annual atmospheric PCB153 concentrations were simulated with the deterministic chemistry-transport model (CHIMERE) and were assigned to women using their geocoded residential history. Their cumulative PCB153 exposure was calculated for each woman from their cohort inclusion to their index date. Breast cancer odds ratios (ORs) associated with cumulative PCB153 exposure and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated using multivariate conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS Overall, our results showed a statistically significant linear increase in breast cancer risk related to cumulative atmospheric exposure to PCB153 as a continuous variable (adjusted OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.08-1.31, for an increment of one standard deviation among controls (55 pg/m3)). Among women who became postmenopausal during follow-up, the association remained statistically significant (adjusted OR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.09-1.39). In analyses by hormone receptors status, the positive association remained significant only for ER-positive breast cancer (adjusted OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.05-1.33). DISCUSSION This study is the first to have estimated the impact of atmospheric exposure to PCB153 on breast cancer risk. Our results showed a statistically significant increase in breast cancer risk, which may be limited to ER-positive breast cancer. These results warrant confirmation in further independent studies but raise the possibility that exposure to PCB153 increase breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Deygas
- Department of Prevention, Cancer and Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Inserm U1296, "Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment", Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Amina Amadou
- Department of Prevention, Cancer and Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Inserm U1296, "Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment", Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Coudon
- Department of Prevention, Cancer and Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Inserm U1296, "Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment", Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Ecole Centrale de Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecully, France
| | - Lény Grassot
- Department of Prevention, Cancer and Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Inserm U1296, "Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment", Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Florian Couvidat
- National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risks (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Bertrand Bessagnet
- National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risks (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; Citepa, Technical Reference Center for Air Pollution and Climate Change, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Faure
- Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Team "Exposome and Heredity", Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Pietro Salizzoni
- Ecole Centrale de Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecully, France
| | - John Gulliver
- Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability, School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Julien Caudeville
- National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risks (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Team "Exposome and Heredity", Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications "G. Parenti", University of Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Mancini
- Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Team "Exposome and Heredity", Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
| | - Karen Leffondré
- University of Bordeaux, ISPED, Inserm U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Béatrice Fervers
- Department of Prevention, Cancer and Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Inserm U1296, "Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment", Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
| | - Delphine Praud
- Department of Prevention, Cancer and Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Inserm U1296, "Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment", Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
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15
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Saedi S, Shirazi MRJ, Zamiri MJ, Totonchi M, Dadpasand M, Sedaghati F. Impaired follicular development and endocrine disorders in female rats by prepubertal exposure to toxic doses of cadmium. Toxicol Ind Health 2021; 36:63-75. [PMID: 32279652 DOI: 10.1177/0748233720912060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) has been associated with several physiological problems including reproductive and endocrine system dysfunction resulting in temporary infertility. The principal objective of this project was to investigate the effects of prepubertal exposure to toxic doses of Cd on puberty onset, the endocrine system, and follicular development. For this purpose, 16 female Sprague-Dawley rats weaned on postnatal day (PND) 21 were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 4 per group). The treatments were as follows: 0, 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg/day of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) by oral gavage from PND 21 to observation of first vaginal opening (VO). The results demonstrated that prepubertal exposure to different doses of CdCl2 delays the age of VO, first diestrus, and first proestrus via altering the concentrations of estradiol and progesterone. The low level of these steroid hormones contributed to lower differentiation and maturation of follicles and it finally led to reduced ovarian reservoir of follicles and impaired follicular development. The number of atretic follicles and secondary follicles with premature cavity increased in rats that received a high dose of CdCl2, whereas the number of secondary follicles and corpora luteum decreased in the same circumstances. Taken together, these data suggest that prepubertal exposure to toxic doses of Cd delays the onset of puberty via disorderliness in the concentration of steroid hormones and reduces the ovarian reservoir of follicles, as well as folliculogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Saedi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Javad Zamiri
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Totonchi
- Department of Genetics, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Dadpasand
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sedaghati
- Department of Chemistry, Estahban Higher Education Center, Estahban, Iran
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16
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Ibrahim MAA, Elkaliny HH, Abd-Elsalam MM. Lycopene ameliorates the effect of Aroclor 1254 on morphology, proliferation, and angiogenesis of the thyroid gland in rat. Toxicology 2021; 452:152722. [PMID: 33592256 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Aroclor 1254 is a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls that are reported to disrupt thyroid hormone homeostasis, yet little is known on its effect on thyroid gland microarchitecture. Lycopene is a commonly used potent antioxidant. This study is a biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical assessment of the effect of Aroclor 1254 on the morphology, proliferation, and angiogenesis of the thyroid gland in rat and to evaluate the possible ameliorating role of lycopene. Twenty-four adult male albino rats were divided into 4 groups; Control, lycopene-treated (4 mg/kg/day orally for 30 days), Aroclor 1254-treated (2 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally for 30 days), and lycopene & Aroclor 1254-treated group. Serum thyroid hormones, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) were quantified. Thyroid specimens were processed for histological staining with hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, and Mallory's trichrome stains as well as immunohistochemical staining for detection of calcitonin, Ki67, and VEGF. In this study, Aroclor 1254-treated animals recorded a significant decline in both serum T3 and T4 coupled with a significant elevation in both TSH and tissue MDA. Histological sections showed small irregular follicles with the formation of hyperplastic and micro follicles. Some follicular and parafollicular cells depicted nuclear and cytoplasmic alterations associating with scanty or absent colloid in addition to signs of inflammation and fibrosis. A significant upregulation in the immunohistochemical expression of calcitonin, Ki67, and VEGF was recorded. Lycopene co-treatment successfully reinstated the values of most studied parameters and retrieved a near-control thyroid morphology. In conclusion, Aroclor 1254 impacted the thyroid hormone homeostasis, morphology, proliferation, and angiogenesis of the thyroid gland in rat, while lycopene efficiently ameliorated these adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A A Ibrahim
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.
| | - Heba H Elkaliny
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
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17
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Benvenga S, Micali A, Ieni A, Antonelli A, Fallahi P, Pallio G, Irrera N, Squadrito F, Picciolo G, Puzzolo D, Minutoli L. The Association of Myo-Inositol and Selenium Contrasts Cadmium-Induced Thyroid C Cell Hyperplasia and Hypertrophy in Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:608697. [PMID: 33716965 PMCID: PMC7949001 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.608697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that, in addition to inducing structural changes in thyroid follicles, cadmium (Cd) increased the number of C cells. We examined the effects of myo-inositol (MI), seleno-L-methionine (Se), MI + Se, and resveratrol on C cells of mice exposed to cadmium chloride (Cd Cl2), as no data are currently available on the possible protective effects of these molecules. In contrast, we have previously shown this protective effect against CdCl2 on the thyroid follicles of mice. Ninety-eight C57 BL/6J adult male mice were divided into 14 groups of seven mice each: (i) 0.9% NaCl (vehicle; 1 ml/kg/day i.p.); (ii) Se (0.2 mg/kg/day per os); (iii) Se (0.4 mg/kg/day per os); (iv) MI (360 mg/kg/day per os); (v) Se (0.2 mg/kg/day) + MI; (vi) Se (0.4 mg/kg/day) + MI; (vii) resveratrol (20 mg/kg); (viii) CdCl2 (2 mg/kg/day i.p.) + vehicle; (ix) CdCl2 + Se (0.2 mg/kg/day); (x) CdCl2 + Se (0.4 mg/kg/day); (xi) CdCl2 + MI; (xii) CdCl2 + Se (0.2 mg/kg/day) + MI; (xiii) CdCl2 + Se (0.4 mg/kg/day) + MI; (xiv) CdCl2 + resveratrol (20 mg/kg). After 14 days, thyroids were processed for histological, immunohistochemical, and morphometric evaluation. Compared to vehicle, Cd significantly decreased follicle mean diameter, increased CT-positive cells number, area and cytoplasmic density, and caused the disappearance of TUNEL-positive C cells, namely, the disappearance of C cells undergoing apoptosis. Se at either 0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg/day failed to significantly increase follicular mean diameter, mildly decreased CT-positive cells number, area and cytoplasmic density, and was ineffective on TUNEL-positive C cells. Instead, MI alone increased significantly follicular mean diameter and TUNEL-positive cells number, and decreased significantly CT-positive cells number, area and cytoplasmic density. MI + Se 0.2 mg/kg/day or MI + Se 0.4 mg/kg/day administration improved all five indices more markedly. Indeed, follicular mean diameter and TUNEL-positive cells number increased significantly, while CT-positive cells number, area and cytoplasmic density decreased significantly. Thus, all five indices overlapped those observed in vehicle-treated mice. Resveratrol improved significantly all the considered parameters, with a magnitude comparable to that of MI alone. In conclusion, the association Myo + Se is effective in protecting the mouse thyroid from the Cd-induced hyperplasia and hypertrophy of C cells. This benefit adds to that exerted by Myo + Se on thyrocytes and testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Benvenga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Micali
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Ieni
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pallio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giovanni Pallio,
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Picciolo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Puzzolo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Letteria Minutoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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18
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Redox and essential metal status in the brain of Wistar rats acutely exposed to a cadmium and lead mixture. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2020; 71:197-204. [PMID: 33074172 PMCID: PMC7968497 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Most Pb and Cd neurotoxicity studies investigate exposure to either of the toxic metals alone, while data on co-exposure are scarce. The aim of our study was to fill that gap by investigating acute combined effects of Pb and Cd on redox and essential metal status in the brain of Wistar rats. Animals were randomised in four groups of six to eight rats, which received 15 or 30 mg/kg of Cd, 150 mg/kg of Pb, or 150 mg/kg of Pb + 15 mg/kg of Cd by gavage. The fifth, control, group received distilled water only. Co-treatment with Pb and Cd induced significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) compared to control and groups receiving either metal alone. This is of special importance, as MDA presence in the brain has been implicated in many neurodegenerative disorders. The groups did not significantly differ in Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe brain levels. Our findings highlight the importance of metal mixture studies. Neurotoxicity assessments of single chemicals do not provide a real insight into exposure to mixtures in real life. Further research should look into interactions between these metals to reveal complex molecular mechanisms of their neurotoxicity.
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19
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Yao F, Wu J, Ru H, Li Y, Wu L, Ni Z, Chen D, Zhong L. Thyroid disruption and developmental toxicity caused by Cd 2+ in Schizopygopsis younghusbandi larvae. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 235:108783. [PMID: 32344129 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the adverse effects of cadmium (Cd2+) on aquatic systems have attracted much attention because Cd2+ can induce endocrine disorders and toxicity in aquatic organisms at low levels. However, its effects on the thyroid system in native fish in Lhasa are still unclear. In the present study, Schizopygopsis younghusbandi larvae were exposed to Cd2+ (0.25, 2.5, 25 or 250 μg/L) for 7 or 14 days to determine its toxic effects on thyroid function. The results showed that whole-body total T4 and T3 levels were significantly decreased, which was accompanied by the significant upregulation of the expression of the dio1 and dio2 genes after exposure to Cd2+ for 7 or 14 days. Genes related to thyroid hormone synthesis (crh and tshβ) were upregulated after both 7 and 14 days of Cd2+ exposure, possibly due to the negative feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis caused by a decrease in thyroid hormone. In addition, survival rates and body lengths were reduced after treatment with Cd2+. This suggests that Cd2+ caused developmental toxicity in Schizopygopsis younghusbandi larvae. An integrated assessment of biomarker response (IBR) showed that there were dose-dependent and time-dependent effects of Cd2+ exposure on Schizopygopsis younghusbandi larvae. Schizopygopsis younghusbandi larvae were sensitive to Cd2+, which caused adverse effects at a concentration as low as 2.5 μg/L. In summary, the results indicated that Cd2+ causes thyroid disruption and developmental toxicity in Schizopygopsis younghusbandi larvae and that wild Schizopygopsis younghusbandi larvae living in the Lhasa River are at potential ecological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yao
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinping Wu
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Huijun Ru
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Luyin Wu
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Zhaohui Ni
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Daqing Chen
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China.
| | - Liqiao Zhong
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China.
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Buha A, Đukić-Ćosić D, Ćurčić M, Bulat Z, Antonijević B, Moulis JM, Goumenou M, Wallace D. Emerging Links between Cadmium Exposure and Insulin Resistance: Human, Animal, and Cell Study Data. TOXICS 2020; 8:E63. [PMID: 32867022 PMCID: PMC7560347 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has helped clarify the role of cadmium (Cd) in various pathological states. We have demonstrated Cd involvement in pancreatic cancer, as well as the bioaccumulation of Cd in the pancreas. Bioaccumulation and increased toxicity suggest that Cd may also be involved in other pancreas-mediated diseases, like diabetes. Cd falls into the category of "hyperglycemic" metals, i.e., metals that increase blood glucose levels, which could be due to increased gluconeogenesis, damage to β-cells leading to reduced insulin production, or insulin resistance at target tissue resulting in a lack of glucose uptake. This review addresses the current evidence for the role of Cd, leading to insulin resistance from human, animal, and in vitro studies. Available data have shown that Cd may affect normal insulin function through multiple pathways. There is evidence that Cd exposure results in the perturbation of the enzymes and modulatory proteins involved in insulin signal transduction at the target tissue and mutations of the insulin receptor. Cd, through well-described mechanisms of oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial damage, may also alter insulin production in β-cells. More work is necessary to elucidate the mechanisms associated with Cd-mediated insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Buha
- Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.Đ.-Ć.); (M.Ć.); (Z.B.); (B.A.)
| | - Danijela Đukić-Ćosić
- Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.Đ.-Ć.); (M.Ć.); (Z.B.); (B.A.)
| | - Marijana Ćurčić
- Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.Đ.-Ć.); (M.Ć.); (Z.B.); (B.A.)
| | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.Đ.-Ć.); (M.Ć.); (Z.B.); (B.A.)
| | - Biljana Antonijević
- Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.Đ.-Ć.); (M.Ć.); (Z.B.); (B.A.)
| | - Jean-Marc Moulis
- Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission—Fundamental Research Division—Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble (CEA-IRIG), University of Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France;
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1055, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marina Goumenou
- Centre of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
- General Chemical State Laboratory of Greek Republic, 71202 Heraklion, Greece
| | - David Wallace
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK 74107, USA;
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21
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Fathoming the link between anthropogenic chemical contamination and thyroid cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 150:102950. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.102950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Wang L, Zheng M, Wang Y, Yuan L, Yu C, Cui J, Zhang S. Activation of integrated stress response and disordered iron homeostasis upon combined exposure to cadmium and PCB77. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 389:121833. [PMID: 31837937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Both cadmium and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can induce diverse detrimental effects on human health. Though these compounds co-exist in various environmental contexts and in the human body, studies on their joint toxicities are limited. Activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) and iron homeostasis are crucial for erythropoiesis. The impact of cadmium and PCBs on the ISR activation and iron homeostasis of erythroid progenitors is unknown. We investigated the adverse effects and mechanisms of CdCl2 and PCB77 on HEL cells, a human cell model of erythroid progenitors. We found that at high concentrations of CdCl2 and PCB77, cytotoxicity and apoptosis of HEL cells were mainly induced by CdCl2. At low concentrations of CdCl2 and PCB77, iron homeostasis inside HEL cells was disturbed by both of these two compounds. Both CdCl2 and PCB77 activated ISR to combat stress, which at high concentration was mainly induced by ROS, leading to apoptosis, and at low concentration was partly induced by disordered iron homeostasis. The patterns of ISR activation and iron homeostasis disorder were different between CdCl2 and PCB77. Their combined exposure exhibited synergetic effect on activating ISR but antagonistic effect on disturbing iron homeostasis. Our study demonstrates some previously unrecognized harmful characteristics and mechanisms of cadmium and PCB77.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Pollution Prevention Biotechnology Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Miaomiao Zheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Pollution Prevention Biotechnology Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Yingxue Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Pollution Prevention Biotechnology Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Clinical Lab, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, 264400, China
| | - Chengyong Yu
- Clinical Lab, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, 264400, China
| | - Jiansheng Cui
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Pollution Prevention Biotechnology Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China.
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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23
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Benvenga S, Marini HR, Micali A, Freni J, Pallio G, Irrera N, Squadrito F, Altavilla D, Antonelli A, Ferrari SM, Fallahi P, Puzzolo D, Minutoli L. Protective Effects of Myo-Inositol and Selenium on Cadmium-Induced Thyroid Toxicity in Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051222. [PMID: 32357526 PMCID: PMC7282027 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) damages the thyroid gland. We evaluated the effects of myo-inositol (MI), seleno-L-methionine (Se) or their combination on the thyroids of mice simultaneously administered with Cd chloride (CdCl2). Eighty-four male mice were divided into 12 groups (seven mice each). Six groups (controls) were treated with 0.9% NaCl (vehicle), Se (0.2 mg/kg/day), Se (0.4 mg/kg/day), MI (360 mg/kg/day), MI+Se (0.2 mg/kg) and MI+Se (0.4 mg/kg). The other six groups were treated with CdCl2 (2 mg/kg), CdCl2+MI, CdCl2+Se (0.2 mg/kg), CdCl2+Se (0.4 mg/kg), CdCl2+MI+Se (0.2 mg/kg) and CdCl2+MI+Se (0.4 mg/kg). An additional group of CdCl2-challenged animals (n= 7) was treated with resveratrol (20 mg/kg), an effective and potent antioxidant. All treatments lasted 14 days. After sacrifice, the thyroids were evaluated histologically and immunohistochemically. CdCl2 reduced the follicular area, increased the epithelial height, stroma, and cells expressing monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10). CdCl2+Se at 0.2/0.4 mg/kg insignificantly reversed the follicular and stromal structure, and significantly decreased the number of MCP-1 and CXCL10-positive cells. CdCl2+MI significantly reversed the thyroid structure and further decreased the number of MCP-1 and CXCL10-positive cells. CdCl2+MI+Se, at both doses, brought all indices to those of CdCl2-untreated mice. MI, particularly in association with Se, defends mice from Cd-induced damage. The efficacy of this combination was greater than that of resveratrol, at least when using the follicular structure as a read-out for a comparison. We suggest that the use of these nutraceuticals, more specifically the combination of MI plus SE, can protect the thyroid of Cd-exposed subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Benvenga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (S.B.); (H.R.M.); (G.P.); (N.I.); (F.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Herbert R. Marini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (S.B.); (H.R.M.); (G.P.); (N.I.); (F.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Antonio Micali
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (J.F.); (D.A.); (D.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-692427; Fax: +39-090-2213630
| | - Jose Freni
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (J.F.); (D.A.); (D.P.)
| | - Giovanni Pallio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (S.B.); (H.R.M.); (G.P.); (N.I.); (F.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (S.B.); (H.R.M.); (G.P.); (N.I.); (F.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (S.B.); (H.R.M.); (G.P.); (N.I.); (F.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Domenica Altavilla
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (J.F.); (D.A.); (D.P.)
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.A.); (S.M.F.); (P.F.)
| | - Silvia Martina Ferrari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.A.); (S.M.F.); (P.F.)
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.A.); (S.M.F.); (P.F.)
| | - Domenico Puzzolo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (J.F.); (D.A.); (D.P.)
| | - Letteria Minutoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (S.B.); (H.R.M.); (G.P.); (N.I.); (F.S.); (L.M.)
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Buha Djordjevic A, Antonijevic E, Curcic M, Milovanovic V, Antonijevic B. Endocrine-disrupting mechanisms of polychlorinated biphenyls. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Baralić K, Buha Djordjevic A, Živančević K, Antonijević E, Anđelković M, Javorac D, Ćurčić M, Bulat Z, Antonijević B, Đukić-Ćosić D. Toxic Effects of the Mixture of Phthalates and Bisphenol A-Subacute Oral Toxicity Study in Wistar Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E746. [PMID: 31979393 PMCID: PMC7037109 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates and bisphenol A, classified as endocrine disruptors, have weak estrogenic, anti-androgenic properties, and affect thyroid hormone regulation. The aim of this study on male rats was to compare the subacute toxic effects of low doses of single compounds (bis (2 -ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and bisphenol A (BPA)) with the effects of their mixture through different biochemical, hormonal, and hematological parameters. Rats were divided into five experimental groups: Control (corn oil), DEHP (50 mg/kg b.w./day), DBP (50 mg/kg b.w./day), BPA (25 mg/kg b.w./day), and MIX (50 mg/kg b.w./day DEHP + 50 mg/kg b.w/day DBP + 25 mg/kg b.w./day BPA). Animals were sacrificed after 28 days of oral treatment and blood was collected for further analysis. The results demonstrated that the mixture produced significant changes in lipid profile, liver-related biochemical parameters, and glucose level. Furthermore, the opposite effects of single substances on the thyroxine level have been shown in comparison with the mixture, as well as a more pronounced effect of the mixture on testosterone level. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on the toxicology of mixtures and gives one more evidence of the paramount importance of mixture toxicity studies, especially in assessing the endocrine disruptive effects of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Baralić
- Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, University of Belgrade—Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.B.D.); (K.Ž.); (E.A.); (M.A.); (D.J.); (M.Ć.); (Z.B.); (B.A.); (D.Đ.-Ć.)
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Thyroid-Disrupting Activities of Groundwater from a Riverbank Filtration System in Wuchang City, China: Seasonal Distribution and Human Health Risk Assessment. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/2437082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The recombinant thyroid hormone receptor (TR) gene yeast assay was used to evaluate thyroid disruption caused by groundwater from the riverbank filtration (RBF) system in Wuchang City, China. To investigate seasonal fluctuations, groundwater was collected during three seasons. Although no TR agonistic activity was found, many water samples exhibited TR antagonistic activity. The bioassay-derived amiodarone hydrochloride (AH) equivalents ranged from 2.99 to 274.40 μg/L. Water samples collected from the riverbank filtration system during the dry season had higher TR antagonistic activity. All samples presented adverse 3,3′,5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) equivalent levels, ranging from −2.00 to −2.12 μg/kg. Following exposure to water samples with substantial TR antagonist activity, predicted hormonal changes in humans of different gender and age ranged from 0.65 to 1.48 μg/kg of T3, being 47% to 231% of normal. No obvious difference was found between genders or among age groups. Overall, the results revealed that the RBF system could remove the thyroid-disrupting chemicals in the river water to some extent. Considering the varying degrees of risk to human health, further treatment is needed to remove the potential thyroid-disrupting chemicals in pumping water after riverbank filtration to ensure drinking water safety.
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27
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Wen X, Xiong Y, Jin L, Zhang M, Huang L, Mao Y, Zhou C, Qiao Y, Zhang Y. Bisphenol A Exposure Enhances Endometrial Stromal Cell Invasion and Has a Positive Association with Peritoneal Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:704-712. [PMID: 32046440 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-019-00076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Results of previous epidemiology studies on BPA exposure and endometriosis (EMs) risk were inconsistent, and were limited by inappropriate control selection, incorrect BPA detection method, and the generalization of different subtypes of EMs. Upregulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and MMP9 are involved in the development of EMs. We conducted a case-control study among 120 EMs patients and 100 healthy women to evaluate the relationships between BPA exposure and MMP2, MMP9 expressions, and the risk of EMs subtypes. Besides, we used human endometrial stromal cell lines (HESCs) to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Creatinine-adjusted urinary BPA concentrations were positively correlated with serum MMP2, MMP9 levels, and the risk of peritoneal EMs (third vs lowest quartile: OR 4.92, 95% CI 1.47, 16.50; fourth versus lowest quartile: OR 3.70, 95% CI 1.07, 12.74, Ptrend = 0.030). The risk of peritoneal EMs increased approximately tenfold when creatinine-adjusted urinary BPA concentration was 2 μg/g. In vitro study found that BPA exposure increased MMP2, MMP9 expressions in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of BPA on HESCs could be blocked by G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) inhibitor or mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) inhibitor. This study provides evidence that BPA exposure promotes peritoneal EMs, and raises a concern about the potential toxicity of BPA on the female reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Xiong
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Jin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Huang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Mao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Qiao
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhen Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Baralić K, Javorac D, Antonijević E, Buha-Đorđević A, Ćurčić M, Đukić-Ćosić D, Bulat Z, Antonijević B. Relevance and evaluation of the benchmark dose in toxicology. ARHIV ZA FARMACIJU 2020. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm2003130b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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29
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Aslam SN, Huber C, Asimakopoulos AG, Steinnes E, Mikkelsen Ø. Trace elements and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in terrestrial compartments of Svalbard, Norwegian Arctic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 685:1127-1138. [PMID: 31390703 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite being a remote location, the Arctic is a major receptor for anthropogenic pollution transported from the mid-latitudes. Vegetation and underlying organic soils in the Norwegian Arctic, Svalbard were used to study the occurrences of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and trace elements. In this study, current concentrations of PCBs and trace elements, namely, Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, S, Sb, U and Zn in the terrestrial compartments of Svalbard are presented. Samples were collected from Adventdalen near Longyearbyen and from areas in proximity to Ny-Ålesund. There was significant variability in soil organic matter (SOM) among the soils analysed (5.0%-72.1%), with the highest values detected in Ny-Ålesund. The concentrations of Al, As, Cr Cu, Fe, Pb and Ni were associated with the geology of the local bedrock. The concentrations of all elements, except for Cd, Hg and Zn, were higher in soils than those in the overlying vegetation layers. Mean concentrations of ∑PCBs were significantly higher in vegetation (6.90 ± 0.81 ng g-1 dw) than the underlying organic soils (3.70 ± 0.36 ng g-1 dw). An inverse correlation of PCBs with the elements originating from the local bedrock indicated that their concentrations were potentially impacted by atmospheric deposition. PCBs and Cd were strongly associated, proposing a potential concomitant source of origin in Svalbard. Concentrations of PCBs and trace elements measured herein were below the proposed guidelines for Norwegian soil quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia N Aslam
- Department of Chemistry, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway.
| | - Carolin Huber
- Department of Chemistry, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | | | - Eiliv Steinnes
- Department of Chemistry, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Øyvind Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
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Critical assessment and integration of separate lines of evidence for risk assessment of chemical mixtures. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:2741-2757. [PMID: 31520250 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to multiple chemicals on a daily basis instead of to just a single chemical, yet the majority of existing toxicity data comes from single-chemical exposure. Multiple factors must be considered such as the route, concentration, duration, and the timing of exposure when determining toxicity to the organism. The need for adequate model systems (in vivo, in vitro, in silico and mathematical) is paramount for better understanding of chemical mixture toxicity. Currently, shortcomings plague each model system as investigators struggle to find the appropriate balance of rigor, reproducibility and appropriateness in mixture toxicity studies. Significant questions exist when comparing single-to mixture-chemical toxicity concerning additivity, synergism, potentiation, or antagonism. Dose/concentration relevance is a major consideration and should be subthreshold for better accuracy in toxicity assessment. Previous work was limited by the technology and methodology of the time, but recent advances have resulted in significant progress in the study of mixture toxicology. Novel technologies have added insight to data obtained from in vivo studies for predictive toxicity testing. These include new in vitro models: omics-related tools, organs-on-a-chip and 3D cell culture, and in silico methods. Taken together, all these modern methodologies improve the understanding of the multiple toxicity pathways associated with adverse outcomes (e.g., adverse outcome pathways), thus allowing investigators to better predict risks linked to exposure to chemical mixtures. As technology and knowledge advance, our ability to harness and integrate separate streams of evidence regarding outcomes associated with chemical mixture exposure improves. As many national and international organizations are currently stressing, studies on chemical mixture toxicity are of primary importance.
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Buha A, Jugdaohsingh R, Matovic V, Bulat Z, Antonijevic B, Kerns JG, Goodship A, Hart A, Powell JJ. Bone mineral health is sensitively related to environmental cadmium exposure- experimental and human data. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 176:108539. [PMID: 31247431 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to cadmium (Cd) is recognised as one of the risk factors for osteoporosis, although critical exposure levels and exact mechanisms are still unknown. Here, we first confirmed that in male Wistar rats challenged orally with 6 different levels of Cd (0.3-10 mg/kg b.w.), over 28 days, there was a direct dose relationship to bone Cd concentration. Moreover, bone mineral content was significantly diminished by ∼15% (p < 0.0001) plateauing already at the lowest exposure level. For the other essential bone elements zinc (Zn) loss was most marked. Having established the sensitive metrics (measures of Cd exposure), we then applied them to 20 randomly selected human femoral head bone samples from 16 independent subjects. Bone Cd concentration was inversely proportional to trabecular bone mineral density and mineral (calcium) content and Zn content of bone, but not the donor's age. Our findings, through direct bone analyses, support the emerging epidemiological view that bone health, adjudged by mineral density, is extremely sensitive to even background levels of environmental Cd. Importantly, however, our data also suggest that Cd may play an even greater role in compromised bone health than prior indirect estimates of exposure could reveal. Environmental Cd may be a substantially determining factor in osteoporosis and large cohort studies with direct bone analyses are now merited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Buha
- Department of Toxicology, Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ravin Jugdaohsingh
- Biomineral Research, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Vesna Matovic
- Department of Toxicology, Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology, Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Antonijevic
- Department of Toxicology, Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jemma G Kerns
- Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Allen Goodship
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science UCL, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, London, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Alister Hart
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science UCL, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, London, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Jonathan J Powell
- Biomineral Research, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
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Wen X, Xiong Y, Qu X, Jin L, Zhou C, Zhang M, Zhang Y. The risk of endometriosis after exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals: a meta-analysis of 30 epidemiology studies. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35:645-650. [PMID: 30907174 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2019.1590546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are suspected to be associated with endometriosis (EMs). This study aimed to synthesize published data and evaluate the relationship between four classic EDCs exposure and the risk of EMs. A systematic literature search for original peer reviewed papers was performed in the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science based on inclusion criteria up to January 2018. Subsequently, a total of 20 papers conducting 30 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in this meta-analysis (four studies for bisphenol A (BPA), 12 studies for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), eight studies for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and six studies for phthalate esters (PAEs)). The overall odds ratio (OR) across all exposures and EMs was 1.41 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23-1.60). When assessing four specific chemicals, respectively, consistent increases in the risk of EMs were found in PCBs group (OR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.18-2.12), OCPs group (OR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.02-1.92) and PAEs group (OR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.00-1.60), while BPA showed no significant association with EMs. Besides, in the di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) group - the most commonly used PAEs, significant risk was also found (OR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.19-1.70). The current meta-analysis strengthens the evidence that specific EDCs or their metabolites may promote the occurrence of EMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wen
- a Center of Reproductive Medicine , Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , P. R. China
| | - Yao Xiong
- a Center of Reproductive Medicine , Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , P. R. China
| | - Xinlan Qu
- a Center of Reproductive Medicine , Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , P. R. China
| | - Ling Jin
- a Center of Reproductive Medicine , Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , P. R. China
| | - Chun Zhou
- a Center of Reproductive Medicine , Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- a Center of Reproductive Medicine , Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhen Zhang
- a Center of Reproductive Medicine , Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , P. R. China
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Wallace DR, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis A, Schweitzer A, Djordjevic V, Djordjevic AB. Potential interaction of cadmium chloride with pancreatic mitochondria: Implications for pancreatic cancer. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:145-156. [PMID: 31115542 PMCID: PMC6559323 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is insidious with a high mortality rate due to the lack of symptomology prior to diagnosis. Mitochondrial involvement in PC development is becoming accepted, and exposure to cadmium (Cd) is suspected of being a risk factor for the development of PC; however, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. In this study, we examined the role of Cd as a mitochondrial toxicant and whether alterations in mitochondrial function may be an underlying cause for the development of PC. In this study, cadmium chloride (CdCl2)‑mediated toxicity in hTERT‑HPNE and AsPC‑1 pancreatic cell lines was determined by MTT assay. We also investigated the release of LDH and the generation of free radicals. Mitochondrial toxicity assays were performed in media containing glucose (25 mM) or galactose (10 mM) and following exposure to CdCl2 (0‑100 µM) followed by MTT assay. For the confirmation of mitochondrial toxicity, we measured the release of ATP following exposure to CdCl2. Initial experiments confirmed that exposure to CdCl2 did not reduce the viability of either cell line until a concentration of >10 µM was used. Non‑linear analysis of the response curves revealed lethal concentration 50% (LC50) values for CdCl2 in the HPNE cells of 77 µM compared to 42 µM in the AsPC‑1 cells (P<0.01). The CdCl2‑mediated mitochondrial toxic effects were greater in the HPNE cells, suggesting a heightened sensitivity to the effects of CdCl2, not due to elevated oxidative stress. Increased mitochondrial toxic sensitivity was indicated by a 73.4% reduction in IC50 values in the HPNE cells cultured in galactose compared to culture in glucose media, whereas the AsPC‑1 cells exhibited a 58.8% reduction in IC50 values. In addition, the higher concentration of CdCl2 elicited a significant cell‑dependent effect on ATP release in both cell lines, suggestive of CdCl2 being a mitochondrial toxicant. Cell survival was unaffected following exposure to low concentrations of CdCl2; however, exposure did alter mitochondrial function (control cells > tumor cells). Therefore, the findings of this study indicate that the mitochondria may be a site of action for cadmium in promoting tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Wallace
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK 74107-1898
- Oklahoma State University, Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, Stillwater, OK 74078-2003, USA
| | | | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Toxicology and Forensics, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Amie Schweitzer
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK 74107-1898
- Oklahoma State University, Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, Stillwater, OK 74078-2003, USA
| | | | - Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic
- Department of Toxicology 'Akademik Danilo Soldatović', Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Seif MM, Madboli AN, Marrez DA, Aboulthana WM. Hepato-Renal protective Effects of Egyptian Purslane Extract against Experimental Cadmium Toxicity in Rats with Special Emphasis on the Functional and Histopathological Changes. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:625-631. [PMID: 31367527 PMCID: PMC6650623 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was designed to clarify the hapato-nephroprotective effects of purslane ethanolic extract (PEE) against cadmium toxicity. Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal. Cd occurs as environmental and food/ feed contamination causing public and animals health hazards. Liver and kidney are the main target organs for acute and chronic cadmium toxicity. Portulaca oleracea is rich in several vitamins, minerals, antioxidant components, and omega-3 fatty acids mainly α-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. Results showed significant elevation of the liver and kidney functions, lipid profile and lipid peroxidation. In contrast to the antioxidants enzymatic were greatly decreased. The hepatic and renal tissues showed severe degeneration and necrosis accompanied by severe congestion and multifocal hemorrhages in Cd intoxicated rats. All parameters and tissues showed no changes in rates-treated with both Cd and purslane extract as compared with the control rats. The administration of PEE provided a significantly protection against Cd-induced hepato-nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Seif
- Department of Toxicology and Food Contaminants, National Research Centre, 33 Elbohoth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Naser Madboli
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, National Research Centre, 33 Elbohoth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Diaa A. Marrez
- Department of Toxicology and Food Contaminants, National Research Centre, 33 Elbohoth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wael M.K. Aboulthana
- Department of Biochemistry, National Research Centre, 33 Elbohoth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Adverse and hormetic effects in rats exposed for 12 months to low dose mixture of 13 chemicals: RLRS part III. Toxicol Lett 2019; 310:70-91. [PMID: 30999039 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of a mixture of thirteen common chemicals on rats, after a one-year exposure to doses around the acceptable daily intake (ADIs), using blood and urinary tests. The influence of low doses of the mixture on weight gain, water consumption, feed consumption and feed efficiency, biochemistry parameters, haematological parameters, blood lymphocytes subsets, serum inflammation profile and urine parameters was evaluated. Our mixture caused a moderate monotonic increase of the males' appetite and a non-monotonic increase of anabolism and a monotonic increase of appetite for the females. Regarding biochemical parameters, the exposure to the test mixture caused non-monotonic increases of AST and ALT, a decrease of PChE in males and plausibly a monotonic biliary obstruction in both sexes. Monocytes significantly increased in low dose groups of both sexes. A significant decrease of all the lymphocytes subclasses and an increased expression of TNF-α protein associated with an increased expression of IFN-γ protein observed in various groups. It became apparent that after twelve months of exposure very low doses of the tested mixture had both non-monotonic and monotonic harmful effects on different levels on rats.
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Renieri EA, Goumenou M, Kardonsky DA, Veselov VV, Alegakis AΚ, Buha A, Tzatzarakis MN, Nosyrev AE, Rakitskii VN, Kentouri M, Tsatsakis A. Indicator PCBs in farmed and wild fish in Greece - Risk assessment for the Greek population. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 127:260-269. [PMID: 30898530 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Health benefits of fish consumption could be counterbalanced by the intake of contaminants after long term fish consumption, burdened even in trace levels. The presence of the indicator PCBs (NDL-PCBs and PCB 118) in farmed and wild seabream and seabass was evaluated. For the determination of PCB, a GC-MS method was developed and evaluated. The association of PCB accumulation in fish with seasonality, locality, production mode and species was also investigated. A new approach for the risk characterisation after exposure to NDL-PCB through fish consumption in Greece was developed, based on the real exposure and the permitted maximum levels of both aggregated dietary exposure and exposure through fish consumption. PCB levels determined in fish were below established permitted limits (6.24 ng/g 95th percentile), while PCB levels and congener distribution varied significantly between farmed and wild fish (p = 0.001). Seasonality was highlighted as an important factor affecting NDL-PCBs accumulation, with high levels coinciding with the reproduction period of each species. Differences were also depicted for sampling sites, with PCB 118 presenting significantly higher values in open seas while NDL-PCB congeners in closed seas. Risk assessment of NDL-PCB intake through fish consumption corrected for the aggregated exposure revealed no risk for the consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet A Renieri
- Centre of Toxicology Science and Research, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Crete, Greece.
| | - Marina Goumenou
- Centre of Toxicology Science and Research, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Crete, Greece
| | - Dmitry A Kardonsky
- Center of Bioanalytical Research and Molecular Design, FSAEI HE I.M. Sechenov First MSMU MOH Russia, Sechenov University, Russia
| | - Valery V Veselov
- Center of Bioanalytical Research and Molecular Design, FSAEI HE I.M. Sechenov First MSMU MOH Russia, Sechenov University, Russia
| | - Athanasios Κ Alegakis
- Centre of Toxicology Science and Research, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Crete, Greece
| | - Aleksandra Buha
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatovic", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Centre of Toxicology Science and Research, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Crete, Greece
| | - Alexander E Nosyrev
- Center of Bioanalytical Research and Molecular Design, FSAEI HE I.M. Sechenov First MSMU MOH Russia, Sechenov University, Russia
| | - Valerii N Rakitskii
- FBES, FSCH Named after F.F. Erisman» of the Rospotrebnadzor, Mytishchi, Russia
| | | | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Centre of Toxicology Science and Research, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Crete, Greece
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Badr GM, Elsawy H, Sedky A, Eid R, Ali A, Abdallah BM, Alzahrani AM, Abdel-Moneim AM. Protective effects of quercetin supplementation against short-term toxicity of cadmium-induced hematological impairment, hypothyroidism, and testicular disturbances in albino rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:8202-8211. [PMID: 30697654 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04276-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the probable protective effect of quercetin (QUE) against cadmium (Cd)-induced sub-chronic toxicity in rats. Adult male rats were given either Cd (as cadmium chloride; 5 mg/kg) alone or in combination with QUE (50 mg/kg) daily for 4 weeks by oral gavage. At the end of the experimental period, Cd accumulation, and selected hematological, thyroid, and reproductive markers were assessed. Results revealed that Cd treatment significantly increased Cd concentrations in blood, thyroid gland, and testicular tissue of rats. Cd also caused a decline in hemoglobin content, hematocrit value, and total erythrocyte and leucocyte counts. Further, significant suppressions in the blood levels of hormones related to thyroid gland function, and male reproductive hormones (i.e., testosterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone), were observed in Cd-treated rats compared to the control. In parallel, low sperm count and sperm motility, increased sperm abnormalities, and marked pathology occurred in testis. Combination with QUE recorded amelioration of the deleterious effects of Cd, involving regulation of hematological toxicity and thyroid hormonal levels and subsequently modulation of testicular function. In conclusion, it appears that dietary QUE can rescue from Cd-induced hematological dysfunctions and testicular damage by reversing the hypothyroid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehan M Badr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hany Elsawy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Azza Sedky
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rania Eid
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Awatef Ali
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Basem M Abdallah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Endocrine Research (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Abdullah M Alzahrani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf M Abdel-Moneim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Zidane M, Ren Y, Xhaard C, Leufroy A, Côte S, Dewailly E, Noël L, Guérin T, Bouisset P, Bernagout S, Paaoafaite J, Iltis J, Taquet M, Suhas E, Rachédi F, Boissin JL, Sebbag J, Shan L, Bost-Bezeaud F, Petitdidier P, Rubino C, Gardon J, de Vathaire F. Non-Essential Trace Elements Dietary Exposure in French Polynesia: Intake Assessment, Nail Bio Monitoring and Thyroid
Cancer Risk. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:355-367. [PMID: 30803193 PMCID: PMC6897028 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.2.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In French Polynesia, thyroid cancer mortality and incidence is reported to be the highest in the world. Excessive levels of non-essential trace elements (nETE) in the body are associated with several types of cancer. Objective: The present study aims to provide quantitative information on food contamination by mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) in French Polynesia and its potential correlation with measurements performed in fingernails of Polynesians, and then to investigate the potential association between these nETE and different thyroid cancer risks. Methods: The study population included 229 interviewed cases and 373 interviewed controls We performed a descriptive analysis of Polynesian food and examined the association between thyroid cancer risk and daily intake levels of nETE and with fingernail nETE levels. Results: Hg contamination was mainly present in sea products, Pb contamination was present in almost all samples, Cd was detectable in starchy food and As was detectable in all sea products. No patient exceeded dietary contamination WHO limits for Pb, 2 participants exceeded it for Hg and 3 individuals (0.5%) for cadmium. In fingernail clippings, the most detectable pollutant was Pb (553 participants), then Hg (543 participants) then Cd (only in 130 participants). Thyroid cancer risk was increased more than 4 times by Pb daily intake in patients with a history of cancer in first-degree relatives than in ones without (p for interaction =0.01), and 2 times more in women with more than 3 pregnancies than in those with none or less (p for interaction =0.005); it was also increased following As intake by more than 30% in patients with a history of cancer in first-degree relatives than in ones without (p for interaction =0.05). Conclusion: Locally produced foods are not a source of nETE exposure in French Polynesia. Dieatry nETE exposure and fingernail nETE concentration are not associated to differentiated thyroid cancer risk. No correlation found between nETE dietary exposure and fingernail nETE concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monia Zidane
- Radiation Epidemiology Group, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), UMR 1018 Inserm, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Medicine, University Paris Sud 11, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
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Kong D, Liu Y, Zuo R, Li J. DnBP-induced thyroid disrupting activities in GH3 cells via integrin α vβ 3 and ERK1/2 activation. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 212:1058-1066. [PMID: 30286535 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Di-n-butylphthalate (DnBP) exhibits alarming thyroid disrupting activities. However, the toxic mechanism of DnBP is not completely understood. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of DnBP in thyroid disruption. Rat pituitary tumor cell lines (GH3) were treated with DnBP in different scenarios, and cell viabilities, target gene transcriptions and protein levels were measured accordingly. The results showed that after treatment with DnBP (20 μmol/L), cell proliferation increased to 114.69% (p < 0.01) and c-fos gene was up-regulated by 1.57-fold (p < 0.01). Both nuclear thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ) and membrane TR (integrin αv and integrin β3) genes were up-regulated by 1.31-, 1.08- and 2.39-fold (p < 0.01), respectively, the latter was inhibited by Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides; the macromolecular DnBP-BSA was unable to bind nuclear TRs, but still promoted cell proliferation to 104.18% and up-regulated c-fos by 2.99-fold (p < 0.01); after silencing TRβ gene, cell proliferation (106.64%, p < 0.05) and up-regulation of c-fos (1.23-fold, p < 0.01) were also observed. All of these findings indicated the existence of non-genomic pathway for DnBP-induced thyroid disruption. Finally, DnBP activated the downstream extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2) pathway, up-regulating Mapk1 (1.15-, p < 0.05), Mapk3 (1.26-fold, p < 0.01) and increasing protein levels of p-ERK (p < 0.01); notably, DnBP-induced ERK1/2 activation along with c-fos up-regulation were attenuated by PD98059 (ERK1/2 inhibitor). Taken together, it could be suggested that integrin αvβ3 and ERK1/2 pathway play significant roles in DnBP-induced thyroid disruption, and this novel mechanism warrants further investigation in living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Kong
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yun Liu
- South China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Environmental Protection, No.7 West Street, Yuancun, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Rui Zuo
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jian Li
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Gong Y, Zhang H, Geng N, Xing L, Fan J, Luo Y, Song X, Ren X, Wang F, Chen J. Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) induced thyroid disruption by enhancement of hepatic thyroid hormone influx and degradation in male Sprague Dawley rats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 625:657-666. [PMID: 29304504 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are known to disturb thyroid hormone (TH) homeostasis in rodents. However, the mechanism remains to be fully characterized. In this study, male Sprague Dawley rats received SCCPs (0, 1, 10, or 100mg/kg/day) via gavage once a day for consecutive 28days. Plasma and hepatic TH concentrations, thyrocyte structure, as well as thyroid and hepatic mRNA and protein levels of genes associated with TH homeostasis were examined. Moreover, we performed molecular docking to predict interactions between constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), a key regulator in xenobiotic-induced TH metabolism, with different SCCP molecules. Exposure to SCCPs significantly decreased the circulating free thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels, but increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels by a feedback mechanism. Decreased hepatic T4 and increased hepatic T3 levels were also seen after 100mg/kg/day SCCPs exposure. SCCPs didn't show any significant effects on the expression of thyroid TH synthesis genes or thyrocyte structure. However, stimulation effects were observed for mRNA and protein levels of hepatic uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase (UGT) 1A1 and organic anion transporter 2, suggesting an accelerated TH metabolism in rat liver. The increased cytochrome P450 2B1 but not 1A1 mRNA and protein levels indicated that the CAR signaling was activated by SCCPs exposure. According to docking analysis, SCCPs form hydrophobic interactions with CAR and the binding affinity shows dependency on chlorine content. Overall, our data showed that CAR implicated enhancement of hepatic TH influx and degradation could be the main cause for SCCPs induced TH deficiency in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ningbo Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Liguo Xing
- Safety Evaluation Center of Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Ltd., Shenyang 110021, China
| | - Jingfeng Fan
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yun Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyao Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feidi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiping Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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Yu Y, Ma R, Yu L, Cai Z, Li H, Zuo Y, Wang Z, Li H. Combined effects of cadmium and tetrabromobisphenol a (TBBPA) on development, antioxidant enzymes activity and thyroid hormones in female rats. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 289:23-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Overview of Cadmium Thyroid Disrupting Effects and Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051501. [PMID: 29772829 PMCID: PMC5983752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are exposed to a significant number of chemicals that are suspected to produce disturbances in hormone homeostasis. Hence, in recent decades, there has been a growing interest in endocrine disruptive chemicals. One of the alleged thyroid disrupting substances is cadmium (Cd), a ubiquitous toxic metal shown to act as a thyroid disruptor and carcinogen in both animals and humans. Multiple PubMed searches with core keywords were performed to identify and evaluate appropriate studies which revealed literature suggesting evidence for the link between exposure to Cd and histological and metabolic changes in the thyroid gland. Furthermore, Cd influence on thyroid homeostasis at the peripheral level has also been hypothesized. Both in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that a Cd exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations results in biphasic Cd dose-thyroid response relationships. Development of thyroid tumors following exposure to Cd has been studied mainly using in vitro methodologies. In the thyroid, Cd has been shown to activate or stimulate the activity of various factors, leading to increased cell proliferation and a reduction in normal apoptotic activity. Evidence establishing the association between Cd and thyroid disruption remains ambiguous, with further studies needed to elucidate the issue and improve our understanding of Cd-mediated effects on the thyroid gland.
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Wang L, Zheng M, Gao Y, Cui J. In vitro study on the joint hepatoxicity upon combined exposure of cadmium and BDE-209. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 57:62-69. [PMID: 29216509 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Joint toxicity is an important issue during the risk assessment of environmental pollutants. Contamination of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) under the environmental and biological settings poses substantial health risk to humans. Although previous studies demonstrated the co-occurrence of cadmium and decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) in environmental mediums, food chains and even human body, their potentially joint toxicities remain elusive thus far. Our investigation here with respect to the hepatotoxicity in vitro clearly demonstrated that combined exposure of cadmium and BDE-209 aggravated the injuries in hepatocytes, which was evidenced by the additive effects on the induction of remarkable morphological alternations, LDH release, cell apoptosis and necrosis, impairment of mitochondrial activity and transmembrane potential. Enhanced ROS production was one of the mechanisms for cell apoptosis and death upon joint treatment. Additionally, more cadmium-treated cells underwent apoptosis than BDE-209-treated cells while more ROS was generated with BDE-209 treatment, indicating that other mechanisms might be involved in cadmium-induced apoptosis. Our results would be helpful for evaluating the joint-hepatotoxicity upon combined exposure of cadmium and BDE-209 as well as investigating the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China.
| | - Miaomiao Zheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Yu Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; Xiqing District Environmental Protection Monitoring Station, Tianjin 300380, China
| | - Jiansheng Cui
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China.
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Díaz E, Pérez D, Delgado Acevedo J, Massol-Deyá A. Longitudinal survey of lead, cadmium, and copper in seagrass Syringodium filiforme from a former bombing range (Vieques, Puerto Rico). Toxicol Rep 2017; 5:6-11. [PMID: 29234604 PMCID: PMC5723285 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The United States Navy used half of Vieques, Puerto Rico and conducted military training exercises from 1947 to 2003. We conducted a longitudinal study to compare lead Pb, Cd and Cu content in a seagrass collected at a former bombing range in Puerto Rico. Pb, Cd, and Cu levels were consistently higher at the bombing range. High variability in Pb and Cd content were observed with up to 14 and 17 times higher than seagrass from the control site. Syringodium filiforme has the ability to bioaccumalate heavy metals from sediments and potentially can be used for restoration efforts.
Trace element composition in plant biomass could be used as an indicator of environmental stress, management practices and restoration success. A longitudinal study was conducted to compare Pb, Cd, and Cu content in seagrass Syringodium filiforme collected at a former bombing range in Puerto Rico with those of a Biosphere Reserve under similar geoclimatic conditions. Trace elements were measured by atomic absorption after dry-ashing of samples and extraction with acid. In general, levels of Pb, Cd, and Cu varied during 2001, 2003, 2005–2006, and 2013–2016. Results showed that bioaccumulated concentration of these trace elements were consistently higher, but not significant, at the bombing range site. As expected in polluted areas, greater variability in Pb and Cd content were observed in the military impacted site with levels up to 14 and 17 times higher than seagrass from the reference site, respectively. Although a decrease in Pb was observed after cessation of all military activities in 2003, the concentration in plant biomass was still above levels of ecological concern, indicating that natural attenuation is insufficient for cleanup of the site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elba Díaz
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
| | - Dustin Pérez
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
| | - Johanna Delgado Acevedo
- Casa Pueblo, Adjuntas, Puerto Rico.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M-Commerce, Commerce, TX, United States
| | - Arturo Massol-Deyá
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.,Casa Pueblo, Adjuntas, Puerto Rico
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Cadmium Exposure as a Putative Risk Factor for the Development of Pancreatic Cancer: Three Different Lines of Evidence. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1981837. [PMID: 29349066 PMCID: PMC5733953 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1981837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although profoundly studied, etiology of pancreatic cancer (PC) is still rather scant. Exposure to cadmium (Cd), a ubiquitous metal associated with well-established toxic and carcinogenic properties, has been hypothesized to one putative cause of PC. Hence, we analyzed recently published observational studies, meta-analyses, and experimental animal and in vitro studies with the aim of summarizing the evidence of Cd involvement in PC development and describing the possible mechanisms. Consolidation of epidemiological data on PC and exposure to Cd indicated a significant association with an elevated risk of PC among general population exposed to Cd. Cadmium exposure of laboratory animals was showed to cause PC supporting the findings suggested by human studies. The concordance with human and animal studies is buttressed by in vitro studies, although in vitro data interpretation is problematic. In most instances, only significant effects are reported, and the concentrations of Cd are excessive, which would skew interpretation. Previous reports suggest that oxidative stress, apoptotic changes, and DNA cross-linking and hypermethylation are involved in Cd-mediated carcinogenesis. Undoubtedly, a significant amount of work is still needed to achieve a better understanding of the Cd involvement in pancreatic cancer which could facilitate prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of this fatal disease.
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Renieri EA, Sfakianakis DG, Alegakis AA, Safenkova IV, Buha A, Matović V, Tzardi M, Dzantiev BB, Divanach P, Kentouri M, Tsatsakis AM. Nonlinear responses to waterborne cadmium exposure in zebrafish. An in vivo study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 157:173-181. [PMID: 28570961 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) has proved to be associated with numerous toxic effects in aquatic organisms via waterborne exposure. With a view to investigate Cd toxicity along a broad spectrum of exposures reaching from environmental to toxic, we employed adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) for an in vivo study. A number of 10 fish per tank were placed in 40L tanks and were exposed for 30 days to 0.0, 5.0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 1000μgCd per liter. There were 2 tanks for each Cd exposure (duplicate experiment). Mortality was recorded daily, dead fish were collected and tissue samples were obtained for histologic observation, whereas remaining tissues were stored for Cd burden determination. Surviving fish were collected at the end of the experiment. Median overall survival (OS) in days was found to be 9.0, 11.0, 8.0 and 7.0 for 25μg/L, 50μg/L, 75μg/L and 100μg/L respectively, with all of them showing mortality greater than 50%. Remarkably, fish exposed to the highest Cd concentration (1000μg/L) survived the longest exhibiting a mean OS of 29.2 days. Cd determination in fish tissue was conducted with an in house ICP-MS method and levels ranged from 3.1 to 29.1ng/mg. Log Cd tissue levels were significantly correlated with the log Cd exposure levels (r = 0.535, p < 0.001). The highest Cd burden was determined for fish exposed to 1000μgCd /L (mean = 12.2ng/mg). Histopathology supported these results. Our findings disclose a deviation in toxic responses through the range of Cd concentrations, leading to nonlinear responses. These differentiated responses, could be linked to hormesis phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet A Renieri
- Laboratory of Toxicology, University of Crete, Medical School, Crete, Greece
| | | | | | - Irina V Safenkova
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Buha
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatovic", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Matović
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatovic", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maria Tzardi
- Laboratory of Pathology, University General Hospital, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Boris B Dzantiev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pascal Divanach
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Center for Marine Research, Iraklion, Crete, Greece
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Kong D, Wang Y, Wang J, Teng Y, Li N, Li J. Evaluation and characterization of thyroid-disrupting activities in soil samples along the Second Songhua River, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 133:475-480. [PMID: 27526021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a recombinant thyroid receptor (TR) gene yeast assay combined with Monte Carlo simulation were used to evaluate and characterize soil samples collected from Jilin (China) along the Second Songhua River, for their ant/agonist effect on TR. No TR agonistic activity was found in soils, but many soil samples exhibited TR antagonistic activities, and the bioassay-derived amiodarone hydrochloride equivalents, which was calculated based on Monte Carlo simulation, ranged from not detected (N.D.) to 35.5μg/g. Hydrophilic substance fractions were determined to be the contributors to TR antagonistic activity in these soil samples. Our results indicate that the novel calculation method is effective for the quantification and characterization of TR antagonists in soil samples, and these data could provide useful information for future management and remediation efforts for contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Kong
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jinsheng Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yanguo Teng
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jian Li
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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48
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Chen H, Liu Z, Zhang X, Jia X, Li Q, Su Q, Wang W. Assessment of synergistic thyroid disrupting effects of a mixture of EDCs in ovariectomized rats using factorial analysis and dose addition. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:1585-1593. [PMID: 30090459 DOI: 10.1039/c6tx00193a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been implicated in a broad spectrum of health problems related to reproduction, thyroid function, neurodevelopment, and metabolism. In many cases, EDCs in the environment are at extremely low concentrations which rarely induce health problems alone, however, a mixture of these EDCs may interact and induce potential additive and synergistic effects. Many mixture studies on EDCs were conducted in terms of high doses with the direct effect addition method, which didn't comply with the dose-response relationship of toxicants in the "S" or "U" shaped curves. In the present study, the thyroid disrupting effects of a mixture of three EDCs, propylthiouracil (PTU), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and ammonium perchlorate (AP), were measured in an ovariectomized rat model. Sixty female SD rats were ovariectomized bilaterally and randomly assigned to ovariectomization (OVX) control, PTU + PCBs, PTU + AP, PCBs + AP and PTU + PCBs + AP groups treated with doses at lowest observed adverse effect levels (LOAELs) or benchmark dose lower limits (BMDLs) obtained from our previous dose-response relationship studies. OVX control animals were treated with vehicle control while all other animals were treated with different combinations of EDCs by gavage for 8 days. The body weight change, serum total thyroxine (tT4), triiodothyroxine (tT3), the thyroid/body weight ratio, and thyroid histopathological endpoints were measured and analyzed using factorial analysis and dose addition. All EDC treated groups showed a marked change compared to vehicle control in serum tT4, the thyroid/body weight ratio, and the thyroid epithelium/colloid ratio. Both factorial analysis and dose addition analysis showed a synergistic effect on thyroid function by PTU, PCBs and AP together, but the modes of interaction varied when either two were mixed at LOAELs. To conclude, a mixture of PTU, PCBs, and AP mainly acted synergistically on thyroid function and induced a significant health effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment , Ministry of Health (China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment) , 100022 , Beijing , China . ; ; Tel: +86 010 52165559.,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , 100021 , Beijing , China
| | - Zhaoping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment , Ministry of Health (China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment) , 100022 , Beijing , China . ; ; Tel: +86 010 52165559
| | - Xiaopeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment , Ministry of Health (China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment) , 100022 , Beijing , China . ; ; Tel: +86 010 52165559
| | - Xudong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment , Ministry of Health (China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment) , 100022 , Beijing , China . ; ; Tel: +86 010 52165559
| | - Qian Li
- Sichuan University , Sichuan , 610041 , China
| | - Qing Su
- Southwest University , Chongqing , 400716 , China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment , Ministry of Health (China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment) , 100022 , Beijing , China . ; ; Tel: +86 010 52165559
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Curcic M, Buha A, Stankovic S, Milovanovic V, Bulat Z, Đukić-Ćosić D, Antonijević E, Vučinić S, Matović V, Antonijevic B. Interactions between cadmium and decabrominated diphenyl ether on blood cells count in rats-Multiple factorial regression analysis. Toxicology 2016; 376:120-125. [PMID: 27181932 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess toxicity of Cd and BDE-209 mixture on haematological parameters in subacutely exposed rats and to determine the presence and type of interactions between these two chemicals using multiple factorial regression analysis. Furthermore, for the assessment of interaction type, an isobologram based methodology was applied and compared with multiple factorial regression analysis. Chemicals were given by oral gavage to the male Wistar rats weighing 200-240g for 28days. Animals were divided in 16 groups (8/group): control vehiculum group, three groups of rats were treated with 2.5, 7.5 or 15mg Cd/kg/day. These doses were chosen on the bases of literature data and reflect relatively high Cd environmental exposure, three groups of rats were treated with 1000, 2000 or 4000mg BDE-209/kg/bw/day, doses proved to induce toxic effects in rats. Furthermore, nine groups of animals were treated with different mixtures of Cd and BDE-209 containing doses of Cd and BDE-209 stated above. Blood samples were taken at the end of experiment and red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets counts were determined. For interaction assessment multiple factorial regression analysis and fitted isobologram approach were used. In this study, we focused on multiple factorial regression analysis as a method for interaction assessment. We also investigated the interactions between Cd and BDE-209 by the derived model for the description of the obtained fitted isobologram curves. Current study indicated that co-exposure to Cd and BDE-209 can result in significant decrease in RBC count, increase in WBC count and decrease in PLT count, when compared with controls. Multiple factorial regression analysis used for the assessment of interactions type between Cd and BDE-209 indicated synergism for the effect on RBC count and no interactions i.e. additivity for the effects on WBC and PLT counts. On the other hand, isobologram based approach showed slight antagonism for the effects on RBC and WBC while no interactions were proved for the joint effect on PLT count. These results confirm that the assessment of interactions between chemicals in the mixture greatly depends on the concept or method used for this evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Curcic
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Buha
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Stankovic
- Clinical centre of Serbia, Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Milovanovic
- Ministry of Agriculture and environmental protection, Ruze Jovanovica 27, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Bulat
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Đukić-Ćosić
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Evica Antonijević
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavica Vučinić
- National Poison Control Centre, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Matović
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Antonijevic
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
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50
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Li J, Liu Y, Kong D, Ren S, Li N. T-screen and yeast assay for the detection of the thyroid-disrupting activities of cadmium, mercury, and zinc. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:9843-9851. [PMID: 26856863 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a two-hybrid yeast bioassay and a T-screen were used to screen for the thyroid receptor (TR)-disrupting activity of select metallic compounds (CdCl2, ZnCl2, HgCl2, CuSO4, MnSO4, and MgSO4). The results reveal that none of the tested metallic compounds showed TR-agonistic activity, whereas ZnCl2, HgCl2, and CdCl2 demonstrated TR antagonism. For the yeast assay, the dose-response relationship of these metallic compounds was established, and the concentrations producing 20 % of the maximum effect of ZnCl2, HgCl2, and CdCl2 were 9.1 × 10(-5), 3.2 × 10(-6), and 1.2 × 10(-6) mol/L, respectively. The T-screen also supported the finding that ZnCl2, HgCl2, and CdCl2 decreased the cell proliferation at concentrations ranging from 10(-6) to 10(-4) mol/L. Furthermore, the thyroid-disrupting activity of metallic compounds in environmental water samples collected from the Guanting Reservoir, Beijing, China was evaluated. Solid-phase extraction was used to separate the organic extracts, and a modified two-hybrid yeast bioassay revealed that the metallic compounds in the water samples could affect thyroid hormone-induced signaling by decreasing the binding of the thyroid hormone. The addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (30 mg/L) could eliminate the effects. Thus, the cause(s) of the thyroid toxicity in the water samples appeared to be partly related to the metallic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Yun Liu
- South China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Environmental Protection, No. 7 West Street, Yuancun, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Dongdong Kong
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shujuan Ren
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China
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