1
|
Doroftei B, Ilie OD, Maftei R, Scripcariu IS, Armeanu T, Stoian IL, Ilea C. A Narrative Review Discussing Vasectomy-Related Impact upon the Status of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Biomarkers and Semen Microbiota. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072671. [PMID: 37048754 PMCID: PMC10095584 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Male contraceptive approaches besides tubal sterilization involve vasectomy and represent the method of choice among midlife men in developing countries thanks to many advantages. However, the subsidiary consequences of this intervention are insufficiently explored since the involved mechanisms may offer insight into a much more complex picture. Methods: Thus, in this manuscript, we aimed to reunite all available data by searching three separate academic database(s) (PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and Scopus) published in the past two decades by covering the interval 2000–2023 and using a predefined set of keywords and strings involving “oxidative stress” (OS), “inflammation”, and “semen microbiota” in combination with “humans”, “rats”, and “mice”. Results: By following all evidence that fits in the pre-, post-, and vasectomy reversal (VR) stages, we identified a total of n = 210 studies from which only n = 21 were finally included following two procedures of eligibility evaluation. Conclusions: The topic surrounding this intricate landscape has created debate since the current evidence is contradictory, limited, or does not exist. Starting from this consideration, we argue that further research is mandatory to decipher how a vasectomy might disturb homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Doroftei
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Cuza Voda”, Cuza Voda Street no 34, 700038 Iasi, Romania
- Origyn Fertility Center, Palace Street, no 3C, 700032 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ovidiu-Dumitru Ilie
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Carol I Avenue no 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu Maftei
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Cuza Voda”, Cuza Voda Street no 34, 700038 Iasi, Romania
- Origyn Fertility Center, Palace Street, no 3C, 700032 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioana-Sadyie Scripcariu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Cuza Voda”, Cuza Voda Street no 34, 700038 Iasi, Romania
| | - Theodora Armeanu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Cuza Voda”, Cuza Voda Street no 34, 700038 Iasi, Romania
- Origyn Fertility Center, Palace Street, no 3C, 700032 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina-Liviana Stoian
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ciprian Ilea
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Cuza Voda”, Cuza Voda Street no 34, 700038 Iasi, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ritzmann F, Lunding LP, Bals R, Wegmann M, Beisswenger C. IL-17 Cytokines and Chronic Lung Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:2132. [PMID: 35883573 PMCID: PMC9318387 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-17 cytokines are expressed by numerous cells (e.g., gamma delta (γδ) T, innate lymphoid (ILC), Th17, epithelial cells). They contribute to the elimination of bacteria through the induction of cytokines and chemokines which mediate the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the site of infection. However, IL-17-driven inflammation also likely promotes the progression of chronic lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, cystic fibrosis, and asthma. In this review, we highlight the role of IL-17 cytokines in chronic lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Ritzmann
- Department of Internal Medicine V—Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (F.R.); (R.B.)
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Lars Peter Lunding
- Division of Lung Immunology, Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel—Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany; (L.P.L.); (M.W.)
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Robert Bals
- Department of Internal Medicine V—Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (F.R.); (R.B.)
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Wegmann
- Division of Lung Immunology, Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel—Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany; (L.P.L.); (M.W.)
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Christoph Beisswenger
- Department of Internal Medicine V—Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (F.R.); (R.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Neutrophils and Asthma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051175. [PMID: 35626330 PMCID: PMC9140072 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although eosinophilic inflammation is characteristic of asthma pathogenesis, neutrophilic inflammation is also marked, and eosinophils and neutrophils can coexist in some cases. Based on the proportion of sputum cell differentiation, asthma is classified into eosinophilic asthma, neutrophilic asthma, neutrophilic and eosinophilic asthma, and paucigranulocytic asthma. Classification by bronchoalveolar lavage is also performed. Eosinophilic asthma accounts for most severe asthma cases, but neutrophilic asthma or a mixture of the two types can also present a severe phenotype. Biomarkers for the diagnosis of neutrophilic asthma include sputum neutrophils, blood neutrophils, chitinase-3-like protein, and hydrogen sulfide in sputum and serum. Thymic stromal lymphoprotein (TSLP)/T-helper 17 pathways, bacterial colonization/microbiome, neutrophil extracellular traps, and activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 pathways are involved in the pathophysiology of neutrophilic asthma and coexistence of obesity, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and habitual cigarette smoking have been associated with its pathogenesis. Thus, targeting neutrophilic asthma is important. Smoking cessation, neutrophil-targeting treatments, and biologics have been tested as treatments for severe asthma, but most clinical studies have not focused on neutrophilic asthma. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, anti-TSLP antibodies, azithromycin, and anti-cholinergic agents are promising drugs for neutrophilic asthma. However, clinical research targeting neutrophilic inflammation is required to elucidate the optimal treatment.
Collapse
|
4
|
IL-17 inhibition: is it the long-awaited savior for alopecia areata? Arch Dermatol Res 2018; 310:383-390. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-018-1823-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
5
|
Evans MD, Esnault S, Denlinger LC, Jarjour NN. Sputum cell IL-1 receptor expression level is a marker of airway neutrophilia and airflow obstruction in asthmatic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 142:415-423. [PMID: 29103994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various clinical, biologic, or physiologic markers of asthma have been used to identify patient clusters and potential targets for therapy. However, these identifiers frequently overlap among the different asthma groups. For instance, both eosinophil and neutrophil counts are often increased in the airways of asthmatic patients despite their typical association with type 2 and type 17 immune response, respectively. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine whether inflammatory gene expression is related to patterns of airway inflammation and lung function and identify molecular markers for neutrophilic asthma. METHODS Expression levels of 17 genes characterizing type 1, type 2, and type 17 lymphocytes were measured in sputum samples from 48 participants with asthma. The relationships between gene expression levels and sputum cell differentials or measures of pulmonary function were examined by using partial least squares regression. RESULTS Gene expression levels were strongly associated with cell differentials, explaining 71% of variation in eosinophil counts and 64% of variation in neutrophil counts. The 3 genes with the strongest relationships to sputum neutrophil counts were IL1R1 (standardized regression coefficient [β] = +0.27, P = .005), IL1RAP (β = +0.32, P = .0004), and IL4R (β = +0.29, P = .002). Higher expression levels of IL1R1, IL1RAP, and IL4R were associated with reduced FEV1/forced vital capacity ratio (β = -0.11, -0.08, and -0.10; P = .005, .07, and .05). CONCLUSION IL-1 receptor appears to be a marker of neutrophilic inflammation and airflow obstruction in patients with asthma, who have a wide range of disease severity. The IL-1 pathway might contribute to airway neutrophilia and is a potential therapeutic target in patients with neutrophilic asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Evans
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Stephane Esnault
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Loren C Denlinger
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Nizar N Jarjour
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gupta RK, Gupta K, Dwivedi PD. Pathophysiology of IL-33 and IL-17 in allergic disorders. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 38:22-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
7
|
Ray A, Kolls JK. Neutrophilic Inflammation in Asthma and Association with Disease Severity. Trends Immunol 2017; 38:942-954. [PMID: 28784414 PMCID: PMC5711587 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. While the local infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells, and their role in the disease have long been recognized, neutrophil infiltration has also been assessed in many clinical studies. In these studies, airway neutrophilia was associated with asthma severity. Importantly, neutrophilia also correlates with asthma that is refractory to corticosteroids, the mainstay of asthma treatment. However, it is now increasingly recognized that neutrophils are a heterogeneous population, and a more precise phenotyping of these cells may help delineate different subtypes of asthma. Here, we review current knowledge of the role of neutrophils in asthma and highlight future avenues of research in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute@UPMC/UPSOM, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Jay K Kolls
- Richard King Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center/University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bae JS, Kim EH, Kim JH, Mo JH. Mouse Model of IL-17-Dominant Rhinitis Using Polyinosinic-Polycytidylic Acid. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2017; 9:540-549. [PMID: 28913994 PMCID: PMC5603483 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2017.9.6.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-17 plays an important role in rhinitis and the level thereof correlates with the severity of disease. However, no mouse model for IL-17-dominant rhinitis has yet been developed. Our objective was to establish a mouse model of IL-17-dominant rhinitis via intranasal application of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (abbreviated as Poly(I:C)). Mice were divided into 6 groups (n=8 for each group); 1) 1 negative control group, 2) 1 positive control group (OVA/alum model), 3) 2 Poly(I:C) groups (10 or 100 μg), and 4) 2 OVA/Poly(I:C) groups (10 or 100 μg). The positive control group was treated with the conventional OVA/alum protocol. In the Poly(I:C) and OVA/Poly(I:C) groups, phosphate-buffered saline or an OVA solution plus Poly(I:C) were administered. The OVA/Poly(I:C) groups exhibited significantly greater neutrophil infiltration and increased IL-17/interferon γ expression compared with the other groups. However, the levels of total immunoglobulin E (IgE), OVA-specific IgE, eosinophil infiltration, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10 were significantly lower in the OVA/Poly(I:C) groups than in mice subjected to conventional Th2-dominant OVA/alum treatment (the positive control group). IL-17 and neutrophil measurement, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 immunohistochemistry, and confocal microscopy revealed increased numbers of IL-17-secreting cells in the nasal mucosa of the OVA/Poly(I:C) groups, which included natural killer cells, CD4 T cells, and neutrophils. In conclusion, we developed a mouse model of IL-17-dominant rhinitis using OVA together with Poly(I:C). This model will be useful in research on neutrophil- or IL-17-dominant rhinitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sang Bae
- Department of Premedical Course, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Ji Hun Mo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Charrad R, Kaabachi W, Rafrafi A, Berraies A, Hamzaoui K, Hamzaoui A. IL-8 Gene Variants and Expression in Childhood Asthma. Lung 2017; 195:749-757. [PMID: 28993876 PMCID: PMC7101950 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-017-0058-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the IL-8 expression levels and association of genetic variants with the risk of childhood persistent asthma prognosis. METHODS Overall, 170 asthmatic children and 170 healthy controls were included in this case-control study. The human IL-8 serum levels were measured using ELISA. The IL-8 mRNA expression levels were assessed by a real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. RESULTS The IL-8 expression at both protein and mRNA levels was found to be significantly elevated in asthmatic children compared to healthy subjects (P < 0.0001, P = 0.004; respectively). Higher levels of IL-8 mRNA are detected in subjects with moderate to severe asthma. The presence of IL8-251 A/T (rs4073) and + 781C/T (rs2227306) polymorphisms was significantly associated with an increased risk of asthma (P = 0.002, P = 0.036, respectively). In addition, we noted a significant association between these polymorphisms and an elevated risk of atopic asthma (P < 0.05). For rs2227306 SNP, the highest median level of IgE was detected for the presence of TT genotype (865 ± 99.74 IU/mL). Although, the rs4073 polymorphism conferred a higher risk to develop asthma at an advanced stage of severity (P = 0.008). The rs4073 T and rs2227306 C alleles are considered as risk factors for asthma development. The rs4073 T allele is represented also as a risk factor for asthma severity in Tunisian children. CONCLUSIONS Both IL-8 gene and protein expression may play a key role in asthma pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rihab Charrad
- Abderrahman Mami Hospital, Unit Research 12SP15 "Expression Moleculaires des Interactions Cellulaires et de leur mode de Communication dans le Poumon Profond" Ariana; Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar & A. Mami Hospital Pavillon B. Ariana; Tunisia, 2082, Ariana, Tunisia. .,University Tunis El Manar, Tunis Tunisia, Medicine Faculty of Tunis, Djebel Lakdar, Bab Saadoun, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Wajih Kaabachi
- University Tunis El Manar, Tunis Tunisia, Medicine Faculty of Tunis, Djebel Lakdar, Bab Saadoun, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ahlem Rafrafi
- University Tunis El Manar, Tunis Tunisia, Medicine Faculty of Tunis, Djebel Lakdar, Bab Saadoun, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Anissa Berraies
- Abderrahman Mami Hospital, Unit Research 12SP15 "Expression Moleculaires des Interactions Cellulaires et de leur mode de Communication dans le Poumon Profond" Ariana; Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar & A. Mami Hospital Pavillon B. Ariana; Tunisia, 2082, Ariana, Tunisia.,University Tunis El Manar, Tunis Tunisia, Medicine Faculty of Tunis, Djebel Lakdar, Bab Saadoun, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Hamzaoui
- University Tunis El Manar, Tunis Tunisia, Medicine Faculty of Tunis, Djebel Lakdar, Bab Saadoun, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Agnes Hamzaoui
- Abderrahman Mami Hospital, Unit Research 12SP15 "Expression Moleculaires des Interactions Cellulaires et de leur mode de Communication dans le Poumon Profond" Ariana; Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar & A. Mami Hospital Pavillon B. Ariana; Tunisia, 2082, Ariana, Tunisia.,University Tunis El Manar, Tunis Tunisia, Medicine Faculty of Tunis, Djebel Lakdar, Bab Saadoun, Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang HT, Lu YL, Wang R, Qin HM, Wang CF, Wang JL, Xiang Y, Guo J, Lan Y, Wei YS. The association of IL-17A polymorphisms with IL-17A serum levels and risk of ischemic stroke. Oncotarget 2017; 8:103499-103508. [PMID: 29262579 PMCID: PMC5732745 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate the association of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) polymorphisms with IL-17A serum levels and risk of ischemic stroke (IS) in a Chinese population. 392 IS patients and 443 controls were included in this study. The polymorphisms of IL-17A gene were determined by Snapshot SNP genotyping assay and DNA sequencing. Serum IL-17A levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that the G allele, GA and GG genotypes, and GA/GG vs. AA model of rs2275913 polymorphism were associated with increased risk of IS even after adjusted by clinical characters such as age, gender and diabetes (G vs. A: OR=1.27, 95% CI, 1.05∼1.54, P=0.014; GA vs. AA: OR=1.72, 95% CI, 1.05∼2.81, P=0.032; GG vs. AA: OR=1.99, 95% CI, 1.08∼3.67, P=0.028; GA/GG vs. AA: OR=1.78, 95% CI, 1.11∼2.86, P=0.017). Serum IL-17A levels were increased in IS patients compared with controls (P<0.01). Individuals carrying rs2275913 GA or GG genotype present higher serum IL-17A levels compared with the rs2275913AA genotype in the IS group (P<0.01). In conclusion, this is the first study reporting the rs2275913 polymorphism as a risk factor for IS, which may be partly explained by influencing the levels of IL-17A cytokine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Tuo Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Yu-Lan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Hai-Mei Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Chun-Fang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun-Li Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Yan Lan
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Ye-Sheng Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China.,Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Andersson CK, Adams A, Nagakumar P, Bossley C, Gupta A, De Vries D, Adnan A, Bush A, Saglani S, Lloyd CM. Intraepithelial neutrophils in pediatric severe asthma are associated with better lung function. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 139:1819-1829.e11. [PMID: 27746241 PMCID: PMC5457125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophils and IL-17A have been linked mechanistically in models of allergic airways disease and have been associated with asthma severity. However, their role in pediatric asthma is unknown. OBJECTIVES We sought to investigate the role of neutrophils and the IL-17A pathway in mediating pediatric severe therapy-resistant asthma (STRA). METHODS Children with STRA (n = 51; age, 12.6 years; range, 6-16.3 years) and controls without asthma (n = 15; age, 4.75 years; range, 1.6-16 years) underwent clinically indicated fiberoptic bronchoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), endobronchial brushings, and biopsy. Neutrophils, IL-17A, and IL-17RA-expressing cells and levels of IL-17A and IL-22 were quantified in BAL and biopsies and related to clinical features. Primary bronchial epithelial cells were stimulated with IL-17A and/or IL-22, with and without budesonide. RESULTS Children with STRA had increased intraepithelial neutrophils, which positively correlated with FEV1 %predicted (r = 0.43; P = .008). Neutrophilhigh patients also had better symptom control, despite lower dose maintenance inhaled steroids. Submucosal neutrophils were not increased in children with STRA. Submucosal and epithelial IL-17A-positive cells and BAL IL-17A and IL-22 levels were similar in children with STRA and controls. However, there were significantly more IL-17RA-positive cells in the submucosa and epithelium in children with STRA compared with controls (P = .001). Stimulation of primary bronchial epithelial cells with IL-17A enhanced mRNA expression of IL-17RA and increased release of IL-8, even in the presence of budesonide. CONCLUSIONS A proportion of children with STRA exhibit increased intraepithelial airway neutrophilia that correlated with better lung function. STRA was also characterized by increased airway IL-17RA expression. These data suggest a potential beneficial rather than adverse role for neutrophils in pediatric severe asthma pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia K Andersson
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Adams
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Respiratory Paediatrics, the Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, Sydney Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Prasad Nagakumar
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Respiratory Paediatrics, the Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, Sydney Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cara Bossley
- Respiratory Paediatrics, the Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, Sydney Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Atul Gupta
- Respiratory Paediatrics, the Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, Sydney Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daphne De Vries
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Afiqah Adnan
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Bush
- Respiratory Paediatrics, the Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, Sydney Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sejal Saglani
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Respiratory Paediatrics, the Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, Sydney Street, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Clare M Lloyd
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fossum SL, Mutolo MJ, Tugores A, Ghosh S, Randell SH, Jones LC, Leir SH, Harris A. Ets homologous factor (EHF) has critical roles in epithelial dysfunction in airway disease. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:10938-10949. [PMID: 28461336 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.775304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium forms a barrier between the internal and external environments. Epithelial dysfunction is critical in the pathology of many respiratory diseases, including cystic fibrosis. Ets homologous factor (EHF) is a key member of the transcription factor network that regulates gene expression in the airway epithelium in response to endogenous and exogenous stimuli. EHF, which has altered expression in inflammatory states, maps to the 5' end of an intergenic region on Chr11p13 that is implicated as a modifier of cystic fibrosis airway disease. Here we determine the functions of EHF in primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells and relevant airway cell lines. Using EHF ChIP followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) and RNA sequencing after EHF depletion, we show that EHF targets in HBE cells are enriched for genes involved in inflammation and wound repair. Furthermore, changes in gene expression impact cell phenotype because EHF depletion alters epithelial secretion of a neutrophil chemokine and slows wound closure in HBE cells. EHF activates expression of the SAM pointed domain-containing ETS transcription factor, which contributes to goblet cell hyperplasia. Our data reveal a critical role for EHF in regulating epithelial function in lung disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Fossum
- From the Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, Illinois 60614.,the Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Michael J Mutolo
- From the Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, Illinois 60614.,the Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Antonio Tugores
- the Unidad de Investigación, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Sujana Ghosh
- From the Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, Illinois 60614.,the Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Scott H Randell
- the Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, and
| | - Lisa C Jones
- the Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, and
| | - Shih-Hsing Leir
- From the Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, Illinois 60614.,the Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611.,the Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44016
| | - Ann Harris
- From the Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, Illinois 60614, .,the Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611.,the Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44016
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Numasaki M, Tsukamoto H, Tomioka Y, Nishioka Y, Ohrui T. A Heterodimeric Cytokine, Consisting of IL-17A and IL-17F, Promotes Migration and Capillary-Like Tube Formation of Human Vascular Endothelial Cells. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2017; 240:47-56. [PMID: 27594509 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.240.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-17 family, consisting of six homodimeric cytokines IL-17A, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E/IL-25, and IL-17F, mediates a variety of biological activities including regulation of chemokine secretion and angiogenesis. Among the IL-17 family members, IL-17A and IL-17E/IL-25 are angiogenesis stimulators, while IL-17B and IL-17F are angiogenesis inhibitors. Recently, IL-17A/F heterodimer, comprised of the IL-17A and IL-17F subunits, was found as another member of the IL-17 cytokine family. However, to date, it has been unknown whether IL-17A/F has biological actions to affect the angiogenesis-related vascular endothelial functions. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the biological effects of IL-17A/F on the growth, migration and capillary-like tube formation of vascular endothelial cells. Recombinant IL-17A/F protein had no direct effects on the growth of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs), whereas, after 4-hour incubation in a modified Boyden Chemotaxicell chamber, IL-17A/F significantly induced migration of HMVECs over a wide range of doses via the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway. We further investigated the biological effect of IL-17A/F on capillary-like tube formation using a co-culture system of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), which mimicked the in vivo microenvironment. In this co-culture system, IL-17A/F significantly promoted capillary-like endothelial tube formation in a dose-dependent fashion via the PI3K and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways. Additionally, IL-17A/F up-regulated secretion of angiogenic growth factors such as IL-8 and growth-related oncogene (GRO)-α by HDFs. These findings identify a novel biological function for IL-17A/F as an indirect angiogenic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muneo Numasaki
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Giles DA, Moreno-Fernandez ME, Divanovic S. IL-17 Axis Driven Inflammation in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Progression. Curr Drug Targets 2016; 16:1315-23. [PMID: 26028039 DOI: 10.2174/1389450116666150531153627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a primary risk factor for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD, the most common chronic liver disease in the world, represents a spectrum of disorders that range from steatosis (NAFL) to steatohepatitis (NASH) to cirrhosis. It is anticipated that NAFLD will soon surpass chronic hepatitis C infection as the leading cause for needing liver transplantation. Despite its clinical and public health significance no specific therapies are available. Although the etiology of NAFLD is multifactorial and remains largely enigmatic, it is well accepted that inflammation is a central component of NAFLD pathogenesis. Despite the significance, critical immune mediators, loci of immune activation, the immune signaling pathways and the mechanism(s) underlying disease progression remain incompletely understood. Recent findings have focused on the role of Interleukin 17 (IL-17) family of proinflammatory cytokines in obesity and pathogenesis of obesity-associated sequelae. Notably, obesity favors a Th17 bias and is associated with increased IL-17A expression in both humans and mice. Further, in mice, IL-17 axis has been implicated in regulation of both obesity and NAFLD pathogenesis. However, despite these recent advances several important questions require further evaluation including: the relevant cellular source of IL-17A production; the critical IL- 17RA-expressing cell type; the critical liver infiltrating immune cells; and the underlying cellular effector mechanisms. Addressing these questions may aid in the identification and development of novel therapeutic targets for prevention of inflammation- driven NAFLD progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Senad Divanovic
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center TCHRF - Location S, Room #S.5.409 3333 Burnet Avenue Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039 U.S.A.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rathore JS, Wang Y. Protective role of Th17 cells in pulmonary infection. Vaccine 2016; 34:1504-1514. [PMID: 26878294 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Th17 cells are characterized as preferential producer of interleukins including IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21 and IL-22. Corresponding receptors of these cytokines are expressed on number of cell types found in the mucosa, including epithelial cells and fibroblasts which constitute the prime targets of the Th17-associated cytokines. Binding of IL-17 family members to their corresponding receptors lead to modulation of antimicrobial functions of target cells including alveolar epithelial cells. Stimulated alveolar epithelial cells produce antimicrobial peptides and are involved in granulepoesis, neutrophil recruitment and tissue repair. Mucosal immunity mediated by Th17 cells is protective against numerous pulmonary pathogens including extracellular bacterial and fungal pathogens. This review focuses on the protective role of Th17 cells during pulmonary infection, highlighting subset differentiation, effector cytokines production, followed by study of the binding of these cytokines to their corresponding receptors, the subsequent signaling pathway they engender and their effector role in host defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Singh Rathore
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Gautam Buddha University, School of Biotechnology, Greater Noida, Yamuna Expressway, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Yan Wang
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The neutrophil-recruiting chemokine GCP-2/CXCL6 is expressed in cystic fibrosis airways and retains its functional properties after binding to extracellular DNA. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:112-23. [PMID: 25993443 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Infections in cystic fibrosis (CF), often involving Pseudomonas aeruginosa, result from a dysregulated airway immunity where one hallmark is the accumulation of necrotic and apoptotic immune cells, in particular neutrophils. In addition, neutrophils actively release DNA, forming neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that contain antimicrobial proteins. Altogether, free DNA in complex with actin accumulates in the airway lumen, resulting in highly viscous sputum that provides an anionic matrix, binding cationic antimicrobial proteins. In this study, granulocyte chemotactic protein 2 (GCP-2)/CXCL6, a neutrophil-activating chemokine with bactericidal properties, was detected in the airway epithelium of CF patients and was also present in azurophilic and specific granules of neutrophils. Elastase of neutrophils, but not of P. aeruginosa, completely degraded CXCL6 (chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 6). In addition, CXCL6 colocalized with extracellular DNA in both CF sputa and in in vitro-formed NETs. In vitro, CXCL6 bound DNA with a KD of 2,500 nM. Interestingly, both the bactericidal and the receptor-activating properties of CXCL6 (against neutrophils) remained largely unaffected in the presence of DNA. However, the chemotactic properties of CXCL6 were reduced by the presence of DNA. Taken together, CXCL6 is expressed in CF, retaining its functional properties even after binding to the anionic scaffold that extracellular DNA provides in CF.
Collapse
|
17
|
Bozinovski S, Seow HJ, Chan SPJ, Anthony D, McQualter J, Hansen M, Jenkins BJ, Anderson GP, Vlahos R. Innate cellular sources of interleukin-17A regulate macrophage accumulation in cigarette- smoke-induced lung inflammation in mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 129:785-96. [PMID: 26201093 PMCID: PMC4613531 DOI: 10.1042/cs20140703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is the major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is a pivotal cytokine that regulates lung immunity and inflammation. The aim of the present study was to investigate how IL-17A regulates CS-induced lung inflammation in vivo. IL-17A knockout (KO) mice and neutralization of IL-17A in wild-type (WT) mice reduced macrophage and neutrophil recruitment and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL3 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12 mRNA expression in response to acute CS exposure. IL-17A expression was increased in non-obese diabetic (NOD) severe combined immunodeficiency SCID) mice with non-functional B- and T-cells over a 4-week CS exposure period, where macrophages accumulated to the same extent as in WT mice. Gene expression analysis by QPCR (quantitative real-time PCR) of isolated immune cell subsets detected increased levels of IL-17A transcript in macrophages, neutrophils and NK/NKT cells in the lungs of CS-exposed mice. In order to further explore the relative contribution of innate immune cellular sources, intracellular IL-17A staining was performed. In the present study, we demonstrate that CS exposure primes natural killer (NK), natural killer T (NKT) and γδ T-cells to produce more IL-17A protein and CS alone increased the frequency of IL17+ γδ T-cells in the lung, whereas IL-17A protein was not detected in macrophages and neutrophils. Our data suggest that activation of innate cellular sources of IL-17A is an essential mediator of macrophage accumulation in CS-exposed lungs. Targeting non-conventional T-cell sources of IL-17A may offer an alternative strategy to reduce pathogenic macrophages in COPD.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/cytology
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CCL2/genetics
- Chemokine CCL2/immunology
- Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
- Chemokine CCL3/genetics
- Chemokine CCL3/immunology
- Chemokine CCL3/metabolism
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression/immunology
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Immunity, Innate/immunology
- Interleukin-17/genetics
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Interleukin-17/metabolism
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 12/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 12/immunology
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 12/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Natural Killer T-Cells/immunology
- Natural Killer T-Cells/metabolism
- Neutrophil Infiltration/immunology
- Pneumonia/genetics
- Pneumonia/immunology
- Pneumonia/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Smoke
- Nicotiana/chemistry
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Bozinovski
- School of Health Sciences and Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Huei Jiunn Seow
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Sheau Pyng Jamie Chan
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Desiree Anthony
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jonathan McQualter
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Michelle Hansen
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Brendan J Jenkins
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Gary P Anderson
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ross Vlahos
- School of Health Sciences and Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Matsuzaki H, Mikami Y, Makita K, Takeshima H, Horie M, Noguchi S, Jo T, Narumoto O, Kohyama T, Takizawa H, Nagase T, Yamauchi Y. Interleukin-17A and Toll-Like Receptor 3 Ligand Poly(I:C) Synergistically Induced Neutrophil Chemoattractant Production by Bronchial Epithelial Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141746. [PMID: 26505478 PMCID: PMC4624416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory airway diseases, such as bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, are common respiratory disorders worldwide. Exacerbations of these diseases are frequent and worsen patients’ respiratory condition and overall health. However, the mechanisms of exacerbation have not been fully elucidated. Recently, it was reported that interleukin (IL)-17A might play an important role in neutrophilic inflammation, which is characteristic of such exacerbations, through increased production of neutrophil chemoattractants. Therefore, we hypothesized that IL-17A was involved in the pathogenesis of acute exacerbation, due to viral infection in chronic inflammatory airway diseases. In this study, we assessed chemokine production by bronchial epithelial cells and investigated the underlying mechanisms. Comprehensive chemokine analysis showed that, compared with poly(I:C) alone, co-stimulation of BEAS-2B cells with IL-17A and poly(I:C) strongly induced production of such neutrophil chemoattractants as CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)8, growth-related oncogene (GRO), and CXCL1. Co-stimulation synergistically induced CXCL8 and CXCL1 mRNA and protein production by BEAS-2B cells and normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Poly(I:C) induced chemokine expression by BEAS-2B cells mainly via Toll-like receptor 3/TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β–mediated signals. The co-stimulation with IL-17A and poly(I:C) markedly activated the p38 and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway, compared with poly(I:C), although there was little change in nuclear factor-κB translocation into the nucleus or the transcriptional activities of nuclear factor-κB and activator protein 1. IL-17A promoted stabilization of CXCL8 mRNA in BEAS-2B cells treated with poly(I:C). In conclusion, IL-17A appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory airway disease exacerbation, due to viral infection by promoting release of neutrophil chemoattractants from bronchial epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Matsuzaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Mikami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kousuke Makita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeshima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Horie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Health Service Promotion, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Noguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Jo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Health Service Promotion, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Narumoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kohyama
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hajime Takizawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamauchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Andelid K, Tengvall S, Andersson A, Levänen B, Christenson K, Jirholt P, Åhrén C, Qvarfordt I, Ekberg-Jansson A, Lindén A. Systemic cytokine signaling via IL-17 in smokers with obstructive pulmonary disease: a link to bacterial colonization? Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2015; 10:689-702. [PMID: 25848245 PMCID: PMC4381892 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s76273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined whether systemic cytokine signaling via interleukin (IL)-17 and growth-related oncogene-α (GRO-α) is impaired in smokers with obstructive pulmonary disease including chronic bronchitis (OPD-CB). We also examined how this systemic cytokine signaling relates to bacterial colonization in the airways of the smokers with OPD-CB. Currently smoking OPD-CB patients (n=60, corresponding to Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease [GOLD] stage I–IV) underwent recurrent blood and sputum sampling over 60 weeks, during stable conditions and at exacerbations. We characterized cytokine protein concentrations in blood and bacterial growth in sputum. Asymptomatic smokers (n=10) and never-smokers (n=10) were included as control groups. During stable clinical conditions, the protein concentrations of IL-17 and GRO-α were markedly lower among OPD-CB patients compared with never-smoker controls, whereas the asymptomatic smoker controls displayed intermediate concentrations. Notably, among OPD-CB patients, colonization by opportunistic pathogens was associated with markedly lower IL-17 and GRO-α, compared with colonization by common respiratory pathogens or oropharyngeal flora. During exacerbations in the OPD-CB patients, GRO-α and neutrophil concentrations were increased, whereas protein concentrations and messenger RNA for IL-17 were not detectable in a reproducible manner. In smokers with OPD-CB, systemic cytokine signaling via IL-17 and GRO-α is impaired and this alteration may be linked to colonization by opportunistic pathogens in the airways. Given the potential pathogenic and therapeutic implications, these findings deserve to be validated in new and larger patient cohorts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Andelid
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sara Tengvall
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Andersson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bettina Levänen
- Unit of Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Christenson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Jirholt
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christina Åhrén
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingemar Qvarfordt
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann Ekberg-Jansson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Lindén
- Unit of Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wu NL, Huang DY, Tsou HN, Lin YC, Lin WW. Syk Mediates IL−17-Induced CCL20 Expression by Targeting Act1-Dependent K63-Linked Ubiquitination of TRAF6. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:490-498. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
21
|
Fossum SL, Mutolo MJ, Yang R, Dang H, O'Neal WK, Knowles MR, Leir SH, Harris A. Ets homologous factor regulates pathways controlling response to injury in airway epithelial cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:13588-98. [PMID: 25414352 PMCID: PMC4267623 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ets homologous factor (EHF) is an Ets family transcription factor expressed in many epithelial cell types including those lining the respiratory system. Disruption of the airway epithelium is central to many lung diseases, and a network of transcription factors coordinates its normal function. EHF can act as a transcriptional activator or a repressor, though its targets in lung epithelial cells are largely uncharacterized. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq), showed that the majority of EHF binding sites in lung epithelial cells are intergenic or intronic and coincide with putative enhancers, marked by specific histone modifications. EHF occupies many genomic sites that are close to genes involved in intercellular and cell–matrix adhesion. RNA-seq after EHF depletion or overexpression showed significant alterations in the expression of genes involved in response to wounding. EHF knockdown also targeted genes in pathways of epithelial development and differentiation and locomotory behavior. These changes in gene expression coincided with alterations in cellular phenotype including slowed wound closure and increased transepithelial resistance. Our data suggest that EHF regulates gene pathways critical for epithelial response to injury, including those involved in maintenance of barrier function, inflammation and efficient wound repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Fossum
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, IL 60614, USA Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Michael J Mutolo
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| | - Rui Yang
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, IL 60614, USA Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hong Dang
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Wanda K O'Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael R Knowles
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Shih-Hsing Leir
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, IL 60614, USA Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ann Harris
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, IL 60614, USA Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cho MK, Park MK, Kang SA, Caballero ML, Perez-Pinar T, Rodriguez-Perez R, Ock MS, Cha HJ, Hong YC, Yu HS. Allergenicity of two Anisakis simplex allergens evaluated in vivo using an experimental mouse model. Exp Parasitol 2014; 146:71-7. [PMID: 25300761 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Anisakis (Anisakidae) is one of the most important causes of helminth-induced allergic reactions and elicits clinical responses that include urticaria, rhinitis, bronco-constriction, cough, and/or gastrointestinal symptoms. More than 13 reactive allergens have been identified in the serum of Anisakis allergy patients, but the allergenicity of only a few of these have been evaluated in vivo using a mouse model. To evaluate the allergenicity of two important allergens, Ani s 1 and Ani s 9, we induced experimental allergic airway inflammation in a mouse model by repeated intranasal administration of the allergens. Both recombinant proteins (rAni s 1 and rAni s 9) elicited increased airway hyperresponsivity, airway infiltration by inflammatory cells (especially eosinophils), bronchial epithelial cell hyperplasia, all of which are characteristic of allergic airway inflammation. These allergens significantly increased the levels of Th2-related cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-25) and Th17 related cytokines (IL-6 and IL-17) in both splenocytes and airway (except IL-17 in airway by rAni s 9). OVA-specific IgE and total IgE were increased in rAni s 1 and rAni s 9 treated mice as compared with controls treated with OVA alone. In addition, these two allergens induced gene expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and IL-25 (initiators of the Th2 response), as well as CXCL1 (initiator of the Th17 response) in mouse lung epithelial cells. In conclusion, repeated intranasal treatments with rAni s 1 and rAni s 9 induced airway inflammation in mice by elevating of Th2 and Th17 responses in the lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyoung Cho
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Park
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626-870, Republic of Korea; Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 Project, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Ae Kang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626-870, Republic of Korea; Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 Project, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Mee Sun Ock
- Department of Parasitology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 602-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jae Cha
- Department of Parasitology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 602-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Chul Hong
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Sun Yu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626-870, Republic of Korea; Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 Project, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Niu YZ, Gong GQ, Chen S, Chen JJ, Kong WJ, Wang YJ. Effects of IL-17 on expression of GRO-α and IL-8 in fibroblasts from nasal polyps. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 34:591-595. [PMID: 25135733 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-014-1321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies indicated that interleukin (IL)-17, growth-related oncogene (GRO)-α and IL-8 play an important role in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps. However, the effects of the increased amount of IL-17 and the production of GRO-α and IL-8 in human nasal polyp fibroblasts are not completely understood. This study aimed to determine the effects of the increased IL-17 on the changes of GRO-α and IL-8 expression in human nasal polyp fibroblasts and further investigate the mechanism of neutrophil infiltration in nasal polyps. Nasal polyp fibroblasts were isolated from six cases of human nasal polyps, and the cells were stimulated with five different concentrations of IL-17. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of GRO-α and IL-8. The mRNA of GRO-α and IL-8 was expressed in unstimulated controls and remarkably increased by stimulation with IL-17. Moreover, the levels of GRO-α and IL-8 produced by fibroblasts were increased gradually with the increases in IL-17 concentrations. The present study showed that nasal fibroblasts can produce GRO-α and IL-8, and their production is remarkably enhanced by IL-17 stimulation, thereby clarifying the mechanism of the IL-17 mediated neutrophil infiltration in nasal polyps. These findings might provide a rationale for using IL-17 inhibitors as a treatment for nasal inflammatory diseases such as nasal polyps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Zhi Niu
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Guo-Qing Gong
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shan Chen
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jian-Jun Chen
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wei-Jia Kong
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Yan-Jun Wang
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Severa M, Islam SA, Waggoner SN, Jiang Z, Kim ND, Ryan G, Kurt-Jones E, Charo I, Caffrey DR, Boyartchuk VL, Luster AD, Fitzgerald KA. The transcriptional repressor BLIMP1 curbs host defenses by suppressing expression of the chemokine CCL8. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:2291-304. [PMID: 24477914 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional repressor B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (BLIMP1) is a master regulator of B and T cell differentiation. To examine the role of BLIMP1 in innate immunity, we used a conditional knockout (CKO) of Blimp1 in myeloid cells and found that Blimp1 CKO mice were protected from lethal infection induced by Listeria monocytogenes. Transcriptome analysis of Blimp1 CKO macrophages identified the murine chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 8, CCL8, as a direct target of Blimp1-mediated transcriptional repression in these cells. BLIMP1-deficient macrophages expressed elevated levels of Ccl8, and consequently Blimp1 CKO mice had higher levels of circulating CCL8, resulting in increased neutrophils in the peripheral blood, promoting a more aggressive antibacterial response. Mice lacking the Ccl8 gene were more susceptible to L. monocytogenes infection than were wild-type mice. Although CCL8 failed to recruit neutrophils directly, it was chemotactic for γ/δ T cells, and CCL8-responsive γ/δ T cells were enriched for IL-17F. Finally, CCL8-mediated enhanced clearance of L. monocytogenes was dependent on γ/δ T cells. Collectively, these data reveal an important role for BLIMP1 in modulating host defenses by suppressing expression of the chemokine CCL8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Severa
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang Y, Yang E, Pu J, Liu L, Che Y, Wang J, Liao Y, Wang L, Ding D, Zhao T, Ma N, Song M, Wang X, Shen D, Tang D, Huang H, Zhang Z, Chen D, Feng M, Li Q. The gene expression profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from EV71-infected rhesus infants and the significance in viral pathogenesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e83766. [PMID: 24392094 PMCID: PMC3879270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the major pathogen responsible for fatal hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). Our previous work reported on an EV71-infected rhesus monkey infant model that presented with histo-pathologic changes of the central nervous system (CNS) and lungs. This study is focused on the correlated modulation of gene expression in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from EV71-infected rhesus monkey infants. The expression of more than 500 functional genes associated with multiple pathways was modulated. The expression of genes associated with immune inflammatory responses was up-regulated during the period from days 4 to 10 post-infection. The expression of two genes (TAC1 and IL17A), which play major roles in inflammatory reactions, was remarkably up-regulated during the infection period. Furthermore, a higher expression level of the TAC1 gene was identified in the CNS compared to the lungs, but a high expression level of the IL-17A gene was observed in the lungs and not in the CNS. The results of this study suggest at least two facts about EV71 infection, which are that: the TAC1 gene that encodes substance P and neurokinin-A is present in both PBMCs and the hypothalamus; and the up-regulation of IL-17A is sustained in the peripheral blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Erxia Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Pu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Longding Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yanchun Che
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yun Liao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Lichun Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Dong Ding
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Na Ma
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Ming Song
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Dong Shen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Donghong Tang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Hongtai Huang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Zhixiao Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Dai Chen
- Department of Bioinformatic analyses, Novel Bioinformatics Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingfei Feng
- Department of Bioinformatic analyses, Novel Bioinformatics Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihan Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhao R. Immune regulation of bone loss by Th17 cells in oestrogen-deficient osteoporosis. Eur J Clin Invest 2013; 43:1195-202. [PMID: 24033116 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of T helper (Th) 17 cells in autoimmune diseases has been extensively studied recently, but its function in oestrogen-deficient osteoporosis remains undefined. This review aimed to explore the role of Th17 cells in regulating bone loss induced by oestrogen deficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar and Biosis up to 1 February 2013 for immune regulation of oestrogen-deficient osteoporosis by Th17 cells. Terms relevant to immunity, oestrogen deficiency, osteoporosis and Th17 cells were used for database searching. Seventy-five papers met the predetermined searching criteria. RESULTS Studies indicate Th17 lineage to be a potent osteoclastogenic mediator in oestrogen-deficient osteoporosis. Oestrogen deficiency promotes osteoclastogenesis by up-regulating Th17 cell populations in bone marrow and IL-17 levels in peripheral blood. Meanwhile, transcription factors involved in Th17 cell differentiation, such as RORγt and RORα, are highly expressed in ovariectomized animals. Treatment with IL-17 significantly promotes production of RANKL, TNF and IL-6 as well as TRAP(+) cells in culture; blocking IL-17 pathway significantly reduces abundance of Th17 cells and effectively prevents bone loss in ovariectomized mice. CONCLUSIONS The main body of literatures suggests Th17 to be a critical modulator in the pathogenesis of oestrogen-deficient osteoporosis, which supports the notion that oestrogen-deficient osteoporosis is a complex interplay between oestrogen, osteoclastogenic cytokines and osteoclasts. In addition, therapeutic strategies targeting IL-17 networks may be clinically useful in treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renqing Zhao
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Directed evolution of a soluble human IL-17A receptor for the inhibition of psoriasis plaque formation in a mouse model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 20:202-11. [PMID: 23438749 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a T-cell-derived cytokine that promotes inflammatory pathology in autoimmune diseases. Blocking IL-17A interactions with its endogenous IL-17 receptor (IL-17RA) can constitute an important target for therapeutic intervention. Here, we utilized a directed evolution approach to generate soluble IL-17RA mutants that exhibit increased IL-17A binding affinity and thermostability, relative to the wild-type. Human fibroblast cell-based assay and in vivo analysis in mice indicated that two improved IL-17RA mutants efficiently inhibit the secretion of IL-17A-induced proinflammatory cytokines. Analysis of one of these mutants in a psoriasis mouse model showed its efficacy in promoting the recovery of psoriasis plaques. This mutant can be used as a promising drug candidate for the treatment of psoriasis and may be a therapeutic agent for various other autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
|
28
|
IL-17A and Th17 cells in lung inflammation: an update on the role of Th17 cell differentiation and IL-17R signaling in host defense against infection. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:267971. [PMID: 23956759 PMCID: PMC3730142 DOI: 10.1155/2013/267971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The significance of Th17 cells and interleukin- (IL-)17A signaling in host defense and disease development has been demonstrated in various infection and autoimmune models. Numerous studies have indicated that Th17 cells and its signature cytokine IL-17A are critical to the airway's immune response against various bacteria and fungal infection. Cytokines such as IL-23, which are involved in Th17 differentiation, play a critical role in controlling Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumonia) infection. IL-17A acts on nonimmune cells in infected tissues to strengthen innate immunity by inducing the expression of antimicrobial proteins, cytokines, and chemokines. Mice deficient in IL-17 receptor (IL-17R) expression are susceptible to infection by various pathogens. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in unraveling the mechanism behind Th17 cell differentiation, IL-17A/IL-17R signaling, and also the importance of IL-17A in pulmonary infection.
Collapse
|
29
|
Halwani R, Al-Muhsen S, Hamid Q. T helper 17 cells in airway diseases: from laboratory bench to bedside. Chest 2013; 143:494-501. [PMID: 23381314 DOI: 10.1378/chest.12-0598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper 17 (Th17) cytokines are now widely believed to be critical for the regulation of various chronic immune diseases. Investigations have revealed a significant role for IL-17 cytokines in regulating inflammation and modulating lung and airway structural cells in asthma and COPD. In this review, our current understanding of the role of Th17-associated cytokines in airway diseases is summarized. Therapeutic approaches targeting IL-17 during asthma and COPD are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabih Halwani
- Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Al-Muhsen
- Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abdulnour-Nakhoul SM, Al-Tawil Y, Gyftopoulos AA, Brown KL, Hansen M, Butcher KF, Eidelwein AP, Noel RA, Rabon E, Posta A, Nakhoul NL. Alterations in junctional proteins, inflammatory mediators and extracellular matrix molecules in eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Immunol 2013; 148:265-78. [PMID: 23792687 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), an inflammatory atopic disease of the esophagus, causes massive eosinophil infiltration, basal cell hyperplasia, and sub-epithelial fibrosis. To elucidate cellular and molecular factors involved in esophageal tissue damage and remodeling, we examined pinch biopsies from EoE and normal pediatric patients. An inflammation gene array confirmed that eotaxin-3, its receptor CCR3 and interleukins IL-13 and IL-5 were upregulated. An extracellular matrix (ECM) gene array revealed upregulation of CD44 & CD54, and of ECM proteases (ADAMTS1 & MMP14). A cytokine antibody array showed a marked decrease in IL-1α and IL-1 receptor antagonist and an increase in eotaxin-2 and epidermal growth factor. Western analysis indicated reduced expression of intercellular junction proteins, E-cadherin and claudin-1 and increased expression of occludin and vimentin. We have identified a number of novel genes and proteins whose expression is altered in EoE. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the disease.
Collapse
|
31
|
Brosnahan AJ, Vulchanova L, Witta SR, Dai Y, Jones BJ, Brown DR. Norepinephrine potentiates proinflammatory responses of human vaginal epithelial cells. J Neuroimmunol 2013; 259:8-16. [PMID: 23571017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The vaginal epithelium provides a barrier to pathogens and recruits immune defenses through the secretion of cytokines and chemokines. Several studies have shown that mucosal sites are innervated by norepinephrine-containing nerve fibers. Here we report that norepinephrine potentiates the proinflammatory response of human vaginal epithelial cells to products produced by Staphylococcus aureus, a pathogen that causes menstrual toxic shock syndrome. The cells exhibit immunoreactivity for catecholamine synthesis enzymes and the norepinephrine transporter. Moreover, the cells secrete norepinephrine and dopamine at low concentrations. These results indicate that norepinephrine may serve as an autocrine modulator of proinflammatory responses in the vaginal epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Brosnahan
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 75 Animal Science/Veterinary Medicine, 1988 Fitch Ave, Saint Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Xia YC, Redhu NS, Moir LM, Koziol-White C, Ammit AJ, Al-Alwan L, Camoretti-Mercado B, Clifford RL. Pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions of airway smooth muscle: Emerging concepts. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2013; 26:64-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
33
|
Silverpil E, Wright AKA, Hansson M, Jirholt P, Henningsson L, Smith ME, Gordon SB, Iwakura Y, Gjertsson I, Glader P, Lindén A. Negative feedback on IL-23 exerted by IL-17A during pulmonary inflammation. Innate Immun 2013; 19:479-92. [PMID: 23295184 DOI: 10.1177/1753425912470470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now established that IL-17 has a broad pro-inflammatory potential in mammalian host defense, in inflammatory disease and in autoimmunity, whereas little is known about its anti-inflammatory potential and inhibitory feedback mechanisms. Here, we examined whether IL-17A can inhibit the extracellular release of IL-23 protein, the upstream regulator of IL-17A producing lymphocyte subsets, that is released from macrophages during pulmonary inflammation. We characterized the effect of IL-17A on IL-23 release in several models of pulmonary inflammation, evaluated the presence of IL-17 receptor A (RA) and C (RC) on human alveolar macrophages and assessed the role of the Rho family GTPase Rac1 as a mediator of the effect of IL-17A on the release of IL-23 protein. In a model of sepsis-induced pneumonia, intravenous exposure to Staphylococcus aureus caused higher IL-23 protein concentrations in cell-free bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from IL-17A knockout (KO) mice, compared with wild type (WT) control mice. In a model of Gram-negative airway infection, pre-treatment with a neutralizing anti-IL-17A Ab and subsequent intranasal (i.n.) exposure to LPS caused higher IL-23 and IL-17A protein concentrations in BAL samples compared with mice exposed to LPS, but pre-treated with an isotype control Ab. Moreover, i.n. exposure with IL-17A protein per se decreased IL- 23 protein concentrations in BAL samples. We detected IL-17RA and IL-17RC on human alveolar macrophages, and found that in vitro stimulation of these cells with IL-17A protein, after exposure to LPS, decreased IL-23 protein in conditioned medium, but not IL-23 p19 or p40 mRNA. This study indicates that IL-17A can partially inhibit the release of IL-23 protein during pulmonary inflammation, presumably by stimulating the here demonstrated receptor units IL-17RA and IL-17RC on alveolar macrophages. Hypothetically, the demonstrated mechanism may serve as negative feedback to protect from excessive IL-17A signaling and to control antibacterial host defense once it is activated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elin Silverpil
- 1Lung Immunology Group, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition/Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mills KHG, Dungan LS, Jones SA, Harris J. The role of inflammasome-derived IL-1 in driving IL-17 responses. J Leukoc Biol 2012; 93:489-97. [PMID: 23271701 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1012543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
NLRs are members of the PRR family that sense microbial pathogens and mediate host innate immune responses to infection. Certain NLRs can assemble into a multiprotein complex called the inflammasome, which activates casapse-1 required for the cleavage of immature forms of IL-1β and IL-18 into active, mature cytokines. The inflammasome is activated by conserved, exogenous molecules from microbes and nonmicrobial molecules, such as asbestos, alum, or silica, as well as by endogenous danger signals, such as ATP, amyloid-β, and sodium urate crystals. Activation of the inflammasome is a critical event triggering IL-1-driven inflammation and is central to the pathology of autoinflammatory diseases, such as gout and MWS. Recent studies have also shown IL-1 or IL-18, in synergy with IL-23, can promote IL-17-prduction from Th17 cells and γδ T cells, and this process can be regulated by autophagy. IL-1-driven IL-17 production plays a critical role in host protective immunity to infection with fungi, bacteria, and certain viruses. However, Th17 cells and IL-17-seceting γδ T cells, activated by inflammasome-derived IL-1 or IL-18, have major pathogenic roles in many autoimmune diseases. Consequently, inflammasomes are now major drug targets for many autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases, as well as autoinflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kingston H G Mills
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Liu HC, Lu MC, Lin YC, Wu TC, Hsu JY, Jan MS, Chen CM. Differences in IL-8 in serum and exhaled breath condensate from patients with exacerbated COPD or asthma attacks. J Formos Med Assoc 2012; 113:908-14. [PMID: 25530067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2012.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The collection of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a noninvasive method that can be used to monitor the inflammatory status of patients with chronic airway diseases. We aimed to study differences in cytokine expression between patients with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and patients with asthma attacks. METHODS Using a custom-made device and methods based on American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) recommendations, EBC samples were collected from nine COPD patients, 12 asthma patients and 10 healthy individuals. Cytokine concentrations in serum and EBC were measured via commercial ELISA kits. RESULTS Of four cytokines measured in EBC [interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-17, IL-4 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)], only IL-8 was significantly higher in COPD than in asthma patients (5.27 ± 0.18 vs. 4.36 ± 0.34 pg/mL, p = 0.001). Moreover, COPD patients had higher serum IL-8 than asthma patients (10.57 ± 0.55 vs. 5.15 ± 0.24 pg/mL, p < 0.001). No significant correlation between serum and EBC cytokine concentrations was observed in each subgroup of patients. CONCLUSION Compared with patients with asthma attacks, patients with exacerbated COPD had increased IL-8 expression in both serum and EBC. These results suggest that IL-8 may be more important in airway and systemic inflammation in COPD exacerbations than in asthma attacks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Chung Liu
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital and Cheng Ching Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chi Lu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chin Wu
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital and Cheng Ching Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Yuan Hsu
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiou Jan
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
A distinct regulatory role of Th17 cytokines IL-17A and IL-17F in chemokine secretion from lung microvascular endothelial cells. Inflammation 2012; 35:1119-31. [PMID: 22219048 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-011-9419-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Th17 cytokines IL-17A and IL-17F play a critical role in the activation and recruitment of neutrophils at airway inflammation mainly through the induction of CXC chemokines in the lungs. Vascular endothelial cells belong to the category of major CXC chemokine-producing cells. However, until now, the precise role of Th17 cytokines in CXC chemokine secretion in lung microvascular endothelial cells (LMVECs) has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we examined the biological effects of Th17 cytokines IL-17A and IL-17F on CXCL1, CXCL5, and CXCL8 release in LMVECs. Both IL-17 receptor A (IL-17RA) and IL-17RC are expressed on the surface of LMVECs. In contrast to IL-17F, IL-17A significantly upregulated CXCL1 mRNA expression and protein release, whereas both IL-17A and IL-17F did not have the ability to induce CXCL5 and CXCL8 secretion in LMVECs. IL-17A and IL-17F displayed positive regulatory effects on IL-1β-induced CXCL1, CXCL5, and CXCL8 secretion. On the other hand, IL-17A enhanced the upregulating effect of TNF-α on CXCL1, CXCL5, and CXCL8 release, whereas IL-17F had a negative regulatory effect on TNF-α-mediated secretion. Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 showed an inhibitory effect on IL-1β plus IL-17A-induced CXCL1, CXCL5, and CXCL8 secretion, but displayed a positive regulatory effect on TNF-α plus IL-17A-induced secretion. These results provide evidence that Th17 cytokines IL-17A and IL-17F have a distinct regulatory role in CXCL1, CXCL5, and CXCL8 expression in LMVECs stimulated either with IL-1β or with TNF-α. Our findings also suggest that CXC chemokine secretion in LMVECs may be complicatedly regulated by Th17 cytokines, Th2 cytokines, and macrophage-associated cytokines in pathological conditions such as bronchial asthma.
Collapse
|
37
|
Al-Alwan LA, Chang Y, Baglole CJ, Risse PA, Halayko AJ, Martin JG, Eidelman DH, Hamid Q. Autocrine-regulated airway smooth muscle cell migration is dependent on IL-17-induced growth-related oncogenes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 130:977-85.e6. [PMID: 22698519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway smooth muscle cell (ASMC) migration is one of the proposed mechanisms underlying the increased airway smooth muscle mass seen in airway remodeling of patients with severe asthma. IL-17-related cytokines are a new subgroup of inflammatory mediators that have been suggested to play a role in regulating smooth muscle function. We hypothesized that IL-17-induced chemokine production from smooth muscle cells can contribute to migration of additional smooth muscle cells in the airways of asthmatic patients. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the effect of IL-17 on smooth muscle-derived chemokines and to examine the mechanisms involved in their production and contribution to the increase in airway smooth muscle migration. METHODS The effect of IL-17-induced supernatants on human ASMC migration was investigated. IL-17-induced growth-related oncogene (GRO) production and mRNA expression was assessed by using ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. The direct effect of GROs on ASMC migration and the involvement of the CXCR2 receptor were also examined. RESULTS IL-17-induced supernatants promoted ASMC migration. After IL-17 stimulation, GROs were the most abundant chemokines produced from ASMCs, and blocking their effect by using neutralizing antibodies significantly inhibited ASMC migration. In addition, a combination of recombinant human GRO-α, GRO-β, and GRO-γ was able to promote significant migration of ASMCs that was mediated through the CXCR2 receptor. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that IL-17-induced GROs can be an important mediator of ASMC migration and therefore might contribute to the pathogenesis of airway remodeling in asthmatic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laila A Al-Alwan
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories and the Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
IL-17/IL-17 receptor system in autoimmune disease: mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Clin Sci (Lond) 2012; 122:487-511. [PMID: 22324470 DOI: 10.1042/cs20110496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
IL-17 (interleukin-17), a hallmark cytokine of Th17 (T-helper 17) cells, plays critical roles in host defence against bacterial and fungal infections, as well as in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. The present review focuses on current knowledge of the regulation, functional mechanisms and targeting strategies of IL-17 in the context of inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Evidence shows that IL-17 is highly up-regulated at sites of inflammatory tissues of autoimmune diseases and amplifies the inflammation through synergy with other cytokines, such as TNF (tumour necrosis factor) α. Although IL-17 was originally thought to be produced mainly by Th17 cells, a newly defined T-cell subset with a specific differentiation programme and tight regulation, several other cell types (especially innate immune cells) are also found as important sources for IL-17 production. Although IL-17 activates common downstream signalling, including NF-κB (nuclear factor κB), MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases), C/EBPs (CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins) and mRNA stability, the immediate receptor signalling has been shown to be quite unique and tightly regulated. Mouse genetic studies have demonstrated a critical role for IL-17 in the pathogenesis of variety of inflammatory autoimmune diseases, such as RA (rheumatoid arthritis) and MS (multiple sclerosis). Importantly, promising results have been shown in initial clinical trials of monoclonal antibodies against IL-17 or its receptor (IL-17R) to block IL-17-mediated function in treating autoimmune patients with psoriasis, RA and MS. Therefore targeting IL-17/IL-17R, IL-17-producing pathways or IL-17-mediated signalling pathways can be considered for future therapy in autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
|
39
|
Bobic S, Seys S, De Vooght V, Callebaut I, Hox V, Dooms C, Vinckier S, Jonckx B, Saint-Remy JM, Stassen JM, Bullens DMA, Ceuppens JL, Carmeliet P, Hellings PW. Placental growth factor contributes to bronchial neutrophilic inflammation and edema in allergic asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 46:781-9. [PMID: 22268141 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0152oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental growth factor (PlGF) and its receptor vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) play an important role in pathological conditions related to angiogenesis, vascular leakage, and inflammation. This study investigated their contributions to inflammation and the formation of edema in allergic asthma. The expression of PlGF and VEGFR1 was measured in induced sputum of patients with asthma (n = 11) and healthy subjects (n = 11), and in bronchial biopsies of house dust mite (HDM)-allergic patients stimulated with HDM allergens. The effects of the endonasal administration of human PlGF-2 and PlGF deficiency on inflammation and edema were evaluated in a murine model of allergic asthma. The migration of human neutrophils in response to hPlGF-2 was tested in vitro. The expression of PlGF and VEGFR1 was significantly higher in the sputum of patients with asthma, and in Der p 1-induced PlGF in biopsies from HDM-allergic patients. PlGF was increased in the bronchi of ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged mice compared with control mice (65 ± 17 pg/mg versus 18 ± 1 pg/mg, respectively; P < 0.01), and VEGFR1 was expressed in bronchial epithelium, endothelium (control mice), and inflammatory cells (OVA-challenged mice). The endonasal instillation of hPlGF-2 in wild-type, OVA-challenged mice led to an increase in bronchial neutrophils, lung tissue wet/dry ratio, and IL-17. PlGF-deficient mice showed lower numbers of BAL-infiltrating neutrophils, a reduced lung wet/dry ratio, and lower production of IL-17, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and granulocyte chemotactic protein-2/LPS-induced chemokine compared with wild-type, OVA-challenged mice. hPlGF-2 induced the migration of human neutrophils in vitro in a VEGFR1-dependent way. PlGF and its receptor VEGFR1 are up-regulated in allergic asthma and play a proinflammatory role by inducing tissue edema, and increasing tissue neutrophilia and the production of IL-17.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Bobic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Catholic University Hospitals, Kapucijnevoer 33, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Takei-Taniguchi R, Imai Y, Ishikawa C, Sakaguchi Y, Nakagawa N, Tsuda T, Hollenberg MD, Yamanishi K. Interleukin-17- and protease-activated receptor 2-mediated production of CXCL1 and CXCL8 modulated by cyclosporine A, vitamin D3 and glucocorticoids in human keratinocytes. J Dermatol 2011; 39:625-31. [PMID: 22211698 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2011.01462.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) is a G protein-coupled receptor which mediates a variety of functions in the skin including cutaneous inflammation. SLIGKV-NH(2) , an agonist peptide for PAR2, enhanced the interleukin (IL)-17-induced production of two CXC chemokines, CXCL1 (GRO-α) and CXCL8 (IL-8), in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) in a concentration-dependent manner. The enhanced production of those chemokines was suppressed by a PAR2-specific siRNA. The SLIGKV-NH(2) -induced production of both CXCL1 and CXCL8 was markedly reduced by cyclosporine A. The enhanced production of CXCL1 was suppressed by 1α, 24R-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) , an active form of vitamin D(3) , and weakly by glucocorticoids, dexamethasone and clobetasol propionate, whereas production of CXCL8 was not altered by any of those receptor agonists. In psoriatic skin, the thickened upper spinous layer of the epidermis was positive for PAR2 protein and the expression of the IL17A mRNA was increased. These results suggest that the IL-17-induced pro-inflammatory reaction is enhanced by the activation of PAR2 in keratinocytes, and that the effect of PAR2 is differentially modulated by cyclosporine A, the active form of vitamin D(3) and glucocorticoids.
Collapse
|
41
|
Park HK, Cho MK, Park MK, Kang SA, Kim YS, Kim KU, Lee MK, Ock MS, Cha HJ, Yu HS. A 24 kDa excretory-secretory protein of Anisakis simplex larvae could elicit allergic airway inflammation in mice. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2011; 49:373-80. [PMID: 22355204 PMCID: PMC3279675 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2011.49.4.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We have reported that a 24 kDa protein (22U homologous; As22U) of Anisakis simplex larvae could elicit several Th2-related chemokine gene expressions in the intestinal epithelial cell line which means that As22U may play a role as an allergen. In order to determine the contribution of As22U to allergic reactions, we treated mice with 6 times intra-nasal application of recombinant As22U (rAs22U). In the group challenged with rAs22U and ovalbumin (OVA), the number of eosinophils in the bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was significantly increased, as compared to the group receiving only OVA. In addition, mice treated with rAs22U and OVA showed significantly increased airway hyperresponsiveness. Thus, severe inflammation around the airway and immune cell recruitment was observed in mice treated with rAs22U plus OVA. The levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 cytokines in the BALF increased significantly after treatment with rAs22U and OVA. Similarly, the levels of anti-OVA specific IgE and IgG1 increased in mice treated with rAs22U and OVA, compared to those treated only with OVA. The Gro-α (CXCL1) gene expression in mouse lung epithelial cells increased instantly after treatment with rAs22U, and allergy-specific chemokines eotaxin (CCL11) and thymus-and-activation-regulated-chemokine (CCL17) gene expressions significantly increased at 6 hr after treatment. In conclusion, rAs22U may induce airway allergic inflammation, as the result of enhanced Th2 and Th17 responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Kyung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abe M, Yagi M, Wakasugi Y, Hattori H, Uno K. A study of elevated interleukin-8 (CXCL8) and detection of leukocyte migration inhibitory activity in patients allergic to beta-lactam antibiotics. Allergol Int 2011; 60:497-504. [PMID: 21778813 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.10-oa-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The leukocyte migration test (LMT) is effective in identifying the causative drug in drug allergies. Both leukocyte migration activating activity (LMAA) and leukocyte migration inhibitory activity (LMIA) are involved in the development of drug allergies. However, no cytokines associated with LMIA have been identified to date. Because CXCL8 played an important role in neutrophil infiltration and activation, we performed the LMT and measured CXCL8 levels in patients with hypersensitivity to beta-lactam antibiotics (beta-lactams) and antipyretic analgesics (APAs) and investigated the pathogenic mechanism of hypersensitivity to these drugs. METHODS The LMT was performed according to an improved version of the agarose plate method and CXCL8 levels in the reacted solution that had been stored as described were measured using a solid-phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Migration index (MI) values for the LMT were 77.7 ± 11.7 for patients with hypersensitivity to beta-lactams and 83.6 ± 1.9 for those with hypersensitivity to APAs. The CXCL8 concentrations were significantly higher in patients after beta-lactams administration (175.9 ± 71.2 ng/mL) than those without beta-lactams administration (48.3 ± 34.9 ng/mL). The CXCL8 concentrations were significantly lower in patients after APAs administration (41.7 ± 24.3 ng/mL) than those without APAs administration (63.1 ± 30.2 ng/mL). CONCLUSIONS Increased CXCL8 levels produced by beta-lactams administration were accompanied by LMIA. CXCL8 may be involved in LMIA and play a role in beta-lactam allergies. In contrast, the LMIA detected in patients with allergies to APAs may be a cytokine or chemokine other than CXCL8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Abe
- Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Aujla SJ, Alcorn JF. T(H)17 cells in asthma and inflammation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2011; 1810:1066-79. [PMID: 21315804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chronic airway disease asthma causes significant burden to patients as well as the healthcare system with limited options for prevention or cure. Inadequate treatment strategies are most likely due to the complex heterogeneous nature of asthma. Furthermore, the severe asthma phenotype is characterized by the lack of a response to standard medication, namely, corticosteroids. SCOPE OF REVIEW In the last several years it has been shown that the eosinophilic/atopic phenotype of asthma driven by T(H)2 mechanisms is not the only immunologic pathway contributing to disease. In fact, there has been evidence revealing that severe asthmatics in particular have neutrophilic inflammation, and this is associated with corticosteroid resistance. T(H)17 cells, a recently discovered lineage of T helper cells, play an important role in lung host defense against multiple pathogens via production of the cytokine IL-17. IL-17 promotes neutrophil production and chemotaxis via multiple factors. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Mouse and human studies provide robust evidence that T(H)17 cells and IL-17 play a role in severe asthma and may contribute to corticosteroid resistance. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE As we learn more about T(H)17 cells in severe asthma, the goal is to potentially target this pathway for treatment in the hope of significantly improving the quality of life for those children and adults affected with this disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Biochemistry of Asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shean J Aujla
- Department of Pedaitrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pitsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Dungan LS, Mills KHG. Caspase-1-processed IL-1 family cytokines play a vital role in driving innate IL-17. Cytokine 2011; 56:126-32. [PMID: 21824786 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-1 cyokine family plays a vital role in inflammatory responses during infection and in autoimmune diseases. The pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18 are members of the IL-1 family that require cleavage by caspase-1 in the inflammasome to generate the mature active cytokines. Cells of the innate immune system, including γδ T cells and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells respond rapidly to invading pathogens by producing inflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-γ and IL-17. IL-1β or IL-18 in combination with IL-23 can induce IL-17 production by γδ T cells without T cell receptor (TCR) engagement. IL-1β and IL-23 can also synergize to induce IL-17 production by iNKT cells. Furthermore, CD4+ αβ effector memory T cells secrete IL-17 in response to IL-23 in combination with either IL-1β or IL-18, in the absence of any TCR stimulation. The early IL-17 produced by innate cells induces recruitment of neutrophils to the site of infection, stimulates local epithelial cells to secrete anti-microbial proteins, such as lipocalins and calgranulins, induces production of structural proteins important in tight junction stability, and promotes production of matrix metalloproteinases. Caspase-1 processed IL-1 family cytokines therefore play a vital role in the innate immune response and induction of IL-17 from innate immune cells which functions to fight infections and promote autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara S Dungan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Akdis M, Burgler S, Crameri R, Eiwegger T, Fujita H, Gomez E, Klunker S, Meyer N, O'Mahony L, Palomares O, Rhyner C, Ouaked N, Quaked N, Schaffartzik A, Van De Veen W, Zeller S, Zimmermann M, Akdis CA. Interleukins, from 1 to 37, and interferon-γ: receptors, functions, and roles in diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127:701-21.e1-70. [PMID: 21377040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Advancing our understanding of mechanisms of immune regulation in allergy, asthma, autoimmune diseases, tumor development, organ transplantation, and chronic infections could lead to effective and targeted therapies. Subsets of immune and inflammatory cells interact via ILs and IFNs; reciprocal regulation and counter balance among T(h) and regulatory T cells, as well as subsets of B cells, offer opportunities for immune interventions. Here, we review current knowledge about ILs 1 to 37 and IFN-γ. Our understanding of the effects of ILs has greatly increased since the discoveries of monocyte IL (called IL-1) and lymphocyte IL (called IL-2); more than 40 cytokines are now designated as ILs. Studies of transgenic or knockout mice with altered expression of these cytokines or their receptors and analyses of mutations and polymorphisms in human genes that encode these products have provided important information about IL and IFN functions. We discuss their signaling pathways, cellular sources, targets, roles in immune regulation and cellular networks, roles in allergy and asthma, and roles in defense against infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kim H, Kim JY, Song HS, Park KU, Mun KC, Ha E. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract inhibits interleukin-17-induced interleukin-6 production via MAPK pathway in human pulmonary epithelial cells. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 383:555-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-011-0633-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
47
|
Chang Y, Nadigel J, Boulais N, Bourbeau J, Maltais F, Eidelman DH, Hamid Q. CD8 positive T cells express IL-17 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Res 2011; 12:43. [PMID: 21477350 PMCID: PMC3082241 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-12-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive and irreversible chronic inflammatory disease of the lung. The nature of the immune reaction in COPD raises the possibility that IL-17 and related cytokines may contribute to this disorder. This study analyzed the expression of IL-17A and IL-17F as well as the phenotype of cells producing them in bronchial biopsies from COPD patients. METHODS Bronchoscopic biopsies of the airway were obtained from 16 COPD subjects (GOLD stage 1-4) and 15 control subjects. Paraffin sections were used for the investigation of IL-17A and IL-17F expression in the airways by immunohistochemistry, and frozen sections were used for the immunofluorescence double staining of IL-17A or IL-17F paired with CD4 or CD8. In order to confirm the expression of IL-17A and IL-17F at the mRNA level, a quantitative RT-PCR was performed on the total mRNA extracted from entire section or CD8 positive cells selected by laser capture microdissection. RESULTS IL-17F immunoreactivity was significantly higher in the bronchial biopsies of COPD patients compared to control subjects (P < 0.0001). In the submucosa, the absolute number of both IL-17A and IL-17F positive cells was higher in COPD patients (P < 0.0001). After adjusting for the total number of cells in the submucosa, we still found that more cells were positive for both IL-17A (P < 0.0001) and IL-17F (P < 0.0001) in COPD patients compared to controls. The mRNA expression of IL-17A and IL-17F in airways of COPD patients was confirmed by RT-PCR. The expression of IL-17A and IL-17F was co-localized with not only CD4 but also CD8, which was further confirmed by RT-PCR on laser capture microdissection selected CD8 positive cells. CONCLUSION These findings support the notion that Th17 cytokines could play important roles in the pathogenesis of COPD, raising the possibility of using this mechanism as the basis for novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chang
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine McGill University, 3626 rue St, Urbain, Montreal, QC, H2X 2P2 Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Xiong W, Zeng D, Xu Y, Fang H, Cao Y, Song Q, Cao C. Expression of interleukin-17 in lung and peripheral blood of asthmatic rats and the influence of dexamethasone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 27:498-500. [PMID: 18060619 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-007-0505-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The expression of interleukin-17 (IL-17) in lung and peripheral blood of asthmatic rats and the influence of dexamethasone, and the role of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of asthma were investigated. Thirty Sprague-Dawley (SD) adult rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=10 in each group): normal group, asthmatic group, and dexamethasone-interfered group. Rat asthmatic model was established by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 10% ovalbumin (OVA) and challenge with 1% OVA via inhalation. Rats in dexamethasone-interfered group were pretreated with dexamethasone (2 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min before each challenge. The expression of IL-17 protein in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was detected by ELISA. The expression of IL-17 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and BALF cells was semi-quantitatively detected by RT-PCR. The expression of IL-17 protein in serum and BALF of asthmatic rats was significantly elevated as compared with normal rats and dexamethasone-interfered rats (P<0.01), and there was significant difference between normal rats and dexamethasone-interfered rats (P<0.05). The expression of IL-17 mRNA in PBMC and BALF cells of asthmatic rats was markedly increased as compared with normal rats and dexamethasone-interfered rats (P<0.01), and significant difference was found between normal rats and dexamethasone-interfered rats (P<0.05). It was concluded that the expression of IL-17 was increased significantly in asthmatic rats and could be inhibited partly by dexamethasone, suggesting that IL-17 might play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma as an inflammation regulation factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weining Xiong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Xie XJ, Ye YF, Zhou L, Xie HY, Jiang GP, Feng XW, He Y, Xie QF, Zheng SS. Th17 promotes acute rejection following liver transplantation in rats. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2010; 11:819-27. [PMID: 21043049 PMCID: PMC2970890 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
T help cell 17 (Th17), recently identified as a new subset of CD4(+) T cells, has been implicated in autoimmune diseases, tumor immunity, and transplant rejection. To investigate the role of Th17 in acute hepatic rejection, a rat model of allogeneic liver transplantation (Dark Agouti (DA) to Brown Norway (BN)) was established and isogeneic liver transplantation (BN to BN) was used as controls in the study. The expression of Th17-related cytokines in the liver and peripheral blood was determined by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), or real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Strong expression of interleukin-17A (IL-17A), IL-6, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), IL-8, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) was observed in liver allografts. The ratios of Th17 to CD4(+) lymphocytes in the liver and peripheral blood were dramatically increased in the allograft group compared with the control (P<0.01). Secreted IL-17 and IL-6 in liver homogenate and serum were significantly elevated in the allograft group, while secreted TGF-β was increased in liver homogenate and decreased in serum compared with the control (P<0.01). The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of IL-17, IL-21, and IL-23 were enhanced in the allografts compared with the control (P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed significant correlations between IL-17 and IL-6 and TGF-β and between IL-17 and IL-21 and IL-23. The present study demonstrates that Th17 plays a role in promoting rat liver allograft rejection.
Collapse
|
50
|
Cho MK, Ahn SC, Kim DH, Yu HS. Parasite excretory-secretory proteins elicit TRIF dependent CXCL1 and IL-6 mediated allergic inflammation. Parasite Immunol 2010; 32:354-60. [PMID: 20500664 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2009.01195.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Currently, little information is available regarding innate immunity to helminthic parasite infection. In this study, we isolated the excretory-secretory (ES) proteins from Anisakis simplex (sea mammal intestinal parasite) third stage larva. We determined that the levels of IL-17 in the lung and lung draining lymph node of mice were increased sixfold as a result of intranasal treatment with ES proteins. The ES protein treatment elicited pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine secretion (especially IL-6 and CXCL1) from mouse lung epithelial cell line and primary lung epithelial cells. In addition, the expression of IL-6 and CXCL1 in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells was significantly increased by the ES protein treatment, but we did not detect these effects in the TRIF(-/-) MEF cells. These elevations of IL-6 and CXCL1 expression were also not diminished by RNase treatment. In conclusion, the ES proteins of helminthic parasite larva may elicit TRIF dependent pro-inflammatory cytokines, and this is not double-stranded RNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K Cho
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|