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Tezuka H, Imai S. Fine-tuning of mononuclear phagocytes for improved inflammatory responses: role of soybean-derived immunomodulatory compounds. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1399687. [PMID: 38854165 PMCID: PMC11157127 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1399687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The concept of inflammation encompasses beneficial and detrimental aspects, which are referred to as infectious and sterile inflammations, respectively. Infectious inflammation plays a crucial role in host defense, whereas sterile inflammation encompasses allergic, autoimmune, and lifestyle-related diseases, leading to detrimental effects. Dendritic cells and macrophages, both of which are representative mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs), are essential for initiating immune responses, suggesting that the regulation of MNPs limits excessive inflammation. In this context, dietary components with immunomodulatory properties have been identified. Among them, soybean-derived compounds, including isoflavones, saponins, flavonoids, and bioactive peptides, act directly on MNPs to fine-tune immune responses. Notably, some soybean-derived compounds have demonstrated the ability to alleviate the symptom of allergy and autoimmunity in mouse models. In this review, we introduce and summarize the roles of soybean-derived compounds on MNP-mediated inflammatory responses. Understanding the mechanism by which soybean-derived molecules regulate MNPs could provide valuable insights for designing safe immunomodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tezuka
- Department of Cellular Function Analysis, Research Promotion Headquarters, Fujita Health University (FHU), Aichi, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Imai
- Department of Cellular Function Analysis, Research Promotion Headquarters, Fujita Health University (FHU), Aichi, Japan
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Metabolic Function, Kanagawa, Japan
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2
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Zheng H, Wu X, Guo L, Liu J. MyD88 signaling pathways: role in breast cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1336696. [PMID: 38347830 PMCID: PMC10859757 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1336696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
MyD88 plays a central role in breast cancer, exerting a multitude of effects that carry substantial implications. Elevated MyD88 expression is closely associated with aggressive tumor characteristics, suggesting its potential as a valuable prognostic marker and therapeutic target. MyD88 exerts influence over several critical aspects of breast cancer, including metastasis, recurrence, drug resistance, and the regulation of cancer stem cell properties. Furthermore, MyD88 modulates the release of inflammatory and chemotactic factors, thereby shaping the tumor's immune microenvironment. Its role in immune response modulation underscores its potential in influencing the dynamic interplay between tumors and the immune system. MyD88 primarily exerts intricate effects on tumor progression through pathways such as Phosphoinositide 3-kinases/Protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), Toll-like Receptor/Nuclear Factor Kappa B (TLR/NF-κB), and others. Nevertheless, in-depth research is essential to unveil the precise mechanisms underlying the diverse roles of MyD88 in breast cancer. The translation of these findings into clinical applications holds great promise for advancing precision medicine approaches for breast cancer patients, ultimately enhancing prognosis and enabling the development of more effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinhong Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liantao Guo
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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3
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Orchanian SB, Lodoen MB. Monocytes as primary defenders against Toxoplasma gondii infection. Trends Parasitol 2023; 39:837-849. [PMID: 37633758 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Monocytes are recruited from the bone marrow to sites of infection where they release cytokines and chemokines, function in antimicrobial immunity, and differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells to control infection. Although many studies have focused on monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells, recent work has examined the unique roles of monocytes during infection to promote immune defense. We focus on the effector functions of monocytes during infection with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, and discuss the signals that mobilize monocytes to sites of infection, their production of inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial mediators, their ability to shape the adaptive immune response, and their immunoregulatory functions. Insights from other infections, including Plasmodium and Listeria are also included for comparison and context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie B Orchanian
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Melissa B Lodoen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
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4
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Wolff BS, Alshawi SA, Feng LR, Juneau PL, Saligan LN. Inflammation plays a causal role in fatigue-like behavior induced by pelvic irradiation in mice. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 15:100264. [PMID: 34589770 PMCID: PMC8474574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatigue is a persistent and debilitating symptom following radiation therapy for prostate cancer. However, it is not well-understood how radiation targeted to a small region of the body can lead to broad changes in behavior. In this study, we used targeted pelvic irradiation of healthy male mice to test whether inflammatory signaling mediates changes in voluntary physical activity levels. First, we tested the relationship between radiation dose, blood cell counts, and fatigue-like behavior measured as voluntary wheel-running activity. Next, we used oral minocycline treatments to reduce inflammation and found that minocycline reduces, but does not eliminate, the fatigue-like behavioral changes induced by radiation. We also used a strain of mice lacking the MyD88 adaptor protein and found that these mice also showed less fatigue-like behavior than the wild-type controls. Finally, using serum and brain tissue samples, we determined changes in inflammatory signaling induced by irradiation in wild-type, minocycline treated, and MyD88 knockout mice. We found that irradiation increased serum levels of IL-6, a change that was partially reversed in mice treated with minocycline or lacking MyD88. Overall, our results suggest that inflammation plays a causal role in radiation-induced fatigue and that IL-6 may be an important mediator.
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Key Words
- CCL, chemokine (CC) ligand
- CD30 L, CD30 ligand
- CFS, chronic fatigue syndrome
- CRF, cancer-related fatigue
- CXCL, chemokine (CXC) ligand
- Cancer-related fatigue
- Cytokines
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- Fas-L, Fas Ligand
- Fatigue
- G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
- GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- ICAM, intercellular adhesion molecule
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- Inflammation
- LIF, leukemia inhibitory factor
- M-CSF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- MCV, mean corpuscular volume
- Minocycline
- MyD88, myeloid differentiation primary response 88 protein
- PDGF-bb, platelet-derived growth factor subunit B
- RANTES, regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted
- RBC, red blood cell
- Radiotherapy
- TIMP, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VWRA, voluntary wheel running activity
- Voluntary wheel-running activity
- WBC, white blood cell
- myd88
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Wolff
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarah A Alshawi
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Li Rebekah Feng
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul L Juneau
- NIH Library, Office of Research Services, OD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA/Contractor- Zimmerman Associates, Inc., Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Leorey N Saligan
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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5
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Orozco SL, Canny SP, Hamerman JA. Signals governing monocyte differentiation during inflammation. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 73:16-24. [PMID: 34411882 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes are innate immune cells that develop in the bone marrow and are continually released into circulation, where they are poised to enter tissues in response to homeostatic or inflammatory cues. Monocytes are highly plastic cells that can differentiate in tissues into a variety of monocyte-derived cells to replace resident tissue macrophages, promote inflammatory responses, or resolution of inflammation. As such, monocytes can support tissue homeostasis as well as productive and pathogenic immune responses. Recent work shows previously unappreciated heterogeneity in monocyte development and differentiation in the steady state and during infectious, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases. Monocyte-derived cells can differentiate via signals from cytokines, pattern recognition receptors or other factors, which can influence development in the bone marrow or in tissues. An improved understanding of these monocyte-derived cells and the signals that drive their differentiation in distinct inflammatory settings could allow for targeting these pathways in pathological inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana L Orozco
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 9th Avenue, Seattle 98101, WA, USA
| | - Susan P Canny
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 9th Avenue, Seattle 98101, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle 98195, WA, USA
| | - Jessica A Hamerman
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 9th Avenue, Seattle 98101, WA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Washington, 750 Republican St., Seattle 98109, WA, USA.
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6
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Volmari A, Foelsch K, Zierz E, Yan K, Qi M, Bartels K, Kondratowicz S, Boettcher M, Reimers D, Nishibori M, Liu K, Schwabe RF, Lohse AW, Huber S, Mittruecker HW, Huebener P. Leukocyte-Derived High-Mobility Group Box 1 Governs Hepatic Immune Responses to Listeria monocytogenes. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:2104-2120. [PMID: 34558858 PMCID: PMC8631102 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nucleoprotein with proinflammatory functions following cellular release during tissue damage. Moreover, antibody-mediated HMGB1 neutralization alleviates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced shock, suggesting a role for HMGB1 as a superordinate therapeutic target for inflammatory and infectious diseases. Recent genetic studies have indicated cell-intrinsic functions of HMGB1 in phagocytes as critical elements of immune responses to infections, yet the role of extracellular HMGB1 signaling in this context remains elusive. We performed antibody-mediated and genetic HMGB1 deletion studies accompanied by in vitro experiments to discern context-dependent cellular sources and functions of extracellular HMGB1 during murine bloodstream infection with Listeria monocytogenes. Antibody-mediated neutralization of extracellular HMGB1 favors bacterial dissemination and hepatic inflammation in mice. Hepatocyte HMGB1, a key driver of postnecrotic inflammation in the liver, does not affect Listeria-induced inflammation or mortality. While we confirm that leukocyte HMGB1 deficiency effectuates disseminated listeriosis, we observed no evidence of dysfunctional autophagy, xenophagy, intracellular bacterial degradation, or inflammatory gene induction in primary HMGB1-deficient phagocytes or altered immune responses to LPS administration. Instead, we demonstrate that mice devoid of leukocyte HMGB1 exhibit impaired hepatic recruitment of inflammatory monocytes early during listeriosis, resulting in alterations of the transcriptional hepatic immune response and insufficient control of bacterial dissemination. Bone marrow chimera indicate that HMGB1 from both liver-resident and circulating immune cells contributes to effective pathogen control. Conclusion: Leukocyte-derived extracellular HMGB1 is a critical cofactor in the immunologic control of bloodstream listeriosis. HMGB1 neutralization strategies preclude an efficient host immune response against Listeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Volmari
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Foelsch
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Zierz
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Yan
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Minyue Qi
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karlotta Bartels
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kondratowicz
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marius Boettcher
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Reimers
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Masahiro Nishibori
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keyue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Ansgar W Lohse
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Peter Huebener
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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7
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Martí I Líndez AA, Reith W. Arginine-dependent immune responses. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5303-5324. [PMID: 34037806 PMCID: PMC8257534 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03828-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that, over the course of evolution of the immune system, arginine has been selected as a node for the regulation of immune responses. An appropriate supply of arginine has long been associated with the improvement of immune responses. In addition to being a building block for protein synthesis, arginine serves as a substrate for distinct metabolic pathways that profoundly affect immune cell biology; especially macrophage, dendritic cell and T cell immunobiology. Arginine availability, synthesis, and catabolism are highly interrelated aspects of immune responses and their fine-tuning can dictate divergent pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory immune outcomes. Here, we review the organismal pathways of arginine metabolism in humans and rodents, as essential modulators of the availability of this semi-essential amino acid for immune cells. We subsequently review well-established and novel findings on the functional impact of arginine biosynthetic and catabolic pathways on the main immune cell lineages. Finally, as arginine has emerged as a molecule impacting on a plethora of immune functions, we integrate key notions on how the disruption or perversion of arginine metabolism is implicated in pathologies ranging from infectious diseases to autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walter Reith
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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8
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TLR4 biased small molecule modulators. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 228:107918. [PMID: 34171331 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biased pharmacological modulators provide potential therapeutic benefits, including greater pharmacodynamic specificity, increased efficiency and reduced adverse effects. Therefore, the identification of such modulators as drug candidates is highly desirable. Currently, attention was mainly paid to biased signaling modulators targeting G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The biased signaling modulation of non-GPCR receptors has yet to be exploited. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is one such non-GPCR receptor, which involves MyD88-dependent and TRIF-dependent signaling pathways. Moreover, the dysregulation of TLR4 contributes to numerous diseases, which highlights the importance of biased modulator development targeting TLR4. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the recent progress in the discovery of biased modulators of TLR4. The challenges and methods for the discovery of TLR4 biased modulators are also outlined. Small molecules biasedly modulating the TLR4 signaling axis not only provide probes to fine-tune receptor conformation and signaling but also provide an opportunity to identify promising drug candidates. The discovery of biased modulators of TLR4 would provide insight for the future development of biased modulators for other non-GPCR receptors.
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9
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Bae S, Park PSU, Lee Y, Mun SH, Giannopoulou E, Fujii T, Lee KP, Violante SN, Cross JR, Park-Min KH. MYC-mediated early glycolysis negatively regulates proinflammatory responses by controlling IRF4 in inflammatory macrophages. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109264. [PMID: 34133930 PMCID: PMC8257047 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC activates different metabolic programs in a cell-type- and cell-status-dependent manner. However, the role of MYC in inflammatory macrophages has not yet been determined. Metabolic and molecular analyses reveal that MYC, but not hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF1), is involved in enhancing early glycolytic flux during inflammatory macrophage polarization. Ablation of MYC decreases lactate production by regulating lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and causes increased inflammatory cytokines by regulating interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) in response to lipopolysaccharide. Moreover, myeloid-specific deletion of MYC and pharmacological inhibition of the MYC/LDH axis enhance inflammation and the bacterial clearance in vivo. These results elucidate the potential role of the MYC/LDH/IRF4 axis in inflammatory macrophages by connecting early glycolysis with inflammatory responses and suggest that modulating early glycolytic flux mediated by the MYC/LDH axis can be used to open avenues for the therapeutic modulation of macrophage polarization to fight against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Bae
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Sang Uk Park
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yeji Lee
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Se Hwan Mun
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eugenia Giannopoulou
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA; Biological Sciences Department, New York City College of Technology, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Takayuki Fujii
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA; Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kelvin P Lee
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sara Nunes Violante
- Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin R Cross
- Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyung-Hyun Park-Min
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; BCMB Allied Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA.
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10
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Potential Tamoxifen Repurposing to Combat Infections by Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060507. [PMID: 34073235 PMCID: PMC8230278 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new strategic therapies for multidrug-resistant bacteria, like the use of non-antimicrobial approaches and/or drugs repurposed to be used as monotherapies or in combination with clinically relevant antibiotics, has become urgent. A therapeutic alternative for infections by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (MDR-GNB) is immune system modulation to improve the infection clearance. We showed that immunocompetent mice pretreated with tamoxifen at 80 mg/kg/d for three days and infected with Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Escherichia coli in peritoneal sepsis models showed reduced release of the monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and its signaling pathway interleukin-18 (IL-18), and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). This reduction of MCP-1 induced the reduction of migration of inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils from the bone marrow to the blood. Indeed, pretreatment with tamoxifen in murine peritoneal sepsis models reduced the bacterial load in tissues and blood, and increased mice survival from 0% to 60–100%. Together, these data show that tamoxifen presents therapeutic efficacy against MDR A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli in experimental models of infection and may be a new candidate to be repurposed as a treatment for GNB infections.
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11
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Chávez-Arroyo A, Portnoy DA. Why is Listeria monocytogenes such a potent inducer of CD8+ T-cells? Cell Microbiol 2021; 22:e13175. [PMID: 32185899 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a rapidly growing, Gram-positive, facultative intracellular pathogen that has been used for over 5 decades as a model to study basic aspects of infection and immunity. In a murine intravenous infection model, immunisation with a sublethal infection of L. monocytogenes initially leads to rapid intracellular multiplication followed by clearance of the bacteria and ultimately culminates in the development of long-lived cell-mediated immunity (CMI) mediated by antigen-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells. Importantly, effective immunisation requires live, replicating bacteria. In this review, we summarise the cell and immunobiology of L. monocytogenes infection and discuss aspects of its pathogenesis that we suspect lead to robust CMI. We suggest five specific features of L. monocytogenes infection that positively impact the development of CMI: (a) the bacteria have a predilection for professional antigen-presenting cells; (b) the bacteria escape from phagosomes, grow, and secrete antigens into the host cell cytosol; (c) bacterial-secreted proteins enter the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I pathway of antigen processing and presentation; (d) the bacteria do not induce rapid host cell death; and (e) cytosolic bacteria induce a cytokine response that favours CMI. Collectively, these features make L. monocytogenes an attractive vaccine vector for both infectious disease applications and cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Chávez-Arroyo
- Graduate Group in Microbiology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Daniel A Portnoy
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California.,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
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12
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Johnson RM, Olatunde AC, Woodie LN, Greene MW, Schwartz EH. The Systemic and Cellular Metabolic Phenotype of Infection and Immune Response to Listeria monocytogenes. Front Immunol 2021; 11:614697. [PMID: 33628207 PMCID: PMC7897666 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.614697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that infection and immune response incur significant metabolic demands, yet the respective demands of specific immune responses to live pathogens have not been well delineated. It is also established that upon activation, metabolic pathways undergo shifts at the cellular level. However, most studies exploring these issues at the systemic or cellular level have utilized pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that model sepsis, or model antigens at isolated time points. Thus, the dynamics of pathogenesis and immune response to a live infection remain largely undocumented. To better quantitate the metabolic demands induced by infection, we utilized a live pathogenic infection model. Mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes were monitored longitudinally over the course of infection through clearance. We measured systemic metabolic phenotype, bacterial load, innate and adaptive immune responses, and cellular metabolic pathways. To further delineate the role of adaptive immunity in the metabolic phenotype, we utilized two doses of bacteria, one that induced both sickness behavior and protective (T cell mediated) immunity, and the other protective immunity alone. We determined that the greatest impact to systemic metabolism occurred during the early immune response, which coincided with the greatest shift in innate cellular metabolism. In contrast, during the time of maximal T cell expansion, systemic metabolism returned to resting state. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the timing of maximal metabolic demand overlaps with the innate immune response and that when the adaptive response is maximal, the host has returned to relative metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Adesola C Olatunde
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Lauren N Woodie
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Michael W Greene
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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13
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Tanaka S, Gauthier JM, Terada Y, Takahashi T, Li W, Hashimoto K, Higashikubo R, Hachem RR, Bharat A, Ritter JH, Nava RG, Puri V, Krupnick AS, Gelman AE, Kreisel D. Bacterial products in donor airways prevent the induction of lung transplant tolerance. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:353-361. [PMID: 32786174 PMCID: PMC7775268 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Although postoperative bacterial infections can trigger rejection of pulmonary allografts, the impact of bacterial colonization of donor grafts on alloimmune responses to transplanted lungs remains unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that bacterial products present within donor grafts at the time of implantation promote lung allograft rejection. Administration of the toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) agonist Pam3 Cys4 to Balb/c wild-type grafts triggered acute cellular rejection after transplantation into B6 wild-type recipients that received perioperative costimulatory blockade. Pam3 Cys4 -triggered rejection was associated with an expansion of CD8+ T lymphocytes and CD11c+ CD11bhi MHC (major histocompatibility complex) class II+ antigen-presenting cells within the transplanted lungs. Rejection was prevented when lungs were transplanted into TLR2-deficient recipients but not when MyD88-deficient donors were used. Adoptive transfer of B6 wild-type monocytes, but not T cells, following transplantation into B6 TLR2-deficient recipients restored the ability of Pam3 Cys4 to trigger acute cellular rejection. Thus, we have demonstrated that activation of TLR2 by a bacterial lipopeptide within the donor airways prevents the induction of lung allograft tolerance through a process mediated by recipient-derived monocytes. Our work suggests that donor lungs harboring bacteria may precipitate an inflammatory response that can facilitate allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satona Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO
| | | | - Yuriko Terada
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO
| | | | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Kohei Hashimoto
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO
| | | | | | - Ankit Bharat
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Jon H. Ritter
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Ruben G. Nava
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Varun Puri
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO
| | | | - Andrew E. Gelman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO,Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO,Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO
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14
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Innate immune responses to Listeria in vivo. Curr Opin Microbiol 2020; 59:95-101. [PMID: 33307408 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a foodborne bacterial pathogen that causes listeriosis, a severe infection that manifests as bacteremia and meningo-encephalitis mostly in immunocompromised individuals, and maternal-fetal infection. A critical pathogenic determinant of Lm relies on its ability to actively cross the intestinal barrier, disseminate systemically and cross the blood-brain and placental barriers. Here we illustrate how Lm both evades innate immunity, favoring its dissemination in host tissues, and triggers innate immune defenses that participate to its control.
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15
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Shihab I, Khalil BA, Elemam NM, Hachim IY, Hachim MY, Hamoudi RA, Maghazachi AA. Understanding the Role of Innate Immune Cells and Identifying Genes in Breast Cancer Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082226. [PMID: 32784928 PMCID: PMC7464944 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is the first line of defense against invading pathogens and has a major role in clearing transformed cells, besides its essential role in activating the adaptive immune system. Macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells, and granulocytes are part of the innate immune system that accumulate in the tumor microenvironment such as breast cancer. These cells induce inflammation in situ by secreting cytokines and chemokines that promote tumor growth and progression, in addition to orchestrating the activities of other immune cells. In breast cancer microenvironment, innate immune cells are skewed towards immunosuppression that may lead to tumor evasion. However, the mechanisms by which immune cells could interact with breast cancer cells are complex and not fully understood. Therefore, the importance of the mammary tumor microenvironment in the development, growth, and progression of cancer is widely recognized. With the advances of using bioinformatics and analyzing data from gene banks, several genes involved in NK cells of breast cancer individuals have been identified. In this review, we discuss the activities of certain genes involved in the cross-talk among NK cells and breast cancer. Consequently, altering tumor immune microenvironment can make breast tumors more responsive to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israa Shihab
- Department of Clinical Sciences and the Immuno-Oncology Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (I.S.); (B.A.K.); (N.M.E.); (I.Y.H.); (R.A.H.)
| | - Bariaa A. Khalil
- Department of Clinical Sciences and the Immuno-Oncology Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (I.S.); (B.A.K.); (N.M.E.); (I.Y.H.); (R.A.H.)
| | - Noha Mousaad Elemam
- Department of Clinical Sciences and the Immuno-Oncology Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (I.S.); (B.A.K.); (N.M.E.); (I.Y.H.); (R.A.H.)
| | - Ibrahim Y. Hachim
- Department of Clinical Sciences and the Immuno-Oncology Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (I.S.); (B.A.K.); (N.M.E.); (I.Y.H.); (R.A.H.)
| | - Mahmood Yaseen Hachim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, UAE;
| | - Rifat A. Hamoudi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and the Immuno-Oncology Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (I.S.); (B.A.K.); (N.M.E.); (I.Y.H.); (R.A.H.)
| | - Azzam A. Maghazachi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and the Immuno-Oncology Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (I.S.); (B.A.K.); (N.M.E.); (I.Y.H.); (R.A.H.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Okawa M, Sakoda M, Ohta S, Hasegawa K, Yatomi Y, Ito T. The Balance between the Hemostatic Effect and Immune Response of Hyaluronan Conjugated with Different Chain Lengths of Inorganic Polyphosphate. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2695-2704. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Okawa
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Megumu Sakoda
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Seiichi Ohta
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hasegawa
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Taichi Ito
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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17
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Roberts ME, Barvalia M, Silva JAFD, Cederberg RA, Chu W, Wong A, Tai DC, Chen S, Matos I, Priatel JJ, Cullis PR, Harder KW. Deep Phenotyping by Mass Cytometry and Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Reveals LYN-Regulated Signaling Profiles Underlying Monocyte Subset Heterogeneity and Lifespan. Circ Res 2020; 126:e61-e79. [PMID: 32151196 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Monocytes are key effectors of the mononuclear phagocyte system, playing critical roles in regulating tissue homeostasis and coordinating inflammatory reactions, including those involved in chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis. Monocytes have traditionally been divided into 2 major subsets termed conventional monocytes and patrolling monocytes (pMo) but recent systems immunology approaches have identified marked heterogeneity within these cells, and much of what regulates monocyte population homeostasis remains unknown. We and others have previously identified LYN tyrosine kinase as a key negative regulator of myeloid cell biology; however, LYN's role in regulating specific monocyte subset homeostasis has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE We sought to comprehensively profile monocytes to elucidate the underlying heterogeneity within monocytes and dissect how Lyn deficiency affects monocyte subset composition, signaling, and gene expression. We further tested the biological significance of these findings in a model of atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Mass cytometric analysis of monocyte subsets and signaling pathway activation patterns in conventional monocytes and pMos revealed distinct baseline signaling profiles and far greater heterogeneity than previously described. Lyn deficiency led to a selective expansion of pMos and alterations in specific signaling pathways within these cells, revealing a critical role for LYN in pMo physiology. LYN's role in regulating pMos was cell-intrinsic and correlated with an increased circulating half-life of Lyn-deficient pMos. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing revealed marked perturbations in the gene expression profiles of Lyn-/- monocytes with upregulation of genes involved in pMo development, survival, and function. Lyn deficiency also led to a significant increase in aorta-associated pMos and protected Ldlr-/- mice from high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS Together our data identify LYN as a key regulator of pMo development and a potential therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases regulated by pMos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E Roberts
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (M.E.R., M.B., J.A.F.D.S., R.A.C., W.C., A.W., I.M., K.W.H.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Maunish Barvalia
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (M.E.R., M.B., J.A.F.D.S., R.A.C., W.C., A.W., I.M., K.W.H.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jessica A F D Silva
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (M.E.R., M.B., J.A.F.D.S., R.A.C., W.C., A.W., I.M., K.W.H.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Rachel A Cederberg
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (M.E.R., M.B., J.A.F.D.S., R.A.C., W.C., A.W., I.M., K.W.H.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - William Chu
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (M.E.R., M.B., J.A.F.D.S., R.A.C., W.C., A.W., I.M., K.W.H.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Amanda Wong
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (M.E.R., M.B., J.A.F.D.S., R.A.C., W.C., A.W., I.M., K.W.H.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Daven C Tai
- Department of Pediatrics (D.C.T.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada (D.C.T., J.J.P.)
| | - Sam Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (S.C., P.R.C.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Israel Matos
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (M.E.R., M.B., J.A.F.D.S., R.A.C., W.C., A.W., I.M., K.W.H.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - John J Priatel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.J.P.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada (D.C.T., J.J.P.)
| | - Pieter R Cullis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (S.C., P.R.C.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kenneth W Harder
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (M.E.R., M.B., J.A.F.D.S., R.A.C., W.C., A.W., I.M., K.W.H.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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18
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Eshleman EM, Bortell N, McDermott DS, Crisler WJ, Lenz LL. Myeloid cell responsiveness to interferon-gamma is sufficient for initial resistance to Listeria monocytogenes. CURRENT RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 1:1-9. [PMID: 34337387 PMCID: PMC8323841 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The type II interferon (IFNγ) promotes resistance to intracellular pathogens. Most immune and somatic cells also express the IFNγ receptor (IFNGR) and respond to IFNγ. While myeloid cell have been implicated as important targets of IFNγ, it remains unknown if IFNγ signaling to myeloid cell types suffices for resistance to infection. Here, we addressed this question by generating mice in which IFNGR1 is selectively expressed by myeloid cells. These “MSGR1” (myeloid selective IFNGR1) mice express an epitope-tagged Ifngr1 transgene (fGR1) from the myeloid-specific c-fms promoter in a background lacking endogenous Ifngr1. IFNGR staining was selectively observed on myeloid cells in the MSGR1 mice and correlated with responsiveness of these cells to IFNγ. During systemic infection by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, activation marker staining was comparable on monocytes from MSGR1 and control B6 mice. Bacterial burdens and survival were also equivalent in MSGR1 and wildtype B6 animals at a timepoint when B6.Ifngr1−/− mice began to succumb. These data confirm that activation of inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils is a key mechanism by which IFNγ promotes innate anti-bacterial immunity and suggest that IFNγ targeting of myeloid cells is largely sufficient to mediate protection against systemic L. monocytogenes. Expression of IFNGR1 is restricted to monocytes and neutrophils in “MSGR1” (myeloid selective IFNGR1) mice. Myeloid cells from MSGR1 mice are responsive to IFNγ and show elevated activation compared to cells from B6.Ifngr1−/− mice. MSGR1 myeloid cells respond to Listeria monocytogenes infection and promote early resistance. IFNγ stimulation of myeloid cells can thus protect against infection independent of effects on other hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cell populations. Particularly in female mice, IFNγ stimulation of non-myeloid cells may also contribute to improved survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Eshleman
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Nikki Bortell
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Daniel S McDermott
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - William J Crisler
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Laurel L Lenz
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
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19
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Tezuka H, Ohteki T. Regulation of IgA Production by Intestinal Dendritic Cells and Related Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1891. [PMID: 31456802 PMCID: PMC6700333 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa is a physiological barrier for most microbes, including both commensal bacteria and invading pathogens. Under homeostatic conditions, immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the major immunoglobulin isotype in the intestinal mucosa. Microbes stimulate the production of IgA, which controls bacterial translocation and neutralizes bacterial toxins at the intestinal mucosal surface. In the intestinal mucosa, dendritic cells (DCs), specialized antigen-presenting cells, regulate both T-cell-dependent (TD) and -independent (TI) immune responses. The intestinal DCs are a heterogeneous population that includes unique subsets that induce IgA synthesis in B cells. The characteristics of intestinal DCs are strongly influenced by the microenvironment, including the presence of commensal bacterial metabolites and epithelial cell-derived soluble factors. In this review, we summarize the ontogeny, classification, and function of intestinal DCs and how the intestinal microenvironment conditions DCs and their precursors to become the mucosal phenotype, in particular to regulate IgA production, after they arrive at the intestine. Understanding the mechanism of IgA synthesis could provide insights for designing effective mucosal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tezuka
- Department of Cellular Function Analysis, Research Promotion and Support Headquarters, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ohteki
- Department of Biodefense Research, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Kotsias F, Cebrian I, Alloatti A. Antigen processing and presentation. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 348:69-121. [PMID: 31810556 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells are at the center of immune responses. They are defined by their ability to sense the environment, take up and process antigen, migrate to secondary lymphoid organs, where they present antigens to the adaptive immune system. In particular, they present lipids and proteins from pathogens, which they encountered in peripheral tissues, to T cells in order to induce a specific effector immune response. These complex antigens need to be broken down into peptides of a certain length in association with Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. Presentation of MHC/antigen complexes alongside costimulatory molecules and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines will induce an appropriate immune response. This interaction between dendritic cells and T cells takes place at defined locations within secondary lymphoid organs. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge and recent advances on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie antigen processing and the subsequent presentation to T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Kotsias
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Cebrian
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM)-CONICET/Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Andrés Alloatti
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER)-CONICET/Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina.
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21
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D'Orazio SEF. Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses during Listeria monocytogenes Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2019; 7:10.1128/microbiolspec.gpp3-0065-2019. [PMID: 31124430 PMCID: PMC11086964 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.gpp3-0065-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It could be argued that we understand the immune response to infection with Listeria monocytogenes better than the immunity elicited by any other bacteria. L. monocytogenes are Gram-positive bacteria that are genetically tractable and easy to cultivate in vitro, and the mouse model of intravenous (i.v.) inoculation is highly reproducible. For these reasons, immunologists frequently use the mouse model of systemic listeriosis to dissect the mechanisms used by mammalian hosts to recognize and respond to infection. This article provides an overview of what we have learned over the past few decades and is divided into three sections: "Innate Immunity" describes how the host initially detects the presence of L. monocytogenes and characterizes the soluble and cellular responses that occur during the first few days postinfection; "Adaptive Immunity" discusses the exquisitely specific T cell response that mediates complete clearance of infection and immunological memory; "Use of Attenuated Listeria as a Vaccine Vector" highlights the ways that investigators have exploited our extensive knowledge of anti-Listeria immunity to develop cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E F D'Orazio
- University of Kentucky, Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, Lexington, KY 40536-0298
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22
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Ropert C. How toll-like receptors reveal monocyte plasticity: the cutting edge of antiinflammatory therapy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:745-755. [PMID: 30413835 PMCID: PMC11105477 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLR)s are central in immune response by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP)s. If they are essential to eliminate pathogens in earlier stages of infection, they also might play a role in homeostasis and tissue repair. TLR versatility parallels the plasticity of monocytes, which represent an heterogeneous population of immune cells. They are rapidly recruited to sites of infection and involved in clearance of pathogens and in tissue healing. This review underlines how TLRs have proved to be an interesting tool to study the properties of monocytes and why different therapeutic strategies exploring monocyte plasticity may be relevant in the context of chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Ropert
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-910, Brazil.
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23
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Fang P, Li X, Dai J, Cole L, Camacho JA, Zhang Y, Ji Y, Wang J, Yang XF, Wang H. Immune cell subset differentiation and tissue inflammation. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:97. [PMID: 30064449 PMCID: PMC6069866 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cells were traditionally considered as major pro-inflammatory contributors. Recent advances in molecular immunology prove that immune cell lineages are composed of different subsets capable of a vast array of specialized functions. These immune cell subsets share distinct duties in regulating innate and adaptive immune functions and contribute to both immune activation and immune suppression responses in peripheral tissue. Here, we summarized current understanding of the different subsets of major immune cells, including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages. We highlighted molecular characterization, frequency, and tissue distribution of these immune cell subsets in human and mice. In addition, we described specific cytokine production, molecular signaling, biological functions, and tissue population changes of these immune cell subsets in both cardiovascular diseases and cancers. Finally, we presented a working model of the differentiation of inflammatory mononuclear cells, their interaction with endothelial cells, and their contribution to tissue inflammation. In summary, this review offers an updated and comprehensive guideline for immune cell development and subset differentiation, including subset characterization, signaling, modulation, and disease associations. We propose that immune cell subset differentiation and its complex interaction within the internal biological milieu compose a “pathophysiological network,” an interactive cross-talking complex, which plays a critical role in the development of inflammatory diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Fang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Medical Education and Research Building, Room 1060, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jin Dai
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Medical Education and Research Building, Room 1060, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Lauren Cole
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Medical Education and Research Building, Room 1060, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Javier Andres Camacho
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Medical Education and Research Building, Room 1060, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Yang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Medical Education and Research Building, Room 1060, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Medical Education and Research Building, Room 1060, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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24
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Agbayani G, Gurnani K, Zafer A, Sad S, Krishnan L. Lack of functional selectin-ligand interactions enhances innate immune resistance to systemic Listeria monocytogenes infection. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 103:355-368. [PMID: 29345354 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4a1216-499r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Selectin-ligand interactions are important for leukocyte homing and functionality. The roles of selectin-ligand interactions in modulating immunity to intracellular infections are not completely understood. Mice lacking the expression of fucosyltransferase-IV and -VII (Fucosyltransferase-IV and -VII double knockout, FtDKO) exhibit deficient functionality of selectin-ligand interactions. We addressed the kinetics of infection and immunity to Listeria monocytogenes (LM), an intracellular pathogen, in FtDKO mice. These mice exhibited enhanced ability to clear infection and increased survival to a lethal dose of LM infection relative to wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J controls. This was associated with increased levels of neutrophils, monocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs) in the blood and/or infected organs. Adoptive transfer of bone marrow (BM) cells from FtDKO mice to WT mice resulted in enhanced neutrophil numbers and improved clearance of LM bacteria in recipients. In vivo depletion of myeloid innate immune cells, particularly neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and DCs, using anti-Ly-6G (RB6-8C5) monoclonal antibody, reduced the ability of FtDKO mice to curtail LM infection. Nevertheless, depletion using anti-Ly-6G (1A8) known to exclusively deplete neutrophils did not abrogate increased resistance of FtDKO mice to LM infection, suggesting a role for other myeloid innate immune cells in this model. Examination of BM hematopoietic progenitors through flow cytometry and cell culture colony-forming unit assay showed increased frequencies of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors in FtDKO relative to WT mice, Overall, our results indicate that functional selectin ligand deficiency enhances innate immune-mediated resistance to systemic LM infection despite defective leukocyte migration and lymphocyte homing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Agbayani
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Centre of Human Health Therapeutics, Department of Immunobiology, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Komal Gurnani
- Centre of Human Health Therapeutics, Department of Immunobiology, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ahmed Zafer
- Centre of Human Health Therapeutics, Department of Immunobiology, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Subash Sad
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lakshmi Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Centre of Human Health Therapeutics, Department of Immunobiology, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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25
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HDAC6 controls innate immune and autophagy responses to TLR-mediated signalling by the intracellular bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006799. [PMID: 29281743 PMCID: PMC5760107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence on HDAC6 function underlines its role as a key protein in the innate immune response to viral infection. However, whether HDAC6 regulates innate immunity during bacterial infection remains unexplored. To assess the role of HDAC6 in the regulation of defence mechanisms against intracellular bacteria, we used the Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) infection model. Our data show that Hdac6-/- bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) have a higher bacterial load than Hdac6+/+ cells, correlating with weaker induction of IFN-related genes, pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitrite production after bacterial infection. Hdac6-/- BMDCs have a weakened phosphorylation of MAPK signalling in response to Lm infection, suggesting altered Toll-like receptor signalling (TLR). Compared with Hdac6+/+ counterparts, Hdac6-/- GM-CSF-derived and FLT3L-derived dendritic cells show weaker pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in response to various TLR agonists. Moreover, HDAC6 associates with the TLR-adaptor molecule Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), and the absence of HDAC6 seems to diminish the NF-κB induction after TLR stimuli. Hdac6-/- mice display low serum levels of inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and correspondingly an increased survival to a systemic infection with Lm. The impaired bacterial clearance in the absence of HDAC6 appears to be caused by a defect in autophagy. Hence, Hdac6-/- BMDCs accumulate higher levels of the autophagy marker p62 and show defective phagosome-lysosome fusion. These data underline the important function of HDAC6 in dendritic cells not only in bacterial autophagy, but also in the proper activation of TLR signalling. These results thus demonstrate an important regulatory role for HDAC6 in the innate immune response to intracellular bacterial infection.
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26
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Bradley JH, Harrison A, Corey A, Gentry N, Gregg RK. Ebola virus secreted glycoprotein decreases the anti-viral immunity of macrophages in early inflammatory responses. Cell Immunol 2017; 324:24-32. [PMID: 29195741 PMCID: PMC7094302 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
During Ebola virus (EBOV) infection, secreted glycoprotein (sGP) is found in large quantities in the serum of both patients and infected animal models. It is thought to serve as a decoy for anti-EBOV antibodies. Using an in vitro model incorporating treatment of non-infected human THP-1 macrophages with recombinant EBOV sGP, this study sought to examine the impact of sGP upon key macrophage functions. Macrophage polarization and phagocytic capacity of activated macrophages were found to be unaltered by sGP treatment. However, treatment with sGP inhibited macrophage production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-6 while the yield of anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, remained intact. Interestingly, the migratory ability of macrophages was also diminished by sGP, potentially due to a decrease in expression of CD11b, a vital macrophage integrin. Thus, EBOV sGP may operate to diminish functional contributions of non-infected macrophages to increase the potential viral dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian H Bradley
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Magnolia Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine - Carolinas Campus, Spartanburg, SC 29303, United States
| | - Ametria Harrison
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Physics, Converse College, Spartanburg, SC 29301, United States
| | - Ashley Corey
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Magnolia Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine - Carolinas Campus, Spartanburg, SC 29303, United States
| | - Nathan Gentry
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Magnolia Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine - Carolinas Campus, Spartanburg, SC 29303, United States
| | - Randal K Gregg
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Magnolia Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine - Carolinas Campus, Spartanburg, SC 29303, United States.
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27
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Limited Colonization Undermined by Inadequate Early Immune Responses Defines the Dynamics of Decidual Listeriosis. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00153-17. [PMID: 28507070 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00153-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes causes foodborne systemic disease in pregnant women, which can lead to preterm labor, stillbirth, or severe neonatal disease. Colonization of the maternal decidua appears to be an initial step in the maternal component of the disease as well as bacterial transmission to the placenta and fetus. Host-pathogen interactions in the decidua during this early stage of infection remain poorly understood. Here, we assessed the dynamics of L. monocytogenes infection in primary human decidual organ cultures and in the murine decidua in vivo A high inoculum was necessary to infect both human and mouse deciduas, and the data support the existence of a barrier to initial colonization of the murine decidua. If successful, however, colonization in both species was followed by significant bacterial expansion associated with an inability of the decidua to mount appropriate innate cellular immune responses. The innate immune deficits included the failure of bacterial foci to attract macrophages and NK cells, cell types known to be important for early defenses against L. monocytogenes in the spleen, as well as a decrease in the tissue density of inflammatory Ly6Chi monocytes in vivo These results suggest that the infectivity of the decidua is not the result of an enhanced recruitment of L. monocytogenes to the gestational uterus but rather is due to compromised local innate cellular immune responses.
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28
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Nandi A, Bishayi B. CCR-2 neutralization augments murine fresh BMC activation by Staphylococcus aureus via two distinct mechanisms: at the level of ROS production and cytokine response. Innate Immun 2017; 23:345-372. [PMID: 28409543 DOI: 10.1177/1753425917697806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CCR-2 signaling regulates recruitment of monocytes from the bone marrow into the bloodstream and then to sites of infection. We sought to determine whether CCL-2/CCR-2 signaling is involved in the killing of Staphylococcus aureus by murine bone marrow cells (BMCs). The intermittent link of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-NF-κB/p38-MAPK-mediated CCL-2 production in CCR-2 signaling prompted us to determine whether neutralization of CCR-2 augments the response of murine fresh BMCs (FBMCs) after S. aureus infection. It was observed that anti-CCR-2 Ab-treated FBMCs released fewer ROS on encountering S. aureus infection than CCR-2 non-neutralized FBMCs, also correlating with reduced killing of S. aureus in CCR-2 neutralized FBMCs. Staphylococcal catalase and SOD were also found to play a role in protecting S. aureus from the ROS-mediated killing of FBMC. S. aureus infection of CCR-2 intact FBMCs pre-treated with either NF-κB or p-38-MAPK blocker induced less CCL-2, suggesting that NF-κB or p-38-MAPK is required for CCL-2 production by FBMCs. Moreover, blocking of CCR-2 along with NF-κB or p-38-MAPK resulted in elevated CCL-2 production and reduced CCR-2 expression. Inhibition of CCR-2 impairs the response of murine BMCs to S. aureus infection by attenuation ROS production and modulating the cytokine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeya Nandi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, West Bengal, India
| | - Biswadev Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, West Bengal, India
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29
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Lauvau G, Boutet M, Williams TM, Chin SS, Chorro L. Memory CD8(+) T Cells: Innate-Like Sensors and Orchestrators of Protection. Trends Immunol 2016; 37:375-385. [PMID: 27131432 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings have revealed roles for systemic and mucosa-resident memory CD8(+) T cells in the orchestration of innate immune responses critical to host defense upon microbial infection. Here we integrate these findings into the current understanding of the molecular and cellular signals controlling memory CD8(+) T cell reactivation and the mechanisms by which these cells mediate effective protection in vivo. The picture that emerges presents memory CD8(+) T cells as early sensors of danger signals, mediating protective immunity both through licensing of cellular effectors of the innate immune system and via the canonical functions associated with memory T cells. We discuss implications for the development of T cell vaccines and therapies and highlight important areas in need of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Lauvau
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Marie Boutet
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tere M Williams
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shu Shien Chin
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laurent Chorro
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York, NY, USA
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30
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Lauvau G, Loke P, Hohl TM. Monocyte-mediated defense against bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Semin Immunol 2016; 27:397-409. [PMID: 27021645 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Circulating blood monocytes are a heterogeneous leukocyte population that contributes critical antimicrobial and regulatory functions during systemic and tissue-specific infections. These include patrolling vascular tissue for evidence of microbial invasion, infiltrating peripheral tissues and directly killing microbial invaders, conditioning the inflammatory milieu at sites of microbial tissue invasion, and orchestrating the activation of innate and adaptive immune effector cells. The central focus of this review is the in vivo mechanisms by which monocytes and their derivative cells promote microbial clearance and immune regulation. We include an overview of murine models to examine monocyte functions during microbial challenges and review our understanding of the functional roles of monocytes and their derivative cells in host defense against bacteria, fungi, and parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Lauvau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
| | - P'ng Loke
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Tobias M Hohl
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cencer Center, New York, NY, United States.
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31
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Induction, Propagation, and Activity of Host Nitric Oxide: Lessons from Leishmania Infection. Trends Parasitol 2015; 31:653-664. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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32
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Papadopoulos A, Gorvel JP. Subversion of mouse dendritic cell subset function by bacterial pathogens. Microb Pathog 2015; 89:140-9. [PMID: 26453826 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role as sentinels of the immune system in initiating and controlling the quality of adaptive immune responses. Located at entry points of the host they can sense and alert the body from dangers such as infection by pathogenic bacteria. Considering their strategic localization it is not surprising that DCs have evolved in a series of DC subtypes, which are well adapted to their microenvironment. Nowadays, the advent of the identification of specific DC subtypes has opened the way for the study of pathogen-DCs interactions and the involved mechanisms of these interactions. Due to key aspect of DCs, several bacterial pathogens have taken advantage of these cells and developed mechanisms to subvert DC function and thereby evade the immune system. This review brings recent insights into DC-pathogenic bacteria cross-talk using the mouse model of infection with an emphasis on DC subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Papadopoulos
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Gorvel
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288 Marseille, France.
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33
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Dong MB, Rahman MJ, Tarbell KV. Flow cytometric gating for spleen monocyte and DC subsets: differences in autoimmune NOD mice and with acute inflammation. J Immunol Methods 2015; 432:4-12. [PMID: 26344574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The role of antigen presenting cells (APCs) in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and other inflammatory diseases is now better understood due to advances in multicolor flow cytometry, gene expression analysis of APC populations, and functional correlation of mouse to human APC populations. A simple but informative nomenclature of conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cell subsets (cDC1, cDC2, pDC) and monocyte-derived populations incorporates these advances, but accurate subset identification is critical. Ambiguous gating schemes and alterations of cell surface markers in inflammatory condition can make comparing results between studies difficult. Both acute inflammation, such as TLR-ligand stimulation, and chronic inflammation as found in mouse models of autoimmunity can alter DC subset gating. Here, we address these issues using in vivo CpG stimulation as an example of acute inflammation and the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse as a model of chronic inflammation.We provide a flow cytometric antibody panel and gating scheme that differentiate 2 monocytic and 3DC subsets in the spleen both at steady state and after CpG stimulation. Using this method, we observed differences in the composition of NOD DCs that have been previously reported, and newly identified increases in the number of NOD monocyte-derived DCs. Finally, we established a protocol for DC phosphoflow to measure the phosphorylation state of intracellular proteins, and use it to confirm functional differences in the identified subsets. Therefore, we present optimized methods for distinguishing monocytic and DC populations with and without inflammation and/or autoimmunity associated with NOD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Dong
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - M Jubayer Rahman
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kristin V Tarbell
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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34
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Haniffa M, Gunawan M, Jardine L. Human skin dendritic cells in health and disease. J Dermatol Sci 2014; 77:85-92. [PMID: 25301671 PMCID: PMC4728191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human skin dendritic cells (DCs) are heterogenous and functionally specialised. Factor XIIIa+ dermal dendrocytes are resident dermal macrophages. Dermal CD14+ cells, previously defined as DCs, are monocyte-derived macrophages. Dynamic changes occur in the composition of recruited ‘inflammatory’ DCs and resident DCs in inflamed skin.
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen presenting cells abundant in peripheral tissues such as skin where they function as immune sentinels. Skin DCs migrate to draining lymph node where they interact with naïve T cells to induce immune responses to microorganisms, vaccines, tumours and self-antigens. In this review, we present the key historical developments and recent advances in human skin DC research. We also integrate the current understanding on the origin and functional specializations of DC subsets in healthy skin with findings in inflammatory skin diseases focusing on psoriasis and atopic eczema. A comprehensive understanding of the dynamic changes in DC subsets in health and disease will form a strong foundation to facilitate the clinical translation of DC-based therapeutic and vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzlifah Haniffa
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, NE2 4HH, UK; Department of Dermatology, Newcastle Upon Tyne NHS Trust, NE1 4LP, UK.
| | - Merry Gunawan
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Laura Jardine
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, NE2 4HH, UK
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35
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De Kleer I, Willems F, Lambrecht B, Goriely S. Ontogeny of myeloid cells. Front Immunol 2014; 5:423. [PMID: 25232355 PMCID: PMC4153297 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs) represent a subgroup of leukocytes, collectively called myeloid cells. During the embryonic development of mammalians, myelopoiesis occurs in a stepwise fashion that begins in the yolk sac and ends up in the bone marrow (BM). During this process, these early monocyte progenitors colonize various organs such as the brain, liver, skin, and lungs and differentiate into resident macrophages that will self-maintain throughout life. DCs are constantly replenished from BM precursors but can also arise from monocytes in inflammatory conditions. In this review, we summarize the different types of myeloid cells and discuss new insights into their early origin and development in mice and humans from fetal to adult life. We specifically focus on the function of monocytes, macrophages, and DCs at these different developmental stages and on the intrinsic and environmental influences that may drive these adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismé De Kleer
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, University of Ghent , Ghent , Belgium ; Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Ghent , Ghent , Belgium ; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC , Rotterdam , Netherlands
| | - Fabienne Willems
- Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles , Charleroi , Belgium
| | - Bart Lambrecht
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, University of Ghent , Ghent , Belgium ; Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Ghent , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Stanislas Goriely
- Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles , Charleroi , Belgium
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36
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Xiong H, Pamer EG. Monocytes and infection: modulator, messenger and effector. Immunobiology 2014; 220:210-4. [PMID: 25214476 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes are a subset of circulating blood cells with remarkable plasticity. They can develop into a wide range of terminally differentiated cells and perform versatile functions during infection, tumor formation and in the setting of chronic inflammation. This review focuses on the role of monocytes during microbial infection and summarizes our understanding of the diverse roles that monocytes play in defense against different pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhong Xiong
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Eric G Pamer
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Lucille Castori Center for Microbes Inflammation and Cancer, Molecular Microbiology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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37
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Abstract
Monocytes are blood-derived mononuclear phagocytic cells that traffic throughout the body and can provide rapid innate immune effector responses in response to microbial pathogen infections. Among blood monocytes, the most abundant subset in mice is represented by inflammatory Ly6C(+) CCR2(+) monocytes and is the functional equivalent of the CD14(+) monocytes in humans. Herein we focus on published evidence describing the exquisite functional plasticity of these cells, and we extend this overview to their multiples roles in vivo during host immune defenses against microbial pathogen infections, as antigen-presenting cells, inflammatory cells or Trojan horse cells.
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38
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3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA – Ecstasy) Decreases Neutrophil Activity Through the Glucocorticoid Pathway and Impairs Host Resistance to Listeria Monocytogenes Infection in Mice. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2014; 9:690-702. [DOI: 10.1007/s11481-014-9562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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39
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Amiel E, Everts B, Fritz D, Beauchamp S, Ge B, Pearce EL, Pearce EJ. Mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibition extends cellular lifespan in dendritic cells by preserving mitochondrial function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:2821-30. [PMID: 25108022 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
TLR-mediated activation of dendritic cells (DCs) is associated with a metabolic transition in which mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is inhibited by endogenously synthesized NO and the cells become committed to glucose and aerobic glycolysis for survival. We show that inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) extends the lifespan of TLR-activated DCs by inhibiting the induction of NO production, thereby allowing the cells to continue to use their mitochondria to generate ATP, and allowing them the flexibility to use fatty acids or glucose as nutrients to fuel core metabolism. These data provide novel mechanistic insights into how mTOR modulates DC metabolism and cellular longevity following TLR activation and provide an explanation for previous findings that mTOR inhibition enhances the efficacy of DCs in autologous vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Amiel
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Radiation Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405; Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, NY 12983; and
| | - Bart Everts
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Daniel Fritz
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Radiation Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Saritha Beauchamp
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Radiation Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Burong Ge
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Radiation Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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40
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Neal LM, Knoll LJ. Toxoplasma gondii profilin promotes recruitment of Ly6Chi CCR2+ inflammatory monocytes that can confer resistance to bacterial infection. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004203. [PMID: 24945711 PMCID: PMC4055779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ly6C+ inflammatory monocytes are essential to host defense against Toxoplasma gondii, Listeria monocytogenes and other infections. During T. gondii infection impaired inflammatory monocyte emigration results in severe inflammation and failure to control parasite replication. However, the T. gondii factors that elicit these monocytes are unknown. Early studies from the Remington laboratory showed that mice with a chronic T. gondii infection survive lethal co-infections with unrelated pathogens, including L. monocytogenes, but a mechanistic analysis was not performed. Here we report that this enhanced survival against L. monocytogenes is due to early reduction of bacterial burdens and elicitation of Ly6C+ inflammatory monocytes. We demonstrate that a single TLR11/TLR12 ligand profilin (TgPRF) was sufficient to reduce bacterial burdens similar to T. gondii chronic infection. Stimulation with TgPRF was also sufficient to enhance animal survival when administered either pre- or post-Listeria infection. The ability of TgPRF to reduce L. monocytogenes burdens was dependent on TLR11 and required IFN-γ but was not dependent on IL-12 signaling. TgPRF induced rapid production of MCP-1 and resulted in trafficking of Ly6Chi CCR2+ inflammatory monocytes and Ly6G+ neutrophils into the blood and spleen. Stimulation with TgPRF reduced L. monocytogenes burdens in mice depleted with the Ly6G specific MAb 1A8, but not in Ly6C/Ly6G specific RB6-8C5 depleted or CCR2−/− mice, indicating that only inflammatory monocytes are required for TgPRF-induced reduction in bacterial burdens. These results demonstrate that stimulation of TLR11 by TgPRF is a mechanism to promote the emigration of Ly6Chi CCR2+ monocytes, and that TgPRF recruited inflammatory monocytes can provide an immunological benefit against an unrelated pathogen. Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan parasite that can infect all warm blooded animals, but rodent species are considered the primary reservoirs. Mice that are infected with T. gondii become more resistant to lethal infection with other pathogens. Ly6C+ inflammatory monocytes are innate immune cells that are critical for defense against T. gondii and other infections. Mice with defects in the ability to recruit inflammatory monocytes fail to control T. gondii replication and succumb to overwhelming inflammation. In this study we used a co-infection model to explain why T. gondii-infected mice are more resistant to the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. We show that stimulation of the rodent specific Toll-like receptor TLR11 by the T. gondii ligand profilin can recruit inflammatory monocytes, and that these monocytes can protect the host against L. monocytogenes. These findings make profilin an important tool for the study of monocyte biology during T. gondii infection of rodents and are especially interesting given that TLR11 is nonfunctional in humans and other vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori M. Neal
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Laura J. Knoll
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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41
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Mitchell AJ, Roediger B, Weninger W. Monocyte homeostasis and the plasticity of inflammatory monocytes. Cell Immunol 2014; 291:22-31. [PMID: 24962351 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes are mononuclear myeloid cells that develop in the bone marrow and circulate within the bloodstream. Although they have long been argued to play a role in the repopulation of tissue-resident macrophages, this has been questioned by numerous recent studies, which has forced a reappraisal of their biology. Here we discuss monocyte development, as well as the homeostatic control of monocyte subpopulations within the blood. We also outline the known functions of monocyte subsets. Finally, we highlight the plastic nature of monocytes, which are capable of a remarkable range of phenotypic and functional changes that depend on signals from local microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ben Roediger
- The Centenary Institute, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia.
| | - Wolfgang Weninger
- The Centenary Institute, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia; Discipline of Dermatology, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
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42
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Toubai T, Mathewson N, Reddy P. The role of dendritic cells in graft-versus-tumor effect. Front Immunol 2014; 5:66. [PMID: 24600454 PMCID: PMC3930914 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen presenting cells. DCs play a pivotal role in determining the character and magnitude of immune responses to tumors. Host and donor hematopoietic-derived DCs play a critical role in the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. GVHD is tightly linked with the graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect. Although both host and donor DCs are important regulators of GVHD, the role of DCs in GVT is poorly understood. GVT is caused by donor T cells that attack recipient tumor cells. The donor T cells recognize alloantigens, and tumor specific antigens (TSAs) are mediating GVHD. The process of presentation of these antigens, especially TSAs remains unknown. Recent data suggested that DC may be essential role for inducing GVT. The mechanisms that DCs possess may include direct presentation, cross-presentation, cross-dressing. The role they play in GVT will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Toubai
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center , Ann Arbor, MI , USA
| | - Nathan Mathewson
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center , Ann Arbor, MI , USA
| | - Pavan Reddy
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center , Ann Arbor, MI , USA
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43
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Arnold-Schrauf C, Dudek M, Dielmann A, Pace L, Swallow M, Kruse F, Kühl AA, Holzmann B, Berod L, Sparwasser T. Dendritic cells coordinate innate immunity via MyD88 signaling to control Listeria monocytogenes infection. Cell Rep 2014; 6:698-708. [PMID: 24529704 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (LM), a facultative intracellular Gram-positive pathogen, can cause life-threatening infections in humans. In mice, the signaling cascade downstream of the myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is essential for proper innate immune activation against LM, as MyD88-deficient mice succumb early to infection. Here, we show that MyD88 signaling in dendritic cells (DCs) is sufficient to mediate the protective innate response, including the production of proinflammatory cytokines, neutrophil infiltration, bacterial clearance, and full protection from lethal infection. We also demonstrate that MyD88 signaling by DCs controls the infection rates of CD8α(+) cDCs and thus limits the spread of LM to the T cell areas. Furthermore, in mice expressing MyD88 in DCs, inflammatory monocytes, which are required for bacterial clearance, are activated independently of intrinsic MyD88 signaling. In conclusion, CD11c(+) conventional DCs critically integrate pathogen-derived signals via MyD88 signaling during early infection with LM in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Arnold-Schrauf
- Institute for Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Dudek
- Institute for Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anastasia Dielmann
- Institute for Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Luigia Pace
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U932, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Maxine Swallow
- Institute for Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Friederike Kruse
- Institute for Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anja A Kühl
- Department of Medicine I for Gastroenterology, Infectious Disease and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Holzmann
- Chirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Luciana Berod
- Institute for Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute for Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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44
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Song HH, Liu J. Hiding behind the mycobacterial cell wall. Trends Microbiol 2014; 22:110-2. [PMID: 24485006 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A recent study has found that pathogenic mycobacteria employ two structurally related cell wall lipids to coordinately recruit macrophages permissive to infection and intracellular replication, all the while inhibiting the recruitment of macrophages with enhanced bactericidal activity. These findings suggest a novel mechanism of immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard H Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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45
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Ko HJ, Brady JL, Ryg-Cornejo V, Hansen DS, Vremec D, Shortman K, Zhan Y, Lew AM. GM-CSF-responsive monocyte-derived dendritic cells are pivotal in Th17 pathogenesis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:2202-9. [PMID: 24489100 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although multiple dendritic cell (DC) subsets have the potential to induce Th17 differentiation in vitro, the key DC that is critical in Th17 induction and Th17-mediated disease remains moot. In this study, we revealed that CCR2(+) monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs), but not conventional DCs, were critical for in vivo Th17 induction and autoimmune inflammation. Functional comparison in vitro indicated that moDCs are the most potent type of Th17-inducing DCs compared with conventional DCs and plasmacytoid DCs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the importance of GM-CSF in Th17 induction and Th17-mediated disease is its endowment of moDCs to induce Th17 differentiation in vivo, although it has little effect on moDC numbers. Our findings identify the in vivo cellular targets that can be selectively manipulated to ameliorate Th17-mediated inflammatory diseases, as well as the mechanism of GM-CSF antagonism in such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ja Ko
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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46
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Rothman J, Paterson Y. Live-attenuatedListeria-based immunotherapy. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 12:493-504. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.13.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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47
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Valladares RD, Nich C, Zwingenberger S, Li C, Swank KR, Gibon E, Rao AJ, Yao Z, Goodman SB. Toll-like receptors-2 and 4 are overexpressed in an experimental model of particle-induced osteolysis. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:3004-11. [PMID: 24115330 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aseptic loosening secondary to particle-associated periprosthetic osteolysis remains a major cause of failure of total joint replacements (TJR) in the mid- and long term. As sentinels of the innate immune system, macrophages are central to the recognition and initiation of the inflammatory cascade, which results in the activation of bone resorbing osteoclasts. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are involved in the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns and danger-associated molecular patterns. Experimentally, polymethylmethacrylate and polyethylene (PE) particles have been shown to activate macrophages via the TLR pathway. The specific TLRs involved in PE particle-induced osteolysis remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that TLR-2, -4, and -9 mediated responses play a critical role in the development of PE wear particle-induced osteolysis in the murine calvarium model. To test this hypothesis, we first demonstrated that PE particles caused observable osteolysis, visible by microCT and bone histomorphometry when the particles were applied to the calvarium of C57BL/6 mice. The number of TRAP positive osteoclasts was significantly greater in the PE-treated group when compared to the control group without particles. Finally, using immunohistochemistry, TLR-2 and TLR-4 were highly expressed in PE particle-induced osteolytic lesions, whereas TLR-9 was downregulated. TLR-2 and -4 may represent novel therapeutic targets for prevention of wear particle-induced osteolysis and accompanying TJR failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto D Valladares
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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48
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Schraml BU, van Blijswijk J, Zelenay S, Whitney PG, Filby A, Acton SE, Rogers NC, Moncaut N, Carvajal JJ, Reis e Sousa C. Genetic tracing via DNGR-1 expression history defines dendritic cells as a hematopoietic lineage. Cell 2013; 154:843-58. [PMID: 23953115 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mononuclear phagocytes are classified as macrophages or dendritic cells (DCs) based on cell morphology, phenotype, or select functional properties. However, these attributes are not absolute and often overlap, leading to difficulties in cell-type identification. To circumvent this issue, we describe a mouse model to define DCs based on their ontogenetic descendence from a committed precursor. We show that precursors of mouse conventional DCs, but not other leukocytes, are marked by expression of DNGR-1. Genetic tracing of DNGR-1 expression history specifically marks cells traditionally ascribed to the DC lineage, and this restriction is maintained after inflammation. Notably, in some tissues, cells previously thought to be monocytes/macrophages are in fact descendants from DC precursors. These studies provide an in vivo model for fate mapping of DCs, distinguishing them from other leukocyte lineages, and thus help to unravel the functional complexity of the mononuclear phagocyte system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara U Schraml
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
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49
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Carlin LM, Auffray C, Geissmann F. Measuring intravascular migration of mouse Ly6C(low) monocytes in vivo using intravital microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; Chapter 14:Unit 14.33.1-16. [PMID: 23564685 DOI: 10.1002/0471142735.im1433s101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This unit describes methods for intravital imaging of monocytes in the vasculature of the dermis and the mesentery in vivo using fluorescent reporter mice, fluorescent dyes, and antibodies. Cx3cr1(gfp/gfp (or +)), Rag2(-/-), Il2rg(-/-) mice expressing eGFP at the locus of the Cx3cr1 gene, on the Rag2(-/-) Il2rg(-/-) C57Bl/6 background, are used. Although aimed at specifically tracking Ly6C(low) monocytes, these protocols could readily be adapted to investigate the interaction of other blood leukocytes with the vascular endothelium by use of other fluorescent reporter mice and fluorescently labeled antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Carlin
- Centre for Molecular & Cellular Biology of Inflammation, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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50
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Merad M, Sathe P, Helft J, Miller J, Mortha A. The dendritic cell lineage: ontogeny and function of dendritic cells and their subsets in the steady state and the inflamed setting. Annu Rev Immunol 2013; 31:563-604. [PMID: 23516985 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-074950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1655] [Impact Index Per Article: 150.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) form a remarkable cellular network that shapes adaptive immune responses according to peripheral cues. After four decades of research, we now know that DCs arise from a hematopoietic lineage distinct from other leukocytes, establishing the DC system as a unique hematopoietic branch. Recent work has also established that tissue DCs consist of developmentally and functionally distinct subsets that differentially regulate T lymphocyte function. This review discusses major advances in our understanding of the regulation of DC lineage commitment, differentiation, diversification, and function in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Merad
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai Medical School, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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