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Gómez-Gaviria M, Mora-Montes HM. Exploring the potential of chitin and chitosan in nanobiocomposites for fungal immunological detection and antifungal action. Carbohydr Res 2024; 543:109220. [PMID: 39038396 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Chitin is a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine and an essential component of the fungal cell wall. Chitosan is the deacetylated form of chitin and is also important for maintaining the integrity of this structure. Both polysaccharides are widely distributed in nature and have been shown to have a variety of applications in biomedicine, including their potential in immune sensing and as potential antifungal agents. In addition, chitin has been reported to play an important role in the pathogen-host interaction, involving innate and adaptive immune responses. This paper will explore the role of chitin and chitosan when incorporated into nanobiocomposites to improve their efficacy in detecting fungi of medical interest and inhibiting their growth. Potential applications in diagnostic and therapeutic medicine will be discussed, highlighting their promise in the development of more sensitive and effective tools for the early diagnosis of fungal infections. This review aims to highlight the importance of the convergence of nanotechnology and biology in addressing public health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Gómez-Gaviria
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Gto, Mexico
| | - Héctor M Mora-Montes
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Gto, Mexico.
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Taynton T, Allsup D, Barlow G. How can we optimize antifungal use and stewardship in the treatment of acute leukemia? Expert Rev Hematol 2024; 17:581-593. [PMID: 39037307 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2024.2383401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The global need for antifungal stewardship is driven by spreading antimicrobial and antifungal resistance. Triazoles are the only oral and relatively well-tolerated class of antifungal medications, and usage is associated with acquired resistance and species replacement with intrinsically resistant organisms. On a per-patient basis, hematology patients are the largest inpatient consumers of antifungal drugs, but are also the most vulnerable to invasive fungal disease. AREAS COVERED In this review we discuss available and forthcoming antifungal drugs, antifungal prophylaxis and empiric antifungal therapy, and how a screening based and diagnostic-driven approach may be used to reduce antifungal consumption. Finally, we discuss components of an antifungal stewardship program, interventions that can be employed, and how impact can be measured. The search methodology consisted of searching PubMed for journal articles using the term antifungal stewardship plus program, intervention, performance measure or outcome before 1 January 2024. EXPERT OPINION Initial focus should be on implementing effective antifungal stewardship programs by developing and implementing local guidelines and using interventions, such as post-prescription review and feedback, which are known to be effective. Technologies such as microbiome analysis and machine learning may allow the development of truly individualized risk-factor-based approaches to antifungal stewardship in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Taynton
- Department of Infection, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK
| | - David Allsup
- Biomedical Institute for Multimorbidity, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK
- Queen's Centre for Oncology and Haematology, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - Gavin Barlow
- Department of Infection, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK
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3
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Yapa P, Munaweera I, Weerasekera MM, Weerasinghe L, Sandaruwan C. Potential antifungal applications of heterometallic silica nanohybrids: A synergistic activity. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 162:213930. [PMID: 38909600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
An estimated 1.7 million fatalities and 150 million cases worldwide are attributed to fungal infections annually, that are in rise due to immunocompromised patient population. The challenges posed by traditional treatments can be addressed with the help of nanotechnology advancements. In this study, Co, Cu, and Ag-were doped into silica nanoparticles. Then the synthesized monometallic silica nanohybrids were combined to formulate heterometallic silica nanohybrids, characterized structurally and morphologically, compared, and evaluated for antifungal activity based on their individual and synergistic activity. The antifungal assays were conducted by using ATCC cultures of Candida albicans and QC samples of Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum gypseum, and Aspergillus niger. The MIC (ranging from 49.00 to 1560.00 μg/mL), MFC (ranging from 197.00 to 3125.00 μg/mL), IC50 values (ranging from 31.10 to 400.80 μg/mL), and FICI of nanohybrids were determined and compared. Moreover, well diffusion assay was performed. ABTS assay and DPPH assay were conducted to investigate the radical scavenging activity (RSA) of nanohybrids. SEM analysis clearly evidenced the structural deformations of each fungal cells and spores due to the treatment with trimetallic nanohybrid. According to the results, the trimetallic silica nanohybrids exhibited the most powerful synergistic RSA and the most effective antifungal activity, compared to the bimetallic silica nanohybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piumika Yapa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Imalka Munaweera
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka.
| | - Manjula M Weerasekera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Laksiri Weerasinghe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Chanaka Sandaruwan
- Sri Lanka Institute of Nanotechnology (SLINTEC), Homagama 10200, Sri Lanka; Department of Aerospace Engineering, Khalifa University of Science & Technology, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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O’Connor-Moneley J, Fletcher J, Bean C, Parker J, Kelly SL, Moran GP, Sullivan DJ. Deletion of the Candida albicans TLO gene family results in alterations in membrane sterol composition and fluconazole tolerance. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308665. [PMID: 39121069 PMCID: PMC11315338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Development of resistance and tolerance to antifungal drugs in Candida albicans can compromise treatment of infections caused by this pathogenic yeast species. The uniquely expanded C. albicans TLO gene family is comprised of 14 paralogous genes which encode Med2, a subunit of the multiprotein Mediator complex which is involved in the global control of transcription. This study investigates the acquisition of fluconazole tolerance in a mutant in which the entire TLO gene family has been deleted. This phenotype was reversed to varying degrees upon reintroduction of representative members of the alpha- and beta-TLO clades (i.e. TLO1 and TLO2), but not by TLO11, a gamma-clade representative. Comparative RNA sequencing analysis revealed changes in the expression of genes involved in a range of cellular functions, including ergosterol biosynthesis, mitochondrial function, and redox homeostasis. This was supported by the results of mass spectrometry analysis, which revealed alterations in sterol composition of the mutant cell membrane. Our data suggest that members of the C. albicans TLO gene family are involved in the control of ergosterol biosynthesis and mitochondrial function and may play a role in the responses of C. albicans to azole antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- James O’Connor-Moneley
- Division of Oral Biosciences, Dublin Dental University Hospital, and School of Dental Science, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jessica Fletcher
- Division of Oral Biosciences, Dublin Dental University Hospital, and School of Dental Science, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cody Bean
- Division of Oral Biosciences, Dublin Dental University Hospital, and School of Dental Science, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Josie Parker
- Institute of Life Science, Singleton Campus, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Steven L. Kelly
- Institute of Life Science, Singleton Campus, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Gary P. Moran
- Division of Oral Biosciences, Dublin Dental University Hospital, and School of Dental Science, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Derek J. Sullivan
- Division of Oral Biosciences, Dublin Dental University Hospital, and School of Dental Science, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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El Meouche I, Jain P, Jolly MK, Capp JP. Drug tolerance and persistence in bacteria, fungi and cancer cells: Role of non-genetic heterogeneity. Transl Oncol 2024; 49:102069. [PMID: 39121829 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A common feature of bacterial, fungal and cancer cell populations upon treatment is the presence of tolerant and persistent cells able to survive, and sometimes grow, even in the presence of usually inhibitory or lethal drug concentrations, driven by non-genetic differences among individual cells in a population. Here we review and compare data obtained on drug survival in bacteria, fungi and cancer cells to unravel common characteristics and cellular pathways, and to point their singularities. This comparative work also allows to cross-fertilize ideas across fields. We particularly focus on the role of gene expression variability in the emergence of cell-cell non-genetic heterogeneity because it represents a possible common basic molecular process at the origin of most persistence phenomena and could be monitored and tuned to help improve therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane El Meouche
- Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, IAME, F-75018 Paris, France.
| | - Paras Jain
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Jean-Pascal Capp
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, INSA/University of Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, Toulouse, France.
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Jiang XC, Hu K, Bai X, Li XR, Yan BC, Chen SP, Li XN, Sun HD, Puno PT. Structurally diverse ent-clerodanoids from the aerial parts of Isodon scoparius. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 228:114229. [PMID: 39127395 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Scoparodane C (1), a diterpenoid with a rare 3,4-seco-3-nor-2,11-epoxy-ent-clerodane scaffold, was obtained from the aerial parts of Isodon scoparius, along with isocopariusines A-E (2-6), five ent-clerodanoids featuring a 5/6-fused ring system, and isocopariusines F-H (7-9), three common ent-clerodanoids. The structures of these previously undescribed compounds were established by a combination of spectroscopic analysis, X-ray diffraction, chemical derivatization, and quantum chemical calculation. Remarkably, isocopariusine B (3) showed strong resistance reversal activity against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Chun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Kun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Xing-Ren Li
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Bing-Chao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Su-Ping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10039, PR China
| | - Xiao-Nian Li
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Han-Dong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Pema-Tenzin Puno
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, PR China.
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Zhou C, Wang Q, Cao H, Jiang J, Gao L. Nanozybiotics: Advancing Antimicrobial Strategies Through Biomimetic Mechanisms. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2403362. [PMID: 38874860 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens present significant global health challenges. The rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance exacerbates this issue, leading to a scenario where effective antibiotics are increasingly scarce. Traditional antibiotic development strategies are proving inadequate against the swift evolution of microbial resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel antimicrobial strategies with mechanisms distinct from those of existing antibiotics. Nanozybiotics, which are nanozyme-based antimicrobials, mimic the catalytic action of lysosomal enzymes in innate immune cells to kill infectious pathogens. This review reinforces the concept of nanozymes and provides a comprehensive summary of recent research advancements on potential antimicrobial candidates. Initially, nanozybiotics are categorized based on their activities, mimicking either oxidoreductase-like or hydrolase-like functions, thereby highlighting their superior mechanisms in combating antimicrobial resistance. The review then discusses the progress of nanozybiotics in treating bacterial, viral, and fungal infections, confirming their potential as novel antimicrobial candidates. The translational potential of nanozybiotic-based products, including hydrogels, nanorobots, sprays, bandages, masks, and protective clothing, is also considered. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects of nanozybiotic-related products are explored, emphasizing the design and antimicrobial capabilities of nanozybiotics for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyu Zhou
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qian Wang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haolin Cao
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lizeng Gao
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100101, China
- Nanozyme Laboratory in Zhongyuan, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
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Soni S, Hettle D, Hutchings S, Wade S, Forrest-Jones K, Sequeiros I, Borman A, Johnson EM, Harding I. Promoting antifungal stewardship through an antifungal multidisciplinary team in a paediatric and adult tertiary centre in the UK. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2024; 6:dlae119. [PMID: 39104771 PMCID: PMC11299947 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlae119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) present significant challenges, especially among immunocompromised patients, with associated high morbidity, mortality and significant economic impact. Diagnostic difficulties and the emergence of antifungal resistance necessitates enhanced antifungal stewardship (AFS) efforts. Methods We report outcomes from a review of our multidisciplinary approach to AFS, based in a 1300-bed teaching hospital in the South-West of England. Retrospectively reviewing all adult and paediatric cases over 12 months in 2022, we investigated demographics, diagnosis, antifungal therapy and adherence to AFS advice, including clinical, mycological, financial and teamwork metrics. Data were extracted from our AFS database, supported by pharmacy records. Results The AFS multidisciplinary team (MDT) reviewed 111 patients, with 30 day and 1 year mortality of 22.7% and 35.4%, respectively. IFIs classified as proven accounted for 26%, with fungal pathogens identified in 36.3% of cases. Antifungal consumption (by 25.1%) and expenditure (by 59.9%) decreased from 2018 to 2022. The AFS MDT issued 324 recommendations, with a 93% acceptance rate. Conclusions Our approach to AFS, centred around a weekly MDT, demonstrated improvements in IFI management, antifungal consumption and cost-efficiency. This single-centre study highlights the value of a comprehensive, collaborative approach to AFS involving experts in mycology, infection, radiology, antifungal therapies and clinical teams. The programme's success in paediatric and adult populations and the near-universal acceptance of its recommendations show its potential as a model for replication. It represents a model for enhancing patient care and AFS practices, with future directions aimed at expanding service reach and the integration of further rapid diagnostic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchita Soni
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Marlborough Street, Bristol BS1 3NU, UK
| | - David Hettle
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Marlborough Street, Bristol BS1 3NU, UK
| | - Stephanie Hutchings
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA) South-West Regional Laboratory, Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Susan Wade
- Pharmacy Department, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Marlborough Street, Bristol BS1 3NU, UK
| | - Kate Forrest-Jones
- Pharmacy Department, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Marlborough Street, Bristol BS1 3NU, UK
| | - Iara Sequeiros
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Marlborough Street, Bristol BS1 3NU, UK
| | - Andrew Borman
- UK National Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Infection Service, United Kingdom Health Security Agency South-West, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Johnson
- UK National Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Infection Service, United Kingdom Health Security Agency South-West, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Irasha Harding
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Marlborough Street, Bristol BS1 3NU, UK
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Marlborough Street, Bristol BS1 3NU, UK
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Kim JS, Cha H, Bahn YS. Comprehensive Overview of Candida auris: An Emerging Multidrug-Resistant Fungal Pathogen. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:1365-1375. [PMID: 38881183 PMCID: PMC11294645 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2404.04040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The rise of Candida auris, a multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen, across more than 40 countries, has signaled an alarming threat to global health due to its significant resistance to existing antifungal therapies. Characterized by its rapid spread and robust drug resistance, C. auris presents a critical challenge in managing infections, particularly in healthcare settings. With research on its biological traits and genetic basis of virulence and resistance still in the early stages, there is a pressing need for a concerted effort to understand and counteract this pathogen. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the epidemiology, biology, genetic manipulation, pathogenicity, diagnostics, and resistance mechanisms of C. auris, and discusses future directions in research and therapeutic development. By exploring the complexities surrounding C. auris, we aim to underscore the importance of advancing research to devise effective control and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Seok Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Cha
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sun Bahn
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Kannan KP, As SG. Anticandidal effect of cinnamic acid characterized from Cinnamomum cassia bark against the fluconazole resistant strains of Candida. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01469-w. [PMID: 39046694 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01469-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida spp., causes invasive fungal infections, especially in immune-compromised patients and the propensity of antifungal resistance against azole-based drugs need to be addressed. This study is thus aimed to characterize the anticandidal effect of the cinnamic acid extracted from the barks of Cinnamomum cassia. Five species of Fluconazole-resistant Candida sp. were retrieved from the department repertoire. The extraction of CA was performed by three different methods followed by silica gel column chromatography. Eluant was subjected to FTIR and XRD analysis for confirmation. The anticandidal activity of the CA was checked by the agar disc diffusion method and the MIC and MFC were determined. The anti-biofilm effect of CA was assessed using the CLSM technique followed by the biocompatibility check using MTT assay in normal HGF cell lines. CA was best extracted with the hot maceration method using ethanol with a maximum yield of 6.73 mg. Purification by column chromatography was achieved using benzene, acetic acid, and water (6:7:3) mobile phase. CA was confirmed by FTIR with absorption peaks and by XDR based on strong intensity. CA was found to possess promising anticandidal activity at 8 µg/mL with MIC and MFC values determined as 0.8 µg/mL and 0.08 µg/mL respectively. Antibiofilm activity by CLSM analysis revealed biofilm inhibition and was biocompatible at 8.5 µg/ml concentrations in HGF cell lines until 24 h. The study findings conclude that CA is the best alternative to treat candidal infection warranting further experimental preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannika Parameshwari Kannan
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences [SIMATS], Saveetha University, P.H.Road, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600077, India
| | - Smiline Girija As
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences [SIMATS], Saveetha University, P.H.Road, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600077, India.
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Kontou A, Agakidou E, Chatziioannidis I, Chotas W, Thomaidou E, Sarafidis K. Antibiotics, Analgesic Sedatives, and Antiseizure Medications Frequently Used in Critically Ill Neonates: A Narrative Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:871. [PMID: 39062320 PMCID: PMC11275925 DOI: 10.3390/children11070871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic, analgesic sedative, and antiseizure medications are among the most commonly used medications in preterm/sick neonates, who are at high risk of nosocomial infections, central nervous system complications, and are exposed to numerous painful/stressful procedures. These severe and potentially life-threatening complications may have serious short- and long-term consequences and should be prevented and/or promptly treated. The reported variability in the medications used in neonates indicates the lack of adequate neonatal studies regarding their effectiveness and safety. Important obstacles contributing to inadequate studies in preterm/sick infants include difficulties in obtaining parental consent, physicians' unwillingness to recruit preterm infants, the off-label use of many medications in neonates, and other scientific and ethical concerns. This review is an update on the use of antimicrobials (antifungals), analgesics (sedatives), and antiseizure medications in neonates, focusing on current evidence or knowledge gaps regarding their pharmacokinetics, indications, safety, dosage, and evidence-based guidelines for their optimal use in neonates. We also address the effects of early antibiotic use on the intestinal microbiome and its association with long-term immune-related diseases, obesity, and neurodevelopment (ND). Recommendations for empirical treatment and the emergence of pathogen resistance to antimicrobials and antifungals are also presented. Finally, future perspectives on the prevention, modification, or reversal of antibiotic resistance are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Kontou
- Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.A.); (I.C.); (K.S.)
| | - Eleni Agakidou
- Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.A.); (I.C.); (K.S.)
| | - Ilias Chatziioannidis
- Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.A.); (I.C.); (K.S.)
| | - William Chotas
- Department of Neonatology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Evanthia Thomaidou
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital of Thessaloniki, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Kosmas Sarafidis
- Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.A.); (I.C.); (K.S.)
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Bueno FL, Badaró MM, Pagnano VO, Curylofo PA, Oliveira VDC, Macedo AP, Watanabe E, Paranhos HDFO, Silva-Lovato CH. Effect of disinfectants on multispecies biofilm, the physical and mechanical properties of polymethyl methacrylate, and the corrosion of cobalt chromium alloy. J Prosthet Dent 2024:S0022-3913(24)00446-3. [PMID: 39019725 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The optimal disinfection protocol that controls adverse effects and promotes effective antimicrobial action on removable prostheses is unclear. PURPOSE This in vitro study investigated the effect of disinfectant solutions on the biological, physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of removable prosthesis materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS Specimens of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and cobalt chromium (Co-Cr) alloy were immersed in distilled water (PMMA) or artificial saliva (Co-Cr) as the control and in 0.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl0.25%), 0.5% chloramine T (CT0.5%), and 0.15% Triclosan (TR0.15%). The antibiofilm activity was evaluated by microbial load and cell metabolisms of the mixed biofilm. Physical (color change, sorption, solubility, and surface roughness), mechanical (hardness, flexural, and impact strength), and chemical (corrosion) properties were analyzed before and after simulating a 5-year immersion. Laser confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDS) complemented the analyses. The data were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn posttests, 1-way ANOVA, and repeated measures ANOVA (α=.05). RESULTS All solutions were effective against bacteria, but only NaOCl0.25% eliminated Candida spp. TR0.15%, and CT0.5% increased cell metabolisms. For interaction (time and solution), there was a reduction in PMMA hardness in the control and TR0.15%. Color, sorption, solubility, and flexural strength did not change. CT0.5% and TR0.15% were similar for impact resistance. CT0.5% caused the lowest roughness. NaOCl0.25% showed the greatest corrosive potential. Dark spots were seen under SEM in Co-Cr stored with NaOCl0.25% and TR0.15%. EDS indicated different proportions of oxygen, cobalt, chromium, and molybdenum. CONCLUSIONS NaOCl0.25% had the best antimicrobial action. CT0.5% and TR0.15% have potential. Hardness and roughness changes were clinically acceptable, and the other properties remained unchanged. All the solutions caused color changes. NaOCl0.25% was unsatisfactory for use with Co-Cr, CT0.5% was intermediate, and TR0.15% was suitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Lucarini Bueno
- PhD student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Malheiros Badaró
- Adjunct Professor, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Valéria Oliveira Pagnano
- Associate Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Almeida Curylofo
- PhD student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviane de Cássia Oliveira
- Specialized Laboratory Technician, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Macedo
- Specialized Laboratory Technician, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Evandro Watanabe
- Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena de Freitas Oliveira Paranhos
- Full Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Helena Silva-Lovato
- Full Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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13
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Sautour M, Théry T, Divoux G, Dupont S, Beney L, Gros CP, Desbois N. Synthesis and characterization of new acid-functionalized porphyrins displaying antimicrobial activity against gram positive bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi with or without ultra-high irradiance. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 109:117810. [PMID: 38906069 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of new acid-functionalized porphyrins, with or without ultra-high irradiance, was investigated. Antibacterial efficacy was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-resistant or methicillin-sensitive strains) and antifungal efficacy was evaluated against the yeast Candida albicans and the filamentous fungi Aspergillus fumigatus. Overall, the porphyrins tested are more effective against S. aureus. The best results were obtained with zinc diacid porphyrins 4 and 5 after only 3 min of ultra-high irradiation (500 mW/cm2, 405 nm), demonstrating that acid-functionalized porphyrins are promising as novel antimicrobial drugs for surface disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Sautour
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, University Hospital Biology Platform, Dijon University Hospital Center (CHU), 21000 Dijon, France; UMR PAM 1517, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro, INRAE, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Thibaut Théry
- UMR PAM 1517, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro, INRAE, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Gaëlle Divoux
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB, UMR CNRS 6302), Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Dupont
- UMR PAM 1517, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro, INRAE, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Beney
- UMR PAM 1517, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro, INRAE, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Claude P Gros
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB, UMR CNRS 6302), Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Desbois
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB, UMR CNRS 6302), Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France.
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14
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Khalifa HO, Oreiby A, Abdelhamid MAA, Ki MR, Pack SP. Biomimetic Antifungal Materials: Countering the Challenge of Multidrug-Resistant Fungi. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:425. [PMID: 39056866 PMCID: PMC11274442 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9070425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In light of rising public health threats like antifungal and antimicrobial resistance, alongside the slowdown in new antimicrobial development, biomimetics have shown promise as therapeutic agents. Multidrug-resistant fungi pose significant challenges as they quickly develop resistance, making traditional antifungals less effective. Developing new antifungals is also complicated by the need to target eukaryotic cells without harming the host. This review examines biomimetic antifungal materials that mimic natural biological mechanisms for targeted and efficient action. It covers a range of agents, including antifungal peptides, alginate-based antifungals, chitosan derivatives, nanoparticles, plant-derived polyphenols, and probiotic bacteria. These agents work through mechanisms such as disrupting cell membranes, generating reactive oxygen species, and inhibiting essential fungal processes. Despite their potential, challenges remain in terms of ensuring biocompatibility, optimizing delivery, and overcoming potential resistance. Production scalability and economic viability are also concerns. Future research should enhance the stability and efficacy of these materials, integrate multifunctional approaches, and develop sophisticated delivery systems. Interdisciplinary efforts are needed to understand interactions between these materials, fungal cells, and the host environment. Long-term health and environmental impacts, fungal resistance mechanisms, and standardized testing protocols require further study. In conclusion, while biomimetic antifungal materials represent a revolutionary approach to combating multidrug-resistant fungi, extensive research and development are needed to fully realize their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazim O. Khalifa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Atef Oreiby
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed A. A. Abdelhamid
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (M.A.A.A.); (M.-R.K.)
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Mi-Ran Ki
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (M.A.A.A.); (M.-R.K.)
- Institute of Industrial Technology, Korea University, Sejong-ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Pil Pack
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (M.A.A.A.); (M.-R.K.)
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15
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Snapiri O, Danziger CR, Sachs N, Krause I, Zvi HB, Danino D, Kriger O, Shachor-Meyouhas Y, Averbuch D, Bilavsky E. Candida lusitaniae Fungemia in Children: A multicenter case series of emerging pathogen. Med Mycol 2024; 62:myae057. [PMID: 38806253 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myae057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida lusitaniae fungemia is a serious infection that is rarely reported in children. The aim of this study is to describe a case series of C. lusitaniae fungemia and review previous publications regarding this rare pathogen. This is a multicenter case series of children diagnosed with C. lusitaniae fungemia. A total of 18 cases that occurred over a 15-year period in five tertiary hospitals were included. Additionally, a review of the literature regarding C. lusitaniae fungemia in children was performed. A total of 18 cases were enrolled; 11/18 (61%) were males, with a mean age of 2.3 years. All patients had severe underlying diseases and risk factors for opportunistic infection, most commonly prematurity and malignancies. More than one-third of cases occurred during the last 2 years of the study period. All isolates were susceptible to all tested antifungals. The survival rate following the acute infection was 94%, whereas the survival rate of 14 previously published cases was 71%, with the most common underlying diseases being CGD and malignancies. Candida lusitaniae fungemia is not a common event in the pediatric population, occurring exclusively in children with severe underlying diseases and significant risk factors. This cohort revealed better clinical outcomes than previously reported. All tested isolates were susceptible to all antifungal agents; variability in susceptibility as previously reported was not found in this study. The allegedly higher rate of infection in recent years is in need of further investigation in larger prospective studies in order to conclude if a real trend is at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ori Snapiri
- Department of Pediatrics C, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Chen Rosenberg Danziger
- Department of Pediatrics C, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Nimrod Sachs
- Department of Pediatrics C, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
- The Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Irit Krause
- Department of Pediatrics C, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Haim Ben Zvi
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva, Israel
| | - Dana Danino
- Faculty of Health and Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
- The Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Or Kriger
- Clinical Microbiology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Yael Shachor-Meyouhas
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit and management, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- The Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Thechnology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dina Averbuch
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Efraim Bilavsky
- Department of Pediatrics C, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
- The Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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16
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Pandit S, Singh A, Singh J, Xess I, Singh TP, Singh G, Sharma P, Sharma S. Synergistic action of lactoferrin and its derived functional fragments as a promising therapeutic agent in combating mucormycosis. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:857-866. [PMID: 38904282 PMCID: PMC11290771 DOI: 10.1080/17460913.2024.2352263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Currently, we have limited armamentarium of antifungal agents against Mucorales. There is an urgent need to discover novel antifungal agents that are effective, safe and affordable. Materials & methods: In this study, the anti-Mucorale action of native lactoferrin (LF) and its functional fragments CLF, RR6 and LFcin against three common Mucorale species are reported. The synergistic action of LF with antifungal agents like amphotericin B, isavuconazole and posaconazole was analyzed using checkerboard technique. Results: All the three mucor species showed inhibition when treated with fragments. The checkerboard assay confirmed that native LF showed the best synergistic action against Mucorales in combination with Amphotericin B. Conclusion: These results highlight the potential therapeutic value of native LF against Mucorales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Pandit
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
| | - Anamika Singh
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
| | - Jiya Singh
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
| | - Immaculata Xess
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
| | - Tej P Singh
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
| | - Pradeep Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
| | - Sujata Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
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17
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Amatto IVDS, Simões FADO, Garzon NGDR, Marciano CL, Silva RRD, Cabral H. Response of Fusarium oxysporum soil isolate to amphotericin B and fluconazole at the proteomic level. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01417-8. [PMID: 38954219 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum is a cross-kingdom pathogen that infects humans, animals, and plants. The primary concern regarding this genus revolves around its resistance profile to multiple classes of antifungals, particularly azoles. However, the resistance mechanism employed by Fusarium spp. is not fully understood, thus necessitating further studies to enhance our understanding and to guide future research towards identifying new drug targets. Here, we employed an untargeted proteomic approach to assess the differentially expressed proteins in a soil isolate of Fusarium oxysporum URM7401 cultivated in the presence of amphotericin B and fluconazole. In response to antifungals, URM7401 activated diverse interconnected pathways, such as proteins involved in oxidative stress response, proteolysis, and lipid metabolism. Efflux proteins, antioxidative enzymes and M35 metallopeptidase were highly expressed under amphotericin B exposure. Antioxidant proteins acting on toxic lipids, along with proteins involved in lipid metabolism, were expressed during fluconazole exposure. In summary, this work describes the protein profile of a resistant Fusarium oxysporum soil isolate exposed to medical antifungals, paving the way for further targeted research and discovering new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V da S Amatto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - F A de O Simões
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - N G da R Garzon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - C L Marciano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - R R da Silva
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - H Cabral
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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18
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Yu J, Yang W, Fan X, Cui E, Min R, Yuan H, Hu Y, Wang H, Zhang G, Zhao Y, Xu Y, Guo L. Emerging trends of invasive yeast infections and azole resistance in Beijing intensive care units. J Hosp Infect 2024; 149:46-55. [PMID: 38740299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2024.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive fungal infections pose a substantial threat to patients in healthcare settings globally. Recent changes in the prevalence of fungal species and challenges in conducting reference antifungal susceptibility testing emphasize the importance of monitoring fungi and their antifungal resistance. METHODS A two-phase surveillance project was conducted in Beijing, China, involving 37 centres across 12 districts, from January 2012 to December 2013 and from January 2016 to December 2017. FINDINGS We found that the proportion of Candida albicans in intensive care units (ICUs) during 2016-2017 exhibited a significant decline compared with the 2012-2013 period, although it remained the most predominant pathogen. In contrast, the prevalence of Nakaseomyces glabratus (formerly Candida glabrata) and Candida tropicalis notably increased during the two-phase surveillance. The high prevalence of C. tropicalis and its resistance to azole drugs posed a serious threat to patients in ICUs. The pathogens causing invasive fungal infections in Beijing were relatively sensitive to echinocandins. While C. albicans continued to exhibit susceptibility to azoles, the resistance and growth rates of C. tropicalis towards azoles were particularly prominent. Concerns were raised due to the emergence of multiple, short-term isolates of Clavispora lusitaniae and Candida parapsilosis complex in neonatal ICUs, given their similarity in antifungal susceptibilities. Such occurrences point towards the potential for transmission and persisting presence of these pathogens within the ICU environment. CONCLUSIONS Our study complements existing data on the epidemiology of invasive fungal infections. It is imperative to exercise cautious medication management for ICU patients in Beijing, paying particular attention to azole resistance in C. tropicalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - W Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - X Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - E Cui
- Clinical Laboratory Medical Center, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - R Min
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - H Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - G Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Y Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Y Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - L Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China.
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19
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Huang J, Hu P, Ye L, Shen Z, Chen X, Liu F, Xie Y, Yu J, Fan X, Xiao M, Tsui CKM, Wang W, Li Y, Zhang G, Wong KH, Cai L, Bai FY, Xu Y, Wang L. Pan-drug resistance and hypervirulence in a human fungal pathogen are enabled by mutagenesis induced by mammalian body temperature. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:1686-1699. [PMID: 38898217 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01720-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The continuing emergence of invasive fungal pathogens poses an increasing threat to public health. Here, through the China Hospital Invasive Fungal Surveillance Net programme, we identified two independent cases of human infection with a previously undescribed invasive fungal pathogen, Rhodosporidiobolus fluvialis, from a genus in which many species are highly resistant to fluconazole and caspofungin. We demonstrate that R. fluvialis can undergo yeast-to-pseudohyphal transition and that pseudohyphal growth enhances its virulence, revealed by the development of a mouse model. Furthermore, we show that mouse infection or mammalian body temperature induces its mutagenesis, allowing the emergence of hypervirulent mutants favouring pseudohyphal growth. Temperature-induced mutagenesis can also elicit the development of pan-resistance to three of the most commonly used first-line antifungals (fluconazole, caspofungin and amphotericin B) in different Rhodosporidiobolus species. Furthermore, polymyxin B was found to exhibit potent activity against the pan-resistant Rhodosporidiobolus mutants. Collectively, by identifying and characterizing a fungal pathogen in the drug-resistant genus Rhodosporidiobolus, we provide evidence that temperature-dependent mutagenesis can enable the development of pan-drug resistance and hypervirulence in fungi, and support the idea that global warming can promote the evolution of new fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pengjie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Leixin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenghao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinfei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhan Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Clement K M Tsui
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Novena, Singapore
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Weiping Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingxing Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Koon Ho Wong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Lei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Yan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchun Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Linqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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20
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Quejada LF, Hernandez AX, Chitiva LC, Bravo-Chaucanés CP, Vargas-Casanova Y, Faria RX, Costa GM, Parra-Giraldo CM. Unmasking the Antifungal Activity of Anacardium occidentale Leaf Extract against Candida albicans. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:464. [PMID: 39057348 PMCID: PMC11277670 DOI: 10.3390/jof10070464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal disease causes high morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised patients. Resistance to conventional antifungal drugs and the toxicity associated with high doses highlight the need for effective antifungal therapies. In this study, the antifungal potential of the ethanolic extract of Anacardium occidentale (Cashew Leaf) leaves were evaluated against Candida albicans and C. auris. The antifungal activity was tested by the broth microdilution method and growth kinetic test. To further explore its antifungal action mode, spectrofluorophotometry, confocal microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy were performed. Additionally, heterozygous knockout strains associated with resistance to oxidative stress were included in the study. We found that A. occidentale could inhibit the proliferation and growth of C. albicans at concentrations of 62.5 and 125 μg/mL. The doubling time was also drastically affected, going from 2.8 h to 22.5 h, which was also observed in C. auris. The extract induced the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, while it did not show cytotoxicity or hemolytic activity at the concentrations evaluated. Our work preliminarily elucidated the potential mechanisms of A. occidentale against C. albicans on a cellular level, and might provide a promising option for the design of a new treatment for invasive candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F. Quejada
- Unidad de Proteómica y Micosis Humanas, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43-82, 110231 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.F.Q.); (C.P.B.-C.); (Y.V.-C.)
| | - Andrea X. Hernandez
- Grupo de Investigación Fitoquímica Universidad Javeriana (GIFUJ), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43-82, 110231 Bogotá, Colombia; (A.X.H.); (L.C.C.); (G.M.C.)
| | - Luis C. Chitiva
- Grupo de Investigación Fitoquímica Universidad Javeriana (GIFUJ), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43-82, 110231 Bogotá, Colombia; (A.X.H.); (L.C.C.); (G.M.C.)
| | - Claudia P. Bravo-Chaucanés
- Unidad de Proteómica y Micosis Humanas, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43-82, 110231 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.F.Q.); (C.P.B.-C.); (Y.V.-C.)
| | - Yerly Vargas-Casanova
- Unidad de Proteómica y Micosis Humanas, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43-82, 110231 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.F.Q.); (C.P.B.-C.); (Y.V.-C.)
| | - Robson X. Faria
- Laboratório de Toxoplasmose e outras Protozooses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Geison M. Costa
- Grupo de Investigación Fitoquímica Universidad Javeriana (GIFUJ), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43-82, 110231 Bogotá, Colombia; (A.X.H.); (L.C.C.); (G.M.C.)
| | - Claudia M. Parra-Giraldo
- Unidad de Proteómica y Micosis Humanas, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43-82, 110231 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.F.Q.); (C.P.B.-C.); (Y.V.-C.)
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Caja S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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21
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Sepúlveda VE, Goldman WE, Matute DR. Genotypic diversity, virulence, and molecular genetic tools in Histoplasma. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2024; 88:e0007623. [PMID: 38819148 PMCID: PMC11332355 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00076-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYHistoplasmosis is arguably the most common fungal respiratory infection worldwide, with hundreds of thousands of new infections occurring annually in the United States alone. The infection can progress in the lung or disseminate to visceral organs and can be difficult to treat with antifungal drugs. Histoplasma, the causative agent of the disease, is a pathogenic fungus that causes life-threatening lung infections and is globally distributed. The fungus has the ability to germinate from conidia into either hyphal (mold) or yeast form, depending on the environmental temperature. This transition also regulates virulence. Histoplasma and histoplasmosis have been classified as being of emergent importance, and in 2022, the World Health Organization included Histoplasma as 1 of the 19 most concerning human fungal pathogens. In this review, we synthesize the current understanding of the ecological niche, evolutionary history, and virulence strategies of Histoplasma. We also describe general patterns of the symptomatology and epidemiology of histoplasmosis. We underscore areas where research is sorely needed and highlight research avenues that have been productive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E. Sepúlveda
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - William E. Goldman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel R. Matute
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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22
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Morrissey CO, Kim HY, Duong TMN, Moran E, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Denning DW, Perfect JR, Nucci M, Chakrabarti A, Rickerts V, Chiller TM, Wahyuningsih R, Hamers RL, Cassini A, Gigante V, Sati H, Alffenaar JW, Beardsley J. Aspergillus fumigatus-a systematic review to inform the World Health Organization priority list of fungal pathogens. Med Mycol 2024; 62:myad129. [PMID: 38935907 PMCID: PMC11210617 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myad129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Recognizing the growing global burden of fungal infections, the World Health Organization established a process to develop a priority list of fungal pathogens (FPPL). In this systematic review, we aimed to evaluate the epidemiology and impact of invasive infections caused by Aspergillus fumigatus to inform the first FPPL. The pre-specified criteria of mortality, inpatient care, complications and sequelae, antifungal susceptibility, risk factors, preventability, annual incidence, global distribution, and emergence were used to search for relevant articles between 1 January 2016 and 10 June 2021. Overall, 49 studies were eligible for inclusion. Azole antifungal susceptibility varied according to geographical regions. Voriconazole susceptibility rates of 22.2% were reported from the Netherlands, whereas in Brazil, Korea, India, China, and the UK, voriconazole susceptibility rates were 76%, 94.7%, 96.9%, 98.6%, and 99.7%, respectively. Cross-resistance was common with 85%, 92.8%, and 100% of voriconazole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates also resistant to itraconazole, posaconazole, and isavuconazole, respectively. The incidence of invasive aspergillosis (IA) in patients with acute leukemia was estimated at 5.84/100 patients. Six-week mortality rates in IA cases ranged from 31% to 36%. Azole resistance and hematological malignancy were poor prognostic factors. Twelve-week mortality rates were significantly higher in voriconazole-resistant than in voriconazole-susceptible IA cases (12/22 [54.5%] vs. 27/88 [30.7%]; P = .035), and hematology patients with IA had significantly higher mortality rates compared with solid-malignancy cases who had IA (65/217 [30%] vs. 14/78 [18%]; P = .04). Carefully designed surveillance studies linking laboratory and clinical data are required to better inform future FPPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Orla Morrissey
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hannah Y Kim
- The University of Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute (Sydney ID), New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tra-My N Duong
- The University of Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute (Sydney ID), New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eric Moran
- Sinclair Dermatology, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo
- Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - David W Denning
- Global Action for Fungal Infections, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - John R Perfect
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Marcio Nucci
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro and Grupo Oncoclinicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Volker Rickerts
- Robert Koch Institute Berlin, FG16, Seestrasse 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tom M Chiller
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Retno Wahyuningsih
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Raph L Hamers
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Indonesia, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alessandro Cassini
- Infectious Diseases Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Public Health Department, Canton of Vaud, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Gigante
- AMR Division, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hatim Sati
- AMR Division, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jan-Willem Alffenaar
- The University of Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute (Sydney ID), New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Justin Beardsley
- The University of Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute (Sydney ID), New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
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23
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Modrzejewska M, Zdanowska O, Świstara D, Połubiński P. Uveitis in the Pediatric Population and Therapeutic Management: A Current Literature Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:769. [PMID: 39062219 PMCID: PMC11274701 DOI: 10.3390/children11070769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Uveitis is an inflammatory disease that can lead to severe complications, including vision loss. The pediatric population is particularly at risk of developing complications, as uveitis in this age group often has idiopathic origins or is associated with systemic diseases that follow a severe course. This, coupled with unfavorable treatment outcomes, continues to be a challenge in pediatric ophthalmology. The cornerstone of uveitis treatment involves a therapeutic strategy that depends on the etiology, severity, and localization of the inflammation, as well as the patient's response to treatment and the presence of ocular complications. Patients who do not receive timely treatment face a significantly increased risk of experiencing a severe disease course. Understanding potential therapeutic options and their side effects is crucial in managing children with uveitis. Equally important is the continuous monitoring of the child's condition throughout the treatment process, due to the chronic and recurrent nature of uveitis in this demographic. The authors conducted a review of the current literature from 2018 to 2023 on the management and introduction of new therapeutic approaches for children with uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Modrzejewska
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Oliwia Zdanowska
- K. Marcinkowski University Hospital in Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Dawid Świstara
- K. Marcinkowski University Hospital in Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Piotr Połubiński
- Scientific Association of Students, 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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24
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Ishii M, Matsumoto Y, Yamada T, Uga H, Katada T, Ohata S. Targeting dermatophyte Cdc42 and Rac GTPase signaling to hinder hyphal elongation and virulence. iScience 2024; 27:110139. [PMID: 38952678 PMCID: PMC11215307 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of antifungal drugs requires novel molecular targets due to limited treatment options and drug resistance. Through chemical screening and establishment of a novel genetic technique to repress gene expression in Trichophyton rubrum, the primary causal fungus of dermatophytosis, we demonstrated that fungal Cdc42 and Rac GTPases are promising antifungal drug targets. Chemical inhibitors of these GTPases impair hyphal formation, which is crucial for growth and virulence in T. rubrum. Conditional repression of Cdc24, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Cdc42 and Rac, led to hyphal growth defects, abnormal cell morphology, and cell death. EHop-016 inhibited the promotion of the guanine nucleotide exchange reaction in Cdc42 and Rac by Cdc24 as well as germination and growth on the nail fragments of T. rubrum and improved animal survival in an invertebrate infection model of T. rubrum. Our results provide a novel antifungal therapeutic target and a potential lead compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ishii
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Matsumoto
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2–522–1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204–8588, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yamada
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, Teikyo University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0395, Japan
- Asia International Institute of Infectious Disease Control, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Hideko Uga
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Katada
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Shinya Ohata
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
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25
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de Paiva Macedo J, Dias VC. Antifungal resistance: why are we losing this battle? Future Microbiol 2024; 19:1027-1040. [PMID: 38904325 PMCID: PMC11318685 DOI: 10.1080/17460913.2024.2342150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of fungal pathogens and changes in the epidemiological landscape are prevalent issues in clinical mycology. Reports of resistance to antifungals have been reported. This review aims to evaluate molecular and nonmolecular mechanisms related to antifungal resistance. Mutations in the ERG genes and overexpression of the efflux pump (MDR1, CDR1 and CDR2 genes) were the most reported molecular mechanisms of resistance in clinical isolates, mainly related to Azoles. For echinocandins, a molecular mechanism described was mutation in the FSK genes. Furthermore, nonmolecular virulence factors contributed to therapeutic failure, such as biofilm formation and selective pressure due to previous exposure to antifungals. Thus, there are many public health challenges in treating fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamile de Paiva Macedo
- Master's Student in Biological Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora – UFJF Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n, São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036 900, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cordeiro Dias
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology & Immunology Federal University of Juiz de Fora – UFJF Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n, São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036 900, Brazil
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26
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Neto Junior JM, Dias VC, de Andrad Bastos VQ, de Andrade Bastos LQ, Bastos AN, Bastos RV, Silva VL, Ferreira Machado AB, Diniz CG. Clinical and epidemiological aspects of Candida yeast infections and rational use of antifungals. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:577-584. [PMID: 38884219 PMCID: PMC11229581 DOI: 10.1080/17460913.2024.2342679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and epidemiological aspects of Candida infections. Methods: The study relied on the analysis of electronic medical records. Results: Among 183 patients with positive fungal infections, 57 were from the community and 126 from hospitals. Females predominated in both groups (82.4% in the community, 54.7% in hospitals). Non-albicans Candida spp. accounted for 62.8% of cases. Antifungal therapy was prescribed for 67 patients, with a 55.6% mortality rate. Conclusion: The increasing prevalence of non-albicans Candida species highlights the need for better candidiasis monitoring and control, especially concerning antifungal use amidst rising antimicrobial resistance, particularly in empirical therapy scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Moreira Neto Junior
- Laboratory of Microbial Physiology & Molecular Genetics, Center for Studies in Microbiology, Department of Parasitology, Microbiology & Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-330, Brazil
- Cortes Villela Clinical Laboratory, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36016-904, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cordeiro Dias
- Laboratory of Microbial Physiology & Molecular Genetics, Center for Studies in Microbiology, Department of Parasitology, Microbiology & Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-330, Brazil
| | | | | | - Andre Netto Bastos
- Laboratory of Microbial Physiology & Molecular Genetics, Center for Studies in Microbiology, Department of Parasitology, Microbiology & Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-330, Brazil
| | | | - Vania Lucia Silva
- Laboratory of Microbial Physiology & Molecular Genetics, Center for Studies in Microbiology, Department of Parasitology, Microbiology & Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-330, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Barbosa Ferreira Machado
- Laboratory of Microbial Physiology & Molecular Genetics, Center for Studies in Microbiology, Department of Parasitology, Microbiology & Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-330, Brazil
| | - Claudio Galuppo Diniz
- Laboratory of Microbial Physiology & Molecular Genetics, Center for Studies in Microbiology, Department of Parasitology, Microbiology & Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-330, Brazil
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27
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Dladla M, Gyzenhout M, Marias G, Ghosh S. Azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus- comprehensive review. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:305. [PMID: 38878211 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04026-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous filamentous fungus commonly found in the environment. It is also an opportunistic human pathogen known to cause a range of respiratory infections, such as invasive aspergillosis, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Azole antifungal agents are widely used for the treatment and prophylaxis of Aspergillus infections due to their efficacy and tolerability. However, the emergence of azole resistance in A. fumigatus has become a major concern in recent years due to their association with increased treatment failures and mortality rates. The development of azole resistance in A. fumigatus can occur through both acquired and intrinsic mechanisms. Acquired resistance typically arises from mutations in the target enzyme, lanosterol 14-α-demethylase (Cyp51A), reduces the affinity of azole antifungal agents for the enzyme, rendering them less effective, while intrinsic resistance refers to a natural resistance of certain A. fumigatus isolates to azole antifungals due to inherent genetic characteristics. The current review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of azole antifungal resistance in A. fumigatus, discusses underlying resistance mechanisms, including alterations in the target enzyme, Cyp51A, and the involvement of efflux pumps in drug efflux. Impact of azole fungicide uses in the environment and the spread of resistant strains is also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mthokozisi Dladla
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
| | - Marieka Gyzenhout
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa.
| | - Gert Marias
- Department of Plant Sciences, Division of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa.
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Birkat Al Mawz, Oman.
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28
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Wassano NS, da Silva GB, Reis AH, A Gerhardt J, Antoniel EP, Akiyama D, Rezende CP, Neves LX, Vasconcelos EJR, de Figueiredo FL, Almeida F, de Castro PA, Pinzan CF, Goldman GH, Paes Leme AF, Fill TP, Moretti NS, Damasio A. Sirtuin E deacetylase is required for full virulence of Aspergillus fumigatus. Commun Biol 2024; 7:704. [PMID: 38851817 PMCID: PMC11162503 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06383-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus represents a public health problem due to the high mortality rate in immunosuppressed patients and the emergence of antifungal-resistant isolates. Protein acetylation is a crucial post-translational modification that controls gene expression and biological processes. The strategic manipulation of enzymes involved in protein acetylation has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for addressing fungal infections. Sirtuins, NAD+-dependent lysine deacetylases, regulate protein acetylation and gene expression in eukaryotes. However, their role in the human pathogenic fungus A. fumigatus remains unclear. This study constructs six single knockout strains of A. fumigatus and a strain lacking all predicted sirtuins (SIRTKO). The mutant strains are viable under laboratory conditions, indicating that sirtuins are not essential genes. Phenotypic assays suggest sirtuins' involvement in cell wall integrity, secondary metabolite production, thermotolerance, and virulence. Deletion of sirE attenuates virulence in murine and Galleria mellonella infection models. The absence of SirE alters the acetylation status of proteins, including histones and non-histones, and triggers significant changes in the expression of genes associated with secondary metabolism, cell wall biosynthesis, and virulence factors. These findings encourage testing sirtuin inhibitors as potential therapeutic strategies to combat A. fumigatus infections or in combination therapy with available antifungals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália S Wassano
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Human Pathogenic Fungi, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gabriela B da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Human Pathogenic Fungi, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Paulist School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Artur H Reis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Paulist School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline A Gerhardt
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Everton P Antoniel
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Daniel Akiyama
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Caroline P Rezende
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine from Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro X Neves
- Brazilian Bioscience National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda L de Figueiredo
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fausto Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine from Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia A de Castro
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Camila F Pinzan
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H Goldman
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Human Pathogenic Fungi, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Adriana F Paes Leme
- Brazilian Bioscience National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Taicia P Fill
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Human Pathogenic Fungi, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Nilmar S Moretti
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Paulist School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada.
- The Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada.
| | - André Damasio
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Human Pathogenic Fungi, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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Elhaj Mahmoud D, Hérivaux A, Morio F, Briard B, Vigneau C, Desoubeaux G, Bouchara JP, Gangneux JP, Nevez G, Le Gal S, Papon N. The epidemiology of invasive fungal infections in transplant recipients. Biomed J 2024; 47:100719. [PMID: 38580051 PMCID: PMC11220536 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2024.100719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Transplant patients, including solid-organ transplant (SOT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, are exposed to various types of complications, particularly rejection. To prevent these outcomes, transplant recipients commonly receive long-term immunosuppressive regimens that in turn make them more susceptible to a wide array of infectious diseases, notably those caused by opportunistic pathogens. Among these, invasive fungal infections (IFIs) remain a major cause of mortality and morbidity in both SOT and HSCT recipients. Despite the continuing improvement in early diagnostics and treatments of IFIs, the management of these infections in transplant patients is still complicated. Here, we provide an overview concerning the most recent trends in the epidemiology of IFIs in SOT and HSCT recipients by describing the prominent yeast and mold species involved, the timing of post-transplant IFIs and the risk factors associated with their occurrence in these particularly weak populations. We also give special emphasis into basic research advances in the field that recently suggested a role of the global and long-term prophylactic regimen in orchestrating various biological disturbances in the organism and conditioning the emergence of the most adapted fungal strains to the particular physiological profiles of transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorra Elhaj Mahmoud
- University of Angers, University of Brest, Infections Respiratoires Fongiques, SFR Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques, Angers, France
| | - Anaïs Hérivaux
- University of Angers, University of Brest, Infections Respiratoires Fongiques, SFR Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques, Angers, France
| | - Florent Morio
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de L'Immunité, UR1155, Nantes, France
| | - Benoit Briard
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France; CHRU Tours, Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale-Médecine Tropicale, Tours, France
| | - Cécile Vigneau
- University of Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S, 1085, Rennes, France; Division of Nephrology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Guillaume Desoubeaux
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France; CHRU Tours, Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale-Médecine Tropicale, Tours, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Bouchara
- University of Angers, University of Brest, Infections Respiratoires Fongiques, SFR Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques, Angers, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Gangneux
- University of Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S, 1085, Rennes, France; Laboratory of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) Excellence Center, Centre National de Référence Aspergilloses Chroniques, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Gilles Nevez
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France; University of Brest, University of Angers, Infections Respiratoires Fongiques, SFR Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques, Brest, France
| | - Solène Le Gal
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France; University of Brest, University of Angers, Infections Respiratoires Fongiques, SFR Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques, Brest, France
| | - Nicolas Papon
- University of Angers, University of Brest, Infections Respiratoires Fongiques, SFR Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques, Angers, France.
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de Albuquerque IKP, de Santana DL, de Assis Graciano Dos Santos F, Coutinho FN, de Almeida VM, de Faria AR, Macêdo DPC, Neves RP. Novel aza-bicyclic 2-isoxazoline acylhydrazone hybrids and their synergistic potential with fluconazole against a drug-resistant Candida albicans strain. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1811-1816. [PMID: 38739216 PMCID: PMC11153444 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
As the prevalence of drug-resistant Candida isolates continues to rise, the imperative for identifying novel compounds to enhance the arsenal of antifungal drugs becomes increasingly critical. Consequently, exploring new treatment strategies, including synthesizing molecular hybrids and applying combination therapy, is essential. For this reason, this study evaluated the efficacy of ten molecular hybrids of aza-bicyclic 2-isoxazoline-acylhydrazone belonging to two series 90 and 91 as possible anti-Candida agents. In addition, we also investigated the interaction between the hybrids and fluconazole, a commonly used antifungal drug. We evaluated the antifungal effect of aza-bicyclic 2-isoxazoline-acylhydrazone hybrid compounds against six Candida spp. strains that target planktonic cells. However, none of these new molecules were inhibitory active at the tested concentrations (2 to 1,024 µg/mL). Moreover, we analyzed the interaction between the ten new hybrid molecules and fluconazole using the checkerboard assay, employing two different methodologies for reading the plate. For this, one isolate fluconazole-resistant was selected. We observed that only one combination, 6-(4-tert-butylbenzoil)-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3a-H-pirrole[3,2-d]isoxazole-3-carboxylic(furan-2-metilidene)-hydrazide (91e) and fluconazole, exhibited a synergistic interaction (FICI range 0.0781 to 0.4739). The combination successfully inhibited the growth of C. albicans CA2 fluconazole-resistant, and no interaction was observed in an isolate susceptible to fluconazole. Additionally, these results emphasize the continued need for research into new compounds and the importance of using combined approaches to increase their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Débora Lopes de Santana
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Neves Coutinho
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Antônio Rodolfo de Faria
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Rejane Pereira Neves
- Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
- Laboratório Sylvio Campos (Micologia Médica), Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco-UFPE, Av. Prof. Nelson Chaves, Cidade Universitária, Pernambuco, 50670-420, Brazil.
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Fattouh N, Khalaf RA, Husni R. Candida glabrata hospital isolate from Lebanon reveals micafungin resistance associated with increased chitin and resistance to a cell-surface-disrupting agent. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024; 37:62-68. [PMID: 38408565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2024.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify the resistance mechanisms to micafungin and fluconazole in a clinical isolate of Candida glabrata. METHODS The isolate was whole-genome sequenced to identify amino acid changes in key proteins involved in antifungal resistance, and the isolate was further characterised by pathogenicity-related phenotypic assays that supported the sequencing results. RESULTS Amino acid substitutions were detected in 8 of 17 protein candidates. Many of these substitutions were novel, including in CHS3, CHS3B, and KRE5, which are involved in the development of micafungin resistance. Regarding fluconazole resistance, overexpression of efflux pumps was observed. Our isolate did not exhibit an increased virulence potential compared with the control strain; however, a significant increase in chitin content and potential to resist the cell surface disruptant sodium dodecyl sulphate was observed. CONCLUSIONS This clinical Candida glabrata isolate experienced a change in cell wall architecture, which correlates with the development of micafungin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Fattouh
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; Department of Biology, Saint George University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Roy A Khalaf
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
| | - Rola Husni
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon; Lebanese American University Medical Center, Rizk Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
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de Souza ÂC, Pereira DC, Barth PO, Roesch EW, Lutz L, Aquino VR, Goldani LZ. Rapid identification,fluconazole and micafungin susceptibility testing of Candida species from blood culture by a short incubation method. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 109:116271. [PMID: 38522370 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop and validate a rapid method for identification by MALDI-TOF system and determination of the susceptibility to Fluconazole and Micafungin by broth microdilution among Candidaspecies causing bloodstream infections. Subcultures from blood culture bottles were incubated for 5 hours (+/- 1h) and used to perform the tests, so that the turnaround time of rapid identification and susceptibility profile was about 5 and 24 hours, respectively. The rapid identification showed agreement of 92.05 %. Regarding the rapid broth microdilution for Fluconazole and Micafungin, the agreement was 97.06 % (p<0.001) and 100 % (p<0.001), and the Kappa coefficient was 0.91 (p<0.001) and 1.0 (p<0.001), respectively. To conclude, both rapid methods showed to be reproducible, inexpensive, easy to perform and time-saving. Thus, these methodologies could be useful to guide and adjust empirical antifungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ândrea Celestino de Souza
- Post-graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
| | - Dariane Castro Pereira
- Unidade de Microbiologia, Serviço de Diagnóstico Laboratorial - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Patricia Orlandi Barth
- Post-graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Eliane Würdig Roesch
- Unidade de Microbiologia, Serviço de Diagnóstico Laboratorial - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Larissa Lutz
- Unidade de Microbiologia, Serviço de Diagnóstico Laboratorial - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Valério Rodrigues Aquino
- Unidade de Microbiologia, Serviço de Diagnóstico Laboratorial - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Luciano Zubaran Goldani
- Post-graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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Liao M, Xia X, Meng Q, Zhu C, Liao B, Wang J, Gou L, Zhou X, Yuan W, Cheng L, Ren B. Holotoxin A 1 from Apostichopus japonicus inhibited oropharyngeal and intra-abdominal candidiasis by inducing oxidative damage in Candida albicans. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:1857-1873. [PMID: 38382564 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The holotoxin A1, isolated from Apostichopus japonicus, exhibits potent antifungal activities, but the mechanism and efficacy against candidiasis are unclear. In this study we have studied the antifungal effects and mechanism of holotoxin A1 against Candida albicans and in murine oropharyngeal and intra-abdominal candidiasis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The antifungal effect of holotoxin A1 against C. albicans was tested in vitro. To explore the antifungal mechanism of holotoxin A1, the transcriptome, ROS levels, and mitochondrial function of C. albicans was evaluated. Effectiveness and systematic toxicity of holotoxin A1 in vivo was assessed in the oropharyngeal and intra-abdominal candidiasis models in mice. KEY RESULTS Holotoxin A1 was a potent fungicide against C. albicans SC5314, clinical strains and drug-resistant strains. Holotoxin A1 inhibited oxidative phosphorylation and induced oxidative damage by increasing intracellular accumulation of ROS in C. albicans. Holotoxin A1 induced dysfunction of mitochondria by depolarizing the mitochondrial membrane potential and reducing the production of ATP. Holotoxin A1 directly inhibited the enzymatic activity of mitochondrial complex I and antagonized with the rotenone, an inhibitor of complex I, against C. albicans. Meanwhile, the complex I subunit NDH51 null mutants showed a decreased susceptibility to holotoxin A1. Furthermore, holotoxin A1 significantly reduced fungal burden and infections with no significant systemic toxicity in oropharyngeal and intra-abdominal candidiasis in murine models. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Holotoxin A1 is a promising candidate for the development of novel antifungal agents against both oropharyngeal and intra-abdominal candidiasis, especially when caused by drug-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuekui Xia
- Biology Institute, Key Laboratory of Bio-manufacturing of Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Qingzhou Meng
- Biology Institute, Key Laboratory of Bio-manufacturing of Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Chengguang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binyou Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiannan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lichen Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenpeng Yuan
- Biology Institute, Key Laboratory of Bio-manufacturing of Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Keyvanfar A, Najafiarab H, Talebian N, Tafti MF, Adeli G, Ghasemi Z, Tehrani S. Drug-resistant oral candidiasis in patients with HIV infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:546. [PMID: 38822256 PMCID: PMC11143751 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09442-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral candidiasis (OC) is a prevalent opportunistic infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The increasing resistance to antifungal agents in HIV-positive individuals suffering from OC raised concerns. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of drug-resistant OC in HIV-positive patients. METHODS Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases were systematically searched for eligible articles up to November 30, 2023. Studies reporting resistance to antifungal agents in Candida species isolated from HIV-positive patients with OC were included. Baseline characteristics, clinical features, isolated Candida species, and antifungal resistance were independently extracted by two reviewers. The pooled prevalence with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using the random effect model or fixed effect model. RESULTS Out of the 1942 records, 25 studies consisting of 2564 Candida species entered the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of resistance to the antifungal agents was as follows: ketoconazole (25.5%, 95% CI: 15.1-35.8%), fluconazole (24.8%, 95% CI: 17.4-32.1%), 5-Flucytosine (22.9%, 95% CI: -13.7-59.6%), itraconazole (20.0%, 95% CI: 10.0-26.0%), voriconazole (20.0%, 95% CI: 1.9-38.0%), miconazole (15.0%, 95% CI: 5.1-26.0%), clotrimazole (13.4%, 95% CI: 2.3-24.5%), nystatin (4.9%, 95% CI: -0.05-10.3%), amphotericin B (2.9%, 95% CI: 0.5-5.3%), and caspofungin (0.1%, 95% CI: -0.3-0.6%). Furthermore, there were high heterogeneities among almost all included studies regarding the resistance to different antifungal agents (I2 > 50.00%, P < 0.01), except for caspofungin (I2 = 0.00%, P = 0.65). CONCLUSIONS Our research revealed that a significant number of Candida species found in HIV-positive patients with OC were resistant to azoles and 5-fluocytosine. However, most of the isolates were susceptible to nystatin, amphotericin B, and caspofungin. This suggests that initial treatments for OC, such as azoles, may not be effective. In such cases, healthcare providers may need to consider prescribing alternative treatments like polyenes and caspofungin. REGISTRATION The study protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews as PROSPERO (Number: CRD42024497963).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Keyvanfar
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Najafiarab
- Preventative Gynecology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niki Talebian
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Falah Tafti
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gelareh Adeli
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghasemi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Tehrani
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Izadi A, Paknia F, Roostaee M, Mousavi SAA, Barani M. Advancements in nanoparticle-based therapies for multidrug-resistant candidiasis infections: a comprehensive review. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:332001. [PMID: 38749415 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad4bed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Candida auris, a rapidly emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen, poses a global health threat, with cases reported in over 47 countries. Conventional detection methods struggle, and the increasing resistance ofC. auristo antifungal agents has limited treatment options. Nanoparticle-based therapies, utilizing materials like silver, carbon, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, polymer, and gold, show promise in effectively treating cutaneous candidiasis. This review explores recent advancements in nanoparticle-based therapies, emphasizing their potential to revolutionize antifungal therapy, particularly in combatingC. aurisinfections. The discussion delves into mechanisms of action, combinations of nanomaterials, and their application against multidrug-resistant fungal pathogens, offering exciting prospects for improved clinical outcomes and reduced mortality rates. The aim is to inspire further research, ushering in a new era in the fight against multidrug-resistant fungal infections, paving the way for more effective and targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Izadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Paknia
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-154, Iran
| | - Maryam Roostaee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Seyed Amin Ayatollahi Mousavi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahmood Barani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75168, Iran
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Li W, Feng Y, Feng Z, Wang L, Whiteway M, Lu H, Jiang Y. Pitavastatin Calcium Confers Fungicidal Properties to Fluconazole by Inhibiting Ubiquinone Biosynthesis and Generating Reactive Oxygen Species. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:667. [PMID: 38929106 PMCID: PMC11200976 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluconazole (FLC) is extensively employed for the prophylaxis and treatment of invasive fungal infections (IFIs). However, the fungistatic nature of FLC renders pathogenic fungi capable of developing tolerance towards it. Consequently, converting FLC into a fungicidal agent using adjuvants assumes significance to circumvent FLC resistance and the perpetuation of fungal infections. This drug repurposing study has successfully identified pitavastatin calcium (PIT) as a promising adjuvant for enhancing the fungicidal activity of FLC from a comprehensive library of 2372 FDA-approved drugs. PIT could render FLC fungicidal even at concentrations as low as 1 μM. The median lethal dose (LD50) of PIT was determined to be 103.6 mg/kg. We have discovered that PIT achieves its synergistic effect by inhibiting the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, thereby impeding ubiquinone biosynthesis, inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, triggering apoptosis, and disrupting Golgi function. We employed a Candida albicans strain that demonstrated a notable tolerance to FLC to infect mice and found that PIT effectively augmented the antifungal efficacy of FLC against IFIs. This study is an illustrative example of how FDA-approved drugs can effectively eliminate fungal tolerance to FLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yanru Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zhe Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Malcolm Whiteway
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Hui Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yuanying Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
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Araújo GR, da Costa PCQG, Nogueira PL, Alves DDN, Ferreira AR, da Silva PR, de Andrade JC, de Sousa NF, Loureiro PBA, Sobral MV, Sousa DP, Scotti MT, de Castro RD, Scotti L. In Silico and In Vitro Evaluation of the Antifungal Activity of a New Chromone Derivative against Candida spp. BIOTECH 2024; 13:16. [PMID: 38921048 PMCID: PMC11201913 DOI: 10.3390/biotech13020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida species are frequently implicated in the development of both superficial and invasive fungal infections, which can impact vital organs. In the quest for novel strategies to combat fungal infections, there has been growing interest in exploring synthetic and semi-synthetic products, particularly chromone derivatives, renowned for their antimicrobial properties. In the analysis of the antifungal activity of the compound (E)-benzylidene-chroman-4-one against Candida, in silico and laboratory tests were performed to predict possible mechanisms of action pathways, and in vitro tests were performed to determine antifungal activity (MIC and MFC), to verify potential modes of action on the fungal cell membrane and wall, and to assess cytotoxicity in human keratinocytes. The tested compound exhibited predicted affinity for all fungal targets, with the highest predicted affinity observed for thymidylate synthase (-102.589 kJ/mol). MIC and CFM values ranged from 264.52 μM (62.5 μg/mL) to 4232.44 μM (1000 μg/mL). The antifungal effect likely occurs due to the action of the compound on the plasma membrane. Therefore, (E)-benzylidene-chroman-4-one showed fungicidal-like activity against Candida spp., possibly targeting the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleycyelly Rodrigues Araújo
- Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil;
| | - Palloma Christine Queiroga Gomes da Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Department of Clinic and Social Dentistry, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (P.C.Q.G.d.C.); (P.L.N.); (D.d.N.A.); (P.R.d.S.)
| | - Paula Lima Nogueira
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Department of Clinic and Social Dentistry, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (P.C.Q.G.d.C.); (P.L.N.); (D.d.N.A.); (P.R.d.S.)
| | - Danielle da Nóbrega Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Department of Clinic and Social Dentistry, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (P.C.Q.G.d.C.); (P.L.N.); (D.d.N.A.); (P.R.d.S.)
| | - Alana Rodrigues Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (A.R.F.); (J.C.d.A.); (N.F.d.S.); (P.B.A.L.); (M.V.S.); (D.P.S.); (M.T.S.); (R.D.d.C.)
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
| | - Pablo R. da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Department of Clinic and Social Dentistry, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (P.C.Q.G.d.C.); (P.L.N.); (D.d.N.A.); (P.R.d.S.)
| | - Jéssica Cabral de Andrade
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (A.R.F.); (J.C.d.A.); (N.F.d.S.); (P.B.A.L.); (M.V.S.); (D.P.S.); (M.T.S.); (R.D.d.C.)
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
| | - Natália F. de Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (A.R.F.); (J.C.d.A.); (N.F.d.S.); (P.B.A.L.); (M.V.S.); (D.P.S.); (M.T.S.); (R.D.d.C.)
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
| | - Paulo Bruno Araujo Loureiro
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (A.R.F.); (J.C.d.A.); (N.F.d.S.); (P.B.A.L.); (M.V.S.); (D.P.S.); (M.T.S.); (R.D.d.C.)
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
| | - Marianna Vieira Sobral
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (A.R.F.); (J.C.d.A.); (N.F.d.S.); (P.B.A.L.); (M.V.S.); (D.P.S.); (M.T.S.); (R.D.d.C.)
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
| | - Damião P. Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (A.R.F.); (J.C.d.A.); (N.F.d.S.); (P.B.A.L.); (M.V.S.); (D.P.S.); (M.T.S.); (R.D.d.C.)
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (A.R.F.); (J.C.d.A.); (N.F.d.S.); (P.B.A.L.); (M.V.S.); (D.P.S.); (M.T.S.); (R.D.d.C.)
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Dias de Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Department of Clinic and Social Dentistry, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (P.C.Q.G.d.C.); (P.L.N.); (D.d.N.A.); (P.R.d.S.)
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (A.R.F.); (J.C.d.A.); (N.F.d.S.); (P.B.A.L.); (M.V.S.); (D.P.S.); (M.T.S.); (R.D.d.C.)
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (A.R.F.); (J.C.d.A.); (N.F.d.S.); (P.B.A.L.); (M.V.S.); (D.P.S.); (M.T.S.); (R.D.d.C.)
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
- Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
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38
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Khamrai A, Paul S, Rudramurthy SM, Ghosh AK. Carbon substrates promotes stress resistance and drug tolerance in clinical isolates of Candida tropicalis. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:270. [PMID: 38767668 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04000-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Candida tropicalis is a human pathogen and one of the most prevalent non-Candida albicans Candida (NCAC) species causing invasive infections. Azole antifungal resistance in C. tropicalis is also gradually increasing with the increasing incidence of infections. The pathogenic success of C. tropicalis depends on its effective response in the host microenvironment. To become a successful pathogen, cellular metabolism, and physiological status determine the ability of the pathogen to counter diverse stresses inside the host. However, to date, limited knowledge is available on the impact of carbon substrate metabolism on stress adaptation and azole resistance in C. tropicalis. In this study, we determined the impact of glucose, fructose, and sucrose as the sole carbon source on the fluconazole resistance and osmotic (NaCl), oxidative (H2O2) stress adaptation in C. tropicalis clinical isolates. We confirmed that the abundance of carbon substrates influences or increases drug resistance and osmotic and oxidative stress tolerance in C. tropicalis. Additionally, both azole-resistant and susceptible isolates showed similar stress adaptation phenotypes, confirming the equal efficiency of becoming successful pathogens irrespective of drug susceptibility profile. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first on C. tropicalis to demonstrate the direct relation between carbon substrate metabolism and stress tolerance or drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Khamrai
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Saikat Paul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shivaprakash M Rudramurthy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Anup K Ghosh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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39
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Kofoed VC, Campion C, Rasmussen PU, Møller SA, Eskildsen M, Nielsen JL, Madsen AM. Exposure to resistant fungi across working environments and time. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171189. [PMID: 38447726 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Antifungal resistance has emerged as a significant health concern with increasing reports of resistant variants in previously susceptible species. At present, little is known about occupational exposure to antifungal-resistant fungi. This study aimed to investigate Danish workers' occupational exposure to airborne fungi resistant to first-line treatment drugs. A retrospective study was performed on a unique collection of personal exposure samples gathered over a twenty-year period from Danish working environments, in sectors including agriculture, animal handling, waste management, and healthcare. A total of 669 samples were cultivated at 37 °C and fungal colonies were identified using MALDI-TOF MS. Subsequently, identification was confirmed by amplicon sequencing the genes of calmodulin and beta-tubulin to unveil potential cryptic species. Infectious fungi (495 isolates from 23 species) were tested for resistance against Itraconazole, Voriconazole, Posaconazole, and Amphotericin B. Working environments were highly variable in the overall fungal exposure, and showed vastly different species compositions. Resistance was found in 30 isolates of the species Aspergillus fumigatus (4 of 251 isolates), A. nidulans (2 of 13), A. niger complex (19 of 131), A. versicolor (3 of 18), and A. lentulus (2 of 2). Sequence analysis revealed several cryptic species within the A. niger complex including A. tubingensis, A. luchuensis, and A. phoenicis. Among the resistant A. fumigatus isolates, two contained the well-described TR34/L98H mutation in the cyp51A gene and promoter region, while the remainder harbored silent mutations. The results indicate that the working environment significantly contributes to exposure to resistant fungi, with particularly biofuel plant workers experiencing high exposure. Differences in the prevalence of resistance across working environments may be linked to the underlying species composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Carp Kofoed
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Christopher Campion
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Pil Uthaug Rasmussen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Signe Agnete Møller
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark
| | - Mathias Eskildsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Lund Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark
| | - Anne Mette Madsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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40
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Moraes GS, Tozetto NM, Pedroso TAA, de Mattos MA, Urban AM, Paludo KS, Dos Santos FA, Neppelenbroek KH, Urban VM. Anti-Candida activity and in vitro toxicity screening of antifungals complexed with β-cyclodextrin. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:747-755. [PMID: 38198744 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of resistant fungal species and the toxicity of currently available antifungal drugs are relevant issues that require special consideration. Cyclodextrins inclusion complexes could optimize the antimicrobial activity of such drugs and create a controlled release system with few side effects. This study aimed to assess the in vitro toxicity and antifungal effectiveness of nystatin (Nys) and chlorhexidine (Chx) complexed or not with β-cyclodextrin (βCD). First, a drug toxicity screening was performed through the Artemia salina bioassay. Then, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against Candida albicans were determined with the broth microdilution test. After MICs determination, the cytotoxicity of the drugs was evaluated through the methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium (MTT) and neutral red (NR) assays and through cell morphology analysis. The PROBIT analysis was used to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50), and the cell viability values were submitted to one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)/Tukey (α = 0.05). Overall, the βCD-complexed antifungals were less toxic against A. salina than their raw forms, suggesting that inclusion complexes can reduce the toxicity of drugs. The MICs obtained were as follows: Nys 0.5 mg/L; Nys:βCD 4 mg/L; Chx 4 mg/L; and Chx:βCD 8 mg/L. Chx showed significant cytotoxicity (MTT: 12.9 ± 9.6%; NR: 10.6 ± 12.5%) and promoted important morphological changes. Cells exposed to the other drugs showed viability above 70% with no cellular damage. These results suggest that antifungals complexed with βCD might be a biocompatible option for the treatment of Candida-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Katia Sabrina Paludo
- Department of Structural, Molecular, and Genetic Biology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | | | - Karin Hermana Neppelenbroek
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
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41
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Hameed T, Motsi N, Bignell E, Tanaka RJ. Inferring fungal growth rates from optical density data. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1012105. [PMID: 38753887 PMCID: PMC11098479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Quantifying fungal growth underpins our ability to effectively treat severe fungal infections. Current methods quantify fungal growth rates from time-course morphology-specific data, such as hyphal length data. However, automated large-scale collection of such data lies beyond the scope of most clinical microbiology laboratories. In this paper, we propose a mathematical model of fungal growth to estimate morphology-specific growth rates from easy-to-collect, but indirect, optical density (OD600) data of Aspergillus fumigatus growth (filamentous fungus). Our method accounts for OD600 being an indirect measure by explicitly including the relationship between the indirect OD600 measurements and the calibrating true fungal growth in the model. Therefore, the method does not require de novo generation of calibration data. Our model outperformed reference models at fitting to and predicting OD600 growth curves and overcame observed discrepancies between morphology-specific rates inferred from OD600 versus directly measured data in reference models that did not include calibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Hameed
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Motsi
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Bignell
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Reiko J. Tanaka
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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42
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Grayton QE, Conlon IL, Broberg CA, Schoenfisch MH. Impact of Nitric Oxide-Release Kinetics on Antifungal Activity. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:308. [PMID: 38786663 PMCID: PMC11121837 DOI: 10.3390/jof10050308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic fungi are an increasing health threat due to the rise in drug resistance. The limited number of antifungals currently available and growing incidence of multi-drug-resistant fungi has caused rising healthcare costs and a decreased quality of life for patients with fungal infections. Nitric oxide (NO) has previously been shown to act as an antimicrobial agent, albeit with a limited understanding of the effects of the NO-release kinetics against pathogenic fungi. Herein, the antifungal effects of four nitric oxide-releasing small molecules were studied against the pathogenic fungi Candida albicans, Candida auris, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus, to demonstrate the broad-spectrum antifungal activity of NO. A bolus dose of NO was found to eradicate fungi after 24 h, where nitric oxide donors with shorter half-lives achieved antifungal activity at lower concentrations and thus had wider selectivity indexes. Each NO donor was found to cause a severe surface destruction of fungi, and all NO donors exhibited compatibility with currently prescribed antifungals against several different fungi species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quincy E. Grayton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Q.E.G.); (C.A.B.)
| | - Ivie L. Conlon
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Q.E.G.); (C.A.B.)
| | - Christopher A. Broberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Q.E.G.); (C.A.B.)
| | - Mark H. Schoenfisch
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Q.E.G.); (C.A.B.)
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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43
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Ross RL, Santiago-Tirado FH. Advanced genetic techniques in fungal pathogen research. mSphere 2024; 9:e0064323. [PMID: 38470131 PMCID: PMC11036804 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00643-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Although fungi have been important model organisms for solving genetic, molecular, and ecological problems, recently, they are also becoming an important source of infectious disease. Despite their high medical burden, fungal pathogens are understudied, and relative to other pathogenic microbes, less is known about how their gene functions contribute to disease. This is due, in part, to a lack of powerful genetic tools to study these organisms. In turn, this has resulted in inappropriate treatments and diagnostics and poor disease management. There are a variety of reasons genetic studies were challenging in pathogenic fungi, but in recent years, most of them have been overcome or advances have been made to circumvent these barriers. In this minireview, we highlight how recent advances in genetic studies in fungal pathogens have resulted in the discovery of important biology and potential new antifungals and have created the tools to comprehensively study these important pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbi L. Ross
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Felipe H. Santiago-Tirado
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
- Warren Center for Drug Discovery, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
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44
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Puumala E, Sychantha D, Lach E, Reeves S, Nabeela S, Fogal M, Nigam A, Johnson JW, Aspuru-Guzik A, Shapiro RS, Uppuluri P, Kalyaanamoorthy S, Magolan J, Whitesell L, Robbins N, Wright GD, Cowen LE. Allosteric inhibition of tRNA synthetase Gln4 by N-pyrimidinyl-β-thiophenylacrylamides exerts highly selective antifungal activity. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:760-775.e17. [PMID: 38402621 PMCID: PMC11031294 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Candida species are among the most prevalent causes of systemic fungal infections, which account for ∼1.5 million annual fatalities. Here, we build on a compound screen that identified the molecule N-pyrimidinyl-β-thiophenylacrylamide (NP-BTA), which strongly inhibits Candida albicans growth. NP-BTA was hypothesized to target C. albicans glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase, Gln4. Here, we confirmed through in vitro amino-acylation assays NP-BTA is a potent inhibitor of Gln4, and we defined how NP-BTA arrests Gln4's transferase activity using co-crystallography. This analysis also uncovered Met496 as a critical residue for the compound's species-selective target engagement and potency. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies demonstrated the NP-BTA scaffold is subject to oxidative and non-oxidative metabolism, making it unsuitable for systemic administration. In a mouse dermatomycosis model, however, topical application of the compound provided significant therapeutic benefit. This work expands the repertoire of antifungal protein synthesis target mechanisms and provides a path to develop Gln4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Puumala
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - David Sychantha
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, David Braley Centre for Antibiotic Discovery, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Lach
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, David Braley Centre for Antibiotic Discovery, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Shawn Reeves
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Sunna Nabeela
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Meea Fogal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - AkshatKumar Nigam
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jarrod W Johnson
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, David Braley Centre for Antibiotic Discovery, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Alán Aspuru-Guzik
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada; Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2E4, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4, Canada; Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; Lebovic Fellow, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; Acceleration Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Rebecca S Shapiro
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Priya Uppuluri
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | | | - Jakob Magolan
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, David Braley Centre for Antibiotic Discovery, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Luke Whitesell
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Nicole Robbins
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Gerard D Wright
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, David Braley Centre for Antibiotic Discovery, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Leah E Cowen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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45
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Rabaan AA, Alfouzan WA, Garout M, Halwani MA, Alotaibi N, Alfaresi M, Al Kaabi NA, Almansour ZH, Bueid AS, Yousuf AA, Eid HMA, Alissa M. Antifungal drug discovery for targeting Candida albicans morphogenesis through structural dynamics study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38634700 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2332507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
In response to the escalating threat of drug-resistant fungi to human health, there is an urgent need for innovative strategies. Our focus is on addressing this challenge by exploring a previously untapped target, yeast casein kinase (Yck2), as a potential space for antifungal development. To identify promising antifungal candidates, we conducted a thorough screening of the diverse-lib drug-like molecule library, comprising 99,288 molecules. Five notable drug-like compounds with diverse-lib IDs 24334243, 24342416, 17516746, 17407455, and 24360740 were selected based on their binding energy scores surpassing 11 Kcal/mol. Our investigation delved into the interaction studies and dynamic stability of these compounds. Remarkably, all selected molecules demonstrated acceptable RMSD values during the 200 ns simulation, indicating their stable nature. Further analysis through Principal Component Analysis (PCA)-based Free Energy Landscape (FEL) revealed minimal energy transitions for most compounds, signifying dynamic stability. Notably, the two compounds exhibited slightly different behaviour in terms of energy transitions. These findings mark a significant breakthrough in the realm of antifungal drugs against C. albicans by targeting the Yck2 protein. However, it is crucial to note that additional experimental validation is imperative to assess the efficacy of these molecules as potential antifungal candidates. This study serves as a promising starting point for further exploration and development in the quest for effective antifungal solutions.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Wadha A Alfouzan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Farwania Hospital, Farwania, Kuwait
| | - Mohammed Garout
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad A Halwani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Alotaibi
- Clinical pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak Alfaresi
- Department of Microbiology, National Reference laboratory, Cleveland clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nawal A Al Kaabi
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company (SEHA), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zainab H Almansour
- Biological Science Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S Bueid
- Microbiology Laboratory, King Faisal General Hospital, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad A Yousuf
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamza M A Eid
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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46
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Akinosoglou K, Rigopoulos EA, Papageorgiou D, Schinas G, Polyzou E, Dimopoulou E, Gogos C, Dimopoulos G. Amphotericin B in the Era of New Antifungals: Where Will It Stand? J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:278. [PMID: 38667949 PMCID: PMC11051097 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmB) has long stood as a cornerstone in the treatment of invasive fungal infections (IFIs), especially among immunocompromised patients. However, the landscape of antifungal therapy is evolving. New antifungal agents, boasting novel mechanisms of action and better safety profiles, are entering the scene, presenting alternatives to AmB's traditional dominance. This shift, prompted by an increase in the incidence of IFIs, the growing demographic of immunocompromised individuals, and changing patterns of fungal resistance, underscores the continuous need for effective treatments. Despite these challenges, AmB's broad efficacy and low resistance rates maintain its essential status in antifungal therapy. Innovations in AmB formulations, such as lipid complexes and liposomal delivery systems, have significantly mitigated its notorious nephrotoxicity and infusion-related reactions, thereby enhancing its clinical utility. Moreover, AmB's efficacy in treating severe and rare fungal infections and its pivotal role as prophylaxis in high-risk settings highlight its value and ongoing relevance. This review examines AmB's standing amidst the ever-changing antifungal landscape, focusing on its enduring significance in current clinical practice and exploring its potential future therapeutic adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Akinosoglou
- School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (E.A.R.); (D.P.); (G.S.); (E.P.); (C.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
| | | | - Despoina Papageorgiou
- School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (E.A.R.); (D.P.); (G.S.); (E.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Georgios Schinas
- School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (E.A.R.); (D.P.); (G.S.); (E.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Eleni Polyzou
- School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (E.A.R.); (D.P.); (G.S.); (E.P.); (C.G.)
| | | | - Charalambos Gogos
- School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (E.A.R.); (D.P.); (G.S.); (E.P.); (C.G.)
| | - George Dimopoulos
- 3rd Department of Critical Care, Evgenidio Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
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Zhang S, Zhang L, Yusufu A, Hasimu H, Wang X, Abliz P. Clinical Distribution and Drug Susceptibility Characterization of Invasive Candida Isolates in a Tertiary Hospital of Xinjiang Province. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:1345-1356. [PMID: 38596533 PMCID: PMC11001554 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s450933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to investigate the clinical distribution characteristics and drug susceptibility profiles of invasive Candida isolates in a tertiary hospital in Urumqi. Methods The examination was conducted on samples obtained from patients who were clinically diagnosed with invasive candidiasis in this hospital. A total of 109 strains of Candida strains were identified through the use of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing and fungal cultivation methods.The clinical distribution of the strains was analyzed. Antifungal drug susceptibility tests were performed using the Sensititre YO10 fungal drug susceptibility plate based on the micro-broth dilution method. Results Candida albicans had the highest percentage (51.38%) among 109 Candida isolates, followed by C. glabrata (18.35%) and C. tropicalis (15.60%). The isolates were predominantly found in the respiratory department (41.28%), intensive care unit (ICU) (31.19%), and infection department (9.17%).The results of drug susceptibility tests indicated that amphotericin B, 5-fluorocytosine, and echinocandins exhibited good in vitro antifungal activity, with a susceptibility rate of over 96%. However, the azoles demonstrated low antifungal activity, especially posaconazole and voriconazole, which had high resistance rates of 64.71% for C. tropicalis and 70% for C. glabrata, respectively. Conclusion In our hospital, Candida albicans was identified as the primary causal agent of invasive candidiasis. In terms of in vitro antifungal activity, echinocandins, amphotericin B, and 5-fluorocytosine demonstrated efficacy against invasive Candida infections. However, it was important to note that C. glabrata and C. tropicalis exhibited low susceptibility to azoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songdi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aikedai Yusufu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hadiliya Hasimu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Paride Abliz
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
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Wang B, Ma B, Zhang Y, Stirling E, Yan Q, He Z, Liu Z, Yuan X, Zhang H. Global diversity, coexistence and consequences of resistome in inland waters. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 253:121253. [PMID: 38350193 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Human activities have long impacted the health of Earth's rivers and lakes. These inland waters, crucial for our survival and productivity, have suffered from contamination which allows the formation and spread of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) and consequently, ARG-carrying pathogens (APs). Yet, our global understanding of waterborne pathogen antibiotic resistance remains in its infancy. To shed light on this, our study examined 1240 metagenomic samples from both open and closed inland waters. We identified 22 types of ARGs, 19 types of mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and 14 types of virulence factors (VFs). Our findings showed that open waters have a higher average abundance and richness of ARGs, MGEs, and VFs, with more robust co-occurrence network compared to closed waters. Out of the samples studied, 321 APs were detected, representing a 43 % detection rate. Of these, the resistance gene 'bacA' was the most predominant. Notably, AP hotspots were identified in regions including East Asia, India, Western Europe, the eastern United States, and Brazil. Our research underscores how human activities profoundly influence the diversity and spread of resistome. It also emphasizes that both abiotic and biotic factors play pivotal roles in the emergence of ARG-carrying pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhao Wang
- School of Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Bin Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yinan Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, PR China
| | - Erinne Stirling
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide 5064, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Qingyun Yan
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, PR China
| | - Zhili He
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, PR China
| | - Zhiquan Liu
- School of Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Xia Yuan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, PR China
| | - Hangjun Zhang
- School of Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China; Hangzhou International Urbanology Research Center and Center for Zhejiang Urban Governance Studies, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China.
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Askari F, Kaur R. Protocol for determination of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate levels and localization in Candida glabrata by confocal microscopy. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102759. [PMID: 38088931 PMCID: PMC10757287 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P) levels govern membrane trafficking in Candida glabrata. Here, we present a confocal imaging-based protocol for PI3P localization analysis using the GFP-FYVE (found in Fab1, YOTB, Vac1, and EEA1) fusion protein. We describe steps for cloning the FYVE domain into the GFP-containing vector backbone, transforming FYVE-GFP into C. glabrata, and preparing slides with FYVE-GFP-expressing C. glabrata cells. We then detail procedures for acquiring and analyzing images and quantifying signal data. This protocol is adaptable to subcellular localization analysis of other low-abundant lipid and protein molecules. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Askari et al. (2023).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fizza Askari
- Laboratory of Fungal Pathogenesis, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad 500039, Telangana, India
| | - Rupinder Kaur
- Laboratory of Fungal Pathogenesis, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad 500039, Telangana, India.
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Sen P, Vijay M, Kamboj H, Gupta L, Shankar J, Vijayaraghavan P. cyp51A mutations, protein modeling, and efflux pump gene expression reveals multifactorial complexity towards understanding Aspergillus section Nigri azole resistance mechanism. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6156. [PMID: 38486086 PMCID: PMC10940716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55237-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Black Aspergillus species are the most common etiological agents of otomycosis, and pulmonary aspergillosis. However, limited data is available on their antifungal susceptibility profiles and associated resistance mechanisms. Here, we determined the azole susceptibility profiles of black Aspergillus species isolated from the Indian environment and explored the potential resistance mechanisms through cyp51A gene sequencing, protein homology modeling, and expression analysis of selected genes cyp51A, cyp51B, mdr1, and mfs based on their role in imparting resistance against antifungal drugs. In this study, we have isolated a total of 161 black aspergilli isolates from 174 agricultural soil samples. Isolates had variable resistance towards medical azoles; approximately 11.80%, 3.10%, and 1.24% of isolates were resistant to itraconazole (ITC), posaconazole (POS), and voriconazole (VRC), respectively. Further, cyp51A sequence analysis showed that non-synonymous mutations were present in 20 azole-resistant Aspergillus section Nigri and 10 susceptible isolates. However, Cyp51A homology modeling indicated insignificant protein structural variations because of these mutations. Most of the isolates showed the overexpression of mdr1, and mfs genes. Hence, the study concluded that azole-resistance in section Nigri cannot be attributed exclusively to the cyp51A gene mutation or its overexpression. However, overexpression of mdr1 and mfs genes may have a potential role in drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sen
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mukund Vijay
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Himanshu Kamboj
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lovely Gupta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jata Shankar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, India
| | - Pooja Vijayaraghavan
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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