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Santos AS, Costa VAF, Freitas VAQ, Dos Anjos LRB, de Almeida Santos ES, Arantes TD, Costa CR, de Sene Amâncio Zara AL, do Rosário Rodrigues Silva M, Neves BJ. Drug to genome to drug: a computational large-scale chemogenomics screening for novel drug candidates against sporotrichosis. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:2655-2667. [PMID: 38888692 PMCID: PMC11405749 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01406-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is recognized as the predominant subcutaneous mycosis in South America, attributed to pathogenic species within the Sporothrix genus. Notably, in Brazil, Sporothrix brasiliensis emerges as the principal species, exhibiting significant sapronotic, zoonotic and enzootic epidemic potential. Consequently, the discovery of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of sporotrichosis is imperative. The present study is dedicated to the repositioning of pharmaceuticals for sporotrichosis therapy. To achieve this goal, we designed a pipeline with the following steps: (a) compilation and preparation of Sporothrix genome data; (b) identification of orthologous proteins among the species; (c) identification of homologous proteins in publicly available drug-target databases; (d) selection of Sporothrix essential targets using validated genes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae; (e) molecular modeling studies; and (f) experimental validation of selected candidates. Based on this approach, we were able to prioritize eight drugs for in vitro experimental validation. Among the evaluated compounds, everolimus and bifonazole demonstrated minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 0.5 µg/mL and 4.0 µg/mL, respectively. Subsequently, molecular docking studies suggest that bifonazole and everolimus may target specific proteins within S. brasiliensis- namely, sterol 14-α-demethylase and serine/threonine-protein kinase TOR, respectively. These findings shed light on the potential binding affinities and binding modes of bifonazole and everolimus with their probable targets, providing a preliminary understanding of the antifungal mechanism of action of these compounds. In conclusion, our research advances the understanding of the therapeutic potential of bifonazole and everolimus, supporting their further investigation as antifungal agents for sporotrichosis in prospective hit-to-lead and preclinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Santana Santos
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cheminformatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | | | - Laura Raniere Borges Dos Anjos
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cheminformatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Thales Domingos Arantes
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Carolina Rodrigues Costa
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura de Sene Amâncio Zara
- Postgraduate Program in Health Technology Assistance and Assessment (PPG-AAS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Junior Neves
- Laboratory of Cheminformatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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2
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Tiwari R, Gupta RP, Singh VK, Kumar A, Rajneesh, Madhukar P, Sundar S, Gautam V, Kumar R. Nanotechnology-Based Strategies in Parasitic Disease Management: From Prevention to Diagnosis and Treatment. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:42014-42027. [PMID: 38024747 PMCID: PMC10655914 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic infections are a major global health issue causing significant mortality and morbidity. Despite substantial advances in the diagnostics and treatment of these diseases, the currently available options fall far short of expectations. From diagnosis and treatment to prevention and control, nanotechnology-based techniques show promise as an alternative approach. Nanoparticles can be designed with specific properties to target parasites and deliver antiparasitic medications and vaccines. Nanoparticles such as liposomes, nanosuspensions, polymer-based nanoparticles, and solid lipid nanoparticles have been shown to overcome limitations such as limited bioavailability, poor cellular permeability, nonspecific distribution, and rapid drug elimination from the body. These nanoparticles also serve as nanobiosensors for the early detection and treatment of these diseases. This review aims to summarize the potential applications of nanoparticles in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of parasitic diseases such as leishmaniasis, malaria, and trypanosomiasis. It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of these applications and their market values and highlights the need for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Tiwari
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Rohit P. Gupta
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
- Applied
Microbiology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Vishal K. Singh
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Awnish Kumar
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Rajneesh
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Prasoon Madhukar
- Department
of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Shyam Sundar
- Department
of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
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3
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Mijoba A, Fernandez-Moreira E, Parra-Giménez N, Espinosa-Tapia S, Blanco Z, Ramírez H, Charris JE. Synthesis of Benzocycloalkanone-Based Michael Acceptors and Biological Activities as Antimalarial and Antitrypanosomal Agents. Molecules 2023; 28:5569. [PMID: 37513441 PMCID: PMC10385825 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of benzocycloalkanone derivatives have been prepared and evaluated as antimalarial and antitrypanosomal agents. The compounds were obtained by direct coupling of preformed 4-substituted benzaldehyde and indanone or tetralone substitutes through aldol condensation of Claisen-Schmidt using sodium hydroxide as a catalyst in ethanol at room temperature. Although designed to inhibit the formation of β-hematin in vitro, only three compounds, 10, 11, and 12, showed activities greater than 50% (75.16%, 63.02%, and 56.17%, respectively). The results of the in vivo antimalarial evaluation show that 10, 11, and 12 reduced parasitemia marginally, and an insignificant increase in the days of survival of the mice was observed. As trypanocidals, all compounds showed marginal activity as inhibitors of the proliferation of T. cruzi epimastigotes, except compound 33, with an activity of 51.08 ± 3.4% compared to the activity shown by the reference compound benznidazole 59.99 ± 2.9%. The compounds appear to have little cytotoxic effect against VERO cells in vitro; this new class of Michael acceptor agents clearly warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mijoba
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, Los Chaguaramos 1041-A, Caracas 47206, Venezuela
- Laboratory of Parasites Physiology, Biophysics and Biochemistry Center, Instituto Venezolano de Invest Gaciones Científicas, Altos de Pipe 1020-A, Caracas 21827, Venezuela
| | | | - Nereida Parra-Giménez
- Laboratory of Parasites Physiology, Biophysics and Biochemistry Center, Instituto Venezolano de Invest Gaciones Científicas, Altos de Pipe 1020-A, Caracas 21827, Venezuela
| | - Sandra Espinosa-Tapia
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador
| | - Zuleyma Blanco
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, Los Chaguaramos 1041-A, Caracas 47206, Venezuela
| | - Hegira Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y Desarrollo Humano, Univesidad Ecotec, Km. 13.5 Samborondón, Samborondón 092302, Ecuador
| | - Jaime E Charris
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, Los Chaguaramos 1041-A, Caracas 47206, Venezuela
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Laohapaisan P, Reamtong O, Tummatorn J, Thongsornkleeb C, Thaenkham U, Adisakwattana P, Ruchirawat S. Discovery of N-methylbenzo[d]oxazol-2-amine as new anthelmintic agent through scalable protocol for the synthesis of N-alkylbenzo[d]oxazol-2-amine and N-alkylbenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2023; 131:106287. [PMID: 36455482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We discovered a lead compound, N-methylbenzo[d]oxazol-2-amine (2a), which had comparable potency to albendazole, an orally administered anthelminticdrug, against Gnathostoma spinigerum, Caenorhabditis elegans and Trichinella spiralis. Compound 2a showed about 10 times lower cytotoxicity towards normal human cell line (HEK293) than albendazole. Moreover, we have developed new processes for the synthesis of N-alkylbenzo[d]oxazol-2-amine and N-alkylbenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine derivatives via metal-free conditions. This protocol could serve as a robust and scalable method, especially, to synthesize N-methylbenzo[d]oxazol-2-amine and N-methylbenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine derivatives which were difficult to prepare using other metal-free conditions. The method employed benzoxazole-2-thiol or benzothiazole-2-thiol as the substrate. The reaction was triggered by methylation of the thiol functional group to form the methyl sulfide intermediate, a crucial tactic, which facilitated in a smooth nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction with gaseous methylamine generated in situ from N-methylformamide. In addition, the proteomic analysis of compound 2a was also studied in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavitra Laohapaisan
- Program on Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, CHE, Ministry of Education, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jumreang Tummatorn
- Program on Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, CHE, Ministry of Education, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
| | - Charnsak Thongsornkleeb
- Program on Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, CHE, Ministry of Education, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Urusa Thaenkham
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Poom Adisakwattana
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Program on Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, CHE, Ministry of Education, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
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Gribble GW. Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds-A Comprehensive Review. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 121:1-546. [PMID: 37488466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26629-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The present volume is the third in a trilogy that documents naturally occurring organohalogen compounds, bringing the total number-from fewer than 25 in 1968-to approximately 8000 compounds to date. Nearly all of these natural products contain chlorine or bromine, with a few containing iodine and, fewer still, fluorine. Produced by ubiquitous marine (algae, sponges, corals, bryozoa, nudibranchs, fungi, bacteria) and terrestrial organisms (plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, higher animals) and universal abiotic processes (volcanos, forest fires, geothermal events), organohalogens pervade the global ecosystem. Newly identified extraterrestrial sources are also documented. In addition to chemical structures, biological activity, biohalogenation, biodegradation, natural function, and future outlook are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Gribble
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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6
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Lutz G, Jung JTK, Back DF, Nogueira CW, Zeni G. Stereoselective Reduction of Alkynes: Synthesis of 4-Organoselenyl Quinolines. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12710-12720. [PMID: 36083616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the reaction of 2-amino arylalkynyl ketones with organoselenolates to form (Z)-vinyl selenides, which lead to 4-organoselenyl quinolines via an intramolecular condensation. Using the optimized reaction conditions, the generality of this cyclization was studied with various arylalkynyl ketones and diorganyl diselenides. The study of the reaction mechanisms led to the isolation and identification of a vinyl selenide, which was the key intermediate for this cyclization. To expand the structural diversity and to demonstrate the applicability of the 4-organoselenyl quinolines prepared, we studied their application as substrates in the cleavage of the carbon-selenium bond using n-butyllithium followed by the capture of the lithium intermediate by electrophiles and Suzuki and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Lutz
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade, Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios CCNE, UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Juliano Ten Kathen Jung
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade, Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios CCNE, UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Davi Fernando Back
- Laboratório de Materiais Inorgânicos, Departamento de Química, UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Cristina Wayne Nogueira
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade, Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios CCNE, UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Gilson Zeni
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade, Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios CCNE, UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900, Brazil
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7
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Comparative Analyses of Medicinal Chemistry and Cheminformatics Filters with Accessible Implementation in Konstanz Information Miner (KNIME). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105727. [PMID: 35628532 PMCID: PMC9147459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput virtual screening (HTVS) is, in conjunction with rapid advances in computer hardware, becoming a staple in drug design research campaigns and cheminformatics. In this context, virtual compound library design becomes crucial as it generally constitutes the first step where quality filtered databases are essential for the efficient downstream research. Therefore, multiple filters for compound library design were devised and reported in the scientific literature. We collected the most common filters in medicinal chemistry (PAINS, REOS, Aggregators, van de Waterbeemd, Oprea, Fichert, Ghose, Mozzicconacci, Muegge, Egan, Murcko, Veber, Ro3, Ro4, and Ro5) to facilitate their open access use and compared them. Then, we implemented these filters in the open platform Konstanz Information Miner (KNIME) as a freely accessible and simple workflow compatible with small or large compound databases for the benefit of the readers and for the help in the early drug design steps.
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Kralj S, Jukič M, Bren U. Commercial SARS-CoV-2 Targeted, Protease Inhibitor Focused and Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitor Focused Molecular Libraries for Virtual Screening and Drug Design. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:393. [PMID: 35008818 PMCID: PMC8745317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since December 2019, the new SARS-CoV-2-related COVID-19 disease has caused a global pandemic and shut down the public life worldwide. Several proteins have emerged as potential therapeutic targets for drug development, and we sought out to review the commercially available and marketed SARS-CoV-2-targeted libraries ready for high-throughput virtual screening (HTVS). We evaluated the SARS-CoV-2-targeted, protease-inhibitor-focused and protein-protein-interaction-inhibitor-focused libraries to gain a better understanding of how these libraries were designed. The most common were ligand- and structure-based approaches, along with various filtering steps, using molecular descriptors. Often, these methods were combined to obtain the final library. We recognized the abundance of targeted libraries offered and complimented by the inclusion of analytical data; however, serious concerns had to be raised. Namely, vendors lack the information on the library design and the references to the primary literature. Few references to active compounds were also provided when using the ligand-based design and usually only protein classes or a general panel of targets were listed, along with a general reference to the methods, such as molecular docking for the structure-based design. No receptor data, docking protocols or even references to the applied molecular docking software (or other HTVS software), and no pharmacophore or filter design details were given. No detailed functional group or chemical space analyses were reported, and no specific orientation of the libraries toward the design of covalent or noncovalent inhibitors could be observed. All libraries contained pan-assay interference compounds (PAINS), rapid elimination of swill compounds (REOS) and aggregators, as well as focused on the drug-like model, with the majority of compounds possessing their molecular mass around 500 g/mol. These facts do not bode well for the use of the reviewed libraries in drug design and lend themselves to commercial drug companies to focus on and improve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastjan Kralj
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Thermodynamics, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (S.K.); (M.J.)
| | - Marko Jukič
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Thermodynamics, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (S.K.); (M.J.)
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Urban Bren
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Thermodynamics, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (S.K.); (M.J.)
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia
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9
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Ling L, Zhu L, Li Y, Liu C, Cheng L. Ultrasound-Induced Amino Acid-Based Hydrogels With Superior Mechanical Strength for Controllable Long-Term Release of Anti-Cercariae Drug. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:703582. [PMID: 34733826 PMCID: PMC8558479 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.703582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulus-responsive hydrogels are significantly programmable materials that show potential applications in the field of biomedicine and the environment. Ultrasound as a stimulus can induce the formation of hydrogels, which exhibit the superior performance of different structures. In this study, we reported an ultrasound-induced supramolecular hydrogel based on aspartic acid derivative N,N'-diaspartate-3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic acid imide, showing superior performance in drug release. The results show that the driving force of this ultrasonic induced hydrogel could be attributed to hydrogen bonding and π-π interaction. The rheological and cytotoxicity test illustrate excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the hydrogel. The anti-Schistosoma japonicum cercariae (CC) drug release results show large drug loadings (500 mg/ml) and long-term release (15 days) of this hydrogel. This study demonstrates that this hydrogel may serve as a slow-release platform for anti-CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Ling
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China.,Research Center for Environmental Engineering and Technology, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yibao Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Linxiu Cheng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China.,Research Center for Environmental Engineering and Technology, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
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10
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Szabó LU, Kaiser M, Mäser P, Schmidt TJ. Identification of Antiprotozoal Compounds from Buxus sempervirens L. by PLS-Prediction. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206181. [PMID: 34684761 PMCID: PMC8537364 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Various nor-triterpene alkaloids of Buxus (B.) sempervirens L. have shown remarkable in vitro activity against the causative agents of tropical malaria and East African sleeping sickness. To identify further antiprotozoal compounds of this plant, 20 different fractions of B. sempervirens L., exhibiting a wide range of in vitro bioactivity, were analyzed by UHPLC/+ESI-QqTOF-MS/MS. The analytical profiles were investigated by partial least squares regression (PLS) for correlations between the intensity of LC/MS signals, bioactivity and cytotoxicity. The resulting models highlighted several compounds as mainly responsible for the antiprotozoal activity and thus, worthwhile for subsequent isolation. These compounds were dereplicated based on their mass spectra in comparison with isolated compounds recently reported by us and with literature data. Moreover, an estimation of the cytotoxicity of the highlighted compounds was derived from an additional PLS model in order to identify plant constituents with strong selectivity. In conclusion, high levels of antitrypanosomal and antiplasmodial activity were predicted for eight and four compounds, respectively. These include three hitherto unknown constituents of B. sempervirens L., presumably new natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara U. Szabó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry (IPBP), PharmaCampus, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Socinstrasse 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland; (M.K.); (P.M.)
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Mäser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Socinstrasse 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland; (M.K.); (P.M.)
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas J. Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry (IPBP), PharmaCampus, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-251-83-33378
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11
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Zheng L, Deng L, Zhong Y, Wang Y, Guo W, Fan X. Molluscicides against the snail-intermediate host of Schistosoma: a review. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3355-3393. [PMID: 34486075 PMCID: PMC8418967 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease (NTD), is one of the most prevalent parasitoses in the World. Certain freshwater snail species are the intermediate host in the life cycle of schistosome species. Controlling snails employing molluscicides is an effective, quick, and convenient intervention strategy to prevent the spread of Schistosoma species in endemic regions. Advances have been made in developing both synthetic molluscicides and molluscicides derived from plants. However, at present, the development of molluscicides is not adapted to the actual demand for snails and schistosoma controlling. We undertake a systematic review of exploitation and application of synthetic molluscicides and molluscicides derived from plants to combat intermediate host snails. The detailed molluscicidal activity, structure–activity relationship, structural feature, and possible mechanism of some molluscicides are also highlighted, which may afford an important reference for the design of new, more effective molluscicides with low environmental impact and realize the aim of controlling schistosome at transmission stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvyin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Ling Deng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yumei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yatang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Xiaolin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
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Kazmaier U, Junk L. Recent Developments on the Synthesis and Bioactivity of Ilamycins/Rufomycins and Cyclomarins, Marine Cyclopeptides That Demonstrate Anti-Malaria and Anti-Tuberculosis Activity. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19080446. [PMID: 34436284 PMCID: PMC8401383 DOI: 10.3390/md19080446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ilamycins/rufomycins and cyclomarins are marine cycloheptapeptides containing unusual amino acids. Produced by Streptomyces sp., these compounds show potent activity against a range of mycobacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The cyclomarins are also very potent inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum. Biosynthetically the cyclopeptides are obtained via a heptamodular nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) that directly incorporates some of the nonproteinogenic amino acids. A wide range of derivatives can be obtained by fermentation, while bioengineering also allows the mutasynthesis of derivatives, especially cyclomarins. Other derivatives are accessible by semisynthesis or total syntheses, reported for both natural product classes. The anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) activity results from the binding of the peptides to the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the bacterial protease-associated unfoldase ClpC1, causing cell death by the uncontrolled proteolytic activity of this enzyme. Diadenosine triphosphate hydrolase (PfAp3Aase) was found to be the active target of the cyclomarins in Plasmodia. SAR studies with natural and synthetic derivatives on ilamycins/rufomycins and cyclomarins indicate which parts of the molecules can be simplified or otherwise modified without losing activity for either target. This review examines all aspects of the research conducted in the syntheses of these interesting cyclopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uli Kazmaier
- Organic Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Building C4.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany;
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)—Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-681-302-3409
| | - Lukas Junk
- Organic Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Building C4.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany;
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)—Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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13
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Pandian SRK, Panneerselvam T, Pavadai P, Govindaraj S, Ravishankar V, Palanisamy P, Sampath M, Sankaranarayanan M, Kunjiappan S. Nano Based Approach for the Treatment of Neglected Tropical Diseases. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.665274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) afflict more than one billion peoples in the world’s poorest countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recorded seventeen NTDs in its portfolio, mainly caused by bacterial, protozoal, parasitic, and viral infections. Each of the NTDs has its unique challenges on human health such as interventions for control, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Research for the development of new drug molecules against NTDs has not been undertaken by pharmaceutical industries due to high investment and low-returns, which results in limited chemotherapeutics in the market. In addition, conventional chemotherapies for the treatment of NTDs are unsatisfactory due to its low efficacy, increased drug resistance, short half-life, potential or harmful fatal toxic side effects, and drug incompetence to reach the site of parasite infection. In this context, active chemotherapies are considered to be re-formulated by overcoming these toxic side effects via a tissue-specific targeted drug delivery system. This review mainly emphasizes the recent developments of nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems for the effective treatment of NTDs especially sleeping sickness, leishmaniasis, chagas disease, soil-transmitted helminthiasis, african trypanosomiasis and dengue. Nanomaterials based drug delivery systems offer enhanced and effective alternative therapy through the re-formulation approach of conventional drugs into site-specific targeted delivery of drugs.
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14
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Kumar V, Sachdeva C, Waidha K, Sharma S, Ray D, Kumar Kaushik N, Saha B. In Vitro and In Silico Anti‐plasmodial Evaluation of Newly Synthesized β‐Carboline Derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Kumar
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies Amity University Sector 125 Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Cheryl Sachdeva
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology Institution Amity University Sector 125 Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Kamran Waidha
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Amity University Sector 125 Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Chemical Engineering Department National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan 30013
| | - Devalina Ray
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Amity University Sector 125 Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Naveen Kumar Kaushik
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology Institution Amity University Sector 125 Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Biswajit Saha
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Amity University Sector 125 Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh India
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15
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Thomas C, Gwenin CD. The Role of Nitroreductases in Resistance to Nitroimidazoles. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:388. [PMID: 34062712 PMCID: PMC8147198 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a major challenge facing modern medicine, with an estimated 700,000 people dying annually and a global cost in excess of $100 trillion. This has led to an increased need to develop new, effective treatments. This review focuses on nitroimidazoles, which have seen a resurgence in interest due to their broad spectrum of activity against anaerobic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The role of nitroreductases is to activate the antimicrobial by reducing the nitro group. A decrease in the activity of nitroreductases is associated with resistance. This review will discuss the resistance mechanisms of different disease organisms, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Helicobacter pylori and Staphylococcus aureus, and how these impact the effectiveness of specific nitroimidazoles. Perspectives in the field of nitroimidazole drug development are also summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Thomas
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK;
| | - Christopher D. Gwenin
- Department of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
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16
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Tukulula M, Louw S, Njoroge M, Chibale K. Synthesis and In Vitro Antiprotozoan Evaluation of 4-/8-Aminoquinoline-based Lactams and Tetrazoles. Molecules 2020; 25:E5941. [PMID: 33333924 PMCID: PMC7765388 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A second generation of 4-aminoquinoline- and 8-aminoquinoline-based tetrazoles and lactams were synthesized via the Staudinger and Ugi multicomponent reactions. These compounds were subsequently evaluated in vitro for their potential antiplasmodium activity against a multidrug-resistant K1 strain and for their antitrypanosomal activity against a cultured T. b. rhodesiense STIB900 strain. Several of these compounds (4a-g) displayed good antiplasmodium activities (IC50 = 0.20-0.62 µM) that were comparable to the reference drugs, while their antitrypanosomal activity was moderate (<20 µM). Compound 4e was 2-fold more active than primaquine and was also the most active (IC50 = 7.01 µM) against T. b. rhodesiense and also exhibited excellent aqueous solubility (>200 µM) at pH 7.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Louw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; (S.L.); (M.N.); (K.C.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Namibia, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
| | - Mathew Njoroge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; (S.L.); (M.N.); (K.C.)
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; (S.L.); (M.N.); (K.C.)
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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17
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Eagon S, Hammill JT, Sigal M, Ahn KJ, Tryhorn JE, Koch G, Belanger B, Chaplan CA, Loop L, Kashtanova AS, Yniguez K, Lazaro H, Wilkinson SP, Rice AL, Falade MO, Takahashi R, Kim K, Cheung A, DiBernardo C, Kimball JJ, Winzeler EA, Eribez K, Mittal N, Gamo FJ, Crespo B, Churchyard A, García-Barbazán I, Baum J, Anderson MO, Laleu B, Guy RK. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship of Dual-Stage Antimalarial Pyrazolo[3,4- b]pyridines. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11902-11919. [PMID: 32945666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Malaria remains one of the most deadly infectious diseases, causing hundreds of thousands of deaths each year, primarily in young children and pregnant mothers. Here, we report the discovery and derivatization of a series of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines targeting Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest species of the malaria parasite. Hit compounds in this series display sub-micromolar in vitro activity against the intraerythrocytic stage of the parasite as well as little to no toxicity against the human fibroblast BJ and liver HepG2 cell lines. In addition, our hit compounds show good activity against the liver stage of the parasite but little activity against the gametocyte stage. Parasitological profiles, including rate of killing, docking, and molecular dynamics studies, suggest that our compounds may target the Qo binding site of cytochrome bc1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Eagon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Jared T Hammill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40508, United States
| | - Martina Sigal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Kevin J Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Julia E Tryhorn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Grant Koch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Briana Belanger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Cory A Chaplan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Lauren Loop
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Anna S Kashtanova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Kenya Yniguez
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Horacio Lazaro
- Promega Biosciences, 277 Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, California 93401, United States
| | - Steven P Wilkinson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Amy L Rice
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40508, United States
| | - Mofolusho O Falade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40508, United States
| | - Rei Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Katie Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Ashley Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Celine DiBernardo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Joshua J Kimball
- Promega Biosciences, 277 Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, California 93401, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Winzeler
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Korina Eribez
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Nimisha Mittal
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | | | - Benigno Crespo
- GlaxoSmithKline, Global Health, DDW, Tres Cantos, Madrid 28760, Spain
| | - Alisje Churchyard
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Irene García-Barbazán
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Baum
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Marc O Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California 94132, United States
| | - Benoît Laleu
- Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV), P.O. Box 1826, 20, Route de Pré-Bois, Geneva 1215, Switzerland
| | - R Kiplin Guy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40508, United States
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18
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Mezeiova E, Soukup O, Korabecny J. Huprines — an insight into the synthesis and biological properties. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Reactions of quinoline-2(6,8)-carbaldehydes with arenes by the action of various Brønsted or Lewis acids: synthesis of diarylmethylquinolines. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-020-02759-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Kumar A, Sindhu J, Kumar P. In-silico identification of fingerprint of pyrazolyl sulfonamide responsible for inhibition of N-myristoyltransferase using Monte Carlo method with index of ideality of correlation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:5014-5025. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1784286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambeshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Jayant Sindhu
- Department of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Parvin Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
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21
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Zulu AI, Oderinlo OO, Kruger C, Isaacs M, Hoppe HC, Smith VJ, Veale CGL, Khanye SD. Synthesis, Structure and In Vitro Anti-Trypanosomal Activity of Non-Toxic Arylpyrrole-Based Chalcone Derivatives. Molecules 2020; 25:E1668. [PMID: 32260364 PMCID: PMC7181280 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With an intention of identifying chalcone derivatives exhibiting anti-protozoal activity, a cohort of relatively unexplored arylpyrrole-based chalcone derivatives were synthesized in moderate to good yields. The resultant compounds were evaluated in vitro for their potential activity against a cultured Trypanosoma brucei brucei 427 strain. Several compounds displayed mostly modest in vitro anti-trypanosomal activity with compounds 10e and 10h emerging as active candidates with IC50 values of 4.09 and 5.11 µM, respectively. More importantly, a concomitant assessment of their activity against a human cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cell line revealed that these compounds are non-toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayanda I. Zulu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; (A.I.Z.); (O.O.O.); (C.K.); (V.J.S.)
| | - Ogunyemi O. Oderinlo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; (A.I.Z.); (O.O.O.); (C.K.); (V.J.S.)
| | - Cuan Kruger
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; (A.I.Z.); (O.O.O.); (C.K.); (V.J.S.)
| | - Michelle Isaacs
- Centre for Chemico and Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; (M.I.); (H.C.H.)
| | - Heinrich C. Hoppe
- Centre for Chemico and Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; (M.I.); (H.C.H.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Vincent J. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; (A.I.Z.); (O.O.O.); (C.K.); (V.J.S.)
- Centre for Chemico and Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; (M.I.); (H.C.H.)
| | - Clinton G. L. Veale
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Pietermaritzburg Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa;
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Setshaba D. Khanye
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; (A.I.Z.); (O.O.O.); (C.K.); (V.J.S.)
- Centre for Chemico and Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; (M.I.); (H.C.H.)
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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22
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Dziwornu GA, Attram HD, Gachuhi S, Chibale K. Chemotherapy for human schistosomiasis: how far have we come? What's new? Where do we go from here? RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:455-490. [PMID: 33479649 PMCID: PMC7593896 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00062k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, schistosomiasis threatens more than 700 million lives, mostly children, in poor localities of tropical and sub-tropical areas with morbidity due to acute and chronic pathological manifestations of the disease. After a century since the first antimonial-based drugs were introduced to treat the disease, anti-schistosomiasis drug development is again at a bottleneck with only one drug, praziquantel, available for treatment purposes. This review focuses on promising chemotypes as potential starting points in a drug discovery effort to meet the urgent need for new schistosomicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godwin Akpeko Dziwornu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701 , South Africa . ; Tel: +27 21 6502553
| | - Henrietta Dede Attram
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701 , South Africa . ; Tel: +27 21 6502553
| | - Samuel Gachuhi
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701 , South Africa . ; Tel: +27 21 6502553
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701 , South Africa . ; Tel: +27 21 6502553
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D) , University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701 , South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine , University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701 , South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit , University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701 , South Africa
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23
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Álvarez-Bardón M, Pérez-Pertejo Y, Ordóñez C, Sepúlveda-Crespo D, Carballeira NM, Tekwani BL, Murugesan S, Martinez-Valladares M, García-Estrada C, Reguera RM, Balaña-Fouce R. Screening Marine Natural Products for New Drug Leads against Trypanosomatids and Malaria. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E187. [PMID: 32244488 PMCID: PMC7230869 DOI: 10.3390/md18040187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) represent a serious threat to humans, especially for those living in poor or developing countries. Almost one-sixth of the world population is at risk of suffering from these diseases and many thousands die because of NTDs, to which we should add the sanitary, labor and social issues that hinder the economic development of these countries. Protozoan-borne diseases are responsible for more than one million deaths every year. Visceral leishmaniasis, Chagas disease or sleeping sickness are among the most lethal NTDs. Despite not being considered an NTD by the World Health Organization (WHO), malaria must be added to this sinister group. Malaria, caused by the apicomplexan parasite Plasmodium falciparum, is responsible for thousands of deaths each year. The treatment of this disease has been losing effectiveness year after year. Many of the medicines currently in use are obsolete due to their gradual loss of efficacy, their intrinsic toxicity and the emergence of drug resistance or a lack of adherence to treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent and global need for new drugs. Despite this, the scant interest shown by most of the stakeholders involved in the pharmaceutical industry makes our present therapeutic arsenal scarce, and until recently, the search for new drugs has not been seriously addressed. The sources of new drugs for these and other pathologies include natural products, synthetic molecules or repurposing drugs. The most frequent sources of natural products are microorganisms, e.g., bacteria, fungi, yeasts, algae and plants, which are able to synthesize many drugs that are currently in use (e.g. antimicrobials, antitumor, immunosuppressants, etc.). The marine environment is another well-established source of bioactive natural products, with recent applications against parasites, bacteria and other pathogens which affect humans and animals. Drug discovery techniques have rapidly advanced since the beginning of the millennium. The combination of novel techniques that include the genetic modification of pathogens, bioimaging and robotics has given rise to the standardization of High-Performance Screening platforms in the discovery of drugs. These advancements have accelerated the discovery of new chemical entities with antiparasitic effects. This review presents critical updates regarding the use of High-Throughput Screening (HTS) in the discovery of drugs for NTDs transmitted by protozoa, including malaria, and its application in the discovery of new drugs of marine origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Álvarez-Bardón
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (M.Á.-B.); (Y.P.-P.); (C.O.); (D.S.-C.); (R.M.R.)
| | - Yolanda Pérez-Pertejo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (M.Á.-B.); (Y.P.-P.); (C.O.); (D.S.-C.); (R.M.R.)
| | - César Ordóñez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (M.Á.-B.); (Y.P.-P.); (C.O.); (D.S.-C.); (R.M.R.)
| | - Daniel Sepúlveda-Crespo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (M.Á.-B.); (Y.P.-P.); (C.O.); (D.S.-C.); (R.M.R.)
| | - Nestor M. Carballeira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras 00925-2537, San Juan, Puerto Rico;
| | - Babu L. Tekwani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Drug Discovery, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA;
| | - Sankaranarayanan Murugesan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani 333031, India;
| | - Maria Martinez-Valladares
- Department of Animal Health, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Grulleros, 24346 León, Spain;
| | - Carlos García-Estrada
- INBIOTEC (Instituto de Biotecnología de León), Avda. Real 1-Parque Científico de León, 24006 León, Spain;
| | - Rosa M. Reguera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (M.Á.-B.); (Y.P.-P.); (C.O.); (D.S.-C.); (R.M.R.)
| | - Rafael Balaña-Fouce
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (M.Á.-B.); (Y.P.-P.); (C.O.); (D.S.-C.); (R.M.R.)
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24
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de Sousa ACC, Maepa K, Combrinck JM, Egan TJ. Lapatinib, Nilotinib and Lomitapide Inhibit Haemozoin Formation in Malaria Parasites. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071571. [PMID: 32235391 PMCID: PMC7180468 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With the continued loss of antimalarials to resistance, drug repositioning may have a role in maximising efficiency and accelerating the discovery of new antimalarial drugs. Bayesian statistics was previously used as a tool to virtually screen USFDA approved drugs for predicted β-haematin (synthetic haemozoin) inhibition and in vitro antimalarial activity. Here, we report the experimental evaluation of nine of the highest ranked drugs, confirming the accuracy of the model by showing an overall 93% hit rate. Lapatinib, nilotinib, and lomitapide showed the best activity for inhibition of β-haematin formation and parasite growth and were found to inhibit haemozoin formation in the parasite, providing mechanistic insights into their mode of antimalarial action. We then screened the USFDA approved drugs for binding to the β-haematin crystal, applying a docking method in order to evaluate its performance. The docking method correctly identified imatinib, lapatinib, nilotinib, and lomitapide. Experimental evaluation of 22 of the highest ranked purchasable drugs showed a 24% hit rate. Lapatinib and nilotinib were chosen as templates for shape and electrostatic similarity screening for lead hopping using the in-stock ChemDiv compound catalogue. The actives were novel structures worthy of future investigation. This study presents a comparison of different in silico methods to identify new haemozoin-inhibiting chemotherapeutic alternatives for malaria that proved to be useful in different ways when taking into consideration their strengths and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina C. de Sousa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa;
| | - Keletso Maepa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa; (K.M.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Jill M. Combrinck
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa; (K.M.); (J.M.C.)
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Timothy J. Egan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa;
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Correspondence:
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Orozco D, Kouznetsov VV, Bermúdez A, Vargas Méndez LY, Mendoza Salgado AR, Meléndez Gómez CM. Recent synthetic efforts in the preparation of 2-(3,4)-alkenyl (aryl) quinoline molecules towards anti-kinetoplastid agents. RSC Adv 2020; 10:4876-4898. [PMID: 35498276 PMCID: PMC9049580 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09905k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, Chagas disease and African sleeping sickness have been considered some of the most important tropical protozoan afflictions. As the number of drugs currently available to treat these human illnesses is severely limited and the majority has poor safety profiles and complicated administration schedules, actually there is an urgent need to develop new effective, safe and cost-effective drugs. Because quinoline alkaloids with antiprotozoal activity (quinine, chimanine, cryptolepine or huperzine groups) were historically and are still essential models for drug research to combat these parasitic infections, synthetic or semi-synthetic quinoline-based molecules are important for anti-kinetoplastid drug design approaches and synthetic methods of their preparation become a key task that is the central subject of this review. Its goal is to highlight the advances in the conventional and current syntheses of new 2-(3,4)-alkenyl (aryl) quinoline derivatives, which kill the most important kinetoplastid protozoa, - Leishmania and Trypanosoma and could be useful models for antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal research. An attempt has been made to present and discuss the more recent contributions in this field over the period 2015-2019, paying special attention to molecular design, synthetic efforts to new green reaction conditions for classical methods such as Skraup synthesis, Friedländer synthesis, Conrad-Limpach, Doebner-Miller, as well as contemporary methods like Gould-Jacobs, Meth-Cohn and Povarov reactions. This review includes brief general information on these neglected tropical diseases, their current chemotherapies, and primary natural models (quinoline alkaloids), suitable for development of anti-kinetoplastid quinoline-based agents. The main part of the review comprises critical discussion on the synthesis and chemistry of new quinolines diversely substituted by alkyl (alkenyl, aryl) fragments on the pyridine part of the quinoline skeleton, which could be considered interesting analogues of chimanine alkaloids. The methods described in this review were developed with the aim of overcoming the drawbacks of the traditional protocols using revolutionary precursors and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayana Orozco
- Grupo de Investigación en Química Orgánica y Biomédica, Programa de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Atlántico A.A.1890 Barranquilla Colombia
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Biomolecular, CMN, Parque Tecnológico Guatiguara, Universidad Industrial de Santander Km 2 Vía Refugio, A.A. 681011 Bucaramanga Colombia
| | - Vladimir V Kouznetsov
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Biomolecular, CMN, Parque Tecnológico Guatiguara, Universidad Industrial de Santander Km 2 Vía Refugio, A.A. 681011 Bucaramanga Colombia
| | - Armando Bermúdez
- Grupo de Investigación en Química Orgánica y Biomédica, Programa de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Atlántico A.A.1890 Barranquilla Colombia
| | - Leonor Y Vargas Méndez
- Grupo de Investigaciones Ambientales para el Desarrollo Sostenible, Facultad de Química Ambiental, Universidad Santo Tomás A. A. 1076 Bucaramanga Colombia
| | - Arturo René Mendoza Salgado
- Grupo de Investigación en Química Orgánica y Biomédica, Programa de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Atlántico A.A.1890 Barranquilla Colombia
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Biomolecular, CMN, Parque Tecnológico Guatiguara, Universidad Industrial de Santander Km 2 Vía Refugio, A.A. 681011 Bucaramanga Colombia
| | - Carlos Mario Meléndez Gómez
- Grupo de Investigación en Química Orgánica y Biomédica, Programa de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Atlántico A.A.1890 Barranquilla Colombia
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26
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Ten years of progress in the synthesis of six-membered N-heterocycles from alkynes and nitrogen sources. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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27
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Veale CGL, Jayram J, Naidoo S, Laming D, Swart T, Olivier T, Akerman MP, de Villiers KA, Hoppe HC, Jeena V. Insights into structural and physicochemical properties required for β-hematin inhibition of privileged triarylimidazoles. RSC Med Chem 2019; 11:85-91. [PMID: 33479606 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00468h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated a series of triarylimidazoles, in an effort to elucidate critical SAR information pertaining to their anti-plasmodial and β-hematin inhibitory activity. Our results showed that in addition to the positional effects of ring substitution, subtle changes to lipophilicity and imidazole ionisability were important factors in SAR interpretation. Finally, in silico adsorption analysis indicated that these compounds exert their effect by inhibiting β-hematin crystal growth at the fast growing 001 face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton G L Veale
- School of Chemistry and Physics , Pietermaritzburg Campus , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Private Bag X01 , Scottsville , 3209 , South Africa
| | - Janeeka Jayram
- School of Chemistry and Physics , Pietermaritzburg Campus , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Private Bag X01 , Scottsville , 3209 , South Africa
| | - Shivani Naidoo
- School of Chemistry and Physics , Pietermaritzburg Campus , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Private Bag X01 , Scottsville , 3209 , South Africa
| | - Dustin Laming
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , Rhodes University , Grahamstown , 6140 , South Africa
| | - Tarryn Swart
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , Rhodes University , Grahamstown , 6140 , South Africa
| | - Tania Olivier
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science , Stellenbosch University , Private Bag X1 , Matieland , 7602 , South Africa . ;
| | - Matthew P Akerman
- School of Chemistry and Physics , Pietermaritzburg Campus , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Private Bag X01 , Scottsville , 3209 , South Africa
| | - Katherine A de Villiers
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science , Stellenbosch University , Private Bag X1 , Matieland , 7602 , South Africa . ;
| | - Heinrich C Hoppe
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , Rhodes University , Grahamstown , 6140 , South Africa
| | - Vineet Jeena
- School of Chemistry and Physics , Pietermaritzburg Campus , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Private Bag X01 , Scottsville , 3209 , South Africa
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28
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Lee SM, Kim MS, Hayat F, Shin D. Recent Advances in the Discovery of Novel Antiprotozoal Agents. Molecules 2019; 24:E3886. [PMID: 31661934 PMCID: PMC6864685 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic diseases have serious health, social, and economic impacts, especially in the tropical regions of the world. Diseases caused by protozoan parasites are responsible for considerable mortality and morbidity, affecting more than 500 million people worldwide. Globally, the burden of protozoan diseases is increasing and is been exacerbated because of a lack of effective medication due to the drug resistance and toxicity of current antiprotozoal agents. These limitations have prompted many researchers to search for new drugs against protozoan parasites. In this review, we have compiled the latest information (2012-2017) on the structures and pharmacological activities of newly developed organic compounds against five major protozoan diseases, giardiasis, leishmaniasis, malaria, trichomoniasis, and trypanosomiasis, with the aim of showing recent advances in the discovery of new antiprotozoal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Min Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Min-Sun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Faisal Hayat
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Dongyun Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea.
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Chen TT, Peng S, Wang Y, Hu Y, Shen Y, Xu Y, Yin J, Liu C, Cao J. Improvement of Mitochondrial Activity and Fibrosis by Resveratrol Treatment in Mice with Schistosoma japonicum Infection. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110658. [PMID: 31717714 PMCID: PMC6920829 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma japonicum is a major parasitic disease in the People's Republic of China. Liver fibrosis is the main pathological mechanism of schistosomiasis, and it is also the major lesion. The common drug used for its treatment, praziquantel (PZQ), does not have a marked effect on liver fibrosis. Resveratrol (RSV), which is an antioxidant, improves mitochondrial function and also attenuates liver fibrosis. The combination of PZQ and RSV has been found to have a synergistic antischistosomal effect on Schistosoma mansoni; additionally, the activity of PZQ is enhanced in the presence of RSV. Here, we examine the therapeutic effects of RSV on the S. japonicum infection in a mouse model, and we investigate RSV as a novel therapeutic agent for mitochondrial function and schistosomiasis-associated liver fibrosis (SSLF). Mitochondrial membrane potential was examined using flow cytometry analysis. The expression of the mitochondrial biogenesis genes PGC-α and fibrosis-associated genes collagen I, collagen III and α-SMA were examined using western blot analysis. Fibrosis-associated histological changes were examined using Masson trichrome staining. Additionally, the effects of RSV on S. japonicum adult worms were examined using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. RSV treatment improved mitochondrial function by increasing membrane potential and increasing PGC-α expression (mitochondrial biogenesis). Further, RSV attenuated liver injury, including liver scarring, by decreasing collagen deposition and the extent of fibrosis, based on the decrease in expression of the fibrosis-related genes. RSV also decreased the adult worm count and caused considerable physical damage to the worm. These results indicate that RSV upregulates mitochondrial biogenesis and inhibits fibrosis. RSV may have potential as a therapeutic target for the treatment of fibrosis in schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Tuwen Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, Shanghai 200025, China; (T.T.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (C.L.)
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan;
| | - Shihyi Peng
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan;
| | - Yanjuan Wang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, Shanghai 200025, China; (T.T.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (C.L.)
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, Shanghai 200025, China; (T.T.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (C.L.)
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yujuan Shen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, Shanghai 200025, China; (T.T.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (C.L.)
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuxin Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, Shanghai 200025, China; (T.T.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (C.L.)
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jianhai Yin
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, Shanghai 200025, China; (T.T.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (C.L.)
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Congshan Liu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, Shanghai 200025, China; (T.T.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (C.L.)
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, Shanghai 200025, China; (T.T.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (C.L.)
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
- Correspondence:
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Andrade CH, Neves BJ, Melo-Filho CC, Rodrigues J, Silva DC, Braga RC, Cravo PVL. In Silico Chemogenomics Drug Repositioning Strategies for Neglected Tropical Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180309114824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Only ~1% of all drug candidates against Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs)
have reached clinical trials in the last decades, underscoring the need for new, safe and effective
treatments. In such context, drug repositioning, which allows finding novel indications
for approved drugs whose pharmacokinetic and safety profiles are already known,
emerging as a promising strategy for tackling NTDs. Chemogenomics is a direct descendent
of the typical drug discovery process that involves the systematic screening of chemical
compounds against drug targets in high-throughput screening (HTS) efforts, for the identification
of lead compounds. However, different to the one-drug-one-target paradigm, chemogenomics
attempts to identify all potential ligands for all possible targets and diseases. In
this review, we summarize current methodological development efforts in drug repositioning
that use state-of-the-art computational ligand- and structure-based chemogenomics approaches.
Furthermore, we highlighted the recent progress in computational drug repositioning
for some NTDs, based on curation and modeling of genomic, biological, and chemical data.
Additionally, we also present in-house and other successful examples and suggest possible solutions
to existing pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Horta Andrade
- LabMol - Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, 74605-170, Brazil
| | - Bruno Junior Neves
- LabMol - Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, 74605-170, Brazil
| | - Cleber Camilo Melo-Filho
- LabMol - Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, 74605-170, Brazil
| | - Juliana Rodrigues
- LabMol - Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, 74605-170, Brazil
| | - Diego Cabral Silva
- LabMol - Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, 74605-170, Brazil
| | - Rodolpho Campos Braga
- LabMol - Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, 74605-170, Brazil
| | - Pedro Vitor Lemos Cravo
- Laboratory of Cheminformatics, Centro Universitario de Anapolis (UniEVANGELICA), Anapolis, GO, 75083-515, Brazil
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Caffrey CR, El‐Sakkary N, Mäder P, Krieg R, Becker K, Schlitzer M, Drewry DH, Vennerstrom JL, Grevelding CG. Drug Discovery and Development for Schistosomiasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527808656.ch8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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de Oliveira AA, Neves BJ, Silva LDC, Soares CMDA, Andrade CH, Pereira M. Drug Repurposing for Paracoccidioidomycosis Through a Computational Chemogenomics Framework. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1301. [PMID: 31244810 PMCID: PMC6581699 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is the most prevalent endemic mycosis in Latin America. The disease is caused by fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides and mainly affects low-income rural workers after inhalation of fungal conidia suspended in the air. The current arsenal of chemotherapeutic agents requires long-term administration protocols. In addition, chemotherapy is related to a significantly increased frequency of disease relapse, high toxicity, and incomplete elimination of the fungus. Due to the limitations of current anti-PCM drugs, we developed a computational drug repurposing-chemogenomics approach to identify approved drugs or drug candidates in clinical trials with anti-PCM activity. In contrast to the one-drug-one-target paradigm, our chemogenomics approach attempts to predict interactions between drugs, and Paracoccidioides protein targets. To achieve this goal, we designed a workflow with the following steps: (a) compilation and preparation of Paracoccidioides spp. genome data; (b) identification of orthologous proteins among the isolates; (c) identification of homologous proteins in publicly available drug-target databases; (d) selection of Paracoccidioides essential targets using validated genes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae; (e) homology modeling and molecular docking studies; and (f) experimental validation of selected candidates. We prioritized 14 compounds. Two antineoplastic drug candidates (vistusertib and BGT-226) predicted to be inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase TOR2 showed antifungal activity at low micromolar concentrations (<10 μM). Four antifungal azole drugs (bifonazole, luliconazole, butoconazole, and sertaconazole) showed antifungal activity at low nanomolar concentrations, validating our methodology. The results suggest our strategy for predicting new anti-PCM drugs is useful. Finally, we could recommend hit-to-lead optimization studies to improve potency and selectivity, as well as pharmaceutical formulations to improve oral bioavailability of the antifungal azoles identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Alves de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.,Laboratório de Cheminformática, Centro Universitário de Anápolis, UniEVANGÉLICA, Anápolis, Brazil
| | - Bruno Junior Neves
- Laboratório de Cheminformática, Centro Universitário de Anápolis, UniEVANGÉLICA, Anápolis, Brazil
| | - Lívia do Carmo Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Horta Andrade
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Design de Medicamentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Maristela Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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Popov AB, Stolić I, Krstulović L, Taylor MC, Kelly JM, Tomić S, Tumir L, Bajić M, Raić-Malić S. Novel symmetric bis-benzimidazoles: Synthesis, DNA/RNA binding and antitrypanosomal activity. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 173:63-75. [PMID: 30986572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The novel benzimidazol-2-yl-fur-5-yl-(1,2,3)-triazolyl dimeric series with aliphatic and aromatic central linkers was successfully prepared with the aim of assessing binding affinity to DNA/RNA and antitrypanosomal activity. UV-Visible spectroscopy, thermal denaturation showed interaction of heterocyclic bis-amidines with ctDNA. Circular dichroism studies indicated uniform orientation of heterocyclic bis-amidines along the chiral double helix axis, revealing minor groove binding as the dominant binding mode. The amidino fragment and 1,4-bis(oxymethylene)phenyl spacer were the main determinants of activity against Trypanosoma brucei. The bis-benzimidazole imidazoline 15c, which had antitrypanosomal potency in the submicromolar range and DNA interacting properties, emerged as a candidate for further structural optimization to obtain more effective agents to combat trypanosome infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bistrović Popov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - I Stolić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - L Krstulović
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M C Taylor
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - J M Kelly
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - S Tomić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - L Tumir
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory for Biomolecular Interactions and Spectroscopy, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Bajić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - S Raić-Malić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Chtita S, Ghamali M, Ousaa A, Aouidate A, Belhassan A, Taourati AI, Masand VH, Bouachrine M, Lakhlifi T. QSAR study of anti-Human African Trypanosomiasis activity for 2-phenylimidazopyridines derivatives using DFT and Lipinski's descriptors. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01304. [PMID: 30899832 PMCID: PMC6407088 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) of sixty 2-phenylimidazopyridines derivatives with anti-Human African Trypanosomiasis (anti-HAT) activity has been studied by using the density functional theory (DFT) and statistical methods. Becke's three-parameter hybrid method and the Lee-Yang-Parr B3LYP functional employing 6-31G(d) basis set are used to calculate quantum chemical descriptors using Gaussian 03W software, and the five Lipinski's parameters were calculated using ChemOffice software. In order to obtain robust and reliable QSAR model, the original dataset was randomly divided into training and prediction sets comprising 48 and 12 compounds, respectively. An optimal model for the training set with significant statistical quality was established. The same model was further applied to predict pEC50 values of the 12 compounds in the test set, further showing that this QSAR model has high predictive ability. It is very interesting to find that the anti-HAT of these compounds appear to be mainly governed by four factors, i.e., the number of H-bond donors, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy, the molecular weight and the octanol/water partition coefficient. Here the possible action mechanism of these compounds was analysed and discussed, in particular, important structural requirements for great anti-HAT activity will be by increasing molecular size and substitute the 2-phenylimidazopyridines derivatives with polar, ionic, stronger accepting electron ability group and heteroatoms attached to one or more hydrogen atoms. Based on this proposed QSAR model, some new compounds with higher anti-HAT activities have been theoretically designed. Such results can offer useful theoretical references for future experimental works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Chtita
- Laboratory Physical Chemistry of Materials, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
- MCNSL, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Mounir Ghamali
- MCNSL, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Abdellah Ousaa
- MCNSL, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Adnane Aouidate
- MCNSL, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Assia Belhassan
- MCNSL, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
- MEM, Department of Chemistry, High School of Technology, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | | | - Vijay Hariram Masand
- Department of Chemistry, Vidya Bharati College, Camp. Amravati, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohammed Bouachrine
- MCNSL, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
- MEM, Department of Chemistry, High School of Technology, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Tahar Lakhlifi
- MCNSL, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
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Kumar M, Okombo J, Mambwe D, Taylor D, Lawrence N, Reader J, van der Watt M, Fontinha D, Sanches-Vaz M, Bezuidenhout BC, Lauterbach SB, Liebenberg D, Birkholtz LM, Coetzer TL, Prudêncio M, Egan TJ, Wittlin S, Chibale K. Multistage Antiplasmodium Activity of Astemizole Analogues and Inhibition of Hemozoin Formation as a Contributor to Their Mode of Action. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:303-315. [PMID: 30525439 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A drug repositioning approach was leveraged to derivatize astemizole (AST), an antihistamine drug whose antimalarial activity was previously identified in a high-throughput screen. The multistage activity potential against the Plasmodium parasite's life cycle of the subsequent analogues was examined by evaluating against the parasite asexual blood, liver, and sexual gametocytic stages. In addition, the previously reported contribution of heme detoxification to the compound's mode of action was interrogated. Ten of the 17 derivatives showed half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of <0.1 μM against the chloroquine (CQ)-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum NF54 ( PfNF54) strain while maintaining submicromolar potency against the multidrug-resistant strain, PfK1, with most showing low likelihood of cross-resistance with CQ. Selected analogues ( PfNF54-IC50 < 0.1 μM) were tested for cytotoxicity on Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO) cells and found to be highly selective (selectivity index > 100). Screening of AST and its analogues against gametocytes revealed their moderate activity (IC50: 1-5 μM) against late stage P. falciparum gametocytes, while the evaluation of activity against P. berghei liver stages identified one compound (3) with 3-fold greater activity than the parent AST compound. Mechanistic studies showed a strong correlation between in vitro inhibition of β-hematin formation by the AST derivatives and their antiplasmodium IC50s. Analyses of intracellular inhibition of hemozoin formation within the parasite further yielded signatures attributable to a possible perturbation of the heme detoxification machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malkeet Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - John Okombo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Dickson Mambwe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Dale Taylor
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Nina Lawrence
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Janette Reader
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Mariëtte van der Watt
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Diana Fontinha
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida Sanches-Vaz
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Belinda C. Bezuidenhout
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Sonja B. Lauterbach
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Dale Liebenberg
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Lyn-Marie Birkholtz
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Theresa L. Coetzer
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Miguel Prudêncio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Timothy J. Egan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Sergio Wittlin
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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36
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Volochnyuk DM, Ryabukhin SV, Moroz YS, Savych O, Chuprina A, Horvath D, Zabolotna Y, Varnek A, Judd DB. Evolution of commercially available compounds for HTS. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:390-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Gemma S, Federico S, Brogi S, Brindisi M, Butini S, Campiani G. Dealing with schistosomiasis: Current drug discovery strategies. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.armc.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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38
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Mayoka G, Njoroge M, Okombo J, Gibhard L, Sanches-Vaz M, Fontinha D, Birkholtz LM, Reader J, van der Watt M, Coetzer TL, Lauterbach S, Churchyard A, Bezuidenhout B, Egan TJ, Yeates C, Wittlin S, Prudêncio M, Chibale K. Structure–Activity Relationship Studies and Plasmodium Life Cycle Profiling Identifies Pan-Active N-Aryl-3-trifluoromethyl Pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles Which Are Efficacious in an in Vivo Mouse Model of Malaria. J Med Chem 2018; 62:1022-1035. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Godfrey Mayoka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Mathew Njoroge
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - John Okombo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Liezl Gibhard
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Margarida Sanches-Vaz
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diana Fontinha
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lyn-Marie Birkholtz
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Janette Reader
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Mariëtte van der Watt
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Theresa L. Coetzer
- Wits Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Sonja Lauterbach
- Wits Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Alisje Churchyard
- Wits Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Belinda Bezuidenhout
- Wits Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Timothy J. Egan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Clive Yeates
- Inpharma
Consultancy, 6 Dudley Hill Close, Welwyn, Hertfordshire AL60QQ, U.K
| | - Sergio Wittlin
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miguel Prudêncio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council, Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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39
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Ong YC, Roy S, Andrews PC, Gasser G. Metal Compounds against Neglected Tropical Diseases. Chem Rev 2018; 119:730-796. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yih Ching Ong
- Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Saonli Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Wintherthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philip C. Andrews
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
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40
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N-Substituted aminoquinoline-pyrimidine hybrids: Synthesis, in vitro antimalarial activity evaluation and docking studies. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 162:277-289. [PMID: 30448417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel molecular hybrids based on 4-aminoquinoline-pyrimidine were synthesized and examined for their antimalarial activity. Most of the compounds were found to have potent in vitro antimalarial activity against both CQ-sensitive D6 and CQ-resistant W2 strains of P. falciparum. The active compounds have no considerable cytotoxicity against the mammalian VERO cell lines. Twenty three compounds displayed better antimalarial activity against CQ-resistant strain W2 with IC50 values in the range 0.0189-0.945 μM, when compared with standard drug chloroquine. The best active compound 7d was studied for heme binding so as to find the primary mode of action of these hybrid molecules. Compound 7d was found to form a stable 1:1 complex with hematin as determined by its Job's plot which suggests that heme may be a probable target of these molecules. Docking studies performed with Pf-DHFR exhibited good binding interactions in the active site. The pharmacokinetic properties of some active compounds were also analysed using ADMET prediction.
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41
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QSAR Study of N-Myristoyltransferase Inhibitors of Antimalarial Agents. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092348. [PMID: 30217086 PMCID: PMC6225221 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium that affects millions of people worldwide. In recent years there have been parasite resistances to several drugs, including the first-line antimalarial treatment. With the aim of proposing new drugs candidates for the treatment of disease, Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) methodology was applied to 83 N-myristoyltransferase inhibitors, synthesized by Leatherbarrow et al. The QSAR models were developed using 63 compounds, the training set, and externally validated using 20 compounds, the test set. Ten different alignments for the two test sets were tested and the models were generated by the technique that combines genetic algorithms and partial least squares. The best model shows r2 = 0.757, q2adjusted = 0.634, R2pred = 0.746, R2m = 0.716, ∆R2m = 0.133, R2p = 0.609, and R2r = 0.110. This work suggested a good correlation with the experimental results and allows the design of new potent N-myristoyltransferase inhibitors.
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42
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Gumbo M, Beteck RM, Mandizvo T, Seldon R, Warner DF, Hoppe HC, Isaacs M, Laming D, Tam CC, Cheng LW, Liu N, Land KM, Khanye SD. Cinnamoyl-Oxaborole Amides: Synthesis and Their in Vitro Biological Activity. Molecules 2018; 23:E2038. [PMID: 30111695 PMCID: PMC6222898 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23082038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the increased interest in their application in the treatment of infectious diseases, boron-containing compounds have received a significant coverage in the literature. Herein, a small set of novel cinnamoly-oxaborole amides were synthesized and screened against nagana Trypanosoma brucei brucei for antitrypanosomal activity. Compound 5g emerged as a new hit with an in vitro IC50 value of 0.086 μM against T. b. brucei without obvious inhibitory activity against HeLa cell lines. The same series was also screened against other human pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), for which moderate to weak activity (10 to >125 μM) was observed. Similarly, these compounds exhibited moderate activity against the human protozoal pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis with no observed effect on common microbiome bacterial species. The cross-species inhibitory activity presents the possibility of these compounds serving as broad-spectrum antibiotics for these prevalent three human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Gumbo
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
| | - Richard M Beteck
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
| | - Tawanda Mandizvo
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
| | - Ronnett Seldon
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3-D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
| | - Digby F Warner
- MRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
| | - Heinrich C Hoppe
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
- Centre for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
| | - Michelle Isaacs
- Centre for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
| | - Dustin Laming
- Centre for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
| | - Christina C Tam
- Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA.
| | - Luisa W Cheng
- Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA.
| | - Nicole Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA.
| | - Kirkwood M Land
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA.
| | - Setshaba D Khanye
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
- Centre for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
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Aguiar ACC, Panciera M, Simão dos Santos EF, Singh MK, Garcia ML, de Souza GE, Nakabashi M, Costa JL, Garcia CRS, Oliva G, Correia CRD, Guido RVC. Discovery of Marinoquinolines as Potent and Fast-Acting Plasmodium falciparum Inhibitors with in Vivo Activity. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5547-5568. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Caroline Campos Aguiar
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Joao Dagnone, 1100 Jardim Santa Angelina, São Carlos, SP 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Michele Panciera
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Josue de Castro St., Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | | | - Maneesh Kumar Singh
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, University of Sao Paulo, Rua do Matão 101, Travessa 14, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Mariana Lopes Garcia
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Joao Dagnone, 1100 Jardim Santa Angelina, São Carlos, SP 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Eduardo de Souza
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Joao Dagnone, 1100 Jardim Santa Angelina, São Carlos, SP 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Myna Nakabashi
- Department of Physiology, University of Sao Paulo, Rua do Matão 101, Travessa 14, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Costa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Rua Oswaldo Cruz, 2° Andar, Bloco F3, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP 13083-859, Brazil
| | - Célia R. S. Garcia
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Glaucius Oliva
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Joao Dagnone, 1100 Jardim Santa Angelina, São Carlos, SP 13563-120, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Victorio Carvalho Guido
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Joao Dagnone, 1100 Jardim Santa Angelina, São Carlos, SP 13563-120, Brazil
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44
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Chopra R, Chibale K, Singh K. Pyrimidine-chloroquinoline hybrids: Synthesis and antiplasmodial activity. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 148:39-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ke W, Cheng X, Cao D, Sun Q, Zhang Q. Molluscicidal activity of Arisaema erubescens mixed with fertilizers against Oncomelania hupensis and its effect on rice germination and growth. Acta Trop 2018; 179:55-60. [PMID: 29287760 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To explore a new molluscicide with dual effects of fertilization and molluscicidal activity, an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer molluscicide was prepared by mixing the water extract (or powder) of Arisaema erubescens tubers with nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, and three mixed fertilizers (hereinafter referred to as ANF, APF, AKF and ACF, respectively). Leaching using the mixture was performed to test for molluscicidal activity, and indoor rice germination, seedling growth, and pot experiments were monitored. ANF exhibited superior molluscicidal activity, with respective 24-h and 48-h Oncomelania mortality rates significantly increased, reaching up to 67.7% and 92.3%. ANF, APF, and AKF significantly promoted rice germination and growth of rice, with ANF showing superior effects. The respective 3-day and 5-day germination rate of rice seeds treated with ANF significantly increased by 25% and 21% relative to that of the control group, and the respective 10-day and 20-day growth length of rice seedlings (aboveground part) increased by 106.2% and 33.2%. A positive correlation between ACF molluscicidal activity and concentration and treatment time were observed. The Oncomelania mortality rate at 48 h after treatment with a low ACF concentration (0.25 g/L) was 70.7%, whereas that at 24 h after treatment using a higher concentration (0.5 g/L) was 80.7%. ACF promoted rice seed germination and seedling growth, whereas inhibitory effects were observed using a high ACF concentration. Therefore, the combined application of A. erubescens and chemical fertilizers not only enhances molluscicidal activity, but also promotes rice growth, with the combined application of A. erubescens and nitrogen fertilizer and mixed fertilizer showing superior dual effects (molluscicide and fertilization).
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Alencar N, Sola I, Linares M, Juárez-Jiménez J, Pont C, Viayna A, Vílchez D, Sampedro C, Abad P, Pérez-Benavente S, Lameira J, Bautista JM, Muñoz-Torrero D, Luque FJ. First homology model of Plasmodium falciparum glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase: Discovery of selective substrate analog-based inhibitors as novel antimalarial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 146:108-122. [PMID: 29407943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In Plasmodium falciparum the bifunctional enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase‒6-phosphogluconolactonase (PfG6PD‒6PGL) is involved in the catalysis of the first reaction of the pentose phosphate pathway. Since this enzyme has a key role in parasite development, its unique structure represents a potential target for the discovery of antimalarial drugs. Here we describe the first 3D structural model of the G6PD domain of PfG6PD‒6PGL. Compared to the human enzyme (hG6PD), the 3D model has enabled the identification of a key difference in the substrate-binding site, which involves the replacement of Arg365 in hG6PD by Asp750 in PfG6PD. In a prospective validation of the model, this critical change has been exploited to rationally design a novel family of substrate analog-based inhibitors that can display the necessary selectivity towards PfG6PD. A series of glucose derivatives featuring an α-methoxy group at the anomeric position and different side chains at position 6 bearing distinct basic functionalities has been synthesized, and their PfG6PD and hG6PD inhibitory activities and their toxicity against parasite and mammalian cells have been assessed. Several compounds displayed micromolar affinity (Ki up to 23 μM), favorable selectivity (up to > 26-fold), and low cytotoxicity. Phenotypic assays with P. falciparum cultures revealed high micromolar IC50 values, likely as a result of poor internalization of the compounds in the parasite cell. Overall, these results endorse confidence to the 3D model of PfG6PD, paving the way for the use of target-based drug design approaches in antimalarial drug discovery studies around this promising target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Alencar
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Irene Sola
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and IBUB, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Linares
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Avda. de Cordoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Juárez-Jiménez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Caterina Pont
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and IBUB, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Viayna
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - David Vílchez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Cristina Sampedro
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and IBUB, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paloma Abad
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Avda. de Cordoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Pérez-Benavente
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Lameira
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos-LPDF, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais- ICEN, Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, Av. Augusto Correa, Nº 1- Bairro: Guamá, Cep: 66.075-900 Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - José M Bautista
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Avda. de Cordoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Muñoz-Torrero
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and IBUB, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - F Javier Luque
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
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Tetrasubstituted Imidazolium Salts as Potent Antiparasitic Agents against African and American Trypanosomiases. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010177. [PMID: 29337878 PMCID: PMC6017328 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Imidazolium salts are privileged compounds in organic chemistry, and have valuable biological properties. Recent studies show that symmetric imidazolium salts with bulky moieties can display antiparasitic activity against T. cruzi. After developing a facile methodology for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted imidazolium salts from propargylamines and isocyanides, we screened a small library of these adducts against the causative agents of African and American trypanosomiases. These compounds display nanomolar activity against T. brucei and low (or sub) micromolar activity against T. cruzi, with excellent selectivity indexes and favorable molecular properties, thereby emerging as promising hits for the treatment of Chagas disease and sleeping sickness.
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Ke W, Lin X, Yu Z, Sun Q, Zhang Q. Molluscicidal activity and physiological toxicity of Macleaya cordata alkaloids components on snail Oncomelania hupensis. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 143:111-115. [PMID: 29183578 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In order to search new local plant molluscicides for the control of the vectors of schistosomiasis, leaves of Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br. were used to extract and separate alkaloid components by thinner acid method and column chromatography, and the molluscicidal effect of alkaloid components against snail Oncomelania hupensis was determined by bioassay. The results showed that 7 alkaloid components (AN1-7) were obtained after extracting and separating alkaloids from the leaves of M. cordata, where AN2 was found being the most toxic against snail O. hupensis with 48h LC50 and LC90 values of AN2 of 6.35mg/L and 121.23mg/L, respectively. Responses of some critical enzymes to AN2, including activities of Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate transaminase (AST), Malic dehydrogenase (MDH) and Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) in both cephalopodium and liver, were also detected through experiments, which also explored esterase isozyme (EST) exposed to AN2 in liver tissue. The results showed that AN2 significantly inhibited the activities of SDH, MDH and esterase isozyme, as AN2 significantly stimulated the activities of ALP, ALT and AST to increase at a low concentration (e.g. 25mg/L), while significantly inhibited the activities of these enzymes at a high concentration (100mg/L). These results indicated that AN2 not only inhibited protein synthesis, and respiratory chain oxidative phosphorylation, but also caused hepatocellular injury and reduced the detoxification ability of liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshan Ke
- School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
| | - Xiong Lin
- School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Zhengshen Yu
- School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Qiqiang Sun
- Research Institute of Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100086, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Research Institute of Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100086, PR China
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Berninger M, Schmidt I, Ponte-Sucre A, Holzgrabe U. Novel lead compounds in pre-clinical development against African sleeping sickness. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1872-1890. [PMID: 30108710 PMCID: PMC6072528 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00280g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as African sleeping sickness, is caused by parasitic protozoa of the genus Trypanosoma. As the disease progresses, the parasites cross the blood brain barrier and are lethal for the patients if the disease is left untreated. Current therapies suffer from several drawbacks due to e.g. toxicity of the respective compounds or resistance to approved antitrypanosomal drugs. In this review, the different strategies of drug development against HAT are considered, namely the target-based approach, the phenotypic high throughput screening and the drug repurposing strategy. The most promising compounds emerging from these approaches entering an in vivo evaluation are mentioned herein. Of note, it may turn out to be difficult to confirm in vitro activity in an animal model of infection; however, possible reasons for the missing efficacy in unsuccessful in vivo studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Berninger
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Ines Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Alicia Ponte-Sucre
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology , Institute of Experimental Medicine , Luis Razetti School of Medicine , Faculty of Medicine , Universidad Central de Venezuela Caracas , Venezuela . Tel: +0931 31 85461
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
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50
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Syahri J, Yuanita E, Nurohmah BA, Armunanto R, Purwono B. Chalcone analogue as potent anti-malarial compounds against Plasmodium falciparum : Synthesis, biological evaluation, and docking simulation study. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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