1
|
Marks JR, Beatty AE, Husak JF, Schwartz TS, Lailvaux SP. Sprint training interacts with body mass to affect hepatic insulin-like growth factor expression in female green anoles (Anolis carolinensis). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 327:114067. [PMID: 35640679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Locomotor performance is a key predictor of fitness in many animal species. As such, locomotion integrates the output of a number of morphological, physiological, and molecular levels of organization, yet relatively little is known regarding the major molecular pathways that bolster locomotor performance. One potentially relevant pathway is the insulin and insulin-like signaling (IIS) network, a significant regulator of physiological processes such as reproduction, growth, and metabolism. Two primary hormones of this network, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) are important mediators of these processes and, consequently, of life-history strategies. We sprint-trained green anole (Anolis carolinensis) females to test the responsiveness of IGF1 and IGF2 hepatic gene expression to exercise training. We also tested how sprint training would affect glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (EEF2). The former is a crucial enzyme for glycolytic function in a cell, and the latter is necessary for protein synthesis. Resistance exercise forces animals to increase investment of resources towards skeletal muscle growth. Because IGF1 and IGF2 are important hormones for growth, and GAPDH and EEF2 are crucial for proper cellular function, we hypothesized that these four genes would be affected by sprint training. We found that sprint training affects IGF and EEF2 expression, such that larger sprint-trained lizards express hepatic IGF1, IGF2, and EEF2 to a lesser extent than similarly sized untrained lizards. These results demonstrate that the IIS, and pathways connected to it, can react in a size-dependent manner and are implicated in the exercise response in reptiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie R Marks
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Dr., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA.
| | - Abby E Beatty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Sciences Bldg, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jerry F Husak
- Department of Biology, University of St. Thomas, St Paul, MN 55105, USA
| | - Tonia S Schwartz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Sciences Bldg, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Simon P Lailvaux
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Dr., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ahn J, Lee J, Kim DH, Hwang IS, Park MR, Cho IC, Hwang S, Lee K. Loss of Monoallelic Expression of IGF2 in the Adult Liver Via Alternative Promoter Usage and Chromatin Reorganization. Front Genet 2022; 13:920641. [PMID: 35938007 PMCID: PMC9355166 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.920641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, genomic imprinting operates via gene silencing mechanisms. Although conservation of the imprinting mechanism at the H19/IGF2 locus has been generally described in pigs, tissue-specific imprinting at the transcript level, monoallelic-to-biallelic conversion, and spatio-temporal chromatin reorganization remain largely uninvestigated. Here, we delineate spatially regulated imprinting of IGF2 transcripts, age-dependent hepatic mono- to biallelic conversion, and reorganization of topologically associating domains at the porcine H19/IGF2 locus for better translation to human and animal research. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of normal and parthenogenetic porcine embryos revealed the paternally hypermethylated H19 differentially methylated region and paternal expression of IGF2. Using a polymorphism-based approach and omics datasets from chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP–seq), whole-genome sequencing (WGS), RNA-seq, and Hi-C, regulation of IGF2 during development was analyzed. Regulatory elements in the liver were distinguished from those in the muscle where the porcine IGF2 transcript was monoallelically expressed. The IGF2 transcript from the liver was biallelically expressed at later developmental stages in both pigs and humans. Chromatin interaction was less frequent in the adult liver compared to the fetal liver and skeletal muscle. The duration of genomic imprinting effects within the H19/IGF2 locus might be reduced in the liver with biallelic conversion through alternative promoter usage and chromatin remodeling. Our integrative omics analyses of genome, epigenome, and transcriptome provided a comprehensive view of imprinting status at the H19/IGF2 cluster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinsoo Ahn
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Joonbum Lee
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Ohio State University Interdisciplinary Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Dong-Hwan Kim
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - In-Sul Hwang
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonbuk, South Korea
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mi-Ryung Park
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - In-Cheol Cho
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Seongsoo Hwang
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Kichoon Lee
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Ohio State University Interdisciplinary Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Kichoon Lee,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
The functional mass of kidney tissue in an adult is an important determinant of human health. Kidney formation during development is an essential determinant of the final nephron endowment of the adult organ, and no evidence has been reported that mice or humans are able to generate new nephrons after the developmental period. Mechanisms controlling organ growth after development are essential to establish the final adult organ size. The potential for organ growth is maintained in adult life and the size of one kidney may be significantly increased by loss of the contralateral kidney. The mouse has provided a model system for investigators to critically explore genetic, cell biological, and hormonal control of developmental and juvenile kidney growth. This article reviews three basic aspects of kidney size regulation: (1) Mechanisms that control nephron formation and how these are altered by the cessation of nephrogenesis at the end of the developmental period. (2) Applicability of the general model for growth hormone-insulin like growth factor control to kidney growth both pre- and postnatally. (3) Commonalities between mechanisms of juvenile kidney growth and the compensatory growth that is stimulated in adult life by reduction of kidney mass. Understanding the mechanisms that determine set-points for cell numbers and size in the kidney may inform ongoing efforts to generate kidney tissue from stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leif Oxburgh
- The Rogosin Institute, New York, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zaletaev DV, Nemtsova MV, Strelnikov VV. Epigenetic Regulation Disturbances on Gene Expression in Imprinting Diseases. Mol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893321050149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
5
|
Senft AD, Macfarlan TS. Transposable elements shape the evolution of mammalian development. Nat Rev Genet 2021; 22:691-711. [PMID: 34354263 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-021-00385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) promote genetic innovation but also threaten genome stability. Despite multiple layers of host defence, TEs actively shape mammalian-specific developmental processes, particularly during pre-implantation and extra-embryonic development and at the maternal-fetal interface. Here, we review how TEs influence mammalian genomes both directly by providing the raw material for genetic change and indirectly via co-evolving TE-binding Krüppel-associated box zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs). Throughout mammalian evolution, individual activities of ancient TEs were co-opted to enable invasive placentation that characterizes live-born mammals. By contrast, the widespread activity of evolutionarily young TEs may reflect an ongoing co-evolution that continues to impact mammalian development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna D Senft
- The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Todd S Macfarlan
- The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kokhmetova A, Rsaliyev A, Malysheva A, Atishova M, Kumarbayeva M, Keishilov Z. Identification of Stripe Rust Resistance Genes in Common Wheat Cultivars and Breeding Lines from Kazakhstan. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112303. [PMID: 34834666 PMCID: PMC8619625 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Stripe (yellow) rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (Pst), is a fungal disease that presents one of the most serious threats to the wheat crops, causing severe yield losses worldwide, including Kazakhstan. The objectives of this study were to: (1) evaluate a winter wheat collection for stripe rust resistance during an adult plant growth stage, (2) identify the presence of selected Yr genes using linked molecular markers in wheat germplasm, (3) identify potentially useful resistant wheat genotypes among leading cultivars and advanced breeding lines. This study evaluated 70 winter wheat genotypes for stripe rust resistance. According to the field reactions, 42 entries (60%) had R or MR reactions including 27 breeding lines (38.6%) and 15 (21.4%) cultivars. Twenty-eight breeding lines/cultivars (40.0%) were susceptible in both years. According to the average coefficient of infection value (ACI) six genotypes were regarded as possessing high level of adult plant resistance. Cultivars/lines carrying Yr10 alone or in combination with other Yr resistance genes provided resistance to stripe rust. Eleven breeding lines showed <5% disease severity in both years. Linked marker analysis revealed the presence of several gene and gene complexes (Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, Yr17/Lr37/Sr38 and Yr18/Lr34). Among a collection of 70 winter wheat breeding lines and cultivars produced in Kazakhstan three stripe rust resistance genes (Yr10, Yr5 and Yr15) demonstrated high frequency occurrence (31.4%, 14.0% and 7.0%, respectively). The most abundant was gene Yr10 identified in 22 genotypes. It was followed by the Yr5 gene, which conferred resistance in 14 lines (20%) and Yr18 gene-11 lines (15.7%). Yr15 was identified in 7 genotypes. Yr17/Lr37/Sr38 gene complex was found in 2 entries. Among 70 evaluated germplasm sources, 42 disease resistant entries are potentially useful resistant wheat genotypes. These carriers of different Yr genes can be used directly in breeding programs to improve stripe rust resistance of winter wheat. Marker-assisted selection can be efficiently applied to develop wheat cultivars with effective gene combinations that would directly assist in developing durable resistance in Kazakhstan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alma Kokhmetova
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (A.M.); (M.A.); (M.K.); (Z.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-727-394-75-52
| | - Aralbek Rsaliyev
- Research Institute of Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan;
| | - Angelina Malysheva
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (A.M.); (M.A.); (M.K.); (Z.K.)
| | - Makpal Atishova
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (A.M.); (M.A.); (M.K.); (Z.K.)
| | - Madina Kumarbayeva
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (A.M.); (M.A.); (M.K.); (Z.K.)
| | - Zhenis Keishilov
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (A.M.); (M.A.); (M.K.); (Z.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chiu Y, Fadadu RP, Gaskins AJ, Rifas‐Shiman SL, Laue HE, Moley KH, Hivert M, Baccarelli A, Oken E, Chavarro JE, Cardenas A. Dietary fat intake during early pregnancy is associated with cord blood DNA methylation at IGF2 and H19 genes in newborns. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2021; 62:388-398. [PMID: 34288135 PMCID: PMC8364885 DOI: 10.1002/em.22452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Maternal fat intake during pregnancy affects fetal growth, but mechanisms underlying this relationship are unclear. We performed an exploratory study of the associations of fat consumption during pregnancy with cord blood DNA methylation of the insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and H19 genes. We used data from 96 uncomplicated full-term pregnancies of mothers of whom majority had normal body mass index (BMI) (66%) in Project Viva, a prospective pre-birth cohort. We assessed maternal diet with validated food frequency questionnaires during the first and second trimesters and measured DNA methylation in segments of the IGF2- and H19-differentially methylated regions (DMRs) by pyrosequencing DNA extracted from umbilical cord blood samples. Mean (SD) age was 32.8 (4.1) years and prepregnancy BMI was 24.0 (4.4) kg/m2 . Mean DNA methylation was 56.3% (3.9%) for IGF2-DMR and 44.6% (1.9%) for H19-DMR. Greater first trimester intake of omega-6 polyunsaturated fat (effect per 1% of calories at the expense of carbohydrates) was associated with lower DNA methylation of IGF2-DMR (-1.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -2.2%, -0.2%) and higher DNA methylation at H19-DMR (0.8%; 95% CI: 0.3%, 1.3%). On the other hand, greater first trimester intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fat was associated with lower DNA methylation of the H19-DMR (-4.3%; 95% CI: -7.9%, -0.8%). We did not find significant associations of IGF2 and H19 methylation with IGF2 cord blood levels. Our findings suggest that early prenatal fat intake (omega-3, omega-6, and saturated fatty acids) may influence DNA methylation at the IGF2 and H19 locus, which could impact fetal development and long-term health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Han Chiu
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard TH Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Raj P. Fadadu
- School of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Division of Environmental Health SciencesUniversity of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Audrey J. Gaskins
- Department of EpidemiologyRollins School of Public Health, Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Sheryl L. Rifas‐Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population MedicineHarvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Hannah E. Laue
- Department of EpidemiologyGeisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth CollegeHanoverNew HampshireUSA
| | - Kelle H. Moley
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Marie‐France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population MedicineHarvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Andrea Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health SciencesMailman School of Public Health, Columbia UniversityNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population MedicineHarvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jorge E. Chavarro
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard TH Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NutritionHarvard TH Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Andres Cardenas
- Division of Environmental Health SciencesUniversity of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Satokar VV, Cutfield WS, Cameron-Smith D, Albert BB. Omega-3 fats in pregnancy: could a targeted approach lead to better metabolic health for children? Nutr Rev 2021; 79:574-584. [PMID: 32974665 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing worldwide, and the children of women who are obese during pregnancy are at greatest risk. This risk may be mediated by exaggeration of the normal insulin resistance of pregnancy. Omega-3 (n-3) fats are insulin sensitizing. Supplementation during pregnancy may reduce metabolic risk and adiposity in the children. Though results from animal studies are encouraging, completed clinical trials have not demonstrated this benefit. However, to our knowledge, previous studies have not targeted women who are overweight or obese while pregnant-the group at greatest risk for insulin resistance and most likely to benefit from n-3. In this narrative review, the importance of performing clinical trials restricted to women who are overweight or obese is discussed, as is the potential importance of n-3 dose, oil source and quality, and the timing of the intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vidit V Satokar
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wayne S Cutfield
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,A Better Start - National Science Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Benjamin B Albert
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,A Better Start - National Science Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liao J, Zeng TB, Pierce N, Tran DA, Singh P, Mann JR, Szabó PE. Prenatal correction of IGF2 to rescue the growth phenotypes in mouse models of Beckwith-Wiedemann and Silver-Russell syndromes. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108729. [PMID: 33567274 PMCID: PMC7968144 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) are imprinting disorders manifesting as aberrant fetal growth and severe postnatal-growth-related complications. Based on the insulator model, one-third of BWS cases and two-thirds of SRS cases are consistent with misexpression of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), an important facilitator of fetal growth. We propose that the IGF2-dependent BWS and SRS cases can be identified by prenatal diagnosis and can be prevented by prenatal intervention targeting IGF2. We test this hypothesis using our mouse models of IGF2-dependent BWS and SRS. We find that genetically normalizing IGF2 levels in a double rescue experiment corrects the fetal overgrowth phenotype in the BWS model and the growth retardation in the SRS model. In addition, we pharmacologically rescue the BWS growth phenotype by reducing IGF2 signaling during late gestation. This animal study encourages clinical investigations to target IGF2 for prenatal diagnosis and prenatal prevention in human BWS and SRS. Liao et al. use mouse models to test a prenatal approach for correcting growth anomalies in two imprinting diseases, BWS and SRS. They find that cases where the fetal growth factor IGF2 is misregulated can be diagnosed, and growth can be corrected by prenatally adjusting IGF2 or its signaling output.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Liao
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Tie-Bo Zeng
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Nicholas Pierce
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Diana A Tran
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Irell and Manella Graduate School, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Purnima Singh
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Mann
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Piroska E Szabó
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Forbes BE, Blyth AJ, Wit JM. Disorders of IGFs and IGF-1R signaling pathways. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:111035. [PMID: 32941924 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system comprises two ligands, IGF-I and IGF-II, that regulate multiple physiological processes, including mammalian development, metabolism and growth, through the type 1 IGF receptor (IGF-1R). The growth hormone (GH)-IGF-I axis is the major regulator of longitudinal growth. IGF-II is expressed in many tissues, notably the placenta, to regulate human pre- and post-natal growth and development. This review provides a brief introduction to the IGF system and summarizes findings from reports arising from recent larger genomic sequencing studies of human genetic mutations in IGF1 and IGF2 and genes of proteins regulating IGF action, namely the IGF-1R, IGF-1R signaling pathway components and the IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). A perspective on the effect of homozygous mutations on structure and function of the IGFs and IGF-1R is also given and this is related to the effects on growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Briony E Forbes
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Australia.
| | - Andrew J Blyth
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Australia
| | - Jan M Wit
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wanigasuriya I, Gouil Q, Kinkel SA, Tapia Del Fierro A, Beck T, Roper EA, Breslin K, Stringer J, Hutt K, Lee HJ, Keniry A, Ritchie ME, Blewitt ME. Smchd1 is a maternal effect gene required for genomic imprinting. eLife 2020; 9:55529. [PMID: 33186096 PMCID: PMC7665889 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting establishes parental allele-biased expression of a suite of mammalian genes based on parent-of-origin specific epigenetic marks. These marks are under the control of maternal effect proteins supplied in the oocyte. Here we report epigenetic repressor Smchd1 as a novel maternal effect gene that regulates the imprinted expression of ten genes in mice. We also found zygotic SMCHD1 had a dose-dependent effect on the imprinted expression of seven genes. Together, zygotic and maternal SMCHD1 regulate three classic imprinted clusters and eight other genes, including non-canonical imprinted genes. Interestingly, the loss of maternal SMCHD1 does not alter germline DNA methylation imprints pre-implantation or later in gestation. Instead, what appears to unite most imprinted genes sensitive to SMCHD1 is their reliance on polycomb-mediated methylation as germline or secondary imprints, therefore we propose that SMCHD1 acts downstream of polycomb imprints to mediate its function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iromi Wanigasuriya
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,The Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Quentin Gouil
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,The Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sarah A Kinkel
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,The Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Andrés Tapia Del Fierro
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,The Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Tamara Beck
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ellise A Roper
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Kelsey Breslin
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jessica Stringer
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Karla Hutt
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Heather J Lee
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Andrew Keniry
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,The Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Matthew E Ritchie
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,The Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,The Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Marnie E Blewitt
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,The Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chang S, Bartolomei MS. Modeling human epigenetic disorders in mice: Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and Silver-Russell syndrome. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm044123. [PMID: 32424032 PMCID: PMC7272347 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.044123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting, a phenomenon in which the two parental alleles are regulated differently, is observed in mammals, marsupials and a few other species, including seed-bearing plants. Dysregulation of genomic imprinting can cause developmental disorders such as Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS). In this Review, we discuss (1) how various (epi)genetic lesions lead to the dysregulation of clinically relevant imprinted loci, and (2) how such perturbations may contribute to the developmental defects in BWS and SRS. Given that the regulatory mechanisms of most imprinted clusters are well conserved between mice and humans, numerous mouse models of BWS and SRS have been generated. These mouse models are key to understanding how mutations at imprinted loci result in pathological phenotypes in humans, although there are some limitations. This Review focuses on how the biological findings obtained from innovative mouse models explain the clinical features of BWS and SRS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suhee Chang
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marisa S Bartolomei
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Venot Q, Canaud G. [Segmental overgrowth syndromes and therapeutic strategies]. Med Sci (Paris) 2020; 36:235-242. [PMID: 32228842 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Overgrowth syndromes are a large group of rare disorders characterized by generalized or segmental excessive growth. Segmental overgrowth syndromes are mainly due to genetic anomalies appearing during the embryogenesis and leading to mosaicism. The numbers of patients with segmental overgrowth with an identified molecular defect has dramatically increased following the recent advances in molecular genetic using next-generation sequencing approaches. This review discusses various syndromes and pathways involved in segmental overgrowth syndromes and presents actual and future therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quitterie Venot
- Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Canaud
- Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France - Service d'Hypercroissance Pathologique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France - Université de Paris, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kadota Y, Jam FA, Yukiue H, Terakado I, Morimune T, Tano A, Tanaka Y, Akahane S, Fukumura M, Tooyama I, Mori M. Srsf7 Establishes the Juvenile Transcriptome through Age-Dependent Alternative Splicing in Mice. iScience 2020; 23:100929. [PMID: 32146325 PMCID: PMC7063262 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The juvenile phase is characterized by continuously progressing physiological processes such as growth and maturation, which are accompanied by transitions in gene expression. The contribution of transcriptome dynamics to the establishment of juvenile properties remains unclear. Here, we investigated alternative splicing (AS) events in postnatal growth and elucidated the landscape of age-dependent alternative splicing (ADAS) in C57BL/6 mice. Our analysis of ADAS in the cerebral cortex, cardiomyocytes, and hepatocytes revealed numerous juvenile-specific splicing isoforms that shape the juvenile transcriptome, which in turn functions as a basis for the highly anabolic status of juvenile cells. Mechanistically, the juvenile-expressed splicing factor Srsf7 mediates ADAS, as exemplified by switching from juvenile to adult forms of anabolism-associated genes Eif4a2 and Rbm7. Suppression of Srsf7 results in “fast-forwarding” of this transcriptome transition, causing impaired anabolism and growth in mice. Thus, juvenile-specific AS is indispensable for the anabolic state of juveniles and differentiates juveniles from adults. Age-dependent alternative splicing (ADAS) was determined in mice Srsf7 depletion causes loss of cellular juvenescence Srsf7 mutation causes a shift from juvenile to adult-type transcriptome Srsf7 promotes juvenile growth and anabolism through ADAS
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Kadota
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center (MNRC), Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Faidruz Azura Jam
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center (MNRC), Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Haruka Yukiue
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center (MNRC), Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Ichiro Terakado
- Research Center for Animal Life Science (RCALS), Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Takao Morimune
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center (MNRC), Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Ayami Tano
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center (MNRC), Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yuya Tanaka
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center (MNRC), Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Sayumi Akahane
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center (MNRC), Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Mayu Fukumura
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center (MNRC), Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center (MNRC), Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center (MNRC), Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gailhouste L, Liew LC, Yasukawa K, Hatada I, Tanaka Y, Kato T, Nakagama H, Ochiya T. MEG3-derived miR-493-5p overcomes the oncogenic feature of IGF2-miR-483 loss of imprinting in hepatic cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:553. [PMID: 31320614 PMCID: PMC6639415 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1788-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have described the critical role played by microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer progression and the potential of these small non-coding RNAs for diagnostic or therapeutic applications. However, the mechanisms responsible for the altered expression of miRNAs in malignant cells remain poorly understood. Herein, via epigenetic unmasking, we identified a group of miRNAs located in the imprinted delta like non-canonical Notch ligand 1 (DLK1)-maternally expressed 3 (MEG3) locus that were repressed in hepatic tumor cells. Notably, miR-493-5p epigenetic silencing was correlated with hypermethylation of the MEG3 differentially regulated region (DMR) in liver cancer cell lines and tumor tissues from patients. Experimental rescue of miR-493-5p promoted an anti-cancer response by hindering hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell growth in vitro and tumor progression in vivo. We found that miR-493-5p mediated part of its tumor-suppressor activity by abrogating overexpression of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and the IGF2-derived intronic oncomir miR-483-3p in HCC cells characterized by IGF2 loss of imprinting (LOI). In summary, this study describes an unknown miRNA-dependent regulatory mechanism between two distinct imprinted loci and a possible therapeutic window for liver cancer patients exhibiting IGF2-miR-483 LOI and amplification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luc Gailhouste
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan. .,Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Lee Chuen Liew
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Yasukawa
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nakagama
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pancreatic islet cell transplantation is currently the only curative cell therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, its potential to treat many more patients is limited by several challenges. The emergence of 3D bioprinting technology from recent advances in 3D printing, biomaterials, and cell biology has provided the means to overcome these challenges. RECENT FINDINGS 3D bioprinting allows for the precise fabrication of complex 3D architectures containing spatially distributed cells, biomaterials (bioink), and bioactive factors. Different strategies to capitalize on this ability have been investigated for the 3D bioprinting of pancreatic islets. In particular, with co-axial bioprinting technology, the co-printability of islets with supporting cells such as endothelial progenitor cells and regulatory T cells, which have been shown to accelerate revascularization of islets and improve the outcome of various transplantations, respectively, has been achieved. 3D bioprinting of islets for generation of an artificial pancreas is a newly emerging field of study with a vast potential to improve islet transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juewan Kim
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Kyungwon Kang
- Discipline of Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Christopher J Drogemuller
- Discipline of Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service (CNARTS), The Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Gordon G Wallace
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterial Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - P Toby Coates
- Discipline of Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service (CNARTS), The Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kim JY, Youn HY, Pfeifer K, Eun B. Paternal bias expression of Igf2as is enhancer-dependent on the imprinting cluster of Igf2, H19 and Nctc1 in muscle cells. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2019; 23:288-293. [PMID: 31489250 PMCID: PMC6711144 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2019.1612780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Igf2, H19, and Nctc1 are linked co-regulated genes on distal mouse chromosome 7. This locus is an important model both for studying mechanisms of monoallelic expression and for elucidating the role of cis-regulatory elements – enhancers and insulators – in organizing chromatin and gene expression across a large domain. In this study we characterize regulated expression of the Igf2 antisense transcript (Igf2as) in primary muscle cells. We demonstrate that Igf2as is imprinted (expressed only from the paternal chromosome). We also show that Igf2as expression during differentiation follows the same patterns as Igf2 and H19. Moreover, this expression is dependent upon the same shared enhancer element. Thus, our work shows that the imprinted cluster includes Igf2as in addition to H19, Igf2, and Nctc1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Young Kim
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hwa Young Youn
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Karl Pfeifer
- National Institute of Child Health and Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Bokkee Eun
- Core-Laboratory for Convergent Translational Research, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xiang G, Ren J, Hai T, Fu R, Yu D, Wang J, Li W, Wang H, Zhou Q. Editing porcine IGF2 regulatory element improved meat production in Chinese Bama pigs. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:4619-4628. [PMID: 30259067 PMCID: PMC11105340 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2917-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is an important growth factor, which promotes growth and development in mammals during fetal and postnatal stages. Using CRISPR-Cas9 system, we generated multiple founder pigs containing 12 different mutant alleles around a regulatory element within the intron 3 of IGF2 gene. Crossing two male founders passed four mutant alleles onto F1 generation, and these mutations abolished repressor ZBED6 binding and rendered this regulatory element nonfunctional. Both founders and F1 animals showed significantly faster growth, without affecting meat quality. These results indicated that editing IGF2 intron 3-3072 site using CRISPR-Cas9 technology improved meat production in Bama pigs. This is the first demonstration that editing non-coding region can improve economic traits in livestock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghai Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jilong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tang Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Rui Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Dawei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal university, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Haoyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
He T, Zhu J, Wang J, Ren X, Cheng G, Liu X, Ma Q, Zhang Y, Li Z, Ba Y. Ambient air pollution, H19/DMR methylation in cord blood and newborn size: A pilot study in Zhengzhou City, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 212:863-871. [PMID: 30193235 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to air pollutants is believed to be associated with adverse birth outcomes. However, the potential mechanisms, especially the epigenetic modified effects, still remain unclear. This study was designed to explore the association of air pollution, H19/DMR methylation levels, and birth weight and length. A total of 527 mother-infant pairs were recruited from Houzhai Center Hospital, Zhengzhou. Air pollution data during the study period was collected. The methylation at H19 promoter region and H19 DMR in maternal and cord bloods were determined using real-time PCR analysis. Ridge regression was used to analyze the association of air pollutants exposure during gestation with H19/DMR methylation and birth weight and length respectively. Results showed that prenatal exposure to NO2 was associated with higher H19 methylation in cord blood. Whereas SO2 and PM10 exposure were associated with lower H19 and H19 DMR methylation respectively. After stratification by pregnancy trimesters, the association of H19 methylation in cord blood with PM10 exposure also was found. Furthermore, prenatal exposures to air pollutants also were associated with birth weight and length. Specifically, with the increase of maternal SO2 exposure during the entire pregnancy, birth weight and length significantly decreased. While birth weight and birth length were significantly increased with NO2 exposure. The stratified analysis also found the associations between PM10 exposure and birth sizes in different trimesters. In conclusion, the gene methylation level in cord blood might be associated with prenatal environmental exposures. Birth weight and length were associated with both prenatal environmental exposures and genetic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongkun He
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xinmin Ren
- The Puyang People's Hospital, Puyang, Henan 457099, China
| | - Guomei Cheng
- The Third Affiliate Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xiaoxue Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yue Ba
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lotfi CFP, Kremer JL, dos Santos Passaia B, Cavalcante IP. The human adrenal cortex: growth control and disorders. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2018; 73:e473s. [PMID: 30208164 PMCID: PMC6113920 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2018/e473s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes key knowledge regarding the development, growth, and growth disorders of the adrenal cortex from a molecular perspective. The adrenal gland consists of two distinct regions: the cortex and the medulla. During embryological development and transition to the adult adrenal gland, the adrenal cortex acquires three different structural and functional zones. Significant progress has been made in understanding the signaling and molecules involved during adrenal cortex zonation. Equally significant is the knowledge obtained regarding the action of peptide factors involved in the maintenance of zonation of the adrenal cortex, such as peptides derived from proopiomelanocortin processing, adrenocorticotropin and N-terminal proopiomelanocortin. Findings regarding the development, maintenance and growth of the adrenal cortex and the molecular factors involved has improved the scientific understanding of disorders that affect adrenal cortex growth. Hypoplasia, hyperplasia and adrenocortical tumors, including adult and pediatric adrenocortical adenomas and carcinomas, are described together with findings regarding molecular and pathway alterations. Comprehensive genomic analyses of adrenocortical tumors have shown gene expression profiles associated with malignancy as well as methylation alterations and the involvement of miRNAs. These findings provide a new perspective on the diagnosis, therapeutic possibilities and prognosis of adrenocortical disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudimara Ferini Pacicco Lotfi
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Jean Lucas Kremer
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Barbara dos Santos Passaia
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Isadora Pontes Cavalcante
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hajihoseini Z, Eghbalsaied S. Simultaneous effects of IGF1 and Fadrozole on parthenogenesis and pluripotency markers in chicken embryo. Theriogenology 2018; 114:317-323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
22
|
Yakar S, Werner H, Rosen CJ. Insulin-like growth factors: actions on the skeleton. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 61:T115-T137. [PMID: 29626053 PMCID: PMC5966339 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the growth hormone (GH)-mediated somatic factors (somatomedins), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and -II, has elicited an enormous interest primarily among endocrinologists who study growth and metabolism. The advancement of molecular endocrinology over the past four decades enables investigators to re-examine and refine the established somatomedin hypothesis. Specifically, gene deletions, transgene overexpression or more recently, cell-specific gene-ablations, have enabled investigators to study the effects of the Igf1 and Igf2 genes in temporal and spatial manners. The GH/IGF axis, acting in an endocrine and autocrine/paracrine fashion, is the major axis controlling skeletal growth. Studies in rodents have clearly shown that IGFs regulate bone length of the appendicular skeleton evidenced by changes in chondrocytes of the proliferative and hypertrophic zones of the growth plate. IGFs affect radial bone growth and regulate cortical and trabecular bone properties via their effects on osteoblast, osteocyte and osteoclast function. Interactions of the IGFs with sex steroid hormones and the parathyroid hormone demonstrate the significance and complexity of the IGF axis in the skeleton. Finally, IGFs have been implicated in skeletal aging. Decreases in serum IGFs during aging have been correlated with reductions in bone mineral density and increased fracture risk. This review highlights many of the most relevant studies in the IGF research landscape, focusing in particular on IGFs effects on the skeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoshana Yakar
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010-4086, USA
| | - Haim Werner
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hunter RW, Liu Y, Manjunath H, Acharya A, Jones BT, Zhang H, Chen B, Ramalingam H, Hammer RE, Xie Y, Richardson JA, Rakheja D, Carroll TJ, Mendell JT. Loss of Dis3l2 partially phenocopies Perlman syndrome in mice and results in up-regulation of Igf2 in nephron progenitor cells. Genes Dev 2018; 32:903-908. [PMID: 29950491 PMCID: PMC6075040 DOI: 10.1101/gad.315804.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Loss of function of the DIS3L2 exoribonuclease is associated with Wilms tumor and the Perlman congenital overgrowth syndrome. Here, Hunter et al.’s analysis of Dis3l2-null nephron progenitor cells reveals up-regulation of Igf2, a growth-promoting gene strongly associated with Wilms tumorigenesis. Loss of function of the DIS3L2 exoribonuclease is associated with Wilms tumor and the Perlman congenital overgrowth syndrome. LIN28, a Wilms tumor oncoprotein, triggers the DIS3L2-mediated degradation of the precursor of let-7, a microRNA that inhibits Wilms tumor development. These observations have led to speculation that DIS3L2-mediated tumor suppression is attributable to let-7 regulation. Here we examine new DIS3L2-deficient cell lines and mouse models, demonstrating that DIS3L2 loss has no effect on mature let-7 levels. Rather, analysis of Dis3l2-null nephron progenitor cells, a potential cell of origin of Wilms tumors, reveals up-regulation of Igf2, a growth-promoting gene strongly associated with Wilms tumorigenesis. These findings nominate a new potential mechanism underlying the pathology associated with DIS3L2 deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W Hunter
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Yangjian Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Hema Manjunath
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Asha Acharya
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Benjamin T Jones
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Beibei Chen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Harini Ramalingam
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Robert E Hammer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - James A Richardson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Dinesh Rakheja
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Health, Dallas, Texas 75235, USA
| | - Thomas J Carroll
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Joshua T Mendell
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
The Glucose-Regulated MiR-483-3p Influences Key Signaling Pathways in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10060181. [PMID: 29867024 PMCID: PMC6025222 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hsa-mir-483 gene, located within the IGF2 locus, transcribes for two mature microRNAs, miR-483-5p and miR-483-3p. This gene, whose regulation is mediated by the the CTNNB1/USF1 complex, shows an independent expression from its host gene IGF2. The miR-483-3p affects the Wnt/β-catenin, the TGF-β, and the TP53 signaling pathways by targeting several genes as CTNNB1, SMAD4, IGF1, and BBC3. Accordingly, miR-483-3p is associated with various tissues specific physiological properties as insulin and melanin production, as well as with cellular physiological functions such as wounding, differentiation, proliferation, and survival. Deregulation of miR-483-3p is observed in different types of cancer, and its overexpression can inhibit the pro-apoptotic pathway induced by the TP53 target effectors. As a result, the oncogenic characteristics of miR-483-3p are linked to the effect of some of the most relevant cancer-related genes, TP53 and CTNNB1, as well as to one of the most important cancer hallmark: the aberrant glucose metabolism of tumor cells. In this review, we summarize the recent findings regarding the miR-483-3p, to elucidate its functional role in physiological and pathological contexts, focusing overall on its involvement in cancer and in the TP53 pathway.
Collapse
|
25
|
How to make a tongue: Cellular and molecular regulation of muscle and connective tissue formation during mammalian tongue development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 91:45-54. [PMID: 29784581 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate tongue is a complex muscular organ situated in the oral cavity and involved in multiple functions including mastication, taste sensation, articulation and the maintenance of oral health. Although the gross embryological contributions to tongue formation have been known for many years, it is only relatively recently that the molecular pathways regulating these processes have begun to be discovered. In particular, there is now evidence that the Hedgehog, TGF-Beta, Wnt and Notch signaling pathways all play an important role in mediating appropriate signaling interactions between the epithelial, cranial neural crest and mesodermal cell populations that are required to form the tongue. In humans, a number of congenital abnormalities that affect gross morphology of the tongue have also been described, occurring in isolation or as part of a developmental syndrome, which can greatly impact on the health and well-being of affected individuals. These anomalies can range from an absence of tongue formation (aglossia) through to diminutive (microglossia), enlarged (macroglossia) or bifid tongue. Here, we present an overview of the gross anatomy and embryology of mammalian tongue development, focusing on the molecular processes underlying formation of the musculature and connective tissues within this organ. We also survey the clinical presentation of tongue anomalies seen in human populations, whilst considering their developmental and genetic etiology.
Collapse
|
26
|
Park KS, Mitra A, Rahat B, Kim K, Pfeifer K. Loss of imprinting mutations define both distinct and overlapping roles for misexpression of IGF2 and of H19 lncRNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 45:12766-12779. [PMID: 29244185 PMCID: PMC5727439 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Imprinted genes occur in discrete clusters that are coordinately regulated by shared DNA elements called Imprinting Control Regions. H19 and Igf2 are linked imprinted genes that play critical roles in development. Loss of imprinting (LOI) at the IGF2/H19 locus on the maternal chromosome is associated with the developmental disorder Beckwith Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS) and with several cancers. Here we use comprehensive genetic and genomic analyses to follow muscle development in a mouse model of BWS to dissect the separate and shared roles for misexpression of Igf2 and H19 in the disease phenotype. We show that LOI results in defects in muscle differentiation and hypertrophy and identify primary downstream targets: Igf2 overexpression results in over-activation of MAPK signaling while loss of H19 lncRNA prevents normal down regulation of p53 activity and therefore results in reduced AKT/mTOR signaling. Moreover, we demonstrate instances where H19 and Igf2 misexpression work separately, cooperatively, and antagonistically to establish the developmental phenotype. This study thus identifies new biochemical roles for the H19 lncRNA and underscores that LOI phenotypes are multigenic so that complex interactions will contribute to disease outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Sun Park
- Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Apratim Mitra
- Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Beenish Rahat
- Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Keekwang Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Karl Pfeifer
- Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
White V, Jawerbaum A, Mazzucco MB, Gauster M, Desoye G, Hiden U. IGF2 stimulates fetal growth in a sex- and organ-dependent manner. Pediatr Res 2018; 83:183-189. [PMID: 28910276 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundInsulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is a key determinant of fetal growth, and the altered expression of IGF2 is implicated in fetal growth disorders and maternal metabolic derangements including gestational diabetes. Here we studied how increased levels of IGF2 in late pregnancy affect fetal growth.MethodsWe employed a rat model of repeated intrafetal IGF2 administration in late pregnancy, i.e., during GD19-GD21, and measured the consequences on fetal organ weight and expression of insulin/IGF-axis components.ResultsIGF2 treatment tended to increase fetal weight, but only weight increase of the fetal stomach reached significance (+33±9%; P<0.01). Sex-dependent data analysis revealed a sexual dimorphism of IGF2 action. In male fetuses, IGF2 administration significantly increased fetal weight (+13±3%; P<0.05) and weight of fetal stomach (+42±10%; P<0.01), intestine (+26±5%; P<0.05), liver (+13±4%; P<0.05), and pancreas (+25±8%; P<0.05). Weights of heart, lungs, and kidneys were unchanged. In female fetuses, IGF2 increased only stomach weight (+26±9%; P<0.05). Furthermore, gene expression of insulin/IGF axis in the heart, lungs, liver, and stomach was more sensitive toward IGF2 treatment in male than in female fetuses.ConclusionData suggest that elevated circulating IGF2 in late pregnancy predominantly stimulates organ growth of the digestive system, and male fetuses are more susceptible toward the IGF2 effects than female fetuses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica White
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, Center for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies, CEFyBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Jawerbaum
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, Center for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies, CEFyBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Belen Mazzucco
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, Center for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies, CEFyBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martin Gauster
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ursula Hiden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Belfiore A, Malaguarnera R, Vella V, Lawrence MC, Sciacca L, Frasca F, Morrione A, Vigneri R. Insulin Receptor Isoforms in Physiology and Disease: An Updated View. Endocr Rev 2017; 38:379-431. [PMID: 28973479 PMCID: PMC5629070 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The insulin receptor (IR) gene undergoes differential splicing that generates two IR isoforms, IR-A and IR-B. The physiological roles of IR isoforms are incompletely understood and appear to be determined by their different binding affinities for insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), particularly for IGF-2. Predominant roles of IR-A in prenatal growth and development and of IR-B in metabolic regulation are well established. However, emerging evidence indicates that the differential expression of IR isoforms may also help explain the diversification of insulin and IGF signaling and actions in various organs and tissues by involving not only different ligand-binding affinities but also different membrane partitioning and trafficking and possibly different abilities to interact with a variety of molecular partners. Of note, dysregulation of the IR-A/IR-B ratio is associated with insulin resistance, aging, and increased proliferative activity of normal and neoplastic tissues and appears to sustain detrimental effects. This review discusses novel information that has generated remarkable progress in our understanding of the physiology of IR isoforms and their role in disease. We also focus on novel IR ligands and modulators that should now be considered as an important strategy for better and safer treatment of diabetes and cancer and possibly other IR-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Malaguarnera
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Veronica Vella
- School of Human and Social Sciences, University Kore of Enna, via della Cooperazione, 94100 Enna, Italy
| | - Michael C. Lawrence
- Structural Biology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Laura Sciacca
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Frasca
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Morrione
- Department of Urology and Biology of Prostate Cancer Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Riccardo Vigneri
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Penny MK, Finco I, Hammer GD. Cell signaling pathways in the adrenal cortex: Links to stem/progenitor biology and neoplasia. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 445:42-54. [PMID: 27940298 PMCID: PMC5508551 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The adrenal cortex is a dynamic tissue responsible for the synthesis of steroid hormones, including mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens in humans. Advances have been made in understanding the role of adrenocortical stem/progenitor cell populations in cortex homeostasis and self-renewal. Recently, large molecular profiling studies of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) have given insights into proteins and signaling pathways involved in normal tissue homeostasis that become dysregulated in cancer. These data provide an impetus to examine the cellular pathways implicated in adrenocortical disease and study connections, or lack thereof, between adrenal homeostasis and tumorigenesis, with a particular focus on stem and progenitor cell pathways. In this review, we discuss evidence for stem/progenitor cells in the adrenal cortex, proteins and signaling pathways that may regulate these cells, and the role these proteins play in pathologic and neoplastic conditions. In turn, we also examine common perturbations in adrenocortical tumors (ACT) and how these proteins and pathways may be involved in adrenal homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan K Penny
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Isabella Finco
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gary D Hammer
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Endocrine Oncology Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Health System, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, 1528 BSRB, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chen YF, Day CH, Lee NH, Chen YF, Yang JJ, Lin CH, Chen RJ, Rajendran P, Viswanadha VP, Huang CY. Tanshinone IIA Inhibits β-Catenin Nuclear Translocation and IGF-2R Activation via Estrogen Receptors to Suppress Angiotensin II-Induced H9c2 Cardiomyoblast Cell Apoptosis. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:1284-1291. [PMID: 29104486 PMCID: PMC5666563 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.20396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy involves changes in the myocardial ultra-structure, hypertrophy, apoptosis, fibrosis and inflammation. Angiotensin II (AngII) stimulates the expression of insulin like-growth factors (IGF-2) and IGF-2 receptor (IGF-2R) in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts and subsequently leads to apoptosis. Estrogen receptors protect cardiomyocytes from apoptosis and fibrosis. Tanshinone IIA (TSN), a main active ingredient from Danshen, has been shown to protect cardiomyocytes from death caused by different stress signals. Estrogen receptor α (ER) is required for the rapid activation of the IGF-1R signaling cascade. This study aimed to investigate whether TSN protected H9c2 cardiomyocytes from AngII-induced activation of IGF-2R pathway and hypertrophy via ERs. We found that AngII caused the reduction in IGF-1R phosphorylation and the elevation of β-catenin and IGF-2R levels. This was reversed by increasing doses of TSN and of caspase-3 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation mediated by ERs. The phytoestrogen significantly attenuated AngII-induced apoptosis and suppressed the subsequent cardiac remodeling effect. Therefore, TSN reduced the AngII-induced activation of β-catenin and IGF-2R pathways, apoptosis and cardiac remodeling via ERs in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taichung Veteran's General Hospital, Taichung 40705,Taiwan
| | | | - Nien-Hung Lee
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Chen
- Section of Cardiology, Yuan Rung Hospital, Yuanlin, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Ji Yang
- 5Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Oral Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung40201, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsueh Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei11031, Taiwan
| | - Peramaiyan Rajendran
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kleinridders A. Deciphering Brain Insulin Receptor and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor Signalling. J Neuroendocrinol 2016; 28:10.1111/jne.12433. [PMID: 27631195 PMCID: PMC5129466 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Insulin receptor (IR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) are highly conserved receptor tyrosine kinases that share signalling proteins and are ubiquitously expressed in the brain. Central application of insulin or IGF1 exerts several similar physiological outcomes, varying in strength, whereas disruption of the corresponding receptors in the brain leads to remarkably different effects on brain size and physiology, thus highlighting the unique effects of the corresponding hormone receptors. Central insulin/IGF1 resistance impacts upon various levels of the IR/IGF1R signalling pathways and is a feature of the metabolic syndrome and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. The intricacy of brain insulin and IGF1 signalling represents a challenge for the identification of specific IR and IGF1R signalling differences in pathophysiological conditions. The present perspective sheds light on signalling differences and methodologies for specifically deciphering brain IR and IGF1R signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Kleinridders
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam‐RehbrueckeCentral Regulation of MetabolismNuthetalGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)NeuherbergGermany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li Y, Xie C, Murphy SK, Skaar D, Nye M, Vidal AC, Cecil KM, Dietrich KN, Puga A, Jirtle RL, Hoyo C. Lead Exposure during Early Human Development and DNA Methylation of Imprinted Gene Regulatory Elements in Adulthood. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:666-73. [PMID: 26115033 PMCID: PMC4858407 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead exposure during early development causes neurodevelopmental disorders by unknown mechanisms. Epidemiologic studies have focused recently on determining associations between lead exposure and global DNA methylation; however, such approaches preclude the identification of loci that may alter human disease risk. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine whether maternal, postnatal, and early childhood lead exposure can alter the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) that control the monoallelic expression of imprinted genes involved in metabolism, growth, and development. METHODS Questionnaire data and serial blood lead levels were obtained from 105 participants (64 females, 41 males) of the Cincinnati Lead Study from birth to 78 months. When participants were adults, we used Sequenom EpiTYPER assays to test peripheral blood DNA to quantify CpG methylation in peripheral blood leukocytes at DMRs of 22 human imprinted genes. Statistical analyses were conducted using linear regression. RESULTS Mean blood lead concentration from birth to 78 months was associated with a significant decrease in PEG3 DMR methylation (β = -0.0014; 95% CI: -0.0023, -0.0005, p = 0.002), stronger in males (β = -0.0024; 95% CI: -0.0038, -0.0009, p = 0.003) than in females (β = -0.0009; 95% CI: -0.0020, 0.0003, p = 0.1). Elevated mean childhood blood lead concentration was also associated with a significant decrease in IGF2/H19 (β = -0.0013; 95% CI: -0.0023, -0.0003, p = 0.01) DMR methylation, but primarily in females, (β = -0.0017; 95% CI: -0.0029, -0.0006, p = 0.005) rather than in males, (β = -0.0004; 95% CI: -0.0023, 0.0015, p = 0.7). Elevated blood lead concentration during the neonatal period was associated with higher PLAGL1/HYMAI DMR methylation regardless of sex (β = 0.0075; 95% CI: 0.0018, 0.0132, p = 0.01). The magnitude of associations between cumulative lead exposure and CpG methylation remained unaltered from 30 to 78 months. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence that early childhood lead exposure results in sex-dependent and gene-specific DNA methylation differences in the DMRs of PEG3, IGF2/H19, and PLAGL1/HYMAI in adulthood. CITATION Li Y, Xie C, Murphy SK, Skaar D, Nye M, Vidal AC, Cecil KM, Dietrich KN, Puga A, Jirtle RL, Hoyo C. 2016. Lead exposure during early human development and DNA methylation of imprinted gene regulatory elements in adulthood. Environ Health Perspect 124:666-673; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408577.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, and
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Changchun Xie
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Environmental Health, Center for Clinical and Translational Science and Training, University of Cincinnati (UC), Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Susan K. Murphy
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, and
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David Skaar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University (NCSU), Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Monica Nye
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adriana C. Vidal
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, and
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kim M. Cecil
- Cincinnati Children’s Environmental Health Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, UC College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Radiology,
- Department of Pediatrics,
- Department of Environmental Health,
- Center for Environmental Genetics, and
| | - Kim N. Dietrich
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UC College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Alvaro Puga
- Department of Environmental Health,
- Center for Environmental Genetics, and
| | - Randy L. Jirtle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University (NCSU), Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Institute of Sport and Physical Activity Research, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
- Address correspondence to C. Hoyo, Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment (CHHE), Program of Epidemiology and Environmental Epigenomics, North Carolina State University (NCSU), Raleigh, NC 27695-7633 USA. Telephone: (919) 515-0540. E-mail: , or R.L. Jirtle, Department of Biological Sciences, CHHE, NCSU, Raleigh, NC 27695-7633 USA. Telephone: (919) 399-3342. E-mail:
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, and
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University (NCSU), Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Address correspondence to C. Hoyo, Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment (CHHE), Program of Epidemiology and Environmental Epigenomics, North Carolina State University (NCSU), Raleigh, NC 27695-7633 USA. Telephone: (919) 515-0540. E-mail: , or R.L. Jirtle, Department of Biological Sciences, CHHE, NCSU, Raleigh, NC 27695-7633 USA. Telephone: (919) 399-3342. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kessler SM, Laggai S, Van Wonterg E, Gemperlein K, Müller R, Haybaeck J, Vandenbroucke RE, Ogris M, Libert C, Kiemer AK. Transient Hepatic Overexpression of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 Induces Free Cholesterol and Lipid Droplet Formation. Front Physiol 2016; 7:147. [PMID: 27199763 PMCID: PMC4843762 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) has been reported to be overexpressed in steatosis and steatohepatitis, a causal role of IGF2 in steatosis development remains elusive. Aim of our study was to decipher the role of IGF2 in steatosis development. Hydrodynamic gene delivery of an Igf2 plasmid used for transient Igf2 overexpression employing codon-optimized plasmid DNA resulted in a strong induction of hepatic Igf2 expression. The exogenously delivered Igf2 had no influence on endogenous Igf2 expression. The downstream kinase AKT was activated in Igf2 animals. Decreased ALT levels mirrored the cytoprotective effect of IGF2. Serum cholesterol was increased and sulfo-phospho-vanillin colorimetric assay confirmed lipid accumulation in Igf2-livers while no signs of inflammation were observed. Interestingly, hepatic cholesterol and phospholipids, determined by thin layer chromatography, and free cholesterol by filipin staining, were specifically increased. Lipid droplet (LD) size was not changed, but their number was significantly elevated. Furthermore, free cholesterol, which can be stored in LDs and has been reported to be critical for steatosis progression, was elevated in Igf2 overexpressing mice. Accordingly, Hmgcr/HmgCoAR was upregulated. To have a closer look at de novo lipid synthesis we investigated expression of the lipogenic transcription factor SREBF1 and its target genes. SREBF1 was induced and also SREBF1 target genes were slightly upregulated. Interestingly, the expression of Cpt1a, which is responsible for mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, was induced. Hepatic IGF2 expression induces a fatty liver, characterized by increased cholesterol and phospholipids leading to accumulation of LDs. We therefore suggest a causal role for IGF2 in hepatic lipid accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja M Kessler
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Stephan Laggai
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Elien Van Wonterg
- Inflammation Research Center, VIBGhent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Katja Gemperlein
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- Inflammation Research Center, VIBGhent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Manfred Ogris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Claude Libert
- Inflammation Research Center, VIBGhent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Alexandra K Kiemer
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University Saarbrücken, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mussa A, Russo S, de Crescenzo A, Freschi A, Calzari L, Maitz S, Macchiaiolo M, Molinatto C, Baldassarre G, Mariani M, Tarani L, Bedeschi MF, Milani D, Melis D, Bartuli A, Cubellis MV, Selicorni A, Silengo MC, Larizza L, Riccio A, Ferrero GB. Fetal growth patterns in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Clin Genet 2016; 90:21-7. [PMID: 26857110 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We provide data on fetal growth pattern on the molecular subtypes of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS): IC1 gain of methylation (IC1-GoM), IC2 loss of methylation (IC2-LoM), 11p15.5 paternal uniparental disomy (UPD), and CDKN1C mutation. In this observational study, gestational ages and neonatal growth parameters of 247 BWS patients were compared by calculating gestational age-corrected standard deviation scores (SDS) and proportionality indexes to search for differences among IC1-GoM (n = 21), UPD (n = 87), IC2-LoM (n = 147), and CDKN1C mutation (n = 11) patients. In IC1-GoM subgroup, weight and length are higher than in other subgroups. Body proportionality indexes display the following pattern: highest in IC1-GoM patients, lowest in IC2-LoM/CDKN1C patients, intermediate in UPD ones. Prematurity was significantly more prevalent in the CDKN1C (64%) and IC2-LoM subgroups (37%). Fetal growth patterns are different in the four molecular subtypes of BWS and remarkably consistent with altered gene expression primed by the respective molecular mechanisms. IC1-GoM cases show extreme macrosomia and severe disproportion between weight and length excess. In IC2-LoM/CDKN1C patients, macrosomia is less common and associated with more proportionate weight/length ratios with excess of preterm birth. UPD patients show growth patterns closer to those of IC2-LoM, but manifest a body mass disproportion rather similar to that seen in IC1-GoM cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Mussa
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - S Russo
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - A Freschi
- DiSTABiF, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - L Calzari
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - S Maitz
- Clinical Pediatric Genetics Unit, Pediatrics Clinics, MBBM Foundation, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italia
| | - M Macchiaiolo
- Rare Disease and Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - C Molinatto
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - G Baldassarre
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M Mariani
- Clinical Pediatric Genetics Unit, Pediatrics Clinics, MBBM Foundation, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italia
| | - L Tarani
- Department of Pediatric and Pediatric Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - M F Bedeschi
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - D Milani
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - D Melis
- Clinical Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - A Bartuli
- Rare Disease and Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - M V Cubellis
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - A Selicorni
- Clinical Pediatric Genetics Unit, Pediatrics Clinics, MBBM Foundation, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italia
| | - M C Silengo
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - L Larizza
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - A Riccio
- DiSTABiF, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - G B Ferrero
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Genetic causes for human disorders are being discovered at an unprecedented pace. A growing subclass of disease-causing mutations involves changes in the epigenome or in the abundance and activity of proteins that regulate chromatin structure. This article focuses on research that has uncovered human diseases that stem from such epigenetic deregulation. Disease may be caused by direct changes in epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation, commonly found to affect imprinted gene regulation. Also described are disease-causing genetic mutations in epigenetic modifiers that either affect chromatin in trans or have a cis effect in altering chromatin configuration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huda Y Zoghbi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Arthur L Beaudet
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chen J, Yao ZX, Chen JS, Gi YJ, Muñoz NM, Kundra S, Herlong HF, Jeong YS, Goltsov A, Ohshiro K, Mistry NA, Zhang J, Su X, Choufani S, Mitra A, Li S, Mishra B, White J, Rashid A, Wang AY, Javle M, Davila M, Michaely P, Weksberg R, Hofstetter WL, Finegold MJ, Shay JW, Machida K, Tsukamoto H, Mishra L. TGF-β/β2-spectrin/CTCF-regulated tumor suppression in human stem cell disorder Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:527-42. [PMID: 26784546 DOI: 10.1172/jci80937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a human stem cell disorder, and individuals with this disease have a substantially increased risk (~800-fold) of developing tumors. Epigenetic silencing of β2-spectrin (β2SP, encoded by SPTBN1), a SMAD adaptor for TGF-β signaling, is causally associated with BWS; however, a role of TGF-β deficiency in BWS-associated neoplastic transformation is unexplored. Here, we have reported that double-heterozygous Sptbn1+/- Smad3+/- mice, which have defective TGF-β signaling, develop multiple tumors that are phenotypically similar to those of BWS patients. Moreover, tumorigenesis-associated genes IGF2 and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) were overexpressed in fibroblasts from BWS patients and TGF-β-defective mice. We further determined that chromatin insulator CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is TGF-β inducible and facilitates TGF-β-mediated repression of TERT transcription via interactions with β2SP and SMAD3. This regulation was abrogated in TGF-β-defective mice and BWS, resulting in TERT overexpression. Imprinting of the IGF2/H19 locus and the CDKN1C/KCNQ1 locus on chromosome 11p15.5 is mediated by CTCF, and this regulation is lost in BWS, leading to aberrant overexpression of growth-promoting genes. Therefore, we propose that loss of CTCF-dependent imprinting of tumor-promoting genes, such as IGF2 and TERT, results from a defective TGF-β pathway and is responsible at least in part for BWS-associated tumorigenesis as well as sporadic human cancers that are frequently associated with SPTBN1 and SMAD3 mutations.
Collapse
|
37
|
Koppes E, Himes KP, Chaillet JR. Partial Loss of Genomic Imprinting Reveals Important Roles for Kcnq1 and Peg10 Imprinted Domains in Placental Development. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135202. [PMID: 26241757 PMCID: PMC4524636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in imprinted genes or their imprint control regions (ICRs) produce changes in imprinted gene expression and distinct abnormalities in placental structure, indicating the importance of genomic imprinting to placental development. We have recently shown that a very broad spectrum of placental abnormalities associated with altered imprinted gene expression occurs in the absence of the oocyte-derived DNMT1o cytosine methyltransferase, which normally maintains parent-specific imprinted methylation during preimplantation. The absence of DNMT1o partially reduces inherited imprinted methylation while retaining the genetic integrity of imprinted genes and their ICRs. Using this novel system, we undertook a broad and inclusive approach to identifying key ICRs involved in placental development by correlating loss of imprinted DNA methylation with abnormal placental phenotypes in a mid-gestation window (E12.5-E15.5). To these ends we measured DNA CpG methylation at 15 imprinted gametic differentially methylated domains (gDMDs) that overlap known ICRs using EpiTYPER-mass array technology, and linked these epigenetic measurements to histomorphological defects. Methylation of some imprinted gDMDs, most notably Dlk1, was nearly normal in mid-gestation DNMT1o-deficient placentas, consistent with the notion that cells having lost methylation on these DMDs do not contribute significantly to placental development. Most imprinted gDMDs however showed a wide range of methylation loss among DNMT1o-deficient placentas. Two striking associations were observed. First, loss of DNA methylation at the Peg10 imprinted gDMD associated with decreased embryonic viability and decreased labyrinthine volume. Second, loss of methylation at the Kcnq1 imprinted gDMD was strongly associated with trophoblast giant cell (TGC) expansion. We conclude that the Peg10 and Kcnq1 ICRs are key regulators of mid-gestation placental function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Koppes
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Program in Integrative Molecular Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Katherine P. Himes
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - J. Richard Chaillet
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Pinto EM, Chen X, Easton J, Finkelstein D, Liu Z, Pounds S, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Lund TC, Mardis ER, Wilson RK, Boggs K, Yergeau D, Cheng J, Mulder HL, Manne J, Jenkins J, Mastellaro MJ, Figueiredo BC, Dyer MA, Pappo A, Zhang J, Downing JR, Ribeiro RC, Zambetti GP. Genomic landscape of paediatric adrenocortical tumours. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6302. [PMID: 25743702 PMCID: PMC4352712 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare malignancy with poor prognosis. Here we analyze 37 adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) by whole genome, whole exome and/or transcriptome sequencing. Most cases (91%) show loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of chromosome 11p, with uniform selection against the maternal chromosome. IGF2 on chromosome 11p is overexpressed in 100% of the tumors. TP53 mutations and chromosome 17 LOH with selection against wild-type TP53 are observed in 28 ACTs (76%). Chromosomes 11p and 17 undergo copy-neutral LOH early during tumorigenesis, suggesting tumor-driver events. Additional genetic alterations include recurrent somatic mutations in ATRX and CTNNB1 and integration of human herpesvirus-6 in chromosome 11p. A dismal outcome is predicted by concomitant TP53 and ATRX mutations and associated genomic abnormalities, including massive structural variations and frequent background mutations. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the nature, timing and potential prognostic significance of key genetic alterations in pediatric ACT and outline a hypothetical model of pediatric adrenocortical tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia M Pinto
- Department of Biochemistry, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - John Easton
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - David Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Zhifa Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Stanley Pounds
- Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Troy C Lund
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Elaine R Mardis
- 1] The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [2] Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [3] Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Richard K Wilson
- 1] The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [2] Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [3] Department of Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Kristy Boggs
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Donald Yergeau
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Jinjun Cheng
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Heather L Mulder
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Jayanthi Manne
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Jesse Jenkins
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | | | | | - Michael A Dyer
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Alberto Pappo
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - James R Downing
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Raul C Ribeiro
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Gerard P Zambetti
- Department of Biochemistry, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Wilms' tumor, or nephroblastoma, is the most common pediatric renal cancer. The tumors morphologically resemble embryonic kidneys with a disrupted architecture and are associated with undifferentiated metanephric precursors. Here, we discuss genetic and epigenetic findings in Wilms' tumor in the context of renal development. Many of the genes implicated in Wilms' tumorigenesis are involved in the control of nephron progenitors or the microRNA (miRNA) processing pathway. Whereas the first group of genes has been extensively studied in normal development, the second finding suggests important roles for miRNAs in general-and specific miRNAs in particular-in normal kidney development that still await further analysis. The recent identification of Wilms' tumor cancer stem cells could provide a framework to integrate these pathways and translate them into new or improved therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hohenstein
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom; MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom;
| | - Kathy Pritchard-Jones
- UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Jocelyn Charlton
- UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cherradi N. microRNAs as Potential Biomarkers in Adrenocortical Cancer: Progress and Challenges. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:195. [PMID: 26834703 PMCID: PMC4719100 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy with poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Over the last decade, pan-genomic analyses of genetic and epigenetic alterations and genome-wide expression profile studies allowed major advances in the understanding of the molecular genetics of ACC. Besides the well-known dysfunctional molecular pathways in adrenocortical tumors, such as the IGF2 pathway, the Wnt pathway, and TP53, high-throughput technologies enabled a more comprehensive genomic characterization of adrenocortical cancer. Integration of expression profile data with exome sequencing, SNP array analysis, methylation, and microRNA (miRNA) profiling led to the identification of subgroups of malignant tumors with distinct molecular alterations and clinical outcomes. miRNAs post-transcriptionally silence their target gene expression either by degrading mRNA or by inhibiting translation. Although our knowledge of the contribution of deregulated miRNAs to the pathogenesis of ACC is still in its infancy, recent studies support their relevance in gene expression alterations in these tumors. Some miRNAs have been shown to carry potential diagnostic and prognostic values, while others may be good candidates for therapeutic interventions. With the emergence of disease-specific blood-borne miRNAs signatures, analyses of small cohorts of patients with ACC suggest that circulating miRNAs represent promising non-invasive biomarkers of malignancy or recurrence. However, some technical challenges still remain, and most of the miRNAs reported in the literature have not yet been validated in sufficiently powered and longitudinal studies. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge regarding the deregulation of tumor-associated and circulating miRNAs in ACC patients, while emphasizing their potential significance in pathogenic pathways in light of recent insights into the role of miRNAs in shaping the tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Cherradi
- U1036, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France
- Biologie du Cancer et de l’Infection, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire BCI, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
- *Correspondence: Nadia Cherradi,
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lee HS, Barraza-Villarreal A, Biessy C, Duarte-Salles T, Sly PD, Ramakrishnan U, Rivera J, Herceg Z, Romieu I. Dietary supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acid during pregnancy modulates DNA methylation at IGF2/H19 imprinted genes and growth of infants. Physiol Genomics 2014; 46:851-7. [PMID: 25293351 PMCID: PMC4254937 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00061.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of imprinted genes is regarded as a highly plausible explanation for linking dietary exposures in early life with the onset of diseases during childhood and adulthood. We sought to test whether prenatal dietary supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) during pregnancy may modulate epigenetic states at birth. This study was based on a randomized intervention trial conducted in Mexican pregnant women supplemented daily with 400 mg of DHA or a placebo from gestation week 18-22 to parturition. We applied quantitative profiling of DNA methylation states at IGF2 promoter 3 (IGF2 P3), IGF2 differentially methylated region (DMR), and H19 DMR in cord blood mononuclear cells of the DHA-supplemented group (n = 131) and the control group (n = 130). In stratified analyses, DNA methylation levels in IGF2 P3 were significantly higher in the DHA group than the control group in preterm infants (P = 0.04). We also observed a positive association between DNA methylation levels and maternal body mass index; IGF2 DMR methylation was higher in the DHA group than the control group in infants of overweight mothers (P = 0.03). In addition, at H19 DMR, methylation levels were significantly lower in the DHA group than the control group in infants of normal weight mothers (P = 0.01). Finally, methylation levels at IGF2/H19 imprinted regions were associated with maternal BMI. These findings suggest that epigenetic mechanisms may be modulated by DHA, with potential impacts on child growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Sun Lee
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - Peter D Sly
- Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia, and
| | - Usha Ramakrishnan
- Nutrition and Health Sciences and the Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Juan Rivera
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México, Nutrition and Health Sciences and the Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Peters J. The role of genomic imprinting in biology and disease: an expanding view. Nat Rev Genet 2014; 15:517-30. [PMID: 24958438 DOI: 10.1038/nrg3766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon that results in monoallelic gene expression according to parental origin. It has long been established that imprinted genes have major effects on development and placental biology before birth. More recently, it has become evident that imprinted genes also have important roles after birth. In this Review, I bring together studies of the effects of imprinted genes from the prenatal period onwards. Recent work on postnatal stages shows that imprinted genes influence an extraordinarily wide-ranging array of biological processes, the effects of which extend into adulthood, and play important parts in common diseases that range from obesity to psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jo Peters
- Medical Research Council Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Livingstone C, Borai A. Insulin-like growth factor-II: its role in metabolic and endocrine disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 80:773-81. [PMID: 24593700 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) is a widely expressed 7·5 kDa mitogenic peptide hormone. Although it is abundant in serum, understanding of its physiological role is limited compared with that of IGF-I. IGF-II regulates foetal development and differentiation, but its role in adults is less well understood. Evidence suggests roles in a number of tissues including skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, bone and ovary. Altered IGF-II expression has been observed in metabolic conditions, notably obesity, diabetes and the polycystic ovary syndrome. This article summarizes what is known about the actions of IGF-II and its dysregulation in metabolic and endocrine diseases. The possible causes and consequences of dysregulation are discussed along with the implications for diagnostic tests and future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Callum Livingstone
- Peptide Hormones Supraregional Assay Service (SAS), Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Trust, Guildford, UK; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Su J, Wang Y, Xing X, Liu J, Zhang Y. Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation in bovine placentas. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:12. [PMID: 24397284 PMCID: PMC3893433 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification that is essential for epigenetic gene regulation in development and disease. To date, the genome-wide DNA methylation maps of many organisms have been reported, but the methylation pattern of cattle remains unknown. Results We showed the genome-wide DNA methylation map in placental tissues using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation combined with high-throughput sequencing (MeDIP-seq). In cattle, the methylation levels in the gene body are relatively high, whereas the promoter remains hypomethylated. We obtained thousands of highly methylated regions (HMRs), methylated CpG islands, and methylated genes from bovine placenta. DNA methylation levels around the transcription start sites of genes are negatively correlated with the gene expression level. However, the relationship between gene-body DNA methylation and gene expression is non-monotonic. Moderately expressed genes generally have the highest levels of gene-body DNA methylation, whereas the highly, and lowly expressed genes, as well as silent genes, show moderate DNA methylation levels. Genes with the highest expression show the lowest DNA methylation levels. Conclusions We have generated the genome-wide mapping of DNA methylation in cattle for the first time, and our results can be used for future studies on epigenetic gene regulation in cattle. This study contributes to the knowledge on epigenetics in cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Charalambous M, da Rocha ST, Hernandez A, Ferguson‐Smith AC. Perturbations to the IGF1 growth pathway and adult energy homeostasis following disruption of mouse chromosome 12 imprinting. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 210:174-87. [PMID: 24034272 PMCID: PMC3992899 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Aim Disruption to insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling pathways during early life causes growth retardation and defects of developing metabolic organs that can alter set points of energy homeostasis for a lifetime. Inheritance of two maternal copies of human chromosome 14q32.2 (Temple syndrome) causes severe foetal growth retardation and post-natal failure to thrive. Disruption of imprinted gene dosage in the orthologous region on mouse chromosome 12 also affects growth. Here, we investigated whether altering chromosome 12-imprinted gene dosage can affect IGF signalling. Methods We investigated mice with a transgene insertion at the imprinted domain of chromosome 12. This lesion causes misexpression of neighbouring genes such that the expression of non-coding RNAs is elevated, and levels of delta-like homologue 1 (Dlk1), retrotransposon-like 1 (Rtl1) and deiodinase 3 (Dio3) transcripts are reduced. Results We observed three key phenotypes in these mice: (i) embryonic growth retardation associated with altered expression of IGF1 binding proteins, (ii) peri-natal failure to thrive accompanied by hypothyroidism and low serum IGF1. Unexpectedly this phenotype was growth hormone independent. (iii) Adult animals had reduced glucose tolerance as a result of endocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Conclusions We propose that all of these phenotypes are attributable to impaired IGF action and show for the first time that the chromosome 12 cluster in the mouse is an imprinted locus that modulates the IGF signalling pathway. We propose that growth retardation observed in human Temple syndrome might have a similar cause.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Charalambous
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - S. T. da Rocha
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - A. Hernandez
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute Scarborough MEUSA
| | - A. C. Ferguson‐Smith
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is a 7.5 kDa mitogenic peptide hormone expressed by liver and many other tissues. It is three times more abundant in serum than IGF1, but our understanding of its physiological and pathological roles has lagged behind that of IGF1. Expression of the IGF2 gene is strictly regulated. Over-expression occurs in many cancers and is associated with a poor prognosis. Elevated serum IGF2 is also associated with increased risk of developing various cancers including colorectal, breast, prostate and lung. There is established clinical utility for IGF2 measurement in the diagnosis of non-islet cell tumour hypoglycaemia, a condition characterised by a molar IGF2:IGF1 ratio >10. Recent advances in understanding of the pathophysiology of IGF2 in cancer have suggested much novel clinical utility for its measurement. Measurement of IGF2 in blood and genetic and epigenetic tests of the IGF2 gene may help assess cancer risk and prognosis. Further studies will determine whether these tests enter clinical practice. New therapeutic approaches are being developed to target IGF2 action. This review provides a clinical perspective on IGF2 and an update on recent research findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Callum Livingstone
- Peptide Hormones Supraregional Assay Service (SAS), Clinical Biochemistry Department, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Trust, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XX, UK Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5XH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Li N, Zhao G, Qiao M, Shao J, Liu X, Li H, Li X, Yu Z. The effects of early life lead exposure on the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 and 2 (IGF1, IGF2) in the hippocampus of mouse pups. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 63:48-52. [PMID: 24200854 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of maternal lead exposure on expression of IGF1 and IGF2 in the hippocampus of mice offspring. Lead exposure initiated from beginning of gestation to weaning. Lead acetate administered in drinking solutions was dissolved in distilled deionized water at the concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% groups respectively. On the 21st postnatal day, the learning and memory ability was tested by Water Maze test and the Pb levels were also determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The expression of IGF1 and IGF2 in hippocampus was examined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The lead levels in blood and hippocampus of all lead exposure groups were significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). In Water Maze test, the performances of 0.5% and 1% lead exposure groupswere worse than that of the control group (P<0.05). The expression of IGF1 and IGF2 was decreased in lead exposed groups than that of the control group (P<0.05). The low expression of IGF1 and IGF2 in the hippocampus of pups may contribute to the impairment of learning and memory associated with maternal Pb exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Gaiming Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Mingwu Qiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jianfeng Shao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaozhuan Liu
- Public Health College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Haozhe Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xing Li
- Public Health College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zengli Yu
- Public Health College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dung-shen (Codonopsis pilosula) attenuated the cardiac-impaired insulin-like growth factor II receptor pathway on myocardial cells. Food Chem 2013; 138:1856-67. [PMID: 23411318 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
49
|
Li H, Wada E, Wada K. Maternal administration of the herbal medicine toki-shakuyaku-san promotes fetal growth and placental gene expression in normal mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2013; 41:515-29. [PMID: 23711139 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x13500377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Toki-shakuyaku-san (TSS), an herbal formula based on traditional Chinese medicine, is commonly used in obstetrics. To examine the effects of TSS on the normal mouse fetus and placenta, TSS was administered to normal pregnant mice and their placentas and fetuses were studied. First, the effects of maternal TSS treatment on implantation were investigated. Administration of TSS from gestation day 0.5 (G0.5) to G6.5 showed that litter size was not altered at embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5), but the number of resorbed fetuses was slightly decreased. Then, to investigate effects on fetal and placental growths after implantation, TSS was administered from G5.5. At E14.5, the body weight of fetuses from TSS-treated dams was significantly increased. Gene expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2), one of the most important modulators of fetal growth, was significantly increased in the placentas and fetuses of TSS-treated dams. In addition, the expression of particular placental developmental genes and nutrient transporter genes was significantly increased in TSS-treated placentas. At E18.5, after longer-term administration of TSS, fetal and placental weights were not altered, but the expression of the placental developmental and nutrient transporter genes remained elevated compared with controls. These results suggest that maternal TSS treatment in normal mice enhances the expression of Igf2, placental developmental genes and nutrient transporter genes, resulting in increased fetal weight. No obvious changes were observed in the expression of these genes after longer-term maternal TSS treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chen Z, Robbins KM, Wells KD, Rivera RM. Large offspring syndrome: a bovine model for the human loss-of-imprinting overgrowth syndrome Beckwith-Wiedemann. Epigenetics 2013; 8:591-601. [PMID: 23751783 PMCID: PMC3857339 DOI: 10.4161/epi.24655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a human loss-of-imprinting syndrome primarily characterized by macrosomia, macroglossia, and abdominal wall defects. BWS has been associated with misregulation of two clusters of imprinted genes. Children conceived with the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) appear to have an increased incidence of BWS. As in humans, ART can also induce a similar overgrowth syndrome in ruminants which is referred to as large offspring syndrome (LOS). The main goal of our study is to determine if LOS shows similar loss-of-imprinting at loci known to be misregulated in BWS. To test this, Bos taurus indicus × Bos taurus taurus F1 hybrids were generated by artificial insemination (AI; control) or by ART. Seven of the 27 conceptuses in the ART group were in the > 97th percentile body weight when compared with controls. Further, other characteristics reported in BWS were observed in the ART group, such as large tongue, umbilical hernia, and ear malformations. KCNQ1OT1 (the most-often misregulated imprinted gene in BWS) was biallelically-expressed in various organs in two out of seven overgrown conceptuses from the ART group, but shows monoallelic expression in all tissues of the AI conceptuses. Furthermore, biallelic expression of KCNQ1OT1 is associated with loss of methylation at the KvDMR1 on the maternal allele and with downregulation of the maternally-expressed gene CDKN1C. In conclusion, our results show phenotypic and epigenetic similarities between LOS and BWS, and we propose the use of LOS as an animal model to investigate the etiology of BWS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Chen
- Division of Animal Sciences; University of Missouri; Columbia, MO USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|