1
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Saenz J, Khezerlou E, Aggarwal M, Shaikh A, Ganti N, Herborg F, Pan PY. Parkinson's disease gene, Synaptojanin1, dysregulates the surface maintenance of the dopamine transporter. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:148. [PMID: 39117637 PMCID: PMC11310474 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00769-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Missense mutations of PARK20/SYNJ1 (synaptojanin1/Synj1) were found in complex forms of familial Parkinsonism. However, the Synj1-regulated molecular and cellular changes associated with dopaminergic dysfunction remain unknown. We now report a fast depletion of evoked dopamine and impaired maintenance of the axonal dopamine transporter (DAT) in the Synj1 haploinsufficient (Synj1+/-) neurons. While Synj1 has been traditionally known to facilitate the endocytosis of synaptic vesicles, we provide in vitro and in vivo evidence demonstrating that Synj1 haploinsufficiency results in an increase of total DAT but a reduction of the surface DAT. Synj1+/- neurons exhibit maladaptive DAT trafficking, which could contribute to the altered DA release. We showed that the loss of surface DAT is associated with the impaired 5'-phosphatase activity and the hyperactive PI(4,5)P2-PKCβ pathway downstream of Synj1 deficiency. Thus, our findings provided important mechanistic insight for Synj1-regulated DAT trafficking integral to dysfunctional DA signaling, which might be relevant to early Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Saenz
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Rutgers Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Elnaz Khezerlou
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Meha Aggarwal
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Amina Shaikh
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Naga Ganti
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Freja Herborg
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ping-Yue Pan
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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2
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Nielsen JC, Salomon K, Kalenderoglou IE, Bargmeyer S, Pape T, Shahsavar A, Loland CJ. Structure of the human dopamine transporter in complex with cocaine. Nature 2024; 632:678-685. [PMID: 39112703 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07804-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
The dopamine transporter (DAT) is crucial for regulating dopamine signalling and is the prime mediator for the rewarding and addictive effects of cocaine1. As part of the neurotransmitter sodium symporter family, DAT uses the Na+ gradient across cell membranes to transport dopamine against its chemical gradient2. The transport mechanism involves both intra- and extracellular gates that control substrate access to a central site. However, the molecular intricacies of this process and the inhibitory mechanism of cocaine have remained unclear. Here, we present the molecular structure of human DAT in complex with cocaine at a resolution of 2.66 Å. Our findings reveal that DAT adopts the expected LeuT-fold, posing in an outward-open conformation with cocaine bound at the central (S1) site. Notably, while an Na+ occupies the second Na+ site (Na2), the Na1 site seems to be vacant, with the side chain of Asn82 occupying the presumed Na+ space. This structural insight elucidates the mechanism for the cocaine inhibition of human DAT and deepens our understanding of neurotransmitter transport. By shedding light on the molecular underpinnings of how cocaine acts, our study lays a foundation for the development of targeted medications to combat addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeppe C Nielsen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine Salomon
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Iris E Kalenderoglou
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah Bargmeyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tillmann Pape
- Structural Molecular Biology Group, Protein Structure & Function Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Core Facility for Integrated Microscopy (CFIM), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Azadeh Shahsavar
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus J Loland
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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3
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Jamal T, Yan X, Lantyer ADS, Ter Horst JG, Celikel T. Experience-dependent regulation of dopaminergic signaling in the somatosensory cortex. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 239:102630. [PMID: 38834131 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Dopamine critically influences reward processing, sensory perception, and motor control. Yet, the modulation of dopaminergic signaling by sensory experiences is not fully delineated. Here, by manipulating sensory experience using bilateral single-row whisker deprivation, we demonstrated that gene transcription in the dopaminergic signaling pathway (DSP) undergoes experience-dependent plasticity in both granular and supragranular layers of the primary somatosensory (barrel) cortex (S1). Sensory experience and deprivation compete for the regulation of DSP transcription across neighboring cortical columns, and sensory deprivation-induced changes in DSP are topographically constrained. These changes in DSP extend beyond cortical map plasticity and influence neuronal information processing. Pharmacological regulation of D2 receptors, a key component of DSP, revealed that D2 receptor activation suppresses excitatory neuronal excitability, hyperpolarizes the action potential threshold, and reduces the instantaneous firing rate. These findings suggest that the dopaminergic drive originating from midbrain dopaminergic neurons, targeting the sensory cortex, is subject to experience-dependent regulation and might create a regulatory feedback loop for modulating sensory processing. Finally, using topological gene network analysis and mutual information, we identify the molecular hubs of experience-dependent plasticity of DSP. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms by which sensory experience shapes dopaminergic signaling in the brain and might help unravel the sensory deficits observed after dopamine depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tousif Jamal
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Xuan Yan
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Judith G Ter Horst
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tansu Celikel
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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4
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Ma L, Wu Q, You Y, Zhang P, Tan D, Liang M, Huang Y, Gao Y, Ban Y, Chen Y, Yuan J. Neuronal small extracellular vesicles carrying miR-181c-5p contribute to the pathogenesis of epilepsy by regulating the protein kinase C-δ/glutamate transporter-1 axis in astrocytes. Glia 2024; 72:1082-1095. [PMID: 38385571 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Information exchange between neurons and astrocytes mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) is known to play a key role in the pathogenesis of central nervous system diseases. A key driver of epilepsy is the dysregulation of intersynaptic excitatory neurotransmitters mediated by astrocytes. Thus, we investigated the potential association between neuronal EV microRNAs (miRNAs) and astrocyte glutamate uptake ability in epilepsy. Here, we showed that astrocytes were able to engulf epileptogenic neuronal EVs, inducing a significant increase in the glutamate concentration in the extracellular fluid of astrocytes, which was linked to a decrease in glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) protein expression. Using sequencing and gene ontology (GO) functional analysis, miR-181c-5p was found to be the most significantly upregulated miRNA in epileptogenic neuronal EVs and was linked to glutamate metabolism. Moreover, we found that neuronal EV-derived miR-181c-5p interacted with protein kinase C-delta (PKCδ), downregulated PKCδ and GLT-1 protein expression and increased glutamate concentrations in astrocytes both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings demonstrated that epileptogenic neuronal EVs carrying miR-181c-5p decrease the glutamate uptake ability of astrocytes, thus promoting susceptibility to epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingyuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu You
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dandan Tan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Minxue Liang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunyi Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuenan Ban
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yangmei Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinxian Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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5
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Cheng F, Ji L, Li P, Han Z, He Y, Yang F, Xu Z, Li Y, Ruan T, Zhu X, Lin J. Enhanced therapeutic potential of Flotillins-modified MenSCs by improve the survival, proliferation and migration. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:680. [PMID: 38796595 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09624-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Menstrual blood-derived endometrial stem cells (MenSCs) have attracted increasing interest due to their excellent safety, and lack of ethical dilemma as well as their ability to be periodically obtained in a noninvasive manner. However, although preclinical research as shown the therapeutic potential of MenSCs in several diseases, their poor cell survival and low engraftment at disease sites reduce their clinical efficacy. Flotillins (including Flot1 and Flot2) are implicated in various cellular processes, such as vesicular trafficking, signal transduction, cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of Flotillins on MenSCs survival, proliferation and migration. Our experimental results show that MenSCs were modified to overexpress Flot1 and/or Flot2 without altering their intrinsic characteristics. Flot1 and Flot2 co-overexpression promoted MenSC viability and proliferation capacity. Moreover, Flot1 or Flot2 overexpression significantly promoted the migration and inhibited the apoptosis of MenSCs compared with the negative control group, and these effects were stronger in the Flot1 and Flot2 gene co-overexpression group. However, these effects were significantly reversed after Flot1 and/or Flot2 knockdown. In conclusion, our results indicate that Flot1 and Flot2 overexpression in MenSCs improved their proliferation and migration and inhibited their apoptosis, and this might be an effective approach to improve the efficiency of cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Cheng
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Longkai Ji
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Pan Li
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Zhisheng Han
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yanan He
- Zhongyuan Stem Cell Research Institute, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Fen Yang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Zhihao Xu
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yonghai Li
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Tao Ruan
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xinxing Zhu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Juntang Lin
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, East of JinSui Road #601, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China.
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6
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Saenz J, Khezerlou E, Aggarwal M, Shaikh A, Ganti N, Herborg F, Pan PY. Parkinson's disease gene, Synaptojanin1, dysregulates the surface maintenance of the dopamine transporter. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4021466. [PMID: 38559229 PMCID: PMC10980101 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4021466/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Missense mutations of PARK20/SYNJ1 (synaptojanin1/Synj1) have been linked to complex forms of familial parkinsonism, however, the molecular and cellular changes associated with dopaminergic dysfunction remains unknown. We now report fast depletion of evoked dopamine (DA) and altered maintenance of the axonal dopamine transporter (DAT) in the Synj1+/- neurons. While Synj1 has been traditionally known to facilitate the endocytosis of synaptic vesicles, we demonstrated that axons of cultured Synj1+/- neurons exhibit an increase of total DAT but a reduction of the surface DAT, which could be exacerbated by neuronal activity. We revealed that the loss of surface DAT is specifically associated with the impaired 5'-phosphatase activity of Synj1 and the hyperactive downstream PI(4,5)P2-PKCβ pathway. Thus, our findings provided important mechanistic insight for Synj1-regulated DAT trafficking integral to dysfunctional DA signaling in early parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Saenz
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Rutgers Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Elnaz Khezerlou
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Meha Aggarwal
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Amina Shaikh
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Naga Ganti
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Freja Herborg
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ping-Yue Pan
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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7
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Vaughan RA, Henry LK, Foster JD, Brown CR. Post-translational mechanisms in psychostimulant-induced neurotransmitter efflux. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2024; 99:1-33. [PMID: 38467478 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The availability of monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain is under the control of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin transporters expressed on the plasma membrane of monoaminergic neurons. By regulating transmitter levels these proteins mediate crucial functions including cognition, attention, and reward, and dysregulation of their activity is linked to mood and psychiatric disorders of these systems. Amphetamine-based transporter substrates stimulate non-exocytotic transmitter efflux that induces psychomotor stimulation, addiction, altered mood, hallucinations, and psychosis, thus constituting a major component of drug neurochemical and behavioral outcomes. Efflux is under the control of transporter post-translational modifications that synergize with other regulatory events, and this review will summarize our knowledge of these processes and their role in drug mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne A Vaughan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States.
| | - L Keith Henry
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - James D Foster
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Christopher R Brown
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
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8
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Tang H, Liu J, Wang Z, Zhang L, Yang M, Huang J, Wen X, Luo J. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis of black color trait in the leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus) using whole genome resequencing. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 48:101138. [PMID: 37683359 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus) is a coral reef fish species that exhibits rapid and diverse color variation. However, the presence of melanoma and the high proportion of individuals displaying black color in artificial breeding have led to reduced economic and ornamental value. To pinpoint single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and potential genes linked to the black pigmentation characteristic in this particular species, This study gathered a cohort of 360 specimens from diverse origins and conducted a comprehensive genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) employing whole-genome resequencing. As a result, 57 SNPs related to the black skin trait were identified, and a grand total of 158 genes were annotated within 50 kb of these SNPs. Subsequently, GWAS was applied to three populations (LED, QHH, and QHL), and the corresponding results were compared with the analysis results of the total population. The results of the four GWAS models showed significant enrichment in Rap1 signaling pathway, melanin biosynthesis, metabolic pathways, tyrosine metabolism, cAMP signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, HIF-1 signaling pathway, Ras signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, etc. (p < 0.05), which were mainly associated with eleven genes (POL4, MET, E2F2, COMT, ZBED1, TYRP2, FOXP2, THIKA, LORF2, MYH16 and SOX2). Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the expression of all 11 genes in the dorsal skin tissue, in 10 genes except COMT in the ventral skin tissue, and in all 11 genes in the caudal fin tissue. These findings imply that the control of body color in the P. leopardus is the result of the joint action of multiple genes and signaling pathways. These findings will contribute to a more profound comprehension of the genetic attributes that underlie the development of black skin in the vibrant P. leopardus, thus furnishing a theoretical foundation for genetic enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhan Tang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Junchi Liu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zirui Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lianjie Zhang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Min Yang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Jian Luo
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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9
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Zhan Z, Ye M, Jin X. The roles of FLOT1 in human diseases (Review). Mol Med Rep 2023; 28:212. [PMID: 37772385 PMCID: PMC10552069 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
FLOT1, a scaffold protein of lipid rafts, is involved in several biological processes, including lipid raft protein‑-dependent or clathrin‑independent endocytosis, and the formation of hippocampal synapses, amongst others. Increasing evidence has shown that FLOT1 can function as both a cancer promoter and cancer suppressor dependent on the type of cancer. FLOT1 can affect the occurrence and development of several types of cancer by affecting epithelial‑mesenchymal transition, proliferation of cancer cells, and relevant signaling pathways, and is regulated by long intergenic non‑coding RNAs or microRNAs. In the nervous system, overexpression or abnormally low expression of FLOT1 may lead to the occurrence of neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, major depressive disorder and other diseases. Additionally, it is also associated with dilated cardiomyopathy, pathogenic microbial infection, diabetes‑related diseases, and gynecological diseases, amongst other diseases. In the present review, the structure and localization of FLOT1, as well as the physiological processes it is involved in are reviewed, and then the upstream and downstream regulation of FLOT1 in human disease, particularly in different types of cancer and neurological diseases are discussed, with a focus on potentially targeting FLOT1 for the clinical treatment of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Zhan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, P.R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Science Health Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Meng Ye
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, P.R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Science Health Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, P.R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Science Health Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
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10
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Chen R. Cholesterol modulation of interactions between psychostimulants and dopamine transporters. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2023; 99:35-59. [PMID: 38467486 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The dopamine transporter (DAT) is a key site of action for cocaine and amphetamines. Dysfunctional DAT is associated with aberrant synaptic dopamine transmission and enhanced drug-seeking and taking behavior. Studies in cultured cells and ex vivo suggest that DAT function is sensitive to membrane cholesterol content. Although it is largely unknown whether psychostimulants alter cholesterol metabolism in the brain, emerging evidence indicates that peripheral cholesterol metabolism is altered in patients with psychostimulant use disorder and circulating cholesterol levels are associated with vulnerability to relapse. Cholesterol interacts with sphingolipids forming lipid raft microdomains on the membrane. These cholesterol-rich lipid raft microdomains serve to recruit and assemble other lipids and proteins to initiate signal transduction. There are two spatially and functionally distinct populations of the DAT segregated by cholesterol-rich lipid raft microdomains and cholesterol-scarce non-raft microdomains on the plasma membrane. These two DAT populations are differentially regulated by DAT blockers (e.g. cocaine), substrates (e.g. amphetamine), and protein kinase C providing distinct cholesterol-dependent modulation of dopamine uptake and efflux. In this chapter, we summarize the impact of depletion and addition of membrane cholesterol on DAT conformational changes between the outward-facing and the inward-facing states, lipid raft-associated DAT localization, basal and induced DAT internalization, and DAT function. In particular, we focus on how the interactions of the DAT with cocaine and amphetamine are influenced by membrane cholesterol. Lastly, we discuss the therapeutic potential of cholesterol-modifying drugs as a new avenue to normalize DAT function and dopamine transmission in patients with psychostimulant use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States.
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11
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Koban F, Freissmuth M. The cell cycle protein MAD2 facilitates endocytosis of the serotonin transporter in the neuronal soma. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e53408. [PMID: 37530743 PMCID: PMC10561363 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoamine transporters retrieve serotonin (SERT), dopamine (DAT), and norepinephrine (NET) from the synaptic cleft. Transporter internalization contributes to the regulation of their surface expression. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis of plasma membrane proteins requires adaptor protein-2 (AP2), which recruits cargo to the nascent clathrin cage. However, the intracellular portions of monoamine transporters are devoid of a conventional AP2-binding site. Here, we identify a MAD2 (mitotic arrest deficient-2) interaction motif in the C-terminus of SERT, which binds the closed conformation of MAD2 and allows for the recruitment of two additional mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) proteins, BubR1 and p31comet , and of AP2. We visualize MAD2, BubR1, and p31comet in dorsal raphe neurons, and depletion of MAD2 in primary serotonergic rat neurons decreases SERT endocytosis in the soma. Our findings do not only provide mechanistic insights into transporter internalization but also allow for rationalizing why SAC proteins are present in post-mitotic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Koban
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Michael Freissmuth
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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12
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Shetty M, Bolland DE, Morrell J, Grove BD, Foster JD, Vaughan RA. Dopamine transporter membrane mobility is bidirectionally regulated by phosphorylation and palmitoylation. Curr Res Physiol 2023; 6:100106. [PMID: 38107792 PMCID: PMC10724222 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2023.100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary regulator of dopamine availability in the brain is the dopamine transporter (DAT), a plasma membrane protein that drives reuptake of released dopamine from the extracellular space into the presynaptic neuron. DAT activity is regulated by post-translational modifications that establish clearance capacity through impacts on transport kinetics, and dysregulation of these events may underlie dopaminergic imbalances in mood and psychiatric disorders. Here, using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, we show that phosphorylation and palmitoylation induce opposing effects on DAT lateral membrane mobility, which may influence functional outcomes by regulating subcellular localization and binding partner interactions. Membrane mobility was also impacted by amphetamine and in polymorphic variant A559V in directions consistent with enhanced phosphorylation. These findings grow the list of DAT properties controlled by these post-translational modifications and highlight their role in establishment of dopaminergic tone in physiological and pathophysiological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur Shetty
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | | | - Joshua Morrell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - Bryon D. Grove
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - James D. Foster
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - Roxanne A. Vaughan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
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13
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Small C, Cheng MH, Belay SS, Bulloch SL, Zimmerman B, Sorkin A, Block ER. The Alkylamine Stimulant 1,3-Dimethylamylamine Exhibits Substrate-Like Regulation of Dopamine Transporter Function and Localization. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 386:266-273. [PMID: 37348963 PMCID: PMC10353075 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The alkylamine stimulant 1,3-dimethylamylamine (DMAA) is used nonmedically as an appetite suppressant and exercise performance enhancer despite adverse cardiovascular effects that have limited its legal status. There is scant research describing the mechanism of action of DMAA, making it difficult to gauge risks or therapeutic potential. An important molecular target of structurally related phenethylamines, such as amphetamine, for regulating mood, cognition, movement, and the development of substance use disorder is the dopamine transporter, which limits the range and magnitude of dopamine signaling via reuptake from the extracellular space. The present studies were therefore initiated to characterize the effects of DMAA on dopamine transporter function. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that DMAA exhibits substrate-like effects on dopamine transporter function and trafficking. In transport assays in human embryonic kidney cells, DMAA inhibited dopamine uptake by the human dopamine transporter in a competitive manner. Docking analysis and molecular dynamics simulations supported these findings, revealing that DMAA binds to the S1 substrate binding site and induces a conformational change from outward-facing open to outward-facing closed states, similar to the known substrates. Further supporting substrate-like effects of DMAA, the drug stimulated dopamine transporter endocytosis in a heterologous expression system via cocaine- and protein kinase A-sensitive mechanisms, mirroring findings with amphetamine. Together, these data indicate that DMAA elicits neurologic effects by binding to and regulating function of the dopamine transporter. Furthermore, pharmacologic distinctions from amphetamine reveal structural determinants for regulating transporter conformation and add mechanistic insight for the regulation of dopamine transporter endocytosis. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The alkylamine stimulant 1,3-dimethylamylamine (DMAA) is used as an appetite suppressant and athletic performance enhancer and is structurally similar to amphetamine, but there is scant research describing its mechanism of action. Characterizing the effects of DMAA on dopamine transporter function supports evaluation of potential risks and therapeutic potential while also revealing mechanistic details of dynamic transporter-substrate interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Small
- Science Department, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (C.S., S.S.B., S.L.B., B.Z., E.R.B.) and Departments of Computational and Systems Biology (M.H.C.) and Cell Biology (A.S.), School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary Hongying Cheng
- Science Department, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (C.S., S.S.B., S.L.B., B.Z., E.R.B.) and Departments of Computational and Systems Biology (M.H.C.) and Cell Biology (A.S.), School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Saron S Belay
- Science Department, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (C.S., S.S.B., S.L.B., B.Z., E.R.B.) and Departments of Computational and Systems Biology (M.H.C.) and Cell Biology (A.S.), School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah L Bulloch
- Science Department, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (C.S., S.S.B., S.L.B., B.Z., E.R.B.) and Departments of Computational and Systems Biology (M.H.C.) and Cell Biology (A.S.), School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Brooke Zimmerman
- Science Department, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (C.S., S.S.B., S.L.B., B.Z., E.R.B.) and Departments of Computational and Systems Biology (M.H.C.) and Cell Biology (A.S.), School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexander Sorkin
- Science Department, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (C.S., S.S.B., S.L.B., B.Z., E.R.B.) and Departments of Computational and Systems Biology (M.H.C.) and Cell Biology (A.S.), School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ethan R Block
- Science Department, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (C.S., S.S.B., S.L.B., B.Z., E.R.B.) and Departments of Computational and Systems Biology (M.H.C.) and Cell Biology (A.S.), School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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14
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Kwan HLR, Chan ZCK, Bi X, Kutkowska J, Prószyński TJ, Chan CB, Lee CW. Nerve-independent formation of membrane infoldings at topologically complex postsynaptic apparatus by caveolin-3. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg0183. [PMID: 37327338 PMCID: PMC10275590 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Junctional folds are unique membrane specializations developed progressively during the postnatal maturation of vertebrate neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), but how they are formed remains elusive. Previous studies suggested that topologically complex acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clusters in muscle cultures undergo a series of transformations, resembling the postnatal maturation of NMJs in vivo. We first demonstrated the presence of membrane infoldings at AChR clusters in cultured muscles. Live-cell super-resolution imaging further revealed that AChRs are gradually redistributed to the crest regions and spatially segregated from acetylcholinesterase along the elongating membrane infoldings over time. Mechanistically, lipid raft disruption or caveolin-3 knockdown not only inhibits membrane infolding formation at aneural AChR clusters and delays agrin-induced AChR clustering in vitro but also affects junctional fold development at NMJs in vivo. Collectively, this study demonstrated the progressive development of membrane infoldings via nerve-independent, caveolin-3-dependent mechanisms and identified their roles in AChR trafficking and redistribution during the structural maturation of NMJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Lam Rachel Kwan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zora Chui-Kuen Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinyi Bi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Justyna Kutkowska
- Łukasiewicz Research Network – PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz J. Prószyński
- Łukasiewicz Research Network – PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Chi Bun Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Wai Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Golden Meditech Centre for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
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15
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Carvalho-Rosa JD, Rodrigues NC, Silva-Cruz A, Vaz SH, Cunha-Reis D. Epileptiform activity influences theta-burst induced LTP in the adult hippocampus: a role for synaptic lipid raft disruption in early metaplasticity? Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1117697. [PMID: 37228704 PMCID: PMC10203237 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1117697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-epileptic seizures are identified as a common epileptogenic trigger. Early metaplasticity following seizures may contribute to epileptogenesis by abnormally altering synaptic strength and homeostatic plasticity. We now studied how in vitro epileptiform activity (EA) triggers early changes in CA1 long-term potentiation (LTP) induced by theta-burst stimulation (TBS) in rat hippocampal slices and the involvement of lipid rafts in these early metaplasticity events. Two forms of EA were induced: (1) interictal-like EA evoked by Mg2+ withdrawal and K+ elevation to 6 mM in the superfusion medium or (2) ictal-like EA induced by bicuculline (10 μM). Both EA patterns induced and LTP-like effect on CA1 synaptic transmission prior to LTP induction. LTP induced 30 min post EA was impaired, an effect more pronounced after ictal-like EA. LTP recovered to control levels 60 min post interictal-like EA but was still impaired 60 min after ictal-like EA. The synaptic molecular events underlying this altered LTP were investigated 30 min post EA in synaptosomes isolated from these slices. EA enhanced AMPA GluA1 Ser831 phosphorylation but decreased Ser845 phosphorylation and the GluA1/GluA2 ratio. Flotillin-1 and caveolin-1 were markedly decreased concomitantly with a marked increase in gephyrin levels and a less prominent increase in PSD-95. Altogether, EA differentially influences hippocampal CA1 LTP thorough regulation of GluA1/GluA2 levels and AMPA GluA1 phosphorylation suggesting that altered LTP post-seizures is a relevant target for antiepileptogenic therapies. In addition, this metaplasticity is also associated with marked alterations in classic and synaptic lipid raft markers, suggesting these may also constitute promising targets in epileptogenesis prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- José D. Carvalho-Rosa
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- BioISI–Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nádia C. Rodrigues
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Armando Silva-Cruz
- BioISI–Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sandra H. Vaz
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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16
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Jin H, Koh M, Lim H, Yong HY, Kim ES, Kim SY, Kim K, Jung J, Ryu WJ, Choi KY, Moon A. Lipid raft protein flotillin-1 is important for the interaction between SOS1 and H-Ras/K-Ras, leading to Ras activation. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:1933-1946. [PMID: 36691829 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ras mutations have been frequently observed in human cancer. Although there is a high degree of similarity between Ras isomers, they display preferential coupling in specific cancer types. The binding of Ras to the plasma membrane is essential for its activation and biological functions. The present study elucidated Ras isoform-specific interactions with the membrane and their role in Ras-mediated biological activities. We investigated the role of a lipid raft protein flotillin-1 (Flot-1) in the activations of Ras. We found that Flot-1 was co-localized with H-Ras, but not with N-Ras, in lipid rafts of MDA-MB-231 human breast cells. The amino-terminal hydrophobic domain (1-38) of Flot-1 interacted with the hypervariable region of H-Ras. The epidermal growth factor-stimulated activation of H-Ras required Flot-1 which was not necessary for that of N-Ras in breast cancer cells. Flot-1 interacted with son of sevenless (SOS)-1, which promotes the conversion of Ras-bound GDP to GTP. Notably, Flot-1 was crucial for the interaction between SOS1 and H-Ras/K-Ras in breast and pancreatic cancer cells. Stable knockdown of Flot-1 reduced the in vivo metastasis in a mouse xenograft model with human breast carcinoma cells. A tissue microarray composed of 61 human pancreatic cancer samples showed higher levels of Flot-1 expression in pancreatic tumor tissues compared to normal tissues, and a correlation between K-Ras and Flot-1. Taken together, our findings suggest that Flot-1 may serve as a membrane platform for the interaction of SOS1 with H-Ras/K-Ras in human cancer cells, presenting Flot-1 as a potential target for Ras-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jin
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minsoo Koh
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyesol Lim
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hae-Young Yong
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Sook Kim
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungmee Kim
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joohee Jung
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Ji Ryu
- Avison Biomedical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kang-Yell Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Aree Moon
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
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17
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Stewart A, Mayer FP, Gowrishankar R, Davis GL, Areal LB, Gresch PJ, Katamish RM, Peart R, Stilley SE, Spiess K, Rabil MJ, Diljohn FA, Wiggins AE, Vaughan RA, Hahn MK, Blakely RD. Behaviorally penetrant, anomalous dopamine efflux exposes sex and circuit dependent regulation of dopamine transporters. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4869-4880. [PMID: 36117213 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01773-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Virtually all neuropsychiatric disorders display sex differences in prevalence, age of onset, and/or clinical symptomology. Although altered dopamine (DA) signaling is a feature of many of these disorders, sex-dependent mechanisms uniquely responsive to DA that drive sex-dependent behaviors remain unelucidated. Previously, we established that anomalous DA efflux (ADE) is a prominent feature of the DA transporter (DAT) variant Val559, a coding substitution identified in two male-biased disorders: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. In vivo, Val559 ADE induces activation of nigrostriatal D2-type DA autoreceptors (D2ARs) that magnifies inappropriate, nonvesicular DA release by elevating phosphorylation and surface trafficking of ADE-prone DAT proteins. Here we demonstrate that DAT Val559 mice exhibit sex-dependent alterations in psychostimulant responses, social behavior, and cognitive performance. In a search for underlying mechanisms, we discovered that the ability of ADE to elicit D2AR regulation of DAT is both sex and circuit-dependent, with dorsal striatum D2AR/DAT coupling evident only in males, whereas D2AR/DAT coupling in the ventral striatum is exclusive to females. Moreover, systemic administration of the D2R antagonist sulpiride, which precludes ADE-driven DAT trafficking, can normalize DAT Val559 behavioral changes unique to each sex and without effects on the opposite sex or wildtype mice. Our studies support the sex- and circuit dependent capacity of D2ARs to regulate DAT as a critical determinant of the sex-biased effects of perturbed DA signaling in neurobehavioral disorders. Moreover, our work provides a cogent example of how a shared biological insult drives alternative physiological and behavioral trajectories as opposed to resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Stewart
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA.,Stiles-Nicholson Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Felix P Mayer
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | | | - Gwynne L Davis
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Lorena B Areal
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Paul J Gresch
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA.,Stiles-Nicholson Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Rania M Katamish
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Rodeania Peart
- Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Samantha E Stilley
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Keeley Spiess
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Maximilian J Rabil
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | | | - Angelica E Wiggins
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Roxanne A Vaughan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Maureen K Hahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA.,Stiles-Nicholson Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Randy D Blakely
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA. .,Stiles-Nicholson Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA.
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18
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Li S, Shi H, Ruan L, Liu L, Wang C. Molecular characterization and function of the lipid raft protein Lvflotillin-1A from Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:380-388. [PMID: 35934241 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) can cause a contagious, high virulent and pandemic disease for crustaceans, especially shrimps. However, the molecular mechanism of WSSV pathogenesis remains unclear. Flotillins are lipid raft-associated proteins, which mainly include flotillin-1 and flotillin-2. They are involved in the formation of large heteromeric protein complexes engaged in diverse signalling pathways at the membrane-cytosol interface. They defined a clathrin-independent endocytic pathway in mammalian cells. Our previous studies suggested that shrimp flotillin-2 might mediate endocytosis involved in WSSV infection. To further explore the function of shrimp flotillin, a flotillin-1 homologous, Lvflotillin-1A was identified and characterized in Litopenaeus vanamei. The transcription of Lvflotillin-1A showed a significant decline at 12h post-infection, followed by complete recovery and a slight up-regulation after the WSSV challenge. Gene silencing revealed that inhibition of Lvflotillin-1A raised the virus infection, suggesting Lvflotillin-1A might play an important role in shrimp immunity. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence illustrated that Lvflotillin-1A and Lvflotillin-2 could form hetero-oligomers, and co-expression promoted the accumulation of intracellular vesicles. The study revealed that WSSV might up-regulate Lvflotillin-2 expression and alter the subcellular location of Lvflotillin-1 protein to facilitate virus infection. These results will provide information for understanding the interaction between WSSV and shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujie Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Hong Shi
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen, 361005, PR China.
| | - Lingwei Ruan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen, 361005, PR China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, PR China
| | - Linmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Chuanqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
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19
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Deo N, Redpath G. Serotonin Receptor and Transporter Endocytosis Is an Important Factor in the Cellular Basis of Depression and Anxiety. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:804592. [PMID: 35280519 PMCID: PMC8912961 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.804592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are common, debilitating psychiatric conditions affecting millions of people throughout the world. Current treatments revolve around selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), yet these drugs are only moderately effective at relieving depression. Moreover, up to 30% of sufferers are SSRI non-responders. Endocytosis, the process by which plasma membrane and extracellular constituents are internalized into the cell, plays a central role in the regulation of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-HT) signaling, SSRI function and depression and anxiety pathogenesis. Despite their therapeutic potential, surprisingly little is known about the endocytosis of the serotonin receptors (5-HT receptors) or the serotonin transporter (SERT). A subset of 5-HT receptors are endocytosed by clathrin-mediated endocytosis following serotonin binding, while for the majority of 5-HT receptors the endocytic regulation is not known. SERT internalizes serotonin from the extracellular space into the cell to limit the availability of serotonin for receptor binding and signaling. Endocytosis of SERT reduces serotonin uptake, facilitating serotonin signaling. SSRIs predominantly inhibit SERT, preventing serotonin uptake to enhance 5-HT receptor signaling, while hallucinogenic compounds directly activate specific 5-HT receptors, altering their interaction with endocytic adaptor proteins to induce alternate signaling outcomes. Further, multiple polymorphisms and transcriptional/proteomic alterations have been linked to depression, anxiety, and SSRI non-response. In this review, we detail the endocytic regulation of 5-HT receptors and SERT and outline how SSRIs and hallucinogenic compounds modulate serotonin signaling through endocytosis. Finally, we will examine the deregulated proteomes in depression and anxiety and link these with 5-HT receptor and SERT endocytosis. Ultimately, in attempting to integrate the current studies on the cellular biology of depression and anxiety, we propose that endocytosis is an important factor in the cellular basis of depression and anxiety. We will highlight how a thorough understanding 5-HT receptor and SERT endocytosis is integral to understanding the biological basis of depression and anxiety, and to facilitate the development of a next generation of specific, efficacious antidepressant treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Deo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gregory Redpath
- European Molecular Biology Lab (EMBL) Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Gregory Redpath
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20
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Redpath G, Deo N. Serotonin: an overlooked regulator of endocytosis and endosomal sorting? Biol Open 2022; 11:bio059057. [PMID: 35076063 PMCID: PMC8801889 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin is a neurotransmitter and a hormone that is typically associated with regulating our mood. However, the serotonin transporter and receptors are expressed throughout the body, highlighting the much broader, systemic role of serotonin in regulating human physiology. A substantial body of data strongly implicates serotonin as a fundamental regulator of endocytosis and endocytic sorting. Serotonin has the potential to enhance endocytosis through three distinct mechanisms - serotonin signalling, serotonylation and insertion into the plasma membrane - although the interplay and relationship between these mechanisms has not yet been explored. Endocytosis is central to the cellular response to the extracellular environment, controlling receptor distribution on the plasma membrane to modulate signalling, neurotransmitter release and uptake, circulating protein and lipid cargo uptake, and amino acid internalisation for cell proliferation. Uncovering the range of cellular and physiological circumstances in which serotonin regulates endocytosis is of great interest for our understanding of how serotonin regulates mood, and also the fundamental understanding of endocytosis and its regulation throughout the body. This article has an associated Future Leader to Watch interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Redpath
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Nikita Deo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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21
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Mackie PM, Gopinath A, Montas DM, Nielsen A, Smith A, Nolan RA, Runner K, Matt SM, McNamee J, Riklan JE, Adachi K, Doty A, Ramirez-Zamora A, Yan L, Gaskill PJ, Streit WJ, Okun MS, Khoshbouei H. Functional characterization of the biogenic amine transporters on human macrophages. JCI Insight 2022; 7:151892. [PMID: 35015729 PMCID: PMC8876465 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.151892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte-derived macrophages are key players in tissue homeostasis and diseases regulated by a variety of signaling molecules. Recent literature has highlighted the ability for biogenic amines to regulate macrophage functions, but the mechanisms governing biogenic amine signaling in and around immune cells remains nebulous. In the central nervous system (CNS), biogenic amine transporters are regarded as the master regulators of neurotransmitter signaling. While we and others have shown that macrophages express these transporters, relatively little is known of their function in these cells. To address these knowledge gaps, we investigated the function of norepinephrine (NET) and dopamine (DAT) transporters on human monocyte-derived macrophages. We found that both NET and DAT are present and can uptake substrate from the extracellular space at baseline. Not only was DAT expressed in cultured monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), but it was also detected in a subset of intestinal macrophages in situ. Surprisingly, we discovered a NET-independent, DAT-mediated immuno-modulatory mechanism in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS induced reverse transport of dopamine through DAT, engaging an autocrine/paracrine signaling loop that regulated the macrophage response. Removing this signaling loop enhanced the pro-inflammatory response to LPS. Collectively, our data introduce a potential role for DAT in the regulation of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip M Mackie
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Adithya Gopinath
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Insitute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Dominic M Montas
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Alyssa Nielsen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Aidan Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Rachel A Nolan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Kaitlyn Runner
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Stephanie M Matt
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - John McNamee
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Joshua E Riklan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Kengo Adachi
- Neuronal Signal Transduction Group, Max Plank Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, United States of America
| | - Andria Doty
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Long Yan
- Neuronal Signal Transduction Group, Max Plank Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, United States of America
| | - Peter J Gaskill
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Wolfgang J Streit
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Michael S Okun
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Habibeh Khoshbouei
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
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22
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Philyaw TJ, Rothenfluh A, Titos I. The Use of Drosophila to Understand Psychostimulant Responses. Biomedicines 2022; 10:119. [PMID: 35052798 PMCID: PMC8773124 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The addictive properties of psychostimulants such as cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, and methylphenidate are based on their ability to increase dopaminergic neurotransmission in the reward system. While cocaine and methamphetamine are predominately used recreationally, amphetamine and methylphenidate also work as effective therapeutics to treat symptoms of disorders including attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although both the addictive properties of psychostimulant drugs and their therapeutic efficacy are influenced by genetic variation, very few genes that regulate these processes in humans have been identified. This is largely due to population heterogeneity which entails a requirement for large samples. Drosophila melanogaster exhibits similar psychostimulant responses to humans, a high degree of gene conservation, and allow performance of behavioral assays in a large population. Additionally, amphetamine and methylphenidate reduce impairments in fly models of ADHD-like behavior. Therefore, Drosophila represents an ideal translational model organism to tackle the genetic components underlying the effects of psychostimulants. Here, we break down the many assays that reliably quantify the effects of cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, and methylphenidate in Drosophila. We also discuss how Drosophila is an efficient and cost-effective model organism for identifying novel candidate genes and molecular mechanisms involved in the behavioral responses to psychostimulant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis James Philyaw
- Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
| | - Adrian Rothenfluh
- Department of Psychiatry, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Iris Titos
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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23
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Rapid Regulation of Glutamate Transport: Where Do We Go from Here? Neurochem Res 2022; 47:61-84. [PMID: 33893911 PMCID: PMC8542062 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). A family of five Na+-dependent transporters maintain low levels of extracellular glutamate and shape excitatory signaling. Shortly after the research group of the person being honored in this special issue (Dr. Baruch Kanner) cloned one of these transporters, his group and several others showed that their activity can be acutely (within minutes to hours) regulated. Since this time, several different signals and post-translational modifications have been implicated in the regulation of these transporters. In this review, we will provide a brief introduction to the distribution and function of this family of glutamate transporters. This will be followed by a discussion of the signals that rapidly control the activity and/or localization of these transporters, including protein kinase C, ubiquitination, glutamate transporter substrates, nitrosylation, and palmitoylation. We also include the results of our attempts to define the role of palmitoylation in the regulation of GLT-1 in crude synaptosomes. In some cases, the mechanisms have been fairly well-defined, but in others, the mechanisms are not understood. In several cases, contradictory phenomena have been observed by more than one group; we describe these studies with the goal of identifying the opportunities for advancing the field. Abnormal glutamatergic signaling has been implicated in a wide variety of psychiatric and neurologic disorders. Although recent studies have begun to link regulation of glutamate transporters to the pathogenesis of these disorders, it will be difficult to determine how regulation influences signaling or pathophysiology of glutamate without a better understanding of the mechanisms involved.
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24
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Romanazzi T, Zanella D, Cheng MH, Smith B, Carter AM, Galli A, Bahar I, Bossi E. Bile Acids Gate Dopamine Transporter Mediated Currents. Front Chem 2021; 9:753990. [PMID: 34957043 PMCID: PMC8702627 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.753990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are molecules derived from cholesterol that are involved in dietary fat absorption. New evidence supports an additional role for BAs as regulators of brain function. Sterols such as cholesterol interact with monoamine transporters, including the dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) which plays a key role in DA neurotransmission and reward. This study explores the interactions of the BA, obeticholic acid (OCA), with DAT and characterizes the regulation of DAT activity via both electrophysiology and molecular modeling. We expressed murine DAT (mDAT) in Xenopus laevis oocytes and confirmed its functionality. Next, we showed that OCA promotes a DAT-mediated inward current that is Na+-dependent and not regulated by intracellular calcium. The current induced by OCA was transient in nature, returning to baseline in the continued presence of the BA. OCA also transiently blocked the DAT-mediated Li+-leak current, a feature that parallels DA action and indicates direct binding to the transporter in the absence of Na+. Interestingly, OCA did not alter DA affinity nor the ability of DA to promote a DAT-mediated inward current, suggesting that the interaction of OCA with the transporter is non-competitive, regarding DA. Docking simulations performed for investigating the molecular mechanism of OCA action on DAT activity revealed two potential binding sites. First, in the absence of DA, OCA binds DAT through interactions with D421, a residue normally involved in coordinating the binding of the Na+ ion to the Na2 binding site (Borre et al., J. Biol. Chem., 2014, 289, 25764-25773; Cheng and Bahar, Structure, 2015, 23, 2171-2181). Furthermore, we uncover a separate binding site for OCA on DAT, of equal potential functional impact, that is coordinated by the DAT residues R445 and D436. Binding to that site may stabilize the inward-facing (IF) open state by preventing the re-formation of the IF-gating salt bridges, R60-D436 and R445-E428, that are required for DA transport. This study suggests that BAs may represent novel pharmacological tools to regulate DAT function, and possibly, associated behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Romanazzi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Daniele Zanella
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mary Hongying Cheng
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Behrgen Smith
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Biomolecular Engineering, Milwaukee School of Engineering, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Angela M. Carter
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Aurelio Galli
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Elena Bossi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Center for Research in Neuroscience, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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25
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Sørensen G, Rickhag M, Leo D, Lycas MD, Ridderstrøm PH, Weikop P, Lilja JH, Rifes P, Herborg F, Woldbye D, Wörtwein G, Gainetdinov RR, Fink-Jensen A, Gether U. Disruption of the PDZ domain-binding motif of the dopamine transporter uniquely alters nanoscale distribution, dopamine homeostasis, and reward motivation. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101361. [PMID: 34756883 PMCID: PMC8648841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) is part of a presynaptic multiprotein network involving interactions with scaffold proteins via its C-terminal PDZ domain-binding sequence. Using a mouse model expressing DAT with mutated PDZ-binding sequence (DAT-AAA), we previously demonstrated the importance of this binding sequence for striatal expression of DAT. Here, we show by application of direct stochastic reconstruction microscopy not only that the striatal level of transporter is reduced in DAT-AAA mice but also that the nanoscale distribution of this transporter is altered with a higher propensity of DAT-AAA to localize to irregular nanodomains in dopaminergic terminals. In parallel, we observe mesostriatal DA adaptations and changes in DA-related behaviors distinct from those seen in other genetic DAT mouse models. DA levels in the striatum are reduced to ∼45% of that of WT, accompanied by elevated DA turnover. Nonetheless, fast-scan cyclic voltammetry recordings on striatal slices reveal a larger amplitude and prolonged clearance rate of evoked DA release in DAT-AAA mice compared with WT mice. Autoradiography and radioligand binding show reduced DA D2 receptor levels, whereas immunohistochemistry and autoradiography show unchanged DA D1 receptor levels. In behavioral experiments, we observe enhanced self-administration of liquid food under both a fixed ratio of one and progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement but a reduction compared with WT when using cocaine as reinforcer. In summary, our data demonstrate how disruption of PDZ domain interactions causes changes in DAT expression and its nanoscopic distribution that in turn alter DA clearance dynamics and related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Sørensen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Center & University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mattias Rickhag
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Damiana Leo
- Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Department, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matthew D Lycas
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Herrstedt Ridderstrøm
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Center & University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pia Weikop
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Center & University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jamila H Lilja
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pedro Rifes
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Freja Herborg
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Woldbye
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitta Wörtwein
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Center & University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Raul R Gainetdinov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine and Saint-Petersburg University Hospital, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anders Fink-Jensen
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Center & University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Gether
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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26
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Lavrova AV, Gretskaya NM, Bezuglov VV. Role of Oxidative Stress in the Etiology of Parkinson’s Disease: Advanced Therapeutic Products. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021050307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Chen Y, Lin J, Schlotterer A, Kurowski L, Hoffmann S, Hammad S, Dooley S, Buchholz M, Hu J, Fleming I, Hammes HP. MicroRNA-124 Alleviates Retinal Vasoregression via Regulating Microglial Polarization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011068. [PMID: 34681723 PMCID: PMC8538759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial activation is implicated in retinal vasoregression of the neurodegenerative ciliopathy-associated disease rat model (i.e., the polycystic kidney disease (PKD) model). microRNA can regulate microglial activation and vascular function, but the effect of microRNA-124 (miR-124) on retinal vasoregression remains unclear. Transgenic PKD and wild-type Sprague Dawley (SD) rats received miR-124 at 8 and 10 weeks of age intravitreally. Retinal glia activation was assessed by immunofluorescent staining and in situ hybridization. Vasoregression and neuroretinal function were evaluated by quantitative retinal morphometry and electroretinography (ERG), respectively. Microglial polarization was determined by immunocytochemistry and qRT-PCR. Microglial motility was examined via transwell migration assays, wound healing assays, and single-cell tracking. Our data showed that miR-124 inhibited glial activation and improved vasoregession, as evidenced by the reduced pericyte loss and decreased acellular capillary formation. In addition, miR-124 improved neuroretinal function. miR-124 shifted microglial polarization in the PKD retina from the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype by suppressing TNF-α, IL-1β, CCL2, CCL3, MHC-II, and IFN-γ and upregulating Arg1 and IL-10. miR-124 also decreased microglial motility in the migration assays. The transcriptional factor of C/EBP-α-PU.1 signaling, suppressed by miR-124 both in vivo (PKD retina) and in vitro (microglial cells), could serve as a key regulator in microglial activation and polarization. Our data illustrate that miR-124 regulates microglial activation and polarization. miR-124 inhibits pericyte loss and thereby alleviates vasoregression and ameliorates neurovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (Y.C.); (J.L.); (A.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Jihong Lin
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (Y.C.); (J.L.); (A.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Andrea Schlotterer
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (Y.C.); (J.L.); (A.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Luke Kurowski
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (Y.C.); (J.L.); (A.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Sigrid Hoffmann
- Center of Medical Research, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Seddik Hammad
- Molecular Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (S.H.); (S.D.)
| | - Steven Dooley
- Molecular Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (S.H.); (S.D.)
| | - Malte Buchholz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, University Hospital, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 3, D-35043 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Jiong Hu
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Center for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (J.H.); (I.F.)
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Center for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (J.H.); (I.F.)
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (Y.C.); (J.L.); (A.S.); (L.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-621-383-2663
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28
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de Rus Jacquet A, Tancredi JL, Lemire AL, DeSantis MC, Li WP, O'Shea EK. The LRRK2 G2019S mutation alters astrocyte-to-neuron communication via extracellular vesicles and induces neuron atrophy in a human iPSC-derived model of Parkinson's disease. eLife 2021; 10:e73062. [PMID: 34590578 PMCID: PMC8514240 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are essential cells of the central nervous system, characterized by dynamic relationships with neurons that range from functional metabolic interactions and regulation of neuronal firing activities, to the release of neurotrophic and neuroprotective factors. In Parkinson's disease (PD), dopaminergic neurons are progressively lost during the course of the disease, but the effects of PD on astrocytes and astrocyte-to-neuron communication remain largely unknown. This study focuses on the effects of the PD-related mutation LRRK2 G2019S in astrocytes generated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. We report the alteration of extracellular vesicle (EV) biogenesis in astrocytes and identify the abnormal accumulation of key PD-related proteins within multivesicular bodies (MVBs). We found that dopaminergic neurons internalize astrocyte-secreted EVs and that LRRK2 G2019S EVs are abnormally enriched in neurites and fail to provide full neurotrophic support to dopaminergic neurons. Thus, dysfunctional astrocyte-to-neuron communication via altered EV biological properties may participate in the progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenna L Tancredi
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Andrew L Lemire
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Michael C DeSantis
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Wei-Ping Li
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Erin K O'Shea
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
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29
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Ryan RM, Ingram SL, Scimemi A. Regulation of Glutamate, GABA and Dopamine Transporter Uptake, Surface Mobility and Expression. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:670346. [PMID: 33927596 PMCID: PMC8076567 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.670346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitter transporters limit spillover between synapses and maintain the extracellular neurotransmitter concentration at low yet physiologically meaningful levels. They also exert a key role in providing precursors for neurotransmitter biosynthesis. In many cases, neurons and astrocytes contain a large intracellular pool of transporters that can be redistributed and stabilized in the plasma membrane following activation of different signaling pathways. This means that the uptake capacity of the brain neuropil for different neurotransmitters can be dynamically regulated over the course of minutes, as an indirect consequence of changes in neuronal activity, blood flow, cell-to-cell interactions, etc. Here we discuss recent advances in the mechanisms that control the cell membrane trafficking and biophysical properties of transporters for the excitatory, inhibitory and modulatory neurotransmitters glutamate, GABA, and dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renae M. Ryan
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan L. Ingram
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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30
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Pino JA, Nuñez-Vivanco G, Hidalgo G, Reyes Parada M, Khoshbouei H, Torres GE. Identification of Critical Residues in the Carboxy Terminus of the Dopamine Transporter Involved in the G Protein βγ-Induced Dopamine Efflux. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:642881. [PMID: 33841159 PMCID: PMC8025876 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.642881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopamine transporter (DAT) plays a crucial role in the regulation of brain dopamine (DA) homeostasis through the re-uptake of DA back into the presynaptic terminal. In addition to re-uptake, DAT is also able to release DA through a process referred to as DAT-mediated DA efflux. This is the mechanism by which potent and highly addictive psychostimulants, such as amphetamine (AMPH) and its analogues, increase extracellular DA levels in motivational and reward areas of the brain. Recently, we discovered that G protein βγ subunits (Gβγ) binds to the DAT, and that activation of Gβγ results in DAT-mediated efflux - a similar mechanism as AMPH. Previously, we have shown that Gβγ binds directly to a stretch of 15 residues within the intracellular carboxy terminus of DAT (residues 582-596). Additionally, a TAT peptide containing residues 582 to 596 of DAT was able to block the Gβγ-induced DA efflux through DAT. Here, we use a combination of computational biology, mutagenesis, biochemical, and functional assays to identify the amino acid residues within the 582-596 sequence of the DAT carboxy terminus involved in the DAT-Gβγ interaction and Gβγ-induced DA efflux. Our in-silico protein-protein docking analysis predicted the importance of F587 and R588 residues in a network of interactions with residues in Gβγ. In addition, we observed that mutating R588 to alanine residue resulted in a mutant DAT which exhibited attenuated DA efflux induced by Gβγ activation. We demonstrate that R588, and to a lesser extent F5837, located within the carboxy terminus of DAT play a critical role in the DAT-Gβγ physical interaction and promotion of DA efflux. These results identify a potential new pharmacological target for the treatment of neuropsychiatric conditions in which DAT functionality is implicated including ADHD and substance use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Pino
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó, Chile
| | - Gabriel Nuñez-Vivanco
- Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Gabriela Hidalgo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Miguel Reyes Parada
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica y Aplicada (CIBAP), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Habibeh Khoshbouei
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Gonzalo E Torres
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, CUNY School of Medicine at City College of New York, New York, NY, United States
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31
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Dynamic control of the dopamine transporter in neurotransmission and homeostasis. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2021; 7:22. [PMID: 33674612 PMCID: PMC7935902 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00161-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The dopamine transporter (DAT) transports extracellular dopamine into the intracellular space contributing to the regulation of dopamine neurotransmission. A reduction of DAT density is implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD) by neuroimaging; dopamine turnover is dopamine turnover is elevated in early symptomatic PD and in presymptomatic individuals with monogenic mutations causal for parkinsonism. As an integral plasma membrane protein, DAT surface expression is dynamically regulated through endocytic trafficking, enabling flexible control of dopamine signaling in time and space, which in turn critically modulates movement, motivation and learning behavior. Yet the cellular machinery and functional implications of DAT trafficking remain enigmatic. In this review we summarize mechanisms governing DAT trafficking under normal physiological conditions and discuss how PD-linked mutations may disturb DAT homeostasis. We highlight the complexity of DAT trafficking and reveal DAT dysregulation as a common theme in genetic models of parkinsonism.
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Brandel A, Aigal S, Lagies S, Schlimpert M, Meléndez AV, Xu M, Lehmann A, Hummel D, Fisch D, Madl J, Eierhoff T, Kammerer B, Römer W. The Gb3-enriched CD59/flotillin plasma membrane domain regulates host cell invasion by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3637-3656. [PMID: 33555391 PMCID: PMC8038999 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03766-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa has gained precedence over the years due to its ability to develop resistance to existing antibiotics, thereby necessitating alternative strategies to understand and combat the bacterium. Our previous work identified the interaction between the bacterial lectin LecA and its host cell glycosphingolipid receptor globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) as a crucial step for the engulfment of P. aeruginosa via the lipid zipper mechanism. In this study, we define the LecA-associated host cell membrane domain by pull-down and mass spectrometry analysis. We unraveled a predilection of LecA for binding to saturated, long fatty acyl chain-containing Gb3 species in the extracellular membrane leaflet and an induction of dynamic phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) clusters at the intracellular leaflet co-localizing with sites of LecA binding. We found flotillins and the GPI-anchored protein CD59 not only to be an integral part of the LecA-interacting membrane domain, but also majorly influencing bacterial invasion as depletion of either of these host cell proteins resulted in about 50% reduced invasiveness of the P. aeruginosa strain PAO1. In summary, we report that the LecA-Gb3 interaction at the extracellular leaflet induces the formation of a plasma membrane domain enriched in saturated Gb3 species, CD59, PIP3 and flotillin thereby facilitating efficient uptake of PAO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Brandel
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS, Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sahaja Aigal
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon Lagies
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis, University of Freiburg, Habsburgerstraße 49, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 19a, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Schlimpert
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis, University of Freiburg, Habsburgerstraße 49, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 19a, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ana Valeria Meléndez
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS, Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 19a, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maokai Xu
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS, Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anika Lehmann
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS, Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Hummel
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Fisch
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Host-Toxoplasma Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Josef Madl
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Elsässer Straße 2q, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Eierhoff
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Albert Schweitzer Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernd Kammerer
- BIOSS, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis, University of Freiburg, Habsburgerstraße 49, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 19a, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Römer
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- BIOSS, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- CIBSS, Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 19a, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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Abstract
Flotillins 1 and 2 are two ubiquitous, highly conserved homologous proteins that assemble to form heterotetramers at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane in cholesterol- and sphingolipid-enriched domains. Flotillin heterotetramers can assemble into large oligomers to form molecular scaffolds that regulate the clustering of at the plasma membrane and activity of several receptors. Moreover, flotillins are upregulated in many invasive carcinomas and also in sarcoma, and this is associated with poor prognosis and metastasis formation. When upregulated, flotillins promote plasma membrane invagination and induce an endocytic pathway that allows the targeting of cargo proteins in the late endosomal compartment in which flotillins accumulate. These late endosomes are not degradative, and participate in the recycling and secretion of protein cargos. The cargos of this Upregulated Flotillin–Induced Trafficking (UFIT) pathway include molecules involved in signaling, adhesion, and extracellular matrix remodeling, thus favoring the acquisition of an invasive cellular behavior leading to metastasis formation. Thus, flotillin presence from the plasma membrane to the late endosomal compartment influences the activity, and even modifies the trafficking and fate of key protein cargos, favoring the development of diseases, for instance tumors. This review summarizes the current knowledge on flotillins and their role in cancer development focusing on their function in cellular membrane remodeling and vesicular trafficking regulation.
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Identification by proximity labeling of novel lipidic and proteinaceous potential partners of the dopamine transporter. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7733-7756. [PMID: 34709416 PMCID: PMC8629785 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03998-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) transporters (DATs) are regulated by trafficking and modulatory processes that probably rely on stable and transient interactions with neighboring proteins and lipids. Using proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID), we found novel potential partners for DAT, including several membrane proteins, such as the transmembrane chaperone 4F2hc, the proteolipid M6a and a potential membrane receptor for progesterone (PGRMC2). We also detected two cytoplasmic proteins: a component of the Cullin1-dependent ubiquitination machinery termed F-box/LRR-repeat protein 2 (FBXL2), and the enzyme inositol 5-phosphatase 2 (SHIP2). Immunoprecipitation (IP) and immunofluorescence studies confirmed either a physical association or a close spatial proximity between these proteins and DAT. M6a, SHIP2 and the Cullin1 system were shown to increase DAT activity in coexpression experiments, suggesting a functional role for their association. Deeper analysis revealed that M6a, which is enriched in neuronal protrusions (filopodia or dendritic spines), colocalized with DAT in these structures. In addition, the product of SHIP2 enzymatic activity (phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate [PI(3,4)P2]) was tightly associated with DAT, as shown by co-IP and by colocalization of mCherry-DAT with a specific biosensor for this phospholipid. PI(3,4)P2 strongly stimulated transport activity in electrophysiological recordings, and conversely, inhibition of SHIP2 reduced DA uptake in several experimental systems including striatal synaptosomes and the dopaminergic cell line SH-SY5Y. In summary, here we report several potential new partners for DAT and a novel regulatory lipid, which may represent new pharmacological targets for DAT, a pivotal protein in dopaminergic function of the brain.
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Zhang Y, Yang HT, Kadash-Edmondson K, Pan Y, Pan Z, Davidson BL, Xing Y. Regional Variation of Splicing QTLs in Human Brain. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:196-210. [PMID: 32589925 PMCID: PMC7413857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A major question in human genetics is how sequence variants of broadly expressed genes produce tissue- and cell type-specific molecular phenotypes. Genetic variation of alternative splicing is a prevalent source of transcriptomic and proteomic diversity in human populations. We investigated splicing quantitative trait loci (sQTLs) in 1,209 samples from 13 human brain regions, using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and genotype data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. Hundreds of sQTLs were identified in each brain region. Some sQTLs were shared across brain regions, whereas others displayed regional specificity. These “regionally ubiquitous” and “regionally specific” sQTLs showed distinct positional distributions of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within and outside essential splice sites, respectively, suggesting their regulation by distinct molecular mechanisms. Integrating the binding motifs and expression patterns of RNA binding proteins with exon splicing profiles, we uncovered likely causal variants underlying brain region-specific sQTLs. Notably, SNP rs17651213 created a putative binding site for the splicing factor RBFOX2 and was associated with increased splicing of MAPT exon 3 in cerebellar tissues, where RBFOX2 was highly expressed. Overall, our study reveals a more comprehensive spectrum and regional variation of sQTLs in human brain and demonstrates that such regional variation can be used to fine map potential causal variants of sQTLs and their associated neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yida Zhang
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Harry Taegyun Yang
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kathryn Kadash-Edmondson
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yang Pan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhicheng Pan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Beverly L Davidson
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yi Xing
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Quinlan MA, Robson MJ, Ye R, Rose KL, Schey KL, Blakely RD. Ex vivo Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Serotonin Transporter Interactome: Network Impact of the SERT Ala56 Coding Variant. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:89. [PMID: 32581705 PMCID: PMC7295033 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered serotonin (5-HT) signaling is associated with multiple brain disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The presynaptic, high-affinity 5-HT transporter (SERT) tightly regulates 5-HT clearance after release from serotonergic neurons in the brain and enteric nervous systems, among other sites. Accumulating evidence suggests that SERT is dynamically regulated in distinct activity states as a result of environmental and intracellular stimuli, with regulation perturbed by disease-associated coding variants. Our lab identified a rare, hypermorphic SERT coding substitution, Gly56Ala, in subjects with ASD, finding that the Ala56 variant stabilizes a high-affinity outward-facing conformation (SERT∗) that leads to elevated 5-HT uptake in vitro and in vivo. Hyperactive SERT Ala56 appears to preclude further activity enhancements by p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and can be normalized by pharmacological p38α MAPK inhibition, consistent with SERT Ala56 mimicking, constitutively, a high-activity conformation entered into transiently by p38α MAPK activation. We hypothesize that changes in SERT-interacting proteins (SIPs) support the shift of SERT into the SERT∗ state which may be captured by comparing the composition of SERT Ala56 protein complexes with those of wildtype (WT) SERT, defining specific interactions through comparisons of protein complexes recovered using preparations from SERT–/– (knockout; KO) mice. Using quantitative proteomic-based approaches, we identify a total of 459 SIPs, that demonstrate both SERT specificity and sensitivity to the Gly56Ala substitution, with a striking bias being a loss of SIP interactions with SERT Ala56 compared to WT SERT. Among this group are previously validated SIPs, such as flotillin-1 (FLOT1) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), whose functions are believed to contribute to SERT microdomain localization and regulation. Interestingly, our studies nominate a number of novel SIPs implicated in ASD, including fragile X mental retardation 1 protein (FMR1) and SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 3 (SHANK3), of potential relevance to long-standing evidence of serotonergic contributions to ASD. Further investigation of these SIPs, and the broader networks they engage, may afford a greater understanding of ASD as well as other brain and peripheral disorders associated with perturbed 5-HT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan A Quinlan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Matthew J Robson
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ran Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Kristie L Rose
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Kevin L Schey
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Randy D Blakely
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States
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Khan JA, Sohail A, Jayaraman K, Szöllősi D, Sandtner W, Sitte HH, Stockner T. The Amino Terminus of LeuT Changes Conformation in an Environment Sensitive Manner. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1387-1398. [PMID: 31858375 PMCID: PMC7260283 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02928-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitter:sodium symporters are highly expressed in the human brain and catalyze the uptake of substrate through the plasma membrane by using the electrochemical gradient of sodium as the energy source. The bacterial homolog LeuT, a small amino acid transporter isolated from the bacteria Aquifex aeolicus, is the founding member of the family and has been crystallized in three conformations. The N-terminus is structurally well defined and strongly interacts with the transporter core in the outward-facing conformations. However, it could not be resolved in the inward-facing conformation, which indicates enhanced mobility. Here we investigate conformations and dynamics of the N-terminus, by combining molecular dynamics simulations with experimental verification using distance measurements and accessibility studies. We found strongly increased dynamics of the N-terminus, but also that helix TM1A is subject to enhanced mobility. TM1A moves towards the transporter core in the membrane environment, reaching a conformation that is closer to the structure of LeuT with wild type sequence, indicating that the mutation introduced to create the inward-facing structure might have altered the position of helix TM1A. The mobile N-terminus avoids entering the open vestibule of the inward-facing state, as accessibility studies do not show any reduction of quenching by iodide of a fluorophore attached to the N-terminus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad A Khan
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstr. 13a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Azmat Sohail
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstr. 13a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kumaresan Jayaraman
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstr. 13a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dániel Szöllősi
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstr. 13a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Sandtner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstr. 13a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald H Sitte
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstr. 13a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Stockner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstr. 13a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Fagan RR, Kearney PJ, Sweeney CG, Luethi D, Schoot Uiterkamp FE, Schicker K, Alejandro BS, O'Connor LC, Sitte HH, Melikian HE. Dopamine transporter trafficking and Rit2 GTPase: Mechanism of action and in vivo impact. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:5229-5244. [PMID: 32132171 PMCID: PMC7170531 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Following its evoked release, dopamine (DA) signaling is rapidly terminated by presynaptic reuptake, mediated by the cocaine-sensitive DA transporter (DAT). DAT surface availability is dynamically regulated by endocytic trafficking, and direct protein kinase C (PKC) activation acutely diminishes DAT surface expression by accelerating DAT internalization. Previous cell line studies demonstrated that PKC-stimulated DAT endocytosis requires both Ack1 inactivation, which releases a DAT-specific endocytic brake, and the neuronal GTPase, Rit2, which binds DAT. However, it is unknown whether Rit2 is required for PKC-stimulated DAT endocytosis in DAergic terminals or whether there are region- and/or sex-dependent differences in PKC-stimulated DAT trafficking. Moreover, the mechanisms by which Rit2 controls PKC-stimulated DAT endocytosis are unknown. Here, we directly examined these important questions. Ex vivo studies revealed that PKC activation acutely decreased DAT surface expression selectively in ventral, but not dorsal, striatum. AAV-mediated, conditional Rit2 knockdown in DAergic neurons impacted baseline DAT surface:intracellular distribution in DAergic terminals from female ventral, but not dorsal, striatum. Further, Rit2 was required for PKC-stimulated DAT internalization in both male and female ventral striatum. FRET and surface pulldown studies in cell lines revealed that PKC activation drives DAT-Rit2 surface dissociation and that the DAT N terminus is required for both PKC-mediated DAT-Rit2 dissociation and DAT internalization. Finally, we found that Rit2 and Ack1 independently converge on DAT to facilitate PKC-stimulated DAT endocytosis. Together, our data provide greater insight into mechanisms that mediate PKC-regulated DAT internalization and reveal unexpected region-specific differences in PKC-stimulated DAT trafficking in bona fide DAergic terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita R Fagan
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Patrick J Kearney
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Carolyn G Sweeney
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Dino Luethi
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Florianne E Schoot Uiterkamp
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Klaus Schicker
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Brian S Alejandro
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Lauren C O'Connor
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Harald H Sitte
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Haley E Melikian
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605.
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Kreisler AD, Terranova MJ, Somkuwar SS, Purohit DC, Wang S, Head BP, Mandyam CD. In vivo reduction of striatal D1R by RNA interference alters expression of D1R signaling-related proteins and enhances methamphetamine addiction in male rats. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:1073-1088. [PMID: 32246242 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02059-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to determine if reducing dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) expression in the dorsal striatum (DS) via RNA-interference alters methamphetamine self-administration. A lentiviral construct containing a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to knock down D1R expression (D1RshRNA). D1RshRNA in male rats increased responding for methamphetamine (i.v.) under a fixed-ratio schedule in an extended access paradigm, compared to D1R-intact rats. D1RshRNA also produced a vertical shift in a dose-response paradigm and enhanced responding for methamphetamine in a progressive-ratio schedule, generating a drug-vulnerable phenotype. D1RshRNA did not alter responding for sucrose (oral) under a fixed-ratio schedule compared to D1R-intact rats. Western blotting confirmed reduced D1R expression in methamphetamine and sucrose D1RshRNA rats. D1RshRNA reduced the expression of PSD-95 and MAPK-1 and increased the expression of dopamine transporter (DAT) in the DS from methamphetamine, but not sucrose rats. Sucrose density gradient fractionation was performed in behavior-naïve controls, D1RshRNA- and D1R-intact rats to determine the subcellular localization of D1Rs, DAT and D1R signaling proteins. D1Rs, DAT, MAPK-1 and PSD-95 predominantly localized to heavy fractions, and the membrane/lipid raft protein caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and flotillin-1 were distributed equally between buoyant and heavy fractions in controls. Methamphetamine increased localization of PSD-95, Cav-1, and flotillin-1 in D1RshRNA and D1R-intact rats to buoyant fractions. Our studies indicate that reduced D1R expression in the DS increases vulnerability to methamphetamine addiction-like behavior, and this is accompanied by striatal alterations in the expression of DAT and D1R signaling proteins and is independent of the subcellular localization of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shanshan Wang
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | - Brian P Head
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | - Chitra D Mandyam
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.
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40
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Flotillins: At the Intersection of Protein S-Palmitoylation and Lipid-Mediated Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072283. [PMID: 32225034 PMCID: PMC7177705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Flotillin-1 and flotillin-2 are ubiquitously expressed, membrane-associated proteins involved in multifarious cellular events from cell signaling, endocytosis, and protein trafficking to gene expression. They also contribute to oncogenic signaling. Flotillins bind the cytosolic leaflet of the plasma membrane and endomembranes and, upon hetero-oligomerization, serve as scaffolds facilitating the assembly of multiprotein complexes at the membrane-cytosol interface. Additional functions unique to flotillin-1 have been discovered recently. The membrane-binding of flotillins is regulated by S-palmitoylation and N-myristoylation, hydrophobic interactions involving specific regions of the polypeptide chain and, to some extent, also by their oligomerization. All these factors endow flotillins with an ability to associate with the sphingolipid/cholesterol-rich plasma membrane domains called rafts. In this review, we focus on the critical input of lipids to the regulation of the flotillin association with rafts and thereby to their functioning. In particular, we discuss how the recent developments in the field of protein S-palmitoylation have contributed to the understanding of flotillin1/2-mediated processes, including endocytosis, and of those dependent exclusively on flotillin-1. We also emphasize that flotillins affect directly or indirectly the cellular levels of lipids involved in diverse signaling cascades, including sphingosine-1-phosphate and PI(4,5)P2. The mutual relations between flotillins and distinct lipids are key to the regulation of their involvement in numerous cellular processes.
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41
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Thalwieser Z, Király N, Fonódi M, Csortos C, Boratkó A. Protein phosphatase 2A-mediated flotillin-1 dephosphorylation up-regulates endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis regulation. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:20196-20206. [PMID: 31753918 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells have key functions in endothelial barrier integrity and in responses to angiogenic signals that promote cell proliferation, cell migration, cytoskeletal reorganization, and formation of new blood vessels. These functions highly depend on protein-protein interactions in cell-cell junction and cell attachment complexes and on interactions with cytoskeletal proteins. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) dephosphorylates several target proteins involved in cytoskeletal dynamics and cell adhesion. Our goal was to find new interacting and substrate proteins of the PP2A-B55α holoenzyme in bovine pulmonary endothelial cells. Using LC-MS/MS analysis, we identified flotillin-1 as a protein that binds recombinant GSH S-transferase-tagged PP2A-B55α. Immunoprecipitation experiments, proximity ligation assays, and immunofluorescent staining confirmed the interaction between these two endogenous proteins in endothelial cells. Originally, flotillins were described as regulatory proteins for axon regeneration, but they appear to function in many cellular processes, such as membrane receptor signaling, endocytosis, and cell adhesion. Ser315 is a known PKC-targeted site in flotillin-1. Utilizing phosphomutants of flotillin-1 and the NanoBiT luciferase assay, we show here that phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of Ser315 in flotillin-1 significantly affects its interaction with PP2A-B55α and that PP2A-B55α dephosphorylates phospho-Ser315 Spreading, attachment, migration, and in vitro tube formation rates of S315A variant-overexpressing cells were faster than those of nontransfected or S315D-transfected cells. These results indicate that the PP2A-flotillin-1 interaction identified here affects major physiological activities of pulmonary endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Thalwieser
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Király
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Márton Fonódi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csilla Csortos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anita Boratkó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Kovtun O, Tomlinson ID, Ferguson RS, Rosenthal SJ. Quantum dots reveal heterogeneous membrane diffusivity and dynamic surface density polarization of dopamine transporter. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225339. [PMID: 31751387 PMCID: PMC6872175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The presynaptic dopamine transporter mediates rapid reuptake of synaptic dopamine. Although cell surface DAT trafficking recently emerged as an important component of DAT regulation, it has not been systematically investigated. Here, we apply our single quantum dot (Qdot) tracking approach to monitor DAT plasma membrane dynamics in several heterologous expression cell hosts with nanometer localization accuracy. We demonstrate that Qdot-tagged DAT proteins exhibited highly heterogeneous membrane diffusivity dependent on the local membrane topography. We also show that Qdot-tagged DATs were localized away from the flat membrane regions and were dynamically retained in the membrane protrusions and cell edges for the duration of imaging. Single quantum dot tracking of wildtype DAT and its conformation-defective coding variants (R60A and W63A) revealed a significantly accelerated rate of dysfunctional DAT membrane diffusion. We believe our results warrant an in-depth investigation as to whether compromised membrane dynamics is a common feature of brain disorder-derived DAT mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Kovtun
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Ian D. Tomlinson
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Riley S. Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Sandra J. Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zhong J, Li S, Zeng W, Li X, Gu C, Liu J, Luo XJ. Integration of GWAS and brain eQTL identifies FLOT1 as a risk gene for major depressive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:1542-1551. [PMID: 30771789 PMCID: PMC6785150 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0345-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most prevalent mental disorder that affects more than 200 million people worldwide. Recent large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple risk variants that show robust association with MDD. Nevertheless, how the identified risk variants confer risk of MDD remains largely unknown. To identify risk variants that are associated with gene expression in human brain and to identify genes whose expression change may contribute to the susceptibility of MDD, we systematically integrated the genetic associations from a large-scale MDD GWAS (N = 480,359) and brain expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data (N = 494) using a Bayesian statistical framework (Sherlock). Sherlock integrative analysis showed that FLOT1 was significantly associated with MDD (P = 6.02 × 10-6), suggesting that risk variants may contribute to MDD susceptibility through affecting FLOT1 expression. We further examined the expression level of FLOT1 in MDD cases and controls and found that FLOT1 was significantly upregulated in brains and peripheral blood of MDD cases compared with controls (European sample). Interestingly, we found that FLOT1 expression was also significantly upregulated in peripheral blood of first-episode drug-naive MDD cases compared with controls (P = 1.01 × 10-7, Chinese sample). Our study identified FLOT1 as a novel MDD risk gene whose expression level may play a role in MDD. In addition, our findings also suggest that risk variants may confer risk of MDD through affecting expression of FLOT1. Further functional investigation of FLOT1 may provide new insights for MDD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmei Zhong
- The first people’s hospital of Yunnan province, Psychiatry Department, 650032 Kunming, Yunnan China
| | - Shiwu Li
- 0000000119573309grid.9227.eKey Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223 Kunming, Yunnan China ,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650204 Kunming, Yunnan China
| | - Wanli Zeng
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Science, 650106 Kunming, Yunnan China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- 0000000119573309grid.9227.eKey Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223 Kunming, Yunnan China ,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650204 Kunming, Yunnan China
| | - Chunjie Gu
- The first people’s hospital of Yunnan province, Psychiatry Department, 650032 Kunming, Yunnan China
| | - Jiewei Liu
- 0000000119573309grid.9227.eKey Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223 Kunming, Yunnan China
| | - Xiong-Jian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, Yunnan, China. .,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650204, Kunming, Yunnan, China. .,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China. .,KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Park JK, Kim KY, Sim YW, Kim YI, Kim JK, Lee C, Han J, Kim CU, Lee JE, Park S. Structures of three ependymin-related proteins suggest their function as a hydrophobic molecule binder. IUCRJ 2019; 6:729-739. [PMID: 31316816 PMCID: PMC6608618 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252519007668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ependymin was first discovered as a predominant protein in brain extracellular fluid in fish and was suggested to be involved in functions mostly related to learning and memory. Orthologous proteins to ependymin called ependymin-related proteins (EPDRs) have been found to exist in various tissues from sea urchins to humans, yet their functional role remains to be revealed. In this study, the structures of EPDR1 from frog, mouse and human were determined and analyzed. All of the EPDR1s fold into a dimer using a monomeric subunit that is mostly made up of two stacking antiparallel β-sheets with a curvature on one side, resulting in the formation of a deep hydrophobic pocket. All six of the cysteine residues in the monomeric subunit participate in the formation of three intramolecular disulfide bonds. Other interesting features of EPDR1 include two asparagine residues with glycosylation and a Ca2+-binding site. The EPDR1 fold is very similar to the folds of bacterial VioE and LolA/LolB, which also use a similar hydrophobic pocket for their respective functions as a hydrophobic substrate-binding enzyme and a lipoprotein carrier, respectively. A further fatty-acid binding assay using EPDR1 suggests that it indeed binds to fatty acids, presumably via this pocket. Additional interactome analysis of EPDR1 showed that EPDR1 interacts with insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor and flotillin proteins, which are known to be involved in protein and vesicle translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Kuk Park
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Young Kim
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Won Sim
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-In Kim
- Center for Bioanalysis, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyun Kim
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Lee
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongran Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Un Kim
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - J. Eugene Lee
- Center for Bioanalysis, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - SangYoun Park
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
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Bolland DE, Moritz AE, Stanislowski DJ, Vaughan RA, Foster JD. Palmitoylation by Multiple DHHC Enzymes Enhances Dopamine Transporter Function and Stability. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2707-2717. [PMID: 30965003 PMCID: PMC6746250 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The dopamine transporter (DAT) is a plasma membrane protein that mediates the reuptake of extracellular dopamine (DA) and controls the spatiotemporal dynamics of dopaminergic neurotransmission. The transporter is subject to fine control that tailors clearance of transmitter to physiological demands, and dysregulation of reuptake induced by psychostimulant drugs, transporter polymorphisms, and signaling defects may impact transmitter tone in disease states. We previously demonstrated that DAT undergoes complex regulation by palmitoylation, with acute inhibition of the modification leading to rapid reduction of transport activity and sustained inhibition of the modification leading to transporter degradation and reduced expression. Here, to examine mechanisms and outcomes related to increased modification, we coexpressed DAT with palmitoyl acyltransferases (PATs), also known as DHHC enzymes, which catalyze palmitate addition to proteins. Of 12 PATs tested, DAT palmitoylation was stimulated by DHHC2, DHHC3, DHHC8, DHHC15, and DHHC17, with others having no effect. Increased modification was localized to previously identified palmitoylation site Cys580 and resulted in upregulation of transport kinetics and elevated transporter expression mediated by reduced degradation. These findings confirm palmitoylation as a regulator of multiple DAT properties crucial for appropriate DA homeostasis and identify several potential PAT pathways linked to these effects. Defects in palmitoylation processes thus represent possible mechanisms of transport imbalances in DA disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel J. Stanislowski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202
| | - Roxanne A. Vaughan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202
| | - James D. Foster
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202
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46
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Kobayashi J, Hasegawa T, Sugeno N, Yoshida S, Akiyama T, Fujimori K, Hatakeyama H, Miki Y, Tomiyama A, Kawata Y, Fukuda M, Kawahata I, Yamakuni T, Ezura M, Kikuchi A, Baba T, Takeda A, Kanzaki M, Wakabayashi K, Okano H, Aoki M. Extracellular α-synuclein enters dopaminergic cells by modulating flotillin-1-assisted dopamine transporter endocytosis. FASEB J 2019; 33:10240-10256. [PMID: 31211923 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802051r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The neuropathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD) include the appearance of α-synuclein (α-SYN)-positive Lewy bodies (LBs) and the loss of catecholaminergic neurons. Thus, a potential mechanism promoting the uptake of extracellular α-SYN may exist in susceptible neurons. Of the various differentially expressed proteins, we are interested in flotillin (FLOT)-1 because this protein is highly expressed in the brainstem catecholaminergic neurons and is strikingly up-regulated in PD brains. In this study, we found that extracellular monomeric and fibrillar α-SYN can potentiate FLOT1-dopamine transporter (DAT) binding and pre-endocytic clustering of DAT on the cell surface, thereby facilitating DAT endocytosis and down-regulating its transporter activity. Moreover, we demonstrated that α-SYN itself exploited the DAT endocytic process to enter dopaminergic neuron-like cells, and both FLOT1 and DAT were found to be the components of LBs. Altogether, these findings revealed a novel role of extracellular α-SYN on cellular trafficking of DAT and may provide a rationale for the cell type-specific, functional, and pathologic alterations in PD.-Kobayashi, J., Hasegawa, T., Sugeno, N., Yoshida, S., Akiyama, T., Fujimori, K., Hatakeyama, H., Miki, Y., Tomiyama, A., Kawata, Y., Fukuda, M., Kawahata, I., Yamakuni, T., Ezura, M., Kikuchi, A., Baba, T., Takeda, A., Kanzaki, M., Wakabayashi, K., Okano, H., Aoki, M. Extracellular α-synuclein enters dopaminergic cells by modulating flotillin-1-assisted dopamine transporter endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Kobayashi
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Yonezawa Hospital, Yonezawa, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hasegawa
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoto Sugeno
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shun Yoshida
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Akiyama
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koki Fujimori
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Hatakeyama
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuo Miki
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Arata Tomiyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kawata
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Fukuda
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawahata
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tohru Yamakuni
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Michinori Ezura
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akio Kikuchi
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toru Baba
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Sendai-Nishitaga Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takeda
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Sendai-Nishitaga Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Makoto Kanzaki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Koichi Wakabayashi
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Corradi V, Sejdiu BI, Mesa-Galloso H, Abdizadeh H, Noskov SY, Marrink SJ, Tieleman DP. Emerging Diversity in Lipid-Protein Interactions. Chem Rev 2019; 119:5775-5848. [PMID: 30758191 PMCID: PMC6509647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Membrane lipids interact with proteins in a variety of ways, ranging from providing a stable membrane environment for proteins to being embedded in to detailed roles in complicated and well-regulated protein functions. Experimental and computational advances are converging in a rapidly expanding research area of lipid-protein interactions. Experimentally, the database of high-resolution membrane protein structures is growing, as are capabilities to identify the complex lipid composition of different membranes, to probe the challenging time and length scales of lipid-protein interactions, and to link lipid-protein interactions to protein function in a variety of proteins. Computationally, more accurate membrane models and more powerful computers now enable a detailed look at lipid-protein interactions and increasing overlap with experimental observations for validation and joint interpretation of simulation and experiment. Here we review papers that use computational approaches to study detailed lipid-protein interactions, together with brief experimental and physiological contexts, aiming at comprehensive coverage of simulation papers in the last five years. Overall, a complex picture of lipid-protein interactions emerges, through a range of mechanisms including modulation of the physical properties of the lipid environment, detailed chemical interactions between lipids and proteins, and key functional roles of very specific lipids binding to well-defined binding sites on proteins. Computationally, despite important limitations, molecular dynamics simulations with current computer power and theoretical models are now in an excellent position to answer detailed questions about lipid-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Corradi
- Centre
for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Besian I. Sejdiu
- Centre
for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Haydee Mesa-Galloso
- Centre
for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Haleh Abdizadeh
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute
for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sergei Yu. Noskov
- Centre
for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Siewert J. Marrink
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute
for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - D. Peter Tieleman
- Centre
for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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Zhang-James Y, Vaudel M, Mjaavatten O, Berven FS, Haavik J, Faraone SV. Effect of disease-associated SLC9A9 mutations on protein-protein interaction networks: implications for molecular mechanisms for ADHD and autism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 11:91-105. [PMID: 30927234 DOI: 10.1007/s12402-018-0281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Na+/H+ Exchanger 9 (NHE9) is an endosomal membrane protein encoded by the Solute Carrier 9A, member 9 gene (SLC9A9). SLC9A9 has been implicated in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), epilepsy, multiple sclerosis and cancers. To better understand the function of NHE9 and the effects of disease-associated variants on protein-protein interactions, we conducted a quantitative analysis of the NHE9 interactome using co-immunoprecipitation and isobaric labeling-based quantitative mass spectrometry. We identified 100 proteins that interact with NHE9. These proteins were enriched in known functional pathways for NHE9: the endocytosis, protein ubiquitination and phagosome pathways, as well as some novel pathways including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, mTOR signaling, cell death and RNA processing pathways. An ADHD-associated mutation (A409P) significantly altered NHE9's interactions with a subset of proteins involved in caveolae-mediated endocytosis and MAP2K2-mediated downstream signaling. An ASD nonsense mutation in SLC9A9, R423X, produced no-detectable amount of NHE9, suggesting the overall loss of NHE9 functional networks. In addition, seven of the NHE9 interactors are products of known autism candidate genes (Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative, SFARI Gene) and 90% of the NHE9 interactome overlap with SFARI protein interaction network PIN (p < 0.0001), supporting the role of NHE9 interactome in ASDs molecular mechanisms. Our results provide a detailed understanding of the functions of protein NHE9 and its disrupted interactions, possibly underlying ADHD and ASDs. Furthermore, our methodological framework proved useful for functional characterization of disease-associated genetic variants and suggestion of druggable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhang-James
- Departments of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams St., Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Marc Vaudel
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Olav Mjaavatten
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frode S Berven
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams St., Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA. .,Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams St., Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
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49
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Bartolomé-Martín D, Ibáñez I, Piniella D, Martínez-Blanco E, Pelaz SG, Zafra F. Identification of potassium channel proteins Kv7.2/7.3 as common partners of the dopamine and glutamate transporters DAT and GLT-1. Neuropharmacology 2019; 161:107568. [PMID: 30885609 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine and glutamate transporters (DAT and GLT-1, respectively) share some biophysical characteristics, as both are secondary active carriers coupled to electrochemical ion gradients. In order to identify common or specific components of their respective proteomes, we performed a proximity labelling assay (BioID) in the hippocampal cell line HT22. While most of the identified proteins were specific for each transporter (and will be analyzed elsewhere), we detected two membrane proteins in the shared interactome of GLT-1 and DAT: the transmembrane protein 263 (Tmem263) and the potassium channel protein Kv7.3. However, only Kv7.3 formed immunoprecipitable complexes with GLT-1 and DAT in lysates of transfected HEK293 cells. Moreover, either DAT or GLT-1 co-clustered with Kv7.2/7.3 along the axonal tracts in co-transfected primary neurons, indicating a close spatial proximity between these proteins. Kv7.3, forming heterotetramers with the closely related subunit Kv7.2, underlies the M-currents that control the resting membrane potential and spiking activity in neurons. To investigate whether the presence of the potassium channel affected DAT or GLT-1 function, we performed uptake determinations using radioactive substrate and electrophysiological measurements. Uptake through both transporters was mildly stimulated by the presence of the channel, an effect that was reversed by the potassium channel blocker XE-991. Electrophysiological recording (in transfected HT22 and differentiated SH-SY5Y cells) indicated that the depolarizing effect induced by the presence of the neurotransmitter was reverted by the activity of the potassium channel. Altogether, these data suggest a tight spatial and functional relationship between the DAT/GLT-1 transporters and the Kv7.2/7.3 potassium channel that immediately readjusts the membrane potential of the neuron, probably to limit the neurotransmitter-mediated neuronal depolarization. This article is part of the issue entitled 'Special Issue on Neurotransmitter Transporters'.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bartolomé-Martín
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Facultad de Ciencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; IdiPAZ, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ibáñez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Facultad de Ciencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; IdiPAZ, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Piniella
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Facultad de Ciencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; IdiPAZ, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Martínez-Blanco
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Facultad de Ciencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; IdiPAZ, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara G Pelaz
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Facultad de Ciencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Zafra
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Facultad de Ciencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; IdiPAZ, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Lebowitz JJ, Pino JA, Mackie PM, Lin M, Hurst C, Divita K, Collins AT, Koutzoumis DN, Torres GE, Khoshbouei H. Clustered Kv2.1 decreases dopamine transporter activity and internalization. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:6957-6971. [PMID: 30824538 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The dopamine transporter (DAT) regulates dopamine neurotransmission via reuptake of dopamine released into the extracellular space. Interactions with partner proteins alter DAT function and thereby dynamically shape dopaminergic tone important for normal brain function. However, the extent and nature of these interactions are incompletely understood. Here, we describe a novel physical and functional interaction between DAT and the voltage-gated K+ channel Kv2.1 (potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 1 or KCNB1). To examine the functional consequences of this interaction, we employed a combination of immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence live-cell microscopy, co-immunoprecipitation, and electrophysiological approaches. Consistent with previous reports, we found Kv2.1 is trafficked to membrane-bound clusters observed both in vivo and in vitro in rodent dopamine neurons. Our data provide evidence that clustered Kv2.1 channels decrease DAT's lateral mobility and inhibit its internalization, while also decreasing canonical transporter activity by altering DAT's conformational equilibrium. These results suggest that Kv2.1 clusters exert a spatially discrete homeostatic braking mechanism on DAT by inducing a relative increase in inward-facing transporters. Given recent reports of Kv2.1 dysregulation in neurological disorders, it is possible that alterations in the functional interaction between DAT and Kv2.1 affect dopamine neuron activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Lebowitz
- From the Departments of Neuroscience and.,T32 in Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Fixel Center for Neurological Diseases, UF Health, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Jose A Pino
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610 and
| | | | - Min Lin
- From the Departments of Neuroscience and
| | | | | | | | - Dimitri N Koutzoumis
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610 and
| | - Gonzalo E Torres
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610 and
| | - Habibeh Khoshbouei
- From the Departments of Neuroscience and .,T32 in Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Fixel Center for Neurological Diseases, UF Health, Gainesville, Florida 32610
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