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Leir SH, Tkachenko S, Paranjapye A, Meckler F, Van Wettere AJ, Kerschner JL, Kuznetsov E, Schacht M, Gillurkar P, Regouski M, Viotti Perisse I, Marriott CM, Liu Y, Bunderson I, White KL, Polejaeva IA, Harris A. Stellate cells are in utero markers of pancreatic disease in cystic fibrosis. Mol Med 2024; 30:115. [PMID: 39112965 PMCID: PMC11304907 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00871-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic fibrosis is an early diagnostic feature of the common inherited disorder cystic fibrosis (CF). Many people with CF (pwCF) are pancreatic insufficient from birth and the replacement of acinar tissue with cystic lesions and fibrosis is a progressive phenotype that may later lead to diabetes. Little is known about the initiating events in the fibrotic process though it may be a sequela of inflammation in the pancreatic ducts resulting from loss of CFTR impairing normal fluid secretion. Here we use a sheep model of CF (CFTR-/-) to examine the evolution of pancreatic disease through gestation. METHODS Fetal pancreas was collected at six time points from 50-days of gestation through to term, which is equivalent to ~ 13 weeks to term in human. RNA was extracted from tissue for bulk RNA-seq and single cells were prepared from 80-day, 120-day and term samples for scRNA-seq. Data were validated by immunochemistry. RESULTS Transcriptomic evidence from bulk RNA-seq showed alterations in the CFTR-/- pancreas by 65-days of gestation, which are accompanied by marked pathological changes by 80-days of gestation. These include a fibrotic response, confirmed by immunostaining for COL1A1, αSMA and SPARC, together with acinar loss. Moreover, using scRNA-seq we identify a unique cell population that is significantly overrepresented in the CFTR-/- animals at 80- and 120-days gestation, as are stellate cells at term. CONCLUSION The transcriptomic changes and cellular imbalance that we observe likely have pivotal roles in the evolution of CF pancreatic disease and may provide therapeutic opportunities to delay or prevent pancreatic destruction in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsing Leir
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4955, USA
| | - Svyatoslav Tkachenko
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4955, USA
| | - Alekh Paranjapye
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4955, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Frederick Meckler
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4955, USA
| | - Arnaud J Van Wettere
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Jenny L Kerschner
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4955, USA
| | - Elizabeth Kuznetsov
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4955, USA
| | - Makayla Schacht
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4955, USA
| | - Pulak Gillurkar
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4955, USA
| | - Misha Regouski
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Iuri Viotti Perisse
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Cheyenne M Marriott
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Ian Bunderson
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Kenneth L White
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Irina A Polejaeva
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Ann Harris
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4955, USA.
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2
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Kowalska M, Kaczmarek P, Rupik W. Does the pancreas of gekkotans differentiate similarly? Developmental structural and 3D studies of the mourning gecko (Lepidodactylus lugubris) and the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius). J Anat 2024; 245:303-323. [PMID: 38581181 PMCID: PMC11259754 DOI: 10.1111/joa.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the pancreas differentiation of two species of gekkotan families-the mourning gecko Lepidodactylus lugubris (Gekkonidae) and the leopard gecko Eublepharis macularius (Eublepharidae)-based on two-dimensional (2D) histological samples and three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of the position of the pancreatic buds and the surrounding organs. The results showed that at the moment of egg laying, the pancreas of L. lugubris is composed of three distinct primordia: one dorsal and two ventral. The dorsal primordium differentiates earlier than either ventral primordium. The right ventral primordium is more prominent and distinctive, starting to form earlier than the left one. Moreover, at this time, the pancreas of the leopard gecko is composed of the dorsal and right ventral primordium and the duct of the left ventral primordium. It means that the leopard gecko's left primordium is a transitional structure. These results indicate that the early development of the gekkotan pancreas is species specific. The pancreatic buds of the leopard and mourning gecko initially enter the duodenum by separate outlets, similar to the pancreas of other vertebrates. The pancreatic buds (3 of the mourning gecko and 2 of the leopard gecko) fuse quickly and form an embryonic pancreas. After that, the structure of this organ changes. After fusion, the pancreas of both gekkotans comprises four parts: the head of the pancreas (central region) and three lobes: upper, splenic, and lower. This organ develops gradually and is very well distinguished at hatching time. In both gekkotan species, cystic, hepatic, and pancreatic ducts enter the duodenum within the papilla. During gekkotan pancreas differentiation, the connection between the common bile duct and the dorsal pancreatic duct is associated with intestinal rotation, similar to other vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kowalska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Paweł Kaczmarek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Weronika Rupik
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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3
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Azad A, Altunbas HA, Manguoglu AE. From islet transplantation to beta-cell regeneration: an update on beta-cell-based therapeutic approaches in type 1 diabetes. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2024; 19:217-227. [PMID: 38693782 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2024.2347263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 1 diabetes (T1D) mellitus is an autoimmune disease in which immune cells, predominantly effector T cells, destroy insulin-secreting beta-cells. Beta-cell destruction led to various consequences ranging from retinopathy and nephropathy to neuropathy. Different strategies have been developed to achieve normoglycemia, including exogenous glucose compensation, whole pancreas transplantation, islet transplantation, and beta-cell replacement. AREAS COVERED The last two decades of experience have shown that indigenous glucose compensation through beta-cell regeneration and protection is a peerless method for T1D therapy. Tremendous studies have tried to find an unlimited source for beta-cell regeneration, on the one hand, and beta-cell protection against immune attack, on the other hand. Recent advances in stem cell technology, gene editing methods, and immune modulation approaches provide a unique opportunity for both beta-cell regeneration and protection. EXPERT OPINION Pluripotent stem cell differentiation into the beta-cell is considered an unlimited source for beta-cell regeneration. Devising engineered pancreas-specific regulatory T cells using Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) technology potentiates an effective immune tolerance induction for beta-cell protection. Beta-cell regeneration using pluripotent stem cells and beta-cell protection using pancreas-specific engineered regulatory T cells promises to develop a curative protocol in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asef Azad
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hasan Ali Altunbas
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ayse Esra Manguoglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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4
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Peng D, Jackson D, Palicha B, Kernfeld E, Laughner N, Shoemaker A, Celniker SE, Loganathan R, Cahan P, Andrew DJ. Organogenetic transcriptomes of the Drosophila embryo at single cell resolution. Development 2024; 151:dev202097. [PMID: 38174902 PMCID: PMC10820837 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
To gain insight into the transcription programs activated during the formation of Drosophila larval structures, we carried out single cell RNA sequencing during two periods of Drosophila embryogenesis: stages 10-12, when most organs are first specified and initiate morphological and physiological specialization; and stages 13-16, when organs achieve their final mature architectures and begin to function. Our data confirm previous findings with regards to functional specialization of some organs - the salivary gland and trachea - and clarify the embryonic functions of another - the plasmatocytes. We also identify two early developmental trajectories in germ cells and uncover a potential role for proteolysis during germline stem cell specialization. We identify the likely cell type of origin for key components of the Drosophila matrisome and several commonly used Drosophila embryonic cell culture lines. Finally, we compare our findings with other recent related studies and with other modalities for identifying tissue-specific gene expression patterns. These data provide a useful community resource for identifying many new players in tissue-specific morphogenesis and functional specialization of developing organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Peng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dorian Jackson
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Bianca Palicha
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Eric Kernfeld
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nathaniel Laughner
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ashleigh Shoemaker
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Susan E. Celniker
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Rajprasad Loganathan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260, USA
| | - Patrick Cahan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Deborah J. Andrew
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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5
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Goyal P, Malviya R. Stem Cell Therapy for the Management of Type 1 Diabetes: Advances and Perspectives. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:549-561. [PMID: 37861029 DOI: 10.2174/0118715303256582230919093535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Due to insulin resistance and excessive blood sugar levels, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by pancreatic cell loss. This condition affects young people at a higher rate than any other chronic autoimmune disease. Regardless of the method, exogenous insulin cannot substitute for insulin produced by a healthy pancreas. An emerging area of medicine is pancreatic and islet transplantation for type 1 diabetics to restore normal blood sugar regulation. However, there are still obstacles standing in the way of the widespread use of these therapies, including very low availability of pancreatic and islets supplied from human organ donors, challenging transplantation conditions, high expenses, and a lack of easily accessible methods. Efforts to improve Type 1 Diabetes treatment have been conducted in response to the disease's increasing prevalence. Type 1 diabetes may one day be treated with stem cell treatment. Stem cell therapy has proven to be an effective treatment for type 1 diabetes. Recent progress in stem cell-based diabetes treatment is summarised, and the authors show how to isolate insulin-producing cells (IPCs) from a variety of progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanshi Goyal
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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6
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Hou X, Chen Y, Zhou B, Tang W, Ding Z, Chen L, Wu Y, Yang H, Du C, Yang D, Ma G, Cao H. Talin-1 inhibits Smurf1-mediated Stat3 degradation to modulate β-cell proliferation and mass in mice. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:709. [PMID: 37903776 PMCID: PMC10616178 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient pancreatic β-cell mass and reduced insulin expression are key events in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM). Here we demonstrate the high expression of Talin-1 in β-cells and that deficiency of Talin-1 reduces β-cell proliferation, which leads to reduced β-cell mass and insulin expression, thus causing glucose intolerance without affecting peripheral insulin sensitivity in mice. High-fat diet fed exerbates these phenotypes. Mechanistically, Talin-1 interacts with the E3 ligase smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 1 (Smurf1), which prohibits ubiquitination of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) mediated by Smurf1, and ablation of Talin-1 enhances Smurf1-mediated ubiquitination of Stat3, leading to decreased β-cell proliferation and mass. Furthermore, haploinsufficiency of Talin-1 and Stat3 genes, but not that of either gene, in β-cell in mice significantly impairs glucose tolerance and insulin expression, indicating that both factors indeed function in the same genetic pathway. Finally, inducible deletion Talin-1 in β-cell causes glucose intolerance in adult mice. Collectively, our findings reveal that Talin-1 functions as a crucial regulator of β-cell mass, and highlight its potential as a therapeutic target for DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Hou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yangshan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wanze Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Litong Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital; Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialty; Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment; The Institute of Stomatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital; Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialty; Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment; The Institute of Stomatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Changzheng Du
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dazhi Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guixing Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Huiling Cao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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7
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Sasaki S, Miyatsuka T. Heterogeneity of Islet Cells during Embryogenesis and Differentiation. Diabetes Metab J 2023; 47:173-184. [PMID: 36631992 PMCID: PMC10040626 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is caused by insufficient insulin secretion due to β-cell dysfunction and/or β-cell loss. Therefore, the restoration of functional β-cells by the induction of β-cell differentiation from embryonic stem (ES) and induced-pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, or from somatic non-β-cells, may be a promising curative therapy. To establish an efficient and feasible method for generating functional insulin-producing cells, comprehensive knowledge of pancreas development and β-cell differentiation, including the mechanisms driving cell fate decisions and endocrine cell maturation is crucial. Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies have opened a new era in pancreas development and diabetes research, leading to clarification of the detailed transcriptomes of individual insulin-producing cells. Such extensive high-resolution data enables the inference of developmental trajectories during cell transitions and gene regulatory networks. Additionally, advancements in stem cell research have not only enabled their immediate clinical application, but also has made it possible to observe the genetic dynamics of human cell development and maturation in a dish. In this review, we provide an overview of the heterogeneity of islet cells during embryogenesis and differentiation as demonstrated by scRNA-seq studies on the developing and adult pancreata, with implications for the future application of regenerative medicine for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugo Sasaki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyatsuka
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
- Corresponding author: Takeshi Miyatsuka https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2618-3450 Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan E-mail:
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8
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Tong Y, Sun M, Chen L, Wang Y, Li Y, Li L, Zhang X, Cai Y, Qie J, Pang Y, Xu Z, Zhao J, Zhang X, Liu Y, Tian S, Qin Z, Feng J, Zhang F, Zhu J, Xu Y, Lou W, Ji Y, Zhao J, He F, Hou Y, Ding C. Proteogenomic insights into the biology and treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:168. [PMID: 36434634 PMCID: PMC9701038 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01384-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease with poor prognosis. Proteogenomic characterization and integrative proteomic analysis provide a functional context to annotate genomic abnormalities with prognostic value. METHODS We performed an integrated multi-omics analysis, including whole-exome sequencing, RNA-seq, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic analysis of 217 PDAC tumors with paired non-tumor adjacent tissues. In vivo functional experiments were performed to further illustrate the biological events related to PDAC tumorigenesis and progression. RESULTS A comprehensive proteogenomic landscape revealed that TP53 mutations upregulated the CDK4-mediated cell proliferation process and led to poor prognosis in younger patients. Integrative multi-omics analysis illustrated the proteomic and phosphoproteomic alteration led by genomic alterations such as KRAS mutations and ADAM9 amplification of PDAC tumorigenesis. Proteogenomic analysis combined with in vivo experiments revealed that the higher amplification frequency of ADAM9 (8p11.22) could drive PDAC metastasis, though downregulating adhesion junction and upregulating WNT signaling pathway. Proteome-based stratification of PDAC revealed three subtypes (S-I, S-II, and S-III) related to different clinical and molecular features. Immune clustering defined a metabolic tumor subset that harbored FH amplicons led to better prognosis. Functional experiments revealed the role of FH in altering tumor glycolysis and in impacting PDAC tumor microenvironments. Experiments utilizing both in vivo and in vitro assay proved that loss of HOGA1 promoted the tumor growth via activating LARP7-CDK1 pathway. CONCLUSIONS This proteogenomic dataset provided a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians seeking for better understanding and treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexin Tong
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Pathology, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Mingjun Sun
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Pathology, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Lingli Chen
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Pathology, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Yunzhi Wang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Pathology, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Yan Li
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Pathology, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Lingling Li
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Pathology, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Pathology, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Yumeng Cai
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Pathology, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Jingbo Qie
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Pathology, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Yanrui Pang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Pathology, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Ziyan Xu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Pathology, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Jiangyan Zhao
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Pathology, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Pathology, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Yang Liu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Pathology, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Sha Tian
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Pathology, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Zhaoyu Qin
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Pathology, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Jinwen Feng
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Pathology, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Fan Zhang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Pathology, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Jiajun Zhu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Pathology, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Yifan Xu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Pathology, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Wenhui Lou
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Pathology, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Yuan Ji
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Pathology, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Jianyuan Zhao
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Institute for Development and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092 China ,grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Fuchu He
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Pathology, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China ,grid.419611.a0000 0004 0457 9072State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing, 102206 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit of Proteomics Driven Cancer Precision Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Yingyong Hou
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Pathology, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Chen Ding
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Department of Pathology, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
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9
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Colarusso JL, Zhou Q. Direct Reprogramming of Different Cell Lineages into Pancreatic β-Like Cells. Cell Reprogram 2022; 24:252-258. [PMID: 35838597 PMCID: PMC9634980 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2022.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
One major goal of regenerative medicine is the production of pancreatic endocrine islets to treat insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Among the different methods developed to achieve this goal, a particularly promising approach is direct lineage reprogramming, in which non-β-cells are directly converted to glucose-responsive, insulin-secreting β-like cells. Efforts by different research groups have led to critical insights in the inducing factors necessary and types of somatic tissues suitable for direct conversion to β-like cells. Nevertheless, there is limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying direct cell fate conversion. Significant challenges also remain in translating discoveries into therapeutics that will eventually benefit diabetic patients. This review aims to cover the advances made in the direct reprogramming of somatic cells into β-like cells and discuss the remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L. Colarusso
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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10
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Kwak D, Olsen PA, Danielsen A, Jensenius AR. A trio of biological rhythms and their relevance in rhythmic mechanical stimulation of cell cultures. Front Psychol 2022; 13:867191. [PMID: 35967633 PMCID: PMC9374063 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.867191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of this article is to provide a biological rhythm model based on previous theoretical and experimental findings to promote more comprehensive studies of rhythmic mechanical stimulation of cell cultures, which relates to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine fields. Through an interdisciplinary approach where different standpoints from biology and musicology are combined, we explore some of the core rhythmic features of biological and cellular rhythmic processes and present them as a trio model that aims to afford a basic but fundamental understanding of the connections between various biological rhythms. It is vital to highlight such links since rhythmic mechanical stimulation and its effect on cell cultures are vastly underexplored even though the cellular response to mechanical stimuli (mechanotransduction) has been studied widely and relevant experimental evidence suggests mechanotransduction processes are rhythmic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongho Kwak
- Department of Musicology, RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Petter Angell Olsen
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre for Organ on a Chip-Technology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Unit for Cell Signaling, Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Danielsen
- Department of Musicology, RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexander Refsum Jensenius
- Department of Musicology, RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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11
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Tang HM, Talbot CC, Fung MC, Tang HL. Transcriptomic study of anastasis for reversal of ethanol-induced apoptosis in mouse primary liver cells. Sci Data 2022; 9:418. [PMID: 35851273 PMCID: PMC9293995 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01470-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Anastasis is a cell recovery mechanism that rescues dying cells from the brink of death. Reversal of apoptosis is the first example of anastasis. Here, we describe a comprehensive dataset containing time-course mRNA expression profiles for reversal of ethanol-induced apoptosis in mouse primary liver cells in νitro. This transcriptome dataset includes the conditions of the untreated cells, cells undergoing apoptosis triggered by incubating with cell death inducer of 4.5% ethanol for 5 hours, and apoptosis reversal of ethanol-induced cells at the early (3rd hour), middle (6th hour), and late (24th, 48th hour) stages after being washed with and incubated in fresh cell culture medium. By comparing this dataset with the transcriptomic profiles of other anastasis models generated with different combinations of cell types and cell death inducers, investigators can identify the key regulators governing reversal of apoptosis and other reversible cell death processes. Therefore, reusing or reanalysing this dataset will facilitate the future studies on the physiological, pathological, and therapeutic implications of anastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Man Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - C Conover Talbot
- Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Ming Chiu Fung
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Ho Lam Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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12
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Silva IBB, Kimura CH, Colantoni VP, Sogayar MC. Stem cells differentiation into insulin-producing cells (IPCs): recent advances and current challenges. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:309. [PMID: 35840987 PMCID: PMC9284809 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02977-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a chronic disease characterized by an autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing β-pancreatic cells. Although many advances have been achieved in T1D treatment, current therapy strategies are often unable to maintain perfect control of glycemic levels. Several studies are searching for new and improved methodologies for expansion of β-cell cultures in vitro to increase the supply of these cells for pancreatic islets replacement therapy. A promising approach consists of differentiation of stem cells into insulin-producing cells (IPCs) in sufficient number and functional status to be transplanted. Differentiation protocols have been designed using consecutive cytokines or signaling modulator treatments, at specific dosages, to activate or inhibit the main signaling pathways that control the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into pancreatic β-cells. Here, we provide an overview of the current approaches and achievements in obtaining stem cell-derived β-cells and the numerous challenges, which still need to be overcome to achieve this goal. Clinical translation of stem cells-derived β-cells for efficient maintenance of long-term euglycemia remains a major issue. Therefore, research efforts have been directed to the final steps of in vitro differentiation, aiming at production of functional and mature β-cells and integration of interdisciplinary fields to generate efficient cell therapy strategies capable of reversing the clinical outcome of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaura Beatriz Borges Silva
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NUCEL), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05360-130, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Camila Harumi Kimura
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NUCEL), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05360-130, Brazil
| | - Vitor Prado Colantoni
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NUCEL), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05360-130, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Mari Cleide Sogayar
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NUCEL), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05360-130, Brazil. .,Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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13
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Alvarez Fallas ME, Pedraza-Arevalo S, Cujba AM, Manea T, Lambert C, Morrugares R, Sancho R. Stem/progenitor cells in normal physiology and disease of the pancreas. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 538:111459. [PMID: 34543699 PMCID: PMC8573583 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Though embryonic pancreas progenitors are well characterised, the existence of stem/progenitor cells in the postnatal mammalian pancreas has been long debated, mainly due to contradicting results on regeneration after injury or disease in mice. Despite these controversies, sequencing advancements combined with lineage tracing and organoid technologies indicate that homeostatic and trigger-induced regenerative responses in mice could occur. The presence of putative progenitor cells in the adult pancreas has been proposed during homeostasis and upon different stress challenges such as inflammation, tissue damage and oncogenic stress. More recently, single cell transcriptomics has revealed a remarkable heterogeneity in all pancreas cell types, with some cells showing the signature of potential progenitors. In this review we provide an overview on embryonic and putative adult pancreas progenitors in homeostasis and disease, with special emphasis on in vitro culture systems and scRNA-seq technology as tools to address the progenitor nature of different pancreatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Enrique Alvarez Fallas
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sergio Pedraza-Arevalo
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ana-Maria Cujba
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Teodora Manea
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher Lambert
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rosario Morrugares
- Instituto Maimonides de Investigacion Biomedica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Departamento de Biologia Celular, Fisiologia e Inmunologia, Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rocio Sancho
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.
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14
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Horikawa A, Mizuno K, Tsuda K, Yamamoto T, Michiue T. A simple method of hiPSCs differentiation into insulin-producing cells is improved with vitamin C and RepSox. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254373. [PMID: 34252142 PMCID: PMC8274930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are considered a promising source of pancreatic β-cells for the treatment of diabetes. However, this approach is limited by issues such as low efficiency and high cost. Here, we have developed a new protocol to induce insulin-producing cells. To reduce costs, we decreased the number of reagents and replaced protein reagents with chemical compounds. In this method, we increased induction efficiency with ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and an ALK5 inhibitor, RepSox. In 2D culture, the majority of cells were immature β-cells with low glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Transferring to 3D culture immediately after endocrine progenitor cell differentiation, however, improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. This simplified method will contribute to realizing transplantation therapy of β-cells using iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Horikawa
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Mizuno
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tsuda
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Michiue
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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15
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Miranda MA, Macias-Velasco JF, Lawson HA. Pancreatic β-cell heterogeneity in health and diabetes: classes, sources, and subtypes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E716-E731. [PMID: 33586491 PMCID: PMC8238131 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00649.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells perform glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, a process at the center of type 2 diabetes etiology. Efforts to understand how β-cells behave in healthy and stressful conditions have revealed a wide degree of morphological, functional, and transcriptional heterogeneity. Sources of heterogeneity include β-cell topography, developmental origin, maturation state, and stress response. Advances in sequencing and imaging technologies have led to the identification of β-cell subtypes, which play distinct roles in the islet niche. This review examines β-cell heterogeneity from morphological, functional, and transcriptional perspectives, and considers the relevance of topography, maturation, development, and stress response. It also discusses how these factors have been used to identify β-cell subtypes, and how heterogeneity is impacted by diabetes. We examine open questions in the field and discuss recent technological innovations that could advance understanding of β-cell heterogeneity in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Miranda
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Juan F Macias-Velasco
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Heather A Lawson
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
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16
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Huang D, Wang R. Exploring the mechanism of pancreatic cell fate decisions via cell-cell communication. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2021; 18:2401-2424. [PMID: 33892552 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The endocrine and exocrine cells in pancreas originate initially from a group of apparently identical endoderm cells in the early gut. The endocrine and exocrine tissues are composed of islet/acinar and duct cells respectively. To explore the mechanism of pancreas cell fate decisions, we first construct a minimal mathematical model related to pancreatic regulations. The regulatory mechanism of acinar-to-islet cell conversion is revealed by bifurcation analysis of the model. In addition, Notch signaling is critical in determining the fate of endocrine and exocrine in the developing pancreas and it is a typical mediator of lateral inhibition which instructs adjacent cells to make different fate decisions. Next, we construct a multicellular model of cell-cell communication mediated by Notch signaling with trans-activation and cis-inhibition. The roles of Notch signaling in regulating fate decisions of endocrine and exocrine cells during the differentiation of pancreatic cells are explored. The results indicate that high (or low) level of Notch signaling drive cells to select the fate of exocrine (or endocrine) progenitor cells. The networks and the models presented here might be good candidates for providing qualitative mechanisms of pancreatic cell fate decisions. These results can also provide some insight on choosing perturbation strategies for further experimental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasong Huang
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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17
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Eom YS, Gwon AR, Kwak KM, Youn JY, Park H, Kim KW, Kim BJ. Notch1 Has an Important Role in β-Cell Mass Determination and Development of Diabetes. Diabetes Metab J 2021; 45:86-96. [PMID: 32174059 PMCID: PMC7850870 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2019.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Notch signaling pathway plays an important role in regulating pancreatic endocrine and exocrine cell fate during pancreas development. Notch signaling is also expressed in adult pancreas. There are few studies on the effect of Notch on adult pancreas. Here, we investigated the role of Notch in islet mass and glucose homeostasis in adult pancreas using Notch1 antisense transgenic (NAS). METHODS Western blot analysis was performed for the liver of 8-week-old male NAS mice. We also conducted an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test in 8-week-old male NAS mice and male C57BL/6 mice (control). Morphologic observation of pancreatic islet and β-cell was conducted in two groups. Insulin secretion capacity in islets was measured by glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and perifusion. RESULTS NAS mice showed higher glucose levels and lower insulin secretion in IPGTT than the control mice. There was no significant difference in insulin resistance. Total islet and β-cell masses were decreased in NAS mice. The number of large islets (≥250 µm) decreased while that of small islets (<250 µm) increased. Reduced insulin secretion was observed in GSIS and perifusion. Neurogenin3, neurogenic differentiation, and MAF bZIP transcription factor A levels increased in NAS mice. CONCLUSION Our study provides that Notch1 inhibition decreased insulin secretion and decreased islet and β-cell masses. It is thought that Notch1 inhibition suppresses islet proliferation and induces differentiation of small islets. In conclusion, Notch signaling pathway may play an important role in β-cell mass determination and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sil Eom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - A-Ryeong Gwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyung Min Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jin-Young Youn
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Heekyoung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Byung-Joon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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18
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Nemati M, Karbalaei N, Mokarram P, Dehghani F. Effects of platelet-rich plasma on the pancreatic islet survival and function, islet transplantation outcome and pancreatic pdx 1 and insulin gene expression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Growth Factors 2020; 38:137-151. [PMID: 33569978 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2021.1881502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a therapeutic option in different fields based on its growth factors. We investigated influence of PRP on islet survival, function, transplantation outcomes, and pancreatic genes expression in diabetic rats. In vitro: pancreatic isolated islets were incubated with/without PRP then viability, insulin secretion, and content were assessed. In vivo: Series 1 were designed to determine whether islet treatment with PRP improves transplantation outcome in diabetic rats by evaluating plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and oxidative parameters. Series 2, effects of PRP subcutaneous injection were evaluated on pancreatic genes expression and glucose tolerance test in diabetic rats. PRP enhanced viability and secretary function of islet. Reduced glucose and malondialdehyde levels as well as increased insulin levels, superoxide dismutase activity, and expressions of pdx1 and insulin were observed in diabetic rats. PRP treatment has positive effects on islet viability, function, transplantation outcome, and pancreatic genes expression in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Nemati
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Narges Karbalaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Dehghani
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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19
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Baumann D, Wong A, Akhaphong B, Jo S, Pritchard S, Mohan R, Chung G, Zhang Y, Alejandro EU. Role of nutrient-driven O-GlcNAc-post-translational modification in pancreatic exocrine and endocrine islet development. Development 2020; 147:dev186643. [PMID: 32165492 PMCID: PMC7174839 DOI: 10.1242/dev.186643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the developing pancreas is exquisitely sensitive to nutrient supply in utero, it is not entirely clear how nutrient-driven post-translational modification of proteins impacts the pancreas during development. We hypothesized that the nutrient-sensing enzyme O-GlcNAc transferase (Ogt), which catalyzes an O-GlcNAc-modification onto key target proteins, integrates nutrient-signaling networks to regulate cell survival and development. In this study, we investigated the heretofore unknown role of Ogt in exocrine and endocrine islet development. By genetic manipulation in vivo and by using morphometric and molecular analyses, such as immunofluorescence imaging and single cell RNA sequencing, we show the first evidence that Ogt regulates pancreas development. Genetic deletion of Ogt in the pancreatic epithelium (OgtKOPanc) causes pancreatic hypoplasia, in part by increased apoptosis and reduced levels of of Pdx1 protein. Transcriptomic analysis of single cell and bulk RNA sequencing uncovered cell-type heterogeneity and predicted upstream regulator proteins that mediate cell survival, including Pdx1, Ptf1a and p53, which are putative Ogt targets. In conclusion, these findings underscore the requirement of O-GlcNAcylation during pancreas development and show that Ogt is essential for pancreatic progenitor survival, providing a novel mechanistic link between nutrients and pancreas development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Baumann
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School. Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Alicia Wong
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School. Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Brian Akhaphong
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School. Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Seokwon Jo
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School. Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Samantha Pritchard
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School. Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ramkumar Mohan
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School. Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Grace Chung
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School. Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Emilyn U Alejandro
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School. Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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20
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Camacho-Ramírez A, Mayo-Ossorio MÁ, Pacheco-García JM, Almorza-Gomar D, Ribelles-García A, Belmonte-Núñez A, Prada-Oliveira JA, Pérez-Arana GM. Pancreas is a preeminent source of ghrelin after sleeve gastrectomy in Wistar rats. Histol Histopathol 2020; 35:801-809. [PMID: 31951010 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Many surgical techniques are employed in the treatment of severe obesity. A main consequence of these techniques is the improvement of type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Ghrelin is a gut hormone released in the gastric fundus and corpus, which has been related to diabetic improvement as mentioned in these papers. Sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en Y Gastric Bypass are surgical techniques broadly employed in humans; both severely reduce the gastric surface. Paradoxically, the serum level of ghrelin in patients is preserved. We hypothesized about the role of embryonic pancreatic epsilon cells, which have the capacity to release ghrelin. We studied the changes in the epsilon cells and differentiation markers with immunostaining and ghrelin serum level and after surgery. We employed euglycemic male Wistar rats: two surgical groups (Sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en Y Gastric Bypass) and two control groups. We reported a significant increase of ghrelin epsilon-cells in the pancreas and basal serum after Sleeve gastrectomy versus the control groups. The epsilon cellular increment was related to neogenesis, as the neurogenin-3 marker revealed. The Roux-en Y Gastric Bypass showed neither epsilon cell increase nor basal serum changes in ghrelin release. As a conclusion, we reported that the severe suppression of the fundus gastric produced the recovery of ghrelin released by the epsilon cells, which was indicative of an ontogenic embryonic pancreatic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso Camacho-Ramírez
- Surgery Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Science Research and Innovation Institute (INIBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain.,Asociación Gaditana de Apoyo al Investigador AGAI, Cádiz, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Mayo-Ossorio
- Surgery Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Science Research and Innovation Institute (INIBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
| | - José Manuel Pacheco-García
- Surgery Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Science Research and Innovation Institute (INIBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
| | - David Almorza-Gomar
- Biomedical Science Research and Innovation Institute (INIBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain.,Department of Operative Statistic and Research, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Ribelles-García
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Sustainable Social Development Research Institute (INDESS), University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ana Belmonte-Núñez
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - J Arturo Prada-Oliveira
- Biomedical Science Research and Innovation Institute (INIBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain.,Asociación Gaditana de Apoyo al Investigador AGAI, Cádiz, Spain.,Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Gonzalo M Pérez-Arana
- Biomedical Science Research and Innovation Institute (INIBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain.,Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Asociación Gaditana de Apoyo al Investigador AGAI, Cádiz, Spain
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21
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Sant KE, Venezia OL, Sinno PP, Timme-Laragy AR. Perfluorobutanesulfonic Acid Disrupts Pancreatic Organogenesis and Regulation of Lipid Metabolism in the Zebrafish, Danio rerio. Toxicol Sci 2019; 167:258-268. [PMID: 30239974 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the phase-out of highly persistent perfluorosulfonates in the United States from non-stick and stain-resistant products in the early 2000s, perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) has replaced these compounds as a primary surfactant. Measurements of PFBS in environmental and human samples have been rising in recent years, raising concerns about potential negative health effects. We previously found that embryonic exposures to a related compound, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), decreased pancreas length and insulin-producing islet area in zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio). The objective of this study was to compare the effects of PFBS exposures on pancreatic organogenesis with our previous PFOS findings. Dechorionated zebrafish embryos from two different transgenic fish lines (Tg[insulin:GFP], Tg[ptf1a:GFP]) were exposed to 0 (0.01% DMSO), 16, or 32 µM PFBS daily beginning at 1 day post fertilization (dpf) until 4 and 7 dpf when they were examined using fluorescent microscopy for islet area and morphology, and exocrine pancreas length. PFBS-exposed embryos had significantly increased caudal fin deformities, delayed swim bladder inflation, and impaired yolk utilization. Incidence of fish with significantly stunted growth and truncated exocrine pancreas length was significantly increased, although these two effects occurred independently. Islet morphology revealed an increased incidence of severely hypomorphic islets (areas lower than the 1st percentile of controls) and an elevated occurrence of fragmented islets. RNA-Seq data (4 dpf) also identify disruptions in regulation of lipid homeostasis. Overall, this work demonstrates that PFBS exposure can perturb embryonic development, energy homeostasis, and pancreatic organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karilyn E Sant
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003.,Division of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | - Olivia L Venezia
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Paul P Sinno
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Alicia R Timme-Laragy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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22
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Elsharkawi I, Parambath D, Saber-Ayad M, Khan AA, El-Serafi AT. Exploring the effect of epigenetic modifiers on developing insulin-secreting cells. Hum Cell 2019; 33:1-9. [PMID: 31755075 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-019-00292-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a worldwide health problem with increasing incidence. The current management modalities did not succeed to decrease comorbidities. This study aimed at enhancing the regenerative solution for diabetes by improving the differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) into glucose-sensitive, insulin-secreting cells through an epigenetic modification approach. A 3-day treatment protocol with the epigenetic modifiers, either decitabine (5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine; Aza); a DNA methylation inhibitor or Vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid; SAHA); a histone deacetylase inhibitor was added to two different human stem cell lines. The cells followed a multi-step differentiation protocol that provided the critical triggers in a temporal approach. Aza-pretreated group showed higher intracellular expression of insulin and the transcription factor 'PDX-1'. The cells responded to the high glucose challenge by secreting insulin in the media, as shown by ELISA. Gene expression showed induction of the genes for insulin, the glucose transporter 2, glucokinase, as well as the transcription factors MafA and NKX6.1. Although SAHA showed upregulation of insulin secretion, in comparison to control, the cells could not respond to the high glucose challenge. Interestingly, Aza-treated cells showed a significant decrease in the global DNA methylation level at the end of the culture. In conclusion, this additional step with Aza could enhance the response of MSC to the classical differentiation protocol for insulin-secreting cells and may help in establishing a regenerative solution for patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maha Saber-Ayad
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.,Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.,College of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amir Ali Khan
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Science, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Ahmed T El-Serafi
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE. .,Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt. .,Department of Hand Surgery and Plastic Surgery and Burns, 401A, Building 462, Floor 11, Linköping University Hospital, P. O. Box: 581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
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23
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L’îlot pancréatique : ce que nous savons 150 ans après Langerhans. BULLETIN DE L'ACADÉMIE NATIONALE DE MÉDECINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.banm.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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24
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Smith S, Dalchau N. Model reduction enables Turing instability analysis of large reaction-diffusion models. J R Soc Interface 2019. [PMID: 29540540 PMCID: PMC5908523 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2017.0805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesizing a genetic network which generates stable Turing patterns is one of the great challenges of synthetic biology, but a significant obstacle is the disconnect between the mathematical theory and the biological reality. Current mathematical understanding of patterning is typically restricted to systems of two or three chemical species, for which equations are tractable. However, when models seek to combine descriptions of intercellular signal diffusion and intracellular biochemistry, plausible genetic networks can consist of dozens of interacting species. In this paper, we suggest a method for reducing large biochemical systems that relies on removing the non-diffusible species, leaving only the diffusibles in the model. Such model reduction enables analysis to be conducted on a smaller number of differential equations. We provide conditions to guarantee that the full system forms patterns if the reduced system does, and vice versa. We confirm our technique with three examples: the Brusselator, an example proposed by Turing, and a biochemically plausible patterning system consisting of 17 species. These examples show that our method significantly simplifies the study of pattern formation in large systems where several species can be considered immobile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Smith
- Biological Computation group, Microsoft Research, Cambridge CB1 2FB, UK.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Neil Dalchau
- Biological Computation group, Microsoft Research, Cambridge CB1 2FB, UK
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25
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Karaoz E, Tepekoy F, Yilmaz I, Subasi C, Kabatas S. Reduction of Inflammation and Enhancement of Motility after Pancreatic Islet Derived Stem Cell Transplantation Following Spinal Cord Injury. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2019; 62:153-165. [PMID: 30840970 PMCID: PMC6411578 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2018.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a very serious health problem, usually caused by a trauma and accompanied by elevated levels of inflammation indicators. Stem cell-based therapy is promising some valuable strategies for its functional recovery. Nestin-positive progenitor and/or stem cells (SC) isolated from pancreatic islets (PI) show mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) characteristics. For this reason, we aimed to analyze the effects of rat pancreatic islet derived stem cell (rPI-SC) delivery on functional recovery, as well as the levels of inflammation factors following SCI.
Methods rPI-SCs were isolated, cultured and their MSC characteristics were determined through flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analysis. The experimental rat population was divided into three groups : 1) laminectomy & trauma, 2) laminectomy & trauma & phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and 3) laminectomy+trauma+SCs. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) labelled rPI-SCs were transplanted into the injured rat spinal cord. Their motilities were evaluated with Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) Score. After 4-weeks, spinal cord sections were analyzed for GFP labeled SCs and stained for vimentin, S100β, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), 2’,3’-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and proinflammatory (interleukin [IL]-6, transforming growth factor [TGF]-β, macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]-2, myeloperoxidase [MPO]) and anti-inflammatory (IL-1 receptor antagonis) factors.
Results rPI-SCs were revealed to display MSC characteristics and express neural and glial cell markers including BDNF, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), fibronectin, microtubule associated protein-2a,b (MAP2a,b), β3-tubulin and nestin as well as antiinflammatory prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP3. The BBB scores showed significant motor recovery in group 3. GFP-labelled cells were localized on the injury site. In addition, decreased proinflammatory factor levels and increased intensity of anti-inflammatory factors were determined.
Conclusion Transplantation of PI-SCs might be an effective strategy to improve functional recovery following spinal cord trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdal Karaoz
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, İstinye University, İstanbul, Turkey.,Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research & Practice, İstinye University, İstanbul, Turkey.,Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research & Manufacturing (LivMedCell), İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Filiz Tepekoy
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, İstinye University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Irem Yilmaz
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research & Manufacturing (LivMedCell), İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Cansu Subasi
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research & Manufacturing (LivMedCell), İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Kabatas
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Gaziosmanpasa Taksim Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
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26
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Moin ASM, Montemurro C, Zeng K, Cory M, Nguyen M, Kulkarni S, Fritsch H, Meier JJ, Dhawan S, Rizza RA, Atkinson MA, Butler AE. Characterization of Non-hormone Expressing Endocrine Cells in Fetal and Infant Human Pancreas. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 9:791. [PMID: 30687234 PMCID: PMC6334491 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Context: Previously, we identified chromograninA positive hormone-negative (CPHN) cells in high frequency in human fetal and neonatal pancreas, likely representing nascent endocrine precursor cells. Here, we characterize the putative endocrine fate and replicative status of these newly formed cells. Objective: To establish the replicative frequency and transcriptional identity of CPHN cells, extending our observation on CPHN cell frequency to a larger cohort of fetal and infant pancreas. Design, Setting, and Participants: 8 fetal, 19 infant autopsy pancreata were evaluated for CPHN cell frequency; 12 fetal, 24 infant/child pancreata were evaluated for CPHN replication and identity. Results: CPHN cell frequency decreased 84% (islets) and 42% (clusters) from fetal to infant life. Unlike the beta-cells at this stage, CPHN cells were rarely observed to replicate (0.2 ± 0.1 vs. 4.7 ± 1.0%, CPHN vs. islet hormone positive cell replication, p < 0.001), indicated by the lack of Ki67 expression in CPHN cells whether located in the islets or in small clusters, and with no detectable difference between fetal and infant groups. While the majority of CPHN cells express (in overall compartments of pancreas) the pan-endocrine transcription factor NKX2.2 and beta-cell specific NKX6.1 in comparable frequency in fetal and infant/child cases (81.9 ± 6.3 vs. 82.8 ± 3.8% NKX6.1+-CPHN cells of total CPHN cells, fetal vs. infant/child, p = 0.9; 88.0 ± 4.7 vs. 82.1 ± 5.3% NKX2.2+-CPHN cells of total CPHN cells, fetal vs. infant/child, p = 0.4), the frequency of clustered CPHN cells expressing NKX6.1 or NKX2.2 is lower in infant/child vs. fetal cases (1.2 ± 0.3 vs. 16.7 ± 4.7 clustered NKX6.1+-CPHN cells/mm2, infant/child vs. fetal, p < 0.01; 2.7 ± 1.0 vs. 16.0 ± 4.0 clustered NKX2.2+-CPHN cells/mm2, infant/child vs. fetal, p < 0.01). Conclusions: The frequency of CPHN cells declines steeply from fetal to infant life, presumably as they differentiate to hormone-expressing cells. CPHN cells represent a non-replicative pool of endocrine precursor cells, a proportion of which are likely fated to become beta-cells. Precis : CPHN cell frequency declines steeply from fetal to infant life, as they mature to hormone expression. CPHN cells represent a non-replicative pool of endocrine precursor cells, a proportion of which are likely fated to become beta-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Saleh Md Moin
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Doha, Qatar
| | - Chiara Montemurro
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kylie Zeng
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Megan Cory
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Megan Nguyen
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shweta Kulkarni
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Helga Fritsch
- Institute of Pathology, Division of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Juris J. Meier
- St. Josef Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum (RUB), Bochum, Germany
| | - Sangeeta Dhawan
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Robert A. Rizza
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Mark A. Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alexandra E. Butler
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Doha, Qatar
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27
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Brokhman I, Xu J, Coles BL, Razavi R, Engert S, Lickert H, Babona-Pilipos R, Morshead CM, Sibley E, Chen C, van der Kooy D. Dual embryonic origin of the mammalian enteric nervous system. Dev Biol 2019; 445:256-270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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28
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Kowalska M, Rupik W. Development of endocrine pancreatic islets in embryos of the grass snake Natrix natrix
(Lepidosauria, Serpentes). J Morphol 2018; 280:103-118. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kowalska
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology; University of Silesia in Katowice; Poland
| | - Weronika Rupik
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology; University of Silesia in Katowice; Poland
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29
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Zhong Y, Huang W, Du J, Wang Z, He J, Luo L. Improved Tol2-mediated enhancer trap identifies weakly expressed genes during liver and β cell development and regeneration in zebrafish. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:932-940. [PMID: 30504219 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver and pancreas are two major digestive organs, and among the different cell types in them, hepatocytes and the insulin-producing β cells have roles in both health and diseases. Accordingly, clinicians and researchers are very interested in the mechanisms underlying the development and regeneration of liver and pancreatic β cells. Gene and enhancer traps such as the Tol2 transposon-based system are useful for identifying genes potentially involved in developmental processes in the zebrafish model. Here, we developed a strategy that combines a Tol2-mediated enhancer trap and the Cre/loxP system by using loxP-flanked reporters driven by β cell- or hepatocyte-specific promoters and the upstream activating sequence (UAS)-driving Cre. Two double-transgenic reporter lines, Tg(ins:loxP-CFPNTR-loxP-DsRed; 10×UAS:Cre, cryaa:Venus) and Tg(fabp10:loxP-CFPNTR-loxP-DsRed; 10×UAS:Cre, cryaa:Venus), were established to label pancreatic β cells and hepatocytes, respectively. These two double-transgenic lines were each crossed with the Tol2-enhancer trap founder lines to screen for and identify genes expressed in the β cell and hepatocytes during development. This trap system coupled with application of nitroreductase (NTR)/metronidazole (Mtz)-mediated cell ablation could identify genes expressed during regeneration. Of note, pilot enhancer traps captured transiently and weakly expressed genes such as rab3da and ensab with higher efficiencies than traditional enhancer trap systems. In conclusion, through permanent genetic labeling by Cre/loxP, this improved Tol2-mediated enhancer trap system provides a promising method to identify transiently or weakly expressed, but potentially important, genes during development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Zhong
- From the Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, and.,Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- From the Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, and.,Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Du
- From the Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, and.,Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Zekun Wang
- From the Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, and.,Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Jianbo He
- From the Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, and.,Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Lingfei Luo
- From the Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, and .,Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China
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30
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Soltanian A, Ghezelayagh Z, Mazidi Z, Halvaei M, Mardpour S, Ashtiani MK, Hajizadeh-Saffar E, Tahamtani Y, Baharvand H. Generation of functional human pancreatic organoids by transplants of embryonic stem cell derivatives in a 3D-printed tissue trapper. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9564-9576. [PMID: 30362564 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Organoids can be regarded as a beneficial tool for discovery of new therapeutics for diabetes and/or maturation of pancreatic progenitors (PP) towards β cells. Here, we devised a strategy to enhance maturation of PP by assembly of three-dimensional (3D) pancreatic organoids (PO) containing human embryonic stem (ES) cell derivatives including ES-derived pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1) + early PP, mesenchymal stem cells, and endothelial cells at an optimized cell ratio, on Matrigel. The PO was placed in a 3D-printed tissue trapper and heterotopically implanted into the peritoneal cavity of immunodeficient mice where it remained for 90 days. Our results indicated that, in contrast to corresponding early PP transplants, 3D PO developed more vascularization as indicated by greater area and number of vessels, a higher number of insulin-positive cells and improvement of human C-peptide secretions. Based on our findings, PO-derived β cells could be considered a novel strategy to study human β-cell development, novel therapeutics, and regenerative medicine for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Soltanian
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghezelayagh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Mazidi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Halvaei
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soura Mardpour
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi Ashtiani
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensiyeh Hajizadeh-Saffar
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaser Tahamtani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Neurogenin3 phosphorylation controls reprogramming efficiency of pancreatic ductal organoids into endocrine cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15374. [PMID: 30337647 PMCID: PMC6193982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33838-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
β-cell replacement has been proposed as an effective treatment for some forms of diabetes, and in vitro methods for β-cell generation are being extensively explored. A potential source of β-cells comes from fate conversion of exocrine pancreatic cells into the endocrine lineage, by overexpression of three regulators of pancreatic endocrine formation and β-cell identity, Ngn3, Pdx1 and MafA. Pancreatic ductal organoid cultures have recently been developed that can be expanded indefinitely, while maintaining the potential to differentiate into the endocrine lineage. Here, using mouse pancreatic ductal organoids, we see that co-expression of Ngn3, Pdx1 and MafA are required and sufficient to generate cells that express insulin and resemble β-cells transcriptome-wide. Efficiency of β-like cell generation can be significantly enhanced by preventing phosphorylation of Ngn3 protein and further augmented by conditions promoting differentiation. Taken together, our new findings underline the potential of ductal organoid cultures as a source material for generation of β-like cells and demonstrate that post-translational regulation of reprogramming factors can be exploited to enhance β-cell generation.
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32
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Ma J, Wang BB, Ma XY, Deng WP, Xu LS, Sha WH. Potential involvement of heat shock proteins in pancreatic-duodenal homeobox-1-mediated effects on the genesis of gastric cancer: A 2D gel-based proteomic study. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:4263-4271. [PMID: 30310259 PMCID: PMC6175762 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i37.4263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify functional proteins involved in pancreatic-duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX1)-mediated effects on gastric carcinogenesis.
METHODS A PDX1-overexpressed model was established by transfecting gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 with pcDNA3.1(+)-PDX1 vector (SGC-PDX1). Transfection with empty pcDNA3.1 vector (SGC-pcDNA) served as control. Comparative protein profiles of the two groups were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis based-proteomics (2DE gel-based proteomics). The differential proteins identified by 2DE were further validated by qRT-PCR and immunoblotting. Finally, co-immunoprecipitation was used to determine any direct interactions between PDX1 and the differential proteins.
RESULTS 2DE gel proteomics identified seven differential proteins in SGC-PDX1 when compared with those in SGC-pcDNA. These included four heat shock proteins (HSPs; HSP70p1B, HSP70p8, HSP60, HSP27) and three other proteins (ER60, laminin receptor 1, similar to epsilon isoform of 14-3-3 protein). Immunoblotting validated the expression of the HSPs (HSP70, HSP60, HSP27). Furthermore, their expressions were lowered to 80%, 20% and 24%, respectively, in SGC-PDX1, while PDX1 exhibited a 9-fold increase, compared to SGC-pcDNA. However, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that mRNA levels of the HSPs were increased in SGC-PDX1, suggesting that the expression of the HSPs was post-translationally regulated by the PDX1 protein. Finally, co-immunoprecipitation failed to identify any direct interaction between PDX1 and HSP70 proteins.
CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the potential involvement of HSPs in PDX1-mediated effects on the genesis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangdong General Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bei-Bei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangdong General Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Ma
- Forensic Identification Institute, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei-Ping Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangdong General Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Shu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangdong General Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei-Hong Sha
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangdong General Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
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Singh A, Gibert Y, Dwyer KM. The adenosine, adrenergic and opioid pathways in the regulation of insulin secretion, beta cell proliferation and regeneration. Pancreatology 2018; 18:615-623. [PMID: 29937364 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Insulin, a key hormone produced by pancreatic beta cells precisely regulates glucose metabolism in vertebrates. In type 1 diabetes, the beta cell mass is destroyed, a process triggered by a combination of environmental and genetic factors. This ultimately results in absolute insulin deficiency and dysregulated glucose metabolism resulting in a number of detrimental pathophysiological effects. The traditional focus of treating type 1 diabetes has been to control blood sugar levels through the administration of exogenous insulin. Newer approaches aim to replace the beta cell mass through pancreatic or islet transplantation. Type 2 diabetes results from a relative insulin deficiency for the prevailing insulin resistance. Treatments are generally aimed at reducing insulin resistance and/or augmenting insulin secretion and the use of insulin itself is often required. It is increasingly being recognized that the beta cell mass is dynamic and increases insulin secretion in response to beta cell mitogens and stress signals to maintain glycemia within a very narrow physiological range. This review critically discusses the role of adrenergic, adenosine and opioid pathways and their interrelationship in insulin secretion, beta cell proliferation and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitoj Singh
- Deakin University, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, 75 Pigdons Rd, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Yann Gibert
- Deakin University, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, 75 Pigdons Rd, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Karen M Dwyer
- Deakin University, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, 75 Pigdons Rd, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia.
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Jiang Z, Shi D, Tu Y, Tian J, Zhang W, Xing B, Wang J, Liu S, Lou J, Gustafsson JÅ, Hua X, Ma X. Human Proislet Peptide Promotes Pancreatic Progenitor Cells to Ameliorate Diabetes Through FOXO1/Menin-Mediated Epigenetic Regulation. Diabetes 2018; 67:1345-1355. [PMID: 29716892 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We investigated how human proislet peptide (HIP) regulates differentiation of human fetus-derived pancreatic progenitor cells (HFPPCs) and explored the potential link between HIP signaling and the menin pathway, which is key to regulating pancreatic islet differentiation. The data show that HIP promoted expression of proislet transcription factors (TFs), including PDX-1, MAFA, and NKX6.1, as well as other maturation markers of β-cells, such as insulin, GLUT2, KIR6.2, SUR1, and VDCC. Moreover, HIP increased insulin content and promoted the ability of HFPPCs to normalize blood glucose in diabetic mice. HIP inhibited the TF FOXO1 by increasing AKT-mediated phosphorylation. HIP-induced repression of FOXO1 suppressed menin expression, leading to reducing menin binding to the promoter of the three key proislet TFs, decreasing recruitment of H3K9 methyltransferase SUV39H1, and thus reducing repressive H3K9me3 at the promoter. These coordinated actions lead to increased expression of the proislet TFs, resulting in induction of HFPPC differentiation. Consistently, constitutive activation of FOXO1 blocks HIP-induced transcription of these TFs. Together, these studies unravel the crucial role of the HIP/AKT/FOXO/menin axis in epigenetically controlling expression of proislet TFs, regulating the differentiation of HFPPCs, and normalizing blood glucose in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongzhe Jiang
- Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Diwen Shi
- Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yifan Tu
- Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingjing Tian
- Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenjian Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Xing
- Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jihua Wang
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Suhuan Liu
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jinning Lou
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry and Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Xianxin Hua
- Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Xiaosong Ma
- Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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35
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Lee SH, Hong S, Song J, Cho B, Han EJ, Kondapavulur S, Kim D, Lee LP. Microphysiological Analysis Platform of Pancreatic Islet β-Cell Spheroids. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 29283208 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The hallmarks of diabetics are insufficient secretion of insulin and dysregulation of glucagon. It is critical to understand release mechanisms of insulin, glucagon, and other hormones from the islets of Langerhans. In spite of remarkable advancements in diabetes research and practice, robust and reproducible models that can measure pancreatic β-cell function are lacking. Here, a microphysiological analysis platform (MAP) that allows the uniform 3D spheroid formation of pancreatic β-cell islets, large-scale morphological phenotyping, and gene expression mapping of chronic glycemia and lipidemia development is reported. The MAP enables the scaffold-free formation of densely packed β-cell spheroids (i.e., multiple array of 110 bioreactors) surrounded with a perfusion flow network inspired by physiologically relevant microenvironment. The MAP permits dynamic perturbations on the β-cell spheroids and the precise controls of glycemia and lipidemia, which allow us to confirm that cellular apoptosis in the β-cell spheroid under hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia is mostly dependent to a reactive oxygen species-induced caspase-mediated pathway. The β-cells' MAP might provide a potential new map in the pathophysiological mechanisms of β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - SoonGweon Hong
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Jihwan Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Hanbat National University; Daejeon 34158 South Korea
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Byungrae Cho
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- UC Berkeley and UCSF Joint Graduate Program in Bioengineering; Berkeley/San Francisco CA 94720 USA
| | - Esther J. Han
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Sravani Kondapavulur
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Dongchoul Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Sogang University; Seoul 04107 South Korea
| | - Luke P. Lee
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Biophysics Graduate Program; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell fate regulation directly affects tissue homeostasis and human health. Research on cell fate decision sheds light on key regulators, facilitates understanding the mechanisms, and suggests novel strategies to treat human diseases that are related to abnormal cell development. RESULTS In this study, we proposed a polynomial based model to predict cell fate. This model was derived from Taylor series. As a case study, gene expression data of pancreatic cells were adopted to test and verify the model. As numerous features (genes) are available, we employed two kinds of feature selection methods, i.e. correlation based and apoptosis pathway based. Then polynomials of different degrees were used to refine the cell fate prediction function. 10-fold cross-validation was carried out to evaluate the performance of our model. In addition, we analyzed the stability of the resultant cell fate prediction model by evaluating the ranges of the parameters, as well as assessing the variances of the predicted values at randomly selected points. Results show that, within both the two considered gene selection methods, the prediction accuracies of polynomials of different degrees show little differences. Interestingly, the linear polynomial (degree 1 polynomial) is more stable than others. When comparing the linear polynomials based on the two gene selection methods, it shows that although the accuracy of the linear polynomial that uses correlation analysis outcomes is a little higher (achieves 86.62%), the one within genes of the apoptosis pathway is much more stable. CONCLUSIONS Considering both the prediction accuracy and the stability of polynomial models of different degrees, the linear model is a preferred choice for cell fate prediction with gene expression data of pancreatic cells. The presented cell fate prediction model can be extended to other cells, which may be important for basic research as well as clinical study of cell development related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Ma
- Biomedical Informatics Lab, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798 Singapore
| | - Jie Zheng
- Biomedical Informatics Lab, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798 Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, 138672 Singapore
- Complexity Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637723 Singapore
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Demcollari TI, Cujba AM, Sancho R. Phenotypic plasticity in the pancreas: new triggers, new players. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2017; 49:38-46. [PMID: 29227863 PMCID: PMC6277812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The pancreas has a very limited regenerative potential during homeostasis. Despite its quiescent nature, recent in vivo models suggest a certain degree of regeneration and cellular interconversion is possible within the adult pancreas. It has now become evident that cellular plasticity can be observed in essentially all cell types within the pancreas when provided with the right stress stimuli. In this review, we will focus on the latest findings uncovering phenotypic plasticity of different cell types in the pancreas, the molecular mechanisms behind such plasticity and how plasticity associated with pancreatic or non-pancreatic cells could be harnessed in the generation of new insulin-producing beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theoni Ingrid Demcollari
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ana-Maria Cujba
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Rocio Sancho
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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38
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Kowalska M, Rupik W. Ultrastructure of endocrine pancreatic granules during pancreatic differentiation in the grass snake, Natrix natrix L. (Lepidosauria, Serpentes). J Morphol 2017; 279:330-348. [PMID: 29148072 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We used transmission electron microscopy to study the pancreatic main endocrine cell types in the embryos of the grass snake Natrix natrix L. with focus on the morphology of their secretory granules. The embryonic endocrine part of the pancreas in the grass snake contains four main types of cells (A, B, D, and PP), which is similar to other vertebrates. The B granules contained a moderately electron-dense crystalline-like core that was polygonal in shape and an electron-dense outer zone. The A granules had a spherical electron-dense eccentrically located core and a moderately electron-dense outer zone. The D granules were filled with a moderately electron-dense non-homogeneous content. The PP granules had a spherical electron-dense core with an electron translucent outer zone. Within the main types of granules (A, B, D, PP), different morphological subtypes were recognized that indicated their maturity, which may be related to the different content of these granules during the process of maturation. The sequence of pancreatic endocrine cell differentiation in grass snake embryos differs from that in many vertebrates. In the grass snake embryos, the B and D cells differentiated earlier than A and PP cells. The different sequence of endocrine cell differentiation in snakes and other vertebrates has been related to phylogenetic position and nutrition during early developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kowalska
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia, 9 Bankowa St, Katowice, 40-007, Poland
| | - Weronika Rupik
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia, 9 Bankowa St, Katowice, 40-007, Poland
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Saleh R, Reza HM. Short review on human umbilical cord lining epithelial cells and their potential clinical applications. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:222. [PMID: 29017529 PMCID: PMC5634865 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human umbilical cord has been studied extensively in the past two decades. It is free of ethical dilemmas, non-tumorigenic, and less immunogenic and thus provides a significant advantage over other stem cell sources. The cord lining yields both mesenchymal and epithelial stem cells. The mesenchymal cells have been appraised at length by many researchers, which led to the current review focusing on the cord lining epithelial cells (CLECs). These cells have high proliferative capacity and their superior harvest and multiplication, using the revolutionary CellOptimaTM technology, makes them better candidates in comparison to contemporary adult stem cells. Following 30 replication cycles these cells have been observed to retain their stemness, with their phenotype and karyotype intact. However, their remarkable immunosuppressant properties, protecting self as well as co-transplanted allografts from rejection, are what truly define their transplantation potential. They have been successfully applied to many chronic conditions, using animal models, including type 1 diabetes, limbal stem cell deficiency, burn injuries, and wound healing, etc. with encouraging results. CONCLUSIONS This review first discusses some of the advantages afforded by CLECs over other stem cell lines and then delineates their potential use in various clinical applications. Clinical trials using CLECs are currently underway in the US in collaboration with CellResearch Corp. and their potential positive findings will help garner an FDA approval, likely leading to the eventual commercialization of this promising technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razwa Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Plot 15, Block B, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Hasan Mahmud Reza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Plot 15, Block B, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh.
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40
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MicroRNAs as regulators and mediators of forkhead box transcription factors function in human cancers. Oncotarget 2017; 8:12433-12450. [PMID: 27999212 PMCID: PMC5355356 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence has shown that microRNAs are widely implicated as indispensable components of tumor suppressive and oncogenic pathways in human cancers. Thus, identification of microRNA targets and their relevant pathways will contribute to the development of microRNA-based therapeutics. The forkhead box transcription factors regulate numerous processes including cell cycle progression, metabolism, metastasis and angiogenesis, thereby facilitating tumor initiation and progression. A complex network of protein and non-coding RNAs mediates the expression and activity of forkhead box transcription factors. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge and concepts concerning the involvement of microRNAs and forkhead box transcription factors and describe the roles of microRNAs-forkhead box axis in various disease states including tumor initiation and progression. Additionally, we describe some of the technical challenges in the use of the microRNA-forkhead box signaling pathway in cancer treatment.
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41
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Jacobson EF, Tzanakakis ES. Human pluripotent stem cell differentiation to functional pancreatic cells for diabetes therapies: Innovations, challenges and future directions. J Biol Eng 2017; 11:21. [PMID: 28680477 PMCID: PMC5494890 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-017-0066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the expansion and directed pancreatogenic differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have intensified efforts to generate functional pancreatic islet cells, especially insulin-secreting β-cells, for cell therapies against diabetes. However, the consistent generation of glucose-responsive insulin-releasing cells remains challenging. In this article, we first present basic concepts of pancreatic organogenesis, which frequently serves as a basis for engineering differentiation regimens. Next, past and current efforts are critically discussed for the conversion of hPSCs along pancreatic cell lineages, including endocrine β-cells and α-cells, as well as exocrine cells with emphasis placed on the later stages of commitment. Finally, major challenges and future directions are examined, such as the identification of factors for in vivo maturation, large-scale culture and post processing systems, cell loss during differentiation, culture economics, efficiency, and efficacy and exosomes and miRNAs in pancreatic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena F Jacobson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Room 276A, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - Emmanuel S Tzanakakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Room 276A, Medford, MA 02155 USA.,Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111 USA
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42
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Atouf F, Choi Y, Fowler MJ, Poffenberger G, Vobecky J, Ta M, Chapman GB, Powers AC, Lumelsky NL. Generation of Islet-Like Hormone-Producing Cells In Vitro from Adult Human Pancreas. Cell Transplant 2017; 14:735-48. [PMID: 16454348 DOI: 10.3727/000000005783982602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of pancreatic islets can provide long-lasting insulin independence for diabetic patients, but the current islet supply is limited. Here we describe a new in vitro system that utilizes adult human pancreatic islet-enriched fractions to generate hormone-producing cells over 3–4 weeks of culture. By labeling proliferating cells with a retrovirus-expressing green fluorescent protein, we show that in this system hormone-producing cells are generated de novo. These hormone-producing cells aggregate to form islet-like cell clusters. The cell clusters, when tested in vitro, release insulin in response to glucose and other secretagogues. After transplantation into immunodeficient, nondiabetic mice, the islet-like cell clusters survive and release human insulin. We propose that this system will be useful as an experimental tool for investigating mechanisms for generating new islet cells from the postnatal pancreas, and for designing strategies to generate physiologically competent pancreatic islet cells ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad Atouf
- Islet and Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1453, USA
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43
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Vieira A, Druelle N, Avolio F, Napolitano T, Navarro-Sanz S, Silvano S, Collombat P. β-Cell Replacement Strategies: The Increasing Need for a "β-Cell Dogma". Front Genet 2017. [PMID: 28634486 PMCID: PMC5459879 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an auto-immune disease resulting in the loss of pancreatic β-cells and, consequently, in chronic hyperglycemia. Insulin supplementation allows diabetic patients to control their glycaemia quite efficiently, but treated patients still display an overall shortened life expectancy and an altered quality of life as compared to their healthy counterparts. In this context and due to the ever increasing number of diabetics, establishing alternative therapies has become a crucial research goal. Most current efforts therefore aim at generating fully functional insulin-secreting β-like cells using multiple approaches. In this review, we screened the literature published since 2011 and inventoried the selected markers used to characterize insulin-secreting cells generated by in vitro differentiation of stem/precursor cells or by means of in vivo transdifferentiation. By listing these features, we noted important discrepancies when comparing the different approaches for the initial characterization of insulin-producing cells as true β-cells. Considering the recent advances achieved in this field of research, the necessity to establish strict guidelines has become a subject of crucial importance, especially should one contemplate the next step, which is the transplantation of in vitro or ex vivo generated insulin-secreting cells in type 1 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andhira Vieira
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, iBV, Université Côte d'AzurNice, France
| | - Noémie Druelle
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, iBV, Université Côte d'AzurNice, France
| | - Fabio Avolio
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, iBV, Université Côte d'AzurNice, France
| | - Tiziana Napolitano
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, iBV, Université Côte d'AzurNice, France
| | - Sergi Navarro-Sanz
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, iBV, Université Côte d'AzurNice, France
| | - Serena Silvano
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, iBV, Université Côte d'AzurNice, France
| | - Patrick Collombat
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, iBV, Université Côte d'AzurNice, France
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44
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Kowalska M, Hermyt M, Rupik W. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the embryonic pancreas in the grass snake Natrix natrix L. (Lepidosauria, Serpentes) based on histological studies. ZOOLOGY 2017; 121:91-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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45
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Bastidas-Ponce A, Roscioni SS, Burtscher I, Bader E, Sterr M, Bakhti M, Lickert H. Foxa2 and Pdx1 cooperatively regulate postnatal maturation of pancreatic β-cells. Mol Metab 2017; 6:524-534. [PMID: 28580283 PMCID: PMC5444078 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The transcription factors (TF) Foxa2 and Pdx1 are key regulators of beta-cell (β-cell) development and function. Mutations of these TFs or their respective cis-regulatory consensus binding sites have been linked to maturity diabetes of the young (MODY), pancreas agenesis, or diabetes susceptibility in human. Although Foxa2 has been shown to directly regulate Pdx1 expression during mouse embryonic development, the impact of this gene regulatory interaction on postnatal β-cell maturation remains obscure. METHODS In order to easily monitor the expression domains of Foxa2 and Pdx1 and analyze their functional interconnection, we generated a novel double knock-in homozygous (FVFPBFDHom) fluorescent reporter mouse model by crossing the previously described Foxa2-Venus fusion (FVF) with the newly generated Pdx1-BFP (blue fluorescent protein) fusion (PBF) mice. RESULTS Although adult PBF homozygous animals exhibited a reduction in expression levels of Pdx1, they are normoglycemic. On the contrary, despite normal pancreas and endocrine development, the FVFPBFDHom reporter male animals developed hyperglycemia at weaning age and displayed a reduction in Pdx1 levels in islets, which coincided with alterations in β-cell number and islet architecture. The failure to establish mature β-cells resulted in loss of β-cell identity and trans-differentiation towards other endocrine cell fates. Further analysis suggested that Foxa2 and Pdx1 genetically and functionally cooperate to regulate maturation of adult β-cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that the maturation of pancreatic β-cells requires the cooperative function of Foxa2 and Pdx1. Understanding the postnatal gene regulatory network of β-cell maturation will help to decipher pathomechanisms of diabetes and identify triggers to regenerate dedifferentiated β-cell mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimée Bastidas-Ponce
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
| | - Sara S Roscioni
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Ingo Burtscher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
| | - Erik Bader
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Michael Sterr
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
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46
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Sebastiani G, Valentini M, Grieco GE, Ventriglia G, Nigi L, Mancarella F, Pellegrini S, Martino G, Sordi V, Piemonti L, Dotta F. MicroRNA expression profiles of human iPSCs differentiation into insulin-producing cells. Acta Diabetol 2017; 54:265-281. [PMID: 28039581 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-016-0955-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS MicroRNAs are a class of small noncoding RNAs, which control gene expression by inhibition of mRNA translation. MicroRNAs are involved in the control of biological processes including cell differentiation. Here, we aim at characterizing microRNA expression profiles during differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into insulin-producing cells. METHODS We differentiated hiPSCs toward endocrine pancreatic lineage following a 18-day protocol. We analyzed genes and microRNA expression levels using RT real-time PCR and TaqMan microRNA arrays followed by bioinformatic functional analysis. RESULTS MicroRNA expression profiles analysis of undifferentiated hiPSCs during pancreatic differentiation revealed that 347/768 microRNAs were expressed at least in one time point of all samples. We observed 18 microRNAs differentially expressed: 11 were upregulated (miR-9-5p, miR-9-3p, miR-10a, miR-99a-3p, miR-124a, miR-135a, miR-138, miR-149, miR-211, miR-342-3p and miR-375) and 7 downregulated (miR-31, miR-127, miR-143, miR-302c-3p, miR-373, miR-518b and miR-520c-3p) during differentiation into insulin-producing cells. Selected microRNAs were further evaluated during differentiation of Sendai-virus-reprogrammed hiPSCs using an improved endocrine pancreatic beta cell derivation protocol and, moreover, in differentiated NKX6.1+ sorted cells. Following Targetscan7.0 analysis of target genes of differentially expressed microRNAs and gene ontology classification, we found that such target genes belong to categories of major significance in pancreas organogenesis and development or exocytosis. CONCLUSIONS We detected a specific hiPSCs microRNAs signature during differentiation into insulin-producing cells and demonstrated that differentially expressed microRNAs target several genes involved in pancreas organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Sebastiani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto di Mario ONLUS, Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Valentini
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto di Mario ONLUS, Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Emanuela Grieco
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto di Mario ONLUS, Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuliana Ventriglia
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto di Mario ONLUS, Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Nigi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto di Mario ONLUS, Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Mancarella
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto di Mario ONLUS, Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Pellegrini
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvito Martino
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Sordi
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
- Fondazione Umberto di Mario ONLUS, Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy.
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Reynolds MS, Hancock CR, Ray JD, Kener KB, Draney C, Garland K, Hardman J, Bikman BT, Tessem JS. β-Cell deletion of Nr4a1 and Nr4a3 nuclear receptors impedes mitochondrial respiration and insulin secretion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 311:E186-201. [PMID: 27221116 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00022.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
β-Cell insulin secretion is dependent on proper mitochondrial function. Various studies have clearly shown that the Nr4a family of orphan nuclear receptors is essential for fuel utilization and mitochondrial function in liver, muscle, and adipose. Previously, we have demonstrated that overexpression of Nr4a1 or Nr4a3 is sufficient to induce proliferation of pancreatic β-cells. In this study, we examined whether Nr4a expression impacts pancreatic β-cell mitochondrial function. Here, we show that β-cell mitochondrial respiration is dependent on the nuclear receptors Nr4a1 and Nr4a3. Mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized cells was significantly decreased in β-cells lacking Nr4a1 or Nr4a3. Furthermore, respiration rates of intact cells deficient for Nr4a1 or Nr4a3 in the presence of 16 mM glucose resulted in decreased glucose mediated oxygen consumption. Consistent with this reduction in respiration, a significant decrease in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion rates is observed with deletion of Nr4a1 or Nr4a3. Interestingly, the changes in respiration and insulin secretion occur without a reduction in mitochondrial content, suggesting decreased mitochondrial function. We establish that knockdown of Nr4a1 and Nr4a3 results in decreased expression of the mitochondrial dehydrogenase subunits Idh3g and Sdhb. We demonstrate that loss of Nr4a1 and Nr4a3 impedes production of ATP and ultimately inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. These data demonstrate for the first time that the orphan nuclear receptors Nr4a1 and Nr4a3 are critical for β-cell mitochondrial function and insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merrick S Reynolds
- Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science Department, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah; and
| | - Chad R Hancock
- Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science Department, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah; and
| | - Jason D Ray
- Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science Department, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah; and
| | - Kyle B Kener
- Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science Department, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah; and
| | - Carrie Draney
- Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science Department, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah; and
| | - Kevin Garland
- Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science Department, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah; and
| | - Jeremy Hardman
- Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science Department, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah; and
| | - Benjamin T Bikman
- Physiology and Developmental Biology Department, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Jeffery S Tessem
- Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science Department, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah; and
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Use of the Fluidigm C1 platform for RNA sequencing of single mouse pancreatic islet cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:3293-8. [PMID: 26951663 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1602306113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study provides an assessment of the Fluidigm C1 platform for RNA sequencing of single mouse pancreatic islet cells. The system combines microfluidic technology and nanoliter-scale reactions. We sequenced 622 cells, allowing identification of 341 islet cells with high-quality gene expression profiles. The cells clustered into populations of α-cells (5%), β-cells (92%), δ-cells (1%), and pancreatic polypeptide cells (2%). We identified cell-type-specific transcription factors and pathways primarily involved in nutrient sensing and oxidation and cell signaling. Unexpectedly, 281 cells had to be removed from the analysis due to low viability, low sequencing quality, or contamination resulting in the detection of more than one islet hormone. Collectively, we provide a resource for identification of high-quality gene expression datasets to help expand insights into genes and pathways characterizing islet cell types. We reveal limitations in the C1 Fluidigm cell capture process resulting in contaminated cells with altered gene expression patterns. This calls for caution when interpreting single-cell transcriptomics data using the C1 Fluidigm system.
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Unsal IO, Ginis Z, Pinarli FA, Albayrak A, Cakal E, Sahin M, Delibasi T. Comparison of therapeutic characteristics of islet cell transplantation simultaneous with pancreatic mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in rats with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2016; 11:526-32. [PMID: 25297071 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9563-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although, pancreas islet call transplantation is a new, promising method for type 1 diabetic patients, it remains as an experimental procedure applied in selected patients. The present study aimed to investigate effect of pancreatic mesenchymal stem cell transplantation simultaneous with islet cell transplantation on islet liveliness and thus on the treatment of diabetes in type 1 diabetic rats. The study used Wistar Albino Rats and was performed in a total of four groups [control (G1), mesenchymal stem cell (G2), islet (G3) and islet + mesencymal stem cell (G4)] each including 8 rats. Blood glucose level of the rats, in which diabetes model has been created using streptozotocin, was measured after 72 h. Blood samples were obtained from the rats 30 days after transplantation and then, their livers and pancreases were kept in 10% formaldehyde and the experiment was ended. Following staining with H&E, they were morphologically evaluated under a light microscope. Change in mean blood glucose level was statistically significant in G3 and G4 versus G1 and G2 (p = 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001 respectively). Histological examination revealed that mean number of islet cells in the pancreases of the rats was higher in G4; difference between the groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Transplantation of islet cells together with mesenchymal stem cells showed beneficial effects in terms of prolonging survival of islet grafts suggesting that transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells together with islet cells during clinical islet transplantation may be beneficial in increasing the number of noninsulin-dependent patients in Type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilknur Ozturk Unsal
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey,
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Iacovacci V, Ricotti L, Menciassi A, Dario P. The bioartificial pancreas (BAP): Biological, chemical and engineering challenges. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 100:12-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.08.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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