1
|
Devan AR, Nair B, Pradeep GK, Alexander R, Vinod BS, Nath LR, Calina D, Sharifi-Rad J. The role of glypican-3 in hepatocellular carcinoma: Insights into diagnosis and therapeutic potential. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:490. [PMID: 39369212 PMCID: PMC11453014 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-02073-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Glypican-3 (GPC-3) is predominantly found in the placenta and fetal liver, with limited expression in adult tissues. Its re-expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and secretion into the serum highlights its potential as a diagnostic marker. GPC-3 is involved in important cellular processes such as proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition through various signaling pathways including Wnt, IGF, YAP, and Hedgehog. To review the structure, biosynthesis, and post-translational modifications of GPC-3, and to elucidate its signaling mechanisms and role as a pro-proliferative protein in HCC, emphasizing its diagnostic and therapeutic potential. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on the expression of GPC-3 in various tumors, with a special emphasis on HCC. The review synthesized findings from experimental studies and clinical trials, analyzing the overexpression of GPC-3 in HCC, its differentiation from other liver diseases, and its potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic target. GPC-3 overexpression in HCC is linked to aggressive tumor behavior and poor prognosis, including shorter overall and disease-free survival. Additionally, GPC-3 has emerged as a promising therapeutic target. Ongoing investigations, including immunotherapies such as monoclonal antibodies and CAR-T cell therapies, demonstrate potential in inhibiting tumor growth and improving clinical outcomes. The review details the multifaceted roles of GPC-3 in tumorigenesis, including its impact on tumor-associated macrophages, glucose metabolism, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, all contributing to HCC progression. GPC-3's re-expression in HCC and its involvement in key tumorigenic processes underscore its value as a biomarker for early diagnosis and a target for therapeutic intervention. Further research is warranted to fully exploit GPC-3's diagnostic and therapeutic potential in HCC management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aswathy R Devan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P.O., Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Bhagyalakshmi Nair
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P.O., Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Govind K Pradeep
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P.O., Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Roshini Alexander
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P.O., Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Balachandran S Vinod
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Narayana College, Kollam, Kerala, 691001, India
| | - Lekshmi R Nath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P.O., Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India.
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, 092301, Ecuador.
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pan F, Wang CN, Yu ZH, Wu ZR, Wang Z, Lou S, Li WH, Liu GX, Li T, Zhao YZ, Tang Y. NADPHnet: a novel strategy to predict compounds for regulation of NADPH metabolism via network-based methods. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:2199-2211. [PMID: 38902503 PMCID: PMC11420228 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01324-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Identification of compounds to modulate NADPH metabolism is crucial for understanding complex diseases and developing effective therapies. However, the complex nature of NADPH metabolism poses challenges in achieving this goal. In this study, we proposed a novel strategy named NADPHnet to predict key proteins and drug-target interactions related to NADPH metabolism via network-based methods. Different from traditional approaches only focusing on one single protein, NADPHnet could screen compounds to modulate NADPH metabolism from a comprehensive view. Specifically, NADPHnet identified key proteins involved in regulation of NADPH metabolism using network-based methods, and characterized the impact of natural products on NADPH metabolism using a combined score, NADPH-Score. NADPHnet demonstrated a broader applicability domain and improved accuracy in the external validation set. This approach was further employed along with molecular docking to identify 27 compounds from a natural product library, 6 of which exhibited concentration-dependent changes of cellular NADPH level within 100 μM, with Oxyberberine showing promising effects even at 10 μM. Mechanistic and pathological analyses of Oxyberberine suggest potential novel mechanisms to affect diabetes and cancer. Overall, NADPHnet offers a promising method for prediction of NADPH metabolism modulation and advances drug discovery for complex diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Pan
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Cheng-Nuo Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhuo-Hang Yu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zeng-Rui Wu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ze Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Shang Lou
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wei-Hua Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Gui-Xia Liu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ting Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Yu-Zheng Zhao
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hu Z, Liu Q, Ouyang B, Wang G, Wei C, Zhao X. Recent advances in genetic engineering to enhance plant-polysaccharide-degrading enzyme expression in Penicillium oxalicum: A brief review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134775. [PMID: 39153674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
With the depletion of non-renewable fossil fuels, there has been an increasing emphasis on renewable biomass. Penicillium oxalicum is notable for its exceptional capacity to secrete a diverse array of enzymes that degrade plant polysaccharides into monosaccharides. These valuable monosaccharides can be harnessed in the production of bioethanol and other sustainable forms of energy. By enhancing the production of plant-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes (PPDEs) in P. oxalicum, we can optimize the utilization of plant biomass. This paper presents recent advances in augmenting PPDE expression in P. oxalicum through genetic engineering strategies involving protoplast preparation, transformation, and factors influencing PPDE gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Hu
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Qiling Liu
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Bei Ouyang
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Guoping Wang
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Chenyang Wei
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Xihua Zhao
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Livneh I, Fabre B, Goldhirsh G, Lulu C, Zinger A, Shammai Vainer Y, Kaduri M, Dahan A, Ziv T, Schroeder A, Ben-Neriah Y, Zohar Y, Cohen-Kaplan V, Ciechanover A. Inhibition of nucleo-cytoplasmic proteasome translocation by the aromatic amino acids or silencing Sestrin3-their sensing mediator-is tumor suppressive. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:1242-1254. [PMID: 39266717 PMCID: PMC11445514 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01370-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The proteasome, the catalytic arm of the ubiquitin system, is regulated via its dynamic compartmentation between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, among other mechanisms. Under amino acid shortage, the proteolytic complex is translocated to the cytoplasm, where it stimulates proteolysis to supplement recycled amino acids for essential protein synthesis. This response is mediated via the mTOR pathway and the lack of the three aromatic amino acids Tyr, Trp, and Phe (YWF). mTOR activation by supplementation of the triad inhibits proteasome translocation, leading to cell death. We now show that tumoral inherent stress conditions result in translocation of the proteasome from the nucleus to the cytosol. We further show that the modulation of the signaling cascade governed by YWF is applicable also to non-starved cells by using higher concentration of the triad to achieve a surplus relative to all other amino acids. Based on these two phenomena, we found that the modulation of stress signals via the administration of YWF leads to nuclear proteasome sequestration and inhibition of growth of xenograft, spontaneous, and metastatic mouse tumor models. In correlation with the observed effect of YWF on tumors, we found - using transcriptomic and proteomic analyses - that the triad affects various cellular processes related to cell proliferation, migration, and death. In addition, Sestrin3-a mediator of YWF sensing upstream of mTOR-is essential for proteasome translocation, and therefore plays a pro-tumorigenic role, positioning it as a potential oncogene. This newly identified approach for hijacking the cellular "satiety center" carries therefore potential therapeutic implications for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ido Livneh
- The Rappaport Technion Integrated Cancer Center (R-TICC) and the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
- Institute of Pathology and Cytology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Bertrand Fabre
- The Rappaport Technion Integrated Cancer Center (R-TICC) and the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR5546, Université de Toulouse 3, INP, CNRS, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Gilad Goldhirsh
- The Rappaport Technion Integrated Cancer Center (R-TICC) and the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Chen Lulu
- The Rappaport Technion Integrated Cancer Center (R-TICC) and the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Adar Zinger
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Shammai Vainer
- The Louis Family Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Maya Kaduri
- The Louis Family Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Aviva Dahan
- Institute of Pathology and Cytology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tamar Ziv
- Smoler Proteomic Center, Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Avi Schroeder
- The Louis Family Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yinon Ben-Neriah
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaniv Zohar
- The Rappaport Technion Integrated Cancer Center (R-TICC) and the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Institute of Pathology and Cytology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Victoria Cohen-Kaplan
- The Rappaport Technion Integrated Cancer Center (R-TICC) and the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Aaron Ciechanover
- The Rappaport Technion Integrated Cancer Center (R-TICC) and the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Brennan PG, Mota L, Aridi T, Patel N, Liang P, Ferran C. Advancements in Omics and Breakthrough Gene Therapies: A Glimpse into the Future of Peripheral Artery Disease. Ann Vasc Surg 2024; 107:229-246. [PMID: 38582204 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2024.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD), a highly prevalent global disease, associates with significant morbidity and mortality in affected patients. Despite progress in endovascular and open revascularization techniques for advanced PAD, these interventions grapple with elevated rates of arterial restenosis and vein graft failure attributed to intimal hyperplasia (IH). Novel multiomics technologies, coupled with sophisticated analyses tools recently powered by advances in artificial intelligence, have enabled the study of atherosclerosis and IH with unprecedented single-cell and spatial precision. Numerous studies have pinpointed gene hubs regulating pivotal atherogenic and atheroprotective signaling pathways as potential therapeutic candidates. Leveraging advancements in viral and nonviral gene therapy (GT) platforms, gene editing technologies, and cutting-edge biomaterial reservoirs for delivery uniquely positions us to develop safe, efficient, and targeted GTs for PAD-related diseases. Gene therapies appear particularly fitting for ex vivo genetic engineering of IH-resistant vein grafts. This manuscript highlights currently available state-of-the-art multiomics approaches, explores promising GT-based candidates, and details GT delivery modalities employed by our laboratory and others to thwart mid-term vein graft failure caused by IH, as well as other PAD-related conditions. The potential clinical translation of these targeted GTs holds the promise to revolutionize PAD treatment, thereby enhancing patients' quality of life and life expectancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip G Brennan
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lucas Mota
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tarek Aridi
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Nyah Patel
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Patric Liang
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Christiane Ferran
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Division of Nephrology and the Transplant Institute, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Smith TD, Riedl MA. The future of therapeutic options for hereditary angioedema. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2024; 133:380-390. [PMID: 38679158 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2024.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic condition causing unpredictable and severe episodes of angioedema that are debilitating and life-threatening. Moreover, HAE can be classified into HAE due to C1-esterase inhibitor deficiency (HAE-C1INH) or HAE with normal C1INH. Moreover, HAE-C1INH is subcategorized as types I and II based on deficient or dysfunctional circulating C1INH protein resulting from inherited or spontaneous mutations in the SERPING1 gene leading to uncontrolled factor XII/plasma kallikrein activation and excessive bradykinin production. Bradykinin-2 receptor activation leads to vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and smooth muscle contractions, resulting in subcutaneous or submucosal fluid extravasation that can affect the face, extremities, airway, and gastrointestinal and genitourinary systems. Furthermore, HAE with normal C1INH is caused by either a known or unknown genetic mutation, and the mechanisms are less well-established but most forms are thought to be related to bradykinin signaling with a similar presentation as HAE-C1INH despite normal levels of C1INH protein and function. Current HAE management strategies include on-demand and prophylactic treatments which replace C1INH, reduce kallikrein activity, or block bradykinin binding to the bradykinin B2 receptor. With the advent of additional small molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, RNA-targeted therapies, gene therapies, and gene modification approaches, preclinical studies and human clinical trials are underway to further expand therapeutic options in HAE. This review article will briefly summarize current HAE treatments and provide an overview of potential future therapies for HAE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tukisa D Smith
- Division of Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Marc A Riedl
- Division of Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gertsch J, Chicca A. CNS Drug Discovery in Academia: Where Basic Research Meets Innovation. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400397. [PMID: 38958639 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The involvement of academic research in drug discovery is consistently growing. However, academic projects seldom advance to clinical trials. Here, we assess the landscape of drug discovery within the National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure launched by the Swiss National Science Foundation to foster basic research and early-stage drug discovery on membrane transporters. This included transporters in central nervous system (CNS) disorders, which represent a huge unmet medical need. While idea championship, sustainable funding, collaborations between disciplines at the interface of academia and industry are important for translational research, Popperian falsifiability, strong intellectual property and a motivated startup team are key elements for innovation. This is exemplified by the NCCR TransCure spin-off company Synendos Therapeutics, a clinical stage biotech company developing the first selective endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitors (SERIs) as novel treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders. We provide a perspective on the challenges related to entering an uncharted druggable space and bridging the often mentioned "valley of death". The high attrition rate of drug discovery projects in the CNS field within academia is often due to the lack of meaningful animal models that can provide pharmacological proof-of-concept for potentially disruptive technologies at the earliest stages, and the absence of solid intellectual property.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Chicca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Synendos Therapeutics, Barfüsserplatz, 3, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu P, He X, Fan J, Tai Y, Zheng D, Yao Y, Sun S, Luo Y, Chen J, Hu WW, Ying B, Luo F, Niu Q, Sun X, Li Y. Electrochemical cytosensors for non-invasive liquid biopsy: Detection procedures and technologies for circulating tumor cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 267:116818. [PMID: 39353368 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Each year, millions of new cancer cases and cancer-related deaths underscore the urgent need for effective, affordable screening methods. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which derived from tumors and shedding into bloodstream, are considered promising biomarkers for liquid biopsy due to their unique biological significance and the substantial volume of supporting research. Among many advanced CTCs detection methods, electrochemical sensing is rapidly developing due to their high selectivity, high sensitivity, low cost, and rapid detection capability, well meeting the growing demand for non-invasive liquid biopsy. This review focuses on the entire procedure of detecting CTCs using electrochemical cytosensors, starting from sample preparation, detailing bio-recognition elements for capturing CTCs, highlighting design strategies of cytosensor, and discussing the prospects and challenges of electrochemical cytosensor applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peilin Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xun He
- Center for High Altitude Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiwen Fan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunze Tai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Dongdong Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Yongchao Yao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengjun Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Yao Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenchuang Walter Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Fengming Luo
- Center for High Altitude Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Niu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xuping Sun
- Center for High Altitude Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wiley L, Cheek M, LaFar E, Ma X, Sekowski J, Tanguturi N, Iltis A. The Ethics of Human Embryo Editing via CRISPR-Cas9 Technology: A Systematic Review of Ethical Arguments, Reasons, and Concerns. HEC Forum 2024:10.1007/s10730-024-09538-1. [PMID: 39302534 DOI: 10.1007/s10730-024-09538-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
The possibility of editing the genomes of human embryos has generated significant discussion and interest as a matter of science and ethics. While it holds significant promise to prevent or treat disease, research on and potential clinical applications of human embryo editing also raise ethical, regulatory, and safety concerns. This systematic review included 223 publications to identify the ethical arguments, reasons, and concerns that have been offered for and against the editing of human embryos using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. We identified six major themes: risk/harm; potential benefit; oversight; informed consent; justice, equity, and other social considerations; and eugenics. We explore these themes and provide an overview and analysis of the critical points in the current literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Wiley
- Wake Forest University Center for Bioethics, Health and Society, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Mattison Cheek
- Wake Forest University Center for Bioethics, Health and Society, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Emily LaFar
- Wake Forest University Center for Bioethics, Health and Society, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Xiaolu Ma
- Department of Communication Studies, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Justin Sekowski
- Wake Forest University Center for Bioethics, Health and Society, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Nikki Tanguturi
- Wake Forest University Center for Bioethics, Health and Society, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Ana Iltis
- Department of Philosophy, Wake Forest University Center for Bioethics, Health and Society, Winston-Salem, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hoch CC, Hachani K, Han Y, Schmidl B, Wirth M, Multhoff G, Bashiri Dezfouli A, Wollenberg B. The future of interleukin gene therapy in head and neck cancers. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2024:1-17. [PMID: 39291462 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2024.2405568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Head and neck cancer (HNC), primarily head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, originates from the squamous epithelium in areas like the oral cavity, lip, larynx, and oropharynx. With high morbidity impacting critical functions, combined treatments like surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy often fall short in advanced stages, highlighting the need for innovative therapies. AREAS COVERED This review critically evaluates interleukin (IL) gene therapy for treating HNC. The discussion extends to key ILs in HNC, various gene therapy techniques and delivery methods. We particularly focus on the application of IL-2, IL-12, and IL-24 gene therapies, examining their mechanisms and outcomes in preclinical studies and clinical trials. The final sections address IL gene therapy challenges in HNC, exploring solutions and critically assessing future therapeutic directions. EXPERT OPINION Despite advancements in genomic and immunotherapy, significant challenges in HNC treatment persist, primarily due to the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment and the adverse effects of current therapies. The therapeutic efficacy of IL gene therapy hinges on overcoming these hurdles through refined delivery methods that ensure targeted, tumor-specific gene expression. Future strategies should focus on refining gene delivery methods and combining IL gene therapy with other treatments to optimize efficacy and minimize toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cosima C Hoch
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Khouloud Hachani
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schmidl
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Wirth
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich (TranslaTUM), Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Ali Bashiri Dezfouli
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich (TranslaTUM), Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Wollenberg
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang CH, Lin GC, Fu RH, Huang YC, Chen SY, Lin SZ, Harn HJ, Shyu WC, Huang YF, Jeng LB, Liu SP. Neural stem cells derived from α-synuclein-knockdown iPS cells alleviate Parkinson's disease. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:407. [PMID: 39285205 PMCID: PMC11405526 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have the potential to replace damaged or defective cells and assist in the development of treatments for neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease. iPS cells derived from patient-specific somatic cells are not only ethically acceptable, but they also avoid complications relating to immune rejection. Currently, researchers are developing stem cell-based therapies for PD using induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. iPS cells can differentiate into cells from any of the three germ layers, including neural stem cells (NSCs). Transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) is an emerging therapy for treating neurological disorders by restoring neuronal function. Nevertheless, there are still challenges associated with the quality and source of neural stem cells. This issue can be addressed by genetically edited iPS cells. In this study, shRNA was used to knock down the expression of mutant α-synuclein (SNCA) in iPS cells that were generated from SNCA A53T transgenic mice, and these iPS cells were differentiated to NSCs. After injecting these NSCs into SNCA A53T mice, the therapeutic effects of these cells were evaluated. We found that the transplantation of neural stem cells produced from SNCA A53T iPS cells with knocking down SNCA not only improved SNCA A53T mice coordination abilities, balance abilities, and locomotor activities but also significantly prolonged their lifespans. The results of this study suggest an innovative therapeutic approach that combines stem cell therapy and gene therapy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chie-Hong Wang
- Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Neuroscience and Brain Disease Center, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 411, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Cyun Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 411, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Huei Fu
- Ph.D. Program for Aging, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 411, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuen Huang
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 411, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yin Chen
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 411, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, 970, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, 970, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Jyh Harn
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, 970, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 970, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Neuroscience and Brain Disease Center, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 411, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Huang
- Department of General Dentistry, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Long-Bin Jeng
- Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Liu
- Neuroscience and Brain Disease Center, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 411, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program for Aging, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 411, Taiwan.
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mazzeo R, Sears J, Palmero L, Bolzonello S, Davis AA, Gerratana L, Puglisi F. Liquid biopsy in triple-negative breast cancer: unlocking the potential of precision oncology. ESMO Open 2024; 9:103700. [PMID: 39288656 PMCID: PMC11421323 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2024.103700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In the era of precision oncology, the management of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is rapidly changing and becoming more complicated with a variety of chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted treatment options. Currently, TNBC treatment is based on prognostic and predictive factors including immunohistochemical biomarkers [e.g. programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)] and germline BRCA mutations. Given the current limitation of existing biomarkers, liquid biopsies may serve as clinically useful tools to determine treatment efficacy and response in both the (neo)adjuvant and metastatic settings, for detecting early relapse, and for monitoring clonal evolution during treatment. In this review, we comprehensively summarize current and future liquid biopsy applications. Specifically, we highlight the role of circulating tumor cell characterization, circulating tumor DNA, and other preclinical liquid biopsy technologies including circulating exosomes, RNA liquid biopsy, and circulating immune-based biomarkers. In the near future, these biomarkers may serve to identify early disease relapse, therapeutic targets, and disease clonality for patients with TNBC in the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Mazzeo
- Department of Medical Oncology, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano; Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - J Sears
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis
| | - L Palmero
- Department of Medical Oncology, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano; Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - S Bolzonello
- Department of Medical Oncology, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano
| | - A A Davis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - L Gerratana
- Department of Medical Oncology, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano; Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
| | - F Puglisi
- Department of Medical Oncology, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano; Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chhetri SP, Bhandari VS, Maharjan R, Lamichhane TR. Identification of lead inhibitors for 3CLpro of SARS-CoV-2 target using machine learning based virtual screening, ADMET analysis, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. RSC Adv 2024; 14:29683-29692. [PMID: 39297030 PMCID: PMC11408992 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04502e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro is a critical target for COVID-19 therapeutics due to its role in viral replication. We employed a screening pipeline to identify novel inhibitors by combining machine learning classification with similarity checks of approved medications. A voting classifier, integrating three machine learning classifiers, was used to filter a large database (∼10 million compounds) for potential inhibitors. This ensemble-based machine learning technique enhances overall performance and robustness compared to individual classifiers. From the screening, three compounds M1, M2 and M3 were selected for further analysis. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) analysis compared these candidates to nirmatrelvir and azvudine. Molecular docking followed by 200 ns MD simulations showed that only M1 (6-[2,4-bis(dimethylamino)-6,8-dihydro-5H-pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine-7-carbonyl]-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione) remained stable. For azvudine and M1, the estimated median lethal doses are 1000 and 550 mg kg-1, respectively, with maximum tolerated doses of 0.289 and 0.614 log mg per kg per day. The predicted inhibitory activity of M1 is 7.35, similar to that of nirmatrelvir. The binding free energy based on Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM-PBSA) of M1 is -18.86 ± 4.38 kcal mol-1, indicating strong binding interactions. These findings suggest that M1 merits further investigation as a potential SARS-CoV-2 treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rajesh Maharjan
- Central Department of Physics, Tribhuvan University Kathmandu 44600 Nepal
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Della Pelle G, Bozic T, Vukomanović M, Sersa G, Markelc B, Kostevšek N. Efficient siRNA delivery to murine melanoma cells via a novel genipin-based nano-polymer. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:4704-4723. [PMID: 39263399 PMCID: PMC11386170 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00363b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are therapeutic nucleic acids, often delivered via cationic polymers, liposomes, or extracellular vesicles, each method with its limitations. Genipin, a natural crosslinker for primary amines, was explored for siRNA delivery scaffolds. Spermine/genipin-based GxS5 polymers were synthesized, showing slightly positive ζ potential at neutral pH and intrinsic fluorescence. We then tuned their polymerization adding glycine to the reaction batch, from 1 to 10 molar ratio with genipin, therefore conferring them a "zwitterionic" character. GxS5 efficiently internalized into B16F10 murine melanoma cells, and exhibited strong siRNA-complexing ability and they were able to elicit up to 60% of gene knock-down without any toxicity. This highlights GxS5's potential as a safe, replicable, and tunable platform for therapeutic nucleic acid delivery, suggesting broader applications. This innovative approach not only sheds light on the intricate genipin reaction mechanism but also underscores the importance of fine-tuning nanoparticle properties for effective siRNA delivery. GxS5's success in mitigating cytotoxicity while maintaining delivery efficacy signifies a promising step towards safer and more efficient nucleic acid therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Della Pelle
- Department for Nanostructured Materials, Jožef Stefan Institute 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Tim Bozic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Marija Vukomanović
- Advanced Materials Department, Jožef Stefan Institute 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana Zdravstvena pot 5 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Bostjan Markelc
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Nina Kostevšek
- Department for Nanostructured Materials, Jožef Stefan Institute 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu X, Sun Y, Lv X, Song M, Sun J, Sun Y. Targeting lipid peroxidation-associated ferroptosis suppresses lung carcinoma progression by regulating cell cycle arrest. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112518. [PMID: 38917528 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Lung carcinoma is a frequently encountered cancerous growth that affects the respiratory tract and has a high occurrence rate globally. In light of the ongoing worldwide health emergency, the significance of efficient therapeutic agents and strategies is of utmost importance. A meticulous control of the cell cycle is crucial for comprehending the pathophysiology and molecular causes of lung cancer, as well as for the formulation of efficacious therapeutic medicines. The mechanism by which cells synchronize cell cycle with cell survival and death is still not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrate that the halting of the cell cycle has a strong inhibitory impact on ferroptosis, a specific type of controlled cell death triggered by excessive lipid peroxidation at the membranes of cells. Ferroptosis is halted through the mechanism of cell cycle arrest, which involves the deposition of intracellular lipids mediated by diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT). Excessive amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are stored as triacylglycerols (TAGs) within inactive cells. As a result, inhibiting DGAT causes a rearrangement of PUFAs from TAGs to phospholipids and makes arrested cells more susceptible to ferroptosis. We demonstrate that certain lung cancer cells that are resistant to antimitotic drugs and have a slow-cycling behavior exhibit an increase in lipid droplets. Furthermore, we find that the growth of tumors resistant to 5-fluorouracil, lorlatinib, and docetaxel can be effectively suppressed by a combination treatment involving the use of ferroptosis inducers and DGAT inhibitors, which induces ferroptosis. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the involvement of cell cycle arrest in conferring resistance to ferroptosis and propose a potential therapeutic approach for addressing the challenge of slow-cycling malignancies that exhibit resistance to ferroptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuju Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, PR China
| | - Yuhui Sun
- Department of Medical Administration, Tai'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Tai'an 271000, PR China
| | - Xue Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250117, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Song
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Tai'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Tai'an 271000, PR China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Oncology, Shouguang People's Hospital, Shouguang 262700, PR China
| | - Yulan Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lotter C, Kuzucu EÜ, Casper J, Alter CL, Puligilla RD, Detampel P, Lopez JS, Ham AS, Huwyler J. Comparison of ionizable lipids for lipid nanoparticle mediated DNA delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 203:106898. [PMID: 39260517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are successfully used for RNA-based gene delivery. In the context of gene replacement therapies, however, delivery of DNA expression plasmids using LNPs as a non-viral vector could be a promising strategy for the induction of longer-lasting effects. Therefore, DNA expression plasmids (3 to 4 kbp) coding for fluorescent markers or luciferase were combined with LNPs. Different clinically used ionizable lipids (DLin-MC3-DMA, SM-102, and ALC-0315) were tested to compare their influence on DNA plasmid delivery. DNA-LNPs were characterized with respect to their colloidal properties (size, polydispersity, ζ-potential, morphology), in vitro performance (cellular uptake, DNA delivery, and gene expression), and in vivo characteristics (biodistribution and luciferase gene expression). At an optimized N/P ratio of 6, spherical, small and monodisperse particles with anionic ζ-potential were obtained. Efficient transgene expression was achieved with a minimum amount of 1 pg DNA per initially plated cells. Zebrafish studies allowed selection of DNA-LNPs, which demonstrated prolonged blood circulation, avoidance of macrophage clearance, and vascular extravasation. Our comparative study demonstrates a high impact of the ionizable lipid type on DNA-LNP performance. Superior transfection efficiency of DNA-LNPs containing the ionizable lipid ALC-0315 was confirmed in wildtype mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lotter
- Pharmazentrum, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Evrim Ümit Kuzucu
- Pharmazentrum, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Casper
- Pharmazentrum, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Luca Alter
- Pharmazentrum, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ramya Deepthi Puligilla
- Pharmazentrum, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Detampel
- Pharmazentrum, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juana Serrano Lopez
- Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, ES-28015 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jörg Huwyler
- Pharmazentrum, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Silva-Junior AL, Oliveira LS, Dias S, Costa TCC, Xabregas LA, Alves-Hanna FS, Abrahim CMM, Neves WLL, Crispim MAE, Toro DM, Silva-Neto PV, Aponte DCM, Oliveira TC, Silva MCC, Matos MMM, Carvalho MPSS, Tarragô AM, Fraiji NA, Faccioli LH, Sorgi CA, Sabino EC, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA, Costa AG, Malheiro A. Immunologic mediators profile in COVID-19 convalescence. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20930. [PMID: 39251702 PMCID: PMC11384766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71419-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 caused the pandemic situation experienced since the beginning of 2020, and many countries faced the rapid spread and severe form of the disease. Mechanisms of interaction between the virus and the host were observed during acute phase, but few data are available when related to immunity dynamics in convalescents. We conducted a longitudinal study, with 51 healthy donors and 62 COVID-19 convalescent patients, which these had a 2-month follow-up after symptoms recovery. Venous blood sample was obtained from all participants to measure blood count, subpopulations of monocytes, lymphocytes, natural killer cells and dendritic cells. Serum was used to measure cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, anti-N IgG and anti-S IgG/IgM antibodies. Statistic was performed by Kruskal-Wallis test, and linear regression with days post symptoms and antibody titers. All analysis had confidence interval of 95%. Less than 35% of convalescents were anti-S IgM+, while more than 80% were IgG+ in D30. Anti-N IgG decreased along time, with loss of seroreactivity of 13%. Eosinophil count played a distinct role on both antibodies during all study, and the convalescence was orchestrated by higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and IL-15, but initial stages were marked by increase in myeloid DCs, B1 lymphocytes, inflammatory and patrolling monocytes, G-CSF and IL-2. Later convalescence seemed to change to cytotoxicity mediated by T lymphocytes, plasmacytoid DCs, VEGF, IL-9 and CXCL10. Anti-S IgG antibodies showed the longest perseverance and may be a better option for diagnosis. The inflammatory pattern is yet present on initial stage of convalescence, but quickly shifts to a reparative dynamic. Meanwhile eosinophils seem to play a role on anti-N levels in convalescence, although may not be the major causative agent. We must highlight the importance of immunological markers on acute clinical outcomes, but their comprehension to potentialize adaptive system must be explored to improve immunizations and further preventive policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Leonardo Silva-Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Lucas Silva Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Stephanny Dias
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Thaina Cristina Cardoso Costa
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Lilyane Amorim Xabregas
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Silva Alves-Hanna
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Maria Moura Abrahim
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Walter Luiz Lima Neves
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Myuki Alfaia Esashika Crispim
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Diana Mota Toro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Pedro Vieira Silva-Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Monteiro Tarragô
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Rede Genômica em Saúde do Estado do Amazonas (REGESAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Nelson Abrahim Fraiji
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Helena Faccioli
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Artério Sorgi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Teixeira-Carvalho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ-Minas), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ-Minas), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Allyson Guimarães Costa
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, AM, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil.
- Rede Genômica em Saúde do Estado do Amazonas (REGESAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Malheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil.
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, AM, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil.
- Rede Genômica em Saúde do Estado do Amazonas (REGESAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bergman S, Tuller T. Codon usage and expression-based features significantly improve prediction of CRISPR efficiency. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2024; 10:100. [PMID: 39227603 PMCID: PMC11372048 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-024-00431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
CRISPR is a precise and effective genome editing technology; but despite several advancements during the last decade, our ability to computationally design gRNAs remains limited. Most predictive models have relatively low predictive power and utilize only the sequence of the target site as input. Here we suggest a new category of features, which incorporate the target site genomic position and the presence of genes close to it. We calculate four features based on gene expression and codon usage bias indices. We show, on CRISPR datasets taken from 3 different cell types, that such features perform comparably with 425 state-of-the-art predictive features, ranking in the top 2-12% of features. We trained new predictive models, showing that adding expression features to them significantly improves their r2 by up to 0.04 (relative increase of 39%), achieving average correlations of up to 0.38 on their validation sets; and that these features are deemed important by different feature importance metrics. We believe that incorporating the target site's position, in addition to its sequence, in features such as we have generated here will improve our ability to predict, design and understand CRISPR experiments going forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaked Bergman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamir Tuller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bouziana S, Bouzianas D. The Current Landscape of Secondary Malignancies after CAR T-Cell Therapies: How Could Malignancies Be Prevented? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9518. [PMID: 39273462 PMCID: PMC11395546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies have revolutionised the field of haematological malignancies by achieving impressive remission rates in patients with highly refractory haematological malignancies, improving overall survival. To date, six commercial anti-CD19 and anti-BCMA CAR T-cell products have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of relapsed/refractory B-cell haematological malignancies and multiple myeloma. The indications for CAR T-cell therapies are gradually expanding, with these therapies being investigated in a variety of diseases, including non-malignant ones. Despite the great success, there are several challenges surrounding CAR T-cell therapies, such as non-durable responses and high-grade toxicities. In addition, a new safety concern was added by the FDA on 28 November 2023 following reports of T-cell malignancies in patients previously treated with either anti-CD19 or anti-BCMA autologous CAR T-cell therapies both in clinical trials and in the real-world setting. Since then, several reports have been published presenting the incidence and analysing the risks of other secondary malignancies after CAR T-cell therapies. In this opinion article, the current landscape of secondary malignancies after CAR T-cell therapies is presented, along with a proposed strategy for future research aiming at potentially diminishing or abrogating the risk of developing secondary malignancies after CAR T-cell therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stella Bouziana
- Department of Hematology, King's College Hospital, London SE59RS, UK
| | - Dimitrios Bouzianas
- BReMeL, Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Medicine Laboratories, 55534 Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Heydarnia E, Sepasi A, Asefi N, Khakshournia S, Mohammadnejad J. The effects of metformin and PCL-sorafenib nanoparticle co-treatment on MCF-7 cell culture model of breast cancer. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:7213-7221. [PMID: 38656346 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03049-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Despite breakthrough therapeutics in breast cancer, it is one of the main causes of mortality among women worldwide. Thus, drug therapies for treating breast cancer have recently been developed by scientists. Metformin and sorafenib are well-known therapeutics in breast cancer. In the present study, we combined sorafenib and PCL-sorafenib with metformin to improve drug absorption and promote therapeutic efficiency. The MCF-7 cells were treated with metformin, sorafenib, or PCL-sorafenib. The growth inhibitory effect of these drugs and cell viability were assessed using MTT and flow cytometry assays, respectively. The expression of targeted genes involved in cell proliferation, signaling, and the cell cycle was measured by real-time PCR. The results showed that MCF-7 cells treated with metformin/sorafenib and PCL-sorafenib/metformin co-treatment contributed to 50% viability compared to the untreated group. Moreover, PI and Annexin V staining tests showed that the cell viability for metformin/sorafenib and PCL-sorafenib/metformin was 38% and 17%, respectively. Furthermore, sorafenib/metformin and PCL-sorafenib/metformin lead to p53 gene expression increase by which they can increase ROS, thereby decreasing GPX4 gene expression. In addition, they affected the expression of BCL2 and BAX genes and altered the cell cycle. Together, the combination of PCL-sorafenib/metformin and sorafenib/metformin increased sorafenib absorption at lower doses and also led to apoptosis and oxidative stress increases in MCF-7 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emad Heydarnia
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aref Sepasi
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nika Asefi
- Department of Genetics, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Khakshournia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Javad Mohammadnejad
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14395-1561, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Holtermann A, Gislon M, Angele M, Subklewe M, von Bergwelt-Baildon M, Lauber K, Kobold S. Prospects of Synergy: Local Interventions and CAR T Cell Therapy in Solid Tumors. BioDrugs 2024; 38:611-637. [PMID: 39080180 PMCID: PMC11358237 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-024-00669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy has been established in the treatment of various B cell malignancies. However, translating this therapeutic effect to treat solid tumors has been challenging because of their inter-tumoral as well as intratumoral heterogeneity and immunosuppressive microenvironment. Local interventions, such as surgery, radiotherapy, local ablation, and locoregional drug delivery, can enhance chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy in solid tumors by improving tumor infiltration and reducing systemic toxicities. Additionally, ablation and radiotherapy have proven to (re-)activate systemic immune responses via abscopal effects and reprogram the tumor microenvironment on a physical, cellular, and chemical level. This review highlights the potential synergy of the combined approaches to overcome barriers of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy and summarizes recent studies that may pave the way for new treatment regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Holtermann
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) of Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 2a, 80336, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, a partnership between the DKFZ Heidelberg and the University Hospital of the LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Mila Gislon
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) of Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 2a, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Angele
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Subklewe
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, a partnership between the DKFZ Heidelberg and the University Hospital of the LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, a partnership between the DKFZ Heidelberg and the University Hospital of the LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) of Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 2a, 80336, Munich, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, a partnership between the DKFZ Heidelberg and the University Hospital of the LMU, Munich, Germany.
- Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Inam S, Muhammad A, Irum S, Rehman N, Riaz A, Uzair M, Khan MR. Genome editing for improvement of biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in cereals. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP24092. [PMID: 39222468 DOI: 10.1071/fp24092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Global agricultural production must quadruple by 2050 to fulfil the needs of a growing global population, but climate change exacerbates the difficulty. Cereals are a very important source of food for the world population. Improved cultivars are needed, with better resistance to abiotic stresses like drought, salt, and increasing temperatures, and resilience to biotic stressors like bacterial and fungal infections, and pest infestation. A popular, versatile, and helpful method for functional genomics and crop improvement is genome editing. Rapidly developing genome editing techniques including clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) are very important. This review focuses on how CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing might enhance cereals' agronomic qualities in the face of climate change, providing important insights for future applications. Genome editing efforts should focus on improving characteristics that confer tolerance to conditions exacerbated by climate change (e.g. drought, salt, rising temperatures). Improved water usage efficiency, salt tolerance, and heat stress resilience are all desirable characteristics. Cultivars that are more resilient to insect infestations and a wide range of biotic stressors, such as bacterial and fungal diseases, should be created. Genome editing can precisely target genes linked to disease resistance pathways to strengthen cereals' natural defensive systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Safeena Inam
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Labs, National Institute for Genomics and Advance Biotechnology (NIGAB), NARC, Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
| | - Amna Muhammad
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Labs, National Institute for Genomics and Advance Biotechnology (NIGAB), NARC, Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
| | - Samra Irum
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Labs, National Institute for Genomics and Advance Biotechnology (NIGAB), NARC, Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
| | - Nazia Rehman
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Labs, National Institute for Genomics and Advance Biotechnology (NIGAB), NARC, Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Riaz
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Labs, National Institute for Genomics and Advance Biotechnology (NIGAB), NARC, Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Uzair
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Labs, National Institute for Genomics and Advance Biotechnology (NIGAB), NARC, Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ramzan Khan
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Labs, National Institute for Genomics and Advance Biotechnology (NIGAB), NARC, Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hosseini SA, Elahian F, Mirzaei SA. Innovative genetic scissor strategies and their applications in cancer treatment and prevention: CRISPR modules and challenges. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135239. [PMID: 39218175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
There are lots of gene editing tools for targeting genome sequences. Some are almost known, and most are a complete mystery and undiscovered. CRISPR/Cas editing tools have brought about a major revolution in medicine. Researchers have shown that CRISPR can modify DNA much more accurately, economically and easily than previous methods. CRISPR has proven itself effective for the deletion, replacement and insertion of DNA fragments into cell types, tissues and organisms. Recently, combining CRISPR/Cas with factors (transcription factors/repressors, exonucleases, endonucleases, transposons, caspase, fluorescent proteins, oxidoreductive enzymes, DNA/RNA polymerases), and elements (aptamers, barcodes, fluorescent probes, Trigger) have provided genome, transcriptome, proteome and epigenome modification. These modules are being investigated for cancer prevention and therapy and this review focuses on such innovative combinations that hopefully will become a clinical reality in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayedeh Azimeh Hosseini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Elahian
- Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Seyed Abbas Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Devaraji M. The role of neurogenomics in personalized neurosurgical interventions: a new frontier in precision medicine. Neurosurg Rev 2024; 47:488. [PMID: 39187734 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-024-02754-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahalakshmi Devaraji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, 602 105, India.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jang H, Yim SS. Toward DNA-Based Recording of Biological Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9233. [PMID: 39273181 PMCID: PMC11394691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Exploiting the inherent compatibility of DNA-based data storage with living cells, various cellular recording approaches have been developed for recording and retrieving biologically relevant signals in otherwise inaccessible locations, such as inside the body. This review provides an overview of the current state of engineered cellular memory systems, highlighting their design principles, advantages, and limitations. We examine various technologies, including CRISPR-Cas systems, recombinases, retrons, and DNA methylation, that enable these recording systems. Additionally, we discuss potential strategies for improving recording accuracy, scalability, and durability to address current limitations in the field. This emerging modality of biological measurement will be key to gaining novel insights into diverse biological processes and fostering the development of various biotechnological applications, from environmental sensing to disease monitoring and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeri Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Sun Yim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Engineering Biology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
WANG ZHENGYI, ZHOU LIANG, WU XIAOYING. Influencing factors and solution strategies of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T) cell immunotherapy. Oncol Res 2024; 32:1479-1516. [PMID: 39220130 PMCID: PMC11361912 DOI: 10.32604/or.2024.048564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cesll therapy (CAR-T) has achieved groundbreaking advancements in clinical application, ushering in a new era for innovative cancer treatment. However, the challenges associated with implementing this novel targeted cell therapy are increasingly significant. Particularly in the clinical management of solid tumors, obstacles such as the immunosuppressive effects of the tumor microenvironment, limited local tumor infiltration capability of CAR-T cells, heterogeneity of tumor targeting antigens, uncertainties surrounding CAR-T quality, control, and clinical adverse reactions have contributed to increased drug resistance and decreased compliance in tumor therapy. These factors have significantly impeded the widespread adoption and utilization of this therapeutic approach. In this paper, we comprehensively analyze recent preclinical and clinical reports on CAR-T therapy while summarizing crucial factors influencing its efficacy. Furthermore, we aim to identify existing solution strategies and explore their current research status. Through this review article, our objective is to broaden perspectives for further exploration into CAR-T therapy strategies and their clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ZHENGYI WANG
- Department of Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - LIANG ZHOU
- Department of Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - XIAOYING WU
- Ministry of Education and Training, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Solanki D, Murjani K, Singh V. CRISPR-Cas based genome editing for eradication of human viruses. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 208:43-58. [PMID: 39266187 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas system possess a broad range of applications for genetic modification, diagnosis and treatment of infectious as well as non-infectious disease. The CRISPR-Cas system is found in bacteria and archaea that possess the Cas protein and guide RNA (gRNA). Cas9 and gRNA forms a complex to target and cleave the desired gene, providing defense against viral infections. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), herpesviruses, human papillomavirus (HPV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) cause major life threatening diseases which cannot cure completely by drugs. This chapter describes the present strategy of CRISPR-Cas systems for altering the genomes of viruses, mostly human ones, in order to control infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dharmisha Solanki
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Karan Murjani
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Murjani K, Tripathi R, Singh V. An overview and potential of CRISPR-Cas systems for genome editing. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 208:1-17. [PMID: 39266179 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Genome editing involves altering of the DNA in organisms including bacteria, plants, and animals using molecular scissors that helps in treatment and diagnosis of various diseases. Genome editing technology is exponentially growing and have been developed for enabling precise genomic alterations and the addition, removal, and correction of genes. These modifications begin with the creation of double-stranded breaks (DSBs) that is generated by nucleases and can be joined through homology-directed repair (HDR) or non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). NHEJ is quick but increases mutation chances due to deletions and insertions of nucleotides at the break site, while HDR uses homologous templates for precise repair and targeted DNA specific to the gene or sequence. Other methods such as zinc-finger protein is a transcription factor that binds with DNA and binds specific to that sequence, which uniquely recognise 3-base pairs of DNA. TALENs consists of two domains: TALE domain, a transcription activator and FokI that is a restriction endonuclease that cuts the DNA at specific sites. CRISPR-Cas systems are clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats present in various bacterial species. These sequences activate RNA-guided DNA cleavage, aiding in the development of an adaptive immune defence against foreign DNA. CRISPR-Cas9 is widely used for genome editing, regulation, diagnostic and many.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karan Murjani
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Renu Tripathi
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kamali C, Brunnbauer P, Kamali K, Saqr AHA, Arnold A, Harman Kamali G, Babigian J, Keshi E, Mohr R, Felsenstein M, Moosburner S, Hillebrandt KH, Bartels J, Sauer IM, Tacke F, Schmelzle M, Pratschke J, Krenzien F. Extracellular NAD + response to post-hepatectomy liver failure: bridging preclinical and clinical findings. Commun Biol 2024; 7:991. [PMID: 39143151 PMCID: PMC11324947 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06661-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis progressing to cirrhosis is a major risk factor for liver cancer, impacting surgical treatment and survival. Our study focuses on the role of extracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (eNAD+) in liver fibrosis, analyzing liver disease patients undergoing surgery. Additionally, we explore NAD+'s therapeutic potential in a mouse model of extended liver resection and in vitro using 3D hepatocyte spheroids. eNAD+ correlated with aspartate transaminase (AST) and bilirubin after liver resection (AST: r = 0.2828, p = 0.0087; Bilirubin: r = 0.2584, p = 0.0176). Concordantly, post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) was associated with higher eNAD+ peaks (n = 10; p = 0.0063). Post-operative eNAD+ levels decreased significantly (p < 0.05), but in advanced stages of liver fibrosis or cirrhosis, this decline not only diminished but actually showed a trend towards an increase. The expression of NAD+ biosynthesis rate-limiting enzymes, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 3 (NMNAT3), were upregulated significantly in the liver tissue of patients with higher liver fibrosis stages (p < 0.0001). Finally, the administration of NAD+ in a 3D hepatocyte spheroid model rescued hepatocytes from TNFalpha-induced cell death and improved viability (p < 0.0001). In a mouse model of extended liver resection, NAD+ treatment significantly improved survival (p = 0.0158) and liver regeneration (p = 0.0186). Our findings reveal that eNAD+ was upregulated in PHLF, and rate-limiting enzymes of NAD+ biosynthesis demonstrated higher expressions under liver fibrosis. Further, eNAD+ administration improved survival after extended liver resection in mice and enhanced hepatocyte viability in vitro. These insights may offer a potential target for future therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Can Kamali
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery - Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Brunnbauer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery - Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kaan Kamali
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery - Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Al-Hussein Ahmed Saqr
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery - Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Arnold
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gulcin Harman Kamali
- University of Health Sciences, Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşçıoğlu City Hospital, Department of Pathology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Julia Babigian
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery - Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eriselda Keshi
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery - Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Academy, Clinician Scientist Program, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raphael Mohr
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology - Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthäus Felsenstein
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery - Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Academy, Clinician Scientist Program, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Moosburner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery - Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Academy, Clinician Scientist Program, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl-Herbert Hillebrandt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery - Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Academy, Clinician Scientist Program, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jasmin Bartels
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery - Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Igor Maximilian Sauer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery - Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology - Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Moritz Schmelzle
- Hannover Medical School, Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Johann Pratschke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery - Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Krenzien
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery - Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Luo Y. Toward Fully Automated Personalized Orthopedic Treatments: Innovations and Interdisciplinary Gaps. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:817. [PMID: 39199775 PMCID: PMC11351140 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11080817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Personalized orthopedic devices are increasingly favored for their potential to enhance long-term treatment success. Despite significant advancements across various disciplines, the seamless integration and full automation of personalized orthopedic treatments remain elusive. This paper identifies key interdisciplinary gaps in integrating and automating advanced technologies for personalized orthopedic treatment. It begins by outlining the standard clinical practices in orthopedic treatments and the extent of personalization achievable. The paper then explores recent innovations in artificial intelligence, biomaterials, genomic and proteomic analyses, lab-on-a-chip, medical imaging, image-based biomechanical finite element modeling, biomimicry, 3D printing and bioprinting, and implantable sensors, emphasizing their contributions to personalized treatments. Tentative strategies or solutions are proposed to address the interdisciplinary gaps by utilizing innovative technologies. The key findings highlight the need for the non-invasive quantitative assessment of bone quality, patient-specific biocompatibility, and device designs that address individual biological and mechanical conditions. This comprehensive review underscores the transformative potential of these technologies and the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration to integrate and automate them into a cohesive, intelligent system for personalized orthopedic treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
- Biomedical Engineering (Graduate Program), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gupta J, Sharma G. Nanogel: A versatile drug delivery system for the treatment of various diseases and their future perspective. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01684-w. [PMID: 39103593 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01684-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Nanogel (NG) drug delivery systems have emerged as promising tools for targeted and controlled drug release, revolutionizing treatment approaches across various diseases. Their unique physicochemical properties, such as nano size, high surface area, biocompatibility, stability, and tunable drug release, make them ideal carriers for a wide range of therapeutic agents. Nanogels (NGs), characterized by their 3D network of crosslinked polymers, offer unique edges like high drug loading capacity, controlled release, and targeted delivery. Additionally, the diverse applications of NGs in medical therapeutics highlight their versatility and potential impact on improving patient outcomes. Their application spans cancer treatment, infectious diseases, and chronic conditions, allowing for precise drug delivery to specific tissues or cells, minimizing side effects, and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. Despite their potential, challenges such as scalability, manufacturing reproducibility, and regulatory hurdles must be addressed. Achieving clinical translation requires overcoming these obstacles to ensure therapeutic payloads' safe and efficient delivery. Strategies such as surface modification and incorporating stimuli-responsive elements enhanced NG performance and addressed specific therapeutic challenges. Advances in nanotechnology, biomaterials, and targeted drug design offer opportunities to improve the performance of NGs and address current limitations. Tailoring NGs for exploring combination therapies and integrating diagnostics for real-time monitoring represent promising avenues for future research. In conclusion, NG drug delivery systems have demonstrated tremendous potential in diverse disease applications. Overcoming challenges and leveraging emerging technologies will pave the way for their widespread clinical implementation, ushering in a new era of precision medicine and improved patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Gaurang Sharma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Protić S, Crnoglavac Popović M, Kaličanin N, Prodanović O, Senćanski M, Milićević J, Stevanović K, Perović V, Paessler S, Prodanović R, Glišić S. SARS-CoV-2 PL pro Inhibition: Evaluating in Silico Repurposed Fidaxomicin's Antiviral Activity Through In Vitro Assessment. ChemistryOpen 2024:e202400091. [PMID: 39099532 DOI: 10.1002/open.202400091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant viruses and novel strains necessitates the rapid development of novel antiviral therapies. This need was particularly demanding during the COVID-19 pandemic. While de novo drug development is a time-consuming process, repurposing existing approved medications offers a more expedient approach. In our prior in silico screening of the DrugBank database, fidaxomicin emerged as a potential SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease inhibitor. This study extends those findings by investigating fidaxomicin's antiviral properties in vitro. Our results support further exploration of fidaxomicin as a therapeutic candidate against SARS-CoV-2, given its promising in vitro antiviral activity and favorable safety profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Protić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Nevena Kaličanin
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Prodanović
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Senćanski
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, Belgrade, Serbia
- Laboratory for Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milićević
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kristina Stevanović
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Perović
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Paessler
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States
| | - Radivoje Prodanović
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Glišić
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Alradwan I, AL Fayez N, Alomary MN, Alshehri AA, Aodah AH, Almughem FA, Alsulami KA, Aldossary AM, Alawad AO, Tawfik YMK, Tawfik EA. Emerging Trends and Innovations in the Treatment and Diagnosis of Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease: A Comprehensive Review towards Healthier Aging. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:1037. [PMID: 39204382 PMCID: PMC11360443 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16081037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are classed as diseases of aging, which are associated with an increased prevalence of atherosclerotic lesion formation caused by such diseases and is considered as one of the leading causes of death globally, representing a severe health crisis affecting the heart and blood vessels. Atherosclerosis is described as a chronic condition that can lead to myocardial infarction, ischemic cardiomyopathy, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease and to date, most pharmacological therapies mainly aim to control risk factors in patients with cardiovascular disease. Advances in transformative therapies and imaging diagnostics agents could shape the clinical applications of such approaches, including nanomedicine, biomaterials, immunotherapy, cell therapy, and gene therapy, which are emerging and likely to significantly impact CVD management in the coming decade. This review summarizes the current anti-atherosclerotic therapies' major milestones, strengths, and limitations. It provides an overview of the recent discoveries and emerging technologies in nanomedicine, cell therapy, and gene and immune therapeutics that can revolutionize CVD clinical practice by steering it toward precision medicine. CVD-related clinical trials and promising pre-clinical strategies that would significantly impact patients with CVD are discussed. Here, we review these recent advances, highlighting key clinical opportunities in the rapidly emerging field of CVD medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Alradwan
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.); (N.A.F.); (M.N.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.H.A.); (F.A.A.); (K.A.A.)
| | - Nojoud AL Fayez
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.); (N.A.F.); (M.N.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.H.A.); (F.A.A.); (K.A.A.)
| | - Mohammad N. Alomary
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.); (N.A.F.); (M.N.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.H.A.); (F.A.A.); (K.A.A.)
| | - Abdullah A. Alshehri
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.); (N.A.F.); (M.N.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.H.A.); (F.A.A.); (K.A.A.)
| | - Alhassan H. Aodah
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.); (N.A.F.); (M.N.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.H.A.); (F.A.A.); (K.A.A.)
| | - Fahad A. Almughem
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.); (N.A.F.); (M.N.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.H.A.); (F.A.A.); (K.A.A.)
| | - Khulud A. Alsulami
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.); (N.A.F.); (M.N.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.H.A.); (F.A.A.); (K.A.A.)
| | - Ahmad M. Aldossary
- Wellness and Preventative Medicine Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah O. Alawad
- Healthy Aging Research Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yahya M. K. Tawfik
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Essam A. Tawfik
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.); (N.A.F.); (M.N.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.H.A.); (F.A.A.); (K.A.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ji P, Li Y, Wang Z, Jia S, Jiang X, Chen H, Wang Q. Advances in precision gene editing for liver fibrosis: From technology to therapeutic applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117003. [PMID: 38908207 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive exploration of gene editing technologies and their potential applications in the treatment of liver fibrosis, a condition often leading to serious complications such as liver cancer. Through an in-depth review of current literature and critical analysis, the study delves into the intricate signaling pathways underlying liver fibrosis development and examines the promising role of gene editing in alleviating this disease burden. Gene editing technologies offer precise, efficient, and reproducible tools for manipulating genetic material, holding significant promise for basic research and clinical practice. The manuscript highlights the challenges and potential risks associated with gene editing technology. By synthesizing existing knowledge and exploring future perspectives, this study aims to provide valuable insights into the potential of precision gene editing to combat liver fibrosis and its associated complications, ultimately contributing to advances in liver fibrosis research and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ji
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, PR China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of International Medicine, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, PR China
| | - Zihan Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, PR China
| | - Siyu Jia
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, PR China
| | - Xinyi Jiang
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, PR China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, PR China
| | - Qun Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pandey H, Yadav B, Shah K, Kaur R, Choudhary D, Sharma N, Rishi V. A new method for the robust expression and single-step purification of dCas9 for CRISPR interference/activation (CRISPRi/a) applications. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 220:106500. [PMID: 38718989 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-CRISPR associated enzyme 9) is known for its simplicity, versatility, and scalability in genome editing applications. In vitro Cas9, when complexed with sgRNA, binds and cleaves the complementary target sequences with almost perfect precision. The enzyme is exploited for various applications in understanding and changing gene function. dCas9 (deactivated or dead Cas9) is a double mutated version of Cas9 that bears mutations in the nuclease domains of the enzyme and thus cannot cleave the target DNA. dCas9 is equally advantageous since it can alter gene expression using various transcriptional activators CRISPRa and repressors CRISPRi. Additionally, dCas9 can bind to the desired target gene without cleaving it, making it a unique reagent to study the kinetics and stability of RNA-protein-DNA interactions required to design more efficient and specific gene-editing nucleases. An appreciable quantity of pure and homogeneous protein is needed to characterise dCas9 for its structural and functional understanding. This study used an N-terminal acidic tag to express the dCas9 in an E. coli-bacterial host. A simple single-step protocol for robust and efficient production of dCas9 has been described. The study and methods are distinctive as the purification is performed in a single step using inexpensive multi-modal hydroxyapatite chromatography. The purified protein can be used in different in vitro and in vivo studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Pandey
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India; Regional Center for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, 160014, India
| | - Binduma Yadav
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India; Regional Center for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, 160014, India
| | - Koushik Shah
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Raminder Kaur
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Diksha Choudhary
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India; Regional Center for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, 160014, India
| | - Nishtha Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Vikas Rishi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Feng Q, Li Q, Zhou H, Wang Z, Lin C, Jiang Z, Liu T, Wang D. CRISPR technology in human diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e672. [PMID: 39081515 PMCID: PMC11286548 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene editing is a growing gene engineering technique that allows accurate editing of a broad spectrum of gene-regulated diseases to achieve curative treatment and also has the potential to be used as an adjunct to the conventional treatment of diseases. Gene editing technology, mainly based on clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein systems, which is capable of generating genetic modifications in somatic cells, provides a promising new strategy for gene therapy for a wide range of human diseases. Currently, gene editing technology shows great application prospects in a variety of human diseases, not only in therapeutic potential but also in the construction of animal models of human diseases. This paper describes the application of gene editing technology in hematological diseases, solid tumors, immune disorders, ophthalmological diseases, and metabolic diseases; focuses on the therapeutic strategies of gene editing technology in sickle cell disease; provides an overview of the role of gene editing technology in the construction of animal models of human diseases; and discusses the limitations of gene editing technology in the treatment of diseases, which is intended to provide an important reference for the applications of gene editing technology in the human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Feng
- Laboratory Animal CenterCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Research and Development CentreBaicheng Medical CollegeBaichengChina
| | - Qirong Li
- Laboratory Animal CenterCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Hengzong Zhou
- Laboratory Animal CenterCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Zhan Wang
- Laboratory Animal CenterCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Chao Lin
- School of Grain Science and TechnologyJilin Business and Technology CollegeChangchunChina
| | - Ziping Jiang
- Department of Hand and Foot SurgeryThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Tianjia Liu
- Research and Development CentreBaicheng Medical CollegeBaichengChina
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Laboratory Animal CenterCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Department of Hand and Foot SurgeryThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Artimovič P, Špaková I, Macejková E, Pribulová T, Rabajdová M, Mareková M, Zavacká M. The ability of microRNAs to regulate the immune response in ischemia/reperfusion inflammatory pathways. Genes Immun 2024; 25:277-296. [PMID: 38909168 PMCID: PMC11327111 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-024-00283-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs play a crucial role in regulating the immune responses induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury. Through their ability to modulate gene expression, microRNAs adjust immune responses by targeting specific genes and signaling pathways. This review focuses on the impact of microRNAs on the inflammatory pathways triggered during ischemia/reperfusion injury and highlights their ability to modulate inflammation, playing a critical role in the pathophysiology of ischemia/reperfusion injury. Dysregulated expression of microRNAs contributes to the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion injury, therefore targeting specific microRNAs offers an opportunity to restore immune homeostasis and improve patient outcomes. Understanding the complex network of immunoregulatory microRNAs could provide novel therapeutic interventions aimed at attenuating excessive inflammation and preserving tissue integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Artimovič
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Medicine, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Špaková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Medicine, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ema Macejková
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Medicine, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Timea Pribulová
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Medicine, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Rabajdová
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Medicine, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Mária Mareková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Medicine, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martina Zavacká
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Medicine, Košice, Slovakia.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bui TA, Mei H, Sang R, Ortega DG, Deng W. Advancements and challenges in developing in vivo CAR T cell therapies for cancer treatment. EBioMedicine 2024; 106:105266. [PMID: 39094262 PMCID: PMC11345408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has emerged as a ground-breaking immunotherapeutic approach in cancer treatment. To overcome the complexity and high manufacturing cost associated with current ex vivo CAR T cell therapy products, alternative strategies to produce CAR T cells directly in the body have been developed in recent years. These strategies involve the direct infusion of CAR genes via engineered nanocarriers or viral vectors to generate CAR T cells in situ. This review offers a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the development of T cell-targeted CAR generation in situ. Additionally, it identifies the challenges associated with in vivo CAR T method and potential strategies to overcome these issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Anh Bui
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Whitlam Orthopaedic Research Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Haoqi Mei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Rui Sang
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - David Gallego Ortega
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Wei Deng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Soroudi S, Jaafari MR, Arabi L. Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) mediated mRNA delivery in cardiovascular diseases: Advances in genome editing and CAR T cell therapy. J Control Release 2024; 372:113-140. [PMID: 38876358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of global mortality among non-communicable diseases. Current cardiac regeneration treatments have limitations and may lead to adverse reactions. Hence, innovative technologies are needed to address these shortcomings. Messenger RNA (mRNA) emerges as a promising therapeutic agent due to its versatility in encoding therapeutic proteins and targeting "undruggable" conditions. It offers low toxicity, high transfection efficiency, and controlled protein production without genome insertion or mutagenesis risk. However, mRNA faces challenges such as immunogenicity, instability, and difficulty in cellular entry and endosomal escape, hindering its clinical application. To overcome these hurdles, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), notably used in COVID-19 vaccines, have a great potential to deliver mRNA therapeutics for CVDs. This review highlights recent progress in mRNA-LNP therapies for CVDs, including Myocardial Infarction (MI), Heart Failure (HF), and hypercholesterolemia. In addition, LNP-mediated mRNA delivery for CAR T-cell therapy and CRISPR/Cas genome editing in CVDs and the related clinical trials are explored. To enhance the efficiency, safety, and clinical translation of mRNA-LNPs, advanced technologies like artificial intelligence (AGILE platform) in RNA structure design, and optimization of LNP formulation could be integrated. We conclude that the strategies to facilitate the extra-hepatic delivery and targeted organ tropism of mRNA-LNPs (SORT, ASSET, SMRT, and barcoded LNPs) hold great prospects to accelerate the development and translation of mRNA-LNPs in CVD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Soroudi
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Arabi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cousins HC, Nayar G, Altman RB. Computational Approaches to Drug Repurposing: Methods, Challenges, and Opportunities. Annu Rev Biomed Data Sci 2024; 7:15-29. [PMID: 38598857 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biodatasci-110123-025333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Drug repurposing refers to the inference of therapeutic relationships between a clinical indication and existing compounds. As an emerging paradigm in drug development, drug repurposing enables more efficient treatment of rare diseases, stratified patient populations, and urgent threats to public health. However, prioritizing well-suited drug candidates from among a nearly infinite number of repurposing options continues to represent a significant challenge in drug development. Over the past decade, advances in genomic profiling, database curation, and machine learning techniques have enabled more accurate identification of drug repurposing candidates for subsequent clinical evaluation. This review outlines the major methodologic classes that these approaches comprise, which rely on (a) protein structure, (b) genomic signatures, (c) biological networks, and (d) real-world clinical data. We propose that realizing the full impact of drug repurposing methodologies requires a multidisciplinary understanding of each method's advantages and limitations with respect to clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry C Cousins
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA;
| | - Gowri Nayar
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA;
| | - Russ B Altman
- Departments of Genetics, Medicine, and Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bahal M, Pande V, Dua J, Mane S. Advances in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Management in Children. Cureus 2024; 16:e67377. [PMID: 39310514 PMCID: PMC11416143 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.67377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in the management of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have significantly improved outcomes and quality of life for patients, particularly children. Technological innovations, such as continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems and insulin pump therapy, including hybrid closed-loop systems, have enhanced glycemic control by providing real-time data and automated insulin delivery. Ultrarapid-acting insulins and adjunctive pharmacotherapies, like sodium-glucose transport protein 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, offer improved postprandial glucose management and reduced insulin requirements. Immunotherapy and beta-cell replacement therapies, including stem cell research and encapsulation devices, aim to preserve or restore endogenous insulin production. Digital health platforms and telemedicine have expanded access to education and support, fostering better self-management. Future directions in precision medicine, artificial intelligence, and microbiome research hold promise for personalized and potentially curative treatments. Collectively, these advances are transforming T1DM management, reducing disease burden, and enhancing the prospects for children with T1DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mridu Bahal
- Pediatrics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, IND
| | - Vineeta Pande
- Pediatrics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, IND
| | - Jasleen Dua
- Pediatrics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, IND
| | - Shailaja Mane
- Pediatrics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, IND
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chidambaram V, Kumar A, Sadaf MI, Lu E, Al’Aref SJ, Tarun T, Galiatsatos P, Gulati M, Blumenthal RS, Leucker TM, Karakousis PC, Mehta JL. COVID-19 in the Initiation and Progression of Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiology During and Beyond the Acute Phase. JACC. ADVANCES 2024; 3:101107. [PMID: 39113913 PMCID: PMC11304887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.101107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is increasing globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries, despite significant efforts to reduce traditional risk factors. Premature subclinical atherosclerosis has been documented in association with several viral infections. The magnitude of the recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to understand the association between SARS-CoV-2 and atherosclerosis. This review examines various pathophysiological mechanisms, including endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation, and inflammatory and immune hyperactivation triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection, with specific attention on their roles in initiating and promoting the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Additionally, it addresses the various pathogenic mechanisms by which COVID-19 in the post-acute phase may contribute to the development of vascular disease. Understanding the overlap of these syndromes may enable novel therapeutic strategies. We further explore the need for guidelines for closer follow-up for the often-overlooked evidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among patients with recent COVID-19, particularly those with cardiometabolic risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Chidambaram
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Amudha Kumar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Murrium I. Sadaf
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Emily Lu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Subhi J. Al’Aref
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Tushar Tarun
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Panagis Galiatsatos
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Martha Gulati
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Roger S. Blumenthal
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thorsten M. Leucker
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Petros C. Karakousis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jawahar L. Mehta
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Irfan M, Majeed H, Iftikhar T, Ravi PK. A review on molecular scissoring with CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae105. [PMID: 39006883 PMCID: PMC11240166 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Genome editing is a technology to make specific changes in the DNA of a cell or an organism. It has significantly altered the landscape of life sciences, facilitating the establishment of exceedingly customized genetic modifications. Among various genome editing technologies, the CRISPR/Cas9 system, a specific endonuclease induces a double stranded DNA break and enabling modifications to the genome, has surfaced as a formidable and adaptable instrument. Its significance cannot be overstated, as it not only allows for the manipulation of genomes in model organisms but also holds great potential for revolutionary advances in medicine, particularly in treating genetic diseases. This review paper explores the remarkable journey of CRISPR/Cas9, its natural function, mechanisms, and transformative impact on genome editing and finally the use of artificial intelligence and other intelligent manufacturing tools used. The introduction provides the background on genome editing, emphasizing the emergence and significance of CRISPR/Cas9. Subsequent sections comprehensively elucidate its natural function, disease modeling, agriculture, and biotechnology, address therapeutic applications, and ongoing clinical trials while also discussing prospects and ethical implications. We summarized the key findings, indicating that CRISPR/Cas9 has empowered the creation of disease-specific animal models. This provides invaluable insights into pathogenic mechanisms and opens new avenues for drug discovery, reaffirming the transformative impact of CRISPR/Cas9 on genome editing. Finally we discussed the importance of continued research and collaboration for comprehensive utilization of the inherent capabilities of this molecular precision tool in shaping forthcoming advancements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muskan Irfan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, Sialkot Campus, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Majeed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, Sialkot Campus, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Tehreema Iftikhar
- Applied Botany Lab, Department of Botany, Government College University, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Pritam Kumar Ravi
- Computer Applications Department, Ganesh Lal Agarwal College, Nilamber-Pitamber University, Jharkhand, 822101, India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Leandro K, Rufino-Ramos D, Breyne K, Di Ianni E, Lopes SM, Jorge Nobre R, Kleinstiver BP, Perdigão PRL, Breakefield XO, Pereira de Almeida L. Exploring the potential of cell-derived vesicles for transient delivery of gene editing payloads. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 211:115346. [PMID: 38849005 PMCID: PMC11366383 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Gene editing technologies have the potential to correct genetic disorders by modifying, inserting, or deleting specific DNA sequences or genes, paving the way for a new class of genetic therapies. While gene editing tools continue to be improved to increase their precision and efficiency, the limited efficacy of in vivo delivery remains a major hurdle for clinical use. An ideal delivery vehicle should be able to target a sufficient number of diseased cells in a transient time window to maximize on-target editing and mitigate off-target events and immunogenicity. Here, we review major advances in novel delivery platforms based on cell-derived vesicles - extracellular vesicles and virus-like particles - for transient delivery of gene editing payloads. We discuss major findings regarding packaging, in vivo biodistribution, therapeutic efficacy, and safety concerns of cell-derived vesicles delivery of gene editing cargos and their potential for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Leandro
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; GeneT - Gene Therapy Center of Excellence Portugal, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - David Rufino-Ramos
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; GeneT - Gene Therapy Center of Excellence Portugal, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Koen Breyne
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology and Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Emilio Di Ianni
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology and Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Sara M Lopes
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; GeneT - Gene Therapy Center of Excellence Portugal, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; IIIUC - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Jorge Nobre
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; GeneT - Gene Therapy Center of Excellence Portugal, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; IIIUC - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal; ViraVector - Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal
| | - Benjamin P Kleinstiver
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Pedro R L Perdigão
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; GeneT - Gene Therapy Center of Excellence Portugal, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; IIIUC - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Xandra O Breakefield
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology and Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; GeneT - Gene Therapy Center of Excellence Portugal, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; ViraVector - Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zou J, Peng B, Fan N, Liu Y. Simulation and experimental study on the influence of lamina on nanoneedle penetration into the cell nucleus. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024; 23:1241-1262. [PMID: 38526703 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-024-01836-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
We have developed a finite element model to simulate the penetration of nanoneedles into the cellular nucleus. It is found that the nuclear lamina, the primary supporting structure of the nuclear membrane, plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the nuclear envelope and enhancing stress concentration in the nuclear membrane. Notably, nuclear lamina A exhibits a more pronounced effect compared to nuclear lamina B. Subsequently, we further conducted experiments by controlling the time of osteopontin (OPN) treatment to modify the nuclear lamina density, and the results showed that an increase in nuclear lamina density enhances the probability of nanoneedle penetration into the nuclear membrane. Through employing both simulation and experimental techniques, we have gathered compelling evidence indicating that an augmented density of nuclear lamina A can enhance the penetration of nanoneedles into the nuclear membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zou
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Bei Peng
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Na Fan
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Patiyal S, Tiwari P, Ghai M, Dhapola A, Dhall A, Raghava GPS. A hybrid approach for predicting transcription factors. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2024; 4:1425419. [PMID: 39119181 PMCID: PMC11306938 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2024.1425419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors are essential DNA-binding proteins that regulate the transcription rate of several genes and control the expression of genes inside a cell. The prediction of transcription factors with high precision is important for understanding biological processes such as cell differentiation, intracellular signaling, and cell-cycle control. In this study, we developed a hybrid method that combines alignment-based and alignment-free methods for predicting transcription factors with higher accuracy. All models have been trained, tested, and evaluated on a large dataset that contains 19,406 transcription factors and 523,560 non-transcription factor protein sequences. To avoid biases in evaluation, the datasets were divided into training and validation/independent datasets, where 80% of the data was used for training, and the remaining 20% was used for external validation. In the case of alignment-free methods, models were developed using machine learning techniques and the composition-based features of a protein. Our best alignment-free model obtained an AUC of 0.97 on an independent dataset. In the case of the alignment-based method, we used BLAST at different cut-offs to predict the transcription factors. Although the alignment-based method demonstrated excellent performance, it was unable to cover all transcription factors due to instances of no hits. To combine the strengths of both methods, we developed a hybrid method that combines alignment-free and alignment-based methods. In the hybrid method, we added the scores of the alignment-free and alignment-based methods and achieved a maximum AUC of 0.99 on the independent dataset. The method proposed in this study performs better than existing methods. We incorporated the best models in the webserver/Python Package Index/standalone package of "TransFacPred" (https://webs.iiitd.edu.in/raghava/transfacpred).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gajendra P. S. Raghava
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Malik S, Sureka N, Ahuja S, Aden D, Zaheer S, Zaheer S. Tumor-associated macrophages: A sentinel of innate immune system in tumor microenvironment gone haywire. Cell Biol Int 2024. [PMID: 39054741 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a critical determinant in the initiation, progression, and treatment outcomes of various cancers. Comprising of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), immune cells, blood vessels, and signaling molecules, the TME is often likened to the soil supporting the seed (tumor). Among its constituents, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a pivotal role, exhibiting a dual nature as both promoters and inhibitors of tumor growth. This review explores the intricate relationship between TAMs and the TME, emphasizing their diverse functions, from phagocytosis and tissue repair to modulating immune responses. The plasticity of TAMs is highlighted, showcasing their ability to adopt either protumorigenic or anti-tumorigenic phenotypes based on environmental cues. In the context of cancer, TAMs' pro-tumorigenic activities include promoting angiogenesis, inhibiting immune responses, and fostering metastasis. The manuscript delves into therapeutic strategies targeting TAMs, emphasizing the challenges faced in depleting or inhibiting TAMs due to their multifaceted roles. The focus shifts towards reprogramming TAMs to an anti-tumorigenic M1-like phenotype, exploring interventions such as interferons, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and small molecule modulators. Noteworthy advancements include the use of CSF1R inhibitors, CD40 agonists, and CD47 blockade, demonstrating promising results in preclinical and clinical settings. A significant section is dedicated to Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) technology in macrophages (CAR-M cells). While CAR-T cells have shown success in hematological malignancies, their efficacy in solid tumors has been limited. CAR-M cells, engineered to infiltrate solid tumors, are presented as a potential breakthrough, with a focus on their development, challenges, and promising outcomes. The manuscript concludes with the exploration of third-generation CAR-M technology, offering insight into in-vivo reprogramming and nonviral vector approaches. In conclusion, understanding the complex and dynamic role of TAMs in cancer is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies. While early-stage TAM-targeted therapies show promise, further extensive research and larger clinical trials are warranted to optimize their targeting and improve overall cancer treatment outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaivy Malik
- Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Niti Sureka
- Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sana Ahuja
- Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Durre Aden
- Department of Pathology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Science and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Samreen Zaheer
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, India
| | - Sufian Zaheer
- Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Rahimi Darehbagh R, Seyedoshohadaei SA, Ramezani R, Rezaei N. Stem cell therapies for neurological disorders: current progress, challenges, and future perspectives. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:386. [PMID: 39054501 PMCID: PMC11270957 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01987-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies have emerged as a promising approach for treating various neurological disorders by harnessing the regenerative potential of stem cells to restore damaged neural tissue and circuitry. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth analysis of the current state of stem cell applications in primary neurological conditions, including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), stroke, spinal cord injury (SCI), and other related disorders. The review begins with a detailed introduction to stem cell biology, discussing the types, sources, and mechanisms of action of stem cells in neurological therapies. It then critically examines the preclinical evidence from animal models and early human trials investigating the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of different stem cell types, such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). While ESCs have been studied extensively in preclinical models, clinical trials have primarily focused on adult stem cells such as MSCs and NSCs, as well as iPSCs and their derivatives. We critically assess the current state of research for each cell type, highlighting their potential applications and limitations in different neurological conditions. The review synthesizes key findings from recent, high-quality studies for each neurological condition, discussing cell manufacturing, delivery methods, and therapeutic outcomes. While the potential of stem cells to replace lost neurons and directly reconstruct neural circuits is highlighted, the review emphasizes the critical role of paracrine and immunomodulatory mechanisms in mediating the therapeutic effects of stem cells in most neurological disorders. The article also explores the challenges and limitations associated with translating stem cell therapies into clinical practice, including issues related to cell sourcing, scalability, safety, and regulatory considerations. Furthermore, it discusses future directions and opportunities for advancing stem cell-based treatments, such as gene editing, biomaterials, personalized iPSC-derived therapies, and novel delivery strategies. The review concludes by emphasizing the transformative potential of stem cell therapies in revolutionizing the treatment of neurological disorders while acknowledging the need for rigorous clinical trials, standardized protocols, and multidisciplinary collaboration to realize their full therapeutic promise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramyar Rahimi Darehbagh
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Nanoclub Elites Association, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | | | - Rojin Ramezani
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14194, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Agwa MM, Marzouk RE, Sabra SA. Advances in active targeting of ligand-directed polymeric nanomicelles via exploiting overexpressed cellular receptors for precise nanomedicine. RSC Adv 2024; 14:23520-23542. [PMID: 39071479 PMCID: PMC11273262 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04069d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Many of the utilized drugs which already exist in the pharmaceutical sector are hydrophobic in nature. These drugs are characterized by being poorly absorbed and difficult to formulate in aqueous environments with low bioavailability, which could result in consuming high and frequent doses in order to fulfil the required therapeutic effect. As a result, there is a decisive demand to find modern alternatives to overcome all these drawbacks. Self-assembling polymeric nanomicelles (PMs) with their unique structure appear to be a fascinating choice as a pharmaceutical carrier system for improving the solubility & bioavailability of many drugs. PMs as drug carriers have many advantages including suitable size, high stability, prolonged circulation time, elevated cargo capacity and controlled therapeutic release. Otherwise, the pathological features of some diseased cells, like cancer, allow PMs with particle size <200 nm to be passively uptaken via enhanced permeability and retention phenomenon (EPR). However, the passive targeting approach was proven to be insufficient in many cases. Consequently, the therapeutic efficiency of these PMs can be further reinforced by enhancing their cellular internalization via incorporating targeting ligands. These targeting ligands can enhance the assemblage of loaded cargos in the intended tissues via receptor-mediated endocytosis through exploiting receptors robustly expressed on the exterior of the intended tissue while minimizing their toxic effects. In this review, the up-to-date approaches of harnessing active targeting ligands to exploit certain overexpressed receptors will be summarized concerning the functionalization of the exterior of PMs for ameliorating their targeting potential in the scope of nanomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Agwa
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre 33 El-Behooth St, Dokki Giza 12622 Egypt +202 33370931 +202 33371635
| | - Rehab Elsayed Marzouk
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University Helwan Cairo Egypt
| | - Sally A Sabra
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University Alexandria 21526 Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Santero M, Meade AG, Selva A, Savall-Esteve O, Bracchiglione J, Macías I, Leache L, Cerdà P, Bonfill Cosp X. Utilising systematic reviews to assess potential overtreatment and claim for better evidence-based research: an analysis of anticancer drugs versus supportive care in advanced esophageal cancer. Syst Rev 2024; 13:186. [PMID: 39026378 PMCID: PMC11256491 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-024-02594-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Highlighting the identified gaps in evidence-based research concerning advanced esophageal cancer (EC) treatment and care, this review evaluates the efficacy and safety of anticancer drugs compared to supportive care for advanced EC patients, aiming to assess the appropriateness of usual treatments and identify the gaps that need to be filled with primary research. METHODS We searched (May 2022) MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Epistemonikos, and trial registries (ClinicalTrials.gov and PROSPERO) for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing anticancer drugs (chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or biological/targeted therapy) with supportive care in advanced EC. The results were summarised using GRADE summary of finding tables. RESULTS We included 15 RCTs. Most studies did not have a special focus on EC, did not detail the treatment lines in all patients, and did not evaluate all outcomes. Anticancer drugs may result in a slight increase in overall survival (OS) (HR 0.78; 95% CI 0.71, 0.86; MD 0.83 months) and better progression-free survival (PFS) (HR 0.56 95% CI 0.49, 0.64, MD 0.68 months), but also may increase toxicity (RR 1.37; 95% CI 1.13, 1.65), without a significant improvement in quality of life. The certainty of evidence was low or very low due to indirectness of results and lack of specific focus on EC in some studies. CONCLUSION RCTs on advanced EC lack specificity, detailed treatment line information, and evaluation of all relevant outcomes. Moreover, when they find any benefit, this is negligible. Therefore, the certainty to justify anticancer drug treatments instead of supportive care in advanced EC is low or very low, and this information should be actively shared with affected patients. More and better RCTs should be conducted to assess whether any old or new proposed treatment for advanced EC patients provides a better balance of benefits and harms than the supportive care. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION The study protocol was registered in OSF ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/7CHX6 ) on 2022-03-29.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilina Santero
- Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR, SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Adriana-Gabriela Meade
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR, SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Selva
- Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR, SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Epidemiology and Cancer Screening, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació I Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT_CERCA), Sabadell, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Savall-Esteve
- Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR, SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Bracchiglione
- Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR, SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Studies (CIESAL), Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ismael Macías
- Servicio Oncología Médica, Hospital de Sabadell-Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leire Leache
- Unit of Innovation and Organization, Navarre Health Service, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Paula Cerdà
- Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR, SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Bonfill Cosp
- Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR, SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|