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Sola-Sevilla N, Garmendia-Berges M, Mera-Delgado MC, Puerta E. Context-dependent role of sirtuin 2 in inflammation. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:682-694. [PMID: 38886935 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-02063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 2 is a member of the sirtuin family nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases, known for its regulatory role in different processes, including inflammation. In this context, sirtuin 2 has been involved in the modulation of key inflammatory signaling pathways and transcription factors by deacetylating specific targets, such as nuclear factor κB and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-leucine-rich-repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3). However, whether sirtuin 2-mediated pathways induce a pro- or an anti-inflammatory response remains controversial. Sirtuin 2 has been implicated in promoting inflammation in conditions such as asthma and neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting that its inhibition in these conditions could be a potential therapeutic strategy. Conversely, arthritis and type 2 diabetes mellitus studies suggest that sirtuin 2 is essential at the peripheral level and, thus, its inhibition in these pathologies would not be recommended. Overall, the precise role of sirtuin 2 in inflammation appears to be context-dependent, and further investigation is needed to determine the specific molecular mechanisms and downstream targets through which sirtuin 2 influences inflammatory processes in various tissues and pathological conditions. The present review explores the involvement of sirtuin 2 in the inflammation associated with different pathologies to elucidate whether its pharmacological modulation could serve as an effective strategy for treating this prevalent symptom across various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Sola-Sevilla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maider Garmendia-Berges
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - MCarmen Mera-Delgado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elena Puerta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
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2
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Piacentini R, Grassi C. Interleukin 1β receptor and synaptic dysfunction in recurrent brain infection with Herpes simplex virus type-1. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:416-423. [PMID: 38819045 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Several experimental evidence suggests a link between brain Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are not completely understood. Among the molecular mediators of synaptic and cognitive dysfunction occurring after Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and reactivation in the brain neuroinflammatory cytokines seem to occupy a central role. Here, we specifically reviewed literature reports dealing with the impact of neuroinflammation on synaptic dysfunction observed after recurrent Herpes simplex virus type-1 reactivation in the brain, highlighting the role of interleukins and, in particular, interleukin 1β as a possible target against Herpes simplex virus type-1-induced neuronal dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Piacentini
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Grant M, Ni Lee L, Chinnakannan S, Tong O, Kwok J, Cianci N, Tillman L, Saha A, Pereira Almeida V, Leung C. Unlocking cancer vaccine potential: What are the key factors? Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2331486. [PMID: 38564321 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2331486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a global health challenge, with changing demographics and lifestyle factors producing an increasing burden worldwide. Screening advancements are enabling earlier diagnoses, but current cancer immunotherapies only induce remission in a small proportion of patients and come at a high cost. Cancer vaccines may offer a solution to these challenges, but they have been mired by poor results in past decades. Greater understanding of tumor biology, coupled with the success of vaccine technologies during the COVID-19 pandemic, has reinvigorated cancer vaccine development. With the first signs of efficacy being reported, cancer vaccines may be beginning to fulfill their potential. Solid tumors, however, present different hurdles than infectious diseases. Combining insights from previous cancer vaccine clinical development and contemporary knowledge of tumor immunology, we ask: who are the 'right' patients, what are the 'right' targets, and which are the 'right' modalities to maximize the chances of cancer vaccine success?
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Zhao L, Wu Q, Long Y, Qu Q, Qi F, Liu L, Zhang L, Ai K. microRNAs: critical targets for treating rheumatoid arthritis angiogenesis. J Drug Target 2024; 32:1-20. [PMID: 37982157 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2284097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Vascular neogenesis, an early event in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) inflammation, is critical for the formation of synovial vascular networks and plays a key role in the progression and persistence of chronic RA inflammation. microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of single-stranded, non-coding RNAs with approximately 21-23 nucleotides in length, regulate gene expression by binding to the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of specific mRNAs. Increasing evidence suggests that miRNAs are differently expressed in diseases associated with vascular neogenesis and play a crucial role in disease-related vascular neogenesis. However, current studies are not sufficient and further experimental studies are needed to validate and establish the relationship between miRNAs and diseases associated with vascular neogenesis, and to determine the specific role of miRNAs in vascular development pathways. To better treat vascular neogenesis in diseases such as RA, we need additional studies on the role of miRNAs and their target genes in vascular development, and to provide more strategic references. In addition, future studies can use modern biotechnological methods such as proteomics and transcriptomics to investigate the expression and regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs, providing a more comprehensive and in-depth research basis for the treatment of related diseases such as RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Zhao
- College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Qingze Wu
- College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yiying Long
- Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Qirui Qu
- College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Qi
- College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Li Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Ai
- College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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5
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Cao Q, Fang H, Tian H. mRNA vaccines contribute to innate and adaptive immunity to enhance immune response in vivo. Biomaterials 2024; 310:122628. [PMID: 38820767 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics have been widely employed as strategies for the treatment and prevention of diseases. Amid the global outbreak of COVID-19, mRNA vaccines have witnessed rapid development. Generally, in the case of mRNA vaccines, the initiation of the innate immune system serves as a prerequisite for triggering subsequent adaptive immune responses. Critical cells, cytokines, and chemokines within the innate immune system play crucial and beneficial roles in coordinating tailored immune reactions towards mRNA vaccines. Furthermore, immunostimulators and delivery systems play a significant role in augmenting the immune potency of mRNA vaccines. In this comprehensive review, we systematically delineate the latest advancements in mRNA vaccine research, present an in-depth exploration of strategies aimed at amplifying the immune effectiveness of mRNA vaccines, and offer some perspectives and recommendations regarding the future advancements in mRNA vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Huapan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China; Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China; Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Huayu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China; Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China.
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Shi C, Tang Z, Jin Z, Huang S, Xu X, Qu C, Lin TH. Characterization of DmToll and DmToll7 homologue in Litopenaeus vannamei based on structure analysis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 158:105209. [PMID: 38838948 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize invading pathogens and activate downstream signaling pathways. The number of 10 Tolls is found in Litopenaeus vannamei but have not yet been identified as the corresponding Toll homologue of model animal. In this study, we predicted the three-dimensional (3D) structures of 10 LvTolls (LvToll1-10) with AlphaFold2 program. The per-residue local distance difference test (pLDDT) scores of LvTolls showed the predicted structure of LvTolls had high accuracy (pLDDT>70). By structural analysis, 3D structures of LvToll2 and LvToll3 had high similarity with Drosophila melanogaster Toll and Toll7, respectively. 3D structure of LvToll7 and LvToll10 were not similar to that of other LvTolls. Moreover, we also predicted that LvSpätzle4 had high structural similarity to DmSpätzle. There were 9 potential hydrogen bonds in LvToll2-LvSpätzle4 complex. Importantly, co-immunoprecipitation assay showed that LvToll2 could bind with LvSpätzle4. Collectively, this study provides new insight for researching invertebrate immunity by identifying the protein of model animal homologue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Zhuyun Tang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China; National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Zhixin Jin
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, 361023, China; Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, 361023, China
| | - Xiuyue Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, 361023, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, 361023, China
| | - Chen Qu
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
| | - Ta-Hui Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, 361023, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China; Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, 361023, China.
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Wu X, Wang L, Qin Y, Gao Y, Yang M, Cao P, Liu K. Prediction of binding affinity and enthalpy of CB7 with alkaloids by attach-pull-release molecular dynamics simulations study. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 131:108810. [PMID: 38852429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2024.108810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Host-guest complex has attracted much attention because of their fantastic capability. Accurate prediction of their binding affinity and enthalpy is essential to the rational design of guest molecules. The attach-pull-release (APR) method proposed by Henriksen et al. (J. Chem. Theory Comput., 2015, 11:4377.) shows good prediction capability of binding affinity especially for host-guest system. In order to further evaluate the performance of APR method in practice, we have conducted the calculations on the macrocycle cucurbit [7]urils (CB7) encapsulated with four structurally similar alkaloids (berberine, coptisine, epiberberine and palmatine) with two force fields (GAFF and GAFF2) and three water models (TIP3P, SPC/E and OPC). Compared to the experimental data, the calculation by the combination of GAFF2 and SPC/E force field presents the best performance, of which the Pearson correlation coefficients (R2) is 0.95, and the root-mean-square-deviation is 3.04 kcal/mol. While the predictions from GAFF force field all overestimated the binding affinity, suggesting a systematic error may be involved. Comparison of calculation also indicates that the accuracy of prediction was susceptible to the combination of force field. Therefore, it would be necessary to repeat the simulation with different combination of force fields in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiru Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs/Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, PR China
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs/Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, PR China
| | - Yuan Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs/Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, PR China
| | - Yalei Gao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs/Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, PR China
| | - Min Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs/Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, PR China
| | - Pei Cao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs/Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, PR China.
| | - Kai Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs/Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, PR China.
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Pan L, She H, Hu Y, Liu L, Wang H, Zhu L. Toll-like receptor 4 deficiency affects the balance of osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis in periodontitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112500. [PMID: 38889511 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) acts as a double-edged sword in the occurrence and development of periodontitis. While the activation of TLR4 in macrophages aids in clearing local pathogens, it can also disrupt innate immune responses, upsetting microecological balance and accelerating the destruction of periodontal bone tissues. To date, the effects of TLR4 on osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis in periodontitis have not been comprehensively studied. In this study, we investigated the development of periodontitis in the Tlr4-/- mice by ligating their second molars with silk threads. Compared to wild-type (WT) mice, Tlr4-/- mice demonstrated increased resistance to periodontitis-associated bone destruction, as evidenced by decreased bone resorption and enhanced bone regeneration. Mechanistically, the deletion of Tlr4 not only inhibited osteoclast formation by reducing the expression of NFATc1, CTSK and TRAP, but also enhanced osteogenic abilities through increased expression of OCN, OPN and RUNX2. In conclusion, TLR4 tips the balance of osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis, thereby promoting periodontal bone destruction in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Pan
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - He She
- Department of Stomatology, Taizhou Fourth People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Laikui Liu
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Lifang Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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He Y, Amer HM, Xu Z, Liu L, Wu S, He B, Liu J, Kai G. Exploration of the underlying mechanism of Astragaloside III in attenuating immunosuppression via network pharmacology and vitro/vivo pharmacological validation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118235. [PMID: 38648891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Astragalus mongholicus Bunge (AM, recorded in http://www.worldfloraonline.org, 2023-08-03) is a kind of medicine food homology plant with a long medicinal history in China. Astragaloside III (AS-III) has immunomodulatory effects and is one of the most active components in AM. However, its underlying mechanism of action is still not fully explained. AIM OF THE STUDY The research was designed to discuss the protective effects of AS-III on immunosuppression and to elucidate its prospective mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular docking methods and network pharmacology analysis were used to comprehensively investigate potential targets and relative pathways for AS-III and immunosuppression. In order to study and verify the pharmacological activity and mechanism of AS-III in alleviating immunosuppression, immunosuppression mouse model induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX) in vivo and macrophage RAW264.7 cell model induced by hypoxia/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro were used. RESULTS A total of 105 common targets were obtained from the AS-III-related and immunosuppression-related target networks. The results of network pharmacology and molecular docking demonstrate that AS-III may treat immunosuppression through by regulating glucose metabolism-related pathways such as regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, carbohydrate digestion and absorption, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, central carbon metabolism in cancer together with HIF-1 pathway. The results of molecular docking showed that AS-III has good binding relationship with LDHA, AKT1 and HIF1A. In CTX-induced immunosuppressive mouse model, AS-III had a significant protective effect on the reduction of body weight, immune organ index and hematological indices. It can also protect immune organs from damage. In addition, AS-III could significantly improve the expression of key proteins involved in energy metabolism and serum inflammatory factors. To further validate the animal results, an initial inflammatory/immune response model of macrophage RAW264.7 cells was constructed through hypoxia and LPS. AS-III improved the immune function of macrophages, reduced the release of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, PDHK-1, LDH, lactate, HK, PK and GLUT-1, and restored the decrease of ATP caused by hypoxia. Besides, AS-III was also demonstrated that it could inhibit the increase of HIF-1α, PDHK-1 and LDH by adding inhibitors and agonists. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the main targets of AS-III for immunosuppressive therapy were initially analyzed. AS-III was systematically confirmed to attenuates immunosuppressive state through the HIF-1α/PDHK-1 pathway. These findings offer an experimental foundation for the use of AS-III as a potential candidate for the treatment of immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining He
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Heba M Amer
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Dept, National Research Centre, 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zonghui Xu
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Shujing Wu
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Beihui He
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Junqiu Liu
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China.
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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Du YT, Zhang HQ, Li Y, Li XP, Yuan ZZ, Li MF. Teleost-specific TLR23 in Takifugu rubripes recruits MyD88 to trigger ERK pathway and promotes antibacterial defense. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:109724. [PMID: 38942251 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Takifugu rubripes is a highly valued cultured fish in Asia, while pathogen infections can result in severe diseases and lead to substantial economic losses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as pattern recognition receptors, play a crucial role on recognition pathogens and initiation innate immune response. However, the immunological properties of teleost-specific TLR23 remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the biological functions of TLR23 (TrTLR23) from T. rubripes, found that TrTLR23 existed in various organs. Following bacterial pathogen challenge, the expression levels of TrTLR23 were significantly increased in immune related organs. TrTLR23 located on the cellular membrane and specifically recognized pathogenic microorganism. Co-immunoprecipitation and antibody blocking analysis revealed that TrTLR23 recruited myeloid differentiation primary response protein (MyD88), thereby mediating the activation of the ERK signaling pathway. Furthermore, in vivo showed that, when TrTLR23 is overexpressed in T. rubripes, bacterial replication in fish tissues is significantly inhibited. Consistently, when TrTLR23 expression in T. rubripes is knocked down, bacterial replication is significantly enhanced. In conclusion, these findings suggested that TrTLR23 played a critical role on mediation TLR23-MyD88-ERK axis against bacterial infection. This study revealed that TLR23 involved in the innate immune mechanism, and provided the foundation for development disease control strategies in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China.
| | - Hong-Qiang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China.
| | - Xue-Peng Li
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, China.
| | - Zeng-Zhi Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China.
| | - Mo-Fei Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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11
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Felch KL, Crider JD, Bhattacharjee D, Huhn C, Wilson M, Bengtén E. TLR7 in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) is expressed in the endolysosome and is stimulated by synthetic ssRNA analogs, imiquimod, and resiquimod. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 157:105197. [PMID: 38763479 PMCID: PMC11234115 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pivotal pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and key mediators of innate immunity. Despite the significance of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) in comparative immunology and aquaculture, its 20 TLR genes remain largely functionally uncharacterized. In this study, our aim was to determine the catfish TLR7 agonists, signaling potential, and cellular localization. Using a mammalian reporter system, we identified imiquimod and resiquimod, typical ssRNA analogs, as potent catfish TLR7 agonists. Notably, unlike grass carp TLR7, catfish TLR7 lacks the ability to respond to poly (I:C). Confocal microscopy revealed predominant catfish TLR7 expression in lysosomes, co-localizing with the endosomal chaperone protein, UNC93B1. Furthermore, imiquimod stimulation elicited robust IFNb transcription in peripheral blood leukocytes isolated from adult catfish. These findings underscore the conservation of TLR7 signaling in catfish, reminiscent of mammalian TLR7 responses. Our study sheds light on the functional aspects of catfish TLR7 and contributes to a better understanding of its role in immune defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristianna L Felch
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, 39216, Jackson, MS, USA.
| | - Jonathan D Crider
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, 39216, Jackson, MS, USA; Department of Biology, Belmont University, 1900 Belmont Blvd, 37212, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Debduti Bhattacharjee
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, 39216, Jackson, MS, USA.
| | - Cameron Huhn
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, 39216, Jackson, MS, USA.
| | - Melanie Wilson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, 39216, Jackson, MS, USA; Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, 39216, Jackson, MS, USA.
| | - Eva Bengtén
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, 39216, Jackson, MS, USA; Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, 39216, Jackson, MS, USA.
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12
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Unagolla JM, Das S, Flanagan R, Oehler M, Menon JU. Targeting chronic liver diseases: Molecular markers, drug delivery strategies and future perspectives. Int J Pharm 2024; 660:124381. [PMID: 38917958 PMCID: PMC11246230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Chronic liver inflammation, a pervasive global health issue, results in millions of annual deaths due to its progression from fibrosis to the more severe forms of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This insidious condition stems from diverse factors such as obesity, genetic conditions, alcohol abuse, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, and toxic accumulation, manifesting as chronic liver diseases (CLDs) such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), alcoholic liver disease (ALD), viral hepatitis, drug-induced liver injury, and autoimmune hepatitis. Late detection of CLDs necessitates effective treatments to inhibit and potentially reverse disease progression. However, current therapies exhibit limitations in consistency and safety. A potential breakthrough lies in nanoparticle-based drug delivery strategies, offering targeted delivery to specific liver cell types, such as hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and hepatic stellate cells. This review explores molecular targets for CLD treatment, ongoing clinical trials, recent advances in nanoparticle-based drug delivery, and the future outlook of this research field. Early intervention is crucial for chronic liver disease. Having a comprehensive understanding of current treatments, molecular biomarkers and novel nanoparticle-based drug delivery strategies can have enormous impact in guiding future strategies for the prevention and treatment of CLDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janitha M Unagolla
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Subarna Das
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Riley Flanagan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Marin Oehler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Jyothi U Menon
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
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13
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Savino L, Savino M, Kansakar U, Dazzetti T, Varzideh F, Jankauskas SS, Mone P, Santulli G. Extracellular RNA and Endothelial TLR3 Link Inflammation and Venous Thromboembolism. J Am Heart Assoc 2024:e036335. [PMID: 39028039 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.124.036335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Savino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York City NY USA
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio" University of Molise Campobasso Italy
| | - Marco Savino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York City NY USA
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio" University of Molise Campobasso Italy
| | - Urna Kansakar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York City NY USA
| | - Tommaso Dazzetti
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio" University of Molise Campobasso Italy
| | - Fahimeh Varzideh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York City NY USA
| | - Stanislovas S Jankauskas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York City NY USA
| | - Pasquale Mone
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York City NY USA
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio" University of Molise Campobasso Italy
- Casa di Cura Montevergine Mercogliano (Avellino) Italy
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York City NY USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York City NY USA
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14
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Maia CMDA, Vasconcelos PGS, Pasetto S, Godwin WC, Silva JPRE, Tavares JF, Pardi V, Costa EMMDB, Murata RM. Anadenanthera colubrina regulated LPS-induced inflammation by suppressing NF-κB and p38-MAPK signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16028. [PMID: 38992070 PMCID: PMC11239917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66590-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine the chemical profile and unveil Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan standardized extract effects on inflammatory cytokines expression and key proteins from immunoregulating signaling pathways on LPS-induced THP-1 monocyte. Using the RT-PCR and Luminex Assays, we planned to show the gene expression and the levels of IL-8, IL-1β, and IL-10 inflammatory cytokines. Key proteins of NF-κB and MAPK transduction signaling pathways (NF-κB, p-38, p-NF-κB, and p-p38) were detected by Simple Western. Using HPLC-ESI-MSn (High-Performance Liquid-Chromatography) and HPLC-HRESIMS, we showed the profile of the extract that includes an opus of flavonoids, including the catechins, quercetin, kaempferol, and the proanthocyanidins. Cell viability was unaffected up to 250 µg/mL of the extract (LD50 = 978.7 µg/mL). Thereafter, the extract's impact on the cytokine became clear. Upon LPS stimuli, in the presence of the extract, gene expression of IL-1β and IL-10 were downregulated and the cytokines expression of IL-1β and IL-10 were down an upregulated respectively. The extract is involved in TLR-4-related NF-κB/MAPK pathways; it ignited phosphorylation of p38 and NF-κB, orchestrating a reduced signal intensity. Therefore, Anadenanthera colubrina's showed low cytotoxicity and profound influence as a protector against the inflammation, modulating IL-1β and IL-10 inflammatory cytokines gene expression and secretion by regulating intracellular NF-κB and p38-MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Medeiros de Almeida Maia
- Department of Dentistry, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, State University of Paraiba, Campina Grande, Paraiba, Brazil
- Department of Foundational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | | | - Silvana Pasetto
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Walton Colby Godwin
- Department of Foundational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Joanda Paolla Raimundo E Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Josean Fechine Tavares
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pardi
- Department of Foundational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Edja Maria Melo de Brito Costa
- Department of Dentistry, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, State University of Paraiba, Campina Grande, Paraiba, Brazil.
| | - Ramiro Mendonça Murata
- Department of Foundational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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15
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Malik AA, Shariq M, Sheikh JA, Fayaz H, Srivastava G, Thakuri D, Ahuja Y, Ali S, Alam A, Ehtesham NZ, Hasnain SE. Regulation of Type I Interferon and Autophagy in Immunity against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis: Role of CGAS and STING1. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024:e2400174. [PMID: 38977406 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202400174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) is a significant intracellular pathogen responsible for numerous infectious disease-related deaths worldwide. It uses ESX-1 T7SS to damage phagosomes and to enter the cytosol of host cells after phagocytosis. During infection, M. tb and host mitochondria release dsDNA, which activates the CGAS-STING1 pathway. This pathway leads to the production of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines and activates autophagy, which targets and degrades bacteria within autophagosomes. However, the role of type I IFNs in immunity against M. tb is controversial. While previous research has suggested a protective role, recent findings from cgas-sting1 knockout mouse studies have contradicted this. Additionally, a study using knockout mice and non-human primate models uncovered a new mechanism by which neutrophils recruited to lung infections form neutrophil extracellular traps. Activating plasmacytoid dendritic cells causes them to produce type I IFNs, which interfere with the function of interstitial macrophages and increase the likelihood of tuberculosis. Notably, M. tb uses its virulence proteins to disrupt the CGAS-STING1 signaling pathway leading to enhanced pathogenesis. Investigating the CGAS-STING1 pathway can help develop new ways to fight tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asrar Ahmad Malik
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Mohd Shariq
- ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Ansari Nagar West, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Javaid Ahmad Sheikh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Haleema Fayaz
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Gauri Srivastava
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Deeksha Thakuri
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Yashika Ahuja
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Saquib Ali
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Anwar Alam
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Nasreen Z Ehtesham
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Seyed E Hasnain
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (IIT-D), Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110 016, India
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16
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Chen J, Qi D, Hu H, Wang X, Lin W. Unconventional posttranslational modification in innate immunity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:290. [PMID: 38970666 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play a crucial role in innate immunity, and a complex network tightly controls their signaling cascades to maintain immune homeostasis. Within the modification network, posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are at the core of signaling cascades. Conventional PTMs, which include phosphorylation and ubiquitination, have been extensively studied. The regulatory role of unconventional PTMs, involving unanchored ubiquitination, ISGylation, SUMOylation, NEDDylation, methylation, acetylation, palmitoylation, glycosylation, and myristylation, in the modulation of innate immune signaling pathways has been increasingly investigated. This comprehensive review delves into the emerging field of unconventional PTMs and highlights their pivotal role in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dejun Qi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haorui Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Wenlong Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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17
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Zeng C, Wan SR, Guo M, Tan XZ, Zeng Y, Wu Q, Xie JJ, Yan P, Long Y, Zheng L, Jiang ZZ, Teng FY, Xu Y. Fecal virome transplantation: A promising strategy for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117065. [PMID: 38971010 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are a group of disorders caused by metabolic abnormalities, including obesity, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and more. Increasing research indicates that, beyond inherent metabolic irregularities, the onset and progression of metabolic diseases are closely linked to alterations in the gut microbiota, particularly gut bacteria. Additionally, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has demonstrated effectiveness in clinically treating metabolic diseases, notably diabetes. Recent attention has also focused on the role of gut viruses in disease onset. This review first introduces the characteristics and influencing factors of gut viruses, then summarizes their potential mechanisms in disease development, highlighting their impact on gut bacteria and regulation of host immunity. We also compare FMT, fecal filtrate transplantation (FFT), washed microbiota transplantation (WMT), and fecal virome transplantation (FVT). Finally, we review the current understanding of gut viruses in metabolic diseases and the application of FVT in treating these conditions. In conclusion, FVT may provide a novel and promising treatment approach for metabolic diseases, warranting further validation through basic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Cooperation, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Sheng-Rong Wan
- Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Cooperation, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Man Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Cooperation, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Tan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Cooperation, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Cooperation, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Cooperation, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China; Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Jia-Jie Xie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Cooperation, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Pijun Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Cooperation, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yang Long
- Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Cooperation, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Lemin Zheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zong-Zhe Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Cooperation, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Cooperation, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Cooperation, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
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18
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Wu J, Shyy M, Shyy JYJ, Xiao H. Role of inflammasomes in endothelial dysfunction. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38952037 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium dynamically responds to environmental cues and plays a pivotal role in maintaining vascular homeostasis by regulating vasomotor tone, blood cell trafficking, permeability and immune responses. However, endothelial dysfunction results in various pathological conditions. Inflammasomes are large intracellular multimeric complexes activated by pathogens or cellular damage. Inflammasomes in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) initiate innate immune responses, which have emerged as significant mediators in endothelial dysfunction, contributing to the pathophysiology of an array of diseases. This review summarizes the mechanisms and ramifications of inflammasomes in ECs and related vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, stroke, and lung and kidney diseases. We also discuss potential drugs targeting EC inflammasomes and their applications in treating vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Wu
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Medical Science Research Management/Basic and Clinical Research of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Beijing, China
| | - Melody Shyy
- Biological Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - John Y-J Shyy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Medical Science Research Management/Basic and Clinical Research of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Beijing, China
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19
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Larochelle J, Howell JA, Yang C, Liu L, Gunraj RE, Stansbury SM, de Oliveira ACP, Baksh S, Candelario-Jalil E. Pharmacological inhibition of receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) elicits neuroprotective effects following experimental ischemic stroke. Exp Neurol 2024; 377:114812. [PMID: 38729551 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke induces a debilitating neurological insult, where inflammatory processes contribute greatly to the expansion and growth of the injury. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) is most well-known for its role as the obligate kinase for NOD1/2 pattern recognition receptor signaling and is implicated in the pathology of various inflammatory conditions. Compared to a sham-operated control, ischemic stroke resulted in a dramatic increase in the active, phosphorylated form of RIPK2, indicating that RIPK2 may be implicated in the response to stroke injury. Here, we assessed the effects of pharmacological inhibition of RIPK2 to improve post-stroke outcomes in mice subjected to experimental ischemic stroke. We found that treatment at the onset of reperfusion with a RIPK2 inhibitor, which inhibits the phosphorylation and activation of RIPK2, resulted in marked improvements in post-stroke behavioral outcomes compared to the vehicle-administered group assessed 24 h after stroke. RIPK2 inhibitor-treated mice exhibited dramatic reductions in infarct volume, concurrent with reduced damage to the blood-brain barrier, as evidenced by reduced levels of active matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and leakage of blood-borne albumin in the ipsilateral cortex. To explore the protective mechanism of RIPK2 inhibition, we next pretreated mice with RIPK2 inhibitor or vehicle and examined transcriptomic alterations occurring in the ischemic brain 6 h after stroke. We observed a dramatic reduction in neuroinflammatory markers in the ipsilateral cortex of the inhibitor-treated group while also attaining a comprehensive view of the vast transcriptomic alterations occurring in the brain with inhibitor treatment through bulk RNA-sequencing of the injured cortex. Overall, we provide significant novel evidence that RIPK2 may represent a viable target for post-stroke pharmacotherapy and potentially other neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Larochelle
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - John Aaron Howell
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Changjun Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rachel E Gunraj
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sofia M Stansbury
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Shairaz Baksh
- BioImmuno Designs, Inc., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Bio-Stream Diagnostics, Inc., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eduardo Candelario-Jalil
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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20
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DeWolf SE, Hawkes AA, Kurian SM, Gorial DE, Hepokoski ML, Almeida SS, Posner IR, McKay DB. Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells respond to DAMPs from injured renal tubular cells. Pulm Circ 2024; 14:e12379. [PMID: 38962184 PMCID: PMC11220341 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes distant organ dysfunction through yet unknown mechanisms, leading to multiorgan failure and death. The lungs are one of the most common extrarenal organs affected by AKI, and combined lung and kidney injury has a mortality as high as 60%-80%. One mechanism that has been implicated in lung injury after AKI involves molecules released from injured kidney cells (DAMPs, or damage-associated molecular patterns) that promote a noninfectious inflammatory response by binding to pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) constitutively expressed on the pulmonary endothelium. To date there are limited data investigating the role of PRRs and DAMPs in the pulmonary endothelial response to AKI. Understanding these mechanisms holds great promise for therapeutics aimed at ameliorating the devastating effects of AKI. In this study, we stimulate primary human microvascular endothelial cells with DAMPs derived from injured primary renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) as an ex-vivo model of lung injury following AKI. We show that DAMPs derived from injured RTECs cause activation of Toll-Like Receptor and NOD-Like Receptor signaling pathways as well as increase human primary pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell (HMVEC) cytokine production, cell signaling activation, and permeability. We further show that cytokine production in HMVECs in response to DAMPs derived from RTECs is reduced by the inhibition of NOD1 and NOD2, which may have implications for future therapeutics. This paper adds to our understanding of PRR expression and function in pulmonary HMVECs and provides a foundation for future work aimed at developing therapeutic strategies to prevent lung injury following AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean E. DeWolf
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of ImmunologyThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alana A. Hawkes
- Department of ImmunologyThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sunil M. Kurian
- Scripps Clinic Bio‐Repository & Bio‐Informatics Core, Scripps HealthLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Department of SurgeryScripps Clinic and Green HospitalLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Diana E. Gorial
- Department of ImmunologyThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mark L. Hepokoski
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineVeterans AdministrationSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Isabella R. Posner
- Department of ImmunologyThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Dianne B. McKay
- Department of ImmunologyThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Department of SurgeryScripps Clinic and Green HospitalLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
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21
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Sun X, Liu L, Wang J, Luo X, Wang M, Wang C, Chen J, Zhou Y, Yin H, Song Y, Xiong Y, Li H, Zhang M, Zhu B, Li X. Targeting STING in dendritic cells alleviates psoriatic inflammation by suppressing IL-17A production. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:738-751. [PMID: 38806624 PMCID: PMC11214627 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01160-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease driven by the aberrant activation of dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells, ultimately leading to increased production of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-23 and IL-17A. It is established that the cGAS-STING pathway is essential for psoriatic inflammation, however, the specific role of cGAS-STING signaling in DCs within this context remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated the upregulation of cGAS-STING signaling in psoriatic lesions by analyzing samples from both clinical patients and imiquimod (IMQ)-treated mice. Using a conditional Sting-knockout transgenic mouse model, we elucidated the impact of cGAS-STING signaling in DCs on the activation of IL-17- and IFN-γ-producing T cells in psoriatic inflammation. Ablation of the Sting hampers DC activation leads to decreased numbers of IL-17-producing T cells and Th1 cells, and thus subsequently attenuates psoriatic inflammation in the IMQ-induced mouse model. Furthermore, we explored the therapeutic potential of the STING inhibitor C-176, which reduces psoriatic inflammation and enhances the anti-IL-17A therapeutic response. Our results underscore the critical role of cGAS-STING signaling in DCs in driving psoriatic inflammation and highlight a promising psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaorong Luo
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiale Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yaqiong Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hang Yin
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuanbin Song
- Department of Hematologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yuanyan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hongjin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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22
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Typiak M, Żurawa-Janicka D. Not an immune cell, but they may act like one-cells with immune properties outside the immune system. Immunol Cell Biol 2024; 102:487-499. [PMID: 38650437 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The cells presented in this work are not classified as cells that make up the immune system. They, however, present functions and molecules, which are characteristic of immune cells. These characteristic functions are, for example, sensing threat, performing phagocytosis, presentation of foreign antigens, cytokine release or enhancing immune memory. The enlisted immune response mechanisms are carried out by the possession of molecules such as Toll-like receptors, receptors for the Fc fragment of IgG, major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, costimulatory CD80/CD86 proteins and molecules needed for NLRP3 (NOD-like family pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome activation. Thanks to these properties, the described nonimmune cells play an important role in the local immune response and support of the entire body in the fight against pathogens. They constitute the first line of defense of tissues and organs against pathogens and molecules recognized as harmful. The cells described in this article are particularly important in immunologically privileged places (e.g. the Bowman's capsule in the kidney), where "typical" immune cells normally do not have access. In this paper, we present immune-like functions and molecule suites of resident kidney cells (podocytes and mesangial cells), cochlear resident cells, fibrocytes and fibroblasts, as well as some stem cells (mesenchymal stem cells and umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Typiak
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dorota Żurawa-Janicka
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
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23
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Li N, Hao R, Ren P, Wang J, Dong J, Ye T, Zhao D, Qiao X, Meng Z, Gan H, Liu S, Sun Y, Dou G, Gu R. Glycosaminoglycans: Participants in Microvascular Coagulation of Sepsis. Thromb Haemost 2024; 124:599-612. [PMID: 38242171 PMCID: PMC11199054 DOI: 10.1055/a-2250-3166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis represents a syndromic response to infection and frequently acts as a common pathway leading to fatality in the context of various infectious diseases globally. The pathology of severe sepsis is marked by an excess of inflammation and activated coagulation. A substantial contributor to mortality in sepsis patients is widespread microvascular thrombosis-induced organ dysfunction. Multiple lines of evidence support the notion that sepsis induces endothelial damage, leading to the release of glycosaminoglycans, potentially causing microvascular dysfunction. This review aims to initially elucidate the relationship among endothelial damage, excessive inflammation, and thrombosis in sepsis. Following this, we present a summary of the involvement of glycosaminoglycans in coagulation, elucidating interactions among glycosaminoglycans, platelets, and inflammatory cells. In this section, we also introduce a reasoned generalization of potential signal pathways wherein glycosaminoglycans play a role in clotting. Finally, we discuss current methods for detecting microvascular conditions in sepsis patients from the perspective of glycosaminoglycans. In conclusion, it is imperative to pay closer attention to the role of glycosaminoglycans in the mechanism of microvascular thrombosis in sepsis. Dynamically assessing glycosaminoglycan levels in patients may aid in predicting microvascular conditions, enabling the monitoring of disease progression, adjustment of clinical treatment schemes, and mitigation of both acute and long-term adverse outcomes associated with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Ruolin Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Peng Ren
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Jingya Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Tong Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Danyang Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Xuan Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Zhiyun Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Hui Gan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Shuchen Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Yunbo Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Guifang Dou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Ruolan Gu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
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24
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Xiong Z, Cao J, Wang K, Yang Y, Hu Y, Nie J, Zeng Q, Hu Y, Zhu L, Li X, Wu H. Characterization and functional analysis of chicken CDK protein. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103833. [PMID: 38810563 PMCID: PMC11166876 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The family of cell cycle-dependent kinases (CDKs) serves as catalytic subunits within protein kinase complexes, playing a crucial role in cell cycle progression. While the function of CDK proteins in regulating mammalian innate immune responses and virus replication is well-documented, their role in chickens remains unclear. To address this, we cloned several chicken CDKs, specifically CDK6 through CDK10. We observed that CDK6 is widely expressed across various chicken tissues, with localization in the cytoplasm, nucleus, or both in DF-1 cells. In addition, we also found that multiple chicken CDKs negatively regulate IFN-β signaling induced by chicken MAVS or chicken STING by targeting different steps. Moreover, during infection with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), various chicken CDKs, except CDK10, were recruited and co-localized with viral protein VP1. Interestingly, overexpression of CDK6 in chickens significantly enhanced IBDV replication. Conversely, knocking down CDK6 led to a marked increase in IFN-β production, triggered by chMDA5. Furthermore, targeting endogenous CDK6 with RNA interference substantially reduced IBDV replication. These findings collectively suggest that chicken CDKs, particularly CDK6, act as suppressors of IFN-β production and play a facilitative role in IBDV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixuan Xiong
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Jingjing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yuling Yang
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, East China Woody Fragrance and Flavor Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Camphor Engineering Research Center of NFGA, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Jiangjiang Nie
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Qinghua Zeng
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Lina Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Xiangzhi Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Huansheng Wu
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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25
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Wang W, Meng J, Wu D, Ding J, Liu J. mRNA and miRNA expression profiles reveal the potential roles of RLRs signaling pathway and mitophagy in duck hepatitis A virus type 1 infection. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103839. [PMID: 38810565 PMCID: PMC11166875 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Duck hepatitis A virus 1 (DHAV-1) is the primary cause of duck viral hepatitis, leading to sudden mortality in ducklings and significant economic losses in the duck industry. However, little is known about how DHAV-1 affects duckling liver at the molecular level. We conducted an analysis comparing the expression patterns of mRNAs and miRNAs in DHAV-1-infected duckling livers to understand the underlying mechanisms and dynamic changes. We identified 6,818 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs) and 144 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs) during DHAV-1 infection. Functional enrichment analysis of DEGs and miRNA target genes using gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) revealed their potential involvement in innate antiviral immunity, mitophagy, and pyroptosis. We constructed coexpression networks of mRNA-miRNA interactions and confirmed key DEMs (novel-mir333, novel-mir288, novel-mir197, and novel-mir71) using RT-qPCR. Further investigation demonstrated that DHAV-1 activates the RLRs signaling pathway, disrupts mitophagy, and induces pyroptosis. In conclusion, DHAV-1-induced antiviral immunity is closely linked to mitophagy, suggesting it could be a promising therapeutic target.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Ducks/genetics
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Poultry Diseases/virology
- Poultry Diseases/genetics
- Poultry Diseases/immunology
- Hepatitis Virus, Duck/physiology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/virology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/genetics
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/immunology
- Mitophagy
- Signal Transduction
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Picornaviridae Infections/veterinary
- Picornaviridae Infections/virology
- Picornaviridae Infections/immunology
- Picornaviridae Infections/genetics
- Transcriptome
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiran Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety and Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Jinwu Meng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety and Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Desheng Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety and Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Jinxue Ding
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety and Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Jiaguo Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety and Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
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26
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Tanaka S, Kawakita M, Yasui H, Sudo K, Itoh F, Sasaki M, Shibata N, Hara H, Iwakura Y, Hashidate-Yoshida T, Shindou H, Shimizu T, Oyama T, Matsunaga H, Takahara K. An immune-adrenergic pathway induces lethal levels of platelet-activating factor in mice. Commun Biol 2024; 7:782. [PMID: 38951147 PMCID: PMC11217416 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute immune responses with excess production of cytokines, lipid/chemical mediators, or coagulation factors, often result in lethal damage. In addition, the innate immune system utilizes multiple types of receptors that recognize neurotransmitters as well as pathogen-associated molecular patterns, making immune responses complex and clinically unpredictable. We here report an innate immune and adrenergic link inducing lethal levels of platelet-activating factor. Injecting mice with toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS), cell wall N-glycans of Candida albicans, and the α2-adrenergic receptor (α2-AR) agonist medetomidine induces lethal damage. Knocking out the C-type lectin Dectin-2 prevents the lethal damage. In spleen, large amounts of platelet-activating factor (PAF) are detected, and knocking out lysophospholipid acyltransferase 9 (LPLAT9/LPCAT2), which encodes an enzyme that converts inactive lyso-PAF to active PAF, protects mice from the lethal damage. These results reveal a linkage/crosstalk between the nervous and the immune system, possibly inducing lethal levels of PAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuto Tanaka
- Department of Animal Development and Physiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masataka Kawakita
- Department of Animal Development and Physiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hikaru Yasui
- Department of Animal Development and Physiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Sudo
- Department of Animal Development and Physiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumie Itoh
- Division of Infection and Host Defense, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masato Sasaki
- Division of Infection and Host Defense, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Shibata
- Division of Infection and Host Defense, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Hara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid Life Science, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medical Lipid Science, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiki Oyama
- Department of Animal Development and Physiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Himawari Matsunaga
- Department of Animal Development and Physiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takahara
- Department of Animal Development and Physiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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27
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Giese MA, Bennin DA, Schoen TJ, Peterson AN, Schrope JH, Brand J, Jung HS, Keller NP, Beebe DJ, Dinh HQ, Slukvin II, Huttenlocher A. PTP1B phosphatase dampens iPSC-derived neutrophil motility and antimicrobial function. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:118-131. [PMID: 38417030 PMCID: PMC11212797 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are rapidly recruited to sites of infection and are critical for pathogen clearance. Therapeutic use of primary neutrophils has been limited, as they have a short lifespan and are not amenable to genetic manipulation. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can provide a robust source of neutrophils for infusion and are genetically tractable. However, current work has indicated that dampened intracellular signaling limits iPSC-derived neutrophil (iNeutrophil) cellular activation and antimicrobial response. Here, we show that protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibits intracellular signaling and dampens iNeutrophil effector function. Deletion of the PTP1B phosphatase increased PI3K and ERK signaling and was associated with increased F-actin polymerization, cell migration, and phagocytosis. In contrast, other effector functions like NETosis and reactive oxygen species production were reduced. PTP1B-deficient neutrophils were more responsive to Aspergillus fumigatus and displayed rapid recruitment and control of hyphal growth. Accordingly, depletion of PTP1B increased production of inflammatory factors including the neutrophil chemokine interleukin-8. Taken together, these findings suggest that PTP1B limits iNeutrophil motility and antimicrobial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan A Giese
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1550 Linden Dr. Madison 53706, WI, United States
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1525 Linden Dr. Madison 53706, WI, United States
| | - David A Bennin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1550 Linden Dr. Madison 53706, WI, United States
| | - Taylor J Schoen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1550 Linden Dr. Madison 53706, WI, United States
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 2015 Linden Dr. Madison 53706, WI, United States
| | - Ashley N Peterson
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1550 Linden Dr. Madison 53706, WI, United States
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 2015 Linden Dr. Madison 53706, WI, United States
| | - Jonathan H Schrope
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr. Madison 53706, WI, United States
| | - Josh Brand
- Cell and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1685 Highland Ave. Madison 53705, WI, United States
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1111 Highland Ave. Madison 53705, WI, United States
| | - Ho Sun Jung
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1223 Capitol Ct. Madison 53715, WI, United States
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Ave. Madison 53705, WI, United States
| | - Nancy P Keller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1550 Linden Dr. Madison 53706, WI, United States
| | - David J Beebe
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1111 Highland Ave. Madison 53705, WI, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Ave. Madison 53705, WI, United States
| | - Huy Q Dinh
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1111 Highland Ave. Madison 53705, WI, United States
| | - Igor I Slukvin
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1223 Capitol Ct. Madison 53715, WI, United States
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Ave. Madison 53705, WI, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Ave. Madison 53705, WI, United States
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1550 Linden Dr. Madison 53706, WI, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 600 Highland Ave. Madison 53705, WI, United States
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28
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Glass E, Robinson SL, Rosowski EE. Zebrafish use conserved CLR and TLR signaling pathways to respond to fungal PAMPs in zymosan. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.24.600417. [PMID: 38979385 PMCID: PMC11230284 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.24.600417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are used by hosts to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in microorganisms and to initiate innate immune responses. While PRRs exist across invertebrate and vertebrate species, the functional homology of many of these receptors is still unclear. In this study, we investigate the innate immune response of zebrafish larvae to zymosan, a β-glucan-containing particle derived from fungal cell walls. Macrophages and neutrophils robustly respond to zymosan and are required for zymosan-induced activation of the NF-κB transcription factor. Full activation of NF-κB in response to zymosan depends on Card9/Syk and Myd88, conserved CLR and TLR adaptor proteins, respectively. Two putative CLRs, Clec4c and Sclra, are both required for maximal sensing of zymosan and NF-κB activation. Altogether, we identify conserved PRRs and PRR signaling pathways in larval zebrafish that promote recognition of fungal PAMPs. These results inform modeling of human fungal infections in zebrafish and increase our knowledge of the evolution and conservation of PRR pathways in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Glass
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
- Eukaryotic Pathogens Innovation Center, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
| | - Stephan L. Robinson
- Eukaryotic Pathogens Innovation Center, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
- School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC
| | - Emily E. Rosowski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
- Eukaryotic Pathogens Innovation Center, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
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Watkins JM, Burke JM. A closer look at mammalian antiviral condensates. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:1393-1404. [PMID: 38778761 PMCID: PMC11234502 DOI: 10.1042/bst20231296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Several biomolecular condensates assemble in mammalian cells in response to viral infection. The most studied of these are stress granules (SGs), which have been proposed to promote antiviral innate immune signaling pathways, including the RLR-MAVS, the protein kinase R (PKR), and the OAS-RNase L pathways. However, recent studies have demonstrated that SGs either negatively regulate or do not impact antiviral signaling. Instead, the SG-nucleating protein, G3BP1, may function to perturb viral RNA biology by condensing viral RNA into viral-aggregated RNA condensates, thus explaining why viruses often antagonize G3BP1 or hijack its RNA condensing function. However, a recently identified condensate, termed double-stranded RNA-induced foci, promotes the activation of the PKR and OAS-RNase L antiviral pathways. In addition, SG-like condensates known as an RNase L-induced bodies (RLBs) have been observed during many viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2 and several flaviviruses. RLBs may function in promoting decay of cellular and viral RNA, as well as promoting ribosome-associated signaling pathways. Herein, we review these recent advances in the field of antiviral biomolecular condensates, and we provide perspective on the role of canonical SGs and G3BP1 during the antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Monty Watkins
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim University of Florida Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Herbert Wertheim University of Florida Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL, United States of America
- Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - James M. Burke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim University of Florida Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Herbert Wertheim University of Florida Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL, United States of America
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Zuliani JP, Yamanouye N, Gutiérrez JM, Teixeira C. PKC-α is involved in the signaling of phagocytosis induced by two snake venom secretory PLA 2S in macrophages. Toxicon 2024; 247:107824. [PMID: 38908525 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Phagocytosis, an essential process for host defense, requires the coordination of a variety of signaling reactions. MT-II, an enzymatically inactive Lys49 phospholipase A2 (PLA2) homolog, and MT-III, a catalytically-active Asp49 PLA2, are known to activate phagocytosis in macrophages. In this study, the signaling pathways mediating phagocytosis, focusing on protein kinases, were investigated. Macrophages from male Swiss mice peritoneum were obtained 96 h after intraperitoneal thioglycolate injection. Phagocytosis was evaluated using non-opsonized zymosan particles in the presence or absence of specific inhibitors, as well as PKC and PKC-α localization by confocal microscopy. Moreover, protein kinase C (PKC) activity was assessed by γP32 ATP in macrophages stimulated by both PLA2s. Data showed that both sPLA2s increased phagocytosis. Cytochalasin D, staurosporine/H7, wortmannin, and herbimycin, inhibitors of actin polymerization, PKC, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), respectively, significantly reduced phagocytosis induced by both PLA2s. PKC activity was increased in macrophages stimulated by both PLA2s. Actin polymerization and talin were evidenced by immunofluorescence and talin was recruited 5 min after both PLA2s stimulation. PKC and PKC-α localization within the cell were increased after 60 min of MT-II and MT-III stimulation. These data suggest that the effect of both PLA2s depends on actin cytoskeleton rearrangements and the activation of PKC, PI3K, and PTK signaling events required for phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Pavan Zuliani
- Laboratório de Farmacologia - Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia/FIOCRUZ-RO, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Dep. Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
| | - Norma Yamanouye
- Laboratório de Farmacologia - Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - José María Gutiérrez
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Catarina Teixeira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia - Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Angers I, Akik W, Beauchamp A, King IL, Lands LC, Qureshi ST. Card9 Broadly Regulates Host Immunity against Experimental Pulmonary Cryptococcus neoformans 52D Infection. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:434. [PMID: 38921420 PMCID: PMC11204891 DOI: 10.3390/jof10060434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous soil-associated fungus Cryptococcus neoformans causes pneumonia that may progress to fatal meningitis. Recognition of fungal cell walls by C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) has been shown to trigger the host immune response. Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (Card9) is an intracellular adaptor that is downstream of several CLRs. Experimental studies have implicated Card9 in host resistance against C. neoformans; however, the mechanisms that are associated with susceptibility to progressive infection are not well defined. To further characterize the role of Card9 in cryptococcal infection, Card9em1Sq mutant mice that lack exon 2 of the Card9 gene on the Balb/c genetic background were created using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology and intratracheally infected with C. neoformans 52D. Card9em1Sq mice had significantly higher lung and brain fungal burdens and shorter survival after C. neoformans 52D infection. Susceptibility of Card9em1Sq mice was associated with lower pulmonary cytokine and chemokine production, as well as reduced numbers of CD4+ lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, and dendritic cells in the lungs. Histological analysis and intracellular cytokine staining of CD4+ T cells demonstrated a Th2 pattern of immunity in Card9em1Sq mice. These findings demonstrate that Card9 broadly regulates the host inflammatory and immune response to experimental pulmonary infection with a moderately virulent strain of C. neoformans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Angers
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (I.A.); (W.A.); (A.B.); (I.L.K.); (L.C.L.)
| | - Wided Akik
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (I.A.); (W.A.); (A.B.); (I.L.K.); (L.C.L.)
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Annie Beauchamp
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (I.A.); (W.A.); (A.B.); (I.L.K.); (L.C.L.)
| | - Irah L. King
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (I.A.); (W.A.); (A.B.); (I.L.K.); (L.C.L.)
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Larry C. Lands
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (I.A.); (W.A.); (A.B.); (I.L.K.); (L.C.L.)
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Salman T. Qureshi
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (I.A.); (W.A.); (A.B.); (I.L.K.); (L.C.L.)
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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Wang J, Peng X, Yuan N, Wang B, Chen S, Wang B, Xie L. Interplay between pulmonary epithelial stem cells and innate immune cells contribute to the repair and regeneration of ALI/ARDS. Transl Res 2024; 272:111-125. [PMID: 38897427 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian lung is the important organ for ventilation and exchange of air and blood. Fresh air and venous blood are constantly delivered through the airway and vascular tree to the alveolus. Based on this, the airways and alveolis are persistently exposed to the external environment and are easily suffered from toxins, irritants and pathogens. For example, acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is a common cause of respiratory failure in critical patients, whose typical pathological characters are diffuse epithelial and endothelial damage resulting in excessive accumulation of inflammatory fluid in the alveolar cavity. The supportive treatment is the main current treatment for ALI/ARDS with the lack of targeted effective treatment strategies. However, ALI/ARDS needs more targeted treatment measures. Therefore, it is extremely urgent to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms that maintain alveolar epithelial barrier and airway integrity. Previous researches have shown that the lung epithelial cells with tissue stem cell function have the ability to repair and regenerate after injury. Also, it is able to regulate the phenotype and function of innate immune cells involving in regeneration of tissue repair. Meanwhile, we emphasize that interaction between the lung epithelial cells and innate immune cells is more supportive to repair and regenerate in the lung epithelium following acute lung injury. We reviewed the recent advances in injury and repair of lung epithelial stem cells and innate immune cells in ALI/ARDS, concentrating on alveolar type 2 cells and alveolar macrophages and their contribution to post-injury repair behavior of ALI/ARDS through the latest potential molecular communication mechanisms. This will help to develop new research strategies and therapeutic targets for ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wang
- College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, the Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xinyue Peng
- Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Nan Yuan
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Lixin Xie
- College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, the Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.
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Paurević M, Maršavelski A, Ivanković S, Stojković R, Ribić R. Di-mannosylation enhances the adjuvant properties of adamantane-containing desmuramyl peptides in vivo. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 38884368 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00592a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) is the smallest essential peptidoglycan substructure capable of promoting both innate and adaptive immune responses. Herein, we report on the design, synthesis, and in vivo study of the adjuvant properties of two novel MDP analogs containing an achiral adamantyl moiety attached to the desmuramyl dipeptide (DMP) pharmacophore and additionally modified by one mannosyl subunit (derivative 7) or two mannosyl subunits (derivative 11). Mannose substructures were introduced in order to assess how the degree of mannosylation affects the immune response and nucleotide-binding oligomerization-domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) binding affinity, compared to the reference compound ManAdDMP. Both mannosylated MDP analogs showed improved immunomodulating properties, while the di-mannosylated derivative 11 displayed the highest, statistically significant increase in anti-OVA IgG production. In this study, for the first time, the di-mannosylated DMP derivative was synthesized and immunologically evaluated. Derivative 11 stimulates a Th-2-polarized type of immune reaction, similar to the reference compound ManAdDMP and MDP. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrate that 11 has a higher NOD2 binding affinity than 7, indicating that introducing the second mannose significantly contributes to the binding affinity. Mannose interacts with key amino acid residues from the LRR hydrophobic pocket of the NOD2 receptor and loop 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Paurević
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Aleksandra Maršavelski
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Siniša Ivanković
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ranko Stojković
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Rosana Ribić
- University Center Varaždin, University North, HR-42000 Varaždin, Croatia.
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Zhu L, Qi Z, Zhang H, Wang N. Nucleic Acid Sensor-Mediated PANoptosis in Viral Infection. Viruses 2024; 16:966. [PMID: 38932258 PMCID: PMC11209569 DOI: 10.3390/v16060966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity, the first line of host defense against viral infections, recognizes viral components through different pattern-recognition receptors. Nucleic acids derived from viruses are mainly recognized by Toll-like receptors, nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing receptors, absent in melanoma 2-like receptors, and cytosolic DNA sensors (e.g., Z-DNA-binding protein 1 and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase). Different types of nucleic acid sensors can recognize specific viruses due to their unique structures. PANoptosis is a unique form of inflammatory cell death pathway that is triggered by innate immune sensors and driven by caspases and receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinases through PANoptosome complexes. Nucleic acid sensors (e.g., Z-DNA-binding protein 1 and absent in melanoma 2) not only detect viruses, but also mediate PANoptosis through providing scaffold for the assembly of PANoptosomes. This review summarizes the structures of different nucleic acid sensors, discusses their roles in viral infections by driving PANoptosis, and highlights the crosstalk between different nucleic acid sensors. It also underscores the promising prospect of manipulating nucleic acid sensors as a therapeutic approach for viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
| | - Zehong Qi
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
- Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Huali Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
- Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Nian Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
- Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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Cheng C, Hsu SK, Chen YC, Liu W, Shu ED, Chien CM, Chiu CC, Chang WT. Burning down the house: Pyroptosis in the tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Life Sci 2024; 347:122627. [PMID: 38614301 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
A high mortality rate makes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) a difficult cancer to treat. When surgery is not possible, liver cancer patients are treated with chemotherapy. However, HCC management and treatment are difficult. Sorafenib, which is a first-line treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma, initially slows disease progression. However, sorafenib resistance limits patient survival. Recent studies have linked HCC to programmed cell death, which has increased researcher interest in therapies targeting cell death. Pyroptosis, which is an inflammatory mode of programmed cell death, may be targeted to treat HCC. Pyroptosis pathways, executors, and effects are examined in this paper. This review summarizes how pyroptosis affects the tumor microenvironment (TME) in HCC, including the role of cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18 in regulating immune responses. The use of chemotherapies and their ability to induce cancer cell pyroptosis as alternative treatments and combining them with other drugs to reduce side effects is also discussed. In conclusion, we highlight the potential of inducing pyroptosis to treat HCC and suggest ways to improve patient outcomes. Studies on cancer cell pyroptosis may lead to new HCC treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Cheng
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Kai Hsu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chun Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Wangta Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - En-De Shu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ming Chien
- Department of Medical Sciences Industry, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; The Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Tsan Chang
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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Yu L, Li Q, Jiang N, Fan R, Zhang N, Zhang Y, Sun W, Chen R, Feng Y, Sang X, Chen Q. Toll-like receptor 9 signaling is associated with immune responses to Trypanosoma brucei infection. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112250. [PMID: 38749335 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Trypanosoma brucei, a causative agent of human and animal trypanosomiasis, regularly switches its major surface antigen to avoid elimination by the immune system. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is a key modulator for resistance to host-infective trypanosomes; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains indistinct. Thus, we first approached the issue using Tlr9-mutant mice that render them non-responsive to TLR9 agonists. After infection, T cells in the spleens of Tlr9-mutant mice were analyzed by flow cytometry and a reduction in CD8+, CD4+ T, and NKT cells was observed in Tlr9-mutant mice compared to WT mice. We further found that the responses of inflammatory cytokines in the sera were reduced in Tlr9-mutant mice after T. brucei infection. The underlying molecular mechanism was that T. b. brucei DNA activated TLR9, which consequently upregulated the expression of p38 and ERK/MAPK, resulting in host resistance to trypanosome infection. In conclusion, these findings provide novel insights into the TLR9-mediated host responses to trypanosome infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China; Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Qilong Li
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China; Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China; Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ruiming Fan
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China; Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Naiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China; Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China; Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Weisong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China; Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China; Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China; Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China; Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Qijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China; Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China.
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Hazra R, Chattopadhyay S, Mallick A, Gayen S, Roy S. Revealing the therapeutic properties of gut microbiota: transforming cancer immunotherapy from basic to clinical approaches. Med Oncol 2024; 41:175. [PMID: 38874788 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02416-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The immune system plays a pivotal role in the battle against cancer, serving as a formidable guardian in the ongoing fight against malignant cells. To combat these malignant cells, immunotherapy has emerged as a prevalent approach leveraging antibodies and peptides such as anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, and anti-CTLA-4 to inhibit immune checkpoints and activate T lymphocytes. The optimization of gut microbiota plays a significant role in modulating the defense system in the body. This study explores the potential of certain gut-resident bacteria to amplify the impact of immunotherapy. Contemporary antibiotic treatments, which can impair gut flora, may diminish the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockers. Conversely, probiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation can help re-establish intestinal microflora equilibrium. Additionally, the gut microbiome has been implicated in various strategies to counteract immune resistance, thereby enhancing the success of cancer immunotherapy. This paper also acknowledges cutting-edge technologies such as nanotechnology, CAR-T therapy, ACT therapy, and oncolytic viruses in modulating gut microbiota. Thus, an exhaustive review of literature was performed to uncover the elusive link that could potentiate the gut microbiome's role in augmenting the success of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudradeep Hazra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, NSHM Knowledge Campus, 124, B. L. Saha Road, Tara Park, Behala, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700053, India
| | - Soumyadeep Chattopadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, NSHM Knowledge Campus, 124, B. L. Saha Road, Tara Park, Behala, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700053, India
| | - Arijit Mallick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, NSHM Knowledge Campus, 124, B. L. Saha Road, Tara Park, Behala, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700053, India
| | - Sakuntala Gayen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, NSHM Knowledge Campus, 124, B. L. Saha Road, Tara Park, Behala, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700053, India
| | - Souvik Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, NSHM Knowledge Campus, 124, B. L. Saha Road, Tara Park, Behala, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700053, India.
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Ahmed M, Kurungottu P, Swetha K, Atla S, Ashok N, Nagamalleswari E, Bonam SR, Sahu BD, Kurapati R. Role of NLRP3 inflammasome in nanoparticle adjuvant-mediated immune response. Biomater Sci 2024. [PMID: 38867716 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00439f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is pivotal in orchestrating the immune response induced by nanoparticle adjuvants. Understanding the intricate mechanisms underlying the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by these adjuvants is crucial for deciphering their immunomodulatory properties. This review explores the involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome in mediating immune responses triggered by nanoparticle adjuvants. It delves into the signaling pathways and cellular mechanisms involved in NLRP3 activation, highlighting its significance in modulating the efficacy and safety of nanoparticle-based adjuvants. A comprehensive grasp of the interplay between NLRP3 inflammasome and nanoparticle adjuvants holds promise for optimizing vaccine design and advancing immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momitul Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781101, India.
| | - Pavithra Kurungottu
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
| | - K Swetha
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
| | - Sandeep Atla
- Texas A&M Drug Discovery Center, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Nivethitha Ashok
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
| | - Easa Nagamalleswari
- MTCC and Gene Bank, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Bidya Dhar Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781101, India.
| | - Rajendra Kurapati
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
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Gu W, Zeng Q, Wang X, Jasem H, Ma L. Acute Lung Injury and the NLRP3 Inflammasome. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:3801-3813. [PMID: 38887753 PMCID: PMC11182363 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s464838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) manifests through harm to the capillary endothelium and alveolar epithelial cells, arising from a multitude of factors, leading to scattered interstitial alterations, pulmonary edema, and subsequent acute hypoxic respiratory insufficiency. Acute lung injury (ALI), along with its more serious counterpart, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), carry a fatality rate that hovers around 30-40%. Its principal pathological characteristic lies in the unchecked inflammatory reaction. Currently, the main strategies for treating ALI are alleviation of inflammation and prevention of respiratory failure. Concerning the etiology of ALI, NLRP3 Inflammasome is essential to the body's innate immune response. The composition of this inflammasome complex includes NLRP3, the pyroptosis mediator ASC, and pro-caspase-1. Recent research has reported that the inflammatory response centered on NLRP3 inflammasomes plays a key part in inflammation in ALI, and may hence be a prospective candidate for therapeutic intervention. In the review, we present an overview of the ailment characteristics of acute lung injury along with the constitution and operation of the NLRP3 inflammasome within this framework. We also explore therapeutic strategies targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome to combat acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjun Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huthaifa Jasem
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
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Zuela-Sopilniak N, Morival J, Lammerding J. Multi-level transcriptomic analysis of LMNA -related dilated cardiomyopathy identifies disease-driving processes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.11.598511. [PMID: 38915720 PMCID: PMC11195185 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.11.598511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
LMNA- related dilated cardiomyopathy ( LMNA -DCM) is one of the most severe forms of DCM. The incomplete understanding of the molecular disease mechanisms results in lacking treatment options, leading to high mortality amongst patients. Here, using an inducible, cardiomyocyte-specific lamin A/C depletion mouse model, we conducted a comprehensive transcriptomic study, combining both bulk and single nucleus RNA sequencing, and spanning LMNA -DCM disease progression, to identify potential disease drivers. Our refined analysis pipeline identified 496 genes already misregulated early in disease. The expression of these genes was largely driven by disease specific cardiomyocyte sub-populations and involved biological processes mediating cellular response to DNA damage, cytosolic pattern recognition, and innate immunity. Indeed, DNA damage in LMNA -DCM hearts was significantly increased early in disease and correlated with reduced cardiomyocyte lamin A levels. Activation of cytosolic pattern recognition in cardiomyocytes was independent of cGAS, which is rarely expressed in cardiomyocytes, but likely occurred downstream of other pattern recognition sensors such as IFI16. Altered gene expression in cardiac fibroblasts and immune cell infiltration further contributed to tissue-wide changes in gene expression. Our transcriptomic analysis further predicted significant alterations in cell-cell communication between cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and immune cells, mediated through early changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the LMNA -DCM hearts. Taken together, our work suggests a model in which nuclear damage in cardiomyocytes leads to activation of DNA damage responses, cytosolic pattern recognition pathway, and other signaling pathways that activate inflammation, immune cell recruitment, and transcriptional changes in cardiac fibroblasts, which collectively drive LMNA -DCM pathogenesis.
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41
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Fang T, Chen G. Non-viral vector-based genome editing for cancer immunotherapy. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:3068-3085. [PMID: 38716572 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00286e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite the exciting promise of cancer immunotherapy in the clinic, immune checkpoint blockade therapy and T cell-based therapies are often associated with low response rates, intrinsic and adaptive immune resistance, and systemic side effects. CRISPR-Cas-based genome editing appears to be an effective strategy to overcome these unmet clinical needs. As a safer delivery platform for the CRISPR-Cas system, non-viral nanoformulations have been recently explored to target tumor cells and immune cells, aiming to improve cancer immunotherapy on a gene level. In this review, we summarized the efforts of non-viral vector-based CRISPR-Cas-mediated genome editing in tumor cells and immune cells for cancer immunotherapy. Their design rationale and specific applications were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxu Fang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada.
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Guojun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada.
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada
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42
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Lin J(C, Hwang S(W, Luo H, Mohamud Y. Double-Edged Sword: Exploring the Mitochondria-Complement Bidirectional Connection in Cellular Response and Disease. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:431. [PMID: 38927311 PMCID: PMC11200454 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria serve an ultimate purpose that seeks to balance the life and death of cells, a role that extends well beyond the tissue and organ systems to impact not only normal physiology but also the pathogenesis of diverse diseases. Theorized to have originated from ancient proto-bacteria, mitochondria share similarities with bacterial cells, including their own circular DNA, double-membrane structures, and fission dynamics. It is no surprise, then, that mitochondria interact with a bacterium-targeting immune pathway known as a complement system. The complement system is an ancient and sophisticated arm of the immune response that serves as the body's first line of defense against microbial invaders. It operates through a complex cascade of protein activations, rapidly identifying and neutralizing pathogens, and even aiding in the clearance of damaged cells and immune complexes. This dynamic system, intertwining innate and adaptive immunity, holds secrets to understanding numerous diseases. In this review, we explore the bidirectional interplay between mitochondrial dysfunction and the complement system through the release of mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns. Additionally, we explore several mitochondria- and complement-related diseases and the potential for new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfei (Carly) Lin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Sinwoo (Wendy) Hwang
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Honglin Luo
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Yasir Mohamud
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
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Hart TM, Sonnert ND, Tang X, Chaurasia R, Allen PE, Hunt JR, Read CB, Johnson EE, Arora G, Dai Y, Cui Y, Chuang YM, Yu Q, Rahman MS, Mendes MT, Rolandelli A, Singh P, Tripathi AK, Ben Mamoun C, Caimano MJ, Radolf JD, Lin YP, Fingerle V, Margos G, Pal U, Johnson RM, Pedra JHF, Azad AF, Salje J, Dimopoulos G, Vinetz JM, Carlyon JA, Palm NW, Fikrig E, Ring AM. An atlas of human vector-borne microbe interactions reveals pathogenicity mechanisms. Cell 2024:S0092-8674(24)00532-4. [PMID: 38876107 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases are a leading cause of death worldwide and pose a substantial unmet medical need. Pathogens binding to host extracellular proteins (the "exoproteome") represents a crucial interface in the etiology of vector-borne disease. Here, we used bacterial selection to elucidate host-microbe interactions in high throughput (BASEHIT)-a technique enabling interrogation of microbial interactions with 3,324 human exoproteins-to profile the interactomes of 82 human-pathogen samples, including 30 strains of arthropod-borne pathogens and 8 strains of related non-vector-borne pathogens. The resulting atlas revealed 1,303 putative interactions, including hundreds of pairings with potential roles in pathogenesis, including cell invasion, tissue colonization, immune evasion, and host sensing. Subsequent functional investigations uncovered that Lyme disease spirochetes recognize epidermal growth factor as an environmental cue of transcriptional regulation and that conserved interactions between intracellular pathogens and thioredoxins facilitate cell invasion. In summary, this interactome atlas provides molecular-level insights into microbial pathogenesis and reveals potential host-directed targets for next-generation therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Hart
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Nicole D Sonnert
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Xiaotian Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Reetika Chaurasia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Paige E Allen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Jason R Hunt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Curtis B Read
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Emily E Johnson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Gunjan Arora
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yile Dai
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yingjun Cui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yu-Min Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - M Sayeedur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Tays Mendes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Agustin Rolandelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pallavi Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Abhai K Tripathi
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Choukri Ben Mamoun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Melissa J Caimano
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Justin D Radolf
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Immunology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Yi-Pin Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201, USA
| | - Volker Fingerle
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Munich 85764, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Gabriele Margos
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Munich 85764, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Utpal Pal
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Raymond M Johnson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Joao H F Pedra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abdu F Azad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeanne Salje
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - George Dimopoulos
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Joseph M Vinetz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Laboratorio ICEMR-Amazonia, Laboratorios de Investigación Y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias Y Filosofia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander Von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
| | - Jason A Carlyon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Noah W Palm
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Aaron M Ring
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
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Baffy G, Portincasa P. Gut Microbiota and Sinusoidal Vasoregulation in MASLD: A Portal Perspective. Metabolites 2024; 14:324. [PMID: 38921459 PMCID: PMC11205793 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a common condition with heterogeneous outcomes difficult to predict at the individual level. Feared complications of advanced MASLD are linked to clinically significant portal hypertension and are initiated by functional and mechanical changes in the unique sinusoidal capillary network of the liver. Early sinusoidal vasoregulatory changes in MASLD lead to increased intrahepatic vascular resistance and represent the beginning of portal hypertension. In addition, the composition and function of gut microbiota in MASLD are distinctly different from the healthy state, and multiple lines of evidence demonstrate the association of dysbiosis with these vasoregulatory changes. The gut microbiota is involved in the biotransformation of nutrients, production of de novo metabolites, release of microbial structural components, and impairment of the intestinal barrier with impact on innate immune responses, metabolism, inflammation, fibrosis, and vasoregulation in the liver and beyond. The gut-liver axis is a conceptual framework in which portal circulation is the primary connection between gut microbiota and the liver. Accordingly, biochemical and hemodynamic attributes of portal circulation may hold the key to better understanding and predicting disease progression in MASLD. However, many specific details remain hidden due to limited access to the portal circulation, indicating a major unmet need for the development of innovative diagnostic tools to analyze portal metabolites and explore their effect on health and disease. We also need to safely and reliably monitor portal hemodynamics with the goal of providing preventive and curative interventions in all stages of MASLD. Here, we review recent advances that link portal metabolomics to altered sinusoidal vasoregulation and may allow for new insights into the development of portal hypertension in MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyorgy Baffy
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, University ‘Aldo Moro’ Medical School, 70121 Bari, Italy;
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Yang F, Shu R, Dai W, Li B, Liu C, Yang H, Johnson HM, Yu S, Bai D, Yang W, Deng Y. H 2Se-evolving bio-heterojunctions promote cutaneous regeneration in infected wounds by inhibiting excessive cellular senescence. Biomaterials 2024; 311:122659. [PMID: 38861831 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenic infection leads to excessive senescent cell accumulation and stagnation of wound healing. To address these issues, we devise and develop a hydrogen selenide (H2Se)-evolving bio-heterojunction (bio-HJ) composed of graphene oxide (GO) and FeSe2 to deracinate bacterial infection, suppress cellular senescence and remedy recalcitrant infected wounds. Excited by near-infrared (NIR) laser, the bio-HJ exerts desired photothermal and photodynamic effects, resulting in rapid disinfection. The crafted bio-HJ could also evolve gaseous H2Se to inhibit cellular senescence and dampen inflammation. Mechanism studies reveal the anti-senescence effects of H2Se-evolving bio-HJ are mediated by selenium pathway and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1). More critically, in vivo experiments authenticate that the H2Se-evolving bio-HJ could inhibit cellular senescence and potentiate wound regeneration in rats. As envisioned, our work not only furnishes the novel gasotransmitter-delivering bio-HJ for chronic infected wounds, but also gets insight into the development of anti-senescence biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, College of Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, College of Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, College of Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, College of Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, College of Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, College of Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hannah M Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Washington, USA
| | - Sheng Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Washington, USA
| | - Ding Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, College of Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weizhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, College of Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, College of Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Geng F, Chen J, Song B, Tang Z, Li X, Zhang S, Yang T, Liu Y, Mo W, Zhang Y, Sun C, Tan L, Tu W, Yu D, Cao J, Zhang S. Chaperone- and PTM-mediated activation of IRF1 tames radiation-induced cell death and the inflammatory response. Cell Mol Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41423-024-01185-3. [PMID: 38849539 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01185-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The key role of structural cells in immune modulation has been revealed with the advent of single-cell multiomics, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we revealed that the transcriptional activation of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) in response to ionizing radiation, cytotoxic chemicals and SARS-CoV-2 viral infection determines the fate of structural cells and regulates communication between structural and immune cells. Radiation-induced leakage of mtDNA initiates the nuclear translocation of IRF1, enabling it to regulate the transcription of inflammation- and cell death-related genes. Novel posttranslational modification (PTM) sites in the nuclear localization sequence (NLS) of IRF1 were identified. Functional analysis revealed that mutation of the acetylation site and the phosphorylation sites in the NLS blocked the transcriptional activation of IRF1 and reduced cell death in response to ionizing radiation. Mechanistically, reciprocal regulation between the single-stranded DNA sensors SSBP1 and IRF1, which restrains radiation-induced and STING/p300-mediated PTMs of IRF1, was revealed. In addition, genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of IRF1 tempered radiation-induced inflammatory cell death, and radiation mitigators also suppressed SARS-CoV-2 NSP-10-mediated activation of IRF1. Thus, we revealed a novel cytoplasm-oriented mechanism of IRF1 activation in structural cells that promotes inflammation and highlighted the potential effectiveness of IRF1 inhibitors against immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghao Geng
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- Department of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bin Song
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhicheng Tang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shuaijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tingyi Yang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yulan Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, 610051, China
| | - Wei Mo
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yining Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chuntang Sun
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wenling Tu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, 610051, China
| | - Daojiang Yu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, 610051, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, 610051, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, 621099, China.
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47
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Saki N, Hadi H, Keikhaei B, Mirzaei A, Purrahman D. Gut microbiome composition and dysbiosis in immune thrombocytopenia: A review of literature. Blood Rev 2024:101219. [PMID: 38862311 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2024.101219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune bleeding disorder characterized by excessive reticuloendothelial platelet destruction and inadequate compensatory platelet production. However, the pathogenesis of ITP is relatively complex, and its exact mechanisms and etiology have not been definitively established. The gut microbiome, namely a diverse community of symbiotic microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal system, affects health through involvement in human metabolism, immune modulation, and maintaining physiological balance. Emerging evidence reveals that the gut microbiome composition differs in patients with ITP compared to healthy individuals, which is related with platelet count, disease duration, and response to treatment. These findings suggest that the microbiome and metabolome profiles of individuals could unveil a new pathway for aiding diagnosis, predicting prognosis, assessing treatment response, and formulating personalized therapeutic approaches for ITP. However, due to controversial reports, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn, and further investigations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmaldin Saki
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Hadi
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bijan Keikhaei
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Arezoo Mirzaei
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Daryush Purrahman
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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48
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Damerau A, Rosenow E, Alkhoury D, Buttgereit F, Gaber T. Fibrotic pathways and fibroblast-like synoviocyte phenotypes in osteoarthritis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1385006. [PMID: 38895122 PMCID: PMC11183113 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, characterized by osteophyte formation, cartilage degradation, and structural and cellular alterations of the synovial membrane. Activated fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) of the synovial membrane have been identified as key drivers, secreting humoral mediators that maintain inflammatory processes, proteases that cause cartilage and bone destruction, and factors that drive fibrotic processes. In normal tissue repair, fibrotic processes are terminated after the damage has been repaired. In fibrosis, tissue remodeling and wound healing are exaggerated and prolonged. Various stressors, including aging, joint instability, and inflammation, lead to structural damage of the joint and micro lesions within the synovial tissue. One result is the reduced production of synovial fluid (lubricants), which reduces the lubricity of the cartilage areas, leading to cartilage damage. In the synovial tissue, a wound-healing cascade is initiated by activating macrophages, Th2 cells, and FLS. The latter can be divided into two major populations. The destructive thymocyte differentiation antigen (THY)1─ phenotype is restricted to the synovial lining layer. In contrast, the THY1+ phenotype of the sublining layer is classified as an invasive one with immune effector function driving synovitis. The exact mechanisms involved in the transition of fibroblasts into a myofibroblast-like phenotype that drives fibrosis remain unclear. The review provides an overview of the phenotypes and spatial distribution of FLS in the synovial membrane of OA, describes the mechanisms of fibroblast into myofibroblast activation, and the metabolic alterations of myofibroblast-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Damerau
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Glucocorticoids - Bioenergetics - 3R Research Lab, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emely Rosenow
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dana Alkhoury
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Buttgereit
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Glucocorticoids - Bioenergetics - 3R Research Lab, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Gaber
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Glucocorticoids - Bioenergetics - 3R Research Lab, Berlin, Germany
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49
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Gambadauro A, Galletta F, Li Pomi A, Manti S, Piedimonte G. Immune Response to Respiratory Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6178. [PMID: 38892370 PMCID: PMC11172738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The respiratory system is constantly exposed to viral infections that are responsible for mild to severe diseases. In this narrative review, we focalized the attention on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, responsible for high morbidity and mortality in the last decades. We reviewed the human innate and adaptive immune responses in the airways following infection, focusing on a particular population: newborns and pregnant women. The recent Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted how our interest in viral pathologies must not decrease. Furthermore, we must increase our knowledge of infection mechanisms to improve our future defense strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Gambadauro
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy; (A.G.); (F.G.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Francesca Galletta
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy; (A.G.); (F.G.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Alessandra Li Pomi
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy; (A.G.); (F.G.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Sara Manti
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy; (A.G.); (F.G.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Giovanni Piedimonte
- Office for Research and Departments of Pediatrics, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
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50
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Ma RY, Deng ZL, Du QY, Dai MQ, Luo YY, Liang YE, Dai XZ, Guo SM, Zhao WH. Enterococcus faecalis Extracellular Vesicles Promote Apical Periodontitis. J Dent Res 2024; 103:672-682. [PMID: 38679731 DOI: 10.1177/00220345241230867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is an important contributor to the persistence of chronic apical periodontitis. However, the mechanism by which E. faecalis infection in the root canals and dentinal tubules affects periapical tissue remains unclear. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) act as natural carriers of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and have recently attracted considerable attention. In this study, we investigated the role of EVs derived from E. faecalis in the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis. We observed that E. faecalis EVs can induce inflammatory bone destruction in the periapical areas of mice. Double-labeling immunofluorescence indicated that M1 macrophage infiltration was increased by E. faecalis EVs in apical lesions. Moreover, in vitro experiments demonstrated the internalization of E. faecalis EVs into macrophages. Macrophages tended to polarize toward the M1 profile after treatment with E. faecalis EVs. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can recognize MAMPs of bacterial EVs and, in turn, trigger inflammatory responses. Thus, we performed further mechanistic exploration, which showed that E. faecalis EVs considerably increased the expression of NOD2, a cytoplasmic PRR, and that inhibition of NOD2 markedly reduced macrophage M1 polarization induced by E. faecalis EVs. RIPK2 ubiquitination is a major downstream of NOD2. We also observed increased RIPK2 ubiquitination in macrophages treated with E. faecalis EVs, and E. faecalis EV-induced macrophage M1 polarization was notably alleviated by the RIPK2 ubiquitination inhibitor. Our study revealed the potential for EVs to be considered a virulence factor of E. faecalis and found that E. faecalis EVs can promote macrophage M1 polarization via NOD2/RIPK2 signaling. To our knowledge, this is the first report to investigate apical periodontitis development from the perspective of bacterial vesicles and demonstrate the role and mechanism of E. faecalis EVs in macrophage polarization. This study expands our understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of E. faecalis and provides novel insights into the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Y Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z L Deng
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Q Y Du
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - M Q Dai
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Y Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y E Liang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Z Dai
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - S M Guo
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - W H Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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