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Jia LJ, González K, Orasch T, Schmidt F, Brakhage AA. Manipulation of host phagocytosis by fungal pathogens and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:2216-2231. [PMID: 39187614 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01780-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
An important host defence mechanism against pathogens is intracellular killing, which is achieved through phagocytosis, a cellular process for engulfing and neutralizing extracellular particles. Phagocytosis results in the formation of matured phagolysosomes, which are specialized compartments that provide a hostile environment and are considered the end point of the degradative pathway. However, all fungal pathogens studied to date have developed strategies to manipulate phagosomal function directly and also indirectly by redirecting phagosomes from the degradative pathway to a non-degradative pathway with the expulsion and even transfer of pathogens between cells. Here, using the major human fungal pathogens Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Histoplasma capsulatum as examples, we discuss the processes involved in host phagosome-fungal pathogen interactions, with a focus on fungal evasion strategies. We also discuss recent approaches to targeting intraphagosomal pathogens, including the redirection of phagosomes towards degradative pathways for fungal pathogen eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Jie Jia
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany.
- Junior Research Group Phagosome Biology and Engineering, Leibniz-HKI, Jena, Germany.
| | - Katherine González
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Orasch
- Transfer Group Anti-infectives, Leibniz-HKI, Jena, Germany
| | - Franziska Schmidt
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Axel A Brakhage
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany.
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
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2
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Shebanova A, Perrin QM, Zhu K, Gudlur S, Chen Z, Sun Y, Huang C, Lim ZW, Mondarte EA, Sun R, Lim S, Yu J, Miao Y, Parikh AN, Ludwig A, Miserez A. Cellular Uptake of Phase-Separating Peptide Coacervates. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402652. [PMID: 39214144 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Peptide coacervates self-assembling via liquid-liquid phase separation are appealing intracellular delivery vehicles of macromolecular therapeutics (proteins, DNA, mRNA) owing to their non-cytotoxicity, high encapsulation capacity, and efficient cellular uptake. However, the mechanisms by which these viscoelastic droplets cross the cellular membranes remain unknown. Here, using multimodal imaging, data analytics, and biochemical inhibition assays, identify the key steps by which droplets enter the cell. find that the uptake follows a non-canonical pathway and instead integrates essential features of macropinocytosis and phagocytosis, namely active remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton and appearance of filopodia-like protrusions. Experiments using giant unilamellar vesicles show that the coacervates attach to the bounding membrane in a charge- and cholesterol-dependent manner but do not breach the lipid bilayer barrier. Cell uptake in the presence of small molecule inhibitors - interfering with actin and tubulin polymerization - confirm the active role of cytoskeleton remodeling, most prominently evident in electron microscopy imaging. These findings suggest a peculiar internalization mechanism for viscoelastic, glassy coacervate droplets combining features of non-specific uptake of fluids by macropinocytosis and particulate uptake of phagocytosis. The broad implications of this study will enable to enhance the efficacy and utility of coacervate-based strategies for intracellular delivery of macromolecular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Shebanova
- Centre for Sustainable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Quentin Moana Perrin
- Centre for Sustainable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Kexin Zhu
- School of Biological Sciences, NTU, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Sushanth Gudlur
- Centre for Sustainable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Zilin Chen
- Centre for Sustainable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Yue Sun
- Centre for Sustainable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Congxi Huang
- Centre for Sustainable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Zhi Wei Lim
- Centre for Sustainable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Evan Angelo Mondarte
- Centre for Sustainable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Ruoxuan Sun
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, NTU, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Sierin Lim
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, NTU, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
- Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science (IDMxS), NTU, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Jing Yu
- Centre for Sustainable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
- Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science (IDMxS), NTU, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Biological Sciences, NTU, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
- Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science (IDMxS), NTU, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Atul N Parikh
- Centre for Sustainable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
- Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science (IDMxS), NTU, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Alexander Ludwig
- School of Biological Sciences, NTU, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, NTU, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Ali Miserez
- Centre for Sustainable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, NTU, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
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3
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Hernandez-Padilla C, Joosten B, Franco A, Cambi A, van den Dries K, Nain AS. Dendritic cell force-migration coupling on aligned fiber networks. Biophys J 2024:S0006-3495(24)00450-8. [PMID: 38993114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells that reside in peripheral tissues and are responsible for initiating adaptive immune responses. As gatekeepers of the immune system, DCs need to continuously explore their surroundings, for which they can rapidly move through various types of connective tissue and basement membranes. DC motility has been extensively studied on flat 2D surfaces, yet the influences of a contextual 3D fibrous environment still need to be described. Using ECM-mimicking suspended fiber networks, we show how immature DCs (iDCs) engage in migratory cycles that allow them to transition from persistent migration to slow migratory states. For a subset of iDCs with high migratory potential, we report the organization of protrusions at the front of the cell body, which reverses upon treatment with inflammation agent PGE2. We identify an unusual migratory response to aligned fiber networks, whereby iDCs use filamentous protrusions to attach laterally and exert forces on fibers to migrate independent of fiber alignment. Increasing the fiber diameter from 200 to 500 nm does not significantly affect the migratory response; however, iDCs respond by forming denser actin bundles around larger diameters. Overall, the correlation between force-coupling and random migration of iDCs in aligned fibrous topography offers new insights into how iDCs might move in fibrous environments in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ben Joosten
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Aime Franco
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alessandra Cambi
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Koen van den Dries
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Amrinder S Nain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia.
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4
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Griffiths G, Brügger B, Freund C. Lipid switches in the immunological synapse. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107428. [PMID: 38823638 PMCID: PMC11259711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immune responses comprise the activation of T cells by peptide antigens that are presented by proteins of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell. As a consequence of the T cell receptor interacting productively with a certain peptide-MHC complex, a specialized cell-cell junction known as the immunological synapse forms and is accompanied by changes in the spatiotemporal patterning and function of intracellular signaling molecules. Key modifications occurring at the cytoplasmic leaflet of the plasma and internal membranes in activated T cells comprise lipid switches that affect the binding and distribution of proteins within or near the lipid bilayer. Here, we describe two major classes of lipid switches that act at this critical water/membrane interface. Phosphoinositides are derived from phosphatidylinositol, an amphiphilic molecule that contains two fatty acid chains and a phosphate group that bridges the glycerol backbone to the carbohydrate inositol. The inositol ring can be variably (de-)phosphorylated by dedicated kinases and phosphatases, thereby creating phosphoinositide signatures that define the composition and properties of signaling molecules, molecular complexes, or whole organelles. Palmitoylation refers to the reversible attachment of the fatty acid palmitate to a substrate protein's cysteine residue. DHHC enzymes, named after the four conserved amino acids in their active site, catalyze this post-translational modification and thereby change the distribution of proteins at, between, and within membranes. T cells utilize these two types of molecular switches to adjust their properties to an activation process that requires changes in motility, transport, secretion, and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Britta Brügger
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Freund
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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5
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de Jesus M, Settle AH, Vorselen D, Gaetjens TK, Galiano M, Romin Y, Lee E, Wong YY, Fu TM, Santosa E, Winer BY, Tamzalit F, Wang MS, Santella A, Bao Z, Sun JC, Shah P, Theriot JA, Abel SM, Huse M. Single-cell topographical profiling of the immune synapse reveals a biomechanical signature of cytotoxicity. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadj2898. [PMID: 38941478 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adj2898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Immune cells have intensely physical lifestyles characterized by structural plasticity and force exertion. To investigate whether specific immune functions require stereotyped mechanical outputs, we used super-resolution traction force microscopy to compare the immune synapses formed by cytotoxic T cells with contacts formed by other T cell subsets and by macrophages. T cell synapses were globally compressive, which was fundamentally different from the pulling and pinching associated with macrophage phagocytosis. Spectral decomposition of force exertion patterns from each cell type linked cytotoxicity to compressive strength, local protrusiveness, and the induction of complex, asymmetric topography. These features were validated as cytotoxic drivers by genetic disruption of cytoskeletal regulators, live imaging of synaptic secretion, and in silico analysis of interfacial distortion. Synapse architecture and force exertion were sensitive to target stiffness and size, suggesting that the mechanical potentiation of killing is biophysically adaptive. We conclude that cellular cytotoxicity and, by implication, other effector responses are supported by specialized patterns of efferent force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel de Jesus
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander H Settle
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daan Vorselen
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas K Gaetjens
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Michael Galiano
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yevgeniy Romin
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Esther Lee
- Immunology & Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yung Yu Wong
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tian-Ming Fu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Endi Santosa
- Immunology & Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Y Winer
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fella Tamzalit
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mitchell S Wang
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Santella
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhirong Bao
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pavak Shah
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julie A Theriot
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steven M Abel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Morgan Huse
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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6
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Ma Y, Jiang T, Zhu X, Xu Y, Wan K, Zhang T, Xie M. Efferocytosis in dendritic cells: an overlooked immunoregulatory process. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1415573. [PMID: 38835772 PMCID: PMC11148234 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1415573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Efferocytosis, the process of engulfing and removing apoptotic cells, plays an essential role in preserving tissue health and averting undue inflammation. While macrophages are primarily known for this task, dendritic cells (DCs) also play a significant role. This review delves into the unique contributions of various DC subsets to efferocytosis, highlighting the distinctions in how DCs and macrophages recognize and handle apoptotic cells. It further explores how efferocytosis influences DC maturation, thereby affecting immune tolerance. This underscores the pivotal role of DCs in orchestrating immune responses and sustaining immune equilibrium, providing new insights into their function in immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Ma
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tangxing Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhou Xu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingxuan Zhang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Miaorong Xie
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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7
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Ullo MF, D'Amico AE, Lavenus SB, Logue JS. The amoeboid migration of monocytes in confining channels requires the local remodeling of the cortical actin cytoskeleton by cofilin-1. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10241. [PMID: 38702365 PMCID: PMC11068741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60971-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Within the bloodstream, monocytes must traverse the microvasculature to prevent leukostasis, which is the entrapment of monocytes within the confines of the microvasculature. Using the model cell line, THP-1, and VCAM-1 coated channels to simulate the microvasculature surface, we demonstrate that monocytes predominantly adopt an amoeboid phenotype, which is characterized by the formation of blebs. As opposed to cortical actin flow in leader blebs, cell movement is correlated with myosin contraction at the cell rear. It was previously documented that cofilin-1 promotes cortical actin turnover at leader bleb necks in melanoma cells. In monocytes, our data suggest that cofilin-1 promotes the local upregulation of myosin contractility through actin cytoskeleton remodeling. In support of this concept, cofilin-1 is found to localize to a single cell edge. Moreover, the widespread upregulation of myosin contractility was found to inhibit migration. Thus, monocytes within the microvasculature may avoid entrapment by adopting an amoeboid mode of migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Ullo
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 31 Ames St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Anna E D'Amico
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Sandrine B Lavenus
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 81 Columbia Turnpike, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Jeremy S Logue
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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8
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Ullo MF, D'Amico AE, Lavenus SB, Logue JS. The amoeboid migration of monocytes in confining channels requires the local remodeling of the cortical actin cytoskeleton by cofilin-1. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.11.553020. [PMID: 37609240 PMCID: PMC10441414 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.11.553020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Within the bloodstream, monocytes must traverse the microvasculature to prevent leukostasis, which is the entrapment of monocytes within the confines of the microvasculature. Using the model cell line, THP-1, and VCAM-1 coated channels to simulate the microvasculature surface, we demonstrate that monocytes predominantly adopt an amoeboid phenotype, which is characterized by the formation of blebs. As opposed to cortical actin flow in leader blebs, cell movement is correlated with myosin contraction at the cell rear. It was previously documented that cofilin-1 promotes cortical actin turnover at leader bleb necks in melanoma cells. In monocytes, our data suggest that cofilin-1 promotes the local upregulation of myosin contractility through actin cytoskeleton remodeling. In support of this concept, cofilin-1 is found to localize to a single cell edge. Moreover, the widespread upregulation of myosin contractility was found to inhibit migration. Thus, monocytes within the microvasculature may avoid entrapment by adopting an amoeboid mode of migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Ullo
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Anna E D'Amico
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Sandrine B Lavenus
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Jeremy S Logue
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208
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9
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Omer S, Li J, Yang CX, Harrison RE. Ninein promotes F-actin cup formation and inward phagosome movement during phagocytosis in macrophages. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar26. [PMID: 38117588 PMCID: PMC10916867 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-06-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis by macrophages is a highly polarized process to destroy large target cells. Binding to particles induces extensive cortical actin-generated forces that drive the formation of elaborate pseudopods around the target particle. Postinternalization, the resultant phagosome is driven toward the cell interior on microtubules (MTs) by cytoplasmic dynein. However, it is unclear whether dynein and cargo-adaptors contribute to the earlier steps of particle internalization and phagosome formation. Here we reveal that ninein, a MT minus-end-associated protein that localizes to the centrosome, is also present at the phagocytic cup in macrophages. Ninein depletion impairs particle internalization by delaying the early F-actin recruitment to sites of particle engagement and cup formation, with no impact on F-actin dynamics beyond this initial step. Ninein forms membrane-bound clusters on phagocytic cups that do not nucleate acentrosomal MTs but instead mediate the assembly of dynein-dynactin complex at active phagocytic membranes. Both ninein depletion and pharmacological inhibition of dynein activity reduced inward displacement of bound particles into macrophages. We found that ninein and dynein motor activity were required for timely retrograde movement of phagosomes and for phagolysosome formation. Taken together, these data show that ninein, alone and with dynein, play significant roles during phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safia Omer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4
| | - Jiahao Li
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4
| | - Claire X. Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4
| | - Rene E. Harrison
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4
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10
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Uribe-Querol E, Rosales C. Phagocytosis. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2813:39-64. [PMID: 38888769 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3890-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
One hundred years have passed since the death of Élie Metchnikoff (1845-1916). He was the first to observe the uptake of particles by cells and realized the importance of this process, named phagocytosis, for the host response to injury and infection. He also was a strong advocate of the role of phagocytosis in cellular immunity, and with this, he gave us the basis for our modern understanding of inflammation and the innate immune response. Phagocytosis is an elegant but complex process for the ingestion and elimination of pathogens, but it is also important for the elimination of apoptotic cells and hence fundamental for tissue homeostasis. Phagocytosis can be divided into four main steps: (i) recognition of the target particle, (ii) signaling to activate the internalization machinery, (iii) phagosome formation, and (iv) phagolysosome maturation. In this chapter, we present a general view of our current knowledge on phagocytosis performed mainly by professional phagocytes through antibody and complement receptors and discuss aspects that remain incompletely understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Uribe-Querol
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos Rosales
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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11
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Rioux DJ, Prosser DC. A CIE change in our understanding of endocytic mechanisms. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1334798. [PMID: 38192364 PMCID: PMC10773762 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1334798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The past six decades have seen major advances in our understanding of endocytosis, ranging from descriptive studies based on electron microscopy to biochemical and genetic characterization of factors required for vesicle formation. Most studies focus on clathrin as the major coat protein; indeed, clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is the primary pathway for internalization. Clathrin-independent (CIE) pathways also exist, although mechanistic understanding of these pathways remains comparatively elusive. Here, we discuss how early studies of CME shaped our understanding of endocytosis and describe recent advances in CIE, including pathways in model organisms that are poised to provide key insights into endocytic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Rioux
- Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Derek C. Prosser
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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12
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Linder S, Barcelona B. Get a grip: Podosomes as potential players in phagocytosis. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151356. [PMID: 37625234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Podosomes have been known for several decades as micron-sized, F-actin-rich structures that play a pivotal role in cell migration and invasion, as they are able to mediate both cell-matrix attachment as well as extracellular matrix degradation. Particularly in monocytic cells, podosomes have been shown to fulfill a variety of additional functions such as sensing of substrate rigidity and topography, or cell-cell fusion. Increasing evidence now points to the involvement of podosome-like structures also during phagocytosis by immune cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils. Here, we compare the different cell models and experimental set ups where "phagocytic podosomes" have been described. We also discuss the composition and architecture of these structures, their potential involvement in mechanosensing and particle disruption, as well as the pros and cons for addressing them as bona fide podosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Linder
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Bryan Barcelona
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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13
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Ullo MF, D'Amico AE, Lavenus SB, Logue JS. The amoeboid migration of monocytes in confining channels requires the local remodeling of the cortical actin cytoskeleton by cofilin-1. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3496552. [PMID: 37961301 PMCID: PMC10635396 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3496552/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Within the bloodstream, monocytes must traverse the microvasculature to prevent leukostasis, which is the entrapment of monocytes within the confines of the microvasculature. Using the model cell line, THP-1, and VCAM-1 coated channels to simulate the microvasculature, we demonstrate that monocytes predominantly adopt an amoeboid phenotype, which is characterized by the formation of blebs. As opposed to cortical actin flow in leader blebs, cell movement is correlated with myosin contraction at the cell rear. Previously, we documented that cofilin-1 promotes cortical actin turnover at leader bleb necks in melanoma cells. In monocytes, our data suggest that cofilin-1 promotes the local upregulation of myosin contractility through actin cytoskeleton remodeling. In support of this concept, cofilin-1 is found to localize to a single cell edge. Moreover, the widespread upregulation of myosin contractility was found to inhibit migration. Thus, monocytes within the microvasculature may avoid entrapment by adopting an amoeboid mode of migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Ullo
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Anna E D'Amico
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Sandrine B Lavenus
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Jeremy S Logue
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208
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14
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Chen X, Li Y, Guo M, Xu B, Ma Y, Zhu H, Feng XQ. Polymerization force-regulated actin filament-Arp2/3 complex interaction dominates self-adaptive cell migrations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2306512120. [PMID: 37639611 PMCID: PMC10483647 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306512120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells migrate by adapting their leading-edge behaviors to heterogeneous extracellular microenvironments (ECMs) during cancer invasions and immune responses. Yet it remains poorly understood how such complicated dynamic behaviors emerge from millisecond-scale assembling activities of protein molecules, which are hard to probe experimentally. To address this gap, we establish a spatiotemporal "resistance-adaptive propulsion" theory based on the interactions between Arp2/3 complexes and polymerizing actin filaments and a multiscale dynamic modeling system spanning from molecular proteins to the cell. We quantitatively find that cells can accurately self-adapt propulsive forces to overcome heterogeneous ECMs via a resistance-triggered positive feedback mechanism, dominated by polymerization-induced actin filament bending and the bending-regulated actin-Arp2/3 binding. However, for high resistance regions, resistance triggers a negative feedback, hindering branched filament assembly, which adapts cellular morphologies to circumnavigate the obstacles. Strikingly, the synergy of the two opposite feedbacks not only empowers the cell with both powerful and flexible migratory capabilities to deal with complex ECMs but also enables efficient utilization of intracellular proteins by the cell. In addition, we identify that the nature of cell migration velocity depending on ECM history stems from the inherent temporal hysteresis of cytoskeleton remodeling. We also show that directional cell migration is dictated by the competition between the local stiffness of ECMs and the local polymerizing rate of actin network caused by chemotactic cues. Our results reveal that it is the polymerization force-regulated actin filament-Arp2/3 complex binding interaction that dominates self-adaptive cell migrations in complex ECMs, and we provide a predictive theory and a spatiotemporal multiscale modeling system at the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindong Chen
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, CardiffCF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Yuhui Li
- CytoMorpho Lab, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/CNRS/Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble38054, France
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Bowen Xu
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Yanhui Ma
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, CardiffCF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Hanxing Zhu
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, CardiffCF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Xi-Qiao Feng
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
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15
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Pal K, Kundu S, Wang X. Macrophages form integrin-mediated adhesion rings to pinch off surface-bound objects for phagocytosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.01.551462. [PMID: 37577702 PMCID: PMC10418108 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.01.551462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages engulf micron-sized objects including pathogens and cell debris by phagocytosis, serving a fundamental role in immune defense and homeostasis 1, 2 . Although the internalization process of suspended particles has been thoroughly investigated 3, 4 , it is incompletely understood how macrophages internalize surface-bound objects by overcoming the surface binding. Here, we prepared a force-sensing platform which visualizes cell-substrate adhesive force by fluorescence. Macrophages are tested on this platform with micron-sized objects (E. coli, microbeads and silver nanorods) immobilized. By co-imaging integrin-transmitted forces and corresponding structural proteins, we discovered that macrophages consistently form integrin-mediated adhesion structures on the surface to encircle and pinch off surface-bound objects. We termed these structures phagocytic adhesion rings (PAR) and showed that integrin tensions in PARs are resulted from local actin polymerization, but not from myosin II. We further demonstrated that the intensity of integrin tensions in PARs is correlated with the object surface-bound strength, and the integrin ligand strength (dictating the upper limit of integrin tensions) determines the phagocytosis efficiency. Collectively, this study revealed a new phagocytosis mechanism that macrophages form PARs to provide physical anchorage for local F-actin polymerization that pushes and lifts off surface-bound objects during phagocytosis.
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16
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Wilson HM. Modulation of macrophages by biophysical cues in health and beyond. DISCOVERY IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 2:kyad013. [PMID: 38567062 PMCID: PMC10917218 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyad013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages play a key role in tissue development and homeostasis, innate immune defence against microbes or tumours, and restoring homeostasis through tissue regeneration following infection or injury. The ability to adopt such diverse functions is due to their heterogeneous nature, which is driven largely by their developmental origin and their response to signals they encounter from the microenvironment. The most well-characterized signals driving macrophage phenotype and function are biochemical and metabolic. However, the way macrophages sense and respond to their extracellular biophysical environment is becoming increasingly recognized in the field of mechano-immunology. These biophysical cues can be signals from tissue components, such as the composition and charge of extracellular matrix or topography, elasticity, and stiffness of the tissue surrounding cells; and mechanical forces such as shear stress or stretch. Macrophages are important in determining whether a disease resolves or becomes chronic. Ageing and diseases such as cancer or fibrotic disorders are associated with significant changes in the tissue biophysical environment, and this provides signals that integrate with those from biochemical and metabolic stimuli to ultimately dictate the overall function of macrophages. This review provides a brief overview of macrophage polarization, followed by a selection of commonly recognized physiological and applied biophysical stimuli impacting macrophage activity, and the potential signalling mechanisms driving downstream responses. The effects of biophysical cues on macrophages' function in homeostasis and disease and the associated clinical implications are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Wilson
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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17
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Xie H, Qin Z, Ling Z, Ge X, Zhang H, Guo S, Liu L, Zheng K, Jiang H, Xu R. Oral pathogen aggravates atherosclerosis by inducing smooth muscle cell apoptosis and repressing macrophage efferocytosis. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:26. [PMID: 37380627 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis imparting the increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases is partially due to the immune subversion of the oral pathogen, particularly the Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), by inducing apoptosis. However, it remains obscure whether accumulated apoptotic cells in P. gingivalis-accelerated plaque formation are associated with impaired macrophage clearance. Here, we show that smooth muscle cells (SMCs) have a greater susceptibility to P. gingivalis-induced apoptosis than endothelial cells through TLR2 pathway activation. Meanwhile, large amounts of miR-143/145 in P.gingivalis-infected SMCs are extracellularly released and captured by macrophages. Then, these miR-143/145 are translocated into the nucleus to promote Siglec-G transcription, which represses macrophage efferocytosis. By constructing three genetic mouse models, we further confirm the in vivo roles of TLR2 and miR-143/145 in P. gingivalis-accelerated atherosclerosis. Therapeutically, we develop P.gingivalis-pretreated macrophage membranes to coat metronidazole and anti-Siglec-G antibodies for treating atherosclerosis and periodontitis simultaneously. Our findings extend the knowledge of the mechanism and therapeutic strategy in oral pathogen-associated systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Xie
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyue Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Periodontology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziji Ling
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Ge
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuyu Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Laikui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbing Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Rongyao Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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18
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Hu Y, Li H, Wang W, Sun F, Wu C, Chen W, Liu Z. Molecular Force Imaging Reveals That Integrin-Dependent Mechanical Checkpoint Regulates Fcγ-Receptor-Mediated Phagocytosis in Macrophages. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37289965 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are a type of immune cell that helps eliminate pathogens and diseased cells. Recent research has shown that macrophages can sense mechanical cues from potential targets to perform effective phagocytosis, but the mechanisms behind it remain unclear. In this study, we used DNA-based tension probes to study the role of integrin-mediated forces in FcγR-mediated phagocytosis. The results showed that when the phagocytic receptor FcγR is activated, the force-bearing integrins create a "mechanical barrier" that physically excludes the phosphatase CD45 and facilitates phagocytosis. However, if the integrin-mediated forces are physically restricted at lower levels or if the macrophage is on a soft matrix, CD45 exclusion is significantly reduced. Moreover, CD47-SIRPα "don't eat me" signaling can reduce CD45 segregation by inhibiting the mechanical stability of the integrin barrier. These findings demonstrate how macrophages use molecular forces to identify physical properties and combine them with biochemical signals from phagocytic receptors to guide phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Hu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyun Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxu Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoyang Wu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Liu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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19
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Banushi B, Joseph SR, Lum B, Lee JJ, Simpson F. Endocytosis in cancer and cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41568-023-00574-6. [PMID: 37217781 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00574-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Endocytosis is a complex process whereby cell surface proteins, lipids and fluid from the extracellular environment are packaged, sorted and internalized into cells. Endocytosis is also a mechanism of drug internalization into cells. There are multiple routes of endocytosis that determine the fate of molecules, from degradation in the lysosomes to recycling back to the plasma membrane. The overall rates of endocytosis and temporal regulation of molecules transiting through endocytic pathways are also intricately linked with signalling outcomes. This process relies on an array of factors, such as intrinsic amino acid motifs and post-translational modifications. Endocytosis is frequently disrupted in cancer. These disruptions lead to inappropriate retention of receptor tyrosine kinases on the tumour cell membrane, changes in the recycling of oncogenic molecules, defective signalling feedback loops and loss of cell polarity. In the past decade, endocytosis has emerged as a pivotal regulator of nutrient scavenging, response to and regulation of immune surveillance and tumour immune evasion, tumour metastasis and therapeutic drug delivery. This Review summarizes and integrates these advances into the understanding of endocytosis in cancer. The potential to regulate these pathways in the clinic to improve cancer therapy is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blerida Banushi
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shannon R Joseph
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Benedict Lum
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason J Lee
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fiona Simpson
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
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20
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de Jesus M, Settle AH, Vorselen D, Gaetjens TK, Galiano M, Wong YY, Fu TM, Santosa E, Winer BY, Tamzalit F, Wang MS, Bao Z, Sun JC, Shah P, Theriot JA, Abel SM, Huse M. Topographical analysis of immune cell interactions reveals a biomechanical signature for immune cytolysis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.16.537078. [PMID: 37131635 PMCID: PMC10153123 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.16.537078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Immune cells live intensely physical lifestyles characterized by structural plasticity, mechanosensitivity, and force exertion. Whether specific immune functions require stereotyped patterns of mechanical output, however, is largely unknown. To address this question, we used super-resolution traction force microscopy to compare cytotoxic T cell immune synapses with contacts formed by other T cell subsets and macrophages. T cell synapses were globally and locally protrusive, which was fundamentally different from the coupled pinching and pulling of macrophage phagocytosis. By spectrally decomposing the force exertion patterns of each cell type, we associated cytotoxicity with compressive strength, local protrusiveness, and the induction of complex, asymmetric interfacial topographies. These features were further validated as cytotoxic drivers by genetic disruption of cytoskeletal regulators, direct imaging of synaptic secretory events, and in silico analysis of interfacial distortion. We conclude that T cell-mediated killing and, by implication, other effector responses are supported by specialized patterns of efferent force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel de Jesus
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Alexander H. Settle
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Daan Vorselen
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Thomas K. Gaetjens
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
| | - Michael Galiano
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Yung Yu Wong
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Tian-Ming Fu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA
| | - Endi Santosa
- Immunology & Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY USA
| | - Benjamin Y. Winer
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Fella Tamzalit
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Mitchell S. Wang
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY USA
| | - Zhirong Bao
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Joseph C. Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Pavak Shah
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Julie A. Theriot
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Steven M. Abel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
| | - Morgan Huse
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
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21
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Umapathy A, Torten G, Paniagua AE, Chung J, Tomlinson M, Lim C, Williams DS. Spatiotemporal Live-Cell Analysis of Photoreceptor Outer Segment Membrane Ingestion by the Retinal Pigment Epithelium Reveals Actin-Regulated Scission. J Neurosci 2023; 43:2653-2664. [PMID: 36878726 PMCID: PMC10089248 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1726-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The photoreceptor outer segment (OS) is the phototransductive organelle in the vertebrate retina. OS tips are regularly ingested and degraded by the adjacent retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), offsetting the addition of new disk membrane at the base of the OS. This catabolic role of the RPE is essential for photoreceptor health, with defects in ingestion or degradation underlying different forms of retinal degeneration and blindness. Although proteins required for OS tip ingestion have been identified, spatiotemporal analysis of the ingestion process in live RPE cells is lacking; hence, the literature reflects no common understanding of the cellular mechanisms that affect ingestion. We imaged live RPE cells from mice (both sexes) to elucidate the ingestion events in real time. Our imaging revealed roles for f-actin dynamics and specific dynamic localizations of two BAR (Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs) proteins, FBP17 and AMPH1-BAR, in shaping the RPE apical membrane as it surrounds the OS tip. Completion of ingestion was observed to occur by scission of the OS tip from the remainder of the OS, with a transient concentration of f-actin forming around the site of imminent scission. Actin dynamics were also required for regulating the size of the ingested OS tip, and the time course of the overall ingestion process. The size of the ingested tip is consistent with the term "phagocytosis." However, phagocytosis usually refers to engulfment of an entire particle or cell, whereas our observations of OS tip scission indicate a process that is more specifically described as "trogocytosis," in which one cell "nibbles" another cell.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The ingestion of the photoreceptor outer segment (OS) tips by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a dynamic cellular process that has fascinated scientists for 60 years. Yet its molecular mechanisms had not been addressed in living cells. We developed a live-cell imaging approach to investigate OS tip ingestion, and focused on the dynamic participation of actin filaments and membrane-shaping BAR proteins. We observed scission of OS tips for the first time, and were able to monitor local changes in protein concentration preceding, during, and following scission. Our approach revealed that actin filaments were concentrated at the site of OS scission and were required for regulating the size of the ingested OS tip and the time course of the ingestion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Umapathy
- Department of Ophthalmology and Stein Eye Institute, and Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Gil Torten
- Department of Ophthalmology and Stein Eye Institute, and Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Antonio E Paniagua
- Department of Ophthalmology and Stein Eye Institute, and Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Julie Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology and Stein Eye Institute, and Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Madeline Tomlinson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Stein Eye Institute, and Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Caleb Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Stein Eye Institute, and Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - David S Williams
- Department of Ophthalmology and Stein Eye Institute, and Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
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22
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Naish E, Wood AJT, Stewart AP, Routledge M, Morris AC, Chilvers ER, Lodge KM. The formation and function of the neutrophil phagosome. Immunol Rev 2023; 314:158-180. [PMID: 36440666 PMCID: PMC10952784 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating leukocyte and are crucial to the initial innate immune response to infection. One of their key pathogen-eliminating mechanisms is phagocytosis, the process of particle engulfment into a vacuole-like structure called the phagosome. The antimicrobial activity of the phagocytic process results from a collaboration of multiple systems and mechanisms within this organelle, where a complex interplay of ion fluxes, pH, reactive oxygen species, and antimicrobial proteins creates a dynamic antimicrobial environment. This complexity, combined with the difficulties of studying neutrophils ex vivo, has led to gaps in our knowledge of how the neutrophil phagosome optimizes pathogen killing. In particular, controversy has arisen regarding the relative contribution and integration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-derived antimicrobial agents and granule-delivered antimicrobial proteins. Clinical syndromes arising from dysfunction in these systems in humans allow useful insight into these mechanisms, but their redundancy and synergy add to the complexity. In this article, we review the current knowledge regarding the formation and function of the neutrophil phagosome, examine new insights into the phagosomal environment that have been permitted by technological advances in recent years, and discuss aspects of the phagocytic process that are still under debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Naish
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Alexander JT Wood
- Medical SchoolUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
- Department of Critical CareUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | | | - Matthew Routledge
- Department of MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Division of Immunology, Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Andrew Conway Morris
- Department of MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Division of Immunology, Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Edwin R Chilvers
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
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23
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Xu Y, Guo C, Yang X, Yuan W, Zhang X, Sun Y, Wen G, Wang L, Li H, Xiong C, Yang C. Super-resolution traction force microscopy with enhanced tracer density enables capturing molecular scale traction. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:1056-1065. [PMID: 36562450 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01332k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell traction mediates the biochemical and mechanical interactions between the cell and its extracellular matrix (ECM). Traction force microscopy (TFM) is a powerful technique for quantitative cellular scale traction analysis. However, it is challenging to characterize macromolecular scale traction events with current TFM due to the limited sampling density and algorithmic precision. In this article, we introduce a super-resolution TFM by utilizing a novel substrate surface modification method. Our TFM technique achieved a spatial resolution comparable to fluorescence microscopy and precision comparable to the rupture force of an integrin-ligand bond. Correlated imaging of TFM with fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that the residing paxillin highly correlated with traction while α5 integrin was located differently. Time-lapse TFM imaging captured a transient traction variation as the adhesion protein passed by. Thus, the novel super-resolution TFM benefits the studies on cellular biochemical and mechanical interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuanwen Guo
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xueyi Yang
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weihong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Centre (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yujie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Centre (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Gang Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China.
| | - Linbo Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China.
| | - Chunyang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System, and Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chun Yang
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Boero E, Gorham RD, Francis EA, Brand J, Teng LH, Doorduijn DJ, Ruyken M, Muts RM, Lehmann C, Verschoor A, van Kessel KPM, Heinrich V, Rooijakkers SHM. Purified complement C3b triggers phagocytosis and activation of human neutrophils via complement receptor 1. Sci Rep 2023; 13:274. [PMID: 36609665 PMCID: PMC9822988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system provides vital immune protection against infectious agents by labeling them with complement fragments that enhance phagocytosis by immune cells. Many details of complement-mediated phagocytosis remain elusive, partly because it is difficult to study the role of individual complement proteins on target surfaces. Here, we employ serum-free methods to couple purified complement C3b onto E. coli bacteria and beads and then expose human neutrophils to these C3b-coated targets. We examine the neutrophil response using a combination of flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, luminometry, single-live-cell/single-target manipulation, and dynamic analysis of neutrophil spreading on opsonin-coated surfaces. We show that purified C3b can potently trigger phagocytosis and killing of bacterial cells via Complement receptor 1. Comparison of neutrophil phagocytosis of C3b- versus antibody-coated beads with single-bead/single-target analysis exposes a similar cell morphology during engulfment. However, bulk phagocytosis assays of C3b-beads combined with DNA-based quenching reveal that these are poorly internalized compared to their IgG1 counterparts. Similarly, neutrophils spread slower on C3b-coated compared to IgG-coated surfaces. These observations support the requirement of multiple stimulations for efficient C3b-mediated uptake. Together, our results establish the existence of a direct pathway of phagocytic uptake of C3b-coated targets and present methodologies to study this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Boero
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.425088.3GSK, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Ronald D. Gorham
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.417555.70000 0000 8814 392XSanofi, Waltham, MA 02451 USA
| | - Emmet A. Francis
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Jonathan Brand
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Lay Heng Teng
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Dennis J. Doorduijn
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje Ruyken
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Remy M. Muts
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Lehmann
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Admar Verschoor
- grid.15474.330000 0004 0477 2438Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität München and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Kok P. M. van Kessel
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Volkmar Heinrich
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Suzan H. M. Rooijakkers
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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25
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Ayala YA, Omidvar R, Römer W, Rohrbach A. Thermal fluctuations of the lipid membrane determine particle uptake into Giant Unilamellar Vesicles. Nat Commun 2023; 14:65. [PMID: 36599837 PMCID: PMC9813155 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytic particle uptake is crucial for the fate of both living cells and pathogens. Invading particles have to overcome fluctuating lipid membranes as the first physical barrier. However, the energy and the role of the fluctuation-based particle-membrane interactions during particle uptake are not understood. We tackle this problem by indenting the membrane of differently composed Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs) with optically trapped particles until particle uptake. By continuous 1 MHz tracking and autocorrelating the particle's positions within 30µs delays for different indentations, the fluctuations' amplitude, the damping, the mean forces, and the energy profiles were obtained. Remarkably, the uptake energy into a GUV becomes predictable since it increases for smaller fluctuation amplitudes and longer relaxation time. Our observations could be explained by a mathematical model based on continuous suppression of fluctuation modes. Hence, the reduced particle uptake energy for protein-ligand interactions LecA-Gb3 or Biotin-Streptavidin results also from pronounced, low-friction membrane fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yareni A Ayala
- Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Photonics, Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 102, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ramin Omidvar
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Römer
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 19, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Rohrbach
- Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Photonics, Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 102, 79110, Freiburg, Germany. .,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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26
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Lin X, Krishnamoorthy P, Walker EC, Joshi H, Morley SC. Expression of non-phosphorylatable S5A-L-plastin exerts phenotypes distinct from L-plastin deficiency during podosome formation and phagocytosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1020091. [PMID: 37138794 PMCID: PMC10150066 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The actin cytoskeleton remodels to enable diverse processes essential to immunity, such as cell adhesion, migration and phagocytosis. A panoply of actin-binding proteins regulate these rapid rearrangements to induce actin-based shape changes and to generate force. L-plastin (LPL) is a leukocyte-specific, actin-bundling protein that is regulated in part by phosphorylation of the Ser-5 residue. LPL deficiency in macrophages impairs motility, but not phagocytosis; we recently found that expression of LPL in which the S5 residue is converted to a non-phosphorylatable alanine (S5A-LPL) resulted in diminished phagocytosis, but unimpaired motility. Methods: To provide mechanistic insight into these findings, we now compare the formation of podosomes (an adhesive structure) and phagosomes in alveolar macrophages derived from wild-type (WT), LPL-deficient, or S5A-LPL mice. Both podosomes and phagosomes require rapid remodeling of actin, and both are force-transmitting. Actin rearrangement, force generation, and signaling rely upon recruitment of many actin-binding proteins, including the adaptor protein vinculin and the integrin-associated kinase Pyk2. Prior work suggested that vinculin localization to podosomes was independent of LPL, while Pyk2 was displaced by LPL deficiency. We therefore chose to compare vinculin and Pyk2 co-localization with F-actin at sites of adhesion of phagocytosis in AMs derived from WT, S5A-LPL or LPL-/- mice, using Airyscan confocal microscopy. Results: As described previously, podosome stability was significantly disrupted by LPL deficiency. In contrast, LPL was dispensable for phagocytosis and was not recruited to phagosomes. Recruitment of vinculin to sites of phagocytosis was significantly enhanced in cells lacking LPL. Expression of S5A-LPL impeded phagocytosis, with reduced appearance of ingested bacteria-vinculin aggregates. Discussion: Our systematic analysis of the regulation of LPL during podosome vs. phagosome formation illuminates essential remodeling of actin during key immune processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Praveen Krishnamoorthy
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Emma C. Walker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Hemant Joshi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sharon Celeste Morley
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Sharon Celeste Morley,
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27
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Xia Q, Tang Y, Li W, Liang T, Zhou Y, Liu J, Liu F. Surface-Engineered Monocyte Immunotherapy Combined Graphene Quantum Dots Effective Against Solid Tumor Targets. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:2127-2140. [PMID: 37122502 PMCID: PMC10145394 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s404486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) of solid tumors inhibits most drug delivery system-based nanomaterials from achieving deep penetration in tumor tissue and interferes with T cell activity in terms of differentiation and exhaustion, which is becoming a critical therapy hurdle for solid tumors. Therefore, developing a therapeutic strategy with abilities of rapid establishment of tumor-targeted cells, elimination of immune obstacles, and enhanced active immunization is very important, while is still a big challenge. Methods A new strategy was explored to enhance immune therapy via the conjugation of microRNA155 (miR) to the surface of therapeutic monocyte with graphene quantum dots (GQDs). Results TME was reversed using surface-engineered monocyte immunotherapy via reprogramming pro-tumoral M2 TAMs into antitumor M1, and thus tumor elimination was dramatically enhanced. Conclusion Such a surface-engineered monocyte immunotherapy has been demonstrated to be well tolerated to intravenous administration and bio-compatible, showing the potential to be extended for the solid tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xia
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Tang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wang Li
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Liang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feila Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Feila Liu, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-15123002638, Fax +86 2362563190, Email
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28
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Abstract
Immune responses are governed by signals from the tissue microenvironment, and in addition to biochemical signals, mechanical cues and forces arising from the tissue, its extracellular matrix and its constituent cells shape immune cell function. Indeed, changes in biophysical properties of tissue alter the mechanical signals experienced by cells in many disease conditions, in inflammatory states and in the context of ageing. These mechanical cues are converted into biochemical signals through the process of mechanotransduction, and multiple pathways of mechanotransduction have been identified in immune cells. Such pathways impact important cellular functions including cell activation, cytokine production, metabolism, proliferation and trafficking. Changes in tissue mechanics may also represent a new form of 'danger signal' that alerts the innate and adaptive immune systems to the possibility of injury or infection. Tissue mechanics can change temporally during an infection or inflammatory response, offering a novel layer of dynamic immune regulation. Here, we review the emerging field of mechanoimmunology, focusing on how mechanical cues at the scale of the tissue environment regulate immune cell behaviours to initiate, propagate and resolve the immune response.
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29
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Shi J, Wu X, Wang Z, Li F, Meng Y, Moore RM, Cui J, Xue C, Croce KR, Yurdagul A, Doench JG, Li W, Zarbalis KS, Tabas I, Yamamoto A, Zhang H. A genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies WDFY3 as a regulator of macrophage efferocytosis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7929. [PMID: 36566259 PMCID: PMC9789999 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35604-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytic clearance of dying cells, termed efferocytosis, is essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis, yet our understanding of efferocytosis regulation remains incomplete. Here we perform a FACS-based, genome-wide CRISPR knockout screen in primary mouse macrophages to search for novel regulators of efferocytosis. The results show that Wdfy3 knockout in macrophages specifically impairs uptake, but not binding, of apoptotic cells due to defective actin disassembly. Additionally, WDFY3 interacts with GABARAP, thus facilitating LC3 lipidation and subsequent lysosomal acidification to permit the degradation of apoptotic cell components. Mechanistically, while the C-terminus of WDFY3 is sufficient to rescue the impaired degradation induced by Wdfy3 knockout, full-length WDFY3 is required to reconstitute the uptake of apoptotic cells. Finally, WDFY3 is also required for efficient efferocytosis in vivo in mice and in vitro in primary human macrophages. This work thus expands our knowledge of the mechanisms of macrophage efferocytosis, as well as supports genome-wide CRISPR screen as a platform for interrogating complex functional phenotypes in primary macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianting Shi
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xun Wu
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fang Li
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yujiao Meng
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rebecca M Moore
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jian Cui
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chenyi Xue
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine R Croce
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arif Yurdagul
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Konstantinos S Zarbalis
- University of California at Davis, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
- UC Davis MIND Institute, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Ira Tabas
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ai Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hanrui Zhang
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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30
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Francis EA, Xiao H, Teng LH, Heinrich V. Mechanisms of frustrated phagocytic spreading of human neutrophils on antibody-coated surfaces. Biophys J 2022; 121:4714-4728. [PMID: 36242516 PMCID: PMC9748254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex motions of immune cells are an integral part of diapedesis, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and other vital processes. To better understand how immune cells execute such motions, we present a detailed analysis of phagocytic spreading of human neutrophils on flat surfaces functionalized with different densities of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. We visualize the cell-substrate contact region at high resolution and without labels using reflection interference contrast microscopy and quantify how the area, shape, and position of the contact region evolves over time. We find that the likelihood of the cell commitment to spreading strongly depends on the surface density of IgG, but the rate at which the substrate-contact area of spreading cells increases does not. Validated by a theoretical companion study, our results resolve controversial notions about the mechanisms controlling cell spreading, establishing that active forces generated by the cytoskeleton rather than cell-substrate adhesion primarily drive cellular protrusion. Adhesion, on the other hand, aids phagocytic spreading by regulating the cell commitment to spreading, the maximum cell-substrate contact area, and the directional movement of the contact region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmet A Francis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Hugh Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Lay Heng Teng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Volkmar Heinrich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California.
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31
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Hirose H, Maekawa M, Ida H, Kuriyama M, Takahashi Y, Futaki S. A noncanonical endocytic pathway is involved in the internalization of 3 μm polystyrene beads into HeLa cells. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:7093-7102. [PMID: 36326722 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01353c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular fine particles of various sizes and origins can be taken up by cells, affecting their function. Understanding the cellular uptake processes is crucial for understanding the cellular effects of these particles and the development of means to control their internalization. Although macropinocytosis is a possible pathway for the cellular uptake of particles larger than 0.2 μm, its contribution to cellular uptake in non-phagocytic cells is controversial. Using 3 μm polystyrene beads as a model particle, we aimed to assess the detailed modes of their cellular uptake by non-phagocytic HeLa cells. Cellular uptake was assessed using confocal, scanning electron, and scanning ion conductance microscopy analyses, together with inhibitor studies. Our results revealed that 3 μm beads were taken up by HeLa cells by an actin-, cholesterol-, and membrane protrusions-dependent noncanonical endocytic pathway, different from the canonical macropinocytic and phagocytic pathways. Our work provides a framework for studying the cellular uptake of extracellular fine particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisaaki Hirose
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Masashi Maekawa
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ida
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.,The Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan.,Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan.,Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Masashi Kuriyama
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Yasufumi Takahashi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.,WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
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32
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Zihni C, Georgiadis A, Ramsden CM, Sanchez-Heras E, Haas AJ, Nommiste B, Semenyuk O, Bainbridge JWB, Coffey PJ, Smith AJ, Ali RR, Balda MS, Matter K. Spatiotemporal control of actomyosin contractility by MRCKβ signaling drives phagocytosis. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2022; 221:213476. [PMID: 36121394 PMCID: PMC9485704 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202012042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis requires actin dynamics, but whether actomyosin contractility plays a role in this morphodynamic process is unclear. Here, we show that in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), particle binding to Mer Tyrosine Kinase (MerTK), a widely expressed phagocytic receptor, stimulates phosphorylation of the Cdc42 GEF Dbl3, triggering activation of MRCKβ/myosin-II and its coeffector N-WASP, membrane deformation, and cup formation. Continued MRCKβ/myosin-II activity then drives recruitment of a mechanosensing bridge, enabling cytoskeletal force transmission, cup closure, and particle internalization. In vivo, MRCKβ is essential for RPE phagocytosis and retinal integrity. MerTK-independent activation of MRCKβ signaling by a phosphomimetic Dbl3 mutant rescues phagocytosis in retinitis pigmentosa RPE cells lacking functional MerTK. MRCKβ is also required for efficient particle translocation from the cortex into the cell body in Fc receptor–mediated phagocytosis. Thus, conserved MRCKβ signaling at the cortex controls spatiotemporal regulation of actomyosin contractility to guide distinct phases of phagocytosis in the RPE and represents the principle phagocytic effector pathway downstream of MerTK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceniz Zihni
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anastasios Georgiadis
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.,Gene and Cell Therapy Group, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Conor M Ramsden
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Alexis J Haas
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Britta Nommiste
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Olha Semenyuk
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.,Gene and Cell Therapy Group, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - James W B Bainbridge
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.,Gene and Cell Therapy Group, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.,National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Peter J Coffey
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander J Smith
- Gene and Cell Therapy Group, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robin R Ali
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.,Gene and Cell Therapy Group, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.,National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Maria S Balda
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Karl Matter
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
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33
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Vorselen D. Dynamics of phagocytosis mediated by phosphatidylserine. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1281-1291. [PMID: 36281986 PMCID: PMC9704538 DOI: 10.1042/bst20211254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Phagocytosis triggered by the phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) is key for the removal of apoptotic cells in development, tissue homeostasis and infection. Modulation of PS-mediated phagocytosis is an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in the context of atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer. Whereas the mechanisms of target recognition, lipid and protein signalling, and cytoskeletal remodelling in opsonin-driven modes of phagocytosis are increasingly well understood, PS-mediated phagocytosis has remained more elusive. This is partially due to the involvement of a multitude of receptors with at least some redundancy in functioning, which complicates dissecting their contributions and results in complex downstream signalling networks. This review focusses on the receptors involved in PS-recognition, the signalling cascades that connect receptors to cytoskeletal remodelling required for phagocytosis, and recent progress in our understanding of how phagocytic cup formation is coordinated during PS-mediated phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan Vorselen
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, U.S.A
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Liu W, Cronin CG, Cao Z, Wang C, Ruan J, Pulikkot S, Hall A, Sun H, Groisman A, Chen Y, Vella AT, Hu L, Liang BT, Fan Z. Nexinhib20 Inhibits Neutrophil Adhesion and β 2 Integrin Activation by Antagonizing Rac-1-Guanosine 5'-Triphosphate Interaction. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:1574-1585. [PMID: 36165184 PMCID: PMC9529951 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are critical for mediating inflammatory responses. Inhibiting neutrophil recruitment is an attractive approach for preventing inflammatory injuries, including myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, which exacerbates cardiomyocyte death after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction. In this study, we found out that a neutrophil exocytosis inhibitor Nexinhib20 inhibits not only exocytosis but also neutrophil adhesion by limiting β2 integrin activation. Using a microfluidic chamber, we found that Nexinhib20 inhibited IL-8-induced β2 integrin-dependent human neutrophil adhesion under flow. Using a dynamic flow cytometry assay, we discovered that Nexinhib20 suppresses intracellular calcium flux and β2 integrin activation after IL-8 stimulation. Western blots of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac-1)-GTP pull-down assays confirmed that Nexinhib20 inhibited Rac-1 activation in leukocytes. An in vitro competition assay showed that Nexinhib20 antagonized the binding of Rac-1 and GTP. Using a mouse model of myocardial I/R injury, Nexinhib20 administration after ischemia and before reperfusion significantly decreased neutrophil recruitment and infarct size. Our results highlight the translational potential of Nexinhib20 as a dual-functional neutrophil inhibitory drug to prevent myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT
| | - Chunxia G Cronin
- Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT
| | - Ziming Cao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT
| | - Chengliang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT
| | - Jianbin Ruan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT
| | - Sunitha Pulikkot
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT
| | - Alexxus Hall
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Alex Groisman
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yunfeng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT
| | - Liang Hu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Bruce T Liang
- Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT;
| | - Zhichao Fan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT;
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
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35
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Petracchini S, Hamaoui D, Doye A, Asnacios A, Fage F, Vitiello E, Balland M, Janel S, Lafont F, Gupta M, Ladoux B, Gilleron J, Maia TM, Impens F, Gagnoux-Palacios L, Daugaard M, Sorensen PH, Lemichez E, Mettouchi A. Optineurin links Hace1-dependent Rac ubiquitylation to integrin-mediated mechanotransduction to control bacterial invasion and cell division. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6059. [PMID: 36229487 PMCID: PMC9561704 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33803-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) elasticity is perceived by cells via focal adhesion structures, which transduce mechanical cues into chemical signalling to conform cell behavior. Although the contribution of ECM compliance to the control of cell migration or division is extensively studied, little is reported regarding infectious processes. We study this phenomenon with the extraintestinal Escherichia coli pathogen UTI89. We show that UTI89 takes advantage, via its CNF1 toxin, of integrin mechanoactivation to trigger its invasion into cells. We identify the HACE1 E3 ligase-interacting protein Optineurin (OPTN) as a protein regulated by ECM stiffness. Functional analysis establishes a role of OPTN in bacterial invasion and integrin mechanical coupling and for stimulation of HACE1 E3 ligase activity towards the Rac1 GTPase. Consistent with a role of OPTN in cell mechanics, OPTN knockdown cells display defective integrin-mediated traction force buildup, associated with limited cellular invasion by UTI89. Nevertheless, OPTN knockdown cells display strong mechanochemical adhesion signalling, enhanced Rac1 activation and increased cyclin D1 translation, together with enhanced cell proliferation independent of ECM stiffness. Together, our data ascribe a new function to OPTN in mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Petracchini
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, INSERM U1306, Unité des Toxines Bactériennes, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Hamaoui
- grid.462370.40000 0004 0620 5402Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, C3M, Team Microbial Toxins in Host-Pathogen Interactions, Nice, France ,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Anne Doye
- grid.462370.40000 0004 0620 5402Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, C3M, Team Microbial Toxins in Host-Pathogen Interactions, Nice, France ,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Atef Asnacios
- grid.463714.3Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR7057, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Florian Fage
- grid.463714.3Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR7057, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Elisa Vitiello
- grid.462689.70000 0000 9272 9931Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LiPhy, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Martial Balland
- grid.462689.70000 0000 9272 9931Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LiPhy, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sebastien Janel
- grid.410463.40000 0004 0471 8845Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017, CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Frank Lafont
- grid.410463.40000 0004 0471 8845Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017, CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mukund Gupta
- grid.461913.80000 0001 0676 2143Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Benoit Ladoux
- grid.461913.80000 0001 0676 2143Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Jerôme Gilleron
- grid.462370.40000 0004 0620 5402Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, C3M, Team Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France
| | - Teresa M. Maia
- grid.511525.7VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium ,grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium ,grid.11486.3a0000000104788040VIB Proteomics Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Francis Impens
- grid.511525.7VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium ,grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium ,grid.11486.3a0000000104788040VIB Proteomics Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurent Gagnoux-Palacios
- grid.461605.0Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), 06108 Nice, France
| | - Mads Daugaard
- grid.412541.70000 0001 0684 7796Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6 Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Poul H. Sorensen
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3 Canada
| | - Emmanuel Lemichez
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, INSERM U1306, Unité des Toxines Bactériennes, F-75015 Paris, France ,grid.462370.40000 0004 0620 5402Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, C3M, Team Microbial Toxins in Host-Pathogen Interactions, Nice, France ,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Amel Mettouchi
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, INSERM U1306, Unité des Toxines Bactériennes, F-75015 Paris, France ,grid.462370.40000 0004 0620 5402Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, C3M, Team Microbial Toxins in Host-Pathogen Interactions, Nice, France ,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
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36
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Loh JT, Lam KP. Neutrophils in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatic Diseases. RHEUMATOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2022; 3:120-127. [PMID: 36788971 PMCID: PMC9895873 DOI: 10.2478/rir-2022-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV), are a group of auto-inflammatory disorders associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. One unifying feature of these diseases is the presence of abnormal neutrophils exhibiting dysregulated neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, degranulation, and pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion. Moreover, the release of autoantigens associated with NETs promotes the generation of autoantibodies and a breakdown of self-tolerance, thereby perpetuating inflammation and tissue injury in these patients. In recent years, targeted therapies directed at neutrophilic effector functions have shown promising results in the management of rheumatic diseases. In this review, we will highlight the emerging roles of neutrophils in the onset and progression of rheumatic diseases, and further discuss current and future therapeutic approaches targeting the pathogenic functions of neutrophils, which can modulate inflammation and hence improve patients' survival and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Tong Loh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, S138648 Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kong-Peng Lam
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, S138648 Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, S117545 Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Nanyang Technological University, S637551 Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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37
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Torres-Gomez A, Fiyouzi T, Guerra-Espinosa C, Cardeñes B, Clares I, Toribio V, Reche PA, Cabañas C, Lafuente EM. Expression of the phagocytic receptors αMβ2 and αXβ2 is controlled by RIAM, VASP and Vinculin in neutrophil-differentiated HL-60 cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:951280. [PMID: 36238292 PMCID: PMC9552961 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.951280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the integrin phagocytic receptors CR3 (αMβ2, CD11b/CD18) and CR4 (αXβ2, CD11c/CD18) requires Rap1 activation and RIAM function. RIAM controls integrin activation by recruiting Talin to β2 subunits, enabling the Talin-Vinculin interaction, which in term bridges integrins to the actin-cytoskeleton. RIAM also recruits VASP to phagocytic cups and facilitates VASP phosphorylation and function promoting particle internalization. Using a CRISPR-Cas9 knockout approach, we have analyzed the requirement for RIAM, VASP and Vinculin expression in neutrophilic-HL-60 cells. All knockout cells displayed abolished phagocytosis that was accompanied by a significant and specific reduction in ITGAM (αM), ITGAX (αX) and ITGB2 (β2) mRNA, as revealed by RT-qPCR. RIAM, VASP and Vinculin KOs presented reduced cellular F-actin content that correlated with αM expression, as treatment with the actin filament polymerizing and stabilizing drug jasplakinolide, partially restored αM expression. In general, the expression of αX was less responsive to jasplakinolide treatment than αM, indicating that regulatory mechanisms independent of F-actin content may be involved. The Serum Response Factor (SRF) was investigated as the potential transcription factor controlling αMβ2 expression, since its coactivator MRTF-A requires actin polymerization to induce transcription. Immunofluorescent MRTF-A localization in parental cells was primarily nuclear, while in knockouts it exhibited a diffuse cytoplasmic pattern. Localization of FHL-2 (SRF corepressor) was mainly sub-membranous in parental HL-60 cells, but in knockouts the localization was disperse in the cytoplasm and the nucleus, suggesting RIAM, VASP and Vinculin are required to maintain FHL-2 close to cytoplasmic membranes, reducing its nuclear localization and inhibiting its corepressor activity. Finally, reexpression of VASP in the VASP knockout resulted in a complete reversion of the phenotype, as knock-ins restored αM expression. Taken together, our results suggest that RIAM, VASP and Vinculin, are necessary for the correct expression of αMβ2 and αXβ2 during neutrophilic differentiation in the human promyelocytic HL-60 cell line, and strongly point to an involvement of these proteins in the acquisition of a phagocytic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Torres-Gomez
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Inflammatory Diseases and Immune Disorders (Lymphocyte Immunobiology Unit), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Esther M. Lafuente, ; Alvaro Torres-Gomez,
| | - Tara Fiyouzi
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Inflammatory Diseases and Immune Disorders (Lymphocyte Immunobiology Unit), Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Guerra-Espinosa
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cardeñes
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Inflammatory Diseases and Immune Disorders (Lymphocyte Immunobiology Unit), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Clares
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Inflammatory Diseases and Immune Disorders (Lymphocyte Immunobiology Unit), Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Toribio
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program (Cell-Cell Communication and Inflammation Unit), Centre for Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro A. Reche
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Inflammatory Diseases and Immune Disorders (Lymphocyte Immunobiology Unit), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Cabañas
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Inflammatory Diseases and Immune Disorders (Lymphocyte Immunobiology Unit), Madrid, Spain
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program (Cell-Cell Communication and Inflammation Unit), Centre for Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther M. Lafuente
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Inflammatory Diseases and Immune Disorders (Lymphocyte Immunobiology Unit), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Esther M. Lafuente, ; Alvaro Torres-Gomez,
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Kalashnikov N, Moraes C. Engineering physical microenvironments to study innate immune cell biophysics. APL Bioeng 2022; 6:031504. [PMID: 36156981 PMCID: PMC9492295 DOI: 10.1063/5.0098578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity forms the core of the human body's defense system against infection, injury, and foreign objects. It aims to maintain homeostasis by promoting inflammation and then initiating tissue repair, but it can also lead to disease when dysregulated. Although innate immune cells respond to their physical microenvironment and carry out intrinsically mechanical actions such as migration and phagocytosis, we still do not have a complete biophysical description of innate immunity. Here, we review how engineering tools can be used to study innate immune cell biophysics. We first provide an overview of innate immunity from a biophysical perspective, review the biophysical factors that affect the innate immune system, and then explore innate immune cell biophysics in the context of migration, phagocytosis, and phenotype polarization. Throughout the review, we highlight how physical microenvironments can be designed to probe the innate immune system, discuss how biophysical insight gained from these studies can be used to generate a more comprehensive description of innate immunity, and briefly comment on how this insight could be used to develop mechanical immune biomarkers and immunomodulatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Kalashnikov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
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39
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Xiong Y, Li Y, Cui X, Zhang L, Yang X, Liu H. ADAP restraint of STAT1 signaling regulates macrophage phagocytosis in immune thrombocytopenia. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:898-912. [PMID: 35637282 PMCID: PMC9149338 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00881-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heightened platelet phagocytosis by macrophages accompanied by an increase in IFN-γ play key roles in the etiology of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP); however, it remains elusive how macrophage-mediated platelet clearance is regulated in ITP. Here, we report that adhesion and degranulation-protein adaptor protein (ADAP) restrains platelet phagocytosis by macrophages in ITP via modulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1)-FcγR signaling. We show that ITP was associated with the underexpression of ADAP in splenic macrophages. Furthermore, macrophages from Adap-/- mice exhibited elevated platelet phagocytosis and upregulated proinflammatory signaling, and thrombocytopenia in Adap-/- mice was mitigated by the depletion of macrophages. Mechanistically, ADAP interacted and competed with STAT1 binding to importin α5. ADAP deficiency potentiated STAT1 nuclear entry, leading to a selective enhancement of FcγRI/IV transcription in macrophages. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of STAT1 or disruption of the STAT1-importin α5 interaction relieved thrombocytopenia in Adap-/- mice. Thus, our findings not only reveal a critical role for ADAP as an intracellular immune checkpoint for shaping macrophage phagocytosis in ITP but also identify the ADAP-STAT1-importin α5 module as a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Xiong
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yanli Li
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xinxing Cui
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Hebin Liu
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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40
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Krendel M, Gauthier NC. Building the phagocytic cup on an actin scaffold. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2022; 77:102112. [PMID: 35820329 PMCID: PMC10078615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2022.102112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cells ingest large particles, such as bacteria, viruses, or apoptotic cells, via the process of phagocytosis, which involves formation of an actin-rich structure known as the phagocytic cup. Phagocytic cup assembly and closure results from a concerted action of phagocytic receptors, regulators of actin polymerization, and myosin motors. Recent studies using advanced imaging approaches and biophysical techniques have revealed new information regarding phagocytic cup architecture, regulation of actin assembly, and the distribution, direction, and magnitude of the forces produced by the cytoskeletal elements that form the cup. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms leading to the assembly, expansion, and closure of phagocytic cups. The new data show that engulfment and internalization of phagocytic targets rely on several distinct yet complementary mechanisms that support the robust uptake of foreign objects and may be precisely tailored to the demands of specific phagocytic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Krendel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - Nils C Gauthier
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, 20139, Italy
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41
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Li TD, Bieling P, Weichsel J, Mullins RD, Fletcher DA. The molecular mechanism of load adaptation by branched actin networks. eLife 2022; 11:e73145. [PMID: 35748355 PMCID: PMC9328761 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched actin networks are self-assembling molecular motors that move biological membranes and drive many important cellular processes, including phagocytosis, endocytosis, and pseudopod protrusion. When confronted with opposing forces, the growth rate of these networks slows and their density increases, but the stoichiometry of key components does not change. The molecular mechanisms governing this force response are not well understood, so we used single-molecule imaging and AFM cantilever deflection to measure how applied forces affect each step in branched actin network assembly. Although load forces are observed to increase the density of growing filaments, we find that they actually decrease the rate of filament nucleation due to inhibitory interactions between actin filament ends and nucleation promoting factors. The force-induced increase in network density turns out to result from an exponential drop in the rate constant that governs filament capping. The force dependence of filament capping matches that of filament elongation and can be explained by expanding Brownian Ratchet theory to cover both processes. We tested a key prediction of this expanded theory by measuring the force-dependent activity of engineered capping protein variants and found that increasing the size of the capping protein increases its sensitivity to applied forces. In summary, we find that Brownian Ratchets underlie not only the ability of growing actin filaments to generate force but also the ability of branched actin networks to adapt their architecture to changing loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-De Li
- Department of Bioengineering & Biophysics Program, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Division of Biological Systems & Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyUnited States
- Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New YorkNew YorkUnited States
| | - Peter Bieling
- Division of Biological Systems & Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyUnited States
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Julian Weichsel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - R Dyche Mullins
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Daniel A Fletcher
- Department of Bioengineering & Biophysics Program, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Division of Biological Systems & Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyUnited States
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
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42
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Introini V, Govendir MA, Rayner JC, Cicuta P, Bernabeu M. Biophysical Tools and Concepts Enable Understanding of Asexual Blood Stage Malaria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:908241. [PMID: 35711656 PMCID: PMC9192966 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.908241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Forces and mechanical properties of cells and tissues set constraints on biological functions, and are key determinants of human physiology. Changes in cell mechanics may arise from disease, or directly contribute to pathogenesis. Malaria gives many striking examples. Plasmodium parasites, the causative agents of malaria, are single-celled organisms that cannot survive outside their hosts; thus, thost-pathogen interactions are fundamental for parasite’s biological success and to the host response to infection. These interactions are often combinations of biochemical and mechanical factors, but most research focuses on the molecular side. However, Plasmodium infection of human red blood cells leads to changes in their mechanical properties, which has a crucial impact on disease pathogenesis because of the interaction of infected red blood cells with other human tissues through various adhesion mechanisms, which can be probed and modelled with biophysical techniques. Recently, natural polymorphisms affecting red blood cell biomechanics have also been shown to protect human populations, highlighting the potential of understanding biomechanical factors to inform future vaccines and drug development. Here we review biophysical techniques that have revealed new aspects of Plasmodium falciparum invasion of red blood cells and cytoadhesion of infected cells to the host vasculature. These mechanisms occur differently across Plasmodium species and are linked to malaria pathogenesis. We highlight promising techniques from the fields of bioengineering, immunomechanics, and soft matter physics that could be beneficial for studying malaria. Some approaches might also be applied to other phases of the malaria lifecycle and to apicomplexan infections with complex host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Introini
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Viola Introini,
| | - Matt A. Govendir
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julian C. Rayner
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pietro Cicuta
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Bernabeu
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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43
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Hobson CM, Aaron JS. Combining multiple fluorescence imaging techniques in biology: when one microscope is not enough. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:tp1. [PMID: 35549314 PMCID: PMC9265156 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-10-0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While fluorescence microscopy has proven to be an exceedingly useful tool in bioscience, it is difficult to offer simultaneous high resolution, fast speed, large volume, and good biocompatibility in a single imaging technique. Thus, when determining the image data required to quantitatively test a complex biological hypothesis, it often becomes evident that multiple imaging techniques are necessary. Recent years have seen an explosion in development of novel fluorescence microscopy techniques, each of which features a unique suite of capabilities. In this Technical Perspective, we highlight recent studies to illustrate the benefits, and often the necessity, of combining multiple fluorescence microscopy modalities. We provide guidance in choosing optimal technique combinations to effectively address a biological question. Ultimately, we aim to promote a more well-rounded approach in designing fluorescence microscopy experiments, leading to more robust quantitative insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M. Hobson
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147
| | - Jesse S. Aaron
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147
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Wang JC, Yim YI, Wu X, Jaumouille V, Cameron A, Waterman CM, Kehrl JH, Hammer JA. A B-cell actomyosin arc network couples integrin co-stimulation to mechanical force-dependent immune synapse formation. eLife 2022; 11:e72805. [PMID: 35404237 PMCID: PMC9142150 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell activation and immune synapse (IS) formation with membrane-bound antigens are actin-dependent processes that scale positively with the strength of antigen-induced signals. Importantly, ligating the B-cell integrin, LFA-1, with ICAM-1 promotes IS formation when antigen is limiting. Whether the actin cytoskeleton plays a specific role in integrin-dependent IS formation is unknown. Here, we show using super-resolution imaging of mouse primary B cells that LFA-1:ICAM-1 interactions promote the formation of an actomyosin network that dominates the B-cell IS. This network is created by the formin mDia1, organized into concentric, contractile arcs by myosin 2A, and flows inward at the same rate as B-cell receptor (BCR):antigen clusters. Consistently, individual BCR microclusters are swept inward by individual actomyosin arcs. Under conditions where integrin is required for synapse formation, inhibiting myosin impairs synapse formation, as evidenced by reduced antigen centralization, diminished BCR signaling, and defective signaling protein distribution at the synapse. Together, these results argue that a contractile actomyosin arc network plays a key role in the mechanism by which LFA-1 co-stimulation promotes B-cell activation and IS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia C Wang
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Yang-In Yim
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Xufeng Wu
- Light Microscopy Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Valentin Jaumouille
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Andrew Cameron
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Clare M Waterman
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - John H Kehrl
- B Cell Molecular Immunology Section, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - John A Hammer
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
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Paterson N, Lämmermann T. Macrophage network dynamics depend on haptokinesis for optimal local surveillance. eLife 2022; 11:e75354. [PMID: 35343899 PMCID: PMC8963880 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are key immune cells with important roles for tissue surveillance in almost all mammalian organs. Cellular networks made up of many individual macrophages allow for optimal removal of dead cell material and pathogens in tissues. However, the critical determinants that underlie these population responses have not been systematically studied. Here, we investigated how cell shape and the motility of individual cells influences macrophage network responses in 3D culture settings and in mouse tissues. We show that surveying macrophage populations can tolerate lowered actomyosin contractility, but cannot easily compensate for a lack of integrin-mediated adhesion. Although integrins were dispensable for macrophage chemotactic responses, they were crucial to control cell movement and protrusiveness for optimal surveillance by a macrophage population. Our study reveals that β1 integrins are important for maintaining macrophage shape and network sampling efficiency in mammalian tissues, and sets macrophage motility strategies apart from the integrin-independent 3D migration modes of many other immune cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Paterson
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and EpigeneticsFreiburgGermany
- International Max Planck Research School for Immunobiology, Epigenetics and Metabolism (IMPRS-IEM)FreiburgGermany
- Faculty of Biology, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Tim Lämmermann
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and EpigeneticsFreiburgGermany
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Banerjee S, Nara R, Chakraborty S, Chowdhury D, Haldar S. Integrin Regulated Autoimmune Disorders: Understanding the Role of Mechanical Force in Autoimmunity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:852878. [PMID: 35372360 PMCID: PMC8971850 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.852878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of autoimmune disorders is multifactorial, where immune cell migration, adhesion, and lymphocyte activation play crucial roles in its progression. These immune processes are majorly regulated by adhesion molecules at cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell–cell junctions. Integrin, a transmembrane focal adhesion protein, plays an indispensable role in these immune cell mechanisms. Notably, integrin is regulated by mechanical force and exhibit bidirectional force transmission from both the ECM and cytosol, regulating the immune processes. Recently, integrin mechanosensitivity has been reported in different immune cell processes; however, the underlying mechanics of these integrin-mediated mechanical processes in autoimmunity still remains elusive. In this review, we have discussed how integrin-mediated mechanotransduction could be a linchpin factor in the causation and progression of autoimmune disorders. We have provided an insight into how tissue stiffness exhibits a positive correlation with the autoimmune diseases’ prevalence. This provides a plausible connection between mechanical load and autoimmunity. Overall, gaining insight into the role of mechanical force in diverse immune cell processes and their dysregulation during autoimmune disorders will open a new horizon to understand this physiological anomaly.
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Zak A, Dupré-Crochet S, Hudik E, Babataheri A, Barakat AI, Nüsse O, Husson J. Distinct timing of neutrophil spreading and stiffening during phagocytosis. Biophys J 2022; 121:1381-1394. [PMID: 35318004 PMCID: PMC9072703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytic cells form the first line of defense in an organism, engulfing microbial pathogens. Phagocytosis involves cell mechanical changes that are not yet well understood. Understanding these mechanical modifications promises to shed light on the immune processes that trigger pathological complications. Previous studies showed that phagocytes undergo a sequence of spreading events around their target followed by an increase in cell tension. Seemingly in contradiction, other studies observed an increase in cell tension concomitant with membrane expansion. Even though phagocytes are viscoelastic, few studies have quantified viscous changes during phagocytosis. It is also unclear whether cell lines behave mechanically similarly to primary neutrophils. We addressed the question of simultaneous versus sequential spreading and mechanical changes during phagocytosis by using immunoglobulin-G-coated 8- and 20-μm-diameter beads as targets. We used a micropipette-based single-cell rheometer to monitor viscoelastic properties during phagocytosis by both neutrophil-like PLB cells and primary human neutrophils. We show that the faster expansion of PLB cells on larger beads is a geometrical effect reflecting a constant advancing speed of the phagocytic cup. Cells become stiffer on 20- than on 8-μm beads, and the relative timing of spreading and stiffening of PLB cells depends on target size: on larger beads, stiffening starts before maximal spreading area is reached but ends after reaching maximal area. On smaller beads, the stiffness begins to increase after cells have engulfed the bead. Similar to PLB cells, primary cells become stiffer on larger beads but start spreading and stiffen faster, and the stiffening begins before the end of spreading on both bead sizes. Our results show that mechanical changes in phagocytes are not a direct consequence of cell spreading and that models of phagocytosis should be amended to account for causes of cell stiffening other than membrane expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Zak
- LadHyX, CNRS, École polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France; Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Sophie Dupré-Crochet
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Elodie Hudik
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Avin Babataheri
- LadHyX, CNRS, École polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Abdul I Barakat
- LadHyX, CNRS, École polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Oliver Nüsse
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Julien Husson
- LadHyX, CNRS, École polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France.
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Tello-Lafoz M, de Jesus MM, Huse M. Harder, better, faster, stronger: biochemistry and biophysics in the immunosurveillance concert. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:96-105. [PMID: 34973924 PMCID: PMC8810625 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Antitumor immunosurveillance is triggered by immune cell recognition of characteristic biochemical signals on the surfaces of cancer cells. Recent data suggest that the mechanical properties of cancer cells influence the strength of these signals, with physically harder target cells (more rigid) eliciting better, faster, and stronger cytotoxic responses against metastasis. Using analogies to a certain electronic music duo, we argue that the biophysical properties of cancer cells and their environment can adjust the volume and tone of the antitumor immune response. We also consider the potential influence of biomechanics-based immunosurveillance in disease progression and posit that targeting the biophysical properties of cancer cells in concert with their biochemical features could increase the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tello-Lafoz
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miguel M de Jesus
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Morgan Huse
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,Correspondence: (M.H.)
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Jaumouillé V. Measurement of Minute Cellular Forces by Traction Force Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2440:125-139. [PMID: 35218537 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2051-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The ability of living cells to exert forces on their surrounding environment, such as the extracellular matrix (ECM) or neighboring cells, plays an important role in numerous biological processes. This chapter describes a simple protocol to measure forces exerted by living cells using traction force microscopy. This approach is based on the measurement of the deformation of compliant substrates using fluorescent fiducials. It can be implemented using widefield or confocal fluorescent microscopes, and open-source software. This chapter describes a step-by-step protocol to measure forces exerted by focal adhesions bound to the ECM protein fibronectin. However, this framework is versatile and can be easily adapted to a multitude of ligands and cellular processes in which cells exert forces, including the formation of an immunological synapse or a phagocytic cup. Technical considerations, limitations of the approach, and practical advice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Jaumouillé
- Department of Molecular biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
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50
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aVASP boosts protrusive activity of macroendocytic cups and drives phagosome rocketing after internalization. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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