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Dickinson Y, Boehni R, Obeid R, Knapp JP, Moser R, Lewandowski AJ, Douglas G, Leeson P, Channon KM, Chuaiphichai S. Novel Role of 5-Methyl-(6S)-Tetrahydrofolate in Mediating Endothelial Cell Tetrahydrobiopterin in Pregnancy and Implications for Gestational Hypertension. Hypertension 2024; 81:1910-1923. [PMID: 39041246 PMCID: PMC11319083 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.124.22838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Folate intake during pregnancy is essential for fetal development and maternal health. However, the specific effects of folic acid (FA) and 5-methyl-(6S)-tetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) on the prevention and treatment of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy remain unclear. We investigated whether FA and 5-MTHF have different effects on endothelial cell tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) metabolism in pregnancy and the possible consequences for endothelial NO generation, maternal blood pressure, and fetal growth. METHODS We analyzed the maternal blood pressure in pregnant wild-type (Gch1fl/fl) and Gch1fl/fl Tie2cre mice treated with either FA or 5-MTHF starting before pregnancy, mid-pregnancy or late pregnancy. BH4, superoxide, and NO bioavailability were determined in mouse and human models of endothelial cell BH4 deficiency by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS In vitro studies in mouse and human endothelial cells showed that treatment with 5-MTHF, but not FA, elevated BH4 levels, reduced superoxide production, and increased NO synthase activity. In primary endothelial cells isolated from women with hypertensive pregnancies, exposure to 5-MTHF, but not FA, restored the reduction in BH4 levels and NO synthase activity. In vivo studies in mice revealed that oral treatment with 5-MTHF, but not FA, prevented and treated hypertension in pregnancy when administered either before or during pregnancy, respectively, and normalized placental and fetal growth restriction if administered from mid-gestation onward. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these studies identify a critical role for 5-MTHF in endothelial cell function in pregnancy, related to endothelial cell BH4 availability and NO synthase activity. Thus, 5-MTHF represents a novel therapeutic agent that may potentially improve endothelial function in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy by targeting endothelial cell BH4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Dickinson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (Y.D., G.D., K.M.C., S.C.)
| | - Ruth Boehni
- University of Oxford, United Kingdom. Merck & Cie KmG Schaffhausen, Switzerland (R.B., J.-P.K., R.M.)
| | - Rima Obeid
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital Homburg, Saar, Germany (R.O.)
| | - Jean-Pierre Knapp
- University of Oxford, United Kingdom. Merck & Cie KmG Schaffhausen, Switzerland (R.B., J.-P.K., R.M.)
| | - Rudolf Moser
- University of Oxford, United Kingdom. Merck & Cie KmG Schaffhausen, Switzerland (R.B., J.-P.K., R.M.)
| | | | - Gillian Douglas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (Y.D., G.D., K.M.C., S.C.)
| | - Paul Leeson
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (P.L.)
| | - Keith M. Channon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (Y.D., G.D., K.M.C., S.C.)
| | - Surawee Chuaiphichai
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (Y.D., G.D., K.M.C., S.C.)
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Elias-Llumbet A, Sharmin R, Berg-Sorensen K, Schirhagl R, Mzyk A. The Interplay between Mechanoregulation and ROS in Heart Physiology, Disease, and Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400952. [PMID: 38962858 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are currently the most common cause of death in developed countries. Due to lifestyle and environmental factors, this problem is only expected to increase in the future. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a key player in the onset of cardiovascular diseases but also have important functions in healthy cardiac tissue. Here, the interplay between ROS generation and cardiac mechanical forces is shown, and the state of the art and a perspective on future directions are discussed. To this end, an overview of what is currently known regarding ROS and mechanosignaling at a subcellular level is first given. There the role of ROS in mechanosignaling as well as the interplay between both factors in specific organelles is emphasized. The consequences at a larger scale across the population of heart cells are then discussed. Subsequently, the roles of ROS in embryogenesis, pathogenesis, and aging are further discussed, exemplifying some aspects of mechanoregulation. Finally, different models that are currently in use are discussed to study the topics above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Elias-Llumbet
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713AW, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Genomic of Germ Cells, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, Santiago, 1027, Chile
| | - Rokshana Sharmin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713AW, The Netherlands
| | | | - Romana Schirhagl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713AW, The Netherlands
| | - Aldona Mzyk
- DTU Health Tech, Ørsteds Plads Bldg 345C, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
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Maclean KN, Jiang H, Neill PD, Chanin RR, Hurt KJ, Orlicky DJ, Bottiglieri T, Roede JR, Stabler SP. Dysregulation of hepatic one-carbon metabolism in classical homocystinuria: Implications of redox-sensitive DHFR repression and tetrahydrofolate depletion for pathogenesis and treatment. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23795. [PMID: 38984928 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302585r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Cystathionine beta-synthase-deficient homocystinuria (HCU) is a life-threatening disorder of sulfur metabolism. HCU can be treated by using betaine to lower tissue and plasma levels of homocysteine (Hcy). Here, we show that mice with severely elevated Hcy and potentially deficient in the folate species tetrahydrofolate (THF) exhibit a very limited response to betaine indicating that THF plays a critical role in treatment efficacy. Analysis of a mouse model of HCU revealed a 10-fold increase in hepatic levels of 5-methyl -THF and a 30-fold accumulation of formiminoglutamic acid, consistent with a paucity of THF. Neither of these metabolite accumulations were reversed or ameliorated by betaine treatment. Hepatic expression of the THF-generating enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) was significantly repressed in HCU mice and expression was not increased by betaine treatment but appears to be sensitive to cellular redox status. Expression of the DHFR reaction partner thymidylate synthase was also repressed and metabolomic analysis detected widespread alteration of hepatic histidine and glutamine metabolism. Many individuals with HCU exhibit endothelial dysfunction. DHFR plays a key role in nitric oxide (NO) generation due to its role in regenerating oxidized tetrahydrobiopterin, and we observed a significant decrease in plasma NOx (NO2 + NO3) levels in HCU mice. Additional impairment of NO generation may also come from the HCU-mediated induction of the 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid generating cytochrome CYP4A. Collectively, our data shows that HCU induces dysfunctional one-carbon metabolism with the potential to both impair betaine treatment and contribute to multiple aspects of pathogenesis in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth N Maclean
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Philip D Neill
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ryan R Chanin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - K Joseph Hurt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Teodoro Bottiglieri
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - James R Roede
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sally P Stabler
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Xu S, Han X, Wang X, Yu Y, Qu C, Liu X, Yang B. The role of oxidative stress in aortic dissection: a potential therapeutic target. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1410477. [PMID: 39070552 PMCID: PMC11272543 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1410477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of aortic dissection (AD) is steadily increasing, driven by the rising prevalence of chronic conditions such as hypertension and the global aging of the population. Oxidative stress emerges as a pivotal pathophysiological mechanism contributing to the progression of AD. Oxidative stress triggers apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells, reshapes the extracellular matrix (ECM), and governs ECM degradation and remodeling, subsequently impacting aortic compliance. Furthermore, oxidative stress not only facilitates the infiltration of macrophages and mononuclear lymphocytes but also disrupts the integral structure and functionality of endothelial cells, thereby inducing endothelial cell dysfunction and furthering the degeneration of the middle layer of the aortic wall. Investigating antioxidants holds promise as a therapeutic avenue for addressing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueyu Han
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiukun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Kelly KA, Heaps CL, Wu G, Labhasetwar V, Meininger CJ. Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of tetrahydrobiopterin restores endothelial function in diabetic rats. Nitric Oxide 2024; 148:13-22. [PMID: 38642795 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction, underlying the vascular complications of diabetes and other cardiovascular disorders, may result from uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity due to decreased levels of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), a critical co-factor for eNOS. Some clinical trials attempting to deliver exogenous BH4 as a potential therapeutic strategy in vascular disease states have failed due to oxidation of BH4 in the circulation. We sought to develop a means of protecting BH4 from oxidation while delivering it to dysfunctional endothelial cells. Polymeric and solid lipid nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with BH4 were delivered by injection or oral gavage, respectively, to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. BH4 was measured in coronary endothelial cells and endothelium-dependent vascular reactivity was assessed in vascular rings. Lymphatic uptake of orally delivered lipid NPs was verified by sampling mesenteric lymph. BH4-loaded polymeric NPs maintained nitric oxide production by cultured endothelial cells under conditions of oxidative stress. BH4-loaded NPs, delivered via injection or ingestion, increased coronary endothelial BH4 concentration and improved endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in diabetic rats. Pharmacodynamics assessment indicated peak concentration of solid lipid NPs in the systemic bloodstream 6 hours after ingestion, with disappearance noted by 48 hours. These studies support the feasibility of utilizing NPs to deliver BH4 to dysfunctional endothelial cells to increase nitric oxide bioavailability. BH4-loaded NPs could provide an innovative tool to restore redox balance in blood vessels and modulate eNOS-mediated vascular function to reverse or retard vascular disease in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Kelly
- Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Department of Medical Physiology, 8447 Riverside Parkway, Medical Research and Education Building Rm 1341, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Cristine L Heaps
- Texas A&M University School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, 4466 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Department of Medical Physiology, 8447 Riverside Parkway, Medical Research and Education Building Rm 1341, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA; Texas A&M University, Department of Animal Science, Kleberg Center Rm 133, 2471 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, USA
| | - Vinod Labhasetwar
- Lerner Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Mail Code ND20, Cleveland, OH, 44196, USA
| | - Cynthia J Meininger
- Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Department of Medical Physiology, 8447 Riverside Parkway, Medical Research and Education Building Rm 1341, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA.
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Xia W, Zhang M, Liu C, Wang S, Xu A, Xia Z, Pang L, Cai Y. Exploring the therapeutic potential of tetrahydrobiopterin for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A path forward. Life Sci 2024; 345:122594. [PMID: 38537900 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
A large number of patients are affected by classical heart failure (HF) symptomatology with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and multiorgan syndrome. Due to high morbidity and mortality rate, hospitalization and mortality remain serious socioeconomic problems, while the lack of effective pharmacological or device treatment means that HFpEF presents a major unmet medical need. Evidence from clinical and basic studies demonstrates that systemic inflammation, increased oxidative stress, and impaired mitochondrial function are the common pathological mechanisms in HFpEF. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), beyond being an endogenous co-factor for catalyzing the conversion of some essential biomolecules, has the capacity to prevent systemic inflammation, enhance antioxidant resistance, and modulate mitochondrial energy production. Therefore, BH4 has emerged in the last decade as a promising agent to prevent or reverse the progression of disorders such as cardiovascular disease. In this review, we cover the clinical progress and limitations of using downstream targets of nitric oxide (NO) through NO donors, soluble guanylate cyclase activators, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in treating cardiovascular diseases, including HFpEF. We discuss the use of BH4 in association with HFpEF, providing new evidence for its potential use as a pharmacological option for treating HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Xia
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China; Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Pang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China.
| | - Yin Cai
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China; Research Center for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China; Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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7
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Murugesan P, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Chenggong Zong N, Youn JY, Chen W, Wang C, Loscalzo J, Cai H. Reversal of Pulmonary Hypertension in a Human-Like Model: Therapeutic Targeting of Endothelial DHFR. Circ Res 2024; 134:351-370. [PMID: 38299369 PMCID: PMC10880947 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive disorder characterized by remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature and elevated mean pulmonary arterial pressure, resulting in right heart failure. METHODS Here, we show that direct targeting of the endothelium to uncouple eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) with DAHP (2,4-diamino 6-hydroxypyrimidine; an inhibitor of GTP cyclohydrolase 1, the rate-limiting synthetic enzyme for the critical eNOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin) induces human-like, time-dependent progression of PH phenotypes in mice. RESULTS Critical phenotypic features include progressive elevation in mean pulmonary arterial pressure, right ventricular systolic blood pressure, and right ventricle (RV)/left ventricle plus septum (LV+S) weight ratio; extensive vascular remodeling of pulmonary arterioles with increased medial thickness/perivascular collagen deposition and increased expression of PCNA (proliferative cell nuclear antigen) and alpha-actin; markedly increased total and mitochondrial superoxide production, substantially reduced tetrahydrobiopterin and nitric oxide bioavailabilities; and formation of an array of human-like vascular lesions. Intriguingly, novel in-house generated endothelial-specific dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) transgenic mice (tg-EC-DHFR) were completely protected from the pathophysiological and molecular features of PH upon DAHP treatment or hypoxia exposure. Furthermore, DHFR overexpression with a pCMV-DHFR plasmid transfection in mice after initiation of DAHP treatment completely reversed PH phenotypes. DHFR knockout mice spontaneously developed PH at baseline and had no additional deterioration in response to hypoxia, indicating an intrinsic role of DHFR deficiency in causing PH. RNA-sequencing experiments indicated great similarity in gene regulation profiles between the DAHP model and human patients with PH. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results establish a novel human-like murine model of PH that has long been lacking in the field, which can be broadly used for future mechanistic and translational studies. These data also indicate that targeting endothelial DHFR deficiency represents a novel and robust therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Murugesan
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (P.M., Y.Z., Y.H., N.C.Z., J.Y.Y., H.C.)
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (P.M., Y.Z., Y.H., N.C.Z., J.Y.Y., H.C.)
| | - Yuanli Huang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (P.M., Y.Z., Y.H., N.C.Z., J.Y.Y., H.C.)
| | - Nobel Chenggong Zong
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (P.M., Y.Z., Y.H., N.C.Z., J.Y.Y., H.C.)
| | - Ji Youn Youn
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (P.M., Y.Z., Y.H., N.C.Z., J.Y.Y., H.C.)
| | - Wenhui Chen
- Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing (W.C., C.W.)
| | - Chen Wang
- Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing (W.C., C.W.)
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.L.)
| | - Hua Cai
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (P.M., Y.Z., Y.H., N.C.Z., J.Y.Y., H.C.)
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Song X, Li D, Gan L, Xiong X, Nie A, Zhao H, Hu Y, Li G, Guo J. Intravenous Injection of Na Ions Aggravates Ang II-Induced Hypertension-Related Vascular Endothelial Injury by Increasing Transmembrane Osmotic Pressure. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7505-7521. [PMID: 38106448 PMCID: PMC10723192 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s435144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Extracellular protein nanoparticles (PNs) and ions perform synergistical functions in the control of transmembrane osmotic pressure (OP) under isotonic conditions. Intravenous injection may disrupt the ion balance and alter PN levels in blood plasma, changing transmembrane OP and damaging vascular endothelial cells. Methods Na ions were injected into AngII-induced HUVECs to simulate cell injury in vitro, and tail vein infusion of Na ions into hypertensive rats was performed to assess vascular damage. Optical measurements using an intermediate filament (IF) tension probe were conducted to detect indicators related to transmembrane OP. Immunofluorescence, Western blotting and small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection were employed to investigate inflammasomes and the relationship between Abl2 and inflammation. Results Electrolyte injections with sodium ions (but not glucose and hydroxyethyl starch) induced the production of ASC and NLRP3 inflammasomes in Ang II-induced HUVECs; this in turn resulted in the disorder of calcium signals, and changes in transmembrane OP and cell permeability. Moreover, injection of Na ions into Ang II-induced HUVECs activated the mechanosensitive protein Abl2, involved in inflammation-induced transmembrane OP changes. A drug combination was identified that could induce OP recovery and block hyperpermeability induced by cytoplasmic inflammatory corpuscles in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion Changes in extracellular PNs and ions following chemical stimuli (Ang II) participate in the regulation of transmembrane OP. Furthermore, injection of Na ions causes vascular endothelial injury in Ang II-induced cells in vitro and hypertension rats in vivo, suggesting it is not safe for hypertensive patients, and we propose a new drug combination as a solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianrui Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Danyang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingling Gan
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiyu Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aobo Nie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- Basic Medical Experiment Center, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangming Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huaian First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, 223001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People’s Republic of China
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Hao T, Ji G, Qian M, Li QX, Huang H, Deng S, Liu P, Deng W, Wei Y, He J, Wang S, Gao W, Li T, Cheng J, Tian J, Pan L, Gao F, Li Z, Zhao Q. Intracellular delivery of nitric oxide enhances the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells for myocardial infarction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi9967. [PMID: 38019911 PMCID: PMC10686553 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi9967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell therapy by autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a clinically acceptable strategy for treating various diseases. Unfortunately, the therapeutic efficacy is largely affected by the low quality of MSCs collected from patients. Here, we showed that the gene expression of MSCs from patients with diabetes was differentially regulated compared to that of MSCs from healthy controls. Then, MSCs were genetically engineered to catalyze an NO prodrug to release NO intracellularly. Compared to extracellular NO conversion, intracellular NO delivery effectively prolonged survival and enhanced the paracrine function of MSCs, as demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo assays. The enhanced therapeutic efficacy of engineered MSCs combined with intracellular NO delivery was further confirmed in mouse and rat models of myocardial infarction, and a clinically relevant cell administration paradigm through secondary thoracotomy has been attempted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guangbo Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Meng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qiu Xuan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyan Huang
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shiyu Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics of Education Ministry, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Pei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Weiliang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yongzhen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ju He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Shusen Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenqing Gao
- Department of Heart Center, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Heart Center, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiansong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Jinwei Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Leiting Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics of Education Ministry, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zongjin Li
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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10
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Li H, Zhang Q. Research Progress of Flavonoids Regulating Endothelial Function. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1201. [PMID: 37765009 PMCID: PMC10534649 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelium, as the guardian of vascular homeostasis, is closely related to the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). As an early marker of the development of a series of vascular diseases, endothelial dysfunction is often accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Natural flavonoids in fruits, vegetables, and Chinese herbal medicines have been shown to induce and regulate endothelial cells and exert anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-aging effects in a large number of in vitro models and in vivo experiments so as to achieve the prevention and improvement of cardiovascular disease. Focusing on endothelial mediation, this paper introduces the signaling pathways involved in the improvement of endothelial dysfunction by common dietary and flavonoids in traditional Chinese medicine and describes them based on their metabolism in the human body and their relationship with the intestinal flora. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the broad pharmacological activity and target development potential of flavonoids as food supplements and drug components in regulating endothelial function and thus in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This paper also introduces the application of some new nanoparticle carriers in order to improve their bioavailability in the human body and play a broader role in vascular protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qi Zhang
- The Basic Medical College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China;
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11
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Douglass MS, Kaplowitz MR, Zhang Y, Fike CD. Impact of l-citrulline on nitric oxide signaling and arginase activity in hypoxic human pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Pulm Circ 2023; 13:e12221. [PMID: 37063746 PMCID: PMC10091859 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired nitric oxide (NO) signaling contributes to the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). The l-arginine precursor, l-citrulline, improves NO signaling and has therapeutic potential in PH. However, there is evidence that l-citrulline might increase arginase activity, which in turn, has been shown to contribute to PH. Our major purpose was to determine if l-citrulline increases arginase activity in hypoxic human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs). In addition, to avoid potential adverse effects from high dose l-citrulline monotherapy, we evaluated whether the effect on NO signaling is greater using co-treatment with l-citrulline and another agent that improves NO signaling, folic acid, than either alone. Arginase activity was measured in human PAECs cultured under hypoxic conditions in the presence of l-citrulline (0-1 mM). NO production and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) coupling, as assessed by eNOS dimer-to-monomer ratios, were measured in PAECs treated with l-citrulline and/or folic acid (0.2 μM). Arginase activity increased in hypoxic PAECs treated with 1 mM but not with either 0.05 or 0.1 mM l-citrulline. Co-treatment with folic acid and 0.1 mM l-citrulline increased NO production and eNOS dimer-to-monomer ratios more than treatment with either alone. The potential to increase arginase activity suggests that there might be plasma l-citrulline concentrations that should not be exceeded when using l-citrulline to treat PH. Rather than progressively increasing the dose of l-citrulline as a monotherapy, co-therapy with l-citrulline and folic acid merits consideration, due to the possibility of achieving efficacy at lower doses and minimizing side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yongmei Zhang
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Candice D. Fike
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
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12
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Miao SH, Gao SQ, Li HX, Zhuang YS, Wang X, Li T, Gao CC, Han YL, Qiu JY, Zhou ML. Increased NOX2 expression in astrocytes leads to eNOS uncoupling through dihydrofolate reductase in endothelial cells after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1121944. [PMID: 37063365 PMCID: PMC10097896 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1121944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionEndothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling plays a significant role in acute vasoconstriction during early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Astrocytes in the neurovascular unit extend their foot processes around endothelia. In our study, we tested the hypothesis that increased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2) expression in astrocytes after SAH leads to eNOS uncoupling.MethodsWe utilized laser speckle contrast imaging for monitoring cortical blood flow changes in mice, nitric oxide (NO) kits to measure the level of NO, and a co-culture system to study the effect of astrocytes on endothelial cells. Moreover, the protein levels were assessed by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. We used CCK-8 to measure the viability of astrocytes and endothelial cells, and we used the H2O2 kit to measure the H2O2 released from astrocytes. We used GSK2795039 as an inhibitor of NOX2, whereas lentivirus and adeno-associated virus were used for dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) knockdown in vivo and in vitro.ResultsThe expression of NOX2 and the release of H2O2 in astrocytes are increased, which was accompanied by a decrease in endothelial DHFR 12 h after SAH. Moreover, the eNOS monomer/dimer ratio increased, leading to a decrease in NO and acute cerebral ischemia. All of the above were significantly alleviated after the administration of GSK2795039. However, after knocking down DHFR both in vivo and in vitro, the protective effect of GSK2795039 was greatly reversed.DiscussionThe increased level of NOX2 in astrocytes contributes to decreased DHFR in endothelial cells, thus aggravating eNOS uncoupling, which is an essential mechanism underlying acute vasoconstriction after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hao Miao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng-Qing Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Xin Li
- Department of Gynecology, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun-Song Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao-Chao Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Ling Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Yin Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng-Liang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Meng-Liang Zhou,
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13
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Janaszak-Jasiecka A, Płoska A, Wierońska JM, Dobrucki LW, Kalinowski L. Endothelial dysfunction due to eNOS uncoupling: molecular mechanisms as potential therapeutic targets. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:21. [PMID: 36890458 PMCID: PMC9996905 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00423-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most important molecules released by endothelial cells, and its antiatherogenic properties support cardiovascular homeostasis. Diminished NO bioavailability is a common hallmark of endothelial dysfunction underlying the pathogenesis of the cardiovascular disease. Vascular NO is synthesized by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) from the substrate L-arginine (L-Arg), with tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) as an essential cofactor. Cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, aging, or smoking increase vascular oxidative stress that strongly affects eNOS activity and leads to eNOS uncoupling. Uncoupled eNOS produces superoxide anion (O2-) instead of NO, thus becoming a source of harmful free radicals exacerbating the oxidative stress further. eNOS uncoupling is thought to be one of the major underlying causes of endothelial dysfunction observed in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Here, we discuss the main mechanisms of eNOS uncoupling, including oxidative depletion of the critical eNOS cofactor BH4, deficiency of eNOS substrate L-Arg, or accumulation of its analog asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA), and eNOS S-glutathionylation. Moreover, potential therapeutic approaches that prevent eNOS uncoupling by improving cofactor availability, restoration of L-Arg/ADMA ratio, or modulation of eNOS S-glutathionylation are briefly outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Janaszak-Jasiecka
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.Pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Płoska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.Pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna M Wierońska
- Department of Neurobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Lawrence W Dobrucki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.Pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N Mathews Ave, MC-251, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.Pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland. .,BioTechMed Centre, Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland.
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14
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Wang Y, Ding M, Chi J, Wang T, Zhang Y, Li Z, Li Q. Based on network pharmacology and bioinformatics to analyze the mechanism of action of Astragalus membranaceus in the treatment of vitiligo and COVID-19. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3884. [PMID: 36890149 PMCID: PMC9993359 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29207-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly around the world. However, the treatment of vitiligo combined with COVID-19 has not been reported. Astragalus membranaceus (AM) has a therapeutic effect on patients with vitiligo and COVID-19. This study aims to discover its possible therapeutic mechanisms and provide potential drug targets. Using the Chinese Medicine System Pharmacological Database (TCMSP), GEO database and Genecards websites and other databases, AM target, vitiligo disease target, and COVID-19 related gene set were established. Then find the crossover genes by taking the intersection. Then use GO, KEGG enrichment analysis, and PPI network to discover its underlying mechanism. Finally, by importing drugs, active ingredients, crossover genes, and enriched signal pathways into Cytoscape software, a "drug-active ingredient-target signal pathway-" network is constructed. TCMSP screened and obtained 33 active ingredients including baicalein (MOL002714), NEOBAICALEIN (MOL002934), Skullcapflavone II (MOL002927), and wogonin (MOL000173), which acted on 448 potential targets. 1166 differentially expressed genes for vitiligo were screened by GEO. CIVID-19 related genes were screened by Genecards. Then by taking the intersection, a total of 10 crossover genes (PTGS2, CDK1, STAT1, BCL2L1, SCARB1, HIF1A, NAE1, PLA2G4A, HSP90AA1, and HSP90B1) were obtained. KEGG analysis found that it was mainly enriched in signaling pathways such as IL-17 signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation, Necroptosis, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. Five core targets (PTGS2, STAT1, BCL2L1, HIF1A, and HSP90AA1) were obtained by analyzing the PPI network. The network of "active ingredients-crossover genes" was constructed by Cytoscape, and the 5 main active ingredients acting on the 5 core crossover genes acacetin, wogonin, baicalein, bis2S)-2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate and 5,2'-Dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxyflavone. The core crossover genes obtained by PPI and the core crossover genes obtained by the "active ingredient-crossover gene" network are intersected to obtain the three most important core genes (PTGS2, STAT1, HSP90AA1). AM may act on PTGS2, STAT1, HSP90AA1, etc. through active components such as acacetin, wogonin, baicalein, bis2S)-2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate and 5,2'-Dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxyflavone to activate IL-17 signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation, Necroptosis, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection, and VEGF signaling pathway and other signaling pathways to achieve the effect of treating vitiligo and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojun Wang
- Graduate School, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China.,Department of Dermatology, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Ming Ding
- The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Department of Dermatology, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jiaoni Chi
- The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Department of Dermatology, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Tao Wang
- The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Department of Dermatology, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- Graduate School, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Qiang Li
- The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China. .,Department of Dermatology, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, 100142, China.
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15
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Niu H, Liu J, O'Connor HM, Gunnlaugsson T, James TD, Zhang H. Photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) based fluorescent probes for cellular imaging and disease therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2322-2357. [PMID: 36811891 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01097b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Typical PeT-based fluorescent probes are multi-component systems where a fluorophore is connected to a recognition/activating group by an unconjugated linker. PeT-based fluorescent probes are powerful tools for cell imaging and disease diagnosis due to their low fluorescence background and significant fluorescence enhancement towards the target. This review provides research progress towards PeT-based fluorescent probes that target cell polarity, pH and biological species (reactive oxygen species, biothiols, biomacromolecules, etc.) over the last five years. In particular, we emphasise the molecular design strategies, mechanisms, and application of these probes. As such, this review aims to provide guidance and to enable researchers to develop new and improved PeT-based fluorescent probes, as well as promoting the use of PeT-based systems for sensing, imaging, and disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Niu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Junwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Helen M O'Connor
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Tony D James
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
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16
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Kamal MV, Rao M, Damerla RR, Pai A, Sharan K, Palod A, Shetty PS, Usman N, Kumar NAN. A Mechanistic Review of Methotrexate and Celecoxib as a Potential Metronomic Chemotherapy for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Invest 2023; 41:144-154. [PMID: 36269850 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2022.2139840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The combination of low-dose methotrexate and celecoxib as metronomic chemotherapy (MCT) is a novel therapy, believed to act by modulating the immune response, inhibiting angiogenesis and its cytotoxic action, though the exact mechanism of action is unclear. Clinically, MCT was found to be very effective in delaying tumor progression in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in both curative and palliative settings. This review was aimed to give a brief insight into the mechanism of action and potential molecular alterations of MCT in the treatment of oral cancers taking into consideration the various in vivo and in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehta Vedant Kamal
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Mahadev Rao
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Rama Rao Damerla
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Ananth Pai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Krishan Sharan
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Akhil Palod
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Preethi S Shetty
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Nawaz Usman
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Naveena A N Kumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
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17
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Majid S, Weisbrod RM, Fetterman JL, Keith RJ, Rizvi SHM, Zhou Y, Behrooz L, Robertson RM, Bhatnagar A, Conklin DJ, Hamburg NM. Pod-based e-liquids impair human vascular endothelial cell function. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280674. [PMID: 36701344 PMCID: PMC9879485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pod-based electronic (e-) cigarettes more efficiently deliver nicotine using a protonated formulation. The cardiovascular effects associated with these devices are poorly understood. We evaluated whether pod-based e-liquids and their individual components impair endothelial cell function. We isolated endothelial cells from people who are pod users (n = 10), tobacco never users (n = 7), and combustible cigarette users (n = 6). After a structured use, pod users had lower acetylcholine-mediated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation compared with never users and was similar to levels from combustible cigarette users (overall P = 0.008, P = 0.01 pod vs never; P = 0.96 pod vs combustible cigarette). The effects of pod-based e-cigarettes and their constituents on vascular cell function were further studied in commercially available human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) incubated with flavored JUUL e-liquids or propylene glycol (PG):vegetable glycerol (VG) at 30:70 ratio with or without 60 mg/mL nicotine salt for 90 min. A progressive increase in cell death with JUUL e-liquid exposure was observed across 0.0001-1% dilutions; PG:VG vehicle with and without nicotine salt induced cell death. A23187-stimulated nitric oxide production was decreased with all JUUL e-liquid flavors, PG:VG and nicotine salt exposures. Aerosols generated by JUUL e-liquid heating similarly decreased stimulated nitric oxide production. Only mint flavored e-liquids increased inflammation and menthol flavored e-liquids enhanced oxidative stress in HAECs. In conclusion, pod e-liquids and their individual components appear to impair endothelial cell function. These findings indicate the potential harm of pod-based devices on endothelial cell function and thus may be relevant to cardiovascular injury in pod type e-cigarette users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Majid
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Weisbrod
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jessica L. Fetterman
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Rachel J. Keith
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Syed H. M. Rizvi
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Yuxiang Zhou
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Leili Behrooz
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Conklin
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Naomi M. Hamburg
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
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18
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Chen G, Zhang L, Van Schepdael A, Wang X. Recent Advances in Activation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase by Natural Products: An Effects and Mechanisms Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2023.2166061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangxuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Ann Van Schepdael
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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19
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Pang ZD, Sun X, Bai RY, Han MZ, Zhang YJ, Wu W, Zhang Y, Lai BC, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Du XJ, Deng XL. YAP-galectin-3 signaling mediates endothelial dysfunction in angiotensin II-induced hypertension in mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:38. [PMID: 36629913 PMCID: PMC11072047 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04623-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial dysfunction is regarded as an early event of hypertension. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is known to participate in various pathological processes. Whilst previous studies showed that inhibition of Gal-3 effectively ameliorates angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced atherosclerosis or hypertension, it remains unclear whether Ang II regulates Gal-3 expression and actions in vascular endothelium. METHODS Using techniques of molecular biology and myograph, we investigated Ang II-mediated changes in Gal-3 expression and activity in thoracic aortas and mesenteric arteries from wild-type and Gal-3 gene deleted (Gal-3-/-) mice and cultured endothelial cells. RESULTS The serum level of Gal-3 was significantly higher in hypertensive patients or in mice with chronic Ang II-infusion. Ang II infusion to wild-type mice enhanced Gal-3 expression in the aortic and mesenteric arteries, elevated systolic blood pressure and impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation of the thoracic aortas and mesenteric arteries, changes that were abolished in Gal-3-/- mice. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells, Ang II significantly upregulated Gal-3 expression by promoting nuclear localization of Yes-associated protein (YAP) and its interaction with transcription factor Tead1 with enhanced YAP/Tead1 binding to Gal-3 gene promoter region. Furthermore, Gal-3 deletion augmented the bioavailability of nitric oxide, suppressed oxidative stress, and alleviated inflammation in the thoracic aorta of Ang II-infused mice or endothelial cells exposed to Ang II. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate for the first time that Ang II upregulates Gal-3 expression via increment in YAP nuclear localization in vascular endothelium, and that Gal-3 mediates endothelial dysfunction contributing to the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Da Pang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xia Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- School of Basic and Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, 1 Xinwang Road, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ru-Yue Bai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng-Zhuan Han
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong-Jian Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bao-Chang Lai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiu-Ling Deng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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20
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Liu J, Du X, Yao Q, Jiang T, Cui Q, Xie X, Zhao Z, Lai B, Wang N, Xiao L. Procyanidin B2 ameliorates endothelial dysfunction induced by nicotine via the induction of tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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21
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Zhang Y, Siu KL, Li Q, Howard-Quijano K, Scovotti J, Mahajan A, Cai H. Diagnostic and predictive values of circulating tetrahydrobiopterin levels as a novel biomarker in patients with thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms. Redox Biol 2022; 56:102444. [PMID: 36116158 PMCID: PMC9486112 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that circulating levels of tetrahydrobiopterin (H4B) function as a robust biomarker for aortic aneurysms in several independent animal models. In the present study, we examined diagnostic and predictive values of circulating H4B levels in human patients of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) for the first time, while clinically applicable biomarkers for aortic aneurysms have never been previously available. Ninety-five patients scheduled for TAA repair surgeries and 53 control subjects were recruited at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Ronald Regan Medical Center, while 44 control subjects and 29 AAA patients were recruited through National Institute of Health (NIH) National Disease Research Interchange (NDRI) program. We had intriguing observations that circulating H4B levels were substantially lower in TAA and AAA patients, linearly correlated with aortic H4B levels (blood: R = 0.8071, p < 0.0001, n = 75; plasma: R = 0.7983, p < 0.0001, n = 75), and associated with incidence of TAA (blood: adjusted OR 0.495; 95% CI 0.379-0.647; p < 0.001; plasma: adjusted OR 0.501; 95% CI 0.385-0.652; p < 0.001) or AAA (blood: adjusted OR 0.329; 95% CI 0.125-0.868; p = 0.025) after adjustment for other factors. Blood or plasma H4B levels below 0.2 pmol/μg serve as an important threshold for prediction of aortic aneurysms independent of age and gender (for TAA risk - blood: adjusted OR 419.67; 95% CI 59.191-2975.540; p < 0.001; plasma: adjusted OR 206.11; 95% CI 40.956-1037.279; p < 0.001). This threshold was also significantly associated with incidence of AAA (p < 0.001 by Chi-square analysis). In addition, we observed previously unrecognized inverse association of Statin use with TAA, and an association of AAA with arrhythmia. Taken together, our data strongly demonstrate for the first time that circulating H4B levels can serve as a first-in-class, sensitive, robust and independent biomarker for clinical diagnosis and prediction of TAA and AAA in human patients, which can be rapidly translated to bedside to fundamentally improve clinical management of the devastating human disease of aortic aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Zhang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Kin Lung Siu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Qiang Li
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Kimberly Howard-Quijano
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA
| | - Jennifer Scovotti
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Aman Mahajan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA
| | - Hua Cai
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA.
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22
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Youn JY, Wang J, Li Q, Huang K, Cai H. Robust therapeutic effects on COVID-19 of novel small molecules: Alleviation of SARS-CoV-2 S protein induction of ACE2/TMPRSS2, NOX2/ROS, and MCP-1. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:957340. [PMID: 36187008 PMCID: PMC9520320 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.957340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) constantly emerge to prolong the pandemic of COVID-19, robust and safe therapeutics are in urgent need. During the previous and ongoing fight against the pandemic in China, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has proven to be markedly effective in treating COVID-19. Among active ingredients of TCM recipes, small molecules such as quercetin, glabridin, gallic acid, and chrysoeriol have been predicted to target viral receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) via system pharmacology/molecular docking/visualization analyses. Of note, endothelial dysfunction induced by oxidative stress and inflammation represents a critical mediator of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ injuries in patients with COVID-19. Hence, in the present study, we examined whether quercetin, glabridin, gallic acide and chrysoeriol regulate viral receptors of ACE2 and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), redox modulator NADPH oxidase isoform 2 (NOX2), and inflammatory protein of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in endothelial cells to mediate therapeutic protection against COVID-19. Indeed, quercetin, glabridin, gallic acide and chrysoeriol completely attenuated SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S protein)-induced upregulation in ACE2 protein expression in endothelial cells. In addition, these small molecules abolished S protein upregulation of cleaved/active form of TMPRSS2, while native TMPRSS2 was not significantly regulated. Moreover, these small molecules completely abrogated S protein-induced upregulation in NOX2 protein expression, which resulted in alleviated superoxide production, confirming their preventive efficacies against S protein-induced oxidative stress in endothelial cells. In addition, treatment with these small molecules abolished S protein induction of MCP-1 expression. Collectively, our findings for the first time demonstrate that these novel small molecules may be used as novel and robust therapeutic options for the treatment of patients with COVID-19, via effective attenuation of S protein induction of endothelial oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Youn Youn
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United State
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United State
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kai Huang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United State
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hua Cai
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United State
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Hua Cai,
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23
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Murugesan P, Zhang Y, Youn JY, Cai H. Novel and robust treatment of pulmonary hypertension with netrin-1 and netrin-1-derived small peptides. Redox Biol 2022; 55:102348. [PMID: 35830752 PMCID: PMC9287481 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited medical therapies have been implemented for the treatment of the devastating cardiorespiratory disease of pulmonary hypertension (PH) while none of which is sufficiently effective to stop or regress development of PH. We have previously shown that netrin-1, an axon-guiding protein during development, protects against ischemia reperfusion injury induced myocardial infarction via modest and stable production of nitric oxide (NO) and attenuation of oxidative stress. Since NO deficiency and oxidative stress-mediated vascular remodeling play important roles in the pathogenesis of PH, our present study investigated therapeutic effects on PH of netrin-1 and its derived small peptides. Infused into mice for 3 weeks during exposure to hypoxia, netrin-1 and netrin-1 derived small peptides V1, V2 or V3 substantially alleviated pathophysiological and molecular features of PH, as indicated by abrogated increases in mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), attenuated right ventricular hypertrophy, diminished vascular remodeling of medial thickening and upregulation in smooth muscle alpha-actin (SMA) and proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and alleviated perivascular and peribronchial fibrosis reflected by collagen deposition. NO bioavailability was substantially improved by treatment with netrin-1 and netrin-1 derived small peptides, while hypoxia induced increases in total superoxide production and eNOS uncoupling activity were all attenuated. These dual mechanisms of increasing NO bioavailability and decreasing oxidative stress at the same time, underlie robust protective effects on PH of netrin-1 and its derived small peptides, which are different from existing medications that primarily target NO signaling alone. Our data for the first time demonstrate intriguing findings that netrin-1 and netrin-1 derived small peptides can be used as novel and robust therapeutics for the treatment of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Murugesan
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, United States
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, United States
| | - Ji Youn Youn
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, United States
| | - Hua Cai
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, United States.
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Handy DE, Loscalzo J. The role of glutathione peroxidase-1 in health and disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:146-161. [PMID: 35691509 PMCID: PMC9586416 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) is an important cellular antioxidant enzyme that is found in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of mammalian cells. Like most selenoenzymes, it has a single redox-sensitive selenocysteine amino acid that is important for the enzymatic reduction of hydrogen peroxide and soluble lipid hydroperoxides. Glutathione provides the source of reducing equivalents for its function. As an antioxidant enzyme, GPx1 modulates the balance between necessary and harmful levels of reactive oxygen species. In this review, we discuss how selenium availability and modifiers of selenocysteine incorporation alter GPx1 expression to promote disease states. We review the role of GPx1 in cardiovascular and metabolic health, provide examples of how GPx1 modulates stroke and provides neuroprotection, and consider how GPx1 may contribute to cancer risk. Overall, GPx1 is protective against the development and progression of many chronic diseases; however, there are some situations in which increased expression of GPx1 may promote cellular dysfunction and disease owing to its removal of essential reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane E Handy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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25
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Zhao W, Yao M, Zhang Y, Xiong D, Dai G, Zhang J, Cao Y, Li H. Endothelial cyclin I reduces vulnerability to angiotensin II-induced vascular remodeling and abdominal aortic aneurysm risk. Microvasc Res 2022; 142:104348. [PMID: 35245516 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoblastoma protein (Rb) supports vasoprotective E2F Transcription Factor 1 (E2f1)/Dihydrofolate Reductase (Dhfr) pathway activity in endothelial cells. Cyclin I (Ccni) promotes Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-5 (Cdk5)-mediated Rb phosphorylation. Therefore, we hypothesized that endothelial Ccni may regulate cardiovascular homeostasis, vessel remodeling, and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation. METHODS Aortic CCNI mRNA expression was analyzed in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) GSE57691 cohort consisting of AAA patients (n = 39) and healthy controls (n = 10). We employed wild-type (WT) mice and endothelial Ccni knockout (Ccnifl/flTie2-Cre) mice to conduct in vivo and ex vivo experimentation using an Angiotensin (Ang) II hypertension model and a CaCl2 AAA model. Mice were assessed for Rb/E2f1/Dhfr signaling, biopterin (i.e., biopterin [B], dihydrobiopterin [BH2], and tetrahydrobiopterin [BH4]) production, cardiovascular homeostasis, vessel remodeling, and AAA formation. RESULTS Aortic CCNI mRNA expression was downregulated in AAA patients. Both Ang II- and CaCl2-induced WT mice showed aortic Ccni upregulation coupled with vasculoprotective upregulation of Rb/E2f1/Dhfr signaling and biopterins. Endothelial Ccni knockout downregulated medial Rb/E2f1/Dhfr signaling and biopterins in Ang II-induced hypertensive mice, which exacerbated eNos uncoupling and H2O2 production. Endothelial Ccni knockout impaired in vivo hemodynamic responses and endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in ex vivo mesenteric arteries in response to Ang II. Endothelial Ccni knockout exacerbated mesenteric artery remodeling and AAA risk in response to Ang II and CaCl2. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial Ccni acts as a critical negative regulator of eNos uncoupling-mediated ROS generation and thereby reduces vulnerability to hypertension-induced vascular remodeling and AAA development in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Mengyu Yao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yunyi Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Da Xiong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Guolin Dai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinpin Zhang
- Department of Hematopathology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Hongrong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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26
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Measurement of Tetrahydrobiopterin in Animal Tissue Samples by HPLC with Electrochemical Detection-Protocol Optimization and Pitfalls. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061182. [PMID: 35740082 PMCID: PMC9228106 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an essential cofactor of all nitric oxide synthase isoforms, thus determination of BH4 levels can provide important mechanistic insight into diseases. We established a protocol for high-performance liquid chromatography/electrochemical detection (HPLC/ECD)-based determination of BH4 in tissue samples. We first determined the optimal storage and work-up conditions for authentic BH4 and its oxidation product dihydrobiopterin (BH2) under various conditions (pH, temperature, presence of antioxidants, metal chelators, and storage time). We then applied optimized protocols for detection of BH4 in tissues of septic (induced by lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) rats. BH4 standards in HCl are stabilized by addition of 1,4-dithioerythritol (DTE) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), while HCl was sufficient for BH2 standard stabilization. Overnight storage of BH4 standard solutions at room temperature in HCl without antioxidants caused complete loss of BH4 and the formation of BH2. We further optimized the protocol to separate ascorbate and the BH4 tissue sample and found a significant increase in BH4 in the heart and kidney as well as higher BH4 levels by trend in the brain of septic rats compared to control rats. These findings correspond to reports on augmented nitric oxide and BH4 levels in both animals and patients with septic shock.
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27
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Yin and Yang of NADPH Oxidases in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061069. [PMID: 35739967 PMCID: PMC9220061 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is critically involved in the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemic-reperfusion (I/R) injury. NADPH oxidase (Nox) 2 and 4, major sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardiomyocytes, are upregulated in response to I/R. Suppression of Nox-derived ROS prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, leading to attenuation of myocardial I/R injury. However, minimal levels of ROS by either Nox2 or Nox4 are required for energy metabolism during I/R in the heart, preserving hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) levels. Furthermore, extreme suppression of Nox activity induces reductive stress, leading to paradoxical increases in ROS levels. Nox4 has distinct roles in organelles such as mitochondria, ER, and ER-mitochondria contact sites (MAMs). Mitochondrial Nox4 exerts a detrimental effect, causing ROS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction during I/R, whereas Nox4 in the ER and MAMs is potentially protective against I/R injury through regulation of autophagy and MAM function, respectively. Although Nox isoforms are potential therapeutic targets for I/R injury, to maximize the effect of intervention, it is likely important to optimize the ROS level and selectively inhibit Nox4 in mitochondria. Here, we discuss the ‘Yin and Yang’ functions of Nox isoforms during myocardial I/R.
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28
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Liu Z, Zhang Y, Youn JY, Zhang Y, Makino A, Yuan JXJ, Cai H. Flavored and Nicotine-Containing E-Cigarettes Induce Impaired Angiogenesis and Diabetic Wound Healing via Increased Endothelial Oxidative Stress and Reduced NO Bioavailability. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050904. [PMID: 35624768 PMCID: PMC9137638 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalent use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has increased exponentially in recent years, especially in youth who are attracted to flavored e-cigarettes. Indeed, e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) cases started to emerge in the United States in August 2019, resulting in 2807 hospitalized cases and 68 deaths as of 18 February 2020. In the present study, we investigated, for the first time, whether flavored and nicotine containing e-cigarettes induce endothelial dysfunction to result in impaired angiogenesis and wound healing particularly under diabetic condition. Nicotine containing e-cigarettes with various contents of nicotine (0, 1.2%, 2.4%), and flavored e-cigarettes of classic tobacco, mint, menthol, and vanilla or fruit from BLU (nicotine 2.4%) or JUUL (nicotine 3%), were used to treat endothelial cells in vitro and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice in vivo. Endothelial cell superoxide production, determined by dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescent imaging and electron spin resonance (ESR), was markedly increased by exposure to e-cigarette extract (e-CSE) in a nicotine-content dependent manner, while nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability detected by DAF-FM fluorescent imaging was substantially decreased. All of the different flavored e-cigarettes examined also showed significant effects in increasing superoxide production while diminishing NO bioavailability. Endothelial cell apoptosis evaluated by caspase 3 activity was markedly increased by exposure to e-CSE prepared from flavored and nicotine containing e-cigarettes. Endothelial monolayer wound assays revealed that nicotine-containing and flavored e-cigarettes induced impaired angiogenic wound repair of endothelial cell monolayers. Furthermore, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulated wound healing in diabetic mice was impaired by exposure to e-CSEs prepared from nicotine-containing and flavored e-cigarettes. Taken together, our data demonstrate for the first time that flavored and nicotine-containing e-cigarettes induce endothelial dysfunction through excessive ROS production, resulting in decreased NO bioavailability, increased endothelial cell apoptosis, and impairment in angiogenesis and wound healing, especially under diabetic condition. These responses of endothelial dysfunction likely underlie harmful effects of e-cigarettes in endothelial-rich organs, such as heart and lungs. These data also indicate that rigorous regulation on e-cigarette use should be enforced in diabetic and/or surgical patients to avoid severe consequences from impaired angiogenesis/wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoying Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ji Youn Youn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yabing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ayako Makino
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (A.M.); (J.X.-J.Y.)
| | - Jason X.-J. Yuan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (A.M.); (J.X.-J.Y.)
| | - Hua Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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29
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Endothelial Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040509. [PMID: 35454098 PMCID: PMC9030795 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), defined as a focal dilation of the abdominal aorta beyond 50% of its normal diameter, is a common and potentially life-threatening vascular disease. The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying AAA pathogenesis remain unclear. Healthy endothelial cells (ECs) play a critical role in maintaining vascular homeostasis by regulating vascular tone and maintaining an anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic local environment. Increasing evidence indicates that endothelial dysfunction is an early pathologic event in AAA formation, contributing to both oxidative stress and inflammation in the degenerating arterial wall. Recent studies utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing revealed heterogeneous EC sub-populations, as determined by their transcriptional profiles, in aortic aneurysm tissue. This review summarizes recent findings, including clinical evidence of endothelial dysfunction in AAA, the impact of biomechanical stress on EC in AAA, the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling in AAA, and EC heterogeneity in AAA. These studies help to improve our understanding of AAA pathogenesis and ultimately may lead to the generation of EC-targeted therapeutics to treat or prevent this deadly disease.
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Yan H, Su R, Xue H, Gao C, Li X, Wang C. Pharmacomicrobiology of Methotrexate in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Gut Microbiome as Predictor of Therapeutic Response. Front Immunol 2022; 12:789334. [PMID: 34975886 PMCID: PMC8719371 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.789334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disabling autoimmune disease with invasive arthritis as the main manifestation and synovitis as the basic pathological change, which can cause progressive destruction of articular cartilage and bone, ultimately leading to joint deformity and loss of function. Since its introduction in the 1980s and its widespread use in the treatment of RA, low-dose methotrexate (MTX) therapy has dramatically changed the course and outcome of RA treatment. The clinical use of this drug will be more rational with a better understanding of the pharmacology, anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action and adverse reaction about it. At present, the current clinical status of newly diagnosed RA is that MTX is initiated first regardless of the patients’ suitability. But up to 50% of patients could not reach adequate clinical efficacy or have severe adverse events. Prior to drug initiation, a prognostic tool for treatment response is lacking, which is thought to be the most important cause of the situation. A growing body of studies have shown that differences in microbial metagenomes (including bacterial strains, genes, enzymes, proteins and/or metabolites) in the gastrointestinal tract of RA patients may at least partially determine their bioavailability and/or subsequent response to MTX. Based on this, some researchers established a random forest model to predict whether different RA patients (with different gut microbiome) would respond to MTX. Of course, MTX, in turn, alters the gut microbiome in a dose-dependent manner. The interaction between drugs and microorganisms is called pharmacomicrobiology. Then, the concept of precision medicine has been raised. In this view, we summarize the characteristics and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of MTX and highlight the interaction between gut microbiome and MTX aiming to find the optimal treatment for patients according to individual differences and discuss the application and prospect of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Yan
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rui Su
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongwei Xue
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chong Gao
- Pathology, Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Children' s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Is the insulin necessary for the struggle against oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus type 2: A pilot study. VOJNOSANIT PREGL 2022. [DOI: 10.2298/vsp201019138s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim. Hyperglycaemia has a detrimental effect on the progress of micro/macrovascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM). Additionally, all known complications in T2DM are coupled with oxidative stress developed from different metabolic pathways. The aim of this study was to estimate the quality of glucoregulation and the degree of oxidative stress in T2DM patients depending on the applied therapeutic protocol and assess their correlation with clinical data and crucial biochemical parameters important for the development of diabetes complications. Methods. All included patients were divided into two groups: those treated with oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD) and those treated with oral antidiabetic drugs and insulin (OA-DINS). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total sulfhydryl groups (TSH), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total nitrites (NOx), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and activities of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) were measured, together with lipid profile and routine biochemical parameters. All subjects were analyzed for demographic characteristics and detailed medical history as well as smoking habits and calculated for body mass index (BMI). Results. All patients were uniformly poor glucoregulated and dyslipidemic. SOD activity was decreased, and lipid peroxidation was increased in the OAD group compared to OADINS. Deficient glucoregulation in both the OAD and the OADINS groups did not associate with an oxidative state outcome. In both of these groups, the concentrations of VEGF and MMP9 were significantly higher than in controls. Conclusion. The better antioxidative outcome, expressed with a normalized concentration of TBARS, preserved TSH, and normalized SOD activity in T2DM patients treated with OADINS compared to those treated exclusively with OAD, suggests the need for more careful consideration of earlier insulin introduction into T2DM therapy in order to prevent the development of complications.
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Chuaiphichai S, Yu GZ, Tan CM, Whiteman C, Douglas G, Dickinson Y, Drydale EN, Appari M, Zhang W, Crabtree MJ, McNeill E, Hale AB, Lewandowski AJ, Alp NJ, Vatish M, Leeson P, Channon KM. Endothelial GTPCH (GTP Cyclohydrolase 1) and Tetrahydrobiopterin Regulate Gestational Blood Pressure, Uteroplacental Remodeling, and Fetal Growth. Hypertension 2021; 78:1871-1884. [PMID: 34689592 PMCID: PMC8577301 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.17646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Surawee Chuaiphichai
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.C., C.W., G.D., Y.D., E.N.D., M.A., M.J.C., E.M., A.B.H., N.J.A., K.M.C.)
| | - Grace Z. Yu
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.M.J.T., A.J.L., P.L.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cheryl M.J. Tan
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.M.J.T., A.J.L., P.L.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Whiteman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.C., C.W., G.D., Y.D., E.N.D., M.A., M.J.C., E.M., A.B.H., N.J.A., K.M.C.)
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.M.J.T., A.J.L., P.L.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health (W.Z., M.V.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom (M.V., K.M.C.)
| | - Gillian Douglas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.C., C.W., G.D., Y.D., E.N.D., M.A., M.J.C., E.M., A.B.H., N.J.A., K.M.C.)
| | - Yasmin Dickinson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.C., C.W., G.D., Y.D., E.N.D., M.A., M.J.C., E.M., A.B.H., N.J.A., K.M.C.)
| | - Edward N. Drydale
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.C., C.W., G.D., Y.D., E.N.D., M.A., M.J.C., E.M., A.B.H., N.J.A., K.M.C.)
| | - Mahesh Appari
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.C., C.W., G.D., Y.D., E.N.D., M.A., M.J.C., E.M., A.B.H., N.J.A., K.M.C.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health (W.Z., M.V.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J. Crabtree
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.C., C.W., G.D., Y.D., E.N.D., M.A., M.J.C., E.M., A.B.H., N.J.A., K.M.C.)
| | - Eileen McNeill
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.C., C.W., G.D., Y.D., E.N.D., M.A., M.J.C., E.M., A.B.H., N.J.A., K.M.C.)
| | - Ashley B. Hale
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.C., C.W., G.D., Y.D., E.N.D., M.A., M.J.C., E.M., A.B.H., N.J.A., K.M.C.)
| | - Adam J. Lewandowski
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.M.J.T., A.J.L., P.L.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Alp
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.C., C.W., G.D., Y.D., E.N.D., M.A., M.J.C., E.M., A.B.H., N.J.A., K.M.C.)
| | - Manu Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health (W.Z., M.V.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom (M.V., K.M.C.)
| | - Paul Leeson
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.M.J.T., A.J.L., P.L.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Keith M. Channon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.C., C.W., G.D., Y.D., E.N.D., M.A., M.J.C., E.M., A.B.H., N.J.A., K.M.C.)
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom (M.V., K.M.C.)
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Plasma Metabolome Normalization in Rheumatoid Arthritis Following Initiation of Methotrexate and the Identification of Metabolic Biomarkers of Efficacy. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120824. [PMID: 34940582 PMCID: PMC8706490 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) efficacy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is variable and unpredictable, resulting in a need to identify biomarkers to guide drug therapy. This study evaluates changes in the plasma metabolome associated with response to MTX in RA with the goal of understanding the metabolic basis for MTX efficacy towards the identification of potential metabolic biomarkers of MTX response. Plasma samples were collected from healthy control subjects (n = 20), and RA patients initiating MTX therapy (n = 20, 15 mg/week) before and after 16 weeks of treatment. The samples were analyzed by a semi-targeted metabolomic analysis, and then analyzed by univariate and multivariate methods, as well as an enrichment analysis. An MTX response was defined as a clinically significant reduction in the disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS-28) of greater than 1.2; achievement of clinical remission, defined as a DAS-28 < 2.6, was also utilized as an additional measure of response. In this study, RA is associated with an altered plasma metabolome that is normalized following initiation of MTX therapy. Metabolite classes found to be altered in RA and corrected by MTX therapy were diverse and included triglycerides (p = 1.1 × 10−16), fatty acids (p = 8.0 × 10−12), and ceramides (p = 9.8 × 10−13). Stratification based on responses to MTX identified various metabolites differentially impacted in responders and non-responders including glucosylceramides (GlcCer), phosphatidylcholines (PC), sphingomyelins (SM), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), choline, inosine, hypoxanthine, guanosine, nicotinamide, and itaconic acid (p < 0.05). In conclusion, RA is associated with significant alterations to the plasma metabolome displaying at least partial normalization following 16 weeks of MTX therapy. Changes in multiple metabolites were found to be associated with MTX efficacy, including metabolites involved in fatty acid/lipid, nucleotide, and energy metabolism.
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Xu L, Balzarolo M, Robinson EL, Lorenz V, Verde GD, Joray L, Mochizuki M, Kaufmann BA, Valstar G, de Jager SCA, den Ruijter HM, Heymans S, Pfister O, Kuster GM. NOX1 mediates metabolic heart disease in mice and is upregulated in monocytes of humans with diastolic dysfunction. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2973-2984. [PMID: 34849611 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Microvascular inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diastolic dysfunction (DD) and metabolic heart disease. NOX1 is expressed in vascular and immune cells and has been implicated in the vascular pathology of metabolic disease. However, its contribution to metabolic heart disease is less understood. METHODS AND RESULTS NOX1-deficient mice (KO) and male wild-type (WT) littermates were fed a high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFHS) and injected streptozotocin (75 mg/kg i.p.) or control diet (CTD) and sodium citrate. Despite similar weight gain and increase in fasting blood glucose and insulin, only WT-HFHS but not KO-HFHS mice developed concentric cardiac hypertrophy and elevated left ventricular filling pressure. This was associated with increased endothelial adhesion molecule expression, accumulation of Mac-2-, IL-1β- and NLRP3-positive cells and nitrosative stress in WT-HFHS but not KO-HFHS hearts. Nox1 mRNA was solidly expressed in CD45+ immune cells isolated from healthy mouse hearts, but was negligible in cardiac CD31+ endothelial cells. However, in vitro, Nox1 expression increased in response to LPS in endothelial cells and contributed to LPS-induced upregulation of Icam-1. Nox1 was also upregulated in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages in response to LPS. In peripheral monocytes from age- and sex-matched symptomatic patients with and without DD, NOX1 was significantly higher in patients with DD compared to those without DD. CONCLUSIONS NOX1 mediates endothelial activation and contributes to myocardial inflammation and remodeling in metabolic disease in mice. Given its high expression in monocytes of humans with DD, NOX1 may represent a potential target to mitigate heart disease associated with DD. TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVE In their multifactorial pathogenesis, diastolic dysfunction (DD) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) still remain poorly understood. They frequently occur in patients with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Microvascular inflammation and dysfunction have recently been recognized as major driving forces. We show that genetic deletion of Nox1 prevents cardiac inflammation, remodeling and dysfunction in metabolic disease in mice and find NOX1 upregulated in peripheral monocytes of patients with DD. These findings add to our understanding how obesity, inflammation and heart disease are linked, which is a prerequisite to find therapeutic strategies beyond the control of co-morbidities in HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Xu
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Melania Balzarolo
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emma L Robinson
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Vera Lorenz
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo Della Verde
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lydia Joray
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michika Mochizuki
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beat A Kaufmann
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gideon Valstar
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia C A de Jager
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hester M den Ruijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 911, 3000 Belgium, Leuven.,Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Universiteitssingel 50, Maastricht, 6229 ER The Netherlands.,ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Holland Heart House, Moreelsepark 1, Utrecht, 3511 EP The Netherlands
| | - Otmar Pfister
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela M Kuster
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Salvia miltiorrhiza Protects Endothelial Dysfunction against Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111257. [PMID: 34833133 PMCID: PMC8622679 DOI: 10.3390/life11111257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) is a common traditional Chinese medicine used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Endothelial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathology of cardiovascular diseases. Endothelial dysfunction may induce inflammation and change vascular tone and permeability. The main pathological mechanism of endothelial dysfunction is the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondria are the main source of energy and can also produce large amounts of ROS. Recent studies have shown that extracts of SM have antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombus properties. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of oxidative stress in the mitochondria, endothelial dysfunction, and the role of SM in these oxidative events.
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da Silva GM, da Silva MC, Nascimento DVG, Lima Silva EM, Gouvêa FFF, de França Lopes LG, Araújo AV, Ferraz Pereira KN, de Queiroz TM. Nitric Oxide as a Central Molecule in Hypertension: Focus on the Vasorelaxant Activity of New Nitric Oxide Donors. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1041. [PMID: 34681140 PMCID: PMC8533285 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases include all types of disorders related to the heart or blood vessels. High blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiac complications and pathological disorders. An increase in circulating angiotensin-II is a potent stimulus for the expression of reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines that activate oxidative stress, perpetuating a deleterious effect in hypertension. Studies demonstrate the capacity of NO to prevent platelet or leukocyte activation and adhesion and inhibition of proliferation, as well as to modulate inflammatory or anti-inflammatory reactions and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. However, in conditions of low availability of NO, such as during hypertension, these processes are impaired. Currently, there is great interest in the development of compounds capable of releasing NO in a modulated and stable way. Accordingly, compounds containing metal ions coupled to NO are being investigated and are widely recognized as having great relevance in the treatment of different diseases. Therefore, the exogenous administration of NO is an attractive and pharmacological alternative in the study and treatment of hypertension. The present review summarizes the role of nitric oxide in hypertension, focusing on the role of new NO donors, particularly the metal-based drugs and their protagonist activity in vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Maria da Silva
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão 55.608-680, PE, Brazil; (G.M.d.S.); (M.C.d.S.); (D.V.G.N.); (E.M.L.S.); (A.V.A.); (K.N.F.P.)
| | - Mirelly Cunha da Silva
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão 55.608-680, PE, Brazil; (G.M.d.S.); (M.C.d.S.); (D.V.G.N.); (E.M.L.S.); (A.V.A.); (K.N.F.P.)
| | - Déborah Victória Gomes Nascimento
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão 55.608-680, PE, Brazil; (G.M.d.S.); (M.C.d.S.); (D.V.G.N.); (E.M.L.S.); (A.V.A.); (K.N.F.P.)
| | - Ellen Mayara Lima Silva
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão 55.608-680, PE, Brazil; (G.M.d.S.); (M.C.d.S.); (D.V.G.N.); (E.M.L.S.); (A.V.A.); (K.N.F.P.)
| | - Fabíola Furtado Fialho Gouvêa
- School of Technical Health, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58.051-900, PB, Brazil;
| | - Luiz Gonzaga de França Lopes
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60.020-181, CE, Brazil;
| | - Alice Valença Araújo
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão 55.608-680, PE, Brazil; (G.M.d.S.); (M.C.d.S.); (D.V.G.N.); (E.M.L.S.); (A.V.A.); (K.N.F.P.)
| | - Kelli Nogueira Ferraz Pereira
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão 55.608-680, PE, Brazil; (G.M.d.S.); (M.C.d.S.); (D.V.G.N.); (E.M.L.S.); (A.V.A.); (K.N.F.P.)
| | - Thyago Moreira de Queiroz
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão 55.608-680, PE, Brazil; (G.M.d.S.); (M.C.d.S.); (D.V.G.N.); (E.M.L.S.); (A.V.A.); (K.N.F.P.)
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Rodríguez ML, Millán I, Ortega ÁL. Cellular targets in diabetic retinopathy therapy. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1442-1462. [PMID: 34630899 PMCID: PMC8472497 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i9.1442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the existence of treatment for diabetes, inadequate metabolic control triggers the appearance of chronic complications such as diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is considered a multifactorial disease of complex etiology in which oxidative stress and low chronic inflammation play essential roles. Chronic exposure to hyperglycemia triggers a loss of redox balance that is critical for the appearance of neuronal and vascular damage during the development and progression of the disease. Current therapies for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy are used in advanced stages of the disease and are unable to reverse the retinal damage induced by hyperglycemia. The lack of effective therapies without side effects means there is an urgent need to identify an early action capable of preventing the development of the disease and its pathophysiological consequences in order to avoid loss of vision associated with diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, in this review we propose different therapeutic targets related to the modulation of the redox and inflammatory status that, potentially, can prevent the development and progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lucía Rodríguez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Iván Millán
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel Luis Ortega
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
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Feng Y, Feng Y, Gu L, Liu P, Cao J, Zhang S. The Critical Role of Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) Metabolism in Modulating Radiosensitivity: BH4/NOS Axis as an Angel or a Devil. Front Oncol 2021; 11:720632. [PMID: 34513700 PMCID: PMC8429800 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.720632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation and radioactive materials have been widely used in industry, medicine, science and military. The efficacy of radiotherapy and adverse effects of normal tissues are closed related to cellular radiosensitivity. Molecular mechanisms underlying radiosensitivity are of significance to tumor cell radiosensitization as well as normal tissue radioprotection. 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an essential cofactor for nitric oxide synthases (NOS) and aromatic amino acid hydroxylases, and its biosynthesis involves de novo biosynthesis and a pterin salvage pathway. In this review we overview the role of BH4 metabolism in modulating radiosensitivity. BH4 homeostasis determines the role of NOS, affecting the production of nitric oxide (NO) and oxygen free radicals. Under conditions of oxidative stress, such as UV-radiation and ionizing radiation, BH4 availability is diminished due to its oxidation, which subsequently leads to NOS uncoupling and generation of highly oxidative free radicals. On the other hand, BH4/NOS axis facilitates vascular normalization, a process by which antiangiogenic therapy corrects structural and functional flaws of tumor blood vessels, which enhances radiotherapy efficacy. Therefore, BH4/NOS axis may serve as an angel or a devil in regulating cellular radiosensitivity. Finally, we will address future perspectives, not only from the standpoint of perceived advances in treatment, but also from the potential mechanisms. These advances have demonstrated that it is possible to modulate cellular radiosensitivity through BH4 metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Feng
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yahui Feng
- China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital (Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College), Chengdu, China
| | - Liming Gu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital (Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College), Chengdu, China.,West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Therapeutic application of estrogen for COVID-19: Attenuation of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and IL-6 stimulated, ACE2-dependent NOX2 activation, ROS production and MCP-1 upregulation in endothelial cells. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102099. [PMID: 34509916 PMCID: PMC8372492 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 has remained uncontained with urgent need for robust therapeutics. We have previously reported sex difference of COVID-19 for the first time indicating male predisposition. Males are more susceptible than females, and more often to develop into severe cases with higher mortality. This predisposition is potentially linked to higher prevalence of cigarette smoking. Nonetheless, we found for the first time that cigarette smoking extract (CSE) had no effect on angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) expression in endothelial cells. The otherwise observed worse outcomes in smokers is likely linked to baseline respiratory diseases associated with chronic smoking. Instead, we hypothesized that estrogen mediated protection might underlie lower morbidity, severity and mortality of COVID-19 in females. Of note, endothelial inflammation and barrier dysfunction are major mediators of disease progression, and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ failure in patients with COVID-19. Therefore, we investigated potential protective effects of estrogen on endothelial cells against oxidative stress induced by interleukin-6 (IL-6) and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S protein). Indeed, 17β-estradiol completely reversed S protein-induced selective activation of NADPH oxidase isoform 2 (NOX2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that are ACE2-dependent, as well as ACE2 upregulation and induction of pro-inflammatory gene monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in endothelial cells to effectively attenuate endothelial dysfunction. Effects of IL-6 on activating NOX2-dependent ROS production and upregulation of MCP-1 were also completely attenuated by 17β-estradiol. Of note, co-treatment with CSE had no additional effects on S protein stimulated endothelial oxidative stress, confirming that current smoking status is likely unrelated to more severe disease in chronic smokers. These data indicate that estrogen can serve as a novel therapy for patients with COVID-19 via inhibition of initial viral responses and attenuation of cytokine storm induced endothelial dysfunction, to substantially alleviate morbidity, severity and mortality of the disease, especially in men and post-menopause women. Short-term administration of estrogen can therefore be readily applied to the clinical management of COVID-19 as a robust therapeutic option.
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40
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Guo Z, Zhang Y, Liu C, Youn JY, Cai H. Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) Knockout Abrogates Diabetic and Obese Phenotypes While Restoring Endothelial Function via Inhibition of NOX1. Diabetes 2021; 70:2107-2119. [PMID: 34127487 PMCID: PMC8576422 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated a novel role of bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4) in inducing NOX1-dependent endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammatory activation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, how BMP4 activates NOX1 and whether targeting the new mechanistic pathway revealed is effective in preserving endothelial function in T2DM remains unclear. In this study, we observed that BMP4 induced a marked, time-dependent increase in physiological binding between TLR2 and NOX1 in aortic endothelial cells as well as increased binding of TLR2 to NOXO1. In TLR2 knockout (Tlr2 -/-) mice fed high-fat diet, body weight gain was significantly less compared with wild-type (WT) mice both in males and females. The high-fat diet-induced increases in fasting blood glucose levels, as well as in circulating insulin and leptin levels, were absent in Tlr2 -/- mice. High-fat feeding induced increases in overall fat mass, and in fat mass of different pockets were abrogated in Tlr2 -/- mice. Whereas energy intake was similar in high-fat-fed WT and Tlr2 -/- mice, TLR2 deficiency resulted in higher energy expenditure attributable to improved physical activity, which was accompanied by restored skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. In addition, TLR2 deficiency recoupled eNOS, reduced total superoxide production, improved H4B and NO bioavailabilities in aortas, and restored endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. Collectively, our data strongly indicate that TLR2 plays important roles in the development of metabolic features of T2DM and its related endothelial/vascular dysfunction. Therefore, targeting TLR2 may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for T2DM, obesity, and cardiovascular complications via specific inhibition of NOX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Guo
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Chang Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing
| | - Ji Youn Youn
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hua Cai
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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41
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Dutka M, Bobiński R, Wojakowski W, Francuz T, Pająk C, Zimmer K. Osteoprotegerin and RANKL-RANK-OPG-TRAIL signalling axis in heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 27:1395-1411. [PMID: 34313900 PMCID: PMC9197867 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a glycoprotein involved in the regulation of bone remodelling. OPG regulates osteoclast activity by blocking the interaction between the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) and its ligand (RANKL). More and more studies confirm the relationship between OPG and cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies have confirmed that a high plasma concentration of OPG and a low concentration of tumour necrosis factor–related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) together with a high OPG/TRAIL ratio are predictors of poor prognosis in patients with myocardial infarction. A high plasma OPG concentration and a high ratio of OPG/TRAIL in the acute myocardial infarction are a prognostic indicator of adverse left ventricular remodelling and of the development of heart failure. Ever more data indicates the participation of OPG in the regulation of the function of vascular endothelial cells and the initiation of the atherosclerotic process in the arteries. Additionally, it has been shown that TRAIL has a protective effect on blood vessels and exerts an anti-atherosclerotic effect. The mechanisms of action of both OPG and TRAIL within the cells of the vascular wall are complex and remain largely unclear. However, these mechanisms of action as well as their interaction in the local vascular environment are of great interest to researchers. This article presents the current state of knowledge on the mechanisms of action of OPG and TRAIL in the circulatory system and their role in cardiovascular diseases. Understanding these mechanisms may allow their use as a therapeutic target in cardiovascular diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieczysław Dutka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa St. 2, 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland.
| | - Rafał Bobiński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa St. 2, 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wojakowski
- Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Francuz
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Celina Pająk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa St. 2, 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Karolina Zimmer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa St. 2, 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
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42
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Frohman EM, Villemarette-Pittman NR, Rodriguez A, Glanzman R, Rugheimer S, Komogortsev O, Zamvil SS, Cruz RA, Varkey TC, Frohman AN, Frohman AR, Parsons MS, Konkle EH, Frohman TC. Application of an evidence-based, out-patient treatment strategy for COVID-19: Multidisciplinary medical practice principles to prevent severe disease. J Neurol Sci 2021; 426:117463. [PMID: 33971376 PMCID: PMC8055502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.117463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has devastated individuals, families, and institutions throughout the world. Despite the breakneck speed of vaccine development, the human population remains at risk of further devastation. The decision to not become vaccinated, the protracted rollout of available vaccine, vaccine failure, mutational forms of the SARS virus, which may exhibit mounting resistance to our molecular strike at only one form of the viral family, and the rapid ability of the virus(es) to hitch a ride on our global transportation systems, means that we are will likely continue to confront an invisible, yet devastating foe. The enemy targets one of our human physiology's most important and vulnerable life-preserving body tissues, our broncho-alveolar gas exchange apparatus. Notwithstanding the fear and the fury of this microbe's potential to raise existential questions across the entire spectrum of human endeavor, the application of an early treatment intervention initiative may represent a crucial tool in our defensive strategy. This strategy is driven by evidence-based medical practice principles, those not likely to become antiquated, given the molecular diversity and mutational evolution of this very clever "world traveler".
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot M Frohman
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States of America.
| | | | - Adriana Rodriguez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cook Children's Medical Center, Ft. Worth, TX, United States of America
| | - Robert Glanzman
- Clene Nanomedicine, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT 84121, United States of America.
| | - Sarah Rugheimer
- Department of Physics, University Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK.
| | - Oleg Komogortsev
- Department of Computer Sciences, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, United States of America.
| | - Scott S Zamvil
- Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America.
| | - Roberto Alejandro Cruz
- Department of Neurology, Doctor's Health at Renaissance Health Neurology Institute, United States of America; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, United States of America.
| | - Thomas C Varkey
- Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, United States of America.
| | | | | | - Matthew S Parsons
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, United States of America; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
| | | | - Teresa C Frohman
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States of America.
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43
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Inflammatory Mechanisms Contributing to Endothelial Dysfunction. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070781. [PMID: 34356845 PMCID: PMC8301477 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of endothelial cell integrity is an important component of human health and disease since the endothelium can perform various functions including regulation of vascular tone, control of hemostasis and thrombosis, cellular adhesion, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and vascular inflammation. Endothelial dysfunction is encompassed by complex pathophysiology that is based on endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling and endothelial activation following stimulation from various inflammatory mediators (molecular patterns, oxidized lipoproteins, cytokines). The downstream signaling via nuclear factor-κB leads to overexpression of adhesion molecules, selectins, and chemokines that facilitate leukocyte adhesion, rolling, and transmigration to the subendothelial space. Moreover, oscillatory shear stress leads to pro-inflammatory endothelial activation with increased monocyte adhesion and endothelial cell apoptosis, an effect that is dependent on multiple pathways and flow-sensitive microRNA regulation. Moreover, the role of neutrophil extracellular traps and NLRP3 inflammasome as inflammatory mechanisms contributing to endothelial dysfunction has recently been unveiled and is under further investigation. Consequently, and following their activation, injured endothelial cells release inflammatory mediators and enter a pro-thrombotic state through activation of coagulation pathways, downregulation of thrombomodulin, and an increase in platelet adhesion and aggregation owing to the action of von-Willebrand factor, ultimately promoting atherosclerosis progression.
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Janaszak-Jasiecka A, Siekierzycka A, Płoska A, Dobrucki IT, Kalinowski L. Endothelial Dysfunction Driven by Hypoxia-The Influence of Oxygen Deficiency on NO Bioavailability. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070982. [PMID: 34356605 PMCID: PMC8301841 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. The initial stage of CVDs is characterized by endothelial dysfunction, defined as the limited bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). Thus, any factors that interfere with the synthesis or metabolism of NO in endothelial cells are involved in CVD pathogenesis. It is well established that hypoxia is both the triggering factor as well as the accompanying factor in cardiovascular disease, and diminished tissue oxygen levels have been reported to influence endothelial NO bioavailability. In endothelial cells, NO is produced by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) from L-Arg, with tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) as an essential cofactor. Here, we discuss the mechanisms by which hypoxia affects NO bioavailability, including regulation of eNOS expression and activity. What is particularly important is the fact that hypoxia contributes to the depletion of cofactor BH4 and deficiency of substrate L-Arg, and thus elicits eNOS uncoupling-a state in which the enzyme produces superoxide instead of NO. eNOS uncoupling and the resulting oxidative stress is the major driver of endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis. Moreover, hypoxia induces impairment in mitochondrial respiration and endothelial cell activation; thus, oxidative stress and inflammation, along with the hypoxic response, contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Janaszak-Jasiecka
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics—Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.J.-J.); (A.S.); (A.P.)
- Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.pl), 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Siekierzycka
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics—Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.J.-J.); (A.S.); (A.P.)
- Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agata Płoska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics—Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.J.-J.); (A.S.); (A.P.)
- Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.pl), 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Iwona T. Dobrucki
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N Mathews Ave, MC-251, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics—Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.J.-J.); (A.S.); (A.P.)
- Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.pl), 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- BioTechMed Centre, Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence:
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45
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Huang K, Narumi T, Zhang Y, Li Q, Murugesan P, Wu Y, Liu NM, Cai H. Targeting MicroRNA-192-5p, a Downstream Effector of NOXs (NADPH Oxidases), Reverses Endothelial DHFR (Dihydrofolate Reductase) Deficiency to Attenuate Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation. Hypertension 2021; 78:282-293. [PMID: 34176283 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (K.H., T.N., Y.Z., Q.L., P.M., Y.W., N.M.L., H.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine ((K.H., T.N., Y.Z., Q.L., P.M., Y.W., N.M.L., H.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Taro Narumi
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (K.H., T.N., Y.Z., Q.L., P.M., Y.W., N.M.L., H.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine ((K.H., T.N., Y.Z., Q.L., P.M., Y.W., N.M.L., H.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (K.H., T.N., Y.Z., Q.L., P.M., Y.W., N.M.L., H.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine ((K.H., T.N., Y.Z., Q.L., P.M., Y.W., N.M.L., H.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Qiang Li
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (K.H., T.N., Y.Z., Q.L., P.M., Y.W., N.M.L., H.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine ((K.H., T.N., Y.Z., Q.L., P.M., Y.W., N.M.L., H.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Priya Murugesan
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (K.H., T.N., Y.Z., Q.L., P.M., Y.W., N.M.L., H.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine ((K.H., T.N., Y.Z., Q.L., P.M., Y.W., N.M.L., H.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Yusi Wu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (K.H., T.N., Y.Z., Q.L., P.M., Y.W., N.M.L., H.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine ((K.H., T.N., Y.Z., Q.L., P.M., Y.W., N.M.L., H.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Norika Mengchia Liu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (K.H., T.N., Y.Z., Q.L., P.M., Y.W., N.M.L., H.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine ((K.H., T.N., Y.Z., Q.L., P.M., Y.W., N.M.L., H.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Hua Cai
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (K.H., T.N., Y.Z., Q.L., P.M., Y.W., N.M.L., H.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine ((K.H., T.N., Y.Z., Q.L., P.M., Y.W., N.M.L., H.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
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46
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Kuntic M, Oelze M, Steven S, Kröller-Schön S, Stamm P, Kalinovic S, Frenis K, Vujacic-Mirski K, Bayo Jimenez MT, Kvandova M, Filippou K, Al Zuabi A, Brückl V, Hahad O, Daub S, Varveri F, Gori T, Huesmann R, Hoffmann T, Schmidt FP, Keaney JF, Daiber A, Münzel T. Short-term e-cigarette vapour exposure causes vascular oxidative stress and dysfunction: evidence for a close connection to brain damage and a key role of the phagocytic NADPH oxidase (NOX-2). Eur Heart J 2021; 41:2472-2483. [PMID: 31715629 PMCID: PMC7340357 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Electronic (e)-cigarettes have been marketed as a 'healthy' alternative to traditional combustible cigarettes and as an effective method of smoking cessation. There are, however, a paucity of data to support these claims. In fact, e-cigarettes are implicated in endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the vasculature and the lungs. The mechanisms underlying these side effects remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of e-cigarette vapour on vascular function in smokers and experimental animals to determine the underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Acute e-cigarette smoking produced a marked impairment of endothelial function in chronic smokers determined by flow-mediated dilation. In mice, e-cigarette vapour without nicotine had more detrimental effects on endothelial function, markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid peroxidation than vapour containing nicotine. These effects of e-cigarette vapour were largely absent in mice lacking phagocytic NADPH oxidase (NOX-2) or upon treatment with the endothelin receptor blocker macitentan or the FOXO3 activator bepridil. We also established that the e-cigarette product acrolein, a reactive aldehyde, recapitulated many of the NOX-2-dependent effects of e-cigarette vapour using in vitro blood vessel incubation. CONCLUSIONS E-cigarette vapour exposure increases vascular, cerebral, and pulmonary oxidative stress via a NOX-2-dependent mechanism. Our study identifies the toxic aldehyde acrolein as a key mediator of the observed adverse vascular consequences. Thus, e-cigarettes have the potential to induce marked adverse cardiovascular, pulmonary, and cerebrovascular consequences. Since e-cigarette use is increasing, particularly amongst youth, our data suggest that aggressive steps are warranted to limit their health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Kuntic
- Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center, Mainz, German
| | | | - Paul Stamm
- Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sanela Kalinovic
- Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katie Frenis
- Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Ahmad Al Zuabi
- Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Vivienne Brückl
- Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Omar Hahad
- Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Steffen Daub
- Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franco Varveri
- Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tommaso Gori
- Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main
| | - Regina Huesmann
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thorsten Hoffmann
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank P Schmidt
- Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - John F Keaney
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center, Mainz, German.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main
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47
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Wu Y, Ding Y, Ramprasath T, Zou MH. Oxidative Stress, GTPCH1, and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Uncoupling in Hypertension. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:750-764. [PMID: 32363908 PMCID: PMC7910417 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Hypertension has major health consequences, which is associated with endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-produced nitric oxide (NO) signaling in the vasculature plays an important role in maintaining vascular homeostasis. Considering the importance of NO system, this review aims to provide a brief overview of the biochemistry of members of NO signaling, including GTPCH1 [guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) cyclohydrolase 1], tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), and eNOS. Recent Advances: Being NO signaling activators and regulators of eNOS signaling, BH4 treatment is getting widespread attention either as potential therapeutic agents or as preventive agents. Recent clinical trials also support that BH4 treatment could be considered a promising therapeutic in hypertension. Critical Issues: Under conditions of BH4 depletion, eNOS-generated superoxides trigger pathological events. Abnormalities in NO availability and BH4 deficiency lead to disturbed redox regulation causing pathological events. This disturbed signaling influences the development of systemic hypertension as well as pulmonary hypertension. Future Directions: Considering the importance of BH4 and NO to improve the translational significance, it is essential to continue research on this field to manipulate BH4 to increase the efficacy for treating hypertension. Thus, this review also examines the current state of knowledge on the effects of eNOS activators on preclinical models and humans to utilize this information for potential therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wu
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ye Ding
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tharmarajan Ramprasath
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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48
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ACE/ACE2 balance might be instrumental to explain the certain comorbidities leading to severe COVID-19 cases. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227587. [PMID: 33442728 PMCID: PMC7856554 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20202014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global catastrophe. The elderly and people with comorbidity are facing a serious complication of the disease. The entry and infection strategy of SARS-CoV-2 in a host cell is raised by an amazing way of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 (ACE2) receptor recognition and imbalance of ACE/ACE2 in various organs, especially in the lungs. Here it has been discussed the role of interferon and protease during the receptor recognition (begining of infection) and followed by the impact of cytokine and hypoxia in the context of the balance of ACE/ACE2. It has also very concisely delineated the biochemistry and mechanism of ACE/ACE2 balance in different stages of infection and its role in comorbidity.
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Li S, Zeng H, Huang J, Lu J, Chen J, Zhou Y, Mi L, Zhao X, Lei L, Zeng Q. Identification of the Competing Endogenous RNA Networks in Oxidative Stress Injury of Melanocytes. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:192-208. [PMID: 33471583 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), including long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), circular RNA (circRNA), pseudogenes, synthetic miRNA inhibitors, etc. are classes of RNAs that can compete and interact with each other within an organism. There are regions in these RNAs that can be bound by messenger-RNA-interfering complementary RNA (microRNA), called microRNA response elements (MREs). These RNAs compete with each other to combine complementary microRNAs and MREs to form ceRNA regulatory mechanisms and participate in the regulation of many biological processes. The oxidative stress injury of melanocytes is one of the crucial mechanisms of vitiligo. However, it is unclear whether the ceRNA regulation mechanism is involved in the oxidative stress injury of melanocytes. The purpose of this study is to explore the changes of messenger RNA (mRNA), lncRNAs, and circRNAs in melanocytes under oxidative stress and to identify the key ceRNA regulatory networks. Compared with the normal cells, the chip detection of ceRNA expression profile showed that the expression of 491 mRNAs, 865 lncRNAs, and 1161 circRNAs were altered more than fivefold during the oxidative stress injury of melanocytes. The oxidative stress-related genes (SOD2, PTGS2, DHFR, HMOX1, FOSL1, and PARP1), cell cycle-related genes (CDK1, CCNB1, CCNA2, OIP5, and MK167), and apoptosis-related gene (BIRC5) were identified in the formation of ceRNA regulation networks with lncRNAs and circRNAs, which shares the common MREs. Further verification found that LNCV6_120941_PI430048170 or hsa_circ_0048910 might regulate the expression of SOD2 by sponging hsa-miR-4755-3p, LNCV6_119109_PI430048170, or hsa_circ_0048909 might regulate the expression of HMOX1 by sponging hsa-miR-6721-5p in the oxidative stress injury of melanocytes. In conclusion, complex changes of the ceRNA regulatory network in the oxidative stress response of melanocytes are evident. Oxidative stress may mediate melanocyte injury through the ceRNA regulation mechanism and induce the pathogenesis of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Li
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongliang Zeng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jinhua Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianyun Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lan Mi
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaojiao Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qinghai Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Blanco-Rivero J, Xavier FE. Therapeutic Potential of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors for Endothelial Dysfunction- Related Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:3633-3651. [PMID: 32242780 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200403172736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are considered a major health problem worldwide, being the main cause of mortality in developing and developed countries. Endothelial dysfunction, characterized by a decline in nitric oxide production and/or bioavailability, increased oxidative stress, decreased prostacyclin levels, and a reduction of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor is considered an important prognostic indicator of various CVD. Changes in cyclic nucleotides production and/ or signalling, such as guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cGMP) and adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cAMP), also accompany many vascular disorders that course with altered endothelial function. Phosphodiesterases (PDE) are metallophosphohydrolases that catalyse cAMP and cGMP hydrolysis, thereby terminating the cyclic nucleotide-dependent signalling. The development of drugs that selectively block the activity of specific PDE families remains of great interest to the research, clinical and pharmaceutical industries. In the present review, we will discuss the effects of PDE inhibitors on CVD related to altered endothelial function, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, stroke, aging and cirrhosis. Multiple evidences suggest that PDEs inhibition represents an attractive medical approach for the treatment of endothelial dysfunction-related diseases. Selective PDE inhibitors, especially PDE3 and PDE5 inhibitors are proposed to increase vascular NO levels by increasing antioxidant status or endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and activation and to improve the morphological architecture of the endothelial surface. Thereby, selective PDE inhibitors can improve the endothelial function in various CVD, increasing the evidence that these drugs are potential treatment strategies for vascular dysfunction and reinforcing their potential role as an adjuvant in the pharmacotherapy of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Blanco-Rivero
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabiano E Xavier
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociencias, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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