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Iwata N, Tsubuki S, Sekiguchi M, Watanabe-Iwata K, Matsuba Y, Kamano N, Fujioka R, Takamura R, Watamura N, Kakiya N, Mihira N, Morito T, Shirotani K, Mann DM, Robinson AC, Hashimoto S, Sasaguri H, Saito T, Higuchi M, Saido TC. Metabolic resistance of Aβ3pE-42, a target epitope of the anti-Alzheimer therapeutic antibody, donanemab. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402650. [PMID: 39348937 PMCID: PMC11443169 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The amyloid β peptide (Aβ), starting with pyroglutamate (pE) at position 3 and ending at position 42 (Aβ3pE-42), predominantly accumulates in the brains of Alzheimer's disease. Consistently, donanemab, a therapeutic antibody raised against Aβ3pE-42, has been shown to be effective in recent clinical trials. Although the primary Aβ produced physiologically is Aβ1-40/42, an explanation for how and why this physiological Aβ is converted to the pathological form remains elusive. Here, we present experimental evidence that accounts for the aging-associated Aβ3pE-42 deposition: Aβ3pE-42 was metabolically more stable than other Aβx-42 variants; deficiency of neprilysin, the major Aβ-degrading enzyme, induced a relatively selective deposition of Aβ3pE-42 in both APP transgenic and App knock-in mouse brains; Aβ3pE-42 deposition always colocalized with Pittsburgh compound B-positive cored plaques in APP transgenic mouse brains; and under aberrant conditions, such as a significant reduction in neprilysin activity, aminopeptidases, dipeptidyl peptidases, and glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-like were up-regulated in the progression of aging, and a proportion of Aβ1-42 may be processed to Aβ3pE-42. Our findings suggest that anti-Aβ therapies are more effective if given before Aβ3pE-42 deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhisa Iwata
- https://ror.org/058h74p94 Department of Genome-Based Drug Discovery and Leading Medical Research Core Unit, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- https://ror.org/04j1n1c04 Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tsubuki
- https://ror.org/04j1n1c04 Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Misaki Sekiguchi
- https://ror.org/04j1n1c04 Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kaori Watanabe-Iwata
- https://ror.org/058h74p94 Department of Genome-Based Drug Discovery and Leading Medical Research Core Unit, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yukio Matsuba
- https://ror.org/04j1n1c04 Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoko Kamano
- https://ror.org/04j1n1c04 Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryo Fujioka
- https://ror.org/04j1n1c04 Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Risa Takamura
- https://ror.org/04j1n1c04 Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoto Watamura
- https://ror.org/04j1n1c04 Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naomasa Kakiya
- https://ror.org/04j1n1c04 Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naomi Mihira
- https://ror.org/04j1n1c04 Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Morito
- https://ror.org/04j1n1c04 Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keiro Shirotani
- https://ror.org/058h74p94 Department of Genome-Based Drug Discovery and Leading Medical Research Core Unit, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - David Ma Mann
- https://ror.org/027m9bs27 Division of Neuroscience, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK
| | - Andrew C Robinson
- https://ror.org/027m9bs27 Division of Neuroscience, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK
| | - Shoko Hashimoto
- https://ror.org/04j1n1c04 Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sasaguri
- https://ror.org/04j1n1c04 Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Makoto Higuchi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- https://ror.org/04j1n1c04 Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
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Islam MA, Kshirsagar S, Reddy AP, Sehar U, Reddy PH. Use and Reuse of Animal Behavioral, Molecular, and Biochemical Data in Alzheimer's Disease Research: Focus on 3Rs and Saving People's Tax Dollars. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2024; 8:1171-1184. [PMID: 39247873 PMCID: PMC11380314 DOI: 10.3233/adr-240126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Several decades of research on cell and animal models contributed tremendously to understanding human diseases. Particularly, research on rodents and non-human primates revealed that animal research is a major and important component in biomedical research in learning complex pathophysiological processes. Further, animal research helped us to understand human diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. In addition, animal research has also helped us to test hundreds of drugs and develop treatments for human use. Researchers can gain a better understanding of key biological and physiological processes in humans by comparing them to laboratory animals. Based on their relevance and resemblance to people, or even usual living conditions, scientists rationalize the use of particular animal models in their studies. It is suggested that in the National Institutes of Health and other agencies-funded research, animal models should be carefully selected to study the biology and pathophysiology of human health and diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. However, it is critical to use a minimum number of animals for human research. Further, it is also noted that the use and reuse of behavioral, molecular, and biochemical data from wild-type (WT) control mice with mutant lines of disease models, as long as the genetic background is the same in both WT and disease mice. On the other hand, anonymous readers have challenged the use and reuse of WT mice data for comparison. In the current article, we discuss the minimum utility of animals, covering the 3Rs, Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement, and also discuss the use and reuse of behavioral, molecular, and biochemical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ariful Islam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Sudhir Kshirsagar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Arubala P Reddy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ujala Sehar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Donner L, Krüger I, Pfeiler S, Gerdes N, Schaller M, Kelm M, Elvers M. Reduced platelet activation and thrombus formation in male transgenic model mice of Alzheimer's disease suggests early sex-specific differences in platelet pathophysiology. Mol Cell Neurosci 2024; 130:103952. [PMID: 39002827 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2024.103952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and characterized by extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, intracellular neurofibrillary tau tangles and neurodegeneration. Over 80 % of AD patients also exhibit cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). CAA is a cerebrovascular disease caused by deposition of Aβ in the walls of cerebral blood vessels leading to vessel damage and impairment of normal blood flow. To date, different studies suggest that platelet function, including activation, adhesion and aggregation, is altered in AD due to vascular Aβ deposition. For example, the transgenic AD model mice APP23 mice that exhibit CAA and parenchymal Aβ plaques, show pre-activated platelets in the blood circulation and increased platelet integrin activation leading to a pro-thrombotic phenotype in these mice late stages of AD. However, it is still an open question whether or not platelets exhibit changes in their activation profile before they are exposed to vascular Aβ deposits. Therefore, the present study examined platelets from middle-aged transgenic APP23 mice at the age of 8-10 months. At this age, APP23 mice show amyloid plaques in the brain parenchyma but not in the vasculature. Our analyses show that these APP23 mice have unaltered platelet numbers and size, and unaltered surface expression of glycoproteins. However, the number of dense granules in transgenic platelets was increased while the release was unaltered. Male, but not female APP23 mice, exhibited reduced platelet activation after stimulation of the thrombin receptor PAR4 and decreased thrombus stability on collagen under flow conditions ex vivo compared to control mice. In an arterial thrombosis model in vivo, male APP23 mice showed attenuated occlusion of the injured artery compared to controls. These findings provide clear evidence for early changes in platelet activation and thrombus formation in male mice before development of overt CAA. Furthermore, reduced platelet activation and thrombus formation suggest sex-specific differences in platelet physiology in AD that has to be considered in future studies of platelets and their role in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Donner
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Irena Krüger
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Pfeiler
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Malte Kelm
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Margitta Elvers
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Chandrashekar DV, Roules GC, Jagadeesan N, Panchal UR, Oyegbesan A, Imiruaye OE, Zhang H, Garcia J, Kaur K, Win S, Than TA, Kaplowitz N, Roosan MR, Han D, Sumbria RK. Hepatic LRP-1 plays an important role in amyloidosis in Alzheimer's disease mice: Potential role in chronic heavy alcohol feeding. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 199:106570. [PMID: 38885850 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP-1) plays a central role in peripheral amyloid beta (Aβ) clearance, but its importance in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is understudied. Our previous work showed that intragastric alcohol feeding to C57BL/6 J mice reduced hepatic LRP-1 expression which correlated with significant AD-relevant brain changes. Herein, we examined the role of hepatic LRP-1 in AD pathogenesis in APP/PS1 AD mice using two approaches to modulate hepatic LRP-1, intragastric alcohol feeding to model chronic heavy drinking shown by us to reduce hepatic LRP-1, and hepato-specific LRP-1 silencing. METHODS Eight-month-old male APP/PS1 mice were fed ethanol or control diet intragastrically for 5 weeks (n = 7-11/group). Brain and liver Aβ were assessed using immunoassays. Three important mechanisms of brain amyloidosis were investigated: hepatic LRP-1 (major peripheral Aβ regulator), blood-brain barrier (BBB) function (vascular Aβ regulator), and microglia (major brain Aβ regulator) using immunoassays. Spatial LRP-1 gene expression in the periportal versus pericentral hepatic regions was confirmed using NanoString GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiler. Further, hepatic LRP-1 was silenced by injecting LRP-1 microRNA delivered by the adeno-associated virus 8 (AAV8) and the hepato-specific thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) promoter to 4-month-old male APP/PS1 mice (n = 6). Control male APP/PS1 mice received control AAV8 (n = 6). Spatial memory and locomotion were assessed 12 weeks after LRP-1 silencing using Y-maze and open-field test, respectively, and brain and liver Aβ were measured. RESULTS Alcohol feeding reduced plaque-associated microglia in APP/PS1 mice brains and increased aggregated Aβ (p < 0.05) by ELISA and 6E10-positive Aβ load by immunostaining (p < 0.05). Increased brain Aβ corresponded with a significant downregulation of hepatic LRP-1 (p < 0.01) at the protein and transcript level, primarily in pericentral hepatocytes (zone 3) where alcohol-induced injury occurs. Hepato-specific LRP-1 silencing significantly increased brain Aβ and locomotion hyperactivity (p < 0.05) in APP/PS1 mice. CONCLUSION Chronic heavy alcohol intake reduced hepatic LRP-1 expression and increased brain Aβ. The hepato-specific LRP-1 silencing similarly increased brain Aβ which was associated with behavioral deficits in APP/PS1 mice. Collectively, our results suggest that hepatic LRP-1 is a key regulator of brain amyloidosis in alcohol-dependent AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj V Chandrashekar
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - G Chuli Roules
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Nataraj Jagadeesan
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Urvashi R Panchal
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Adenike Oyegbesan
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Oghenetega E Imiruaye
- School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, United States
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jerome Garcia
- Department of Biology, University of La Verne, La Verne, CA, United States
| | - Kamaljit Kaur
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Sanda Win
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tin A Than
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Neil Kaplowitz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Moom R Roosan
- Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Derick Han
- School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, United States.
| | - Rachita K Sumbria
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, United States; Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.
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5
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Leinenga G, To XV, Bodea LG, Yousef J, Richter-Stretton G, Palliyaguru T, Chicoteau A, Dagley L, Nasrallah F, Götz J. Scanning ultrasound-mediated memory and functional improvements do not require amyloid-β reduction. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:2408-2423. [PMID: 38499653 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
A prevalent view in treating age-dependent disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD) is that the underlying amyloid plaque pathology must be targeted for cognitive improvements. In contrast, we report here that repeated scanning ultrasound (SUS) treatment at 1 MHz frequency can ameliorate memory deficits in the APP23 mouse model of AD without reducing amyloid-β (Aβ) burden. Different from previous studies that had shown Aβ clearance as a consequence of blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening, here, the BBB was not opened as no microbubbles were used. Quantitative SWATH proteomics and functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed that ultrasound induced long-lasting functional changes that correlate with the improvement in memory. Intriguingly, the treatment was more effective at a higher frequency (1 MHz) than at a frequency within the range currently explored in clinical trials in AD patients (286 kHz). Together, our data suggest frequency-dependent bio-effects of ultrasound and a dissociation of cognitive improvement and Aβ clearance, with important implications for the design of trials for AD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Leinenga
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xuan Vinh To
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Liviu-Gabriel Bodea
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jumana Yousef
- Proteomics Facility, Advanced Technology and Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Gina Richter-Stretton
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tishila Palliyaguru
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Antony Chicoteau
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Laura Dagley
- Proteomics Facility, Advanced Technology and Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Fatima Nasrallah
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jürgen Götz
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Zhang Y, Bi K, Zhou L, Wang J, Huang L, Sun Y, Peng G, Wu W. Advances in Blood Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease: Ultra-Sensitive Detection Technologies and Impact on Clinical Diagnosis. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2024; 14:85-102. [PMID: 39100640 PMCID: PMC11297492 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s471174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease has escalated into a critical public health concern, marked by its neurodegenerative nature that progressively diminishes cognitive abilities. Recognized as a continuously advancing and presently incurable condition, AD underscores the necessity for early-stage diagnosis and interventions aimed at delaying the decline in mental function. Despite the proven efficacy of cerebrospinal fluid and positron emission tomography in diagnosing AD, their broader utility is constrained by significant costs and the invasive nature of these procedures. Consequently, the innovation of blood biomarkers such as Amyloid-beta, phosphorylated-tau, total-tau et al, distinguished by their high sensitivity, minimal invasiveness, accessibility, and cost-efficiency, emerges as a promising avenue for AD diagnosis. The advent of ultra-sensitive detection methodologies, including single-molecule enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry, has revolutionized the detection of AD plasma biomarkers, supplanting previous low-sensitivity techniques. This rapid advancement in detection technology facilitates the more accurate quantification of pathological brain proteins and AD-associated biomarkers in the bloodstream. This manuscript meticulously reviews the landscape of current research on immunological markers for AD, anchored in the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association AT(N) research framework. It highlights a selection of forefront ultra-sensitive detection technologies now integral to assessing AD blood immunological markers. Additionally, this review examines the crucial pre-analytical processing steps for AD blood samples that significantly impact research outcomes and addresses the practical challenges faced during clinical testing. These discussions are crucial for enhancing our comprehension and refining the diagnostic precision of AD using blood-based biomarkers. The review aims to shed light on potential avenues for innovation and improvement in the techniques employed for detecting and investigating AD, thereby contributing to the broader field of neurodegenerative disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kefan Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linfu Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingtong Huang
- Department of Critical Care Units, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoping Peng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Zott B, Nästle L, Grienberger C, Unger F, Knauer MM, Wolf C, Keskin-Dargin A, Feuerbach A, Busche MA, Skerra A, Konnerth A. β-amyloid monomer scavenging by an anticalin protein prevents neuronal hyperactivity in mouse models of Alzheimer's Disease. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5819. [PMID: 38987287 PMCID: PMC11237084 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivity mediated by synaptotoxic β-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers is one of the earliest forms of neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. In the search for a preventive treatment strategy, we tested the effect of scavenging Aβ peptides before Aβ plaque formation. Using in vivo two-photon calcium imaging and SF-iGluSnFR-based glutamate imaging in hippocampal slices, we demonstrate that an Aβ binding anticalin protein (Aβ-anticalin) can suppress early neuronal hyperactivity and synaptic glutamate accumulation in the APP23xPS45 mouse model of β-amyloidosis. Our results suggest that the sole targeting of Aβ monomers is sufficient for the hyperactivity-suppressing effect of the Aβ-anticalin at early disease stages. Biochemical and neurophysiological analyses indicate that the Aβ-anticalin-dependent depletion of naturally secreted Aβ monomers interrupts their aggregation to neurotoxic oligomers and, thereby, reverses early neuronal and synaptic dysfunctions. Thus, our results suggest that Aβ monomer scavenging plays a key role in the repair of neuronal function at early stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Zott
- Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Neuroradiology, MRI hospital of the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Garching, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
| | - Lea Nästle
- Chair of Biological Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Christine Grienberger
- Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biology and Volen National Center of Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Felix Unger
- Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, MRI hospital of the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Garching, Germany
| | - Manuel M Knauer
- Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Wolf
- Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, MRI hospital of the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Anna Feuerbach
- Chair of Biological Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Marc Aurel Busche
- Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arne Skerra
- Chair of Biological Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
| | - Arthur Konnerth
- Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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8
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Howe JR, Chan CL, Lee D, Blanquart M, Romero HK, Zadina AN, Lemieux ME, Mills F, Desplats PA, Tye KM, Root CM. Control of innate olfactory valence by segregated cortical amygdala circuits. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.26.600895. [PMID: 38979308 PMCID: PMC11230396 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.26.600895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Animals perform innate behaviors that are stereotyped responses to specific evolutionarily relevant stimuli in the absence of prior learning or experience. These behaviors can be reduced to an axis of valence, whereby specific odors evoke approach or avoidance. The cortical amygdala (plCoA) mediates innate attraction and aversion to odor. However, little is known about how this brain area gives rise to behaviors of opposing motivational valence. Here, we sought to define the circuit features of plCoA that give rise to innate olfactory behaviors of valence. We characterized the physiology, gene expression, and projections of this structure, identifying a divergent, topographic organization that selectively controls innate attraction and avoidance to odor. First, we examined odor-evoked responses in these areas and found sparse encoding of odor identity, but not valence. We next considered a topographic organization and found that optogenetic stimulation of the anterior and posterior domains of plCoA elicits attraction and avoidance, respectively, suggesting a functional axis for valence. Using single cell and spatial RNA sequencing, we identified the molecular cell types in plCoA, revealing an anteroposterior gradient in cell types, whereby anterior glutamatergic neurons preferentially express Slc17a6 and posterior neurons express Slc17a7. Activation of these respective cell types recapitulates appetitive and aversive valence behaviors, and chemogenetic inhibition reveals partial necessity for valence responses to innate appetitive or aversive odors. Finally, we identified topographically organized circuits defined by projections, whereby anterior neurons preferentially project to medial amygdala, and posterior neurons preferentially project to nucleus accumbens, which are respectively sufficient and necessary for innate negative and positive olfactory valence. Together, these data advance our understanding of how the olfactory system generates stereotypic, hardwired attraction and avoidance, and supports a model whereby distinct, topographically distributed plCoA populations direct innate olfactory valence responses by signaling to divergent valence-specific targets, linking upstream olfactory identity to downstream valence behaviors, through a population code. This represents a novel circuit motif in which valence encoding is represented not by the firing properties of individual neurons, but by population level identity encoding that is routed through divergent targets to mediate distinct valence.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Howe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Chung-Lung Chan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Donghyung Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Marlon Blanquart
- Department of Biological Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Haylie K. Romero
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Abigail N. Zadina
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | | | - Fergil Mills
- Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Paula A. Desplats
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kay M. Tye
- Department of Biological Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cory M. Root
- Department of Biological Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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9
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Kawahara K, Hasegawa T, Hasegawa N, Izumi T, Sato K, Sakamaki T, Ando M, Maeda T. Truncated GPNMB, a microglial transmembrane protein, serves as a scavenger receptor for oligomeric β-amyloid peptide 1-42 in primary type 1 microglia. J Neurochem 2024; 168:1317-1339. [PMID: 38361142 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is up-regulated in one subtype of microglia (MG) surrounding senile plaque depositions of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides. However, whether the microglial GPNMB can recognize the fibrous Aβ peptides as ligands remains unknown. In this study, we report that the truncated form of GPNMB, the antigen for 9F5, serves as a scavenger receptor for oligomeric Aβ1-42 (o-Aβ1-42) in rat primary type 1 MG. 125I-labeled o-Aβ1-42 exhibited specific and saturable endosomal/lysosomal degradation in primary-cultured type 1 MG from GPNMB-expressing wild-type mice, whereas the degradation activity was markedly reduced in cells from Gpnmb-knockout mice. The Gpnmb-siRNA significantly inhibits the degradation of 125I-o-Aβ1-42 by murine microglial MG5 cells. Therefore, GPNMB contributes to mouse MG's o-Aβ1-42 clearance. In rat primary type 1 MG, the cell surface expression of truncated GPNMB was confirmed by a flow cytometric analysis using a previously established 9F5 antibody. 125I-labeled o-Aβ1-42 underwent endosomal/lysosomal degradation by rat primary type 1 MG in a dose-dependent fashion, while the 9F5 antibody inhibited the degradation. The binding of 125I-o-Aβ1-42 to the rat primary type 1 MG was inhibited by 42% by excess unlabeled o-Aβ1-42, and by 52% by the 9F5 antibody. Interestingly, the 125I-o-Aβ1-42 degradations by MG-like cells from human-induced pluripotent stem cells was inhibited by the 9F5 antibody, suggesting that truncated GPNMB also serve as a scavenger receptor for o-Aβ1-42 in human MG. Our study demonstrates that the truncated GPNMB (the antigen for 9F5) binds to oligomeric form of Aβ1-42 and functions as a scavenger receptor on MG, and 9F5 antibody can act as a blocking antibody for the truncated GPNMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohichi Kawahara
- Department of Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Medical and Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Bio-analytical Chemistry, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Medical and Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takuya Hasegawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Medical and Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Noa Hasegawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Medical and Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Taisei Izumi
- Department of Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Medical and Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Koji Sato
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Medical and Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakamaki
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Medical and Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ando
- Education Center for Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Medical and Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takehiko Maeda
- Department of Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Medical and Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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10
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Huang HX, Inglese P, Tang J, Yagoubi R, Correia GDS, Horneffer-van der Sluis VM, Camuzeaux S, Wu V, Kopanitsa MV, Willumsen N, Jackson JS, Barron AM, Saito T, Saido TC, Gentlemen S, Takats Z, Matthews PM. Mass spectrometry imaging highlights dynamic patterns of lipid co-expression with Aβ plaques in mouse and human brains. J Neurochem 2024; 168:1193-1214. [PMID: 38372586 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Lipids play crucial roles in the susceptibility and brain cellular responses to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are increasingly considered potential soluble biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma. To delineate the pathological correlations of distinct lipid species, we conducted a comprehensive characterization of both spatially localized and global differences in brain lipid composition in AppNL-G-F mice with spatial and bulk mass spectrometry lipidomic profiling, using human amyloid-expressing (h-Aβ) and WT mouse brains controls. We observed age-dependent increases in lysophospholipids, bis(monoacylglycerol) phosphates, and phosphatidylglycerols around Aβ plaques in AppNL-G-F mice. Immunohistology-based co-localization identified associations between focal pro-inflammatory lipids, glial activation, and autophagic flux disruption. Likewise, in human donors with varying Braak stages, similar studies of cortical sections revealed co-expression of lysophospholipids and ceramides around Aβ plaques in AD (Braak stage V/VI) but not in earlier Braak stage controls. Our findings in mice provide evidence of temporally and spatially heterogeneous differences in lipid composition as local and global Aβ-related pathologies evolve. Observing similar lipidomic changes associated with pathological Aβ plaques in human AD tissue provides a foundation for understanding differences in CSF lipids with reported clinical stage or disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Xuexia Huang
- Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo Inglese
- Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jiabin Tang
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Riad Yagoubi
- Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gonçalo D S Correia
- Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Stephane Camuzeaux
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Vincen Wu
- Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maksym V Kopanitsa
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nanet Willumsen
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Johanna S Jackson
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anna M Barron
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Steve Gentlemen
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Zoltan Takats
- Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul M Matthews
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
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11
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Collins HM, Greenfield S. Rodent Models of Alzheimer's Disease: Past Misconceptions and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6222. [PMID: 38892408 PMCID: PMC11172947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with no effective treatments, not least due to the lack of authentic animal models. Typically, rodent models recapitulate the effects but not causes of AD, such as cholinergic neuron loss: lesioning of cholinergic neurons mimics the cognitive decline reminiscent of AD but not its neuropathology. Alternative models rely on the overexpression of genes associated with familial AD, such as amyloid precursor protein, or have genetically amplified expression of mutant tau. Yet transgenic rodent models poorly replicate the neuropathogenesis and protein overexpression patterns of sporadic AD. Seeding rodents with amyloid or tau facilitates the formation of these pathologies but cannot account for their initial accumulation. Intracerebral infusion of proinflammatory agents offer an alternative model, but these fail to replicate the cause of AD. A novel model is therefore needed, perhaps similar to those used for Parkinson's disease, namely adult wildtype rodents with neuron-specific (dopaminergic) lesions within the same vulnerable brainstem nuclei, 'the isodendritic core', which are the first to degenerate in AD. Site-selective targeting of these nuclei in adult rodents may recapitulate the initial neurodegenerative processes in AD to faithfully mimic its pathogenesis and progression, ultimately leading to presymptomatic biomarkers and preventative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M. Collins
- Neuro-Bio Ltd., Building F5 The Culham Campus, Abingdon OX14 3DB, UK;
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12
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Zahr NM. Alcohol Use Disorder and Dementia: A Review. Alcohol Res 2024; 44:03. [PMID: 38812709 PMCID: PMC11135165 DOI: 10.35946/arcr.v44.1.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE By 2040, 21.6% of Americans will be over age 65, and the population of those older than age 85 is estimated to reach 14.4 million. Although not causative, older age is a risk factor for dementia: every 5 years beyond age 65, the risk doubles; approximately one-third of those older than age 85 are diagnosed with dementia. As current alcohol consumption among older adults is significantly higher compared to previous generations, a pressing question is whether drinking alcohol increases the risk for Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia. SEARCH METHODS Databases explored included PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. To accomplish this narrative review on the effects of alcohol consumption on dementia risk, the literature covered included clinical diagnoses, epidemiology, neuropsychology, postmortem pathology, neuroimaging and other biomarkers, and translational studies. Searches conducted between January 12 and August 1, 2023, included the following terms and combinations: "aging," "alcoholism," "alcohol use disorder (AUD)," "brain," "CNS," "dementia," "Wernicke," "Korsakoff," "Alzheimer," "vascular," "frontotemporal," "Lewy body," "clinical," "diagnosis," "epidemiology," "pathology," "autopsy," "postmortem," "histology," "cognitive," "motor," "neuropsychological," "magnetic resonance," "imaging," "PET," "ligand," "degeneration," "atrophy," "translational," "rodent," "rat," "mouse," "model," "amyloid," "neurofibrillary tangles," "α-synuclein," or "presenilin." When relevant, "species" (i.e., "humans" or "other animals") was selected as an additional filter. Review articles were avoided when possible. SEARCH RESULTS The two terms "alcoholism" and "aging" retrieved about 1,350 papers; adding phrases-for example, "postmortem" or "magnetic resonance"-limited the number to fewer than 100 papers. Using the traditional term, "alcoholism" with "dementia" resulted in 876 citations, but using the currently accepted term "alcohol use disorder (AUD)" with "dementia" produced only 87 papers. Similarly, whereas the terms "Alzheimer's" and "alcoholism" yielded 318 results, "Alzheimer's" and "alcohol use disorder (AUD)" returned only 40 citations. As pertinent postmortem pathology papers were published in the 1950s and recent animal models of Alzheimer's disease were created in the early 2000s, articles referenced span the years 1957 to 2024. In total, more than 5,000 articles were considered; about 400 are herein referenced. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Chronic alcohol misuse accelerates brain aging and contributes to cognitive impairments, including those in the mnemonic domain. The consensus among studies from multiple disciplines, however, is that alcohol misuse can increase the risk for dementia, but not necessarily Alzheimer's disease. Key issues to consider include the reversibility of brain damage following abstinence from chronic alcohol misuse compared to the degenerative and progressive course of Alzheimer's disease, and the characteristic presence of protein inclusions in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease, which are absent in the brains of those with AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Zahr
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
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13
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Umeda T, Sakai A, Shigemori K, Nakata K, Nakajima R, Yamana K, Tomiyama T. New Value of Acorus tatarinowii/ gramineus Leaves as a Dietary Source for Dementia Prevention. Nutrients 2024; 16:1589. [PMID: 38892521 PMCID: PMC11175135 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The rhizomes of Acorus tatarinowii Schott and Acorus gramineus Solander are widely used for treating amnesia in traditional Chinese medicine. In contrast, their leaves are usually discarded without their medicinal properties being known. Here, we found that the hot water extract of leaves improved cognition and tau pathology in model mice of frontotemporal dementia, similar to or even better than that of rhizomes. To explore the optimal method of processing, we made three preparations from dried leaves: hot water extract, extraction residue, and non-extracted simple crush powder. Among them, the simple crush powder had the strongest effect on tauopathy in mice. The crush powder also ameliorated Aβ and α-synuclein pathologies and restored cognition in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. These findings suggest the potential of Acorus tatarinowii/gramineus leaves as a dietary source for dementia prevention and reveal that simple crushing is a better way to maximize their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Umeda
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (T.U.)
- Cerebro Pharma Inc., 4-5-6-3F Minamikyuhojimachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0058, Japan
| | - Ayumi Sakai
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (T.U.)
- Cerebro Pharma Inc., 4-5-6-3F Minamikyuhojimachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0058, Japan
| | - Keiko Shigemori
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (T.U.)
| | - Kunio Nakata
- NOMON Co., Ltd., New Business Development Unit, Teijin Ltd., Kasumigaseki Common Gate West Tower 3-2-1 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8585, Japan; (K.N.); (R.N.); (K.Y.)
| | - Ryota Nakajima
- NOMON Co., Ltd., New Business Development Unit, Teijin Ltd., Kasumigaseki Common Gate West Tower 3-2-1 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8585, Japan; (K.N.); (R.N.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kei Yamana
- NOMON Co., Ltd., New Business Development Unit, Teijin Ltd., Kasumigaseki Common Gate West Tower 3-2-1 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8585, Japan; (K.N.); (R.N.); (K.Y.)
| | - Takami Tomiyama
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (T.U.)
- Cerebro Pharma Inc., 4-5-6-3F Minamikyuhojimachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0058, Japan
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14
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Parvin F, Haglund S, Wegenast-Braun B, Jucker M, Saito T, Saido TC, Nilsson KPR, Nilsson P, Nyström S, Hammarström P. Divergent Age-Dependent Conformational Rearrangement within Aβ Amyloid Deposits in APP23, APPPS1, and AppNL-F Mice. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:2058-2069. [PMID: 38652895 PMCID: PMC11099915 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyloid plaques composed of fibrils of misfolded Aβ peptides are pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ fibrils are polymorphic in their tertiary and quaternary molecular structures. This structural polymorphism may carry different pathologic potencies and can putatively contribute to clinical phenotypes of AD. Therefore, mapping of structural polymorphism of Aβ fibrils and structural evolution over time is valuable to understanding disease mechanisms. Here, we investigated how Aβ fibril structures in situ differ in Aβ plaque of different mouse models expressing familial mutations in the AβPP gene. We imaged frozen brains with a combination of conformation-sensitive luminescent conjugated oligothiophene (LCO) ligands and Aβ-specific antibodies. LCO fluorescence mapping revealed that mouse models APP23, APPPS1, and AppNL-F have different fibril structures within Aβ-amyloid plaques depending on the AβPP-processing genotype. Co-staining with Aβ-specific antibodies showed that individual plaques from APP23 mice expressing AβPP Swedish mutation have two distinct fibril polymorph regions of core and corona. The plaque core is predominantly composed of compact Aβ40 fibrils, and the corona region is dominated by diffusely packed Aβ40 fibrils. Conversely, the AβPP knock-in mouse AppNL-F, expressing the AβPP Iberian mutation along with Swedish mutation has tiny, cored plaques consisting mainly of compact Aβ42 fibrils, vastly different from APP23 even at elevated age up to 21 months. Age-dependent polymorph rearrangement of plaque cores observed for APP23 and APPPS1 mice >12 months, appears strongly promoted by Aβ40 and was hence minuscule in AppNL-F. These structural studies of amyloid plaques in situ can map disease-relevant fibril polymorph distributions to guide the design of diagnostic and therapeutic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farjana Parvin
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Samuel Haglund
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bettina Wegenast-Braun
- German
Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Hertie
Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University
of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Jucker
- German
Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Hertie
Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University
of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory
for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center
for Brain Science, Wako 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
- Department
of Neurocognitive Science, Nagoya City University
Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takaomi C. Saido
- Laboratory
for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center
for Brain Science, Wako 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
| | - K. Peter R. Nilsson
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Per Nilsson
- Department
of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Solna, Sweden
| | - Sofie Nyström
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Per Hammarström
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
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15
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Scholz R, Brösamle D, Yuan X, Beyer M, Neher JJ. Epigenetic control of microglial immune responses. Immunol Rev 2024; 323:209-226. [PMID: 38491845 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Microglia, the major population of brain-resident macrophages, are now recognized as a heterogeneous population comprising several cell subtypes with different (so far mostly supposed) functions in health and disease. A number of studies have performed molecular characterization of these different microglial activation states over the last years making use of "omics" technologies, that is transcriptomics, proteomics and, less frequently, epigenomics profiling. These approaches offer the possibility to identify disease mechanisms, discover novel diagnostic biomarkers, and develop new therapeutic strategies. Here, we focus on epigenetic profiling as a means to understand microglial immune responses beyond what other omics methods can offer, that is, revealing past and present molecular responses, gene regulatory networks and potential future response trajectories, and defining cell subtype-specific disease relevance through mapping non-coding genetic variants. We review the current knowledge in the field regarding epigenetic regulation of microglial identity and function, provide an exemplary analysis that demonstrates the advantages of performing joint transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling of single microglial cells and discuss how comprehensive epigenetic analyses may enhance our understanding of microglial pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Scholz
- Immunogenomics & Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Systems Medicine, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Desirée Brösamle
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Neuroimmunology and Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Xidi Yuan
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Neuroimmunology and Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Beyer
- Immunogenomics & Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Systems Medicine, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and University of Bonn and West German Genome Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonas J Neher
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Neuroimmunology and Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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16
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Zhai Y, Morihara R, Feng T, Hu X, Fukui Y, Bian Z, Bian Y, Yu H, Sun H, Takemoto M, Nakano Y, Yunoki T, Tang Y, Ishiura H, Yamashita T. Protective effect of scallop-derived plasmalogen against vascular dysfunction, via the pSTAT3/PIM1/NFATc1 axis, in a novel mouse model of Alzheimer's disease with cerebral hypoperfusion. Brain Res 2024; 1828:148790. [PMID: 38272156 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
A strong relationship between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dysfunction has been the focus of increasing attention in aging societies. In the present study, we examined the long-term effect of scallop-derived plasmalogen (sPlas) on vascular remodeling-related proteins in the brain of an AD with cerebral hypoperfusion (HP) mouse model. We demonstrated, for the first time, that cerebral HP activated the axis of the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE)/phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3)/provirus integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus 1 (PIM1)/nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1), accounting for such cerebral vascular remodeling. Moreover, we also found that cerebral HP accelerated pSTAT3-mediated astrogliosis and activation of the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, probably leading to cognitive decline. On the other hand, sPlas treatment attenuated the activation of the pSTAT3/PIM1/NFATc1 axis independent of RAGE and significantly suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation, demonstrating the beneficial effect on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhai
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Ryuta Morihara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tian Feng
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Xinran Hu
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yusuke Fukui
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Zhihong Bian
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yuting Bian
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Haibo Yu
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hongming Sun
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Mami Takemoto
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nakano
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Taijun Yunoki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Hiroyuki Ishiura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toru Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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17
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Umeda T, Shigemori K, Uekado R, Matsuda K, Tomiyama T. Hawaiian native herb Mamaki prevents dementia by ameliorating neuropathology and repairing neurons in four different mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases. GeroScience 2024; 46:1971-1987. [PMID: 37783918 PMCID: PMC10828292 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00950-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies are age-related disorders and the main cause of dementia. They are characterized by the cerebral accumulation of Aβ, tau, α-synuclein, and TDP-43. Because the accumulation begins decades before disease onset, treatment should be started in the preclinical stage. Such intervention would be long-lasting, and therefore, prophylactic agents should be safe, non-invasively taken by the patients, and inexpensive. In addition, the agents should be broadly effective against etiologic proteins and capable of repairing neurons damaged by toxic oligomers. These requirements are difficult to meet with single-ingredient pharmaceuticals but may be feasible by taking proper diets composed of multiple ingredients. As a source of such diets, we focused on the Hawaiian native herb Mamaki. From its dried leaves and fruits, we made three preparations: hot water extract of the leaves, non-extracted simple crush powder of the leaves, and simple crush powder of the fruits, and examined their effects on the cognitive function and neuropathologies in four different mouse models of neurodegenerative dementia. Hot water extract of the leaves attenuated neuropathologies, restored synaptophysin levels, suppressed microglial activation, and improved memory when orally administered for 1 month. Simply crushed leaf powder showed a higher efficacy, but simply crushed fruit powder displayed the strongest effects. Moreover, the fruit powder significantly enhanced the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression and neurogenesis, indicating its ability to repair neurons. These results suggest that crushed Mamaki leaves and fruits are promising sources of dementia-preventive diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Umeda
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Osaka, Abeno-ku, 545-8585, Japan
- Cerebro Pharma Inc, 4-5-6-3F Minamikyuhojimachi, Osaka, Chuo-ku, 541-0058, Japan
| | - Keiko Shigemori
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Osaka, Abeno-ku, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Rumi Uekado
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Osaka, Abeno-ku, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kazunori Matsuda
- Cerebro Pharma Inc, 4-5-6-3F Minamikyuhojimachi, Osaka, Chuo-ku, 541-0058, Japan
| | - Takami Tomiyama
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Osaka, Abeno-ku, 545-8585, Japan.
- Cerebro Pharma Inc, 4-5-6-3F Minamikyuhojimachi, Osaka, Chuo-ku, 541-0058, Japan.
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Seino S, Ikehata H, Tanabe M, Umeda T, Tomiyama T, Tanaka A, Furubayashi T, Sakane T, Kiwa T, Washino M, Nomura K, Tonooka S, Izawa A, Okumura Y, Nakagawa T. Investigating the efficacy of nasal administration for delivering magnetic nanoparticles into the brain for magnetic particle imaging. J Control Release 2024; 367:515-521. [PMID: 38237689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the effectiveness of nasal administration in delivering magnetic nanoparticles into the brain for magnetic particle imaging of target regions. Successful delivery of iron oxide nanoparticles, which serve as contrast agents, to specific sites within the brain is crucial for achieving magnetic particle imaging. Nasal administration has gained attention as a method to bypass the blood-brain barrier and directly deliver therapeutics to the brain. In this study, we investigated surface modification techniques for administering magnetic nanoparticles into the nasal cavity, and provided experimental validation through in vivo studies. By compositing magnetic nanoparticles with gold nanoparticles, we enabled additional surface modification via AuS bonds without compromising their magnetic properties. The migration of the designed PEGylated magnetic nanoparticles into the brain following nasal administration was confirmed by magnetization measurements. Furthermore, we demonstrated the accumulation of these nanoparticles at specific target sites using probe molecules immobilized on the PEG terminus. Thus, the efficacy of delivering magnetic nanoparticles to the brain via nasal administration was demonstrated in this study. The findings of this research are expected to contribute significantly to the realization of magnetic particle imaging of target regions within the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Seino
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Hiroto Ikehata
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mizuki Tanabe
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Umeda
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Takami Tomiyama
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Akiko Tanaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1, Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Furubayashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1, Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sakane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1, Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Kiwa
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, 3-1-1,Tsushima-Naka, Kitaku,Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masaomi Washino
- Advanced Technology R&D Center, Mitsubishi Electric Corp., 8 - 1 - 1, Tsukaguchi-Honmachi, Amagasaki, Hyogo 661-8661, Japan
| | - Kota Nomura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Advanced Technology R&D Center, Mitsubishi Electric Corp., 8 - 1 - 1, Tsukaguchi-Honmachi, Amagasaki, Hyogo 661-8661, Japan
| | - Shun Tonooka
- Advanced Technology R&D Center, Mitsubishi Electric Corp., 8 - 1 - 1, Tsukaguchi-Honmachi, Amagasaki, Hyogo 661-8661, Japan
| | - Akihiro Izawa
- BD&IP Dept., Nihon Medi-Physics Co., Ltd., 3-4-10, Shinsuna, Koto-ku, Tokyo 136-0075, Japan
| | - Yuki Okumura
- Research Center, Nihon Medi-Physics Co., Ltd., 3-1, Kitasode, Sodegaura City, Chiba 299-0266, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Kourti M, Metaxas A. A systematic review and meta-analysis of tau phosphorylation in mouse models of familial Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 192:106427. [PMID: 38307366 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Transgenic models of familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) serve as valuable tools for probing the molecular mechanisms associated with amyloid-beta (Aβ)-induced pathology. In this meta-analysis, we sought to evaluate levels of phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and explore potential age-related variations in tau hyperphosphorylation, within mouse models of AD. The PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for studies measuring soluble p-tau in 5xFAD, APPswe/PSEN1de9, J20 and APP23 mice. Data were extracted and analyzed using standardized procedures. For the 5xFAD model, the search yielded 36 studies eligible for meta-analysis. Levels of p-tau were higher in 5xFAD mice relative to control, a difference that was evident in both the carboxy-terminal (CT) and proline-rich (PR) domains of tau. Age negatively moderated the relationship between genotype and CT phosphorylated tau in studies using hybrid mice, female mice, and preparations from the neocortex. For the APPswe/PSEN1de9 model, the search yielded 27 studies. Analysis showed tau hyperphosphorylation in transgenic vs. control animals, evident in both the CT and PR regions of tau. Age positively moderated the relationship between genotype and PR domain phosphorylated tau in the neocortex of APPswe/PSEN1de9 mice. A meta-analysis was not performed for the J20 and APP23 models, due to the limited number of studies measuring p-tau levels in these mice (<10 studies). Although tau is hyperphosphorylated in both 5xFAD and APPswe/PSEN1de9 mice, the effects of ageing on p-tau are contingent upon the model being examined. These observations emphasize the importance of tailoring model selection to the appropriate disease stage when considering the relationship between Aβ and tau, and suggest that there are optimal intervention points for the administration of both anti-amyloid and anti-tau therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malamati Kourti
- School of Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, European University Cyprus, 2404 Egkomi, Nicosia, Cyprus; Angiogenesis and Cancer Drug Discovery Group, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Centre, Department of Life Sciences, European University Cyprus, 2404 Egkomi, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Athanasios Metaxas
- School of Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, European University Cyprus, 2404 Egkomi, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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Pádua MS, Guil-Guerrero JL, Prates JAM, Lopes PA. Insights on the Use of Transgenic Mice Models in Alzheimer's Disease Research. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2805. [PMID: 38474051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia, presents a significant global health challenge with no known cure to date. Central to our understanding of AD pathogenesis is the β-amyloid cascade hypothesis, which underlies drug research and discovery efforts. Despite extensive studies, no animal models of AD have completely validated this hypothesis. Effective AD models are essential for accurately replicating key pathological features of the disease, notably the formation of β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. These pathological markers are primarily driven by mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 (PS1) genes in familial AD (FAD) and by tau protein mutations for the tangle pathology. Transgenic mice models have been instrumental in AD research, heavily relying on the overexpression of mutated APP genes to simulate disease conditions. However, these models do not entirely replicate the human condition of AD. This review aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the historical and ongoing research efforts in AD, particularly through the use of transgenic mice models. It is focused on the benefits gathered from these transgenic mice models in understanding β-amyloid toxicity and the broader biological underpinnings of AD. Additionally, the review critically assesses the application of these models in the preclinical testing of new therapeutic interventions, highlighting the gap between animal models and human clinical realities. This analysis underscores the need for refinement in AD research methodologies to bridge this gap and enhance the translational value of preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Soares Pádua
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José L Guil-Guerrero
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - José A M Prates
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula Alexandra Lopes
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
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Romero-Molina C, Neuner SM, Ryszawiec M, Pébay A, Marcora E, Goate A. Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer's Disease Mutations in Human Microglia Are Not Sufficient to Trigger Amyloid Pathology in WT Mice but Might Affect Pathology in 5XFAD Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2565. [PMID: 38473822 PMCID: PMC10932392 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Several genetic variants that affect microglia function have been identified as risk factors for Alzheimer's Disease (AD), supporting the importance of this cell type in disease progression. However, the effect of autosomal dominant mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) or the presenilin (PSEN1/2) genes has not been addressed in microglia in vivo. We xenotransplanted human microglia derived from non-carriers and carriers of autosomal dominant AD (ADAD)-causing mutations in the brain of hCSF1 WT or 5XFAD mice. We observed that ADAD mutations in microglia are not sufficient to trigger amyloid pathology in WT mice. In 5XFAD mice, we observed a non-statistically significant increase in amyloid plaque volume and number of dystrophic neurites, coupled with a reduction in plaque-associated microglia in the brain of mice xenotransplanted with ADAD human microglia compared to mice xenotransplanted with non-ADAD microglia. In addition, we observed a non-statistically significant impairment in working and contextual memory in 5XFAD mice xenotransplanted with ADAD microglia compared to those xenotransplanted with non-ADAD-carrier microglia. We conclude that, although not sufficient to initiate amyloid pathology in the healthy brain, mutations in APP and PSEN1 in human microglia might cause mild changes in pathological and cognitive outcomes in 5XFAD mice in a manner consistent with increased AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Romero-Molina
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; (C.R.-M.); (S.M.N.); (M.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Sarah M. Neuner
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; (C.R.-M.); (S.M.N.); (M.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Marcelina Ryszawiec
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; (C.R.-M.); (S.M.N.); (M.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Alice Pébay
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | | | - Edoardo Marcora
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; (C.R.-M.); (S.M.N.); (M.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Alison Goate
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; (C.R.-M.); (S.M.N.); (M.R.); (E.M.)
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22
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Morgan DG, Lamb BT. Transgenic amyloid precursor protein mouse models of amyloidosis. Incomplete models for Alzheimer's disease but effective predictors of anti-amyloid therapies. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:1459-1464. [PMID: 38085800 PMCID: PMC10916971 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice are models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) amyloidosis, not all of AD. Diffuse, compacted, and vascular deposits in APP mice mimic those found in AD cases. METHODS Most interventional studies in APP mice start treatment early in the process of amyloid deposition, consistent with a prevention treatment regimen. Most clinical trials treat patients with established amyloid deposits in a therapeutic treatment regimen. RESULTS The first treatment to reduce amyloid and cognitive impairment in mice was immunotherapy. The APP mouse models not only predicted efficacy, but presaged the vascular leakage called ARIA. The recent immunotherapy clinical trials that removed amyloid and slowed cognitive decline confirms the utility of these early APP models when used in therapeutic designs. DISCUSSION New mouse models of AD pathologies will add to the research armamentarium, but the early models have accurately predicted responses to amyloid therapies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Morgan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, and Alzheimer's AllianceCollege of Human MedicineMichigan State UniversityGrand RapidsMichiganUSA
| | - Bruce T. Lamb
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsStark Neurosciences Research InstituteIndianapolisIndianaUSA
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23
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Chen Y, Fernandez Z, Scheel N, Gifani M, Zhu DC, Counts SE, Dorrance AM, Razansky D, Yu X, Qian W, Qian C. Novel inductively coupled ear-bars (ICEs) to enhance restored fMRI signal from susceptibility compensation in rats. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad479. [PMID: 38100332 PMCID: PMC10793587 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging faces inherent challenges when applied to deep-brain areas in rodents, e.g. entorhinal cortex, due to the signal loss near the ear cavities induced by susceptibility artifacts and reduced sensitivity induced by the long distance from the surface array coil. Given the pivotal roles of deep brain regions in various diseases, optimized imaging techniques are needed. To mitigate susceptibility-induced signal losses, we introduced baby cream into the middle ear. To enhance the detection sensitivity of deep brain regions, we implemented inductively coupled ear-bars, resulting in approximately a 2-fold increase in sensitivity in entorhinal cortex. Notably, the inductively coupled ear-bar can be seamlessly integrated as an add-on device, without necessitating modifications to the scanner interface. To underscore the versatility of inductively coupled ear-bars, we conducted echo-planner imaging-based task functional magnetic resonance imaging in rats modeling Alzheimer's disease. As a proof of concept, we also demonstrated resting-state-functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity maps originating from the left entorhinal cortex-a central hub for memory and navigation networks-to amygdala hippocampal area, Insular Cortex, Prelimbic Systems, Cingulate Cortex, Secondary Visual Cortex, and Motor Cortex. This work demonstrates an optimized procedure for acquiring large-scale networks emanating from a previously challenging seed region by conventional magnetic resonance imaging detectors, thereby facilitating improved observation of functional magnetic resonance imaging outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Department of High-field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
- Department of Radiology and Cognitive Imaging Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Zachary Fernandez
- Department of Radiology and Cognitive Imaging Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Norman Scheel
- Department of Radiology and Cognitive Imaging Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Mahsa Gifani
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, United States
| | - David C Zhu
- Department of Radiology and Cognitive Imaging Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Scott E Counts
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, United States
- Department of Family Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, United States
- Department of Hauenstein Neurosciences Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary’s Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI 49508, United States
- Michigan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States
| | - Anne M Dorrance
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich 8006, Switzerland
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, , Zurich 8092, Switzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience Center, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Xin Yu
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02114, United States
| | - Wei Qian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Chunqi Qian
- Department of Radiology and Cognitive Imaging Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
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24
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Nystuen KL, McNamee SM, Akula M, Holton KM, DeAngelis MM, Haider NB. Alzheimer's Disease: Models and Molecular Mechanisms Informing Disease and Treatments. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:45. [PMID: 38247923 PMCID: PMC10813760 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease resulting in progressive loss of memory, language and motor abilities caused by cortical and hippocampal degeneration. This review captures the landscape of understanding of AD pathology, diagnostics, and current therapies. Two major mechanisms direct AD pathology: (1) accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) plaque and (2) tau-derived neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). The most common variants in the Aβ pathway in APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 are largely responsible for early-onset AD (EOAD), while MAPT, APOE, TREM2 and ABCA7 have a modifying effect on late-onset AD (LOAD). More recent studies implicate chaperone proteins and Aβ degrading proteins in AD. Several tests, such as cognitive function, brain imaging, and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and blood tests, are used for AD diagnosis. Additionally, several biomarkers seem to have a unique AD specific combination of expression and could potentially be used in improved, less invasive diagnostics. In addition to genetic perturbations, environmental influences, such as altered gut microbiome signatures, affect AD. Effective AD treatments have been challenging to develop. Currently, there are several FDA approved drugs (cholinesterase inhibitors, Aß-targeting antibodies and an NMDA antagonist) that could mitigate AD rate of decline and symptoms of distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaden L. Nystuen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Shannon M. McNamee
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Monica Akula
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kristina M. Holton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Margaret M. DeAngelis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Neena B. Haider
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Matt RA, Martin RS, Evans AK, Gever JR, Vargas GA, Shamloo M, Ford AP. Locus Coeruleus and Noradrenergic Pharmacology in Neurodegenerative Disease. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024; 285:555-616. [PMID: 37495851 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Adrenoceptors (ARs) throughout the brain are stimulated by noradrenaline originating mostly from neurons of the locus coeruleus, a brainstem nucleus that is ostensibly the earliest to show detectable pathology in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The α1-AR, α2-AR, and β-AR subtypes expressed in target brain regions and on a range of cell populations define the physiological responses to noradrenaline, which includes activation of cognitive function in addition to modulation of neurometabolism, cerebral blood flow, and neuroinflammation. As these heterocellular functions are critical for maintaining brain homeostasis and neuronal health, combating the loss of noradrenergic tone from locus coeruleus degeneration may therefore be an effective treatment for both cognitive symptoms and disease modification in neurodegenerative indications. Two pharmacologic approaches are receiving attention in recent clinical studies: preserving noradrenaline levels (e.g., via reuptake inhibition) and direct activation of target adrenoceptors. Here, we review the expression and role of adrenoceptors in the brain, the preclinical studies which demonstrate that adrenergic stimulation can support cognitive function and cerebral health by reversing the effects of noradrenaline depletion, and the human data provided by pharmacoepidemiologic analyses and clinical trials which together identify adrenoceptors as promising targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew K Evans
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Mehrdad Shamloo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Leinenga G, Padmanabhan P, Götz J. Improving Cognition Without Clearing Amyloid: Effects of Tau and Ultrasound Neuromodulation. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:S211-S222. [PMID: 39058447 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by progressive impairment of neuronal functions culminating in neuronal loss and dementia. A universal feature of dementia is protein aggregation, a process by which a monomer forms intermediate oligomeric assembly states and filaments that develop into end-stage hallmark lesions. In Alzheimer's disease, this is exemplified by extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques which have been placed upstream of tau, found in intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and dystrophic neurites. This implies causality that can be modeled as a linear activation cascade. When Aβ load is reduced, for example, in response to an anti-Aβ immunotherapy, cognitive functions improve in plaque-forming mice. They also deteriorate less in clinical trial cohorts although real-world clinical benefits remain to be demonstrated. Given the existence of aged humans with unimpaired cognition despite a high plaque load, the central role of Aβ has been challenged. A counter argument has been that clinical symptoms would eventually develop if these aged individuals were to live long enough. Alternatively, intrinsic mechanisms that protect the brain in the presence of pathology may exist. In fact, Aβ toxicity can be abolished by either reducing or manipulating tau (through which Aβ signals), at least in preclinical models. In addition to manipulating steps in this linear pathocascade model, mechanisms of restoring brain reserve can also counteract Aβ toxicity. Low-intensity ultrasound is a neuromodulatory modality that can improve cognitive functions in Aβ-depositing mice without the need for removing Aβ. Together, this highlights a dissociation of Aβ and cognition, with important implications for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Leinenga
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research (CJCADR), Queensland Brain Institute (QBI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Pranesh Padmanabhan
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research (CJCADR), Queensland Brain Institute (QBI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jürgen Götz
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research (CJCADR), Queensland Brain Institute (QBI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Fang X, Fan F, Border JJ, Roman RJ. Cerebrovascular Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease and Transgenic Rodent Models. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY 2024; 5:42-64. [PMID: 38434588 PMCID: PMC10906803 DOI: 10.33696/neurol.5.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Alzheimer's Disease-Related Dementia (ADRD) are the primary causes of dementia that has a devastating effect on the quality of life and is a tremendous economic burden on the healthcare system. The accumulation of extracellular beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain are the hallmarks of AD. They are also thought to be the underlying cause of inflammation, neurodegeneration, brain atrophy, and cognitive impairments that accompany AD. The discovery of APP, PS1, and PS2 mutations that increase Aβ production in families with early onset familial AD led to the development of numerous transgenic rodent models of AD. These models have provided new insight into the role of Aβ in AD; however, they do not fully replicate AD pathology in patients. Familial AD patients with mutations that elevate the production of Aβ represent only a small fraction of dementia patients. In contrast, those with late-onset sporadic AD constitute the majority of cases. This observation, along with the failure of previous clinical trials targeting Aβ or Tau and the modest success of recent trials using Aβ monoclonal antibodies, has led to a reappraisal of the view that Aβ accumulation is the sole factor in the pathogenesis of AD. More recent studies have established that cerebral vascular dysfunction is one of the earliest changes seen in AD, and 67% of the candidate genes linked to AD are expressed in the cerebral vasculature. Thus, there is an increasing appreciation of the vascular contribution to AD, and the National Institute on Aging (NIA) and the Alzheimer's Disease Foundation recently prioritized it as a focused research area. This review summarizes the strengths and limitations of the most commonly used transgenic AD animal models and current views about the contribution of Aβ accumulation versus cerebrovascular dysfunction in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Fang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Jane J. Border
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Richard J. Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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Dhapola R, Kumari S, Sharma P, HariKrishnaReddy D. Insight into the emerging and common experimental in-vivo models of Alzheimer's disease. Lab Anim Res 2023; 39:33. [PMID: 38082453 PMCID: PMC10712122 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-023-00184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial, rapidly progressing neurodegenerative disorder. As the exact cause of the disease is still unclear, the drug development is very challenging. This review encompasses the commonly used AD models involving various chemicals, heavy metals and endogenous substances induced models and the transgenic models. It also provides insight into the reliable emerging models of AD that may overcome the shortcomings associated with available models. Chemicals like streptozotocin, scopolamine, colchicine and okadaic acid render the animal susceptible to neuroinflammation and oxidative stress induced neurodegeneration along with amyloid-β deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation. Similarly, endogenous substances like acrolein and amyloid-β 1-42 are efficient in inducing the major pathologies of AD. Heavy metals like aluminum and fluoride and mixture of these have been reported to induce neurotoxicity therefore are used as animal models for AD. Transgenic models developed as a result of knock-in or knock-out of certain genes associated with AD including PDAPP, APP23, Tg2576, APP/PS1, 3 × Tg and 5 × FAD have also been incorporated in this study. Further, emerging and advanced pathomimetic models of AD are provided particular interest here which will add on to the current knowledge of animal models and may aid in the drug development process and deepen our understanding related to AD pathogenesis. These newly discovered models include oAβ25-35 model, transgenic model expressing 82-kDa ChAT, oDGal mouse and APP knock-in rat. This study may aid in the selection of suitable model for development of novel potent therapeutics and for exploring detailed pathogenic mechanism of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishika Dhapola
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Sneha Kumari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Prajjwal Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Dibbanti HariKrishnaReddy
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India.
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Li X, Quan M, Wei Y, Wang W, Xu L, Wang Q, Jia J. Critical thinking of Alzheimer's transgenic mouse model: current research and future perspective. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2711-2754. [PMID: 37480469 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic models are useful tools for studying the pathogenesis of and drug development for Alzheimer's Disease (AD). AD models are constructed usually using overexpression or knock-in of multiple pathogenic gene mutations from familial AD. Each transgenic model has its unique behavioral and pathological features. This review summarizes the research progress of transgenic mouse models, and their progress in the unique mechanism of amyloid-β oligomers, including the first transgenic mouse model built in China based on a single gene mutation (PSEN1 V97L) found in Chinese familial AD. We further summarized the preclinical findings of drugs using the models, and their future application in exploring the upstream mechanisms and multitarget drug development in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Meina Quan
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- National Medical Center for Neurological Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yiping Wei
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- National Medical Center for Neurological Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Lingzhi Xu
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- National Medical Center for Neurological Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jianping Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- National Medical Center for Neurological Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Malik SC, Lin JD, Ziegler-Waldkirch S, Tholen S, Deshpande SS, Schwabenland M, Schilling O, Vlachos A, Meyer-Luehmann M, Schachtrup C. Tpr Misregulation in Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells in Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2023; 12:2757. [PMID: 38067185 PMCID: PMC10706632 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are highly dynamic macromolecular protein structures that facilitate molecular exchange across the nuclear envelope. Aberrant NPC functioning has been implicated in neurodegeneration. The translocated promoter region (Tpr) is a critical scaffolding nucleoporin (Nup) of the nuclear basket, facing the interior of the NPC. However, the role of Tpr in adult neural stem/precursor cells (NSPCs) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unknown. Using super-resolution (SR) and electron microscopy, we defined the different subcellular localizations of Tpr and phospho-Tpr (P-Tpr) in NSPCs in vitro and in vivo. Elevated Tpr expression and reduced P-Tpr nuclear localization accompany NSPC differentiation along the neurogenic lineage. In 5xFAD mice, an animal model of AD, increased Tpr expression in DCX+ hippocampal neuroblasts precedes increased neurogenesis at an early stage, before the onset of amyloid-β plaque formation. Whereas nuclear basket Tpr interacts with chromatin modifiers and NSPC-related transcription factors, P-Tpr interacts and co-localizes with cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) at the nuclear chromatin of NSPCs. In hippocampal NSPCs in a mouse model of AD, aberrant Tpr expression was correlated with altered NPC morphology and counts, and Tpr was aberrantly expressed in postmortem human brain samples from patients with AD. Thus, we propose that altered levels and subcellular localization of Tpr in CNS disease affect Tpr functionality, which in turn regulates the architecture and number of NSPC NPCs, possibly leading to aberrant neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash C. Malik
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.C.M.); (J.-D.L.); (S.S.D.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jia-Di Lin
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.C.M.); (J.-D.L.); (S.S.D.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Ziegler-Waldkirch
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (S.Z.-W.); (M.M.-L.)
| | - Stefan Tholen
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (S.T.); (O.S.)
| | - Sachin S. Deshpande
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.C.M.); (J.-D.L.); (S.S.D.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marius Schwabenland
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Schilling
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (S.T.); (O.S.)
| | - Andreas Vlachos
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;
- Center BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in Neuromodulation (NeuroModul Basics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Meyer-Luehmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (S.Z.-W.); (M.M.-L.)
- Center for Basics in Neuromodulation (NeuroModul Basics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schachtrup
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.C.M.); (J.-D.L.); (S.S.D.)
- Center for Basics in Neuromodulation (NeuroModul Basics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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31
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Zielinski M, Peralta Reyes FS, Gremer L, Schemmert S, Frieg B, Schäfer LU, Willuweit A, Donner L, Elvers M, Nilsson LNG, Syvänen S, Sehlin D, Ingelsson M, Willbold D, Schröder GF. Cryo-EM of Aβ fibrils from mouse models find tg-APP ArcSwe fibrils resemble those found in patients with sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:2073-2080. [PMID: 37973869 PMCID: PMC10689242 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01484-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of transgenic mice displaying amyloid-β (Aβ) brain pathology has been essential for the preclinical assessment of new treatment strategies for Alzheimer's disease. However, the properties of Aβ in such mice have not been systematically compared to Aβ in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Here, we determined the structures of nine ex vivo Aβ fibrils from six different mouse models by cryogenic-electron microscopy. We found novel Aβ fibril structures in the APP/PS1, ARTE10 and tg-SwDI models, whereas the human type II filament fold was found in the ARTE10, tg-APPSwe and APP23 models. The tg-APPArcSwe mice showed an Aβ fibril whose structure resembles the human type I filament found in patients with sporadic Alzheimer's disease. A detailed assessment of the Aβ fibril structure is key to the selection of adequate mouse models for the preclinical development of novel plaque-targeting therapeutics and positron emission tomography imaging tracers in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Zielinski
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- JuStruct, Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Lothar Gremer
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- JuStruct, Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Sarah Schemmert
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Frieg
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- JuStruct, Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Luisa U Schäfer
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- JuStruct, Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Antje Willuweit
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Medical Imaging Physics (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lili Donner
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Margitta Elvers
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lars N G Nilsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stina Syvänen
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Molecular Geriatrics, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dag Sehlin
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Molecular Geriatrics, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Molecular Geriatrics, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- JuStruct, Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Gunnar F Schröder
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- JuStruct, Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- Physics Department, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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32
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Sharma H, Chang KA, Hulme J, An SSA. Mammalian Models in Alzheimer's Research: An Update. Cells 2023; 12:2459. [PMID: 37887303 PMCID: PMC10605533 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A form of dementia distinct from healthy cognitive aging, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex multi-stage disease that currently afflicts over 50 million people worldwide. Unfortunately, previous therapeutic strategies developed from murine models emulating different aspects of AD pathogenesis were limited. Consequently, researchers are now developing models that express several aspects of pathogenesis that better reflect the clinical situation in humans. As such, this review seeks to provide insight regarding current applications of mammalian models in AD research by addressing recent developments and characterizations of prominent transgenic models and their contributions to pathogenesis as well as discuss the advantages, limitations, and application of emerging models that better capture genetic heterogeneity and mixed pathologies observed in the clinical situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Sharma
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-A Chang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hulme
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Chaoul V, Dib EY, Bedran J, Khoury C, Shmoury O, Harb F, Soueid J. Assessing Drug Administration Techniques in Zebrafish Models of Neurological Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14898. [PMID: 37834345 PMCID: PMC10573323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases, including neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, affect nearly one in six of the world's population. The burden of the resulting deaths and disability is set to rise during the next few decades as a consequence of an aging population. To address this, zebrafish have become increasingly prominent as a model for studying human neurological diseases and exploring potential therapies. Zebrafish offer numerous benefits, such as genetic homology and brain similarities, complementing traditional mammalian models and serving as a valuable tool for genetic screening and drug discovery. In this comprehensive review, we highlight various drug delivery techniques and systems employed for therapeutic interventions of neurological diseases in zebrafish, and evaluate their suitability. We also discuss the challenges encountered during this process and present potential advancements in innovative techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Chaoul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon; (V.C.); (J.B.); (O.S.)
| | - Emanuel-Youssef Dib
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat P.O. Box 100, Lebanon; (E.-Y.D.); (C.K.)
| | - Joe Bedran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon; (V.C.); (J.B.); (O.S.)
| | - Chakib Khoury
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat P.O. Box 100, Lebanon; (E.-Y.D.); (C.K.)
| | - Omar Shmoury
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon; (V.C.); (J.B.); (O.S.)
| | - Frédéric Harb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat P.O. Box 100, Lebanon; (E.-Y.D.); (C.K.)
| | - Jihane Soueid
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon; (V.C.); (J.B.); (O.S.)
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Yang Y, García-Cruzado M, Zeng H, Camprubí-Ferrer L, Bahatyrevich-Kharitonik B, Bachiller S, Deierborg T. LPS priming before plaque deposition impedes microglial activation and restrains Aβ pathology in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 113:228-247. [PMID: 37437821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia have an innate immunity memory (IIM) with divergent functions in different animal models of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is characterized by chronic neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, tau tangles and β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition. Systemic inflammation has been implicated in contributing to the progression of AD. Multiple reports have demonstrated unique microglial signatures in AD mouse models and patients. However, the proteomic profiles of microglia modified by IIM have not been well-documented in an AD model. Therefore, in the present study, we investigate whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IIM in the pre-clinical stage of AD alters the microglial responses and shapes the neuropathology. We accomplished this by priming 5xFAD and wild-type (WT) mice with an LPS injection at 6 weeks (before the robust development of plaques). 140 days later, we evaluated microglial morphology, activation, the microglial barrier around Aβ, and Aβ deposition in both 5xFAD primed and unprimed mice. Priming induced decreased soma size of microglia and reduced colocalization of PSD95 and Synaptophysin in the retrosplenial cortex. Priming appeared to increase phagocytosis of Aβ, resulting in fewer Thioflavin S+ Aβ fibrils in the dentate gyrus. RIPA-soluble Aβ 40 and 42 were significantly reduced in Primed-5xFAD mice leading to a smaller size of MOAB2+ Aβ plaques in the prefrontal cortex. We also found that Aβ-associated microglia in the Primed-5xFAD mice were less activated and fewer in number. After priming, we also observed improved memory performance in 5xFAD. To further elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying these changes, we performed quantitative proteomic analysis of microglia and bone marrow monocytes. A specific pattern in the microglial proteome was revealed in primed 5xFAD mice. These results suggest that the imprint signatures of primed microglia display a distinctive phenotype and highlight the potential for a beneficial adaption of microglia when intervention occurs in the pre-clinical stage of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Yang
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Lund University, Sweden.
| | - Marta García-Cruzado
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Hairuo Zeng
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Lluís Camprubí-Ferrer
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Bazhena Bahatyrevich-Kharitonik
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Lund University, Sweden; Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, University of Seville, CSIC, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Sara Bachiller
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Lund University, Sweden; Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, University of Seville, CSIC, Spain; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Tomas Deierborg
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Lund University, Sweden.
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Loeffler DA. Antibody-Mediated Clearance of Brain Amyloid-β: Mechanisms of Action, Effects of Natural and Monoclonal Anti-Aβ Antibodies, and Downstream Effects. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:873-899. [PMID: 37662616 PMCID: PMC10473157 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapeutic efforts to slow the clinical progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by lowering brain amyloid-β (Aβ) have included Aβ vaccination, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) products, and anti-Aβ monoclonal antibodies. Neither Aβ vaccination nor IVIG slowed disease progression. Despite conflicting phase III results, the monoclonal antibody Aducanumab received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for treatment of AD in June 2021. The only treatments unequivocally demonstrated to slow AD progression to date are the monoclonal antibodies Lecanemab and Donanemab. Lecanemab received FDA approval in January 2023 based on phase II results showing lowering of PET-detectable Aβ; phase III results released at that time indicated slowing of disease progression. Topline results released in May 2023 for Donanemab's phase III trial revealed that primary and secondary end points had been met. Antibody binding to Aβ facilitates its clearance from the brain via multiple mechanisms including promoting its microglial phagocytosis, activating complement, dissolving fibrillar Aβ, and binding of antibody-Aβ complexes to blood-brain barrier receptors. Antibody binding to Aβ in peripheral blood may also promote cerebral efflux of Aβ by a peripheral sink mechanism. According to the amyloid hypothesis, for Aβ targeting to slow AD progression, it must decrease downstream neuropathological processes including tau aggregation and phosphorylation and (possibly) inflammation and oxidative stress. This review discusses antibody-mediated mechanisms of Aβ clearance, findings in AD trials involving Aβ vaccination, IVIG, and anti-Aβ monoclonal antibodies, downstream effects reported in those trials, and approaches which might improve the Aβ-clearing ability of monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Loeffler
- Beaumont Research Institute, Department of Neurology, Corewell Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
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Zhu WH, Yang XX, Gou XZ, Fu SM, Chen JH, Gao F, Shen Y, Bi DL, Tang AH. Nanoscale reorganisation of synaptic proteins in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2023; 49:e12924. [PMID: 37461203 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Synaptic strength depends strongly on the subsynaptic organisation of presynaptic transmitter release and postsynaptic receptor densities, and their alterations are expected to underlie pathologies. Although synaptic dysfunctions are common pathogenic traits of Alzheimer's disease (AD), it remains unknown whether synaptic protein nano-organisation is altered in AD. Here, we systematically characterised the alterations in the subsynaptic organisation in cellular and mouse models of AD. METHODS We used immunostaining and super-resolution stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy imaging to quantitatively examine the synaptic protein nano-organisation in both Aβ1-42-treated neuronal cultures and cortical sections from a mouse model of AD, APP23 mice. RESULTS We found that Aβ1-42-treatment of cultured hippocampal neurons decreased the synaptic retention of postsynaptic scaffolds and receptors and disrupted their nanoscale alignment to presynaptic transmitter release sites. In cortical sections, we found that while GluA1 receptors in wild-type mice were organised in subsynaptic nanoclusters with high local densities, receptors in APP23 mice distributed more homogeneously within synapses. This reorganisation, together with the reduced overall receptor density, led to reduced glutamatergic synaptic transmission. Meanwhile, the transsynaptic alignment between presynaptic release-guiding RIM1/2 and postsynaptic scaffolding protein PSD-95 was reduced in APP23 mice. Importantly, these reorganisations were progressive with age and were more pronounced in synapses in close vicinity of Aβ plaques with dense cores. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed a spatiotemporal-specific reorganisation of synaptic nanostructures in AD and identifies dense-core amyloid plaques as the major local inductor in APP23 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Hui Zhu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Yang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xu-Zhuo Gou
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
| | - Shu-Mei Fu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jia-Hui Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Shen
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Dan-Lei Bi
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Ai-Hui Tang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Ulaganathan S, Pitchaimani A. Spontaneous and familial models of Alzheimer's disease: Challenges and advances in preclinical research. Life Sci 2023:121918. [PMID: 37422070 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder that is progressive and irreversible in nature. Even after decades of dedicated research and paradigm-shifting hypotheses of AD etiology, very few well-founded credible improvements have been foreseen in understanding the actual underlying mechanisms involved in the development of the disorder. As for any disease to be well-comprehended, AD also requires optimal modelling strategies, which will then pave way for effective therapeutic interventions. Most of the clinical trials and research towards better treatment of AD fail in translation, due to the inefficacy of explored animal models to mimic the actual AD pathology, precisely. The majority of the existing AD models are developed based on the mutations found in the familial form of AD (fAD) which accounts for less than 5 % of the incidence of AD. Further, the investigations also face more challenges due to the additional complexities and lacunae found in etiology of sporadic form of AD (sAD), which accounts for 95 % of total AD. This review illustrates the gaps found in different models of AD, both sporadic and familial variants with additional focus on recent avenues for accurate simulation of AD pathology using in vitro and chimeric AD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryapriya Ulaganathan
- Precision Nanomedicine and Microfluidic Lab, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, TN, India; School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, TN, India
| | - Arunkumar Pitchaimani
- Precision Nanomedicine and Microfluidic Lab, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, TN, India; School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, TN, India.
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38
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Zhang Y, Chen H, Li R, Sterling K, Song W. Amyloid β-based therapy for Alzheimer's disease: challenges, successes and future. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:248. [PMID: 37386015 PMCID: PMC10310781 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β protein (Aβ) is the main component of neuritic plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and its accumulation has been considered as the molecular driver of Alzheimer's pathogenesis and progression. Aβ has been the prime target for the development of AD therapy. However, the repeated failures of Aβ-targeted clinical trials have cast considerable doubt on the amyloid cascade hypothesis and whether the development of Alzheimer's drug has followed the correct course. However, the recent successes of Aβ targeted trials have assuaged those doubts. In this review, we discussed the evolution of the amyloid cascade hypothesis over the last 30 years and summarized its application in Alzheimer's diagnosis and modification. In particular, we extensively discussed the pitfalls, promises and important unanswered questions regarding the current anti-Aβ therapy, as well as strategies for further study and development of more feasible Aβ-targeted approaches in the optimization of AD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Huaqiu Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Keenan Sterling
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Weihong Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Bhatti JS, Kaur S, Mishra J, Dibbanti H, Singh A, Reddy AP, Bhatti GK, Reddy PH. Targeting dynamin-related protein-1 as a potential therapeutic approach for mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166798. [PMID: 37392948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that manifests its pathology through synaptic damage, mitochondrial abnormalities, microRNA deregulation, hormonal imbalance, increased astrocytes & microglia, accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) and phosphorylated Tau in the brains of AD patients. Despite extensive research, the effective treatment of AD is still unknown. Tau hyperphosphorylation and mitochondrial abnormalities are involved in the loss of synapses, defective axonal transport and cognitive decline in patients with AD. Mitochondrial dysfunction is evidenced by enhanced mitochondrial fragmentation, impaired mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial biogenesis and defective mitophagy in AD. Hence, targeting mitochondrial proteins might be a promising therapeutic strategy in treating AD. Recently, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a mitochondrial fission protein, has gained attention due to its interactions with Aβ and hyperphosphorylated Tau, altering mitochondrial morphology, dynamics, and bioenergetics. These interactions affect ATP production in mitochondria. A reduction in Drp1 GTPase activity protects against neurodegeneration in AD models. This article provides a comprehensive overview of Drp1's involvement in oxidative damage, apoptosis, mitophagy, and axonal transport of mitochondria. We also highlighted the interaction of Drp1 with Aβ and Tau, which may contribute to AD progression. In conclusion, targeting Drp1 could be a potential therapeutic approach for preventing AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| | - Satinder Kaur
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Jayapriya Mishra
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | | | - Arti Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Arubala P Reddy
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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40
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Drew VJ, Wang C, Kim T. Progressive sleep disturbance in various transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1119810. [PMID: 37273656 PMCID: PMC10235623 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1119810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia. The relationship between AD and sleep dysfunction has received increased attention over the past decade. The use of genetically engineered mouse models with enhanced production of amyloid beta (Aβ) or hyperphosphorylated tau has played a critical role in the understanding of the pathophysiology of AD. However, their revelations regarding the progression of sleep impairment in AD have been highly dependent on the mouse model used and the specific techniques employed to examine sleep. Here, we discuss the sleep disturbances and general pathology of 15 mouse models of AD. Sleep disturbances covered in this review include changes to NREM and REM sleep duration, bout lengths, bout counts and power spectra. Our aim is to describe in detail the severity and chronology of sleep disturbances within individual mouse models of AD, as well as reveal broader trends of sleep deterioration that are shared among most models. This review also explores a variety of potential mechanisms relating Aβ accumulation and tau neurofibrillary tangles to the progressive deterioration of sleep observed in AD. Lastly, this review offers perspective on how study design might impact our current understanding of sleep disturbances in AD and provides strategies for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor J. Drew
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanung Wang
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Tae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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41
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Suelves N, Saleki S, Ibrahim T, Palomares D, Moonen S, Koper MJ, Vrancx C, Vadukul DM, Papadopoulos N, Viceconte N, Claude E, Vandenberghe R, von Arnim CAF, Constantinescu SN, Thal DR, Decottignies A, Kienlen-Campard P. Senescence-related impairment of autophagy induces toxic intraneuronal amyloid-β accumulation in a mouse model of amyloid pathology. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:82. [PMID: 37198698 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the main risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative pathologies, but the molecular and cellular changes underlying pathological aging of the nervous system are poorly understood. AD pathology seems to correlate with the appearance of cells that become senescent due to the progressive accumulation of cellular insults causing DNA damage. Senescence has also been shown to reduce the autophagic flux, a mechanism involved in clearing damaged proteins from the cell, and such impairment has been linked to AD pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the role of cellular senescence on AD pathology by crossing a mouse model of AD-like amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology (5xFAD) with a mouse model of senescence that is genetically deficient for the RNA component of the telomerase (Terc-/-). We studied changes in amyloid pathology, neurodegeneration, and the autophagy process in brain tissue samples and primary cultures derived from these mice by complementary biochemical and immunostaining approaches. Postmortem human brain samples were also processed to evaluate autophagy defects in AD patients. Our results show that accelerated senescence produces an early accumulation of intraneuronal Aβ in the subiculum and cortical layer V of 5xFAD mice. This correlates with a reduction in amyloid plaques and Aβ levels in connecting brain regions at a later disease stage. Neuronal loss was specifically observed in brain regions presenting intraneuronal Aβ and was linked to telomere attrition. Our results indicate that senescence affects intraneuronal Aβ accumulation by impairing autophagy function and that early autophagy defects can be found in the brains of AD patients. Together, these findings demonstrate the instrumental role of senescence in intraneuronal Aβ accumulation, which represents a key event in AD pathophysiology, and emphasize the correlation between the initial stages of amyloid pathology and defects in the autophagy flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Suelves
- Aging and Dementia Group, Cellular and Molecular Division (CEMO), Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Shirine Saleki
- Aging and Dementia Group, Cellular and Molecular Division (CEMO), Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tasha Ibrahim
- Aging and Dementia Group, Cellular and Molecular Division (CEMO), Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Debora Palomares
- Aging and Dementia Group, Cellular and Molecular Division (CEMO), Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Moonen
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Vlaams Instituut Voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marta J Koper
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Vlaams Instituut Voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Céline Vrancx
- Aging and Dementia Group, Cellular and Molecular Division (CEMO), Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, Department of Neurosciences, Vlaams Instituut Voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Center for Brain and Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Devkee M Vadukul
- Aging and Dementia Group, Cellular and Molecular Division (CEMO), Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nicolas Papadopoulos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
- SIGN Unit, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nikenza Viceconte
- Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations of Genomes Unit, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- CENTOGENE GmbH, 18055, Rostock, Germany
| | - Eloïse Claude
- Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations of Genomes Unit, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine A F von Arnim
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Geriatrics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan N Constantinescu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
- SIGN Unit, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Brussels, Belgium
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Dietmar Rudolf Thal
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anabelle Decottignies
- Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations of Genomes Unit, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pascal Kienlen-Campard
- Aging and Dementia Group, Cellular and Molecular Division (CEMO), Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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42
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Chang C, Zuo H, Li Y. Recent advances in deciphering hippocampus complexity using single-cell transcriptomics. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 179:106062. [PMID: 36878328 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq) technologies have emerged as revolutionary and powerful tools, which have helped in achieving significant progress in biomedical research over the last decade. scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq resolve heterogeneous cell populations from different tissues and help reveal the function and dynamics at the single-cell level. The hippocampus is an essential component for cognitive functions, including learning, memory, and emotion regulation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the activity of hippocampus have not been fully elucidated. The development of scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq technologies provides strong support for attaining an in-depth understanding of hippocampal cell types and gene expression regulation from the single-cell transcriptome profiling perspective. This review summarizes the applications of scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq in the hippocampus to further expand our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms related to hippocampal development, health, and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Chang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hongyan Zuo
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
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Sreenivasamurthy S, Laul M, Zhao N, Kim T, Zhu D. Current progress of cerebral organoids for modeling Alzheimer's disease origins and mechanisms. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10378. [PMID: 36925717 PMCID: PMC10013781 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease that has emerged as a leading risk factor for dementia associated with increasing age. Two-dimensional (2D) cell culture and animal models, which have been used to analyze AD pathology and search for effective treatments for decades, have significantly contributed to our understanding of the mechanism of AD. Despite their successes, 2D and animal models can only capture a fraction of AD mechanisms due to their inability to recapitulate human brain-specific tissue structure, function, and cellular diversity. Recently, the emergence of three-dimensional (3D) cerebral organoids using tissue engineering and induced pluripotent stem cell technology has paved the way to develop models that resemble features of human brain tissue more accurately in comparison to prior models. In this review, we focus on summarizing key research strategies for engineering in vitro 3D human brain-specific models, major discoveries from using AD cerebral organoids, and its future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Sreenivasamurthy
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Mahek Laul
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Nan Zhao
- Institute for NanobiotechnologyJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Tiffany Kim
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Donghui Zhu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew YorkUSA
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Hebisch M, Klostermeier S, Wolf K, Boccaccini AR, Wolf SE, Tanzi RE, Kim DY. The Impact of the Cellular Environment and Aging on Modeling Alzheimer's Disease in 3D Cell Culture Models. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205037. [PMID: 36642841 PMCID: PMC10015857 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Creating a cellular model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that accurately recapitulates disease pathology has been a longstanding challenge. Recent studies showed that human AD neural cells, integrated into three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel matrix, display key features of AD neuropathology. Like in the human brain, the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a critical role in determining the rate of neuropathogenesis in hydrogel-based 3D cellular models. Aging, the greatest risk factor for AD, significantly alters brain ECM properties. Therefore, it is important to understand how age-associated changes in ECM affect accumulation of pathogenic molecules, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in AD patients and in vitro models. In this review, mechanistic hypotheses is presented to address the impact of the ECM properties and their changes with aging on AD and AD-related dementias. Altered ECM characteristics in aged brains, including matrix stiffness, pore size, and composition, will contribute to disease pathogenesis by modulating the accumulation, propagation, and spreading of pathogenic molecules of AD. Emerging hydrogel-based disease models with differing ECM properties provide an exciting opportunity to study the impact of brain ECM aging on AD pathogenesis, providing novel mechanistic insights. Understanding the role of ECM aging in AD pathogenesis should also improve modeling AD in 3D hydrogel systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hebisch
- Genetics and Aging Research UnitMcCance Center for Brain health, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMA02129USA
| | - Stefanie Klostermeier
- Institute of Medical PhysicsFriedrich‐Alexander Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg91052ErlangenGermany
- Max‐Planck‐Zentrum für Physik und Medizin91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Katharina Wolf
- Department of Medicine 1Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of BiomaterialsDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg91058ErlangenGermany
| | - Stephan E. Wolf
- Institute of Glass and CeramicsDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg91058ErlangenGermany
| | - Rudolph E. Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Research UnitMcCance Center for Brain health, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMA02129USA
| | - Doo Yeon Kim
- Genetics and Aging Research UnitMcCance Center for Brain health, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMA02129USA
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Yang H, Yuan P, Wu Y, Shi M, Caro CD, Tengeiji A, Yamanoi S, Inoue M, DeGrado WF, Condello C. EMBER multi-dimensional spectral microscopy enables quantitative determination of disease- and cell-specific amyloid strains. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.01.526692. [PMID: 36778268 PMCID: PMC9915571 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.01.526692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
In neurodegenerative diseases proteins fold into amyloid structures with distinct conformations (strains) that are characteristic of different diseases. However, there is a need to rapidly identify amyloid conformations in situ . Here we use machine learning on the full information available in fluorescent excitation/emission spectra of amyloid binding dyes to identify six distinct different conformational strains in vitro , as well as Aβ deposits in different transgenic mouse models. Our EMBER (excitation multiplexed bright emission recording) imaging method rapidly identifies conformational differences in Aβ and tau deposits from Down syndrome, sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease human brain slices. EMBER has in situ identified distinct conformational strains of tau inclusions in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons from Pick's disease. In future studies, EMBER should enable high-throughput measurements of the fidelity of strain transmission in cellular and animal neurodegenerative diseases models, time course of amyloid strain propagation, and identification of pathogenic versus benign strains. Significance In neurodegenerative diseases proteins fold into amyloid structures with distinct conformations (strains) that are characteristic of different diseases. There is a need to rapidly identify these amyloid conformations in situ . Here we use machine learning on the full information available in fluorescent excitation/emission spectra of amyloid binding dyes to identify six distinct different conformational strains in vitro , as well as Aβ deposits in different transgenic mouse models. Our imaging method rapidly identifies conformational differences in Aβ and tau deposits from Down syndrome, sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease human brain slices. We also identified distinct conformational strains of tau inclusions in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons from Pick's disease. These findings will facilitate the identification of pathogenic protein aggregates to guide research and treatment of protein misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjun Yang
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Peng Yuan
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Yibing Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Marie Shi
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Christoffer D Caro
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | | | | | | | - William F DeGrado
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Carlo Condello
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
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Effect of neurotropin on Alzheimer's disease-like changes and cognitive function in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Neuroreport 2023; 34:170-177. [PMID: 36719834 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is a main mechanism of cerebrovascular disease and is associated with various cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. However, treatment of CCH in clinical practice is not ideal, but neurotropin (NTP) has been shown to have a neuroprotective effect. Therefore, this study examined the effect and possible mechanism of NTP in nerve injury caused by CCH. A rat CCH model was established by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2VO), and rats were treated with intragastric administration of NTP (200 nu/kg/day) for 28 consecutive days. After treatment, rats were subjected to the Morris water maze and novel object recognition test. Subsequently, an ELISA was applied to detect amyloid-β (Aβ) 1-40 and Aβ1-42 levels in rat hippocampal tissues, quantitative reverse transcription PCR assays were used to detect the mRNA expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Trk B, and Western blots were used to detect the protein expression levels of BACE1, tau, p-tau, and protein kinase B (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) pathway-related proteins. The rat model of CCH was successfully established by 2VO. Behavioral tests indicated that the cognitive ability of 2VO rats was severely impaired. NTP treatment greatly ameliorated the cognitive disability, reduced Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 levels and tau phosphorylation, and upregulated BACE1, Trk B, and BDNF expression in the hippocampus of 2VO rats. Finally, we found that NTP markedly activated Akt/GSK3β pathway activity. NTP can ameliorate cognitive disability in CCH rats possibly by reducing Aβ accumulation and tau phosphorylation in the hippocampus. These effects of NTP may be related to the Akt/GSK3β pathway activation. NTP may be a promising new drug candidate for CCH patients.
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Wang X, Yang X, Hou Z, Tian S, Xu G, Li J, Wen L, Bi D, Gao F, Shen Y, Huang G. Whole-brain mapping of metabolic alterations in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging. Talanta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Barendrecht S, Schreurs A, Geissler S, Sabanov V, Ilse V, Rieckmann V, Eichentopf R, Künemund A, Hietel B, Wussow S, Hoffmann K, Körber-Ferl K, Pandey R, Carter GW, Demuth HU, Holzer M, Roßner S, Schilling S, Preuss C, Balschun D, Cynis H. A novel human tau knock-in mouse model reveals interaction of Abeta and human tau under progressing cerebral amyloidosis in 5xFAD mice. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:16. [PMID: 36641439 PMCID: PMC9840277 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01144-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperphosphorylation and intraneuronal aggregation of the microtubule-associated protein tau is a major pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. Of special interest is the effect of cerebral amyloid beta deposition, the second main hallmark of AD, on human tau pathology. Therefore, studying the influence of cerebral amyloidosis on human tau in a novel human tau knock-in (htau-KI) mouse model could help to reveal new details on their interplay. METHODS We studied the effects of a novel human htau-KI under fast-progressing amyloidosis in 5xFAD mice in terms of correlation of gene expression data with human brain regions, development of Alzheimer's-like pathology, synaptic transmission, and behavior. RESULTS The main findings are an interaction of human beta-amyloid and human tau in crossbred 5xFADxhtau-KI observed at transcriptional level and corroborated by electrophysiology and histopathology. The comparison of gene expression data of the 5xFADxhtau-KI mouse model to 5xFAD, control mice and to human AD patients revealed conspicuous changes in pathways related to mitochondria biology, extracellular matrix, and immune function. These changes were accompanied by plaque-associated MC1-positive pathological tau that required the htau-KI background. LTP deficits were noted in 5xFAD and htau-KI mice in contrast to signs of rescue in 5xFADxhtau-KI mice. Increased frequencies of miniature EPSCs and miniature IPSCs indicated an upregulated presynaptic function in 5xFADxhtau-KI. CONCLUSION In summary, the multiple interactions observed between knocked-in human tau and the 5xFAD-driven progressing amyloidosis have important implications for future model development in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Barendrecht
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - An Schreurs
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884KU Leuven, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Brain & Cognition, Tiensestraat 102, box 3714, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefanie Geissler
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Victor Sabanov
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884KU Leuven, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Brain & Cognition, Tiensestraat 102, box 3714, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Victoria Ilse
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Vera Rieckmann
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Rico Eichentopf
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884KU Leuven, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Brain & Cognition, Tiensestraat 102, box 3714, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anja Künemund
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Benjamin Hietel
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wussow
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Katrin Hoffmann
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute for Human Genetics, Magdeburger Strasse 2, 06112 Halle, Germany
| | - Kerstin Körber-Ferl
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute for Human Genetics, Magdeburger Strasse 2, 06112 Halle, Germany
| | - Ravi Pandey
- grid.249880.f0000 0004 0374 0039The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA
| | - Gregory W. Carter
- grid.249880.f0000 0004 0374 0039The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA
| | - Hans-Ulrich Demuth
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Max Holzer
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Roßner
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Schilling
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle, Germany ,grid.427932.90000 0001 0692 3664Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Bernburger Straße 55, 06366 Köthen, Germany
| | - Christoph Preuss
- grid.249880.f0000 0004 0374 0039The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA
| | - Detlef Balschun
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884KU Leuven, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Brain & Cognition, Tiensestraat 102, box 3714, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Holger Cynis
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle, Germany
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Demuth H, Hosseini S, Düsedeau HP, Dunay IR, Korte M, Zagrebelsky M. Deletion of p75 NTR rescues the synaptic but not the inflammatory status in the brain of a mouse model for Alzheimer's disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1163087. [PMID: 37213691 PMCID: PMC10198655 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1163087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD), is characterized by a gradual cognitive decline associated with the accumulation of Amyloid beta (Aβ)-oligomers, progressive neuronal degeneration and chronic neuroinflammation. Among the receptors shown to bind and possibly transduce the toxic effects of Aβ-oligomers is the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR). Interestingly, p75NTR mediates several crucial processes in the nervous system, including neuronal survival and apoptosis, maintenance of the neuronal architecture, and plasticity. Furthermore, p75NTR is also expressed in microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, where it is markedly increased under pathological conditions. These observations indicate p75NTR as a potential candidate for mediating Aβ-induced toxic effects at the interface between the nervous and the immune system, thereby potentially participating in the crosstalk between these two systems. Methods Here we used APP/PS1 transgenic mice (APP/PS1tg) and compared the Aβ-induced alterations in neuronal function, chronic inflammation as well as their cognitive consequences between 10 months old APP/PS1tg and APP/PS1tg x p75NTRexonIV knockout mice. Results Electrophysiological recordings show that a loss of p75NTR rescues the impairment in long-term potentiation at the Schaffer collaterals in the hippocampus of APP/PS1tg mice. Interestingly, however loss of p75NTR does not influence the severity of neuroinflammation, microglia activation or the decline in spatial learning and memory processes observed in APP/PS1tg mice. Conclusion Together these results indicate that while a deletion of p75NTR rescues the synaptic defect and the impairment in synaptic plasticity, it does not affect the progression of the neuroinflammation and the cognitive decline in a mouse model for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Demuth
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Braunschweig, Germany
- Research Group Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, AG NIND, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Shirin Hosseini
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Braunschweig, Germany
- Research Group Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, AG NIND, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Henning Peter Düsedeau
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I3), Otto-von- Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ildiko Rita Dunay
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I3), Otto-von- Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Korte
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Braunschweig, Germany
- Research Group Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, AG NIND, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marta Zagrebelsky
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Braunschweig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Marta Zagrebelsky,
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Gorina YV, Vlasova OL, Bolshakova AV, Salmina AB. Alzheimer’s Disease: a Search for the Best Experimental Models to Decode Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Its Development. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093023010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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