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Mitchelson KAJ, O’Connell F, O’Sullivan J, Roche HM. Obesity, Dietary Fats, and Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk-Potential Mechanisms Relating to Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation. Metabolites 2024; 14:42. [PMID: 38248845 PMCID: PMC10821017 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major driving factor in the incidence, progression, and poor treatment response in gastrointestinal cancers. Herein, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the impact of obesity and its resulting metabolic perturbations across four gastrointestinal cancer types, namely, oesophageal, gastric, liver, and colorectal cancer. Importantly, not all obese phenotypes are equal. Obese adipose tissue heterogeneity depends on the location, structure, cellular profile (including resident immune cell populations), and dietary fatty acid intake. We discuss whether adipose heterogeneity impacts the tumorigenic environment. Dietary fat quality, in particular saturated fatty acids, promotes a hypertrophic, pro-inflammatory adipose profile, in contrast to monounsaturated fatty acids, resulting in a hyperplastic, less inflammatory adipose phenotype. The purpose of this review is to examine the impact of obesity, including dietary fat quality, on adipose tissue biology and oncogenesis, specifically focusing on lipid metabolism and inflammatory mechanisms. This is achieved with a particular focus on gastrointestinal cancers as exemplar models of obesity-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A. J. Mitchelson
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, UCD Institute of Food and Health, and School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 H1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona O’Connell
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jacintha O’Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen M. Roche
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, UCD Institute of Food and Health, and School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 H1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
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Shea AA, Heffron CL, Grieco JP, Roberts PC, Schmelz EM. Obesity modulates the cellular and molecular microenvironment in the peritoneal cavity: implication for ovarian cancer risk. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1323399. [PMID: 38264656 PMCID: PMC10803595 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1323399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Abdominal obesity increases the risk of developing ovarian cancer but the molecular mechanisms of how obesity supports ovarian cancer development remain unknown. Here we investigated the impact of obesity on the immune cell and gene expression profiles of distinct abdominal tissues, focusing on the peritoneal serous fluid (PSF) and the omental fat band (OFB) as critical determinants for the dissemination of ovarian metastases and early metastatic events within the peritoneal cavity. Methods Female C57BL/6 mice were fed a low-fat (LFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks until the body weights in the HFD group were significantly higher and the mice displayed an impaired glucose tolerance. Then the mice were injected with the murine ovarian cancer cells (MOSE-LTICv) while remaining on their diets. After 21 days, the mice were sacrificed, tumor burden was evaluated and tissues were harvested. The immune cell composition of abdominal tissues and changes in gene expression in the PSF and OFB were evaluated by flow cytometry and qPCR RT2-profiler PCR arrays and confirmed by qRT-PCR, respectively. Other peritoneal adipose tissues including parametrial and retroperitoneal white adipose tissues as well as blood were also investigated. Results While limited effects were observed in the other peritoneal adipose tissues, feeding mice the HFD led to distinct changes in the immune cell composition in the PSF and the OFB: a depletion of B cells but an increase in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and mono/granulocytes, generating pro-inflammatory environments with increased expression of cyto- and chemokines, and genes supporting adhesion, survival, and growth, as well as suppression of apoptosis. This was associated with a higher peritoneal tumor burden compared to mice fed a LFD. Changes in cellular and genetic profiles were often exacerbated by the HFD. There was a large overlap in genes that were modulated by both the HFD and the cancer cells, suggesting that this 'genetic fingerprint' is important for ovarian metastases to the OFB. Discussion In accordance with the 'seed and soil' theory, our studies show that obesity contributes to the generation of a pro-inflammatory peritoneal environment that supports the survival of disseminating ovarian cancer cells in the PSF and the OFB and enhances the early metastatic adhesion events in the OFB through an increase in extracellular matrix proteins and modulators such as fibronectin 1 and collagen I expression as well as in genes supporting growth and invasion such as Tenacin C. The identified genes could potentially be used as targets for prevention strategies to lower the ovarian cancer risk in women with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A. Shea
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Connie Lynn Heffron
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Joseph P. Grieco
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Paul C. Roberts
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Eva M. Schmelz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Olou AA, Ambrose J, Jack JL, Walsh M, Ruckert MT, Eades AE, Bye BA, Dandawate P, VanSaun MN. SHP2 regulates adipose maintenance and adipocyte-pancreatic cancer cell crosstalk via PDHA1. J Cell Commun Signal 2023; 17:575-590. [PMID: 36074246 PMCID: PMC10409927 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-022-00691-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes are the most abundant cell type in the adipose tissue, and their dysfunction is a significant driver of obesity-related pathologies, such as cancer. The mechanisms that (1) drive the maintenance and secretory activity of adipocytes and (2) mediate the cancer cellular response to the adipocyte-derived factors are not fully understood. To address that gap of knowledge, we investigated how alterations in Src homology region 2-containing protein (SHP2) activity affect adipocyte function and tumor crosstalk. We found that phospho-SHP2 levels are elevated in adipose tissue of obese mice, obese patients, and differentiating adipocytes. Immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation analyses as well as in-silico protein-protein interaction modeling demonstrated that SHP2 associates with PDHA1, and that a positive association promotes a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-driven adipogenic program. Accordingly, this SHP2-PDHA1-ROS regulatory axis was crucial for adipocyte maintenance and secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a key cancer-promoting cytokine. Mature adipocytes treated with an inhibitor for SHP2, PDHA1, or ROS exhibited an increased level of pro-lipolytic and thermogenic proteins, corresponding to an increased glycerol release, but a suppression of secreted IL-6. A functional analysis of adipocyte-cancer cell crosstalk demonstrated a decreased migration, invasion, and a slight suppression of cell cycling, corresponding to a reduced growth of pancreatic cancer cells exposed to conditioned media (CM) from mature adipocytes previously treated with inhibitors for SHP2/PDHA1/ROS. Importantly, PDAC cell growth stimulation in response to adipocyte CM correlated with PDHA1 induction but was suppressed by a PDHA1 inhibitor. The data point to a novel role for (1) SHP2-PDHA1-ROS in adipocyte maintenance and secretory activity and (2) PDHA1 as a regulator of the pancreatic cancer cells response to adipocyte-derived factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Appolinaire A Olou
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
| | - Joe Ambrose
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Jarrid L Jack
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - McKinnon Walsh
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Mariana T Ruckert
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Austin E Eades
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Bailey A Bye
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Prasad Dandawate
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Michael N VanSaun
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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Lee-Rueckert M, Canyelles M, Tondo M, Rotllan N, Kovanen PT, Llorente-Cortes V, Escolà-Gil JC. Obesity-induced changes in cancer cells and their microenvironment: Mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives to manage dysregulated lipid metabolism. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 93:36-51. [PMID: 37156344 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has been closely related to cancer progression, recurrence, metastasis, and treatment resistance. We aim to review recent progress in the knowledge on the obese macroenvironment and the generated adipose tumor microenvironment (TME) inducing lipid metabolic dysregulation and their influence on carcinogenic processes. Visceral white adipose tissue expansion during obesity exerts systemic or macroenvironmental effects on tumor initiation, growth, and invasion by promoting inflammation, hyperinsulinemia, growth-factor release, and dyslipidemia. The dynamic relationship between cancer and stromal cells of the obese adipose TME is critical for cancer cell survival and proliferation as well. Experimental evidence shows that secreted paracrine signals from cancer cells can induce lipolysis in cancer-associated adipocytes, causing them to release free fatty acids and acquire a fibroblast-like phenotype. Such adipocyte delipidation and phenotypic change is accompanied by an increased secretion of cytokines by cancer-associated adipocytes and tumor-associated macrophages in the TME. Mechanistically, the availability of adipose TME free fatty acids and tumorigenic cytokines concomitant with the activation of angiogenic processes creates an environment that favors a shift in the cancer cells toward an aggressive phenotype associated with increased invasiveness. We conclude that restoring the aberrant metabolic alterations in the host macroenvironment and in adipose TME of obese subjects would be a therapeutic option to prevent cancer development. Several dietary, lipid-based, and oral antidiabetic pharmacological therapies could potentially prevent tumorigenic processes associated with the dysregulated lipid metabolism closely linked to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Canyelles
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Tondo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortes
- Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.
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Interplay between fat cells and immune cells in bone: Impact on malignant progression and therapeutic response. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 238:108274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wang YY, Hung AC, Wu YC, Lo S, Chen HD, Chen YK, Hsieh YC, Hu SCS, Hou MF, Yuan SSF. ADSCs stimulated by resistin promote breast cancer cell malignancy via CXCL5 in a breast cancer coculture model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15437. [PMID: 36104403 PMCID: PMC9475041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment represents one of the main obstacles in breast cancer treatment owing to the presence of heterogeneous stromal cells, such as adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), that may interact with breast cancer cells and promote cancer development. Resistin is an adipocytokine associated with adverse breast cancer progression; however, its underlying mechanisms in the context of the breast tumor microenvironment remain largely unidentified. Here, we utilized a transwell co-culture model containing patient-derived ADSCs and breast cancer cell lines to investigate their potential interaction, and observed that breast cancer cells co-cultured with resistin-treated ADSCs (R-ADSCs) showed enhanced cancer cell growth and metastatic ability. Screening by proteome arrays revealed that C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5) was released in the conditioned medium of the co-culture system, and phosphorylated ERK was increased in breast cancer cells after co-culture with R-ADSCs. Breast cancer cells treated with the recombinant proteins of CXCL5 showed similarly enhanced cell migration and invasion ability as occurred in the co-culture model, whereas application of neutralizing antibodies against CXCL5 reversed these phenomena. The orthotopic xenograft in mice by breast cancer cells after co-culture with R-ADSCs had a larger tumor growth and more CXCL5 expression than control. In addition, clinical analysis revealed a positive correlation between the expression of resistin and CXCL5 in both tumor tissues and serum specimens of breast cancer patients. The current study suggests that resistin-stimulated ADSCs may interact with breast cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment via CXCL5 secretion, leading to breast cancer cell malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Yun Wang
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Amos C Hung
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chia Wu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Steven Lo
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Huan-Da Chen
- Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuk-Kwan Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Oral Pathology and Maxillofacial Radiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Oral and Maxillofacial Imaging Center, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ching Hsieh
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stephen Chu-Sung Hu
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shyng-Shiou F Yuan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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Wu Y, Li X, Li Q, Cheng C, Zheng L. Adipose tissue-to-breast cancer crosstalk: Comprehensive insights. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188800. [PMID: 36103907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The review focuses on mechanistic evidence for the link between obesity and breast cancer. According to the IARC study, there is sufficient evidence that obesity is closely related to a variety of cancers. Among them, breast cancer is particularly disturbed by adipose tissue due to the unique histological structure of the breast. The review introduces the relationship between obesity and breast cancer from two aspects, including factors that promote tumorigenesis or metastasis. We summarize alterations in adipokines and metabolic pathways that contribute to breast cancer development. Breast cancer metastasis is closely related to obesity-induced pro-inflammatory microenvironment, adipose stem cells, and miRNAs. Based on the mechanism by which obesity causes breast cancer, we list possible therapeutic directions, including reducing the risk of breast cancer and inhibiting the progression of breast cancer. We also discussed the risk of autologous breast remodeling and fat transplantation. Finally, the causes of the obesity paradox and the function of enhancing immunity are discussed. Evaluating the balance between obesity-induced inflammation and enhanced immunity warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xu Li
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chienshan Cheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Núñez-Ruiz A, Sánchez-Brena F, López-Pacheco C, Acevedo-Domínguez NA, Soldevila G. Obesity modulates the immune macroenvironment associated with breast cancer development. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266827. [PMID: 35472214 PMCID: PMC9041840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence demonstrates a strong correlation between obesity and an increased risk of breast cancer, although the mechanisms involved have not been completely elucidated. Some reports have described a crosstalk between adipocytes, cancer cells, and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment, however, it is currently unknown whether obesity can promote tumor growth by inducing systemic alterations of the immune cell homeostasis in peripheral lymphoid organs and adipose tissue. Here, we used the E0771 breast cancer cell line in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity to analyze the immune subpopulations present in the tumors, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and spleen of lean and obese mice. Our results showed a significant reduction in the frequency of infiltrating CD8+ T cells and a decreased M1/M2 macrophage ratio, indicative of the compromised anti-tumoral immune response reported in obesity. Despite not finding differences in the percentage or numbers of intratumoral Tregs, phenotypic analysis showed that they were enriched in CD39+, PD-1+ and CCR8+ cells, compared to the draining lymph nodes, confirming the highly immunosuppressive profile of infiltrating Tregs reported in established tumors. Analysis of peripheral T lymphocytes showed that tumor development in obese mice was associated to a significant increase in the percentage of peripheral Tregs, which supports the systemic immunosuppressive effect caused by the tumor. Interestingly, evaluation of immune subpopulations in the VAT showed that the characteristic increase in the M1/M2 macrophage ratio reported in obesity, was completely reversed in tumor-bearing mice, resembling the M2-polarized profile found in the microenvironment of the growing tumor. Importantly, VAT Tregs, which are commonly decreased in obese mice, were significantly increased in the presence of breast tumors and displayed significantly higher levels of Foxp3, indicating a regulatory feedback mechanism triggered by tumor growth. Altogether, our results identify a complex reciprocal relationship between adipocytes, immune cells, and the tumor, which may modulate the immune macroenvironment that promotes breast cancer development in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleida Núñez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, México City, México
| | - Flor Sánchez-Brena
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, México City, México
| | - Cynthia López-Pacheco
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, México City, México
- Laboratorio Nacional de Citometría de Flujo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, México City, México
| | | | - Gloria Soldevila
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, México City, México
- * E-mail:
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Habanjar O, Diab-Assaf M, Caldefie-Chezet F, Delort L. The Impact of Obesity, Adipose Tissue, and Tumor Microenvironment on Macrophage Polarization and Metastasis. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:339. [PMID: 35205204 PMCID: PMC8869089 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is a major cause of death in cancer patients. It involves not only the intrinsic alterations within tumor cells, but also crosstalk between these cells and components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumorigenesis is a complex and dynamic process, involving the following three main stages: initiation, progression, and metastasis. The transition between these stages depends on the changes within the extracellular matrix (ECM), in which tumor and stromal cells reside. This matrix, under the effect of growth factors, cytokines, and adipokines, can be morphologically altered, degraded, or reorganized. Many cancers evolve to form an immunosuppressive TME locally and create a pre-metastatic niche in other tissue sites. TME and pre-metastatic niches include myofibroblasts, immuno-inflammatory cells (macrophages), adipocytes, blood, and lymphatic vascular networks. Several studies have highlighted the adipocyte-macrophage interaction as a key driver of cancer progression and dissemination. The following two main classes of macrophages are distinguished: M1 (pro-inflammatory/anti-tumor) and M2 (anti-inflammatory/pro-tumor). These cells exhibit distinct microenvironment-dependent phenotypes that can promote or inhibit metastasis. On the other hand, obesity in cancer patients has been linked to a poor prognosis. In this regard, tumor-associated adipocytes modulate TME through the secretion of inflammatory mediators, which modulate and recruit tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). Hereby, this review describes the cellular and molecular mechanisms that link inflammation, obesity, and cancer. It provides a comprehensive overview of adipocytes and macrophages in the ECM as they control cancer initiation, progression, and invasion. In addition, it addresses the mechanisms of tumor anchoring and recruitment for M1, M2, and TAM macrophages, specifically highlighting their origin, classification, polarization, and regulatory networks, as well as their roles in the regulation of angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and immunosuppression, specifically highlighting the role of adipocytes in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Habanjar
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, ECREIN, f-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (O.H.); (F.C.-C.)
| | - Mona Diab-Assaf
- Equipe Tumorigénèse Pharmacologie moléculaire et anticancéreuse, Faculté des Sciences II, Université libanaise Fanar, Beyrouth 1500, Liban;
| | - Florence Caldefie-Chezet
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, ECREIN, f-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (O.H.); (F.C.-C.)
| | - Laetitia Delort
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, ECREIN, f-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (O.H.); (F.C.-C.)
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10
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Benaiges E, Ceperuelo-Mallafré V, Madeira A, Bosch R, Núñez-Roa C, Ejarque M, Maymó-Masip E, Huber-Ruano I, Lejeune M, Vendrell J, Fernández-Veledo S. Survivin drives tumor-associated macrophage reprogramming: a novel mechanism with potential impact for obesity. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:777-792. [PMID: 33710603 PMCID: PMC8338861 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00597-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent studies point to adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) as a link between obesity and cancer. We aimed to determine whether survivin, which is highly secreted by ASCs from subjects with obesity, might drive a pro-tumoral phenotype in macrophages. METHODS The effect of ASC conditioned medium on the macrophage phenotype was assessed by expression studies. Survivin intracellular localization and internalization were examined by subcellular fractionation and immunofluorescence, respectively. Loss- and gain-of-function studies were performed using adenoviral vectors, and gene expression patterns, migration and invasion capacities of cancer cells were examined. Heterotypic cultures of ASCs, macrophages and cancer cells were established to mimic the tumor microenvironment. Survivin-blocking experiments were used to determine the impact of survivin on both macrophages and cancer cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of survivin was performed in macrophages from ascitic fluids of cancer patients and healthy controls. RESULTS We found that obese-derived ASCs induced a phenotypic switch in macrophages characterized by the expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory markers. Macrophages were found to internalize extracellular survivin, generating hybrid macrophages with a tumor-associated phenotype that included secretion of survivin. Exogenous expression of survivin in macrophages generated a similar phenotype and enhanced the malignant characteristics of cancer cells by a mechanism dependent on survivin phosphorylation at threonine 34. Survivin secreted by both ASCs from subjects with obesity and tumor-associated macrophages synergistically boosted the malignancy of cancer cells. Importantly, survivin was mainly detected in ascites-associated macrophages from patients with a malignant diagnosis. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that survivin may serve as a molecular link between obesity and cancer and as a novel marker for tumor-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Benaiges
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Rovira i Virgili University, 43003, Tarragona, Spain
| | - V Ceperuelo-Mallafré
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Madeira
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Bosch
- Grup de Recerca en Patologia Oncològica i Bioinformàtica, Molecular Biology and Research Section, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, IISPV, URV, 43500, Tortosa, Spain
| | - C Núñez-Roa
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Ejarque
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Maymó-Masip
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Huber-Ruano
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Rovira i Virgili University, 43003, Tarragona, Spain
| | - M Lejeune
- Grup de Recerca en Patologia Oncològica i Bioinformàtica, Molecular Biology and Research Section, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, IISPV, URV, 43500, Tortosa, Spain
| | - J Vendrell
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Rovira i Virgili University, 43003, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - S Fernández-Veledo
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Herrada AA, Olate-Briones A, Rojas A, Liu C, Escobedo N, Piesche M. Adipose tissue macrophages as a therapeutic target in obesity-associated diseases. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13200. [PMID: 33426811 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is an increasing problem in developed and developing countries. Individuals with obesity have a higher risk of several diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, increased risk of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, infertility, degenerative disorders, and also certain types of cancer. Adipose tissue (AT) is considered an extremely active endocrine organ, and the expansion of AT is accompanied by the infiltration of different types of immune cells, which induces a state of low-grade, chronic inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. Even though the exact mechanism of this low-grade inflammation is not fully understood, there is clear evidence that AT-infiltrating macrophages (ATMs) play a significant role in the pro-inflammatory state and dysregulated metabolism. ATMs represent the most abundant class of leukocytes in AT, constituting 5% of the cells in AT in individuals with normal weight. However, this percentage dramatically increases up to 50% in individuals with obesity, suggesting an important role of ATMs in obesity and its associated complications. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of the function of ATMs during steady-state and obesity and analyze its contribution to different obesity-associated diseases, highlighting the potential therapeutic target of ATMs in these pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés A Herrada
- Lymphatic vasculature and inflammation research laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Alexandra Olate-Briones
- Lymphatic vasculature and inflammation research laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Armando Rojas
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Noelia Escobedo
- Lymphatic vasculature and inflammation research laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Matthias Piesche
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Oncology Center, Medicine Faculty, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
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12
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Kulkarni A, Bowers LW. The role of immune dysfunction in obesity-associated cancer risk, progression, and metastasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3423-3442. [PMID: 33464384 PMCID: PMC11073382 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03752-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has been linked to an increased risk of and a worse prognosis for several types of cancer. A number of interrelated mediators contribute to obesity's pro-tumor effects, including chronic adipose inflammation and other perturbations of immune cell development and function. Here, we review studies examining the impact of obesity-induced immune dysfunction on cancer risk and progression. While the role of adipose tissue inflammation in obesity-associated cancer risk has been well characterized, the effects of obesity on immune cell infiltration and activity within the tumor microenvironment are not well studied. In this review, we aim to highlight the impact of both adipose-mediated inflammatory signaling and intratumoral immunosuppressive signaling in obesity-induced cancer risk, progression, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesha Kulkarni
- Department of Nutrition Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Laura W Bowers
- Department of Nutrition Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
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13
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Wu Q, Li B, Li J, Sun S, Yuan J, Sun S. Cancer-associated adipocytes as immunomodulators in cancer. Biomark Res 2021; 9:2. [PMID: 33413697 PMCID: PMC7792018 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-020-00257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs), as a main component of the tumor-adipose microenvironment (TAME), have various functions, including remodeling the extracellular matrix and interacting with tumor cells or infiltrated leukocytes through a variety of mutual signals. Here, we summarize the primary interplay among CAAs, the immune response and cancer with a focus on the mechanistic aspects of these relationships. Finally, unifying our understanding of CAAs with the immune cell function may be an effective method to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapeutic and conventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Ziyang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Bei Li
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Ziyang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Ziyang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jingping Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Ziyang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, P. R. China.
| | - Shengrong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Ziyang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, P. R. China.
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14
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The soluble glycoprotein NMB (GPNMB) produced by macrophages induces cancer stemness and metastasis via CD44 and IL-33. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:711-722. [PMID: 32728200 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0501-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer, myeloid cells have tumor-supporting roles. We reported that the protein GPNMB (glycoprotein nonmetastatic B) was profoundly upregulated in macrophages interacting with tumor cells. Here, using mouse tumor models, we show that macrophage-derived soluble GPNMB increases tumor growth and metastasis in Gpnmb-mutant mice (DBA/2J). GPNMB triggers in the cancer cells the formation of self-renewing spheroids, which are characterized by the expression of cancer stem cell markers, prolonged cell survival and increased tumor-forming ability. Through the CD44 receptor, GPNMB mechanistically activates tumor cells to express the cytokine IL-33 and its receptor IL-1R1L. We also determined that recombinant IL-33 binding to IL-1R1L is sufficient to induce tumor spheroid formation with features of cancer stem cells. Overall, our results reveal a new paracrine axis, GPNMB and IL-33, which is activated during the cross talk of macrophages with tumor cells and eventually promotes cancer cell survival, the expansion of cancer stem cells and the acquisition of a metastatic phenotype.
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15
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Bitsi S. The chemokine CXCL16 can rescue the defects in insulin signaling and sensitivity caused by palmitate in C2C12 myotubes. Cytokine 2020; 133:155154. [PMID: 32535333 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In obesity, macrophages infiltrate peripheral tissues and secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines that impact local insulin sensitivity. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the saturated fatty acid (FA) palmitate polarise macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype in vitro and indirectly cause insulin resistance (IR) in myotubes. In contrast, unsaturated FAs confer an anti-inflammatory phenotype and counteract the actions of palmitate. To explore paracrine mechanisms of interest, J774 macrophages were exposed to palmitate ± palmitoleate or control medium and the conditioned media generated were screened using a cytokine array. Of the 62 cytokines examined, 8 were significantly differentially expressed following FA treatments. Notably, CXCL16 secretion was downregulated by palmitate. In follow-up experiments using ELISAs, this downregulation was confirmed and reversed by simultaneous addition of palmitoleate or oleate, while LPS also diminished CXCL16 secretion. To dissect potential effects of CXCL16, C2C12 myotubes were treated with palmitate to induce IR, recombinant soluble CXCL16 (sCXCL16), combined treatment, or control medium. Palmitate caused the expected reduction of insulin-stimulated Akt activation and glycogen synthesis, whereas simultaneous treatment with sCXCL16 attenuated these effects. These data indicate a putative role for CXCL16 in preservation of Akt activation and insulin signaling in the context of chronic low-grade inflammation in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Bitsi
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Department, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, United Kingdom.
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16
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Hamjane N, Benyahya F, Nourouti NG, Mechita MB, Barakat A. Cardiovascular diseases and metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity: What is the role of inflammatory responses? A systematic review. Microvasc Res 2020; 131:104023. [PMID: 32485192 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a chronic disease responsible for a high morbidity and mortality rate, with an increasing worldwide prevalence. Obesity is associated with immune responses characterized by chronic systemic inflammation. This article focuses on the mechanisms that explain the proposed link between obesity-associated diseases and inflammation. Also, it describes the role of inflammatory molecules in obesity-associated metabolic abnormalities. METHODS More than 200 articles were selected and consulted by an online English search using various electronic search databases. Predefined key-words for the pathogenesis of obesity-induced inflammation and associated diseases, as well as the role of various inflammatory molecules, were used. RESULTS We have summarized the data of the articles consulted in this research and we have found that obesity is associated with a low-grade inflammation resulting from the change of adipose tissue (AT). The AT produces a variety of inflammatory molecules called adipocytokines that are involved in the onset of systemic low-grade inflammation which is the link between obesity and associated-chronic abnormalities; such as insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, diabetes, and some cancers. Also, we have searched all the inflammatory molecules involved in this pathogenesis and we have briefly described the role of 16 of them which are the most related to obesity-associated inflammation. The results have shown that there are inflammatory molecules that have a positive relationship with the pathogenesis of obesity-related diseases and others have a negative relationship with this pathogenesis. CONCLUSION Inflammation plays a crucial role in the development of various metabolic-abnormalities related to obesity. In this regard, the management of obesity may help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and other metabolic complications by inhibiting inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Hamjane
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco.
| | | | - Naima Ghailani Nourouti
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Mohcine Bennani Mechita
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Amina Barakat
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco
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17
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Raudenska M, Gumulec J, Balvan J, Masarik M. Caveolin-1 in oncogenic metabolic symbiosis. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:1793-1807. [PMID: 32196654 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic phenotypes of cancer cells are heterogeneous and flexible as a tumor mass is a hurriedly evolving system capable of constant adaptation to oxygen and nutrient availability. The exact type of cancer metabolism arises from the combined effects of factors intrinsic to the cancer cells and factors proposed by the tumor microenvironment. As a result, a condition termed oncogenic metabolic symbiosis in which components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) promote tumor growth often occurs. Understanding how oncogenic metabolic symbiosis emerges and evolves is crucial for perceiving tumorigenesis. The process by which tumor cells reprogram their TME involves many mechanisms, including changes in intercellular communication, alterations in metabolic phenotypes of TME cells, and rearrangement of the extracellular matrix. It is possible that one molecule with a pleiotropic effect such as Caveolin-1 may affect many of these pathways. Here, we discuss the significance of Caveolin-1 in establishing metabolic symbiosis in TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Raudenska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Gumulec
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Balvan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
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18
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Yadav NVS, Barcikowski A, Uehana Y, Jacobs AT, Connelly L. Breast Adipocyte Co-culture Increases the Expression of Pro-angiogenic Factors in Macrophages. Front Oncol 2020; 10:454. [PMID: 32318345 PMCID: PMC7154118 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Obese individuals with breast cancer have a poorer prognosis and higher risk of metastatic disease vs. non-obese patients. Adipose tissue in obese individuals is characterized by an enhanced macrophage infiltration, creating a microenvironment that favors tumor progression. Here, we demonstrate a role for adipocyte-macrophage interactions in the regulation of angiogenesis. Co-culture of THP-1 macrophages with human breast adipocytes led to increased expression of the pro-angiogenic growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). Several adipocyte-derived proteins including leptin, insulin, IL-6, and TNF-α were each capable of increasing VEGFA expression in THP-1 macrophages, identifying these as possible mediators of the changes that were observed with co-culture. Furthermore, analysis of THP-1 culture media by antibody array revealed that THP-1 secrete several other pro-angiogenic signals in response to adipocyte co-culture, including interleukin 8 (IL-8), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), pentraxin 3 (PTX3), and serpin E1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, PAI1) after co-culture with human adipocytes. We used an in vitro endothelial tube formation assay with human vascular endothelial cells to evaluate the effects of THP-1 culture media on angiogenesis. Here, culture media from THP-1 cells previously exposed to human adipocytes stimulated endothelial tube formation more significantly than THP-1 cells cultured alone. In summary, we find that adipocyte co-culture stimulates the expression of pro-angiogenic mediators in macrophages and has pro-angiogenic effects in vitro, thus representing a possible mechanism for the enhanced risk of breast cancer progression in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini V. S. Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, United States
| | - Arthur Barcikowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, United States
| | - Yuko Uehana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, United States
| | - Aaron T. Jacobs
- School of Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Linda Connelly
- School of Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine, San Bernardino, CA, United States
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19
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Abstract
The term "adipose tissue" represents a multicellular and multifunctional organ involved in lipid storage, in hormone and temperature regulation, and in the protection of bones and vital organs from impact-based damage. Emerging evidence now suggests a more malignant role of adipose tissue in promoting cancer onset and progression via the release of secreted factors such as interleukin-6 (IL6) and extracellular vesicles (EVs). These adipose-source factors subsequently affect various aspects of tumorigenesis and/or cancer progression by either directly enhancing the tumor cell oncogenic phenotype or indirectly by the stimulating adjacent normal cells to adopt a more pro-cancer phenotype. Due to the recent growing interest in the role of IL6 and EVs released by adipose tissue in cancer promotion and progression, we are focusing on the protumorigenic impact of fat tissue via IL6 and EV secretion.
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20
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Springer NL, Iyengar NM, Bareja R, Verma A, Jochelson MS, Giri DD, Zhou XK, Elemento O, Dannenberg AJ, Fischbach C. Obesity-Associated Extracellular Matrix Remodeling Promotes a Macrophage Phenotype Similar to Tumor-Associated Macrophages. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:2019-2035. [PMID: 31323189 PMCID: PMC6880774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with adipose inflammation, defined by macrophages encircling dead adipocytes, as well as extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and increased risk of breast cancer. Whether ECM affects macrophage phenotype in obesity is uncertain. A better understanding of this relationship could be strategically important to reduce cancer risk or improve outcomes in the obese. Using clinical samples, computational approaches, and in vitro decellularized ECM models, this study quantified the relative abundance of pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages in human breast adipose tissue, determined molecular similarities between obesity and tumor-associated macrophages, and assessed the regulatory effect of obese versus lean ECM on macrophage phenotype. Our results suggest that breast adipose tissue contains more M2- than M1-biased macrophages across all body mass index categories. Obesity further increased M2-biased macrophages but did not affect M1-biased macrophage density. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis suggested that breast tissue macrophages from obese versus lean women are more similar to tumor-associated macrophages. These changes positively correlated with adipose tissue interstitial fibrosis, and in vitro experiments indicated that obese ECM directly stimulates M2-biased macrophage functions. However, mammographic density cannot be used as a clinical indicator of these changes. Collectively, these data suggest that obesity-associated interstitial fibrosis promotes a macrophage phenotype similar to tumor-associated macrophages, which may contribute to the link between obesity and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora L Springer
- Field of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Neil M Iyengar
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Rohan Bareja
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Maxine S Jochelson
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Dilip D Giri
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Xi K Zhou
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Claudia Fischbach
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
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21
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Wang YX, Zhu N, Zhang CJ, Wang YK, Wu HT, Li Q, Du K, Liao DF, Qin L. Friend or foe: Multiple roles of adipose tissue in cancer formation and progression. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21436-21449. [PMID: 31054175 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is well-known as the second factor for tumorigenesis after smoking and is bound up with the malignant progression of several kinds of cancers, including esophageal cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, kidney cancer, and ovarian cancer. The increased morbidity and mortality of obesity-related cancer are mostly attributed to dysfunctional adipose tissue. The possible mechanisms connecting dysfunctional adipose tissue to high cancer risk mainly focus on chronic inflammation, obesity-related microenvironment, adipokine secretion disorder, and browning of adipose tissue, and so forth. The stromal vascular cells in adipose tissue trigger chronic inflammation through secreting inflammatory factors and promote cancer cell proliferation. Hypertrophic adipose tissues lead to metabolic disorders of adipocytes, such as abnormal levels of adipokines that mediate cancer progression and metastasis. Cancer patients often show adipose tissue browning and cancerous cachexia in an advanced stage, which lead to unsatisfied chemotherapy effect and poor prognosis. However, increasing evidence has shown that adipose tissue may display quite opposite effects in cancer development. Therefore, the interaction between cancers and adipose tissue exert a vital role in mediates adipose tissue dysfunction and further leads to cancer progression. In conclusion, targeting the dysfunction of adipose tissue provides a promising strategy for cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Neng Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chan-Juan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Kai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hong-Tao Wu
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qun Li
- Outpatient Department of Hanpu Campus, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ke Du
- School of Pharmacy, Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Key Lab for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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22
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Porta C, Marino A, Consonni FM, Bleve A, Mola S, Storto M, Riboldi E, Sica A. Metabolic influence on the differentiation of suppressive myeloid cells in cancer. Carcinogenesis 2019; 39:1095-1104. [PMID: 29982315 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
New evidences indicate that the metabolic instruction of immunity (immune metabolism) results from the integration of cell metabolism and whole-body metabolism, which are both influenced by nutrition, microbiome metabolites and disease-driven metabolism (e.g. cancer metabolism). Cancer metabolism influences the immunological homeostasis and promotes immune alterations that support disease progression, hence influencing the clinical outcome. Cancer cells display increased glucose uptake and fermentation of glucose to lactate, even in the presence of completely functioning mitochondria. A major side effect of this event is immunosuppression, characterized by limited immunogenicity of cancer cells and restriction of the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer immunotherapy. Here, we discuss how the metabolism of myeloid cells associated with cancer contributes to the differentiation of their suppressive phenotype and therefore to cancer immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Porta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara
| | - Arianna Marino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara
| | | | - Augusto Bleve
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara
| | - Silvia Mola
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara
| | - Mariangela Storto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara
| | - Elena Riboldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara
| | - Antonio Sica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
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23
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Maeda A, Digifico E, Andon FT, Mantovani A, Allavena P. Poly(I:C) stimulation is superior than Imiquimod to induce the antitumoral functional profile of tumor-conditioned macrophages. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:801-811. [PMID: 30779113 PMCID: PMC6563448 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage plasticity is the ability of mononuclear phagocytes to change phenotype, function, and genetic reprogramming upon encounter of specific local stimuli. In the tumor microenvironment, Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) acquire an immune-suppressive and tumor-promoting phenotype. With the aim to re-educate TAMs to antitumor effectors, in this study, we used two immunestimulatory compounds: the TLR7 agonist Imiquimod (IMQ) and the TLR3 agonist Poly(I:C). To better mimic in vitro the response of TAMs, we used Tumor-Conditioned Macrophages (TC-Mϕ) differentiated in the presence of tumor cell supernatants. Our results show that TC-Mϕ respond differently from conventional M2-polarized macrophages. Upon stimulation with IMQ, TC-Mϕ did not upregulate major histocompatibility complex (MHC II) molecules and unexpectedly expressed increased CD206. With both compounds, TC-Mϕ produced higher levels of inflammatory cytokines than M2 macrophages. IMQ and Poly(I:C) differed in the types of regulated genes and secreted mediators. Reflecting their signaling pathways, only IMQ significantly induced IL-1β and IL-6, while only Poly(I:C) stimulated CXCL10, and both upregulated CCL5. Of note, using a novel cytotoxicity assay, Poly(I:C), but not IMQ, was effective in triggering the cytotoxic activity of TC-Mϕ against cancer cells. Overall, the results demonstrate that Poly(I:C) stimulation of TC-Mϕ is superior than IMQ in terms of macrophage re-education toward antitumor effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Maeda
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Department of Innate Immunity and Inflammation, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Fernando T Andon
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Department of Innate Immunity and Inflammation, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Department of Innate Immunity and Inflammation, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas University, Via A. Manzoni 113, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Allavena
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Department of Innate Immunity and Inflammation, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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24
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Xu Q, Jia H, Ma L, Liu G, Xu C, Li Y, Li X, Li X. All-trans retinoic acid inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in bovine adipocytes via TGFβ1/Smad3 signaling pathway. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:48. [PMID: 30709353 PMCID: PMC6359792 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1791-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dairy cows with metabolic disorder in peripartal period display high inflammatory levels. Adipose tissue is a major endocrine organ, which is closely related to systemic inflammation. Retinoic acid (RA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, has shown potential therapeutic immunomodulatory properties. The objective of the study was to examine the effect of all-trans-RA (ATRA), the biologically most active metabolite of vitamin A, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bovine adipocytes inflammatory responses and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Primary cultured bovine adipocytes were treated with ATRA in the presence or absence of LPS. The treated cells were examined for the inflammatory responses and the activity of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) /Smad3 signaling pathway. RESULTS LPS treatment significantly decreased the expression levels of TGFβ1/Smad3 components and increased the content of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Treatment with ATRA could over-activate TGFβ1/Smad3 signaling pathway in bovine adipocytes and reversed the over-production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibition of anti-inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS. Importantly, inhibition of TGFβ1/Smad3 signaling diminished the effects of ATRA on suppressing the proinflammatory responses induced by LPS. Furthermore, activation of TGFβ1/Smad3 signaling further extended the effects of ATRA on suppressing the proinflammatory responses on LPS stimulation. CONCLUSION In conclusion, ATRA stimulates TGFβ1/Smad3 signaling pathway and further suppresses bovine adipocytes inflammatory responses induced by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hongdou Jia
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Li Ma
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guowen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chuang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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25
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Xue W, Fan Z, Li L, Lu J, Zhai Y, Zhao J. The chemokine system and its role in obesity. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3336-3346. [PMID: 30375006 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine system is a complex arrangement of molecules that attract leukocytes to the site of injury or inflammation. This chemotactic behavior gives the system the name "Chemokine." The intricate and redundant nature of the chemokine system has made it a subject of ongoing scientific investigation. Obesity is characterized as low-grade systemic or chronic inflammation that is responsible for the release of cytokines, adipokines, and chemokines. Excessive tissue fat expansion triggers the release of chemokines, which in turn attract various leukocytes and activate the resident immune surveillance system, eventually leading to worsening of obesity and other related comorbidities. To date, 50 chemokines and 20 chemokine receptors that belong to the G-protein-coupled receptor family have been discovered, and over the past two decades, the physiological and pathological roles of many of these chemokines and their receptors have been elucidated. The objective of this review is to present an update on the link between chemokines and obesity under the light of recent knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhirui Fan
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jingli Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yunkai Zhai
- Center of Telemedicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Engineering Laboratory for Digital Telemedicine Service, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Center of Telemedicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Engineering Laboratory for Digital Telemedicine Service, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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26
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Bailey MA, Holscher HD. Microbiome-Mediated Effects of the Mediterranean Diet on Inflammation. Adv Nutr 2018; 9:193-206. [PMID: 29767701 PMCID: PMC5952955 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet pattern is increasingly associated with improved metabolic health. Two mechanisms by which consuming a Mediterranean diet pattern may contribute to improved metabolic health are modulation of the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota and reduction of metabolic endotoxemia. Metabolic endotoxemia, defined as a 2- to 3-fold increase in circulating levels of bacterial endotoxin, has been proposed as a cause of inflammation during metabolic dysfunction. As the largest source of endotoxins in the human body, the GI microbiota represents a crucial area for research on strategies for reducing endotoxemia. Diets high in saturated fat and low in fiber contribute to metabolic endotoxemia through several mechanisms, including changes in the GI microbiome and bacterial fermentation end products, intestinal physiology and barrier function, and enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. Thus, the Mediterranean diet pattern, rich in unsaturated fats and fiber, may be one dietary strategy to reduce metabolic endotoxemia. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the differential effects of dietary saturated and unsaturated fats on the microbiota and metabolic health, but human studies are lacking. The role of dietary fiber and the GI microbiome in metabolic endotoxemia is underinvestigated. Clinical research on the effects of different types of dietary fat and fiber on the GI microbiota and GI and systemic inflammation is necessary to determine efficacious dietary strategies for reducing metabolic endotoxemia, inflammation, and subsequent metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah D Holscher
- Division of Nutritional Sciences
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
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27
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Kim EJ, Kim YK, Kim S, Kim JE, Tian YD, Doh EJ, Lee DH, Chung JH. Adipochemokines induced by ultraviolet irradiation contribute to impaired fat metabolism in subcutaneous fat cells. Br J Dermatol 2017; 178:492-501. [PMID: 28845522 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue is now appreciated as the pivotal regulator of metabolic and endocrine functions. Subcutaneous (SC) fat, in contrast to visceral fat, may protect against metabolic syndrome and systemic inflammation. We demonstrated that chronic as well as acute ultraviolet (UV) irradiation to the skin induces loss of underlying SC fat. UV-irradiated SC fat may produce chemokines or cytokines that modulate lipid homeostasis and secretion of adipokines. OBJECTIVES To elucidate UV-induced specific adipochemokines implicated in UV-induced modulation of SC fat. METHODS Primary cultured adipocytes were treated with conditioned medium from UV- or sham-irradiated skin cells. Young and older healthy participants provided SC fat from sun-exposed and sun-protected skin. Sun-protected skin from other participants was irradiated with UV. Differentially expressed adipochemokines were screened by cytokine array, and confirmed in vitro and in vivo. The functions of select adipochemokines involved in lipid metabolism were examined via short interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of cognate receptors. RESULTS Specific adipochemokines, including C-X-C motif chemokine (CXCL) family members such as CXCL5/ENA-78, and C-C motif chemokine (CCL) family members such as CCL20/MIP-3α and CCL5/RANTES, were greatly induced in SC fat by UV exposure. They could impair triglyceride synthesis via downregulation of lipogenic enzymes and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 through their respective cognate receptors, CXC chemokine receptor type (CXC-R)2, C-C chemokine receptor type (CCR)-6, and CCR-5. In addition, UV irradiation induced infiltration of adipose tissue macrophages responsible for the secretion of several chemokines into SC fat. CONCLUSIONS These UV-induced adipochemokines may be implicated in the reduction of lipogenesis in SC fat, leading to impairment of fat homeostasis and associated comorbidities such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y K Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J E Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y D Tian
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - E J Doh
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D H Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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28
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Cheng Z, Sun Y, Niu X, Shang Y, Ruan J, Chen Z, Gao S, Zhang T. Gene expression profiling reveals U1 snRNA regulates cancer gene expression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:112867-112874. [PMID: 29348872 PMCID: PMC5762557 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
U1 small nuclear RNA (U1 snRNA), as one of the most abundant ncRNAs in human cells, plays an important role in splicing of pre-mRNAs. Compared to previous studies which have focused on the primary function of U1 snRNA and the neurodegenerative diseases caused by abnormalities of U1 snRNA, this study is to investigate how U1 snRNA over-expression affects the expression of mammal genes on a genome-wide scale. By comparing the gene expression profiles of U1 snRNA over-expressed cells with those of their controls using microarray experiments, 916 genes or loci were identified significantly Differentially Expressed (DE). These 595 up-regulated DE genes and 321 down-regulated DE genes were analyzed using annotations from GO categories and pathways from the KEGG database. As a result, three of 12 enriched pathways were well-known cancer pathways, while the other nine pathways were associated to cancers in previous studies. The further analysis of 73 genes involved in 12 pathways suggested that U1 snRNA could regulate cancer gene expression. The microarray data under the GEO Series accession number GSE84304 is available in the NCBI GEO database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Cheng
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, P.R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
- Institute of Statistics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoran Niu
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Yingchun Shang
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Jishou Ruan
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Ze Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, P.R. China
| | - Shan Gao
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
- Institute of Statistics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
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29
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Abstract
Solid tumor growth and metastasis require the interaction of tumor cells with the surrounding tissue, leading to a view of tumors as tissue-level phenomena rather than exclusively cell-intrinsic anomalies. Due to the ubiquitous nature of adipose tissue, many types of solid tumors grow in proximate or direct contact with adipocytes and adipose-associated stromal and vascular components, such as fibroblasts and other connective tissue cells, stem and progenitor cells, endothelial cells, innate and adaptive immune cells, and extracellular signaling and matrix components. Excess adiposity in obesity both increases risk of cancer development and negatively influences prognosis in several cancer types, in part due to interaction with adipose tissue cell populations. Herein, we review the cellular and noncellular constituents of the adipose "organ," and discuss the mechanisms by which these varied microenvironmental components contribute to tumor development, with special emphasis on obesity. Due to the prevalence of breast and prostate cancers in the United States, their close anatomical proximity to adipose tissue depots, and their complex epidemiologic associations with obesity, we particularly highlight research addressing the contribution of adipose tissue to the initiation and progression of these cancer types. Obesity dramatically modifies the adipose tissue microenvironment in numerous ways, including induction of fibrosis and angiogenesis, increased stem cell abundance, and expansion of proinflammatory immune cells. As many of these changes also resemble shifts observed within the tumor microenvironment, proximity to adipose tissue may present a hospitable environment to developing tumors, providing a critical link between adiposity and tumorigenesis. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:237-282, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa J. Cozzo
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ashley M. Fuller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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30
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Dieli-Conwright CM, Parmentier JH, Sami N, Lee K, Spicer D, Mack WJ, Sattler F, Mittelman SD. Adipose tissue inflammation in breast cancer survivors: effects of a 16-week combined aerobic and resistance exercise training intervention. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 168:147-157. [PMID: 29168064 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4576-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity is a leading modifiable contributor to breast cancer mortality due to its association with increased recurrence and decreased overall survival rate. Obesity stimulates cancer progression through chronic, low-grade inflammation in white adipose tissue, leading to accumulation of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs), in particular, the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype macrophage. Exercise has been shown to reduce M1 ATMs and increase the more anti-inflammatory M2 ATMs in obese adults. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a 16-week exercise intervention would positively alter ATM phenotype in obese postmenopausal breast cancer survivors. METHODS Twenty obese postmenopausal breast cancer survivors were randomized to a 16-week aerobic and resistance exercise (EX) intervention or delayed intervention control (CON). The EX group participated in 16 weeks of supervised exercise sessions 3 times/week. Participants provided fasting blood, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and superficial subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue biopsies at baseline and following the 16-week study period. RESULTS EX participants experienced significant improvements in body composition, cardiometabolic biomarkers, and systemic inflammation (all p < 0.03 vs. CON). Adipose tissue from EX participants showed a significant decrease in ATM M1 (p < 0.001), an increase in ATM M2 (p < 0.001), increased adipose tissue secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as adiponectin, and decreased secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF- α (all p < 0.055). CONCLUSIONS A 16-week aerobic and resistance exercise intervention attenuates adipose tissue inflammation in obese postmenopausal breast cancer survivors. Future large randomized trials are warranted to investigate the impact of exercise-induced reductions in adipose tissue inflammation and breast cancer recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Dieli-Conwright
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California (USC), 1540 E. Alcazar St., CHP 155, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Jean-Hugues Parmentier
- Diabetes & Obesity Program and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine (KSOM), Los Angeles, USA
| | - Nathalie Sami
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California (USC), 1540 E. Alcazar St., CHP 155, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Kyuwan Lee
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California (USC), 1540 E. Alcazar St., CHP 155, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Darcy Spicer
- Department of Medicine, KSOM, USC, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Wendy J Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, KSOM, USC, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Fred Sattler
- Department of Medicine, KSOM, USC, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Steven D Mittelman
- Diabetes & Obesity Program and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine (KSOM), Los Angeles, USA
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
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31
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Corrêa LH, Corrêa R, Farinasso CM, de Sant'Ana Dourado LP, Magalhães KG. Adipocytes and Macrophages Interplay in the Orchestration of Tumor Microenvironment: New Implications in Cancer Progression. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1129. [PMID: 28970834 PMCID: PMC5609576 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has been known as one of the main keys to the establishment and progression of cancers. Chronic low-grade inflammation is also a strategic condition that underlies the causes and development of metabolic syndrome and obesity. Moreover, obesity has been largely related to poor prognosis of tumors by modulating tumor microenvironment with secretion of several inflammatory mediators by tumor-associated adipocytes (TAAs), which can modulate and recruit tumor-associated macrophages. Thus, the understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlay and link inflammation, obesity, and cancer is crucial to identify potential targets that interfere with this important route. Knowledge about the exact role of each component of the tumor microenvironment is not yet fully understood, but the new insights in literature highlight the essential role of adipocytes and macrophages interplay as key factor to determine the fate of cancer progression. In this review article, we focus on the functions of adipocytes and macrophages orchestrating cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to inflammatory modulation in tumor microenvironment, which will be crucial to cancer establishment. We also emphasized the mechanisms by which the tumor promotes itself by recruiting and polarizing macrophages, discussing the role of adipocytes in this process. In addition, we discuss here the newest possible anticancer therapeutic treatments aiming to retard the development of the tumor based on what is known about cancer, adipocyte, and macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Henrique Corrêa
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Rafael Corrêa
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Cecília Menezes Farinasso
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Kelly Grace Magalhães
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
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32
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Donohoe CL, Lysaght J, O'Sullivan J, Reynolds JV. Emerging Concepts Linking Obesity with the Hallmarks of Cancer. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:46-62. [PMID: 27633129 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is compelling epidemiological evidence linking obesity to many tumours; however, the molecular mechanisms fuelling this association are not clearly understood. Emerging evidence links changes in the tumour microenvironment with the obese state, and murine and human studies highlight the relevance of adipose stromal cells (ASCs), including immune cells, both at remote fat depots, such as the omentum, as well as in peritumoural tissue. These obesity-associated changes have been implicated in several hallmarks of cancer, including the chronic inflammatory state and associated cell signalling, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), tumour-related fibrosis, angiogenesis, and genomic instability. Here, we present a summary of developments over the past 5 years, with particular focus on the tumour microenvironment in the obese state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Donohoe
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin/St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joanne Lysaght
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin/St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jacintha O'Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin/St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John V Reynolds
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin/St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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33
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Nakajima S, Koh V, Kua LF, So J, Davide L, Lim KS, Petersen SH, Yong WP, Shabbir A, Kono K. Accumulation of CD11c+CD163+ Adipose Tissue Macrophages through Upregulation of Intracellular 11β-HSD1 in Human Obesity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:3735-3745. [PMID: 27698011 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) macrophages (ATMs) are key players for regulation of AT homeostasis and obesity-related metabolic disorders. However, the phenotypes of human ATMs and regulatory mechanisms of their polarization have not been clearly described. In this study, we investigated human ATMs in both abdominal visceral AT and s.c. AT and proposed an 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1)-glucocorticoid receptor regulatory axis that might dictate M1/M2 polarization in ATMs. The accumulation of CD11c+CD163+ ATMs in both visceral AT and s.c. AT of obese individuals was confirmed at the cellular level and was found to be clearly correlated with body mass index and production of reactive oxygen species. Using our in vitro system where human peripheral blood monocytes (hPBMs) were cocultured with Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome adipocytes, M1/M2 polarization was found to be dependent on 11β-HSD1, an intracellular glucocorticoid reactivating enzyme. Exposure of hPBMs to cortisol-induced expression of CD163 and RU-486, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, significantly abrogated CD163 expression through coculture of mature adipocytes with hPBMs. Moreover, 11β-HSD1 was expressed in crown ATMs in obese AT. Importantly, conditioned medium from coculture of adipocytes with hPBMs enhanced proliferation of human breast cancer MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. In summary, the phenotypic switch of ATMs from M2 to mixed M1/M2 phenotype occurred through differentiation of adipocytes in obese individuals, and upregulation of intracellular 11β-HSD1 might play a role in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Nakajima
- Center for Translational Medicine, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599
| | - Vivien Koh
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Ley-Fang Kua
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Jimmy So
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Lomanto Davide
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Kee Siang Lim
- Center for Translational Medicine, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599
| | - Sven Hans Petersen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599
| | - Wei-Peng Yong
- Center for Translational Medicine, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Asim Shabbir
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Koji Kono
- Center for Translational Medicine, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599; .,Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228.,Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; and.,Department of Advanced Cancer Immunotherapy, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
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Dawson HD, Smith AD, Chen C, Urban JF. An in-depth comparison of the porcine, murine and human inflammasomes; lessons from the porcine genome and transcriptome. Vet Microbiol 2016; 202:2-15. [PMID: 27321134 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that swine are a scientifically acceptable intermediate species between rodents and humans to model immune function relevant to humans. The swine genome has recently been sequenced and several preliminary structural and functional analysis of the porcine immunome have been published. Herein we provide an expanded in silico analysis using an improved assembly of the porcine transcriptome that provides an in depth analysis of genes that are related to inflammasomes, responses to Toll-like receptor ligands, and M1 macrophage polarization and Escherichia coli as a model organism. Comparisons of the expansion or contraction of orthologous gene families indicated more similar rates and classes of genes in humans and pigs than in mice; however several novel porcine or artiodactyl-specific paralogs or pseudogenes were identified. Conservation of homology and structural motifs of orthologs revealed that the overall similarity to human proteins was significantly higher for pigs compared to mouse. Despite these similarities, two out of four canonical inflammasome pathways, Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) and NLR family and CARD domain containing 4 (NLRC4), were found to be missing in pigs. Pig M1 Mφ polarization in response to interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was assessed, via the transcriptome, using next generation sequencing. Our analysis revealed predominantly human-like responses however some, mouse-like responses were observed, as well as induction of numerous pig or artiodactyl-specific genes. This work supports using swine to model both human immunological and inflammatory responses to infection. However, caution must be exercised as pigs differ from humans in several fundamental pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry D Dawson
- Rm 224, Bld 307C, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Allen D Smith
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Celine Chen
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Joseph F Urban
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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Aoun F, Chemaly AK, Albisinni S, Zanaty M, Roumeguere T. In Search for a Common Pathway for Health Issues in Men - the Sign of a Holmesian Deduction. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:1-13. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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36
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De Paoli F, Copin C, Vanhoutte J, Derudas B, Vinod M, Zawadzki C, Susen S, Pattou F, Haulon S, Staels B, Eeckhoute J, Chinetti-Gbaguidi G. Transducin-like enhancer of split-1 is expressed and functional in human macrophages. FEBS Lett 2015; 590:43-52. [PMID: 26763127 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages display heterogeneous phenotypes, including the classical M1 proinflammatory and the alternative M2 anti-inflammatory polarization states. The transducin-like enhancer of split-1 (TLE1) is a transcriptional corepressor whose functions in macrophages have not been studied yet. We report that TLE1 is highly expressed in human alternative macrophages in vitro and in atherosclerotic plaques as well as in adipose tissue M1/M2 mixed macrophages. TLE1 silencing in alternative macrophages decreases the expression of the M2 markers IL-1Ra and IL-10, while it exacerbates TNFα and CCL3 induction by lipopolysaccharide. Hence, TLE1 is expressed in human macrophages where it has potential anti-inflammatory and alternative phenotype promoting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica De Paoli
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, University of Lille, France
| | - Corinne Copin
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, University of Lille, France
| | - Jonathan Vanhoutte
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, University of Lille, France
| | - Bruno Derudas
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, University of Lille, France
| | - Manjula Vinod
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, University of Lille, France
| | - Christophe Zawadzki
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, University of Lille, France
| | - Sophie Susen
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, University of Lille, France
| | | | | | - Bart Staels
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, University of Lille, France
| | - Jérome Eeckhoute
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, University of Lille, France
| | - Giulia Chinetti-Gbaguidi
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, University of Lille, France.,INSERM, U 1081, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), 'Aging and Diabetes' team, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, France.,Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, University Hospital, Nice, France
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Potential Biomarkers of Fat Loss as a Feature of Cancer Cachexia. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:820934. [PMID: 26508820 PMCID: PMC4609871 DOI: 10.1155/2015/820934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat loss is associated with shorter survival and reduced quality of life in cancer patients.
Effective intervention for fat loss in cachexia requires identification of the condition using prognostic biomarkers for early detection and prevention of further depletion. No biomarkers of fat mass alterations have been defined for application to the neoplastic state. Several inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in mediating fat loss associated with cachexia; however, plasma levels may not relate to adipose atrophy. Zinc-α2-glycoprotein may be a local catabolic mediator within adipose tissue rather than serving as a plasma biomarker of fat loss. Plasma glycerol and leptin associate with adipose tissue atrophy and mass, respectively; however, no study has evaluated their potential as a prognostic biomarker of cachexia-associated fat loss. This review confirms the need for further studies to identify valid prognostic biomarkers to identify loss of fat based on changes in plasma levels of biomarkers.
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Favennec M, Hennart B, Caiazzo R, Leloire A, Yengo L, Verbanck M, Arredouani A, Marre M, Pigeyre M, Bessede A, Guillemin GJ, Chinetti G, Staels B, Pattou F, Balkau B, Allorge D, Froguel P, Poulain-Godefroy O. The kynurenine pathway is activated in human obesity and shifted toward kynurenine monooxygenase activation. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:2066-74. [PMID: 26347385 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study characterized the kynurenine pathway (KP) in human obesity by evaluating circulating levels of kynurenines and the expression of KP enzymes in adipose tissue. METHODS Tryptophan and KP metabolite levels were measured in serum of individuals from the D.E.S.I.R. cohort (case-cohort study: 212 diabetic, 836 randomly sampled) and in women with obesity, diabetic or normoglycemic, from the ABOS cohort (n = 100). KP enzyme gene expressions were analyzed in omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue of women from the ABOS cohort, in human primary adipocytes and in monocyte-derived macrophages. RESULTS In the D.E.S.I.R. cohort, kynurenine levels were positively associated with body mass index (BMI) (P = 4.68 × 10(-19) ) and with a higher HOMA2-IR insulin resistance index (P = 6.23 × 10(-4) ). The levels of kynurenine, kynurenic acid, and quinolinic acid were associated with higher BMI (P < 0.05). The expression of several KP enzyme genes (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 [IDO1], kynureninase [KYNU], kynurenine 3-monooxygenase [KMO], and kynurenine aminotransferase III [CCBL2]) was increased in the omental adipose tissue of women with obesity compared to lean (P < 0.05), and their expression was induced by proinflammatory cytokines in human primary adipocytes (P < 0.05), except for KMO that is not expressed in these cells. The expressions of IDO1, KYNU, KMO, and CCBL2 were higher in proinflammatory than in anti-inflammatory macrophages (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In the context of obesity, the presence of macrophages in adipose tissue may contribute to diverting KP toward KMO activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Favennec
- CNRS UMR 8199, Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur De Lille, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
- CHRU De Lille, Lille, France
| | - Benjamin Hennart
- University of Lille, Lille, France
- CHRU De Lille, Lille, France
- EA4483, Lille, France
| | - Robert Caiazzo
- University of Lille, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
- CHRU De Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM UMR 1190, Lille, France
| | - Audrey Leloire
- CNRS UMR 8199, Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur De Lille, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
| | - Loïc Yengo
- CNRS UMR 8199, Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur De Lille, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
| | - Marie Verbanck
- CNRS UMR 8199, Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur De Lille, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
| | | | | | - Marie Pigeyre
- University of Lille, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
- CHRU De Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM UMR 1190, Lille, France
| | | | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Giulia Chinetti
- University of Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur De Lille, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
- INSERM UMR 1011, Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- University of Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur De Lille, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
- INSERM UMR 1011, Lille, France
| | - François Pattou
- University of Lille, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
- CHRU De Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM UMR 1190, Lille, France
| | | | - Delphine Allorge
- University of Lille, Lille, France
- CHRU De Lille, Lille, France
- EA4483, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- CNRS UMR 8199, Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur De Lille, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
- CHRU De Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Odile Poulain-Godefroy
- CNRS UMR 8199, Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur De Lille, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
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Apostolopoulos V, de Courten MPJ, Stojanovska L, Blatch GL, Tangalakis K, de Courten B. The complex immunological and inflammatory network of adipose tissue in obesity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 60:43-57. [PMID: 26331761 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A number of approaches have been utilized in the prevention, management, and treatment of obesity, including, surgery, medication, diet, exercise, and overall lifestyle changes. Despite these interventions, the prevalence of obesity and the various disorders related to it is growing. In obesity, there is a constant state of chronic low-grade inflammation which is characterized by activation and infiltration of pro-inflammatory immune cells and a dysregulated production of high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This pro-inflammatory milieu contributes to insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other related co-morbidities. The roles of the innate (macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, NK cells, MAIT cells) and the adaptive (CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, regulatory T cells, and B cells) immune responses and the roles of adipokines and cytokines in adipose tissue inflammation and obesity are discussed. An understanding of the crosstalk between the immune system and adipocytes may shed light in better treatment modalities for obesity and obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Lily Stojanovska
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, VIC, Australia
| | - Gregory L Blatch
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathy Tangalakis
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, VIC, Australia
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and preventative Medicine, Monash University, VIC, Australia.,Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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40
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Liu J, Pattanaik S, Yao J, Dwyer AJ, Pickhardt PJ, Choi JR, Summers RM. Associations among pericolonic fat, visceral fat, and colorectal polyps on CT colonography. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:408-14. [PMID: 25558027 PMCID: PMC4310815 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between pericolonic fat and colorectal polyps using CT colonography (CTC). METHODS A total of 1169 patients who underwent CTC and optical colonoscopy on the same day were assessed. Pericolonic fat was measured on CTC in a band surrounding the colon. Visceral adipose tissue volume was measured at the L2-L3 levels. Student's t-tests, odds ratio, logistic regression, binomial statistics, and weighted kappa were performed to ascertain associations with the incidence of colorectal polyps. RESULTS Pericolonic fat volume fractions (PFVF) were 61.5 ± 11.0% versus 58.1 ± 11.5%, 61.6 ± 11.1% versus 58.7 ± 11.5%, and 62.4 ± 10.6% versus 58.8 ± 11.5% for patients with and without any polyps, adenomatous polyps, and hyperplastic polyps, respectively (P<0.0001). Similar trends were observed when examining visceral fat volume fractions (VFVF). When patients were ordered by quintiles of PFVF or VFVF, there were 2.49-, 2.19-, and 2.39-fold increases in odds ratio for the presence of any polyp, adenomatous polyps, or hyperplastic polyps from the first to the fifth quintile for PFVF and 1.92-, 2.00-, and 1.71-fold increases in odds ratio for VFVF. Polyps tended to occur more commonly in parts of the colon that had more PFVF than the spatially adjusted average for patients in the highest quintile of VFVF. CONCLUSIONS Pericolonic fat accumulations, like visceral fat, are correlated with an increased risk of adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Liu
- Imaging Biomarkers and Computer-Aided Diagnosis Laboratory, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20892-1182
| | - Sanket Pattanaik
- Imaging Biomarkers and Computer-Aided Diagnosis Laboratory, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20892-1182
| | - Jianhua Yao
- Imaging Biomarkers and Computer-Aided Diagnosis Laboratory, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20892-1182
| | - Andrew J. Dwyer
- Imaging Biomarkers and Computer-Aided Diagnosis Laboratory, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20892-1182
| | - Perry J. Pickhardt
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, E3/311 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53792
| | | | - Ronald M. Summers
- Imaging Biomarkers and Computer-Aided Diagnosis Laboratory, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20892-1182
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Wagner M, Samdal Steinskog ES, Wiig H. Adipose tissue macrophages: the inflammatory link between obesity and cancer? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 19:527-38. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.991311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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42
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Arner E, Forrest ARR, Ehrlund A, Mejhert N, Itoh M, Kawaji H, Lassmann T, Laurencikiene J, Rydén M, Arner P. Ceruloplasmin is a novel adipokine which is overexpressed in adipose tissue of obese subjects and in obesity-associated cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e80274. [PMID: 24676332 PMCID: PMC3968011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity confers an increased risk of developing specific cancer forms. Although the mechanisms are unclear, increased fat cell secretion of specific proteins (adipokines) may promote/facilitate development of malignant tumors in obesity via cross-talk between adipose tissue(s) and the tissues prone to develop cancer among obese. We searched for novel adipokines that were overexpressed in adipose tissue of obese subjects as well as in tumor cells derived from cancers commonly associated with obesity. For this purpose expression data from human adipose tissue of obese and non-obese as well as from a large panel of human cancer cell lines and corresponding primary cells and tissues were explored. We found expression of ceruloplasmin to be the most enriched in obesity-associated cancer cells. This gene was also significantly up-regulated in adipose tissue of obese subjects. Ceruloplasmin is the body's main copper carrier and is involved in angiogenesis. We demonstrate that ceruloplasmin is a novel adipokine, which is produced and secreted at increased rates in obesity. In the obese state, adipose tissue contributed markedly (up to 22%) to the total circulating protein level. In summary, we have through bioinformatic screening identified ceruloplasmin as a novel adipokine with increased expression in adipose tissue of obese subjects as well as in cells from obesity-associated cancers. Whether there is a causal relationship between adipose overexpression of ceruloplasmin and cancer development in obesity cannot be answered by these cross-sectional comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Arner
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Alistair R. R. Forrest
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Anna Ehrlund
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Niklas Mejhert
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Masayoshi Itoh
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawaji
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Timo Lassmann
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jurga Laurencikiene
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
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Van Overmeire E, Laoui D, Keirsse J, Van Ginderachter JA, Sarukhan A. Mechanisms driving macrophage diversity and specialization in distinct tumor microenvironments and parallelisms with other tissues. Front Immunol 2014; 5:127. [PMID: 24723924 PMCID: PMC3972476 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are extremely versatile cells that adopt a distinct phenotype in response to a changing microenvironment. Consequently, macrophages are involved in diverse functions, ranging from organogenesis and tissue homeostasis to recognition and destruction of invading pathogens. In cancer, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) often contribute to tumor progression by increasing cancer cell migration and invasiveness, stimulating angiogenesis, and suppressing anti-tumor immunity. Accumulating evidence suggests that these different functions could be exerted by specialized TAM subpopulations. Here, we discuss the potential underlying mechanisms regulating TAM specialization and elaborate on TAM heterogeneity in terms of their ontogeny, activation state, and intra-tumoral localization. In addition, parallels are drawn between TAM and macrophages in other tissues. Together, a better understanding of TAM diversity could provide a rationale for novel strategies aimed at targeting the most potent tumor-supporting macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Van Overmeire
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB , Brussels , Belgium ; Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Damya Laoui
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB , Brussels , Belgium ; Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Jiri Keirsse
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB , Brussels , Belgium ; Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB , Brussels , Belgium ; Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Adelaida Sarukhan
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB , Brussels , Belgium ; Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium ; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale , Paris , France
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Local proliferation of macrophages contributes to obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation. Cell Metab 2014; 19:162-171. [PMID: 24374218 PMCID: PMC3931314 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 449] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) of obese mice and humans accumulates immune cells, which secrete cytokines that can promote insulin resistance. AT macrophages (ATMs) are thought to originate from bone-marrow-derived monocytes, which infiltrate the tissue from the circulation. Here, we show that a major fraction of macrophages unexpectedly undergo cell division locally within AT, as detected by Ki67 expression and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation. Macrophages within the visceral AT (VAT), but not those in other tissues (including liver and spleen), displayed increased proliferation in obesity. Importantly, depletion of blood monocytes had no impact on ATM content, whereas their proliferation in situ continued. Treatment with monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) induced macrophage cell division in AT explants, whereas mcp-1 deficiency in vivo decreased ATM proliferation. These results reveal that, in addition to blood monocyte recruitment, in situ proliferation driven by MCP-1 is an important process by which macrophages accumulate in the VAT in obesity.
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45
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Pérez-Hernández AI, Catalán V, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Rodríguez A, Frühbeck G. Mechanisms linking excess adiposity and carcinogenesis promotion. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:65. [PMID: 24829560 PMCID: PMC4013474 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity constitutes one of the most important metabolic diseases being associated to insulin resistance development and increased cardiovascular risk. Association between obesity and cancer has also been well established for several tumor types, such as breast cancer in post-menopausal women, colorectal, and prostate cancer. Cancer is the first death cause in developed countries and the second one in developing countries, with high incidence rates around the world. Furthermore, it has been estimated that 15-20% of all cancer deaths may be attributable to obesity. Tumor growth is regulated by interactions between tumor cells and their tissue microenvironment. In this sense, obesity may lead to cancer development through dysfunctional adipose tissue and altered signaling pathways. In this review, three main pathways relating obesity and cancer development are examined: (i) inflammatory changes leading to macrophage polarization and altered adipokine profile; (ii) insulin resistance development; and (iii) adipose tissue hypoxia. Since obesity and cancer present a high prevalence, the association between these conditions is of great public health significance and studies showing mechanisms by which obesity lead to cancer development and progression are needed to improve prevention and management of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Gema Frühbeck, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII 36, Pamplona 31008, Spain e-mail:
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Peng W, Ding F, Peng YK, Jiang YT, Zhang L. Binding patterns and structure-affinity relationships of food azo dyes with lysozyme: a multitechnique approach. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:12415-12428. [PMID: 24319998 DOI: 10.1021/jf4039327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Food dyes serve to beguile consumers: they are often used to imitate the presence of healthful, colorful food produce such as fruits and vegetables. But considering the hurtful impact of these chemicals on the human body, it is time to thoroughly uncover the toxicity of these food dyes at the molecular level. In the present contribution, we have examined the molecular reactions of protein lysozyme with model food azo compound Color Index (C.I.) Acid Red 2 and its analogues C.I. Acid Orange 52, Solvent Yellow 2, and the core structure of azobenzene using a combination of biophysical methods at physiological conditions. Fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), time-resolved fluorescence, UV-vis absorption as well as computer-aided molecular modeling were used to analyze food dye affinity, binding mode, energy transfer, and the effects of food dye complexation on lysozyme stability and conformation. Fluorescence emission spectra indicate complex formation at 10(-5) M dye concentration, and this corroborates time-resolved fluorescence results showing the diminution in the tryptophan (Trp) fluorescence mainly via a static type (KSV = 1.505 × 10(4) M(-1)) and Förster energy transfer. Structural analysis displayed the participation of several amino acid residues in food dye protein adducts, with hydrogen bonds, π-π and cation-π interactions, but the conformation of lysozyme was unchanged in the process, as derived from fluorescence emission, far-UV CD, and synchronous fluorescence spectra. The overall affinity of food dye is 10(4) M(-1) and there exists only one kind of binding domain in protein for food dye. These data are consistent with hydrophobic probe 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) displacement, and molecular modeling manifesting the food dye binding patch was near to Trp-62 and Trp-63 residues of lysozyme. On the basis of the computational analyses, we determine that the type of substituent on the azobenzene structure has a powerful influence on the toxicity of food dyes. Results from this work testify that model protein, though an indirect method, provides a more comprehensive profile of the essence of toxicity evaluation of food dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100, China
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Adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) of obese patients are releasing increased levels of prolactin during an inflammatory challenge: a role for prolactin in diabesity? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1842:584-93. [PMID: 24361460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity, characterized by low grade inflammation, induces adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) infiltration in white adipose tissue (AT) in both humans and rodents, thus contributing to insulin resistance. Previous studies have shown altered prolactin secretion in obesity, however, studies linking ATM infiltration and prolactin (PRL) secretion to the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome, obesity and diabetes are lacking. METHODS/RESULTS In vivo, qPCR and Western blot analysis demonstrated that prolactin expression was increased in AT of obese rats and also in human AT from obese, obese pre-diabetic and obese diabetic compared to lean counterparts. Immunohistochemistry of obese rat and human AT sections demonstrated a specific expression of prolactin in macrophages. In vitro, we demonstrated that hyperglycemia and inflammation stimulated macrophages (human THP-1 cell line and sorted rat ATM) to express PRL, when challenged with different glucose concentrations with or without IL1β. In in vivo and in vitro experiments, we assessed the expression of Pit-1 (PRL-specific transcription factor) and found that its expression was parallel to PRL expression. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we show that rodent and human macrophages synthesize prolactin in response to inflammation and high glucose concentrations. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our data shed new light on the potential role of macrophages in the physiopathology of diabesity via the PRL expression and on its expression mechanism and regulation.
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Lee BC, Lee J. Cellular and molecular players in adipose tissue inflammation in the development of obesity-induced insulin resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1842:446-62. [PMID: 23707515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 464] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence showing that inflammation is an important pathogenic mediator of the development of obesity-induced insulin resistance. It is now generally accepted that tissue-resident immune cells play a major role in the regulation of this obesity-induced inflammation. The roles that adipose tissue (AT)-resident immune cells play have been particularly extensively studied. AT contains most types of immune cells and obesity increases their numbers and activation levels, particularly in AT macrophages (ATMs). Other pro-inflammatory cells found in AT include neutrophils, Th1 CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, B cells, DCs, and mast cells. However, AT also contains anti-inflammatory cells that counter the pro-inflammatory immune cells that are responsible for the obesity-induced inflammation in this tissue. These anti-inflammatory cells include regulatory CD4 T cells (Tregs), Th2 CD4 T cells, and eosinophils. Hence, AT inflammation is shaped by the regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory immune cell homeostasis, and obesity skews this balance towards a more pro-inflammatory status. Recent genetic studies revealed several molecules that participate in the development of obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. In this review, the cellular and molecular players that participate in the regulation of obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance are discussed, with particular attention being placed on the roles of the cellular players in these pathogeneses. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Modulation of Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Cheol Lee
- The Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongsoon Lee
- The Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Wagner M, Dudley AC. A three-party alliance in solid tumors: Adipocytes, macrophages and vascular endothelial cells. Adipocyte 2013; 2:67-73. [PMID: 23805401 PMCID: PMC3661111 DOI: 10.4161/adip.23016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In tumors, cross talk between malignant and non-malignant cells (stroma) influences tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Stromal cells in tumors typically include vascular cells, fibroblasts and a heterogeneous population of inflammatory cells. Adipocytes may also be present. Adipose tissue is perhaps the least studied stromal cell “compartment” despite the fact that some tumors, particularly breast tumors, grow in close proximity to or physically interact with adipocytes. Apart from adipocytes and numerous blood vessels, adipose tissue harbors macrophages, which increase in proportion to adipose tissue mass. While circulating or bone marrow-derived macrophages play a well-defined role in tumor growth, it is less understood how resident adipose tissue-associated macrophages contribute to tumor progression. Here, we will review the role of adipose tissue in tumor growth and angiogenesis with emphasis on the specific functions of adipose tissue macrophages in these processes.
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Lee J. Adipose tissue macrophages in the development of obesity-induced inflammation, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:208-22. [PMID: 23397293 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It has been increasingly accepted that chronic subacute inflammation plays an important role in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in animals and humans. Particularly supporting this is that suppression of systemic inflammation in type 2 diabetes improves glycemic control; this also points to a new potential therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Recent studies strongly suggest that obesity-induced inflammation is mainly mediated by tissue resident immune cells, with particular attention being focused on adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs). This review delineates the current progress made in understanding obesity-induced inflammation and the roles ATMs play in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongsoon Lee
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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