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Cui N, Zhang JT, Li Z, Wei XY, Wang J, Jia N. Tetramerization-dependent activation of the Sir2-associated short prokaryotic Argonaute immune system. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8610. [PMID: 39366953 PMCID: PMC11452484 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52910-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic Argonaute proteins (eAgos) utilize short nucleic acid guides to target complementary sequences for RNA silencing, while prokaryotic Agos (pAgos) provide immunity against invading plasmids or bacteriophages. The Sir2-domain associated short pAgo (SPARSA) immune system defends against invaders by depleting NAD+ and triggering cell death. However, the molecular mechanism underlying SPARSA activation remains unknown. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of inactive monomeric, active tetrameric and active NAD+-bound tetrameric SPARSA complexes, elucidating mechanisms underlying SPARSA assembly, guide RNA preference, target ssDNA-triggered SPARSA tetramerization, and tetrameric-dependent NADase activation. Short pAgos form heterodimers with Sir2-APAZ, favoring short guide RNA with a 5'-AU from ColE-like plasmids. RNA-guided recognition of the target ssDNA triggers SPARSA tetramerization via pAgo- and Sir2-mediated interactions. The resulting tetrameric Sir2 rearrangement aligns catalytic residue H186 for NAD+ hydrolysis. These insights advance our understanding of Sir2-domain associated pAgos immune systems and should facilitate the development of a short pAgo-associated biotechnological toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Cui
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun-Tao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhuolin Li
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin-Yang Wei
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ning Jia
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Institute for Biological Electron Microscopy, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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2
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Sethi P, Mehan S, Khan Z, Maurya PK, Kumar N, Kumar A, Tiwari A, Sharma T, Das Gupta G, Narula AS, Kalfin R. The SIRT-1/Nrf2/HO-1 axis: Guardians of neuronal health in neurological disorders. Behav Brain Res 2024; 476:115280. [PMID: 39368713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
SIRT1 (Sirtuin 1) is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase that functions through nucleoplasmic transfer and is present in nearly all mammalian tissues. SIRT1 is believed to deacetylate its protein substrates, resulting in neuroprotective actions, including reduced oxidative stress and inflammation, increased autophagy, increased nerve growth factors, and preserved neuronal integrity in aging or neurological disease. Nrf2 is a transcription factor that regulates the genes responsible for oxidative stress response and substance detoxification. The activation of Nrf2 guards cells against oxidative damage, inflammation, and carcinogenic stimuli. Several neurological abnormalities and inflammatory disorders have been associated with variations in Nrf2 activation caused by either pharmacological or genetic factors. Recent evidence indicates that Nrf2 is at the center of a complex cellular regulatory network, establishing it as a transcription factor with genuine pleiotropy. HO-1 is most likely a component of a defense mechanism in cells under stress, as it provides negative feedback for cell activation and mediator synthesis. This mediator is upregulated by Nrf2, nitric oxide (NO), and other factors in various inflammatory states. HO-1 or its metabolites, such as CO, may mitigate inflammation by modulating signal transduction pathways. Neurological diseases may be effectively treated by modulating the activity of HO-1. Multiple studies have demonstrated that SIRT1 and Nrf2 share an important connection. SIRT1 enhances Nrf2, activates HO-1, protects against oxidative injury, and decreases neuronal death. This has been associated with numerous neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Therefore, activating the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway may help treat various neurological disorders. This review focuses on the current understanding of the SIRT1 and Nrf2/HO-1 neuroprotective processes and the potential therapeutic applications of their target activators in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranshul Sethi
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar), Moga, Punjab 144603, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar), Moga, Punjab 144603, India.
| | - Zuber Khan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar), Moga, Punjab 144603, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Maurya
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar), Moga, Punjab 144603, India
| | - Nitish Kumar
- SRM Modinagar College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Delhi-NCR Campus, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201204, India
| | - Aakash Kumar
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar), Moga, Punjab 144603, India
| | - Aarti Tiwari
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar), Moga, Punjab 144603, India
| | - Tarun Sharma
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar), Moga, Punjab 144603, India
| | - Ghanshyam Das Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar), Moga, Punjab 144603, India
| | - Acharan S Narula
- Narula Research, LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Reni Kalfin
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Block 23, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; Department of Healthcare, South-West University "NeofitRilski", Ivan Mihailov St. 66, Blagoevgrad 2700, Bulgaria
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3
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Bonomi RE, Riordan W, Gelovani JG. The Structures, Functions, and Roles of Class III HDACs (Sirtuins) in Neuropsychiatric Diseases. Cells 2024; 13:1644. [PMID: 39404407 PMCID: PMC11476333 DOI: 10.3390/cells13191644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2024] [Revised: 09/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, epigenetic regulation has become a rapidly growing and influential field in biology and medicine. One key mechanism involves the acetylation and deacetylation of lysine residues on histone core proteins and other critical proteins that regulate gene expression and cellular signaling. Although histone deacetylases (HDACs) have received significant attention, the roles of individual HDAC isoforms in the pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases still require further research. This is particularly true with regard to the sirtuins, class III HDACs. Sirtuins have unique functional activity and significant roles in normal neurophysiology, as well as in the mechanisms of addiction, mood disorders, and other neuropsychiatric abnormalities. This review aims to elucidate the differences in catalytic structure and function of the seven sirtuins as they relate to psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin E. Bonomi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA;
| | - William Riordan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA;
| | - Juri G. Gelovani
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Office of the Provost, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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4
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Chen Z, Chen T, Lin R, Zhang Y. Circulating inflammatory proteins and abdominal aortic aneurysm: A two-sample Mendelian randomization and colocalization analyses. Cytokine 2024; 182:156700. [PMID: 39033731 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inflammatory proteins are implicated in the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA); however, it remains debated whether they are causal or consequential. This study aimed to assess the influence of circulating inflammatory proteins on AAA via two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) and colocalization analysis. METHODS Summary data on 91 circulating inflammatory protein levels were extracted from a comprehensive protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) study involving 14,824 individuals. Genetic associations with AAA were derived from the FinnGen study (3,869 cases and 381,977 controls). MR analysis was conducted to assess the relationships between proteins and AAA risk. Colocalization analysis was employed to explore potential shared causal variants between identified proteins and AAA. RESULTS Using a two-sample bidirectional MR study, our findings suggested that genetically predicted elevated levels of TGFB1 (OR = 1.21, P = 0.003), SIRT2 (OR = 1.196, P = 0.031) and TNFSF14 (OR = 1.129, P = 0.034) were linked to an increased risk of AAA. Conversely, genetically predicted higher levels of CD40 (OR = 0.912, P = 0.049), IL2RB (OR = 0.839, P = 0.028) and KITLG (OR = 0.827, P = 0.008) were associated with a decreased risk of AAA. Colocalization analyses supported the association of TGFB1 and SIRT2 levels with AAA risk. CONCLUSIONS The proteome-wide MR and colocalization study identified TGFB1 and SIRT2 as being associated with the risk of AAA, warranting further investigation as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Haidian Hospital, Beijing Haidian Section of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruimin Lin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Haidian Hospital, Beijing Haidian Section of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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5
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Bohl K, Wynia-Smith SL, Jones Lipinski RA, Smith BC. Inhibition of Sirtuin Deacylase Activity by Peroxynitrite. Biochemistry 2024; 63:2463-2476. [PMID: 39256054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.4c00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Sirtuins are a class of enzymes that deacylate protein lysine residues using NAD+ as a cosubstrate. Sirtuin deacylase activity has been historically regarded as protective; loss of sirtuin deacylase activity potentially increases susceptibility to aging-related disease development. However, which factors may inhibit sirtuins during aging or disease is largely unknown. Increased oxidant and inflammatory byproduct production damages cellular proteins. Previously, we and others found that sirtuin deacylase activity is inhibited by the nitric oxide (NO)-derived cysteine post-translational modification S-nitrosation. However, the comparative ability of the NO-derived oxidant peroxynitrite (ONOO-) to affect human sirtuin activity had not yet been assessed under uniform conditions. Here, we compare the ability of ONOO- (donated from SIN-1) to post-translationally modify and inhibit SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT3, SIRT5, and SIRT6 deacylase activity. In response to SIN-1 treatment, inhibition of SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT3, SIRT5, and SIRT6 deacylase activity correlated with increased tyrosine nitration. Mass spectrometry identified multiple novel tyrosine nitration sites in SIRT1, SIRT3, SIRT5, and SIRT6. As each sirtuin isoform has at least one tyrosine nitration site within the catalytic core, nitration may result in sirtuin inhibition. ONOO- can also react with cysteine residues, resulting in sulfenylation; however, only SIRT1 showed detectable peroxynitrite-mediated cysteine sulfenylation. While SIRT2, SIRT3, SIRT5, and SIRT6 showed no detectable sulfenylation, SIRT6 likely undergoes transient sulfenylation, quickly resolving into an intermolecular disulfide bond. These results suggest that the aging-related oxidant peroxynitrite can post-translationally modify and inhibit sirtuins, contributing to susceptibility to aging-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Bohl
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Sarah L Wynia-Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Rachel A Jones Lipinski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Brian C Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
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Fiorentino F, Fabbrizi E, Mai A, Rotili D. Activation and inhibition of sirtuins: From bench to bedside. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 39215785 DOI: 10.1002/med.22076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The sirtuin family comprises seven NAD+-dependent enzymes which catalyze protein lysine deacylation and mono ADP-ribosylation. Sirtuins act as central regulators of genomic stability and gene expression and control key processes, including energetic metabolism, cell cycle, differentiation, apoptosis, and aging. As a result, all sirtuins play critical roles in cellular homeostasis and organism wellness, and their dysregulation has been linked to metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. Furthermore, sirtuins have shown dichotomous roles in cancer, acting as context-dependent tumor suppressors or promoters. Given their central role in different cellular processes, sirtuins have attracted increasing research interest aimed at developing both activators and inhibitors. Indeed, sirtuin modulation may have therapeutic effects in many age-related diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Moreover, isoform selective modulators may increase our knowledge of sirtuin biology and aid to develop better therapies. Through this review, we provide critical insights into sirtuin pharmacology and illustrate their enzymatic activities and biological functions. Furthermore, we outline the most relevant sirtuin modulators in terms of their modes of action, structure-activity relationships, pharmacological effects, and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fiorentino
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Fabbrizi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Pasteur Institute, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Della Torre S, Dell'Omo G, Dellavedova J, Palazzolo L, Scanziani E, Eberini I, Pinto A, Mitro N, Conti P, Villa A, Ciana P. Discovery and characterization of a new class of NAD +-independent SIRT1 activators. Pharmacol Res 2024; 206:107296. [PMID: 38971269 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
The activity of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1, a member of the NAD+-dependent deacetylases family) decreases during aging as NAD+ levels naturally decline, thus increasing the risk of several age-associated diseases. Several sirtuin-activating compounds (STACs) have been developed to counteract the age-associated reduction in SIRT1 activity, and some of them are currently under development in clinical trials. STACs induce SIRT1 activation, either through allosteric activation of the enzyme in the presence of NAD+, or by increasing NAD+ levels by inhibiting its degradation or by supplying a key precursor in biosynthesis. In this study, we have identified (E)-2'-des-methyl sulindac analogues as a novel class of STACs that act also in the absence of NAD+, a peculiar behavior demonstrated through enzymatic and mass spectrometry experiments, both in vitro and in cell lines. The activation of the SIRT1 pathway was confirmed in vivo through gene expression and metabolomics analysis. Our data suggest that these compounds could serve as candidate leads for a novel therapeutic strategy aimed at addressing a key metabolic deficiency that may contribute to metabolic and age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Della Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Dell'Omo
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Jessica Dellavedova
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Palazzolo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Scanziani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano Milan, Italy
| | - Ivano Eberini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Pinto
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nico Mitro
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Conti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Villa
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Ciana
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Sazdova I, Hadzi-Petrushev N, Keremidarska-Markova M, Stojchevski R, Sopi R, Shileiko S, Mitrokhin V, Gagov H, Avtanski D, Lubomirov LT, Mladenov M. SIRT-associated attenuation of cellular senescence in vascular wall. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 220:111943. [PMID: 38762036 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
This review focuses on the vital function that SIRT1 and other sirtuins play in promoting cellular senescence in vascular smooth muscle cells, which is a key element in the pathogenesis of vascular aging and associated cardiovascular diseases. Vascular aging is a gradual process caused by the accumulation of senescent cells, which results in increased vascular remodeling, stiffness, and diminished angiogenic ability. Such physiological alterations are characterized by a complex interplay of environmental and genetic variables, including oxidative stress and telomere attrition, which affect gene expression patterns and trigger cell growth arrest. SIRT1 has been highlighted for its potential to reduce cellular senescence through modulation of multiple signaling cascades, particularly the endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS)/NO signaling pathway. It also modulates cell cycle through p53 inactivation and suppresses NF-κB mediated expression of adhesive molecules at the vascular level. The study also examines the therapeutic potential of sirtuin modulation in vascular health, identifying SIRT1 and its sirtuin counterparts as potential targets for reducing vascular aging. This study sheds light on the molecular basis of vascular aging and the beneficial effects of sirtuins, paving the way for the development of tailored therapies aimed at enhancing vascular health and prolonging life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliyana Sazdova
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University 'St. Kliment Ohridski', Sofia 1504, Bulgaria
| | - Nikola Hadzi-Petrushev
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje 1000, North Macedonia
| | - Milena Keremidarska-Markova
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University 'St. Kliment Ohridski', Sofia 1504, Bulgaria
| | - Radoslav Stojchevski
- Friedman Diabetes Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, 110 E 59th Street, New York, NY 10022, USA
| | - Ramadan Sopi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina 10 000, Kosovo
| | - Stanislav Shileiko
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Physiology, Russian States Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Vadim Mitrokhin
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Physiology, Russian States Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Hristo Gagov
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University 'St. Kliment Ohridski', Sofia 1504, Bulgaria
| | - Dimitar Avtanski
- Friedman Diabetes Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, 110 E 59th Street, New York, NY 10022, USA
| | - Lubomir T Lubomirov
- Vascular Biology Research Group (RenEVA), Research Institute, Medical University-Varna, Varna, Bulgaria; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health - School of Medicine, Biomedical Center for Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Mitko Mladenov
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje 1000, North Macedonia; Department of Fundamental and Applied Physiology, Russian States Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia.
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9
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Tang L, Remiszewski S, Snedeker A, Chiang LW, Shenk T. An allosteric inhibitor of sirtuin 2 blocks hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA establishment and its transcriptional activity. Antiviral Res 2024; 226:105888. [PMID: 38641024 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
296 million people worldwide are predisposed to developing severe end-stage liver diseases due to chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. HBV forms covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) molecules that persist as episomal DNA in the nucleus of infected hepatocytes and drive viral replication. Occasionally, the HBV genome becomes integrated into host chromosomal DNA, a process that is believed to significantly contribute to circulating HBsAg levels and HCC development. Neither cccDNA accumulation nor expression from integrated HBV DNA are directly targeted by current antiviral treatments. In this study, we investigated the antiviral properties of a newly described allosteric modulator, FLS-359, that targets sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), an NAD+-dependent deacylase. Our results demonstrate that SIRT2 modulation by FLS-359 and by other tool compounds inhibits cccDNA synthesis following de novo infection of primary human hepatocytes and HepG2 (C3A)-NTCP cells, and FLS-359 substantially reduces cccDNA recycling in HepAD38 cells. While pre-existing cccDNA is not eradicated by short-term treatment with FLS-359, its transcriptional activity is substantially impaired, likely through inhibition of viral promoter activities. Consistent with the inhibition of viral transcription, HBsAg production by HepG2.2.15 cells, which contain integrated HBV genomes, is also suppressed by FLS-359. Our study provides further insights on SIRT2 regulation of HBV infection and supports the development of potent SIRT2 inhibitors as HBV antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudi Tang
- Evrys Bio, LLC, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA; Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA.
| | - Stacy Remiszewski
- Evrys Bio, LLC, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | | | - Lillian W Chiang
- Evrys Bio, LLC, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Thomas Shenk
- Evrys Bio, LLC, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
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10
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Rühling MR, Hartmann H, Das AM. Simplification of Dietary Treatment in Pharmacoresistant Epilepsy: Impact of C8 and C10 Fatty Acids on Sirtuins of Neuronal Cells In Vitro. Nutrients 2024; 16:1678. [PMID: 38892612 PMCID: PMC11174688 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Pharmacotherapy is the therapeutic mainstay in epilepsy; however, in about 30% of patients, epileptic seizures are drug-resistant. A ketogenic diet (KD) is an alternative therapeutic option. The mechanisms underlying the anti-seizure effect of a KD are not fully understood. Epileptic seizures lead to an increased energy demand of neurons. An improvement in energy provisions may have a protective effect. C8 and C10 fatty acids have been previously shown to activate mitochondrial function in vitro. This could involve sirtuins (SIRTs) as regulatory elements of energy metabolism. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether ß-hydroxybutyrate (ßHB), C8 fatty acids, C10 fatty acids, or a combination of C8 and C10 (250/250 µM) fatty acids, which all increase under a KD, could up-regulate SIRT1, -3, -4, and -5 in HT22 hippocampal murine neurons in vitro. Cells were incubated for 1 week in the presence of these metabolites. The sirtuins were measured at the enzyme (fluorometrically), protein (Western blot), and gene expression (PCR) levels. In hippocampal cells, the C8, C10, and C8 and C10 incubations led to increases in the sirtuin levels, which were not inferior to a ßHB incubation as the 'gold standard'. This may indicate that both C8 and C10 fatty acids are important for the antiepileptic effect of a KD. A KD may be replaced by nutritional supplements of C8 and C10 fatty acids, which could facilitate the diet.
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11
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Wu H, Lu A, Yuan J, Yu Y, Lv C, Lu J. Mono-ADP-ribosylation, a MARylationmultifaced modification of protein, DNA and RNA: characterizations, functions and mechanisms. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:226. [PMID: 38734665 PMCID: PMC11088682 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01994-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The functional alterations of proteins and nucleic acids mainly rely on their modifications. ADP-ribosylation is a NAD+-dependent modification of proteins and, in some cases, of nucleic acids. This modification is broadly categorized as Mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation (MARylation) or poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation). MARylation catalyzed by mono(ADP-ribosyl) transferases (MARTs) is more common in cells and the number of MARTs is much larger than poly(ADP-ribosyl) transferases. Unlike PARylation is well-characterized, research on MARylation is at the starting stage. However, growing evidence demonstrate the cellular functions of MARylation, supporting its potential roles in human health and diseases. In this review, we outlined MARylation-associated proteins including MARTs, the ADP-ribosyl hydrolyses and ADP-ribose binding domains. We summarized up-to-date findings about MARylation onto newly identified substrates including protein, DNA and RNA, and focused on the functions of these reactions in pathophysiological conditions as well as speculated the potential mechanisms. Furthermore, new strategies of MARylation detection and the current state of MARTs inhibitors were discussed. We also provided an outlook for future study, aiming to revealing the unknown biological properties of MARylation and its relevant mechanisms, and establish a novel therapeutic perspective in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Anqi Lu
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiuzhi Yuan
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chongning Lv
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Resources Conservation and Development, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jincai Lu
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Resources Conservation and Development, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
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12
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Curcio A, Rocca R, Alcaro S, Artese A. The Histone Deacetylase Family: Structural Features and Application of Combined Computational Methods. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:620. [PMID: 38794190 PMCID: PMC11124352 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are crucial in gene transcription, removing acetyl groups from histones. They also influence the deacetylation of non-histone proteins, contributing to the regulation of various biological processes. Thus, HDACs play pivotal roles in various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and inflammatory conditions, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets. This paper reviews the structure and function of the four classes of human HDACs. While four HDAC inhibitors are currently available for treating hematological malignancies, numerous others are undergoing clinical trials. However, their non-selective toxicity necessitates ongoing research into safer and more efficient class-selective or isoform-selective inhibitors. Computational methods have aided the discovery of HDAC inhibitors with the desired potency and/or selectivity. These methods include ligand-based approaches, such as scaffold hopping, pharmacophore modeling, three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships, and structure-based virtual screening (molecular docking). Moreover, recent developments in the field of molecular dynamics simulations, combined with Poisson-Boltzmann/molecular mechanics generalized Born surface area techniques, have improved the prediction of ligand binding affinity. In this review, we delve into the ways in which these methods have contributed to designing and identifying HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Curcio
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Campus “S. Venuta”, Università degli Studi “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.C.); (S.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Roberta Rocca
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Campus “S. Venuta”, Università degli Studi “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.C.); (S.A.); (A.A.)
- Net4Science S.r.l., Università degli Studi “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Campus “S. Venuta”, Università degli Studi “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.C.); (S.A.); (A.A.)
- Net4Science S.r.l., Università degli Studi “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Artese
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Campus “S. Venuta”, Università degli Studi “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.C.); (S.A.); (A.A.)
- Net4Science S.r.l., Università degli Studi “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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13
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Bursch KL, Goetz CJ, Smith BC. Current Trends in Sirtuin Activator and Inhibitor Development. Molecules 2024; 29:1185. [PMID: 38474697 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent protein deacylases and key metabolic regulators, coupling the cellular energy state with selective lysine deacylation to regulate many downstream cellular processes. Humans encode seven sirtuin isoforms (Sirt1-7) with diverse subcellular localization and deacylase targets. Sirtuins are considered protective anti-aging proteins since increased sirtuin activity is canonically associated with lifespan extension and decreased activity with developing aging-related diseases. However, sirtuins can also assume detrimental cellular roles where increased activity contributes to pathophysiology. Modulation of sirtuin activity by activators and inhibitors thus holds substantial potential for defining the cellular roles of sirtuins in health and disease and developing therapeutics. Instead of being comprehensive, this review discusses the well-characterized sirtuin activators and inhibitors available to date, particularly those with demonstrated selectivity, potency, and cellular activity. This review also provides recommendations regarding the best-in-class sirtuin activators and inhibitors for practical research as sirtuin modulator discovery and refinement evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina L Bursch
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Structural Genomics Unit, Linda T. and John A. Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Christopher J Goetz
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Brian C Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Structural Genomics Unit, Linda T. and John A. Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Program in Chemical Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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14
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Lambona C, Zwergel C, Valente S, Mai A. SIRT3 Activation a Promise in Drug Development? New Insights into SIRT3 Biology and Its Implications on the Drug Discovery Process. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1662-1689. [PMID: 38261767 PMCID: PMC10859967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Sirtuins catalyze deacetylation of lysine residues with a NAD+-dependent mechanism. In mammals, the sirtuin family is composed of seven members, divided into four subclasses that differ in substrate specificity, subcellular localization, regulation, as well as interactions with other proteins, both within and outside the epigenetic field. Recently, much interest has been growing in SIRT3, which is mainly involved in regulating mitochondrial metabolism. Moreover, SIRT3 seems to be protective in diseases such as age-related, neurodegenerative, liver, kidney, heart, and metabolic ones, as well as in cancer. In most cases, activating SIRT3 could be a promising strategy to tackle these health problems. Here, we summarize the main biological functions, substrates, and interactors of SIRT3, as well as several molecules reported in the literature that are able to modulate SIRT3 activity. Among the activators, some derive from natural products, others from library screening, and others from the classical medicinal chemistry approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lambona
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza
University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Clemens Zwergel
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza
University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza
University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza
University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Pasteur
Institute, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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15
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Han H, Feng X, He T, Wu Y, He T, Yue Z, Zhou W. Discussion on structure classification and regulation function of histone deacetylase and their inhibitor. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14366. [PMID: 37776270 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of genes through posttranslational regulation of proteins is a well-explored approach for disease treatment, particularly in cancer chemotherapy. Histone deacetylases have shown significant potential as effective drug targets in therapeutic studies aiming to restore epigenetic normality in oncology. Besides their role in modifying histones, histone deacetylases can also catalyze the deacetylation of various nonhistone proteins and participate in the regulation of multiple biological processes. This paper provides a review of the classification, structure, and functional characteristics of the four classes of human histone deacetylases. The increasing abundance of structural information on HDACs has led to the gradual elucidation of structural differences among subgroups and subtypes. This has provided a reasonable explanation for the selectivity of certain HDAC inhibitors. Currently, the US FDA has approved a total of six HDAC inhibitors for marketing, primarily for the treatment of various hematological tumors and a few solid tumors. These inhibitors all have a common pharmacodynamic moiety consisting of three parts: CAP, ZBG, and Linker. In this paper, the structure-effect relationship of HDAC inhibitors is explored by classifying the six HDAC inhibitors into three main groups: isohydroxamic acids, benzamides, and cyclic peptides, based on the type of inhibitor ZBG. However, there are still many questions that need to be answered in this field. In this paper, the structure-functional characteristics of HDACs and the structural information of the pharmacophore model and enzyme active region of HDAC is are considered, which can help to understand the inhibition mechanism of the compounds as well as the rational design of HDACs. This paper integrates the structural-functional characteristics of HDACs as well as the pharmacophore model of HDAC is and the structural information of the enzymatic active region, which not only contributes to the understanding of the inhibition mechanism of the compounds, but also provides a basis for the rational design of HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, P. R. China
| | - Xue Feng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, P. R. China
| | - Ting He
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, P. R. China
| | - Yingfan Wu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, P. R. China
| | - Tianmei He
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, P. R. China
| | - Ziwen Yue
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, P. R. China
| | - Weiqiang Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, P. R. China
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16
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Alexandris AS, Koliatsos VE. NAD +, Axonal Maintenance, and Neurological Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:1167-1184. [PMID: 37503611 PMCID: PMC10715442 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Significance: The remarkable geometry of the axon exposes it to unique challenges for survival and maintenance. Axonal degeneration is a feature of peripheral neuropathies, glaucoma, and traumatic brain injury, and an early event in neurodegenerative diseases. Since the discovery of Wallerian degeneration (WD), a molecular program that hijacks nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism for axonal self-destruction, the complex roles of NAD+ in axonal viability and disease have become research priority. Recent Advances: The discoveries of the protective Wallerian degeneration slow (WldS) and of sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1 (SARM1) activation as the main instructive signal for WD have shed new light on the regulatory role of NAD+ in axonal degeneration in a growing number of neurological diseases. SARM1 has been characterized as a NAD+ hydrolase and sensor of NAD+ metabolism. The discovery of regulators of nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 2 (NMNAT2) proteostasis in axons, the allosteric regulation of SARM1 by NAD+ and NMN, and the existence of clinically relevant windows of action of these signals has opened new opportunities for therapeutic interventions, including SARM1 inhibitors and modulators of NAD+ metabolism. Critical Issues: Events upstream and downstream of SARM1 remain unclear. Furthermore, manipulating NAD+ metabolism, an overdetermined process crucial in cell survival, for preventing the degeneration of the injured axon may be difficult and potentially toxic. Future Directions: There is a need for clarification of the distinct roles of NAD+ metabolism in axonal maintenance as contrasted to WD. There is also a need to better understand the role of NAD+ metabolism in axonal endangerment in neuropathies, diseases of the white matter, and the early stages of neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 1167-1184.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vassilis E. Koliatsos
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neurology, and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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17
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Yang Y, Zou S, Cai K, Li N, Li Z, Tan W, Lin W, Zhao GP, Zhao W. Zymograph profiling reveals a divergent evolution of sirtuin that may originate from class III enzymes. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105339. [PMID: 37838168 PMCID: PMC10652111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are a group of NAD+-dependent deacylases that conserved in three domains of life and comprehensively involved in the regulation of gene transcription, chromosome segregation, RNA splicing, apoptosis, and aging. Previous studies in mammalian cells have revealed that sirtuins not only exist as multiple copies, but also show distinct deacylase activities in addition to deacetylation. However, the understanding of sirtuin zymographs in other organisms with respect to molecular evolution remains at an early stage. Here, we systematically analyze the sirtuin activities in representative species from archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes, using both the HPLC assay and a 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin-based fluorogenic method. Global profiling suggests that the deacylase activities of sirtuins could be divided into three categories and reveals undifferentiated zymographs of class III sirtuins, especially for those from bacteria and archaea. Nevertheless, initial differentiation of enzymatic activity was also observed for the class III sirtuins at both paralog and ortholog levels. Further phylogenetic analyses support a divergent evolution of sirtuin that may originate from class III sirtuins. Together, this work demonstrates a comprehensive panorama of sirtuin zymographs and provides new insights into the cellular specific regulation and molecular evolution of sirtuins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siwei Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kezhu Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ningning Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhongyue Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Guo-Ping Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
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18
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A S, Sudhakar M, Nair AS, Kamalamma S. Identification and molecular modeling of novel endogenous activator proteins of Sirt-1: an in silico study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8276-8291. [PMID: 36229233 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2132294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Sirt-1 is one of the most extensively studied mammalian Sirtuins that deacetylates histones and several non-histone proteins critical to cellular homeostasis. As a key sensor of cellular metabolism, it is regulated at multiple levels including transcriptional and post translational levels. As an allosteric enzyme, its activity is also modulated by ligands and certain endogenous proteins. The present study is an in silico approach to identify novel Sirt-1 binding proteins. Bioinformatic search for similarity in sequence, structure, and topology of binding region to Lamin-A, a known activator of Sirt-1, identified three proteins viz. Epididymis secretory sperm binding protein (ESSBP), xylosyltransferase 1 (XT-1), and Adenylyl cyclase 9 (ADCY-9). Molecular docking studies revealed binding of ESSBP and ADCY-9 to the N-terminal region of Sirt-1 while XT-1 docks at both N-terminal and C-terminal region of Sirt-1 with Z-Dock score better than Lamin-A; XT-1 and ADCY-9 showed better Z-Rank score as well. MD simulation studies for extended time followed by MM-PBSA analysis showed that the Sirt-1-protein complexes were stable with favourable binding energy and minimal change in RMSD relating to backbone structure and RMSF relating to residue fluctuations. Further, H-bond analysis showed only minimal changes in H bonding interactions. Docking of these proteins to Sirt-1 through interaction with several residues particularly to its N-terminal region spanning 1-243 residues, in a manner similar to the docking of the activator Lamin-A and different from the inhibitor DLBC-1 binding site, suggests that these proteins may also positively modulate Sirt-1 activity. Further experimental data would be required to validate the computational prediction and to understand its physiological role.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanitha A
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Trivandrum, India
| | - Manu Sudhakar
- Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, India
| | - Achuthsankar S Nair
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Trivandrum, India
| | - Saja Kamalamma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Trivandrum, India
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19
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Jain A, Casanova D, Padilla AV, Paniagua Bojorges A, Kotla S, Ko KA, Samanthapudi VSK, Chau K, Nguyen MTH, Wen J, Hernandez Gonzalez SL, Rodgers SP, Olmsted-Davis EA, Hamilton DJ, Reyes-Gibby C, Yeung SCJ, Cooke JP, Herrmann J, Chini EN, Xu X, Yusuf SW, Yoshimoto M, Lorenzi PL, Hobbs B, Krishnan S, Koutroumpakis E, Palaskas NL, Wang G, Deswal A, Lin SH, Abe JI, Le NT. Premature senescence and cardiovascular disease following cancer treatments: mechanistic insights. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1212174. [PMID: 37781317 PMCID: PMC10540075 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1212174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among the aging population. The "response-to-injury" model proposed by Dr. Russell Ross in 1999 emphasizes inflammation as a critical factor in atherosclerosis development, with atherosclerotic plaques forming due to endothelial cell (EC) injury, followed by myeloid cell adhesion and invasion into the blood vessel walls. Recent evidence indicates that cancer and its treatments can lead to long-term complications, including CVD. Cellular senescence, a hallmark of aging, is implicated in CVD pathogenesis, particularly in cancer survivors. However, the precise mechanisms linking premature senescence to CVD in cancer survivors remain poorly understood. This article aims to provide mechanistic insights into this association and propose future directions to better comprehend this complex interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashita Jain
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Diego Casanova
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | | | - Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kyung Ae Ko
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Khanh Chau
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Minh T. H. Nguyen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jake Wen
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Shaefali P. Rodgers
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Dale J. Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Cielito Reyes-Gibby
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sai-Ching J. Yeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John P. Cooke
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joerg Herrmann
- Cardio Oncology Clinic, Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Eduardo N. Chini
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Syed Wamique Yusuf
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Momoko Yoshimoto
- Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Philip L. Lorenzi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of VP Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Brain Hobbs
- Department of Population Health, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Efstratios Koutroumpakis
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nicolas L. Palaskas
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anita Deswal
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Steven H. Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jun-ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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20
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Van Scoyk AN, Antelope O, Franzini A, Ayer DE, Peterson RT, Pomicter AD, Owen SC, Deininger MW. Bioluminescence Assay of Lysine Deacylase Sirtuin Activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.10.552871. [PMID: 37645727 PMCID: PMC10461969 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.10.552871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Lysine acylation can direct protein function, localization, and interactions. Sirtuins deacylate lysine towards maintaining cellular homeostasis, and their aberrant expression contributes to the pathogenesis of multiple pathological conditions, including cancer. Measuring sirtuins' activity is essential to exploring their potential as therapeutic targets, but accurate quantification is challenging. We developed 'SIRTify', a high-sensitivity assay for measuring sirtuin activity in vitro and in vivo. SIRTify is based on a split-version of the NanoLuc® luciferase consisting of a truncated, catalytically inactive N-terminal moiety (LgBiT) that complements with a high-affinity C-terminal peptide (p86) to form active luciferase. Acylation of two lysines within p86 disrupts binding to LgBiT and abates luminescence. Deacylation by sirtuins reestablishes p86 and restores binding, generating a luminescence signal proportional to sirtuin activity. Measurements accurately reflect reported sirtuin specificity for lysine acylations and confirm the effects of sirtuin modulators. SIRTify effectively quantifies lysine deacylation dynamics and may be adaptable to monitoring additional post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anca Franzini
- University of Utah, Department of Oncological Sciences
| | - Donald E Ayer
- University of Utah, Department of Oncological Sciences
| | | | | | - Shawn C Owen
- University of Utah, Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics
- University of Utah, Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Michael W Deininger
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin
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21
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Wiciński M, Erdmann J, Nowacka A, Kuźmiński O, Michalak K, Janowski K, Ohla J, Biernaciak A, Szambelan M, Zabrzyński J. Natural Phytochemicals as SIRT Activators-Focus on Potential Biochemical Mechanisms. Nutrients 2023; 15:3578. [PMID: 37630770 PMCID: PMC10459499 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are a family of proteins with enzymatic activity. There are seven mammalian sirtuins (SIRT1-SIRT7) that are found in different cellular compartments. They are a part of crucial cellular pathways and are regulated by many factors, such as chemicals, environmental stress, and phytochemicals. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have presented their involvement in anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic processes. Recent findings imply that phytochemicals such as resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, fisetin, berberine, and kaempferol may regulate the activity of sirtuins. Resveratrol mainly activates SIRT1 and indirectly activates AMPK. Curcumin influences mainly SIRT1 and SIRT3, but its activity is broad, and many pathways in different cells are affected. Quercetin mainly modulates SIRT1, which triggers antioxidant and antiapoptotic responses. Fisetin, through SIRT1 regulation, modifies lipid metabolism and anti-inflammatory processes. Berberine has a wide spectrum of effects and a significant impact on SIRT1 signaling pathways. Finally, kaempferol triggers anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects through SIRT1 induction. This review aims to summarize recent findings on the properties of phytochemicals in the modulation of sirtuin activity, with a particular focus on biochemical aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Wiciński
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland (K.M.)
| | - Jakub Erdmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland (K.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Nowacka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Oskar Kuźmiński
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland (K.M.)
| | - Klaudia Michalak
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland (K.M.)
| | - Kacper Janowski
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland (K.M.)
| | - Jakub Ohla
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Adrian Biernaciak
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland (K.M.)
| | - Monika Szambelan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland (K.M.)
| | - Jan Zabrzyński
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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22
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Roche KL, Remiszewski S, Todd MJ, Kulp JL, Tang L, Welsh AV, Barry AP, De C, Reiley WW, Wahl A, Garcia JV, Luftig MA, Shenk T, Tonra JR, Murphy EA, Chiang LW. An allosteric inhibitor of sirtuin 2 deacetylase activity exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e158978. [PMID: 37317966 PMCID: PMC10266789 DOI: 10.1172/jci158978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Most drugs used to treat viral disease target a virus-coded product. They inhibit a single virus or virus family, and the pathogen can readily evolve resistance. Host-targeted antivirals can overcome these limitations. The broad-spectrum activity achieved by host targeting can be especially useful in combating emerging viruses and for treatment of diseases caused by multiple viral pathogens, such as opportunistic agents in immunosuppressed patients. We have developed a family of compounds that modulate sirtuin 2, an NAD+-dependent deacylase, and now report the properties of a member of that family, FLS-359. Biochemical and x-ray structural studies show that the drug binds to sirtuin 2 and allosterically inhibits its deacetylase activity. FLS-359 inhibits the growth of RNA and DNA viruses, including members of the coronavirus, orthomyxovirus, flavivirus, hepadnavirus, and herpesvirus families. FLS-359 acts at multiple levels to antagonize cytomegalovirus replication in fibroblasts, causing modest reductions in viral RNAs and DNA, together with a much greater reduction in infectious progeny, and it exhibits antiviral activity in humanized mouse models of infection. Our results highlight the potential of sirtuin 2 inhibitors as broad-spectrum antivirals and set the stage for further understanding of how host epigenetic mechanisms impact the growth and spread of viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L. Roche
- Evrys Bio LLC, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stacy Remiszewski
- Evrys Bio LLC, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew J. Todd
- Evrys Bio LLC, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John L. Kulp
- Evrys Bio LLC, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Liudi Tang
- Evrys Bio LLC, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alison V. Welsh
- Evrys Bio LLC, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ashley P. Barry
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Center for Virology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chandrav De
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Angela Wahl
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - J. Victor Garcia
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Micah A. Luftig
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Center for Virology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas Shenk
- Evrys Bio LLC, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - James R. Tonra
- Evrys Bio LLC, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eain A. Murphy
- Evrys Bio LLC, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Lillian W. Chiang
- Evrys Bio LLC, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA
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23
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Razick DI, Akhtar M, Wen J, Alam M, Dean N, Karabala M, Ansari U, Ansari Z, Tabaie E, Siddiqui S. The Role of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in Neurodegeneration. Cureus 2023; 15:e40463. [PMID: 37456463 PMCID: PMC10349546 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT) are a class of histone deacetylases that regulate important metabolic pathways and play a role in several disease processes. Of the seven mammalian homologs currently identified, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is the best understood and most studied. It has been associated with several neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. As such, it has been further investigated as a therapeutic target in the treatment of disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). SIRT1 deacetylates histones such as H1 lysine 26, H3 lysine 9, H3 lysine 56, and H4 lysine 16 to regulate chromatin remodeling and gene transcription. The homolog has also been observed to express contradictory responses to tumor suppression and tumor promotion. Studies have shown that SIRT1 may have anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the effects of NF-κB, as well as stimulating upregulation of autophagy. The SIRT1 activators resveratrol and cilostazol have been shown to improve Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) scores in AD patients. In this review, we aim to explore the various roles of SIRT1 with regard to neuroprotection and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I Razick
- Surgery, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, USA
| | - Muzammil Akhtar
- Surgery, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, USA
| | - Jimmy Wen
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, USA
| | - Meraj Alam
- Internal Medicine, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, USA
| | - Nabeal Dean
- Internal Medicine, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, USA
| | - Muhammad Karabala
- Internal Medicine, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, USA
| | - Ubaid Ansari
- Internal Medicine, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, USA
| | - Zaid Ansari
- Internal Medicine, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, USA
| | - Ethan Tabaie
- Neurosurgery, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, USA
| | - Shakeel Siddiqui
- Anesthesiology, OrthoMed Staffing Anesthesiology Group, Dallas, USA
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24
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Adu-Agyeiwaah Y, Vieira CP, Asare-Bediako B, Li Calzi S, DuPont M, Floyd J, Boye S, Chiodo V, Busik JV, Grant MB. Intravitreal Administration of AAV2-SIRT1 Reverses Diabetic Retinopathy in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:20. [PMID: 37070938 PMCID: PMC10123324 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.4.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The expression of silent information regulator (SIRT) 1 is reduced in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Previous studies showed that alterations in SIRT1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression are implicated in progressive inflammation and formation of retinal acellular capillaries. Treatment with the SIRT1 agonist, SRT1720, improved visual response by restoration of a- and b-wave responses on electroretinogram scotopic measurements in diabetic (db/db) mice. In this study, we investigated the effects of intravitreal SIRT1 delivery on diabetic retinal pathology. Methods Nine-month-old db/db mice received one intravitreal injection of either AAV2-SIRT1 or AAV2-GFP control virus, and after 3 months, electroretinography and optomotor responses were measured. Their eyes were then removed and analyzed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Results SIRT1 mRNA and protein levels were increased following AAV2-SIRT1 administration compared to control virus AAV2-GFP injected mice. IBA1+ and caspase 3 expression were decreased in retinas of db/db mice injected with AAV2-SIRT1, and reductions in scotopic a- and b-waves and high spatial frequency in optokinetic response were prevented. Retinal hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) protein levels were reduced in the AAV2-SIRT1-injected mice compared to control-injected mice. Using flow cytometry to assess changes in intracellular HIF-1α levels, endothelial cells (CD31+) from AAV-2 SIRT1 injected mice demonstrated reduced HIF-1α expression compared to db/db mice injected with the control virus. Conclusions Intravitreal AAV2-SIRT1 delivery increased retina SIRT1 and transduced neural and endothelial cells, thus reversing functional damage and improving overall visual function. Translational Relevance AAV2-SIRT1 gene therapy represents a beneficial approach for the treatment of chronic retinal conditions such as DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Adu-Agyeiwaah
- Department of Vision Science, School of Optometry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Cristiano P. Vieira
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Bright Asare-Bediako
- Department of Vision Science, School of Optometry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sergio Li Calzi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mariana DuPont
- Department of Vision Science, School of Optometry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jason Floyd
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sanford Boye
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Vince Chiodo
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Julia V. Busik
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Maria B. Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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25
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Potential of Capric Acid in Neurological Disorders: An Overview. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:697-712. [PMID: 36342577 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03809-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To solve the restrictions of a classical ketogenic diet, a modified medium-chain triglyceride diet was introduced which required only around 60% of dietary energy. Capric acid (CA), a small molecule, is one of the main components because its metabolic profile offers itself as an alternate source of energy to the brain in the form of ketone bodies. This is possible with the combined capability of CA to cross the blood-brain barrier and achieve a concentration of 50% concentration in the brain more than any other fatty acid in plasma. Natural sources of CA include vegetable oils such as palm oil and coconut oil, mammalian milk and some seeds. Several studies have shown that CA has varied action on targets that include AMPA receptors, PPAR-γ, inflammatory/oxidative stress pathways and gut dysbiosis. Based on these lines of evidence, CA has proved to be effective in the amelioration of neurological diseases such as epilepsy, affective disorders and Alzheimer's disease. But these studies still warrant more pre-clinical and clinical studies that would further prove its efficacy. Hence, to understand the potential of CA in brain disease and associated comorbid conditions, an advance and rigorous molecular mechanistic study, apart from the reported in-vitro/in-vivo studies, is urgently required for the development of this compound through clinical setups.
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26
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Nie K, Gao Y, Chen S, Wang Z, Wang H, Tang Y, Su H, Lu F, Dong H, Fang K. Diosgenin attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes through regulating SIRT6-related fatty acid uptake. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 111:154661. [PMID: 36682299 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 70% of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) concomitantly suffer from Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and the coexistence and interaction of them increases the intractability of NAFLD. With the protective effect against hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis, SIRT6 is becoming a notable target of NAFLD. Diosgenin, an active monomer from Chinese herbs, has been reported to protect against NAFLD. PURPOSE This study aims to figure out the mechanism how diosgenin alleviate NAFLD in T2DM and the relationship with SIRT6. METHODS In vivo studies used spontaneous diabetic db/db mice and divided them into two parts. The first part included four groups consisting of control (Con) group, model (Mod) group, low dose of diosgenin (DL) group and high dose of diosgenin (DH) group. The second part included four groups consisting of Con group, Mod group, DH+OSS (OSS_128167, inhibitor of SIRT6) group, MDL (MDL800, agonist of SIRT6) group. HepG2 cell line was selected in study in vitro, which was mainly composed of six groups including Con group, palmitic acid (PA) group, PA+DL group, PA+DH group, PA+DH+OSS group, PA+MDL group. OGTT, Biochemical biomarker (including TG, TC, AST, ALT), inflammatory biomarker (including IL-6 and TNF-α) were measured. HE, Oil Red O, and DHE staining were conducted. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, mRNA-seq, and qPCR were used to explore the mechanism. RESULTS Results in the first part of study in vivo indicated that diosgenin protected against lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, cell injury, and light inflammatory of liver in db/db mice and regulated the expression of SIRT6 and fatty acid transporter including CD36, FATP2, FABP1. The effect of diosgenin could be reversed in DH+OSS group and the same effect was observed in MDL group in the second part of study in vivo. The same results were also noted in followed study in vitro. Diosgenin inhibited the fatty acids uptake and regulated the expression of SIRT6 and fatty acid transporter including CD36, FATP2, and FABP1 in PA-induced hepG2 cells, and which was reversed in DH+OSS group and resembled in MDL group. CONCLUSIONS Diosgenin could attenuate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes through regulating SIRT6-related fatty acid uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Nie
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Shen Chen
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hongzhan Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yueheng Tang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Fuer Lu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Ke Fang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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Metformin alleviates HFD-induced oxidative stress in hepatocyte via activating SIRT6/PGC-1α/ENDOG signaling. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1711-1730. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20220242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Metformin is accepted as a first-line drug for the therapy of Type 2 diabetes (T2D), while its mechanism is still controversial. In the present study, by taking advantage of mouse model of high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity and primary mouse hepatocytes (PMHCs) as well as human hepatocyte L02 cell line, we aimed to investigate the involvement of SIRTs during the application of metformin for the therapy of T2D. Our data evidenced that during HFD-induced obesity, there was elevation of nucleus protein acetylation. Analysis of liver tissue showed that among all SIRT members, SIRT6 expression was significantly down-regulated during HFD feeding, which was sustained to regular level with metformin administration. Our result also showed that SIRT6 suppressed intracellular oxidative stress upon FAs stimulation in PMHCs and L02 cells. Mechanistically, SIRT6, but not SIRT1 promoted PGC-1α expression. We further prove that ENDOG is downstream of PGC-1α. In addition, we evidenced that ENDOG protects hepatocytes from lipid-induced oxidative stress, and down-regulation of Endog blunted the protective role of metformin in defending against FAs-induced oxidative stress. Our study established a novel mechanism of metformin in counteracting lipid-induced hepatic injury via activating SIRT6/PGC-1α/ENDOG signaling, thus providing novel targets of metformin in the therapy of T2D.
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28
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Abbotto E, Scarano N, Piacente F, Millo E, Cichero E, Bruzzone S. Virtual Screening in the Identification of Sirtuins’ Activity Modulators. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175641. [PMID: 36080416 PMCID: PMC9457788 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent deac(et)ylases with different subcellular localization. The sirtuins’ family is composed of seven members, named SIRT-1 to SIRT-7. Their substrates include histones and also an increasing number of different proteins. Sirtuins regulate a wide range of different processes, ranging from transcription to metabolism to genome stability. Thus, their dysregulation has been related to the pathogenesis of different diseases. In this review, we discussed the pharmacological approaches based on sirtuins’ modulators (both inhibitors and activators) that have been attempted in in vitro and/or in in vivo experimental settings, to highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting one/more specific sirtuin isoform(s) in cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and type 2 diabetes. Extensive research has already been performed to identify SIRT-1 and -2 modulators, while compounds targeting the other sirtuins have been less studied so far. Beside sections dedicated to each sirtuin, in the present review we also included sections dedicated to pan-sirtuins’ and to parasitic sirtuins’ modulators. A special focus is dedicated to the sirtuins’ modulators identified by the use of virtual screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Abbotto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Naomi Scarano
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacente
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Enrico Millo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Cichero
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence:
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29
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Moon S, Kim CH, Park J, Kim M, Jeon HS, Kim YM, Choi YK. Induction of BVR-A Expression by Korean Red Ginseng in Murine Hippocampal Astrocytes: Role of Bilirubin in Mitochondrial Function via the LKB1–SIRT1–ERRα Axis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091742. [PMID: 36139815 PMCID: PMC9496118 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of Korean red ginseng extract (KRGE) on the central nervous system (CNS) have been reported. Among the CNS cells, astrocytes possess robust antioxidative properties and regenerative potential. Under physiological conditions, biliverdin reductase A (BVR-A) converts biliverdin (a heme oxygenase metabolite) into bilirubin, a major natural and potent antioxidant. We found that KRGE enhanced BVR-A in astrocytes in the fimbria region of the adult mouse hippocampus under physiological conditions. KRGE-induced BVR-A expression and subsequent bilirubin production were required for changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial mass, and oxidative phosphorylation through liver kinase B1 (LKB1), estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), and sirtuin (SIRT1 and SIRT5) in astrocytes. However, BVR-A did not affect the KRGE-induced expression of AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα). The KRGE-stimulated BVR-A–LKB1–SIRT1–ERRα pathway regulates the levels of mitochondria-localized proteins such as SIRT5, translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane 20 (Tom20), Tom22, cytochrome c (Cyt c), and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). Increased Tom20 expression in astrocytes of the hippocampal fimbria region was observed in KRGE-treated mice. KRGE-induced expression of Cyt c and SOD2 was associated with the Tom20/Tom22 complex. Taken together, KRGE-induced bilirubin production is required for enhanced astrocytic mitochondrial function in an LKB1-dependent and AMPKα-independent manner under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhong Moon
- Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jinhong Park
- Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Minsu Kim
- Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Hui Su Jeon
- Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Choi
- Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-450-0558
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30
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Watroba M, Szukiewicz D. Sirtuins promote brain homeostasis, preventing Alzheimer’s disease through targeting neuroinflammation. Front Physiol 2022; 13:962769. [PMID: 36045741 PMCID: PMC9420839 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.962769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Both basic pathomechanisms underlying Alzheimer’s disease and some premises for stipulating a possible preventive role of some sirtuins, especially SIRT1 and SIRT3, protective against Alzheimer’s disease-related pathology, are discussed in this article. Sirtuins can inhibit some processes that underlie Alzheimer’s disease-related molecular pathology (e.g., neuroinflammation, neuroinflammation-related oxidative stress, Aβ aggregate deposition, and neurofibrillary tangle formation), thus preventing many of those pathologic alterations at relatively early stages of their development. Subsequently, the authors discuss in details which mechanisms of sirtuin action may prevent the development of Alzheimer’s disease, thus promoting brain homeostasis in the course of aging. In addition, a rationale for boosting sirtuin activity, both with allosteric activators and with NAD+ precursors, has been presented.
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31
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Huynh AT, Nguyen TTN, Villegas CA, Montemorso S, Strauss B, Pearson RA, Graham JG, Oribello J, Suresh R, Lustig B, Wang N. Prediction and confirmation of a switch-like region within the N-terminal domain of hSIRT1. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 30:101275. [PMID: 35592613 PMCID: PMC9112024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Many proteins display conformational changes resulting from allosteric regulation. Often only a few residues are crucial in conveying these structural and functional allosteric changes. These regions that undergo a significant change in structure upon receiving an input signal, such as molecular recognition, are defined as switch-like regions. Identifying these key residues within switch-like regions can help elucidate the mechanism of allosteric regulation and provide guidance for synthetic regulation. In this study, we combine a novel computational workflow with biochemical methods to identify a switch-like region in the N-terminal domain of human SIRT1 (hSIRT1), a lysine deacetylase that plays important roles in regulating cellular pathways. Based on primary sequence, computational methods predicted a region between residues 186-193 in hSIRT1 to exhibit switch-like behavior. Mutations were then introduced in this region and the resulting mutants were tested for allosteric reactions to resveratrol, a known hSIRT1 allosteric regulator. After fine-tuning the mutations based on comparison of known secondary structures, we were able to pinpoint M193 as the residue essential for allosteric regulation, likely by communicating the allosteric signal. Mutation of this residue maintained enzyme activity but abolished allosteric regulation by resveratrol. Our findings suggest a method to predict switch-like regions in allosterically regulated enzymes based on the primary sequence. If further validated, this could be an efficient way to identify key residues in enzymes for therapeutic drug targeting and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina T. Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, San José, California, 95192, USA
| | - Thi-Tina N. Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San José, California, 95192, USA
| | - Carina A. Villegas
- Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San José, California, 95192, USA
| | - Saira Montemorso
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, San José, California, 95192, USA
| | - Benjamin Strauss
- Department of Computer Science, San José State University, San José, California, 95192, USA
| | - Richard A. Pearson
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, San José, California, 95192, USA
| | - Jason G. Graham
- Department of Biomedical, Chemical, and Materials Engineering, San José State University, San José, California, 95192, USA
| | - Jonathan Oribello
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, San José, California, 95192, USA
| | - Rohit Suresh
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, San José, California, 95192, USA
| | - Brooke Lustig
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, San José, California, 95192, USA
| | - Ningkun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, San José, California, 95192, USA
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Wu S, Liu H. Sirtuins-Novel Regulators of Epigenetic Alterations in Airway Inflammation. Front Genet 2022; 13:862577. [PMID: 35620467 PMCID: PMC9127257 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.862577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone modification is an important epigenetic alteration, and histone deacetylases are involved in the occurrence and development of various respiratory diseases. Sirtuins (SIRTs) have been demonstrated to play an important role in the formation and progression of chronic inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract. SIRTs participate in the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation and are related to cell structure and cellular localization. This paper summarizes the roles and mechanisms of SIRTs in airway inflammation and describes the latest research on SIRT modulators, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the study of potential epigenetic alteration-inducing drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyu Wu
- Department of Otolaryngological, the Second Affiliated Hospital of the Naval Military Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai, China
| | - Huanhai Liu
- Department of Otolaryngological, the Second Affiliated Hospital of the Naval Military Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent protein lysine deacylase and mono-ADP ribosylases present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The sirtuin family comprises seven isoforms in mammals, each possessing different subcellular localization and biological functions. Sirtuins have received increasing attention in the past two decades given their pivotal functions in a variety of biological contexts, including cytodifferentiation, transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, inflammation, metabolism, neurological and cardiovascular physiology and cancer. Consequently, modulation of sirtuin activity has been regarded as a promising therapeutic option for many pathologies. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of sirtuin biology and pharmacology. We examine the main features of the most relevant inhibitors and activators, analyzing their structure-activity relationships, applications in biology, and therapeutic potential.
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Dardano A, Lucchesi D, Garofolo M, Gualdani E, Falcetta P, Sancho Bornez V, Francesconi P, Del Prato S, Penno G. SIRT1 rs7896005 polymorphism affects major vascular outcomes, not all-cause mortality, in Caucasians with type 2 diabetes: A 13-year observational study. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2022; 38:e3523. [PMID: 35092334 PMCID: PMC9286639 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AIMS SIRT1 exerts effects on ageing and lifespan, as well cardiovascular (CV) disease risk. SIRT1 gene is very polymorph with a few tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) so far identified. Some SNPs, including rs7896005, were associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We aimed to ascertain whether this SNP may be associated with CV disease at baseline as well with these same outcomes and all-cause mortality over a 13-year follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genotypes of SIRT1 gene were determined using TaqMan SNP assay. RESULTS Out of 905 T2DM, 9.1% had the AA genotype, 43.2% the AG, and 47.7% the GG. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium was met (minor allele frequency 0.306; p = 0.8899). At baseline, there was no difference across genotypes for sex, age, diabetes duration, CV risk factors, treatments, and microangiopathy. Major CV outcomes, myocardial infarction (MI), any coronary heart disease (CHD), and peripheral artery disease (PAD) were more frequent in GG than in AA/AG (p from 0.013 to 0.027), with no association with cerebrovascular events. By fully adjusted regression, GG remained independently related to major CV outcomes, MI, CHD, and PAD. Over follow-up, we recorded 258 major CV events (28.5%; AA/AG 25.2%, GG 32.2%; p = 0.014) with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of GG versus AA/AG of 1.296 (95% CI 1.007-1.668, p = 0.044); 169 coronary events (18.7%; AA/AG 15.4%, GG 22.2%; p = 0.006) with HR 1.522 (1.113-2.080, p = 0.008); 79 (8.7%) hospitalisation for heart failure (AA/AG 7.0%, GG 10.6%; p = 0.045) and HR 1.457 (0.919-2.309, p = 0.109); 36 PAD (4.0%; AA/AG 2.3%, GG 5.8%; p = 0.007) with HR 2.225 (1.057-4.684, p = 0.035). No association was found with cerebrovascular events, end stage renal disease, and all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS The rs7896005 SNP of SIRT1 might play a role in cardiovascular disease, mainly CHD risk in T2DM. Results call for larger association studies as well as studies to ascertain mechanisms by which this variant confers increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Dardano
- Section of Diabetes and Metabolic DiseaseDepartment of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria PisanaPisaItaly
| | - Daniela Lucchesi
- Section of Diabetes and Metabolic DiseaseDepartment of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria PisanaPisaItaly
| | - Monia Garofolo
- Section of Diabetes and Metabolic DiseaseDepartment of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria PisanaPisaItaly
| | - Elisa Gualdani
- Epidemiology UnitRegional Health Agency (ARS) of TuscanyFlorenceItaly
| | - Pierpaolo Falcetta
- Section of Diabetes and Metabolic DiseaseDepartment of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria PisanaPisaItaly
| | - Veronica Sancho Bornez
- Section of Diabetes and Metabolic DiseaseDepartment of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria PisanaPisaItaly
| | - Paolo Francesconi
- Epidemiology UnitRegional Health Agency (ARS) of TuscanyFlorenceItaly
| | - Stefano Del Prato
- Section of Diabetes and Metabolic DiseaseDepartment of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria PisanaPisaItaly
| | - Giuseppe Penno
- Section of Diabetes and Metabolic DiseaseDepartment of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria PisanaPisaItaly
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Secomandi L, Borghesan M, Velarde M, Demaria M. The role of cellular senescence in female reproductive aging and the potential for senotherapeutic interventions. Hum Reprod Update 2022; 28:172-189. [PMID: 34918084 PMCID: PMC8888999 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced maternal age is associated with decreased oocyte quantity and quality as well as uterine and placental dysfunctions. These changes lead to infertility, pregnancy complications and birth defects in the offspring. As the mean age of giving birth is increasing worldwide, prevention of age-associated infertility and pregnancy complications, along with the more frequent use of ART, become extremely important. Currently, significant research is being conducted to unravel the mechanisms underlying female reproductive aging. Among the potential mechanisms involved, recent evidence has suggested a contributing role for cellular senescence, a cellular state of irreversible growth arrest characterized by a hypersecretory and pro-inflammatory phenotype. Elucidating the role of senescence in female reproductive aging holds the potential for developing novel and less invasive therapeutic measures to prevent or even reverse female reproductive aging and increase offspring wellbeing. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The review will summarize the positive and negative implications of cellular senescence in the pathophysiology of the female reproductive organs during aging and critically explore the use of novel senotherapeutics aiming to reverse and/or eliminate their detrimental effects. The focus will be on major senescence mechanisms of the ovaries, the uterus, and the placenta, as well as the potential and risks of using senotherapies that have been discovered in recent years. SEARCH METHODS Data for this review were identified by searches of MEDLINE, PubMed and Google Scholar. References from relevant articles using the search terms 'Cellular Senescence', 'Aging', 'Gestational age', 'Maternal Age', 'Anti-aging', 'Uterus', 'Pregnancy', 'Fertility', 'Infertility', 'Reproduction', 'Implant', 'Senolytic', 'Senostatic', 'Senotherapy' and 'Senotherapeutic' where selected. A total of 182 articles published in English between 2005 and 2020 were included, 27 of which focus on potential senotherapies for reproductive aging. Exclusion criteria were inclusion of the terms 'male' and 'plants'. OUTCOMES Aging is a major determinant of reproductive wellbeing. Cellular senescence is a basic aging mechanism, which can be exploited for therapeutic interventions. Within the last decade, several new strategies for the development and repurposing of drugs targeting senescent cells have emerged, such as modulators of the anti-inflammatory response, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and mitochondria and protein dysfunctions. Several studies of female reproductive aging and senotherapies have been discussed that show promising results for future interventions. WIDER IMPLICATIONS In most countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, the average age at which women give birth is above 30 years. Currently, in countries such as the Netherlands, Australia, Spain, Finland, Germany and the UK, birth rates among 30- to 34-year-olds are now higher than in any other age groups. This review will provide new knowledge and scientific advancement on the senescence mechanisms during female reproductive aging, and benefit fundamental and clinical scientists and professionals in the areas of reproduction, cancer, immunobiology and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Secomandi
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michela Borghesan
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Velarde
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, PH 1101, Philippines
| | - Marco Demaria
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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Modulation of SIRT6 activity acts as an emerging therapeutic implication for pathological disorders in the skeletal system. Genes Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Li J, Zheng S, Cheng T, Li Y, Mai X, Jiang G, Yang Y, Zhang Q, Li J, Zheng L, Wang L, Qi C. Decylubiquinone Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Growth Through Upregulating Sirtuin2. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:804265. [PMID: 35177983 PMCID: PMC8844026 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.804265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Decylubiquinone (DUb), a coenzyme Q10 analog, was reported to inhibit breast cancer growth and metastasis by us. However, the influence of DUb on CRC remains unclear. Herein, we found that DUb significantly inhibited CRC growth in the patient-derived xenograft (PDX) and CT26 xenograft models. DUb was further identified to significantly suppress CRC cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner, while not inhibiting CRC cell apoptosis from flow cytometry assay. Sirtuin2 (SIRT2), a member of the sirtuin protein family, plays a critical role in growth and metastasis in various cancers. Moreover, DUb inhibited CRC progression by upregulating SIRT2. These findings reveal that DUb has the potential to a novel drug for the treatment of CRC by inhibiting CRC cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlian Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuting Zheng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Cheng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobin Mai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangchun Jiang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongxia Yang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangchao Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingyun Zheng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijing Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiling Qi
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Hayashi Y, Matsui Y. Metabolic Control of Germline Formation and Differentiation in Mammals. Sex Dev 2022:1-16. [PMID: 35086109 PMCID: PMC10389803 DOI: 10.1159/000520662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The germ cell lineage involves dynamic epigenetic changes during its formation and differentiation that are completely different from those of the somatic cell lineage. Metabolites and metabolic pathways have been reported as key factors related to the regulation of epigenetics as cofactors and substrates. However, our knowledge about the metabolic characteristics of germ cells, especially during the fetal stage, and their transition during differentiation is quite limited due to the rarity of the cells. Nevertheless, recent developments in omics technologies have made it possible to extract comprehensive metabolomic features of germ cells. SUMMARY In this review, we present the latest researches on the metabolic properties of germ cells in 4 stages: primordial germ cell specification, fetal germ cell differentiation, spermatogenesis, and oogenesis. At every stage, extensive published data has been accumulated on energy metabolism, and it is possible to describe its changes during germ cell differentiation in detail. As pluripotent stem cells differentiate into germ cells, energy metabolism shifts from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation; however, in spermatogenesis, glycolytic pathways are also temporarily dominant in spermatogonial stem cells. Although the significance of metabolic pathways other than energy metabolism in germ cell differentiation is largely unknown, the relation of the pentose phosphate pathway and Ser-Gly-one-carbon metabolism with germ cell properties has been suggested at various stages. We further discuss the relationship between these characteristic metabolic pathways and epigenetic regulation during germ cell specification and differentiation. Finally, the relevance of dietary and supplemental interventions on germ cell function and epigenomic regulation is also discussed. Key Messages: Comprehensive elucidation of metabolic features and metabolism-epigenome crosstalk in germ cells is important to reveal how the characteristic metabolic pathways are involved in the germ cell regulation. The accumulation of such insights would lead to suggestions for optimal diets and supplements to maintain reproductive health through modulating metabolic and epigenetic status of germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Hayashi
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Matsui
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Banerjee P, Olmsted-Davis EA, Deswal A, Nguyen MTH, Koutroumpakis E, Palaskas NL, Lin SH, Kotla S, Reyes-Gibby C, Yeung SCJ, Yusuf SW, Yoshimoto M, Kobayashi M, Yu B, Schadler K, Herrmann J, Cooke JP, Jain A, Chini E, Le NT, Abe JI. Cancer treatment-induced NAD+ depletion in premature senescence and late cardiovascular complications. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR AGING 2022; 2:28. [PMID: 35801078 PMCID: PMC9258520 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2022.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have revealed the critical role of premature senescence induced by various cancer treatment modalities in the pathogenesis of aging-related diseases. Senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) can be induced by telomere dysfunction. Telomeric DNA damage response induced by some cancer treatments can persist for months, possibly accounting for long-term sequelae of cancer treatments. Telomeric DNA damage-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and increased reactive oxygen species production are hallmarks of premature senescence. Recently, we reported that the nucleus-mitochondria positive feedback loop formed by p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (p90RSK) and phosphorylation of S496 on ERK5 (a unique member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family that is not only a kinase but also a transcriptional co-activator) were vital signaling events that played crucial roles in linking mitochondrial dysfunction, nuclear telomere dysfunction, persistent SASP induction, and atherosclerosis. In this review, we will discuss the role of NAD+ depletion in instigating SASP and its downstream signaling and regulatory mechanisms that lead to the premature onset of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Banerjee
- Academic Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Olmsted-Davis
- Academic Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anita Deswal
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Minh TH. Nguyen
- Academic Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 122100, Vietnam
| | - Efstratios Koutroumpakis
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nicholas L. Palaskas
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Steven H. Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cielito Reyes-Gibby
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sai-Ching J. Yeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Syed Wamique Yusuf
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Momoko Yoshimoto
- Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center of Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michihiro Kobayashi
- Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center of Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center of Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Keri Schadler
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joerg Herrmann
- Cardio Oncology Clinic, Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - John P. Cooke
- Academic Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Abhishek Jain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Eduardo Chini
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Academic Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jun-Ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Mondal P, Tiwary N, Sengupta A, Dhang S, Roy S, Das C. Epigenetic Reprogramming of the Glucose Metabolic Pathways by the Chromatin Effectors During Cancer. Subcell Biochem 2022; 100:269-336. [PMID: 36301498 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-07634-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glucose metabolism plays a vital role in regulating cellular homeostasis as it acts as the central axis for energy metabolism, alteration in which may lead to serious consequences like metabolic disorders to life-threatening diseases like cancer. Malignant cells, on the other hand, help in tumor progression through abrupt cell proliferation by adapting to the changed metabolic milieu. Metabolic intermediates also vary from normal cells to cancerous ones to help the tumor manifestation. However, metabolic reprogramming is an important phenomenon of cells through which they try to maintain the balance between normal and carcinogenic outcomes. In this process, transcription factors and chromatin modifiers play an essential role to modify the chromatin landscape of important genes related directly or indirectly to metabolism. Our chapter surmises the importance of glucose metabolism and the role of metabolic intermediates in the cell. Also, we summarize the influence of histone effectors in reprogramming the cancer cell metabolism. An interesting aspect of this chapter includes the detailed methods to detect the aberrant metabolic flux, which can be instrumental for the therapeutic regimen of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payel Mondal
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Niharika Tiwary
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
| | - Amrita Sengupta
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
| | - Sinjini Dhang
- Structural Biology & Bio-Informatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Siddhartha Roy
- Structural Biology & Bio-Informatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Chandrima Das
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India.
- Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai, India.
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Mishra P, Beura S, Ghosh R, Modak R. Nutritional Epigenetics: How Metabolism Epigenetically Controls Cellular Physiology, Gene Expression and Disease. Subcell Biochem 2022; 100:239-267. [PMID: 36301497 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-07634-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of gene expression is a dynamic process that is influenced by both internal and external factors. Alteration in the epigenetic profile is a key mechanism in the regulation process. Epigenetic regulators, such as enzymes and proteins involved in posttranslational modification (PTM), use different cofactors and substrates derived from dietary sources. For example, glucose metabolism provides acetyl CoA, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), α- ketoglutarate, uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucose, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), and fatty acid desaturase (FAD), which are utilized by chromatin-modifying enzymes in many intermediary metabolic pathways. Any alteration in the metabolic status of the cell results in the alteration of these metabolites, which causes dysregulation in the activity of chromatin regulators, resulting in the alteration of the epigenetic profile. Such long-term or repeated alteration of epigenetic profile can lead to several diseases, like cancer, insulin resistance and diabetes, cognitive impairment, neurodegenerative disease, and metabolic syndromes. Here we discuss the functions of key nutrients that contribute to epigenetic regulation and their role in pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragyan Mishra
- Infection and Epigenetics Group, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Shibangini Beura
- Infection and Epigenetics Group, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ritu Ghosh
- Infection and Epigenetics Group, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rahul Modak
- Infection and Epigenetics Group, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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Kalous KS, Wynia-Smith SL, Smith BC. Sirtuin Oxidative Post-translational Modifications. Front Physiol 2021; 12:763417. [PMID: 34899389 PMCID: PMC8652059 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.763417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased sirtuin deacylase activity is correlated with increased lifespan and healthspan in eukaryotes. Conversely, decreased sirtuin deacylase activity is correlated with increased susceptibility to aging-related diseases. However, the mechanisms leading to decreased sirtuin activity during aging are poorly understood. Recent work has shown that oxidative post-translational modification by reactive oxygen (ROS) or nitrogen (RNS) species results in inhibition of sirtuin deacylase activity through cysteine nitrosation, glutathionylation, sulfenylation, and sulfhydration as well as tyrosine nitration. The prevalence of ROS/RNS (e.g., nitric oxide, S-nitrosoglutathione, hydrogen peroxide, oxidized glutathione, and peroxynitrite) is increased during inflammation and as a result of electron transport chain dysfunction. With age, cellular production of ROS/RNS increases; thus, cellular oxidants may serve as a causal link between loss of sirtuin activity and aging-related disease development. Therefore, the prevention of inhibitory oxidative modification may represent a novel means to increase sirtuin activity during aging. In this review, we explore the role of cellular oxidants in inhibiting individual sirtuin human isoform deacylase activity and clarify the relevance of ROS/RNS as regulatory molecules of sirtuin deacylase activity in the context of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey S Kalous
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Sarah L Wynia-Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Brian C Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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Graf LG, Vogt R, Blasl AT, Qin C, Schulze S, Zühlke D, Sievers S, Lammers M. Assays to Study Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Protein Lysine Acetylation In Vitro. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e277. [PMID: 34748287 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Proteins can be lysine-acetylated both enzymatically, by lysine acetyltransferases (KATs), and non-enzymatically, by acetyl-CoA and/or acetyl-phosphate. Such modification can be reversed by lysine deacetylases classified as NAD+ -dependent sirtuins or by classical Zn2+ -dependent deacetylases (KDACs). The regulation of protein lysine acetylation events by KATs and sirtuins/KDACs, or by non-enzymatic processes, is often assessed only indirectly by mass spectrometry or by mutational studies in cells. Mutational approaches to study lysine acetylation are limited, as these often poorly mimic lysine acetylation. Here, we describe protocols to assess the direct regulation of protein lysine acetylation by both sirtuins/KDACs and KATs, as well as non-enzymatically. We first describe a protocol for the production of site-specific lysine-acetylated proteins using a synthetic biological approach, the genetic code expansion concept (GCEC). These natively folded, lysine-acetylated proteins can then be used as direct substrates for sirtuins and KDACs. This approach addresses various limitations encountered with other methods. First, results from sirtuin/KDAC-catalyzed deacetylation assays obtained using acetylated peptides as substrates can vary considerably compared to experiments using natively folded substrate proteins. In addition, producing lysine-acetylated proteins for deacetylation assays by using recombinantly expressed KATs is difficult, as these often do not yield proteins that are homogeneously and quantitatively lysine acetylated. Moreover, KATs are often huge multi-domain proteins, which are difficult to recombinantly express and purify in soluble form. We also describe protocols to study the direct regulation of protein lysine acetylation, both enzymatically, by sirtuins/KDACs and KATs, and non-enzymatically, by acetyl-CoA and/or acetyl-phosphate. The latter protocol also includes a section that explains how specific lysine acetylation sites can be detected by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The protocols described here can be useful for providing a more detailed understanding of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic regulation of lysine acetylation sites, an important aspect to judge their physiological significance. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of N-(ε)-lysine-acetylated proteins using the genetic code expansion concept (GCEC) Basic Protocol 2: In vitro sirtuin (SIRT)-catalyzed deacetylation of lysine-acetylated proteins prepared by the GCEC Basic Protocol 3: In vitro KDAC/HDAC-catalyzed deacetylation of lysine-acetylated proteins Basic Protocol 4: In vitro lysine acetylation of recombinantly expressed proteins by lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) Basic Protocol 5: In vitro non-enzymatic lysine acetylation of proteins by acetyl-CoA and/or acetyl-phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie G Graf
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Institute for Biochemistry, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert Vogt
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Institute for Biochemistry, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anna-Theresa Blasl
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Institute for Biochemistry, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Chuan Qin
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Institute for Biochemistry, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schulze
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Institute for Biochemistry, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daniela Zühlke
- Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Greifswald, Institute of Microbiology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Susanne Sievers
- Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Greifswald, Institute of Microbiology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Lammers
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Institute for Biochemistry, Greifswald, Germany
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Lammers M. Post-translational Lysine Ac(et)ylation in Bacteria: A Biochemical, Structural, and Synthetic Biological Perspective. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:757179. [PMID: 34721364 PMCID: PMC8556138 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.757179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ac(et)ylation is a post-translational modification present in all domains of life. First identified in mammals in histones to regulate RNA synthesis, today it is known that is regulates fundamental cellular processes also in bacteria: transcription, translation, metabolism, cell motility. Ac(et)ylation can occur at the ε-amino group of lysine side chains or at the α-amino group of a protein. Furthermore small molecules such as polyamines and antibiotics can be acetylated and deacetylated enzymatically at amino groups. While much research focused on N-(ε)-ac(et)ylation of lysine side chains, much less is known about the occurrence, the regulation and the physiological roles on N-(α)-ac(et)ylation of protein amino termini in bacteria. Lysine ac(et)ylation was shown to affect protein function by various mechanisms ranging from quenching of the positive charge, increasing the lysine side chains’ size affecting the protein surface complementarity, increasing the hydrophobicity and by interfering with other post-translational modifications. While N-(ε)-lysine ac(et)ylation was shown to be reversible, dynamically regulated by lysine acetyltransferases and lysine deacetylases, for N-(α)-ac(et)ylation only N-terminal acetyltransferases were identified and so far no deacetylases were discovered neither in bacteria nor in mammals. To this end, N-terminal ac(et)ylation is regarded as being irreversible. Besides enzymatic ac(et)ylation, recent data showed that ac(et)ylation of lysine side chains and of the proteins N-termini can also occur non-enzymatically by the high-energy molecules acetyl-coenzyme A and acetyl-phosphate. Acetyl-phosphate is supposed to be the key molecule that drives non-enzymatic ac(et)ylation in bacteria. Non-enzymatic ac(et)ylation can occur site-specifically with both, the protein primary sequence and the three dimensional structure affecting its efficiency. Ac(et)ylation is tightly controlled by the cellular metabolic state as acetyltransferases use ac(et)yl-CoA as donor molecule for the ac(et)ylation and sirtuin deacetylases use NAD+ as co-substrate for the deac(et)ylation. Moreover, the accumulation of ac(et)yl-CoA and acetyl-phosphate is dependent on the cellular metabolic state. This constitutes a feedback control mechanism as activities of many metabolic enzymes were shown to be regulated by lysine ac(et)ylation. Our knowledge on lysine ac(et)ylation significantly increased in the last decade predominantly due to the huge methodological advances that were made in fields such as mass-spectrometry, structural biology and synthetic biology. This also includes the identification of additional acylations occurring on lysine side chains with supposedly different regulatory potential. This review highlights recent advances in the research field. Our knowledge on enzymatic regulation of lysine ac(et)ylation will be summarized with a special focus on structural and mechanistic characterization of the enzymes, the mechanisms underlying non-enzymatic/chemical ac(et)ylation are explained, recent technological progress in the field are presented and selected examples highlighting the important physiological roles of lysine ac(et)ylation are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lammers
- Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Hong JY, Lin H. Sirtuin Modulators in Cellular and Animal Models of Human Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:735044. [PMID: 34650436 PMCID: PMC8505532 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.735044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins use NAD+ to remove various acyl groups from protein lysine residues. Through working on different substrate proteins, they display many biological functions, including regulation of cell proliferation, genome stability, metabolism, and cell migration. There are seven sirtuins in humans, SIRT1-7, each with unique enzymatic activities, regulatory mechanisms, subcellular localizations, and substrate scopes. They have been indicated in many human diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, microbial infection, metabolic and autoimmune diseases. Consequently, interests in development of sirtuin modulators have increased in the past decade. In this brief review, we specifically summarize genetic and pharmacological modulations of sirtuins in cancer, neurological, and cardiovascular diseases. We further anticipate this review will be helpful for scrutinizing the significance of sirtuins in the studied diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Hening Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Taneja A, Ravi V, Hong JY, Lin H, Sundaresan NR. Emerging roles of Sirtuin 2 in cardiovascular diseases. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21841. [PMID: 34582046 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100490r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are a family of NAD+ -dependent deacetylases implicated in a wide variety of age-associated pathologies, including cardiovascular disorders. Among the seven mammalian sirtuins, SIRT2 modulates various cellular processes through the deacetylation or deacylation of their target proteins. Notably, the levels of SIRT2 in the heart decline with age and other pathological conditions, leading to cardiovascular dysfunction. In the present review, we discuss the emerging roles of SIRT2 in cardiovascular dysfunction and heart failure associated with factors like age, hypertension, oxidative stress, and diabetes. We also discuss the potential of using inhibitors to study the unexplored role of SIRT2 in the heart. While SIRT2 undoubtedly plays a crucial role in the cardiovascular system, its functions are only beginning to be understood, making it an attractive candidate for further research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arushi Taneja
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Laboratory, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Venkatraman Ravi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Laboratory, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Jun Young Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Hening Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Nagalingam Ravi Sundaresan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Laboratory, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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Fernando KKM, Wijayasinghe YS. Sirtuins as Potential Therapeutic Targets for Mitigating Neuroinflammation Associated With Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:746631. [PMID: 34630044 PMCID: PMC8492950 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.746631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, which is associated with memory deficit and global cognitive decline. Age is the greatest risk factor for AD and, in recent years, it is becoming increasingly appreciated that aging-related neuroinflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of AD. The presence of β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are the primary pathological hallmarks of AD; defects which can then activate a cascade of molecular inflammatory pathways in glial cells. Microglia, the resident macrophages in the central nervous system (CNS), are the major triggers of inflammation; a response which is typically intended to prevent further damage to the CNS. However, persistent microglial activation (i.e., neuroinflammation) is toxic to both neurons and glia, which then leads to neurodegeneration. Growing evidence supports a central role for sirtuins in the regulation of neuroinflammation. Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases that modulate a number of cellular processes associated with inflammation. This review examines the latest findings regarding AD-associated neuroinflammation, mainly focusing on the connections among the microglial molecular pathways of inflammation. Furthermore, we highlight the biology of sirtuins, and their role in neuroinflammation. Suppression of microglial activity through modulation of the sirtuin activity has now become a key area of research, where progress in therapeutic interventions may slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
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Najafi M, Nikpayam O, Tavakoli-Rouzbehani OM, Papi S, Amrollahi Bioky A, Ahmadiani ES, Sohrab G. A comprehensive insight into the potential effects of resveratrol supplementation on SIRT-1: A systematic review. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:102224. [PMID: 34403949 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) involved in histone stability, transcriptional activity, and translocation. This systematic review aimed to summarize the effects of Resveratrol on Sirt1 expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic databases including Scopus, Medline and web of knowledge were searched up to March 2020. RESULTS Out of 801 studies identified in our search finally 12 articles included. Totally six studies evaluated the effects of resveratrol on SIRT1 gene expression, and six articles investigate protein expression. CONCLUSION The results of the included studies showed that resveratrol supplementation had beneficial effects on protein and gene expression of SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziyeh Najafi
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Omid Nikpayam
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Omid Mohammad Tavakoli-Rouzbehani
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahab Papi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Atefeh Amrollahi Bioky
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Sadat Ahmadiani
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golbon Sohrab
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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SIRT7 Acts as a Guardian of Cellular Integrity by Controlling Nucleolar and Extra-Nucleolar Functions. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091361. [PMID: 34573343 PMCID: PMC8467518 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are key players for maintaining cellular homeostasis and are often deregulated in different human diseases. SIRT7 is the only member of mammalian sirtuins that principally resides in the nucleolus, a nuclear compartment involved in ribosomal biogenesis, senescence, and cellular stress responses. The ablation of SIRT7 induces global genomic instability, premature ageing, metabolic dysfunctions, and reduced stress tolerance, highlighting its critical role in counteracting ageing-associated processes. In this review, we describe the molecular mechanisms employed by SIRT7 to ensure cellular and organismal integrity with particular emphasis on SIRT7-dependent regulation of nucleolar functions.
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Blasl AT, Schulze S, Qin C, Graf LG, Vogt R, Lammers M. Post-translational lysine ac(et)ylation in health, ageing and disease. Biol Chem 2021; 403:151-194. [PMID: 34433238 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The acetylation/acylation (ac(et)ylation) of lysine side chains is a dynamic post-translational modification (PTM) regulating fundamental cellular processes with implications on the organisms' ageing process: metabolism, transcription, translation, cell proliferation, regulation of the cytoskeleton and DNA damage repair. First identified to occur on histones, later studies revealed the presence of lysine ac(et)ylation in organisms of all kingdoms of life, in proteins covering all essential cellular processes. A remarkable finding showed that the NAD+-dependent sirtuin deacetylase Sir2 has an impact on replicative lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggesting that lysine acetylation has a direct role in the ageing process. Later studies identified sirtuins as mediators for beneficial effects of caloric/dietary restriction on the organisms' health- or lifespan. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are only incompletely understood. Progress in mass-spectrometry, structural biology, synthetic and semi-synthetic biology deepened our understanding of this PTM. This review summarizes recent developments in the research field. It shows how lysine ac(et)ylation regulates protein function, how it is regulated enzymatically and non-enzymatically, how a dysfunction in this post-translational machinery contributes to disease development. A focus is set on sirtuins and lysine acyltransferases as these are direct sensors and mediators of the cellular metabolic state. Finally, this review highlights technological advances to study lysine ac(et)ylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Theresa Blasl
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schulze
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487Greifswald, Germany
| | - Chuan Qin
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487Greifswald, Germany
| | - Leonie G Graf
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert Vogt
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Lammers
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487Greifswald, Germany
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