1
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Neutrophils lacking ERM proteins polarize and crawl directionally but have decreased adhesion strength. Blood Adv 2021; 4:3559-3571. [PMID: 32761234 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) proteins are adaptors that link the actin cytoskeleton to the cytoplasmic domains of membrane proteins. Leukocytes express mostly moesin with lower levels of ezrin but no radixin. When leukocytes are activated, ERMs are postulated to redistribute membrane proteins from microvilli into uropods during polarization and to transduce signals that influence adhesion and other responses. However, these functions have not been tested in leukocytes lacking all ERMs. We used knockout (KO) mice with neutrophils lacking ezrin, moesin, or both proteins (double knockout [DKO]) to probe how ERMs modulate cell shape, adhesion, and signaling in vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly, chemokine-stimulated DKO neutrophils still polarized and redistributed ERM-binding proteins such as PSGL-1 and CD44 to the uropods. Selectin binding to PSGL-1 on moesin KO or DKO neutrophils activated kinases that enable integrin-dependent slow rolling but not those that generate neutrophil extracellular traps. Flowing neutrophils of all genotypes rolled normally on selectins and, upon chemokine stimulation, arrested on integrin ligands. However, moesin KO and DKO neutrophils exhibited defective integrin outside-in signaling and reduced adhesion strength. In vivo, DKO neutrophils displayed normal directional crawling toward a chemotactic gradient, but premature detachment markedly reduced migration from venules into inflamed tissues. Our results demonstrate that stimulated neutrophils do not require ERMs to polarize or to move membrane proteins into uropods. They also reveal an unexpected contribution of moesin to integrin outside-in signaling and adhesion strengthening.
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2
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Uhl B, Braun C, Dominik J, Luft J, Canis M, Reichel CA. A Novel Experimental Approach for In Vivo Analyses of the Salivary Gland Microvasculature. Front Immunol 2021; 11:604470. [PMID: 33679695 PMCID: PMC7925411 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.604470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular dysfunction plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of salivary gland disorders. Restoring and preserving microvascular integrity might therefore represent a promising strategy for the treatment of these pathologies. The mechanisms underlying microvascular dysfunction in salivary glands, however, are still obscure, partly due to the unavailability of adequate in vivo models. Here, we present a novel experimental approach that allows comprehensive in vivo analyses of the salivary gland microvasculature in mice. For this purpose, we employed different microscopy techniques including multi-photon in vivo microscopy to quantitatively analyze interactions of distinct immune cell subsets in the submandibular gland microvasculature required for their infiltration into the surrounding parenchyma and their effects on microvascular function. Confocal microscopy and multi-channel flow cytometry in tissue sections/homogenates complemented these real-time analyses by determining the molecular phenotype of the participating cells. To this end, we identified key adhesion and signaling molecules that regulate the subset- and tissue-specific trafficking of leukocytes into inflamed glands and control the associated microvascular leakage. Hence, we established an experimental approach that allows in vivo analyses of microvascular processes in healthy and diseased salivary glands. This enables us to delineate distinct pathogenetic factors as novel therapeutic targets in salivary gland diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Uhl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Walter Brendel Centre for Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Constanze Braun
- Walter Brendel Centre for Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Dominik
- Walter Brendel Centre for Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Joshua Luft
- Walter Brendel Centre for Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Canis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph A. Reichel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Walter Brendel Centre for Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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3
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Zheng Y, Li Z, Yin M, Gong X. Heme oxygenase‑1 improves the survival of ischemic skin flaps (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:235. [PMID: 33537805 PMCID: PMC7893698 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 32 (Hsp32), also known as heme oxygenase‑1 (HO‑1), is an enzyme that exists in microsomes. HO‑1 can be induced by a variety of stimuli, including heavy metals, heat shock, inflammatory stimuli, heme and its derivatives, stress, hypoxia, and biological hormones. HO‑1 is the rate‑limiting enzyme of heme catabolism, which splits heme into biliverdin, carbon monoxide (CO) and iron. The metabolites of HO‑1 have anti‑inflammatory and anti‑oxidant effects, and provide protection to the cardiovascular system and transplanted organs. This review summarizes the biological characteristics of HO‑1 and the functional significance of its products, and specifically elaborates on its protective effect on skin flaps. HO‑1 improves the survival rate of ischemic skin flaps through anti‑inflammatory, anti‑oxidant and vasodilatory effects of enzymatic reaction products. In particular, this review focuses on the role of carbon monoxide (CO), one of the primary metabolites of HO‑1, in flap survival and discusses the feasibility and existing challenges of HO‑1 in flap surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhua Zheng
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zhenlan Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Min Yin
- Department of Nephrology, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Xu Gong
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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4
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Endothelial signaling by neutrophil-released oncostatin M enhances P-selectin-dependent inflammation and thrombosis. Blood Adv 2020; 3:168-183. [PMID: 30670533 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018026294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the earliest phase of inflammation, histamine and other agonists rapidly mobilize P-selectin to the apical membranes of endothelial cells, where it initiates rolling adhesion of flowing neutrophils. Clustering of P-selectin in clathrin-coated pits facilitates rolling. Inflammatory cytokines typically signal by regulating gene transcription over a period of hours. We found that neutrophils rolling on P-selectin secreted the cytokine oncostatin M (OSM). The released OSM triggered signals through glycoprotein 130 (gp130)-containing receptors on endothelial cells that, within minutes, further clustered P-selectin and markedly enhanced its adhesive function. Antibodies to OSM or gp130, deletion of the gene encoding OSM in hematopoietic cells, or conditional deletion of the gene encoding gp130 in endothelial cells inhibited neutrophil rolling on P-selectin in trauma-stimulated venules of the mouse cremaster muscle. In a mouse model of P-selectin-dependent deep vein thrombosis, deletion of OSM in hematopoietic cells or of gp130 in endothelial cells markedly inhibited adhesion of neutrophils and monocytes and the rate and extent of thrombus formation. Our results reveal a paracrine-signaling mechanism by which neutrophil-released OSM rapidly influences endothelial cell function during physiological and pathological inflammation.
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5
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Wettschureck N, Strilic B, Offermanns S. Passing the Vascular Barrier: Endothelial Signaling Processes Controlling Extravasation. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1467-1525. [PMID: 31140373 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00037.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A central function of the vascular endothelium is to serve as a barrier between the blood and the surrounding tissue of the body. At the same time, solutes and cells have to pass the endothelium to leave or to enter the bloodstream to maintain homeostasis. Under pathological conditions, for example, inflammation, permeability for fluid and cells is largely increased in the affected area, thereby facilitating host defense. To appropriately function as a regulated permeability filter, the endothelium uses various mechanisms to allow solutes and cells to pass the endothelial layer. These include transcellular and paracellular pathways of which the latter requires remodeling of intercellular junctions for its regulation. This review provides an overview on endothelial barrier regulation and focuses on the endothelial signaling mechanisms controlling the opening and closing of paracellular pathways for solutes and cells such as leukocytes and metastasizing tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Wettschureck
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany ; and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Boris Strilic
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany ; and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany ; and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
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6
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Rolling adhesion of leukocytes on soft substrates: Does substrate stiffness matter? J Biomech 2019; 91:32-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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7
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Marki A, Buscher K, Mikulski Z, Pries A, Ley K. Rolling neutrophils form tethers and slings under physiologic conditions in vivo. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 103:67-70. [PMID: 28821572 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1ab0617-230r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Human and mouse neutrophils are known to form tethers when rolling on selectins in vitro. Tethers are ∼0.2 μm thin, ∼5-10 μm-long structures behind rolling cells that can swing around to form slings that serve as self-adhesive substrates. Here, we developed a mouse intravital imaging method, where the neutrophil surface is labeled by injecting fluorescently labeled mAb to Ly-6G. Venules in the cremaster muscle of live mice were imaged at a high frame rate using a confocal microscope equipped with a fast resonant scanner. We observed 270 tethers (median length 3.5 μm) and 31 slings (median length 6.9 µm) on 186 neutrophils of 15 mice. Out of 199 tether break events, 123 were followed by immediate acceleration of the rolling cell, which shows that tethers are load-bearing structures in vivo. In venules with a high wall shear stress (WSS; > 12 dyn/cm2 ), median rolling velocity was higher (19 μm/s), and 43% of rolling neutrophils had visible tethers. In venules with WSS < 12 dyn/cm2 , only 26% of rolling neutrophils had visible tethers. We conclude that neutrophil tethers are commonly present and stabilize rolling in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Marki
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Konrad Buscher
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Zbigniew Mikulski
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Axel Pries
- Department of Physiology, Charite Universitatsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
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8
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Wilson ZS, Ahn LB, Serratelli WS, Belley MD, Lomas-Neira J, Sen M, Lefort CT. Activated β 2 Integrins Restrict Neutrophil Recruitment during Murine Acute Pseudomonal Pneumonia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:620-627. [PMID: 28157452 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0215oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid neutrophil recruitment is critical for the efficient clearance of bacterial pathogens from the lungs. Although β2 integrins and their activation are required for neutrophil recruitment from postcapillary venules of the systemic circulation into inflamed tissues, the involvement of integrins in neutrophil recruitment in response to respiratory infection varies among bacterial pathogens. For stimuli eliciting β2 integrin-dependent neutrophil influx, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, it remains unclear whether the activation of β2 integrins is an essential step in this process. In the current study, we analyze neutrophil trafficking within the lungs of mice infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and evaluate the role of β2 integrin activation through genetic deletion of talin-1 or Kindlin-3 or by pharmacological inhibition of high-affinity β2 integrins using a small molecule allosteric antagonist. We observe that attenuation of high-affinity β2 integrins leads to an enhancement of neutrophil emigration into lung interstitium and airspaces. Neutrophil effector functions, including the production of reactive oxygen species and the phagocytosis of bacteria, are only partially dependent on high-affinity β2 integrins. These results reveal a mechanism by which activated β2 integrins limit neutrophil entry into the lung tissue and airspaces during acute pseudomonal pneumonia and suggest potential strategies for modulating neutrophil-mediated host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S Wilson
- 1 Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, and.,2 Graduate Program in Pathobiology and
| | - Lawrence B Ahn
- 1 Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, and
| | | | - Matthew D Belley
- 4 Department of Radiation Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island.,3 Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.,5 Department of Physics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island; and
| | | | - Mehmet Sen
- 6 Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Craig T Lefort
- 1 Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, and.,3 Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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9
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Uhl B, Hirn S, Immler R, Mildner K, Möckl L, Sperandio M, Bräuchle C, Reichel CA, Zeuschner D, Krombach F. The Endothelial Glycocalyx Controls Interactions of Quantum Dots with the Endothelium and Their Translocation across the Blood-Tissue Border. ACS NANO 2017; 11:1498-1508. [PMID: 28135073 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the engineering of nanoparticles (NPs), which represent particles of less than 100 nm in one external dimension, led to an increasing utilization of nanomaterials for biomedical purposes. A prerequisite for their use in diagnostic and therapeutic applications, however, is the targeted delivery to the site of injury. Interactions between blood-borne NPs and the vascular endothelium represent a critical step for nanoparticle delivery into diseased tissue. Here, we show that the endothelial glycocalyx, which constitutes a glycoprotein-polysaccharide meshwork coating the luminal surface of vessels, effectively controls interactions of carboxyl-functionalized quantum dots with the microvascular endothelium. Glycosaminoglycans of the endothelial glycocalyx were found to physically cover endothelial adhesion and signaling molecules, thereby preventing endothelial attachment, uptake, and translocation of these nanoparticles through different layers of the vessel wall. Conversely, degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx promoted interactions of these nanoparticles with microvascular endothelial cells under the pathologic condition of ischemia-reperfusion, thus identifying the injured endothelial glycocalyx as an essential element of the blood-tissue border facilitating the targeted delivery of nanomaterials to diseased tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Uhl
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hirn
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Immler
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Karina Mildner
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine , 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Leonhard Möckl
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Bräuchle
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph A Reichel
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Dagmar Zeuschner
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine , 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Fritz Krombach
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , 81377 Munich, Germany
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10
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Puegge J, Wang Y, Roller J, Zhang S, Luo L, Vollmar B, Thorlacius H. Adhesive Mechanisms of Histone-Induced Neutrophil-Endothelium Interactions in the Muscle Microcirculation. Eur Surg Res 2015; 56:19-31. [PMID: 26575178 DOI: 10.1159/000441778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular histones released during cell damage have the capacity to cause tissue injury associated with increased leukocyte accumulation. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating histone-induced leukocyte recruitment remain elusive. The objective of this study was to examine the role of adhesion molecules in histone-dependent leukocyte accumulation by use of intravital microscopy of the mouse cremaster microcirculation. METHODS Histone 3 and TNF-α were intrascrotally administered, and anti-P-selectin, anti-P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), anti-membrane-activated complex-1 (Mac-1), anti-lymphocyte function antigen-1 (LFA-1) antibody and neutrophil depletion antibody were injected intravenously or intraperitoneally. RESULTS Intrascrotal injection of histone 3 dose-dependently increased leukocyte recruitment. Neutrophil depletion abolished intravascular and extravascular leukocytes after histone 3 challenge, suggesting that neutrophils were the dominating leukocyte subtype responding to histone stimulation. Pretreatment with an anti-P-selectin and an anti-PSGL-1 antibody abolished histone-stimulated neutrophil rolling, adhesion and emigration. When the anti-P-selectin or the anti-PSGL-1 antibody was administrated after histone 3 stimulation, neutrophil rolling was reduced, whereas the number of firmly adherent and emigrated neutrophils were unchanged, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of blocking P-selectin and PSGL-1 on neutrophil adhesion and recruitment was due to the reduction in neutrophil rolling. Moreover, pretreatment with antibodies against Mac-1 and LFA-1 had no effect of neutrophil rolling but abolished adhesion and emigration evoked by histone 3. Thus, our data demonstrate that P-selectin and PSGL-1 play an important role in histone-induced inflammatory cell recruitment by mediating neutrophil rolling as a precondition for histone-provoked firm adhesion and emigration in vivo. Moreover, we conclude that both Mac-1 and LFA-1 are critical in supporting histone-provoked firm adhesion of neutrophils to endothelial cells. CONCLUSION These novel findings define specific selectins and integrins as potential targets for pharmacological intervention in histone-dependent inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Puegge
- Section of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmx00F6;, Lund University, Malmx00F6;, Sweden
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11
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Nussbaum C, Bannenberg S, Keul P, Gräler MH, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF, Korhonen H, von Wnuck Lipinski K, Heusch G, de Castro Faria Neto HC, Rohwedder I, Göthert JR, Prasad VP, Haufe G, Lange-Sperandio B, Offermanns S, Sperandio M, Levkau B. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 promotes leukocyte rolling by mobilizing endothelial P-selectin. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6416. [PMID: 25832730 PMCID: PMC4396399 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) participates in inflammation; however, its role in leukocyte rolling is still unclear. Here we use intravital microscopy in inflamed mouse cremaster muscle venules and human endothelial cells to show that S1P contributes to P-selectin-dependent leukocyte rolling through endothelial S1P receptor 3 (S1P3) and Gαq, PLCβ and Ca2+. Intra-arterial S1P administration increases leukocyte rolling, while S1P3 deficiency or inhibition dramatically reduces it. Mast cells involved in triggering rolling also release S1P that mobilizes P-selectin through S1P3. Histamine and epinephrine require S1P3 for full-scale effect accomplishing it by stimulating sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1). In a counter-regulatory manner, S1P1 inhibits cAMP-stimulated Sphk1 and blocks rolling as observed in endothelial-specific S1P1−/− mice. In agreement with a dominant pro-rolling effect of S1P3, FTY720 inhibits rolling in control and S1P1−/− but not in S1P3−/− mice. Our findings identify S1P as a direct and indirect contributor to leukocyte rolling and characterize the receptors mediating its action. The lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is known to mediate leukocyte recruitment in inflammation. Here, Nussbaum et al. show that S1P, via its receptor S1P3, also regulates leukocyte rolling on endothelium by promoting the presentation of the adhesion molecule P-selectin on the endothelial surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Nussbaum
- 1] Walter Brendel Center, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, 81377 München, Germany [2] Dr v. Haunersches Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University München, 80337 München, Germany
| | - Sarah Bannenberg
- Institute of Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Petra Keul
- Institute of Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Markus H Gräler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Cassiano F Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
- 1] Walter Brendel Center, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, 81377 München, Germany [2] Laboratorio de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040900, Brazil
| | - Hanna Korhonen
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Karin von Wnuck Lipinski
- Institute of Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute of Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | | | - Ina Rohwedder
- Walter Brendel Center, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Joachim R Göthert
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Vysakh Pushpa Prasad
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Günter Haufe
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Baerbel Lange-Sperandio
- Dr v. Haunersches Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University München, 80337 München, Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Walter Brendel Center, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Bodo Levkau
- Institute of Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
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12
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Zuchtriegel G, Uhl B, Hessenauer ME, Kurz AR, Rehberg M, Lauber K, Krombach F, Reichel CA. Spatiotemporal Expression Dynamics of Selectins Govern the Sequential Extravasation of Neutrophils and Monocytes in the Acute Inflammatory Response. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:899-910. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.305143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Leukocyte recruitment to the site of inflammation is a key event in a variety of cardiovascular pathologies. Infiltrating neutrophils constitute the first line of defense that precedes a second wave of emigrating monocytes reinforcing the inflammatory reaction. The mechanisms initiating this sequential process remained largely obscure.
Approach and Results—
Using advanced in vivo microscopy and in vitro/ex vivo techniques, we identified individual spatiotemporal expression patterns of selectins and their principal interaction partners on neutrophils, resident/inflammatory monocytes, and endothelial cells. Coordinating the intraluminal trafficking of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes to common sites of extravasation, selectins assign different sites to these immune cells for their initial interactions with the microvascular endothelium. Whereas constitutively expressed leukocyte L-selectin/CD62L and endothelial P-selectin/CD62P together with CD44 and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1/CD162 initiate the emigration of neutrophils, de novo synthesis of endothelial E-selectin/CD62E launches the delayed secondary recruitment of inflammatory monocytes. In this context, P-selectin/CD62P and L-selectin/CD62L together with P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1/CD162 and CD44 were found to regulate the flux of rolling neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes, whereas E-selectin/CD62E selectively adjusts the rolling velocity of inflammatory monocytes. Moreover, selectins and their interaction partners P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1/CD162 and CD44 differentially control the intraluminal crawling behavior of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes collectively enabling the sequential extravasation of these immune cells to inflamed tissue.
Conclusions—
Our findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms initiating the sequential infiltration of the perivascular tissue by neutrophils and monocytes in the acute inflammatory response and might thereby contribute to the development of targeted therapeutic strategies for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Zuchtriegel
- From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (G.Z., C.A.R.), Department of Radiation Oncology (K.L.), Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine (G.Z., B.U., M.E.T.H., A.R.M.K., M.R., F.K., C.A.R.), Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Uhl
- From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (G.Z., C.A.R.), Department of Radiation Oncology (K.L.), Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine (G.Z., B.U., M.E.T.H., A.R.M.K., M.R., F.K., C.A.R.), Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian E.T. Hessenauer
- From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (G.Z., C.A.R.), Department of Radiation Oncology (K.L.), Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine (G.Z., B.U., M.E.T.H., A.R.M.K., M.R., F.K., C.A.R.), Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Angela R.M. Kurz
- From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (G.Z., C.A.R.), Department of Radiation Oncology (K.L.), Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine (G.Z., B.U., M.E.T.H., A.R.M.K., M.R., F.K., C.A.R.), Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Rehberg
- From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (G.Z., C.A.R.), Department of Radiation Oncology (K.L.), Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine (G.Z., B.U., M.E.T.H., A.R.M.K., M.R., F.K., C.A.R.), Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (G.Z., C.A.R.), Department of Radiation Oncology (K.L.), Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine (G.Z., B.U., M.E.T.H., A.R.M.K., M.R., F.K., C.A.R.), Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Fritz Krombach
- From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (G.Z., C.A.R.), Department of Radiation Oncology (K.L.), Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine (G.Z., B.U., M.E.T.H., A.R.M.K., M.R., F.K., C.A.R.), Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph A. Reichel
- From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (G.Z., C.A.R.), Department of Radiation Oncology (K.L.), Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine (G.Z., B.U., M.E.T.H., A.R.M.K., M.R., F.K., C.A.R.), Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Holzer M, Bihari P, Praetner M, Uhl B, Reichel C, Fent J, Vippola M, Lakatos S, Krombach F. Carbon-based nanomaterials accelerate arteriolar thrombus formation in the murine microcirculation independently of their shape. J Appl Toxicol 2014; 34:1167-76. [PMID: 24531921 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Although carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs) have been shown to exert prothrombotic effects in microvessels, it is poorly understood whether CBNs also have the potential to interfere with the process of leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions and whether the shape of CBNs plays a role in these processes. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the acute effects of two differently shaped CBNs, fiber-shaped single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and spherical ultrafine carbon black (CB), on thrombus formation as well as on leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions and leukocyte transmigration in the murine microcirculation upon systemic administration in vivo. Systemic administration of both SWCNT and CB accelerated arteriolar thrombus formation at a dose of 1 mg kg(-1) body weight, whereas SWCNT exerted a prothrombotic effect also at a lower dose (0.1 mg kg(-1) body weight). In vitro, both CBNs induced P-selectin expression on human platelets and formation of platelet-granulocyte complexes. In contrast, injection of fiber-shaped SWCNT or of spherical CB did not induce leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions or leukocyte transmigration. In vitro, both CBNs slightly increased the expression of activation markers on human monocytes and granulocytes. These findings suggest that systemic administration of CBNs accelerates arteriolar thrombus formation independently of the CBNs' shape, but does not induce leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions or leukocyte transmigration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Holzer
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377, Munich, Germany
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14
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Huang L. What happened if various kinds of postconditioning working on the preconditioned ischemic skin flaps. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72818. [PMID: 24147150 PMCID: PMC3797916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ischemic pre-conditioning and post-conditioning are useful manipulations to reduce the undesirable effects of ischemia-reperfusion skin flap each. But the impact of post-conditioning on the pre-conditioning skin flap is not manifested. Here we investigated the influence of ischemic post-conditioning in a preconditioned axial pattern skin flap model. METHOD We used the skin flap in 40 rabbits and divided them into 5 groups randomly. At first we induced the ischemic pre-conditioning of the flap which was applied by 2 periods of 15 minutes of ischemia/15 minutes of reperfusion cycle. Next post-conditioning was performed by 6 cycles of 10 seconds of repeated ischemia/reperfusion periods at different times of just after the reperfusion,5 minutes after the reperfusion,10 minutes after the reperfusion. The animals were allocated into 5 groups: group 1 (Ischemia Group); group 2: (Pre-conditioning Group); group 3: (Pre-conditioning+ Post-conditioning Group); group 4 (Pre-conditioning+ Post-conditioning 5 minutes later Group); group 5 (Pre-conditioning+ Post-conditioning 10 minutes later). The neutrophil count was assessed with histologic analysis before the dissection of the skin flap. Flap viability was assessed 1 week after the operation, and surviving flap area was recorded as a percentage of the whole flap area. LSD test was used for statistical analysis among different groups to evaluate the effects of ischemic pre-conditioning against ischemia. RESULT Among the varying groups, the neutrophil count varied: Group 1 was 50.12 ± 5.91; Group 2, 30.00 ± 2.00, and Group 3, 18.87 ± 3; Group 4, 22.50 ± 1.92; Group 5, 30.12 ± 1.88.The mean ± SD surviving areas of the flaps for groups 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were 31.76 ± 4.59, 51.26 ± 3.24,82.18 ± 5.28,66.85 ± 3.87 and 51.13 ± 2.90 respectively. Spearman correlation analysis shows an increase relation between neutrophil count and flap survival rate in the different groups (P <0.05). CONCLUSION Ischemic post-conditioning has protective effect on ischemic preconditioned skin flaps, but the post-conditioning should be performed within 5 minutes after the end of ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Anzheng Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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15
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16
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Mahmoud MF, Hassan NA, El Bassossy HM, Fahmy A. Quercetin protects against diabetes-induced exaggerated vasoconstriction in rats: effect on low grade inflammation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63784. [PMID: 23717483 PMCID: PMC3661670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular complications are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. Quercetin is an important flavonoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Here, the effect of quercetin on diabetes-induced exaggerated vasoconstriction in insulin deficient and insulin resistant rat models was investigated. Insulin deficiency was induced by streptozotocin while, insulin resistance by fructose. Rats were left 8 weeks or 12 weeks after STZ or fructose administration respectively. Quercetin was daily administered in the last 6 weeks. Then, tail blood pressure (BP) was recorded in conscious animals; concentration-response curves for phenylephrine (PE) and KCl were studied in thoracic aorta rings. Non-fasting blood glucose level, serum insulin level, insulin resistance index, serum tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined. Nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) was assessed by immunofluorescence technique. Histopathological examination was also performed. The results showed that quercetin protected against diabetes-induced exaggerated vasoconstriction and reduced the elevated blood pressure. In addition, quercetin inhibited diabetes associated adventitial leukocyte infiltration, endothelial pyknosis and increased collagen deposition. These effects were accompanied with reduction in serum level of both TNF-α and CRP and inhibition of aortic NF-κB by quercetin in both models of diabetes. On the other hand, quercetin did not affect glucose level in any of the used diabetic models. This suggests that the protective effect of quercetin is mediated by its anti-inflammatory effect rather than its metabolic effects. In summary, quercetin is potential candidate to prevent diabetic vascular complications in both insulin deficiency and resistance via its inhibitory effect on inflammatory pathways especially NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona F Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
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17
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Variations in hemocyte counts in the mussel, Mytilus edulis: Similar reaction patterns occur in disappearance and return of molluscan hemocytes and vertebrate leukocytes. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2013; 164:629-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Ferreira RG, Matsui TC, Gomides LF, Godin AM, Menezes GB, de Matos Coelho M, Klein A. Niacin inhibits carrageenan-induced neutrophil migration in mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2013; 386:533-40. [PMID: 23525501 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-013-0854-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Several emerging lines of evidence support an anti-inflammatory role for nicotinic acid (niacin); however, its role in the regulation of leukocyte migration in response to inflammatory stimuli has not been elucidated until now. Herein, we have examined the effect of nicotinic acid on neutrophil recruitment in experimentally induced inflammation. We demonstrated that nicotinic acid treatment inhibited interleukin (IL)-8-induced, leukotriene (LT)B4-induced, and carrageenan-induced neutrophil migration into the pleural cavity of BALB/c mice and reduced neutrophil rolling and adherence in a mouse cremaster muscle preparation. Surprisingly, nicotinic acid treatment increased the level of the neutrophil chemoattractant KC in response to carrageenan. These results suggest that nicotinic acid plays an important role in the regulation of inflammation due to its ability to inhibit the actions of the neutrophil chemoattractants IL-8 and LTB4. Further inhibition of chemoattractants leads to impairment of leukocyte rolling and adherence to the vascular endothelium in the microcirculation of inflamed tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Gomes Ferreira
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Pain, Institute of Biological Sciences, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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19
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Shimizu K, Ogawa F, Hara T, Yoshizaki A, Muroi E, Yanaba K, Akiyama Y, Yamaoka T, Sato S. Exogenous application of hydrogen sulfide donor attenuates inflammatory reactions through the L-selectin-involved pathway in the cutaneous reverse passive Arthus reaction. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 93:573-84. [PMID: 23381473 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0212079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
H2S has been highlighted recently as an endogenous, gaseous signaling molecule, especially in inflammations. The deposition of IC induces an acute inflammatory response with tissue injury. To assess the roles of H2S in the IC-induced diseases, the cutaneous, reverse passive Arthus reaction was conducted using NaHS as a H2S donor. Furthermore, we conducted similar experiments using selectin(-/-) mice to determine the involvement of selectin molecules in the H2S-mediated pathway. Exogenous application of NaHS dramatically attenuated inflammatory reactions in WT mice associated with Arthus reaction. Namely, mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and neutrophil numbers were reduced significantly in the lesional skins of NaHS-treated WT mice relative to untreated ones. NaHS treatment significantly reduced these three parameters in the lesional skins of E- and P-selectin(-/-) mice but not in those of L-selectin(-/-) mice. Quite similar results were obtained in the blocking study using WT mice injected with mAb to E-, P-, and L-selectin. Our results indicated that the exogenous application of NaHS attenuates inflammatory responses in reverse passive Arthus reaction through a L-selectin-involved pathway but not through E- or P-selectin pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Shimizu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Sundd P, Pospieszalska MK, Ley K. Neutrophil rolling at high shear: flattening, catch bond behavior, tethers and slings. Mol Immunol 2012; 55:59-69. [PMID: 23141302 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil recruitment to sites of inflammation involves neutrophil rolling along the inflamed endothelium in the presence of shear stress imposed by blood flow. Neutrophil rolling in post-capillary venules in vivo is primarily mediated by P-selectin on the endothelium binding to P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) constitutively expressed on neutrophils. Blood flow exerts a hydrodynamic drag on the rolling neutrophil which is partially or fully balanced by the adhesive forces generated in the P-selectin-PSGL-1 bonds. Rolling is the result of rapid formation and dissociation of P-selectin-PSGL-1 bonds at the center and rear of the rolling cell, respectively. Neutrophils roll stably on P-selectin in post-capillary venules in vivo and flow chambers in vitro at wall shear stresses greater than 6 dyn cm(-2). However, the mechanisms that enable neutrophils to roll at such high shear stress are not completely understood. In vitro and in vivo studies have led to the discovery of four potential mechanisms, viz. cell flattening, catch bond behavior, membrane tethers, and slings. Rolling neutrophils undergo flattening at high shear stress, which not only increases the size of the cell footprint but also reduces the hydrodynamic drag experienced by the rolling cell. P-selectin-PSGL-1 bonds behave as catch bonds at small detachment forces and thus become stronger with increasing force. Neutrophils rolling at high shear stress form membrane tethers which can be longer than the cell diameter and promote the survival of P-selectin-PSGL-1 bonds. Finally, neutrophils rolling at high shear stress form 'slings', which act as cell autonomous adhesive substrates and support step-wise peeling. Tethers and slings act together and contribute to the forces balancing the hydrodynamic drag. How the synergy between the four mechanisms leads to stable rolling at high shear stress is an area that needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithu Sundd
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Sundd P, Gutierrez E, Koltsova EK, Kuwano Y, Fukuda S, Pospieszalska MK, Groisman A, Ley K. 'Slings' enable neutrophil rolling at high shear. Nature 2012; 488:399-403. [PMID: 22763437 PMCID: PMC3433404 DOI: 10.1038/nature11248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Most leukocytes can roll along the walls of venules at low shear stress (1 dyn/cm2), but neutrophils have the ability to roll at 10-fold higher shear stress in microvessels in vivo1,2. The mechanisms involved in this shear-resistant rolling are known to involve cell flattening3 and pulling of long membrane tethers at the rear4–6. Here, we show that these long tethers do not retract as postulated6,7, but instead persist and appear as ‘slings’ at the front of rolling cells. We demonstrate slings in a model of acute inflammation in vivo and on P-selectin in vitro, where P-selectin-glycoprotein-ligand-1 (PSGL-1) is presented as discrete sticky patches while LFA-1 is expressed over the entire length on slings. As neutrophils roll forward, slings wrap around the rolling cells and undergo a step-wise peeling from the P-selectin substrate enabled by the failure of PSGL-1 patches under hydrodynamic forces. The ‘step-wise peeling of slings’ is distinct from the ‘pulling of tethers’ reported previously4–6,8. Each sling effectively lays out a cell-autonomous adhesive substrate in front of neutrophils rolling at high shear stress during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithu Sundd
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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22
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Ferreira RG, Matsui TC, Godin AM, Gomides LF, Pereira-Silva PEM, Duarte IDG, Menezes GB, Coelho MM, Klein A. Neutrophil recruitment is inhibited by nicotinamide in experimental pleurisy in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 685:198-204. [PMID: 22543086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Several emerging lines of evidence support an anti-inflammatory role for nicotinamide and other vitamin B components. However, the mechanisms underlying their activity remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the ability of nicotinamide to inhibit both neutrophil recruitment in IL-8-, LTB(4)- or carrageenan-induced pleurisy in mice and the rolling and adherence of neutrophils. Nicotinamide inhibited IL-8-, LTB(4)- and carrageenan-induced neutrophil migration, KC production and carrageenan-induced neutrophil rolling and adherence. We propose that the effects of nicotinamide in inhibiting neutrophil recruitment in carrageenan-induced pleurisy may be due to the ability of nicotinamide to inhibit the action of IL-8 and LTB(4), decrease KC production, and inhibit early events that regulate leukocyte migration from blood vessels into tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael G Ferreira
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Dor - Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Brazil
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SCHNEIDER MICHEL, BROILLET ANNE, TARDY ISABELLE, POCHON S, BUSSAT PHILIPPE, BETTINGER THIERRY, HELBERT ALEXANDRE, COSTA MARIA, TRANQUART FRANÇOIS. Use of Intravital Microscopy to Study the Microvascular Behavior of Microbubble-Based Ultrasound Contrast Agents. Microcirculation 2012; 19:245-59. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2011.00152.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Rehberg M, Leite CF, Mildner K, Horstkotte J, Zeuschner D, Krombach F. Surface chemistry of quantum dots determines their behavior in postischemic tissue. ACS NANO 2012; 6:1370-1379. [PMID: 22243127 DOI: 10.1021/nn204187c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of quantum dots (QDs) in the microvasculature and their impact on inflammatory reactions under pathophysiological conditions are still largely unknown. Therefore, we designed this study to investigate the fate and effects of surface-modified QDs in postischemic skeletal and heart muscle. Under these pathophysiological conditions, amine-modified QDs, but not carboxyl-QDs, were strongly associated with the vessel wall of postcapillary venules and amplified ischemia-reperfusion-elicited leukocyte transmigration. Importantly, strong association of amine-QDs with microvessel walls was also present in the postischemic myocardium. As shown by electron microscopy and verified by FACS analyses, amine-modified QDs, but not carboxyl-QDs, were associated with endogenous microparticles. At microvessel walls, these aggregates were attached to endothelial cells. Taken together, we found that both the surface chemistry of QDs and the underlying tissue conditions (i.e., ischemia-reperfusion) strongly determine their uptake by endothelial cells in microvessels, their association to endogenous microparticles, as well as their potential to modify inflammatory processes. Thus, this study strongly corroborates the view that the surface chemistry of nanomaterials and the physiological state of the tissue are crucial for the behavior of nanomaterials in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rehberg
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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Jefferson A, Wijesurendra RS, McAteer MA, Digby JE, Douglas G, Bannister T, Perez-Balderas F, Bagi Z, Lindsay AC, Choudhury RP. Molecular imaging with optical coherence tomography using ligand-conjugated microparticles that detect activated endothelial cells: rational design through target quantification. Atherosclerosis 2011; 219:579-87. [PMID: 21872249 PMCID: PMC3234340 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.07.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high resolution imaging technique used to assess superficial atherosclerotic plaque morphology. Utility of OCT may be enhanced by contrast agents targeting molecular mediators of inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS Microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO; 1 and 4.5 μm diameter) in suspension were visualized and accurately quantified using a clinical optical coherence tomography system. Bound to PECAM-1 on a plane of cultured endothelial cells under static conditions, 1 μm MPIO were also readily detected by OCT. To design a molecular contrast probe that would bind activated endothelium under conditions of shear stress, we quantified the expression (basal vs. TNF-activated; molecules μm(-2)) of VCAM-1 (not detected vs. 16 ± 1); PECAM-1 (132 ± 6 vs. 198 ± 10) and E-selectin (not detected vs. 46 ± 0.6) using quantitative flow cytometry. We then compared the retention of antibody-conjugated MPIO targeting each of these molecules plus a combined VCAM-1 and E-selectin (E+V) probe across a range of physiologically relevant shear stresses. E+V MPIO were consistently retained with highest efficiency (P < 0.001) and at a density that provided conspicuous contrast effects on OCT pullback. CONCLUSION Microparticles of iron oxide were detectable using a clinical OCT system. Assessment of binding under flow conditions recommended an approach that targeted both E-selectin and VCAM-1. Bound to HUVEC under conditions of flow, targeted 1 μm E+V MPIO were readily identified on OCT pullback. Molecular imaging with OCT may be feasible in vivo using antibody targeted MPIO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Jefferson
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Oxford Acute Vascular Imaging Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Rohan S. Wijesurendra
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Oxford Acute Vascular Imaging Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Martina A. McAteer
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Oxford Acute Vascular Imaging Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Janet E. Digby
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Oxford Acute Vascular Imaging Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Douglas
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Oxford Acute Vascular Imaging Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Bannister
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Oxford Acute Vascular Imaging Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco Perez-Balderas
- Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Zsolt Bagi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair C. Lindsay
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Oxford Acute Vascular Imaging Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Robin P. Choudhury
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Oxford Acute Vascular Imaging Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
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Sundd P, Pospieszalska MK, Cheung LSL, Konstantopoulos K, Ley K. Biomechanics of leukocyte rolling. Biorheology 2011; 48:1-35. [PMID: 21515934 DOI: 10.3233/bir-2011-0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte rolling on endothelial cells and other P-selectin substrates is mediated by P-selectin binding to P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 expressed on the tips of leukocyte microvilli. Leukocyte rolling is a result of rapid, yet balanced formation and dissociation of selectin-ligand bonds in the presence of hydrodynamic shear forces. The hydrodynamic forces acting on the bonds may either increase (catch bonds) or decrease (slip bonds) their lifetimes. The force-dependent 'catch-slip' bond kinetics are explained using the 'two pathway model' for bond dissociation. Both the 'sliding-rebinding' and the 'allosteric' mechanisms attribute 'catch-slip' bond behavior to the force-induced conformational changes in the lectin-EGF domain hinge of selectins. Below a threshold shear stress, selectins cannot mediate rolling. This 'shear-threshold' phenomenon is a consequence of shear-enhanced tethering and catch bond-enhanced rolling. Quantitative dynamic footprinting microscopy has revealed that leukocytes rolling at venular shear stresses (>0.6 Pa) undergo cellular deformation (large footprint) and form long tethers. The hydrodynamic shear force and torque acting on the rolling cell are thought to be synergistically balanced by the forces acting on tethers and stressed microvilli, however, their relative contribution remains to be determined. Thus, improvement beyond the current understanding requires in silico models that can predict both cellular and microvillus deformation and experiments that allow measurement of forces acting on individual microvilli and tethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithu Sundd
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Westmuckett AD, Thacker KM, Moore KL. Tyrosine sulfation of native mouse Psgl-1 is required for optimal leukocyte rolling on P-selectin in vivo. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20406. [PMID: 21633705 PMCID: PMC3102115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently demonstrated that tyrosine sulfation is an important contributor to monocyte recruitment and retention in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (Psgl-1) is tyrosine-sulfated in mouse monocyte/macrophages and its interaction with P-selectin is important in monocyte recruitment in atherosclerosis. However, whether tyrosine sulfation is required for the P-selectin binding function of mouse Psgl-1 is unknown. Here we test the function of native Psgl-1 expressed in leukocytes lacking endogenous tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase (TPST) activity. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Psgl-1 function was assessed by examining P-selectin dependent leukocyte rolling in post-capillary venules of C57BL6 mice transplanted with hematopoietic progenitors from wild type (WT → B6) or Tpst1;Tpst2 double knockout mice (Tpst DKO → B6) which lack TPST activity. We observed that rolling flux fractions were lower and leukocyte rolling velocities were higher in Tpst DKO → B6 venules compared to WT → B6 venules. Similar results were observed on immobilized P-selectin in vitro. Finally, Tpst DKO leukocytes bound less P-selectin than wild type leukocytes despite equivalent surface expression of Psgl-1. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These findings provide direct and convincing evidence that tyrosine sulfation is required for optimal function of mouse Psgl-1 in vivo and suggests that tyrosine sulfation of Psgl-1 contributes to the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Westmuckett
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America.
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Mechanisms of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis. Stroke 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-5478-8.10003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Rehberg M, Praetner M, Leite CF, Reichel CA, Bihari P, Mildner K, Duhr S, Zeuschner D, Krombach F. Quantum dots modulate leukocyte adhesion and transmigration depending on their surface modification. NANO LETTERS 2010; 10:3656-3664. [PMID: 20695477 DOI: 10.1021/nl102100m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Although different nanosized materials, including quantum dots (QDs), are intended to be used for biomedical applications, their interactions with microvessels and their inflammatory potential are largely unknown. In this in vivo study we report that leukocyte recruitment is modulated in the presence of quantum dots. We found that the surface chemistry of QDs strongly affects their localization in postcapillary venules, their uptake by perivascular macrophages, and their potential to modify steps of leukocyte recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rehberg
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munchen, Münich, Germany.
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30
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Kum WWS, Lo BC, Deng W, Ziltener HJ, Finlay BB. Impaired innate immune response and enhanced pathology during Citrobacter rodentium infection in mice lacking functional P-selectin. Cell Microbiol 2010; 12:1250-71. [PMID: 20345490 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2010.01466.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The selectin family of adhesion molecules mediates recruitment of immune cells to sites of inflammation which is critical for host resistance against infection. To characterize the role of selectins in host defence against Citrobacter rodentium infection, wild-type (WT) mice and mice lacking P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), P-, E- and L-selectin were infected using a Citrobacter-induced colitis model. Infected mice lacking PSGL-1 or P-selectin showed a more pronounced morbidity associated with higher bacterial load, elevated IL-12 p70, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, MCP-1 and IL-6 production, more severe inflammation and surprisingly higher leucocyte infiltration in the guts than WT control. Recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages and caecal inflammation were drastically reduced in infected P-selectin knockout mice receiving blocking monoclonal antibodies to ICAM-1 or LFA-1, indicating that these adhesion molecules may compensate for the loss of selectins in leucocyte recruitment. Furthermore, the adaptive immune response in mice lacking PSGL-1 or P-selectin remained functional since these infected mice were capable of eradicating the bacteria and being protected upon re-challenge with C. rodentium. These data demonstrate a definitive phenotypic impairment of innate response in mice lacking PSGL-1 or P-selectin, and suggest that these adhesion molecules are important in host innate immune response against Citrobacter infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie W S Kum
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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31
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Deban L, Russo RC, Sironi M, Moalli F, Scanziani M, Zambelli V, Cuccovillo I, Bastone A, Gobbi M, Valentino S, Doni A, Garlanda C, Danese S, Salvatori G, Sassano M, Evangelista V, Rossi B, Zenaro E, Constantin G, Laudanna C, Bottazzi B, Mantovani A. Regulation of leukocyte recruitment by the long pentraxin PTX3. Nat Immunol 2010; 11:328-34. [DOI: 10.1038/ni.1854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ogawa A, Yoshizaki A, Yanaba K, Ogawa F, Hara T, Muroi E, Takenaka M, Shimizu K, Hasegawa M, Fujimoto M, Tedder TF, Sato S. The differential role of L-selectin and ICAM-1 in Th1-type and Th2-type contact hypersensitivity. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130:1558-70. [PMID: 20182448 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2010.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Sensitization and challenge using DNFB induce contact hypersensitivity (CHS) with predominant type 1 helper (Th1) cell infiltration, whereas those using FITC generate CHS with Th2 cell infiltration. CHS results from inflammatory cell infiltration, a process that is highly regulated by the expression of multiple adhesion molecules. We attempted to determine the role of L-selectin and ICAM-1 in Th1- and Th2-type CHS induced by DNFB or FITC in mice lacking either L-selectin, ICAM-1, or both. Th1-type CHS induced by DNFB was inhibited by L-selectin and/or ICAM-1 deficiency, which was associated with reduced IFN-gamma expression. Similarly, Th2-type CHS induced by FITC was inhibited by L-selectin deficiency. However, Th2-type CHS was increased by ICAM-1 deficiency and accompanied by increased Th2 cytokine expression. Infiltration of in vitro-generated Th1 cells into the FITC-challenged skin decreased in ICAM-1-deficient mice, whereas in vitro-generated Th2 cell infiltration increased, suggesting that ICAM-1 mediates Th1 cell migration and that in the absence of ICAM-1, Th1 cell recruitment decreased, whereas relative Th2 cell migration increased. These results suggest that ICAM-1 mediates Th1 cell recruitment irrespective of DNFB or FITC and that L-selectin recruits Th1 cells in Th1-type CHS, whereas it recruits Th2 cells in Th2-type CHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
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KANWAR SAMINA, SMITH CWAYNE, KUBES PAUL. An Absolute Requirement for P‐Selectin in Ischemia/Reperfusion‐Induced Leukocyte Recruitment in Cremaster Muscle. Microcirculation 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.1998.tb00077.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- SAMINA KANWAR
- Immunology Research Group, Department of Medical Physiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - C. WAYNE SMITH
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - PAUL KUBES
- Immunology Research Group, Department of Medical Physiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Pickard JE, Ley K. Micro-PTV measurement of the fluid shear stress acting on adherent leukocytes in vivo. Biophys J 2009; 96:4249-59. [PMID: 19450495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2009.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2008] [Revised: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte adhesion is determined by the balance between molecular adhesive forces and convective dispersive forces. A key parameter influencing leukocyte adhesion is the shear stress acting on the leukocyte. This measure is indispensable for determining the molecular bond forces and estimating cell deformation. To experimentally determine this shear stress, we used microparticle tracking velocimetry analyzing more than 24,000 images of 0.5 microm fluorescent microbeads flowing within mildly inflamed postcapillary venules of the cremaster muscle in vivo. Green fluorescent protein, expressed under the lysozyme-M promoter, made leukocytes visible. After applying stringent quality criteria, 3 of 69 recordings were fully analyzed. We show that endothelial cells, but not leukocytes, are covered by a significant surface layer. The wall shear rate is nearly zero near the adherent arc of each leukocyte and reaches a maximum at the apex. This peak shear rate is 2-6-fold higher than the wall shear rate in the absence of a leukocyte. Microbead trajectories show a systematic deviation toward and away from the microvessel axis upstream and downstream from the leukocyte, respectively. The flow field around adherent leukocytes in vivo allows more accurate estimates of bond forces in rolling and adherent leukocytes and improved modeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Pickard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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35
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Direct crosstalk between mast cell-TNF and TNFR1-expressing endothelia mediates local tissue inflammation. Blood 2009; 114:1696-706. [PMID: 19546478 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-11-187682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling through tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) controls bacterial infections and the induction of inflammatory Th1 cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. By dissecting Th1 cell-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity responses (DTHRs) into single steps, we localized a central defect to the missing TNFR1 expression by endothelial cells (ECs). Adoptive transfer and mast cell knockin experiments into Kit(W)/Kit(W-v), TNF(-/-), and TNFR1(-/-) mice showed that the signaling defect exclusively affects mast cell-EC interactions but not T cells or antigen-presenting cells. As a consequence, TNFR1(-/-) mice had strongly reduced mRNA and protein expression of P-selectin, E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 during DTHR elicitation. In consequence, intravital fluorescence microscopy revealed up to 80% reduction of leukocyte rolling and firm adhesion in TNFR1(-/-) mice. As substitution of TNF(-/-) mice with TNF-producing mast cells fully restored DTHR in these mice, signaling of mast cell-derived TNF through TNFR1-expressing ECs is essential for the recruitment of leukocytes into sites of inflammation.
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36
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Tomita H, Iwata Y, Ogawa F, Komura K, Shimizu K, Yoshizaki A, Hara T, Muroi E, Yanaba K, Bae S, Takenaka M, Hasegawa M, Fujimoto M, Sato S. P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 contributes to wound healing predominantly as a p-selectin ligand and partly as an e-selectin ligand. J Invest Dermatol 2009; 129:2059-67. [PMID: 19177138 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecules are critical to wound healing through leukocyte recruitment. Although P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) regulates leukocyte rolling by binding P-selectin, but also binding E- and L-selectins with lower affinity, little is known about a role of PSGL-1 in wound healing. To clarify a role of PSGL-1 and its interaction with E- and P-selectins in wound healing, we investigated cutaneous wound healing in PSGL-1-deficient (PSGL-1(-/-)) mice in comparison with E-selectin(-/-), P-selectin(-/-), and P-selectin(-/-) mice treated with an anti-E-selectin antibody. PSGL-1 deficiency inhibited early wound healing, which was accompanied by decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and growth factor expression. By contrast, E-selectin deficiency did not affect wound healing. In general, the inhibitory effect of PSGL-1 deficiency on wound healing was similar to that of P-selectin deficiency either alone or with E-selectin blockade. However, early granulation tissue formation, late angiogenesis, and early infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages in PSGL-1(-/-) mice were inhibited beyond the inhibition in P-selectin(-/-) mice, but to a similar level of inhibition in P-selectin(-/-) mice with E-selectin blockade. These results suggest that PSGL-1 contributes to wound healing predominantly as a P-selectin ligand and partly as an E-selectin ligand by mediating infiltration of inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Tomita
- Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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37
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Jetha K, Nash G, Egginton S. Cooled neutrophils become deposited in the microcirculation after infusion: A potential mechanism for microvascular disruption following tissue hypothermia. J Therm Biol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2008.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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38
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Sumagin R, Lomakina E, Sarelius IH. Leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions are linked to vascular permeability via ICAM-1-mediated signaling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 295:H969-H977. [PMID: 18641276 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00400.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Two key characteristics of the inflammatory response are the recruitment of leukocytes to inflamed tissue as well as changes in vessel permeability. We explored the relationship between these two processes using intravital confocal microscopy in cremasters of anesthetized (65 mg/kg Nembutal ip) mice. We provide direct evidence that intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) links leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions and changes in solute permeability (Ps). Importantly, we show that arterioles, not just venules, respond to proinflammatory stimuli, thus contributing to microvascular exchange. We identified two independent, ICAM-1-mediated pathways regulating Ps. Under control conditions in wild-type (WT) mice, there is a constitutive PKC-dependent pathway (Ps = 1.0 +/- 0.10 and 2.2 +/- 0.46 x 10(-6) cm/s in arterioles and venules, respectively), which was significantly reduced in ICAM-1 knockout (KO) mice (Ps = 0.54 +/- 0.07 and 0.77 +/- 0.11 x 10(-6) cm/s). The PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimid l (1 micromol/l in 0.01% DMSO) decreased P(s) in WT mice to levels similar to those in ICAM-1 KO mice. Likewise, a PKC activator (phorbol-12-myristate-acetate; 1 micromol/l in 0.01% DMSO) successfully restored Ps in ICAM-1 KO vessels to be not different from that of the WT controls. On the other hand, during TNF-alpha-induced inflammation, Ps in WT mice was significantly increased (2-fold in venules and 2.5-fold in arterioles) in a Src-dependent and PKC-independent manner. The blockade of Src (PP2; 2 micromol/l in 0.01% DMSO) but not PKC significantly reduced the TNF-alpha-dependent increase in Ps. We conclude that ICAM-1 plays an essential role in the regulation of Ps in microvessels and that there are two separate (constitutive and inducible) signaling pathways that regulate permeability under normal and inflamed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Sumagin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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39
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Leukocyte trafficking in a mouse model for leukocyte adhesion deficiency II/congenital disorder of glycosylation IIc. Blood 2008; 112:1472-81. [PMID: 18541720 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-01-132035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency II (LAD II), also known as congenital disorder of glycosylation IIc (CDG-IIc), is a human disease in which a defective GDP-fucose transporter (SLC35C1) causes developmental defects and an immunodeficiency that is based on the lack of fucosylated selectin ligands. Since the study of in vivo leukocyte trafficking in patients with LAD II is experimentally limited, we analyzed this process in mice deficient for Slc35c1. We found that E-, L-, and P-selectin-dependent leukocyte rolling in cremaster muscle venules was virtually absent. This was accompanied by a strong but not complete decrease in firm leukocyte adhesion. Moreover, neutrophil migration to the inflamed peritoneum was strongly reduced by 89%. Previous reports showed surprisingly normal lymphocyte functions in LAD II, which indicated sufficient lymphocyte trafficking to secondary lymphoid organs. We now found that while lymphocyte homing to lymph nodes was reduced to 1% to 2% in Slc35c1(-/-) mice, trafficking to the spleen was completely normal. In accordance with this, we found a defect in the humoral response to a T cell-dependent antigen in lymph nodes but not in the spleen. Taken together, Slc35c1(-/-) mice show strongly defective leukocyte trafficking but normal lymphocyte homing to the spleen, which may explain normal lymphocyte functions in LAD II.
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40
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Eriksson EE. No detectable endothelial- or leukocyte-derived L-selectin ligand activity on the endothelium in inflamed cremaster muscle venules. J Leukoc Biol 2008; 84:93-103. [PMID: 18381812 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1107786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
L-selectin is important in mediating leukocyte recruitment in inflammation. The role of L-selectin was for long believed to be influenced by an inducible endothelial ligand; however, L-selectin ligand activity was recently shown to be mediated by leukocytic P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1). Still, it is unknown whether PSGL-1 is deposited on the endothelium or whether leukocyte fragments or leukocytic uropods are presented on the venular surface. Moreover, it is unclear whether ligands for L-selectin other than PSGL-1 are present in inflammation. Overall, this has complicated understanding of the mechanisms that guide recruitment of inflammatory cells. Here, I used intravital microscopy on mouse cremaster muscle venules to show that L-selectin influences leukocyte rolling in inflammation exclusively by mediating L-selectin/PSGL-1-dependent, secondary capture to rolling and adherent leukocytes. I show that leukocyte primary capture in inflammation is mediated almost entirely by P-selectin, whereas the capacity of E-selectin to mediate capture appears to be minimal. In parallel, primary capture remaining after function inhibition of P-selectin is not decreased by blockage or absence of L-selectin. Rolling along the endothelium in venules following a number of inflammatory treatments was abolished by simultaneous blockage of P-selectin, E-selectin, and VCAM-1, indicating that there is no additional adhesive pathway involving L-selectin or any other molecule that can mediate leukocyte rolling in inflamed cremaster muscle venules in response to the used stimuli. Moreover, in vivo staining failed to detect any L-selectin ligand activity on the endothelium. These data demonstrate that expression of L-selectin on leukocytes is insufficient for mediating rolling and efficient recruitment of leukocytes in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar E Eriksson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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41
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Naik-Mathuria B, Gay AN, Yu L, Hsu J, Smith CW, Olutoye O. Fetal wound healing using a genetically modified murine model: the contribution of P-selectin. J Pediatr Surg 2008; 43:675-82. [PMID: 18405715 PMCID: PMC2424112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2007.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE During early gestation, fetal wounds heal with paucity of inflammation and absent scar formation. P-selectin is an adhesion molecule that is important for leukocyte recruitment to injury sites. We used a murine fetal wound healing model to study the specific contribution of P-selectin to scarless wound repair. METHODS Linear excisional wounds were created on the dorsa of E15.5 and E17.5 gestation fetuses in wild-type and P-selectin (-/-) mice (term = 19 days). Wounds were harvested at various time-points after wounding and analyzed using histology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The E15.5 wounds in both wild-type and P-selectin (-/-) fetuses healed scarlessly and with minimal inflammation, whereas E17.5 wounds healed with fibrosis and inflammation. However, the scars of the P-selectin (-/-) wounds appeared slightly different than wild-type. There were significantly more inflammatory cells in E17.5 wild-type wounds 6 hours after injury (P < .001), but the difference was no longer significant by 24 hours. Finally, reepithelialization was slower in the E15.5 knockout wounds compared to their wild-type counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Absence of P-selectin delays inflammatory cell recruitment and reepithelialization of fetal wounds; however, scar formation still occurs in late gestation wounds. The contribution of specific molecules to fetal wound healing can be elucidated using murine knockout or transgenic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindi Naik-Mathuria
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Andre N. Gay
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Leukocyte Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ling Yu
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jean Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Leukocyte Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - C. Wayne Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Leukocyte Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Oluyinka Olutoye
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Section of Leukocyte Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Ley K, Mestas J, Pospieszalska MK, Sundd P, Groisman A, Zarbock A. Chapter 11. Intravital microscopic investigation of leukocyte interactions with the blood vessel wall. Methods Enzymol 2008; 445:255-79. [PMID: 19022063 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(08)03011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intravital microscopy is a method to study the microcirculation in living tissues. Transillumination, oblique reflected light illumination, continuous and stroboscopic epifluorescence microscopy can be used to visualized specific cells and molecules. Intravital microscopy is further enhanced by the advent of laser scanning.spinning disk confocal and multi-photon microscopy. Recent advances include blood-perfused flow chambers and microfluidic devises for the study of blood cell interactions with molecularly defined substrates. This chapter focuses on the application of these techniques to study leukocyte interactions with the vascular wall and molecular surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
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43
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Sumagin R, Sarelius IH. A role for ICAM-1 in maintenance of leukocyte-endothelial cell rolling interactions in inflamed arterioles. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007; 293:H2786-98. [PMID: 17704289 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00720.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A key endothelial receptor in leukocyte-endothelial cell (EC) interactions is ICAM-1. ICAM-1 is constitutively expressed at low levels on vascular ECs, and its levels significantly increase following stimulation with many proinflammatory agents. This study provides evidence that in inflamed arterioles of anesthetized mice (65 mg/kg ip Nembutal), ICAM-1 mediates leukocyte rolling, in contrast to its expected role of mediating firm adhesion in venules. The number of leukocytes rolling on arteriolar ECs is decreased in ICAM-1 knockout (KO) compared with wild-type (WT) mice (KO, 6.0 +/- 0.9; WT, 12.0 +/- 1.0 leukocytes/40 s; P < 0.05), whereas the leukocyte-rolling number in venules remains unaffected (KO, 5.6 +/- 0.9; WT, 7.0 +/- 0.7 leukocytes/40 s; n = 13-15 sites). We also show that the fraction of leukocytes that is rolling on arteriolar ECs does so with a higher characteristic velocity (>70 microm/s), and, furthermore, that the distance over which rolling contacts with the arteriolar wall are maintained is ICAM-1 dependent. In ICAM-1 KO animals or in WT mice in the presence of ICAM-1-blocking antibody, leukocytes rolled significantly shorter distances over the sampled 200-microm vessel length compared with WT (68 +/- 6.7 and 55 +/- 9.4 vs. 85 +/- 12.9% total, respectively, n = 4 sites, P < 0.05). We also found evidence that in ICAM-1 KO mice, a significant fraction of leukocyte rolling and adhesive interactions with arteriolar ECs could be accounted for by upregulation of another adhesion molecule, VCAM-1, providing an important illustration of how expression of related proteins can be altered following genetic ablatement of a target molecule (in this case ICAM-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Sumagin
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Fujita T, Fujimoto M, Matsushita T, Shimada Y, Hasegawa M, Kuwano Y, Ogawa F, Takehara K, Sato S. Phase-dependent roles of E-selectin during chronic contact hypersensitivity responses. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2007; 170:1649-58. [PMID: 17456770 PMCID: PMC1854959 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.060747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic contact hypersensitivity (CH) models induced by repeated hapten exposure exhibit chronic dermatitis and immunological abnormalities resembling atopic dermatitis. To assess the contribution of endothelial selectins (P- and E-selectins) to cutaneous chronic inflammation, chronic CH responses were assessed in mice lacking P- or E-selectin. Elicitation with oxazolone on the ears of P-selectin(-/-) mice 7 days after the sensitization induced a typical delayed-type hypersensitivity response similar to that found in wild-type mice. By contrast, a significant increase in ear swelling was observed in E-selectin(-/-) mice 36 to 48 hours after first elicitation. E-selectin(-/-) mice showed augmented P-selectin up-regulation, and administration of anti-P-selectin monoclonal antibody significantly inhibited the enhanced ear response, suggesting that the enhanced ear-swelling response in E-selectin(-/-) mice resulted from compensatory increase in P-selectin expression. In the late phase of chronic CH, acceleration of ear swelling was significantly reduced in both E- and P-selectin(-/-) mice relative to wild-type littermates. Thus, the loss of P- or E-selectin suppressed inflammatory responses during the chronic phase of the chronic models, whereas early-phase inflammatory responses were exacerbated by E-selectin blockade. Collectively, P- and E-selectins cooperatively regulate CH response, although their roles may be different depending on the phase of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
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Yukami T, Hasegawa M, Matsushita Y, Fujita T, Matsushita T, Horikawa M, Komura K, Yanaba K, Hamaguchi Y, Nagaoka T, Ogawa F, Fujimoto M, Steeber DA, Tedder TF, Takehara K, Sato S. Endothelial selectins regulate skin wound healing in cooperation with L-selectin and ICAM-1. J Leukoc Biol 2007; 82:519-31. [PMID: 17595378 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0307152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin wound healing is mediated by inflammatory cell infiltration that is highly regulated by various adhesion molecules. Mice lacking intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) delayed skin wound healing and mice lacking both L-selectin and ICAM-1 (L-selectin/ICAM-1(-/-)) show more delayed wound healing. Deficiency of both endothelial selectins (E-selectin or P-selectin) also delays wound healing. However, the relative contribution and interaction of selectins and ICAM-1 to the wound healing remain unknown. To clarify them, repair of excisional wounds was examined in L-selectin/ICAM-1(-/-) mice, wild-type mice with both E- and P-selectin blockade, and L-selectin/ICAM-1(-/-) mice with both E- and P-selectin blockade. Wild-type mice with both E- and P-selectin blockade showed delayed wound healing that was comparable with that in L-selectin/ICAM-1(-/-) mice. Combined E- and P-selectin blockade in L-selectin/ICAM-1(-/-) mice resulted in more significant delay. Mice lacking or blocked for adhesion molecules also showed suppressed keratinocyte migration, angiogenesis, granulation tissue formation, leukocyte infiltration, and cytokine expression, including transforming growth factor-beta and interleukin-6. Application of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) but not platelet-derived growth factor to the wounds significantly improved wound healing in L-selectin/ICAM-1(-/-) mice with both E- and P-selectin blockade. bFGF significantly increased the leukocyte infiltration and subsequent fibrogenic cytokine production, as well as keratinocyte migration, angiogenesis, and collagen synthesis despite the loss of four kinds of adhesion molecules. These results indicate that skin wound healing is regulated cooperatively by all selectins and ICAM-1 and may provide critical information for the therapy of skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Yukami
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
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46
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Neuman MG. Immune dysfunction in inflammatory bowel disease. Transl Res 2007; 149:173-86. [PMID: 17383591 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2006.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2006] [Revised: 11/19/2006] [Accepted: 11/21/2006] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) that are characterized by chronic periods of exacerbation and remission. Research into the immunopathogenesis of IBD adds support to the theory that the disease results from a dysfunctional regulation of the immune system that leads to the polarization of intestinal immune cells toward a Th1 (T helper) response. The immunologic factors that mediate alterations in intestinal homeostasis and the development of intestinal mucosal inflammation have been at the forefront of IBD research. Cytokines, which are important regulators of leukocyte trafficking and apoptotic cell death, have emerged as essential immune molecules in the pathogenesis of IBD. In this study, recent advances in the understanding of the dynamism of cytokines and the consequences for mucosal immunity and inflammation in IBD are discussed. Furthermore, this study highlights the potential use of cytokines, anti-cytokine antibodies, and cytokine-related biologic therapies as novel targets for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela G Neuman
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Drug Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Horikawa M, Fujimoto M, Hasegawa M, Matsushita T, Hamaguchi Y, Kawasuji A, Matsushita Y, Fujita T, Ogawa F, Takehara K, Steeber DA, Sato S. E- and P-selectins synergistically inhibit bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2006; 169:740-9. [PMID: 16936251 PMCID: PMC1698829 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2006.060086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of bleomycin-induced lung injury, which is a model of pulmonary fibrosis, results from inflammatory cell infiltration, a process highly regulated by the expression of multiple adhesion molecules. Therefore, bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis was examined in E-selectin-/- mice, P-selectin-/- mice, and E-selectin-/- mice treated with anti-P-selectin monoclonal antibody (mAb) in comparison of wild-type mice. E-selectin-/- mice treated with anti-P-selectin mAb exhibited augmented lung fibrosis histologically, increased lung collagen deposition, and increased mortality compared to wild-type mice. Furthermore, lung interferon-gamma mRNA expression decreased in E-selectin-/- mice treated with anti-P-selectin mAb relative to wild-type mice, while tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 mRNA expression increased in these mice. Similar changes were observed in E-selectin-/- mice, albeit to a lesser extent than those treated with anti-P-selectin mAb. Remarkably, flow cytometric analysis revealed that the frequency of interferon-gamma-producing natural killer T (NKT) cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage was decreased in E-selectin-/- mice and E-selectin-/- mice treated with anti-P-selectin mAb compared with wild-type mice. Moreover, the majority of NKT cells expressed high levels of CXCR3, suggesting that NKT cell infiltration is also dependent on CXCR3 expression. These results suggest that E- and P-selectins synergistically inhibit lung fibrosis by promoting the recruitment of NKT cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/toxicity
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Bleomycin/pharmacology
- Bleomycin/toxicity
- Collagen/immunology
- Collagen/metabolism
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- E-Selectin/genetics
- E-Selectin/immunology
- E-Selectin/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/pathology
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- P-Selectin/genetics
- P-Selectin/immunology
- P-Selectin/metabolism
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/chemically induced
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/genetics
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/immunology
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/metabolism
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/immunology
- Receptors, CXCR3
- Receptors, Chemokine/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Chemokine/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuka Horikawa
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
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48
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Chen SHT, Chang TC, Chen LMJ, Hou-Hsun Chen P, Huang CY, Wei FC. The effects of anti-P-selectin antibody on leucocyte activity related to cigarette smoke in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 40:1-7. [PMID: 16428206 DOI: 10.1080/02844310500410153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine-induced expression of P-selectin is implicated in endothelial cell damage related to smoking. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: two experimental and one control. Both experimental groups were exposed to cigarette smoke for four weeks, but one group was also given anti-P-selectin antibody (100 microg IgG per 100 g body weight) intravenously. Rolling and adhesion leucocytes within the microcirculation of the cremaster muscle were measured. The urine cotinine concentrations of rats exposed to smoke were 612 ng/ml higher than those of non-smokers. Both rolling and adherent leucocytes were highest and steady in the group given anti-P-selectin antibody at about 50 and 10, respectively. There was a significant drop in both rolling and adherent leucocytes (31 to 4 and 5 to 2) after the anti-P-selectin antibody had been given. However, this effect was short-lived as both increased above those at 35 minutes by 120 minutes (p<0.001). The increase in leucocyte rolling and adherence caused by smoking can be lowered by giving anti-P-selectin antibody. The effective period in rats was two hours, with the maximal effect one hour after injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Huan-Tang Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung University and Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, 199 Tung Hwa North Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
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49
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Anderson SI, Shiner R, Brown MD, Hudlicka O. ICAM-1 expression and leukocyte behavior in the microcirculation of chronically ischemic rat skeletal muscles. Microvasc Res 2006; 71:205-11. [PMID: 16647725 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2006.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2005] [Revised: 02/22/2006] [Accepted: 03/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In muscle microcirculation, short periods of ischemia followed by reperfusion are known to upregulate leukocyte and endothelial adhesion molecules, but little is known about leukocyte adherence and ICAM-1 expression during chronic ischemia or any likely effect of muscle activity which is recommended in chronic ischemia due to peripheral arterial disease. Leukocyte rolling and stationary adhesion were observed in post-capillary venules in ischemic and contralateral rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles 3 and 7 days after unilateral ligation of the common iliac artery and in 3-day ischemic EDLs that were electrically stimulated on days 1 and 2 post-ligation (7 x 15 min per day). ICAM-1 was localized immunohistochemically to venular vessels in all muscles. Following ligation, use of the ischemic leg was observed to be restricted for the first 3 days, returning to normal by 7 days. After 3 days, leukocyte rolling/adherence and ICAM-1 expression were no different in ischemic than control muscles, but all were increased in contralateral muscles. In ischemic muscles, electrical stimulation doubled the numbers of rolling leukocytes and upregulated ICAM-1 expression. After 7 days, increased muscle activity as a result of natural movement also resulted in greater ICAM-1 expression, a 4- to 5-fold increase in rolling leukocyte numbers and a 3-fold increase in stationary adherent leukocytes. Chronic ischemia thus increases ICAM-1 and leukocyte adherence in muscle microcirculation only when combined with contractile activity. Post-capillary venular endothelium may be modified by muscle acidosis when contractions are performed under low flow conditions or by changes in rheological (shear force) factors.
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50
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Nieminen M, Henttinen T, Merinen M, Marttila-Ichihara F, Eriksson JE, Jalkanen S. Vimentin function in lymphocyte adhesion and transcellular migration. Nat Cell Biol 2006; 8:156-62. [PMID: 16429129 DOI: 10.1038/ncb1355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2005] [Accepted: 01/04/2006] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Although the adhesive interactions of leukocytes with endothelial cells are well understood, little is known about the detailed mechanisms underlying the actual migration of leukocytes across the endothelium (diapedesis). Leukocytes have been shown to use both paracellular and transcellular routes for transendothelial migration. Here we show that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs; T- and B-lymphocytes) preferentially use the transcellular route. The intermediate filaments of both endothelial cells and lymphocytes formed a highly dynamic anchoring structure at the site of contact between these two cell types. The initiation of this process was markedly reduced in vimentin-deficient (vim(-/-)) PBMCs and endothelial cells. When compared with wild-type PBMCs, vim(-/-) PBMCs showed a markedly reduced capacity to home to mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen. Furthermore, endothelial integrity was compromised in vim(-/-) mice, demonstrating that intermediate filaments also regulate the barrier that governs leukocyte extravasation. Absence of vimentin resulted in highly aberrant expression and distribution of surface molecules critical for homing (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on endothelial cells and integrin-beta1 on PBMCs). These data show that intermediate filaments are active in lymphocyte adhesion and transmigration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Nieminen
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Abo Akademi University, P.O.Box 123, FIN- 20521 Turku, Finland
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