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Zhang Z, Zheng Y, Zhang B, Wang R, Chen L, Wang Y, Feng W, Zheng X, Li K, Zhou N. Untargeted serum and gastric metabolomics and network pharmacology analysis reveal the superior efficacy of zingiberis rhizoma recens-/euodiae fructus-processed Coptidis Rhizoma on gastric ulcer rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 332:118376. [PMID: 38782310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zingiberis rhizoma recens-/wine-/euodiae fructus-processed Coptidis Rhizoma (CR, zCR/wCR/eCR) are the commonly used processed products of CR in clinic. After being processed with different excipients, the efficacy of CR will change accordingly. I.e., wCR could resolve excessive heat of the upper energizer, zCR could eliminate gastric heat and harmonize the stomach, eCR could smooth the liver and harmonize the stomach. However, the underlying mechanisms were still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To further verify the differential efficacy of the three processed CR products and compare the mechanisms on gastric ulcer. MATERIAL AND METHODS First, a GU model, whose onset is closely related to the heat in stomach and the disharmony between liver and stomach, was established, and the therapeutic effects of zCR/wCR/eCR/CR were evaluated by pathologic observation and measurement of cytokine levels. Second, metabolomics analysis and network pharmacology were conducted to reveal the differential intervening mechanism of zCR/eCR on GU. Third, the predicted mechanisms from metabolomics analysis and network pharmacology were validated using western blotting, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. RESULTS zCR/wCR/eCR/CR could alleviate the pathologic damage to varying degrees. In metabolomics research, fewer metabolic pathways were enriched in serum samples, and most of them were also present in the results of gastric tissue samples. The gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects of zCR/wCR/eCR/CR might be due to their interference on histidine, arachidonic acid, and glycerophospholipids metabolism. Quantitative results indicated that zCR/eCR had a better therapeutic effect than wCR/CR in treating GU. A comprehensive analysis of metabolomics and network pharmacology revealed that zCR and eCR exerted anti-GU effects via intervening in five core targets, including AKT, TNF, IL6, IL1B and PPARG. In the validation experiment, zCR/eCR could significantly reverse the abnormal expression of proteins related to apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, gastric function, as well as the PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. CONCLUSION zCR and eCR could offer gastroprotective benefits by resisting inflammation and apoptosis, inhibiting gastric-acid secretion, as well as strengthening gastric mucosal defense and antioxidant capacity. Integrating network pharmacology and metabolomics analysis could reveal the acting mechanism of drugs and promote the development of medications to counteract GU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkai Zhang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Yajuan Zheng
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Bingxian Zhang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Ruifeng Wang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Long Chen
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Weisheng Feng
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases By Henan & Education Ministry of PR China, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China.
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases By Henan & Education Ministry of PR China, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China.
| | - Kai Li
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China.
| | - Ning Zhou
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases By Henan & Education Ministry of PR China, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China.
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Umumararungu T, Gahamanyi N, Mukiza J, Habarurema G, Katandula J, Rugamba A, Kagisha V. Proline, a unique amino acid whose polymer, polyproline II helix, and its analogues are involved in many biological processes: a review. Amino Acids 2024; 56:50. [PMID: 39182198 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-024-03410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Proline is a unique amino acid in that its side-chain is cyclised to the backbone, thus giving proline an exceptional rigidity and a considerably restricted conformational space. Polyproline forms two well-characterized helical structures: a left-handed polyproline helix (PPII) and a right-handed polyproline helix (PPI). Usually, sequences made only of prolyl residues are in PPII conformation, but even sequences not rich in proline but which are rich in glycine, lysine, glutamate, or aspartate have also a tendency to form PPII helices. Currently, the only way to study unambiguously PPII structure in solution is to use spectroscopies based on optical activity such as circular dichroism, vibrational circular dichroism and Raman optical activity. The importance of the PPII structure is emphasized by its ubiquitous presence in different organisms from yeast to human beings where proline-rich motifs and their binding domains are believed to be involved in vital biological processes. Some of the domains that are bound by proline-rich motifs include SH3 domains, WW domains, GYF domains and UEV domains, etc. The PPII structure has been demonstrated to be essential to biological activities such as signal transduction, transcription, cell motility, and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théoneste Umumararungu
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.
| | - Noël Gahamanyi
- Department of Biology, School of Science, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
- Rwanda Biomedical Center, Microbiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Janvier Mukiza
- Rwanda Food and Drugs Authority, Nyarutarama Plaza, KG 9 Avenue, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Gratien Habarurema
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Jonathan Katandula
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Alexis Rugamba
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Vedaste Kagisha
- Department of Pharmaceuticals and Biomolecules Analysis, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
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Rogan CJ, Pang YY, Mathews SD, Turner SE, Weisberg AJ, Lehmann S, Rentsch D, Anderson JC. Transporter-mediated depletion of extracellular proline directly contributes to plant pattern-triggered immunity against a bacterial pathogen. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7048. [PMID: 39147739 PMCID: PMC11327374 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51244-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants possess cell surface-localized immune receptors that detect microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and initiate defenses that provide effective resistance against microbial pathogens. Many MAMP-induced signaling pathways and cellular responses are known, yet how pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) limits pathogen growth in plants is poorly understood. Through a combined metabolomics and genetics approach, we discovered that plant-exuded proline is a virulence-inducing signal and nutrient for the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, and that MAMP-induced depletion of proline from the extracellular spaces of Arabidopsis leaves directly contributes to PTI against P. syringae. We further show that MAMP-induced depletion of extracellular proline requires the amino acid transporter Lysine Histidine Transporter 1 (LHT1). This study demonstrates that depletion of a single extracellular metabolite is an effective component of plant induced immunity. Given the important role for amino acids as nutrients for microbial growth, their depletion at sites of infection may be a broadly effective means for defense against many pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conner J Rogan
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Yin-Yuin Pang
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Sophie D Mathews
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Sydney E Turner
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Alexandra J Weisberg
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Silke Lehmann
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Doris Rentsch
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey C Anderson
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
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Registre C, Silva LM, Registre F, Soares RDDOA, Rubio KTS, Carneiro SP, Dos Santos ODH. Targeting Leishmania Promastigotes and Amastigotes Forms through Amino Acids and Peptides: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:2467-2484. [PMID: 38950147 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide are affected by leishmaniasis, caused by the Leishmania parasite. Effective treatment is challenging due to the biological complexity of the parasite, drug toxicity, and increasing resistance to conventional drugs. To combat this disease, the development of specific strategies to target and selectively eliminate the parasite is crucial. This Review highlights the importance of amino acids in the developmental stages of Leishmania as a factor determining whether the infection progresses or is suppressed. It also explores the use of peptides as alternatives in parasite control and the development of novel targeted treatments. While these strategies show promise for more effective and targeted treatment, further studies to address the remaining challenges are imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charmante Registre
- Phytotechnology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais 35400000, Brazil
| | - Luciana Miranda Silva
- Phytotechnology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais 35400000, Brazil
| | - Farah Registre
- School of Medicine, Goiás Federal University, Goiânia, Goiás 74605-050, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Dian de Oliveira Aguiar Soares
- Immunopathology Laboratory, Center for Research in Biological Sciences/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais 35400000, Brazil
| | - Karina Taciana Santos Rubio
- Toxicology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais 35400000, Brazil
| | - Simone Pinto Carneiro
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Rojas-Vargas J, Rebollar EA, Sanchez-Flores A, Pardo-López L. A comparative genomic study of a hydrocarbon-degrading marine bacterial consortium. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303363. [PMID: 39116055 PMCID: PMC11309472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Ocean oil pollution has a large impact on the environment and the health of living organisms. Bioremediation cleaning strategies are promising eco-friendly alternatives for tackling this problem. Previously, we designed and reported a hydrocarbon (HC) degrading microbial consortium of four marine strains belonging to the species Alloalcanivorax xenomutans, Halopseudomonas aestusnigri, Paenarthrobacter sp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, the knowledge about the metabolic potential of this bacterial consortium for HC bioremediation is not yet well understood. Here, we analyzed the complete genomes of these marine bacterial strains accompanied by a phylogenetic reconstruction along with 138 bacterial strains. Synteny between complete genomes of the same species or genus, revealed high conservation among strains of the same species, covering over 91% of their genomic sequences. Functional predictions highlighted a high abundance of genes related to HC degradation, which may result in functional redundancy within the consortium; however, unique and complete gene clusters linked to aromatic degradation were found in the four genomes, suggesting substrate specialization. Pangenome gain and loss analysis of genes involved in HC degradation provided insights into the evolutionary history of these capabilities, shedding light on the acquisition and loss of relevant genes related to alkane and aromatic degradation. Our work, including comparative genomic analyses, identification of secondary metabolites, and prediction of HC-degrading genes, enhances our understanding of the functional diversity and ecological roles of these marine bacteria in crude oil-contaminated marine environments and contributes to the applied knowledge of bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Rojas-Vargas
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Eria A. Rebollar
- Programa de Microbiología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Sanchez-Flores
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Unidad Universitaria de Secuenciación Masiva y Bioinformática, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Liliana Pardo-López
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Wei P, Sun W, Hao S, Deng L, Zou W, Wu H, Lu W, He Y. Dietary Supplementation of Crossbred Pigs with Glycerol, Vitamin C, and Niacinamide Alters the Composition of Gut Flora and Gut Flora-Derived Metabolites. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2198. [PMID: 39123724 PMCID: PMC11311027 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The addition of glycerin, vitamin C, and niacinamide to pig diets increased the redness of longissimus dorsi; however, it remains unclear how these supplements affect gut microbiota and metabolites. A total of 84 piglets (20.35 ± 2.14 kg) were randomly allotted to groups A (control), B (glycerin-supplemented), C (vitamin C and niacinamide-supplemented), and D (glycerin, vitamin C and niacinamide-supplemented) during a feeding experiment. Metagenomic and metabolomic technologies were used to analyze the fecal compositions of bile acids, metabolites, and microbiota. The results showed that compared to pigs in group A, pigs in group D had lower virulence factor expressions of lipopolysaccharide (p < 0.05), fatty acid resistance system (p < 0.05), and capsule (p < 0.01); higher fecal levels of ferric ion (p < 0.05), allolithocholic acid (p < 0.01), deoxycholic acid (p < 0.05), tauroursodeoxycholic acid dihydrate (p < 0.01), glycodeoxycholic acid (p < 0.05), L-proline (p < 0.01) and calcitriol (p < 0.01); and higher (p < 0.05) abundances of iron-acquiring microbiota (Methanobrevibacter, Clostridium, Clostridiaceae, Clostridium_sp_CAG_1000, Faecalibacterium_sp_CAG_74_58_120, Eubacteriales_Family_XIII_Incertae_Sedis, Alistipes_sp_CAG_435, Alistipes_sp_CAG_514 and Methanobrevibacter_sp_YE315). Supplementation with glycerin, vitamin C, and niacinamide to pigs significantly promoted the growth of iron-acquiring microbiota in feces, reduced the expression of some virulence factor genes of fecal pathogens, and increased the fecal levels of ferric ion, L-proline, and some secondary bile acids. The administration of glycerol, vitamin C, and niacinamide to pigs may serve as an effective measure for muscle redness improvement by altering the compositions of fecal microbiota and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panting Wei
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (P.W.); (W.S.); (S.H.); (L.D.); (W.Z.); (W.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China;
| | - Wenchen Sun
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (P.W.); (W.S.); (S.H.); (L.D.); (W.Z.); (W.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China;
| | - Shaobin Hao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (P.W.); (W.S.); (S.H.); (L.D.); (W.Z.); (W.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China;
| | - Linglan Deng
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (P.W.); (W.S.); (S.H.); (L.D.); (W.Z.); (W.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China;
| | - Wanjie Zou
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (P.W.); (W.S.); (S.H.); (L.D.); (W.Z.); (W.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China;
| | - Huadong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China;
| | - Wei Lu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (P.W.); (W.S.); (S.H.); (L.D.); (W.Z.); (W.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China;
| | - Yuyong He
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (P.W.); (W.S.); (S.H.); (L.D.); (W.Z.); (W.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China;
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Kanwal B, Tanwir S, Ahmad F, Ahmad JN. Jasmonic Acid and Salicylic Acid improved resistance against Spodoptera frugiperda Infestation in maize by modulating growth and regulating redox homeostasis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16823. [PMID: 39039220 PMCID: PMC11263373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Exploring host plant resistance and elevating plant defense mechanisms through the application of exogenous elicitors stands as a promising strategy for integrated pest management. The fall armyworm, a pernicious menace to grain crops in tropical and subtropical regions, stands as a formidable threat due to its capacity for devastation and a wide-ranging spectrum of host plants. There is no literature regarding artificially induced resistance in maize against fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) by exogenous application of phytohormones. The present investigation was performed to evaluate the role of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) on two maize hybrids namely FH-1046 and YH-1898 against fall armyworm. Results showed that plant height, biomass and lengths, fresh and dry weight of root shoot which decreased with armyworm infestation improved with phytohormonal application. JA treatment resulted in a higher increase in all attributes as compared to SA treatment. Improvement in relative water contents, photosynthetic pigments and pronounced levels of phenol and proline accumulation were observed in infested plants after JA treatment. Infested plants recovered from oxidative stress as JA application activated and increased the antioxidant enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity in both FH-1046 and YH-1898 . The oxidative stress reduction in infested plants after JA treatment was also evident from a fair decrease in MDA and H2O2 in both varieties. The SA and JA mediated genes expression was studied and it was found that in FH1046 maize cultivar, JA dependent genes, particularly marker genes PR1 and Lox5 were highly expressed along with TPS10 and BBT12. Whereas SPI, WRKY28, ICS and PAL were shown to be activated upon SA application. Evidently, both JA and SA elicited a robust defensive response within the maize plants against the voracious S. frugiperda, which in consequence exerted a discernible influence over the pest's developmental trajectory and physiological dynamics. A decrease in detoxification enzyme activity of the insects was observed after feeding on treated plants. Moreover, it was recorded that the survival and weight gain of FAW feeding on phytohormone treated maize plants also decelerated. In conclusion, FH-1046 was found to be more tolerant than YH-1898 against fall armyworm infestation and 1 mM JA was more effective than 1 mM SA for alleviation of fall armyworm stress. Therefore, it was inferred that phytohormones regulated redox homeostasis to circumvent oxidative damage and mediate essential metabolic events in maize under stress. To our current understanding, this study is the very first presentation of induced resistance in maize against S. frugiperda with the phytohormonal application (JA and SA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilqees Kanwal
- Plant Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Samina Tanwir
- Plant Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Farooq Ahmad
- Plant Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Jam Nazeer Ahmad
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Jose A, Mathew M, Mathew AS, Aswani R, Vimal J, Premnath M, Kanoth BP, Reshmy R, Radhakrishnan EK. Cinnamon essential oil induced microbial stress metabolome indicates its active food packaging efficiency when incorporated into poly vinyl alcohol, engineered with zinc oxide nanoparticles and nanocellulose. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134115. [PMID: 39047996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
In the study, Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) films engineered with the nanoparticles and essential oils have been developed as efficient alternative to the currently used food packaging materials. For this, impact of cinnamon essential oil (CEO), on the metabolomic profile of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus flavus was analysed. Subsequently, PVA based nanocomposite films CEO, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs), and nanocellulose (NC) were synthesised and characterized by FT-IR analysis. By the GC-MS analysis. The presence of ZnONPs enhanced the release of cinnamaldehyde from 31.16 to 44.23 and further enhancement to 71.82 was seen the presence of nanocellulose. The incorporation of NPs was found to enhance the hydrodynamic and mechanical properties of the prepared films. The final developed films, PZNCCEO, showed the least values for WHC and MC which were 56.31 ± 2.12 % and 13.30 ± 0 % respectively. Antimicrobial efficacy could also be demonstrated through the observation on changes in the morphological features of treated S. aureus and E. coli by the FE-SEM. Finally, the developed nanocomposite film was found to have the potential for food packaging as demonstrated through the protection of corn kernals and Vigna unguiculata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashitha Jose
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Maya Mathew
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Asha S Mathew
- Department of Biochemistry, BK College for Women, Amalagiri, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - R Aswani
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Joseph Vimal
- Research Centre, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Manjusha Premnath
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Bipinbal Parambath Kanoth
- Department of Polymer Science and Rubber Technology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682022, Kerala, India
| | - R Reshmy
- Department of Science and Humanities, Providence College of Engineering, Chengannur 689122, Kerala, India
| | - E K Radhakrishnan
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
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Thompson MEH, Raizada MN. The Microbiome of Fertilization-Stage Maize Silks (Style) Encodes Genes and Expresses Traits That Potentially Promote Survival in Pollen/Style Niches and Host Reproduction. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1473. [PMID: 39065240 PMCID: PMC11278993 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Within flowers, the style channel receives pollen and transmits male gametes inside elongating pollen tubes to ovules. The styles of maize/corn are called silks. Fertilization-stage silks possess complex microbiomes, which may partially derive from pollen. These microbiomes lack functional analysis. We hypothesize that fertilization-stage silk microbiomes promote host fertilization to ensure their own vertical transmission. We further hypothesize that these microbes encode traits to survive stresses within the silk (water/nitrogen limitation) and pollen (dehydration/aluminum) habitats. Here, bacteria cultured from fertilization-stage silks of 14 North American maize genotypes underwent genome mining and functional testing, which revealed osmoprotection, nitrogen-fixation, and aluminum-tolerance traits. Bacteria contained auxin biosynthesis genes, and testing confirmed indole compound secretion, which is relevant, since pollen delivers auxin to silks to stimulate egg cell maturation. Some isolates encoded biosynthetic/transport compounds known to regulate pollen tube guidance/growth. The isolates encoded ACC deaminase, which degrades the precursor for ethylene that otherwise accelerates silk senescence. The findings suggest that members of the microbiome of fertilization-stage silks encode adaptations to survive the stress conditions of silk/pollen and have the potential to express signaling compounds known to impact reproduction. Overall, whereas these microbial traits have traditionally been assumed to primarily promote vegetative plant growth, this study proposes they may also play selfish roles during host reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manish N. Raizada
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
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Moulding PB, El-Halfawy OM. Chemical-mediated virulence: the effects of host chemicals on microbial virulence and potential new antivirulence strategies. Can J Microbiol 2024. [PMID: 38905704 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2024-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The rising antimicrobial resistance rates and declining antimicrobial discovery necessitate alternative strategies to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens. Targeting microbial virulence is an emerging area of interest. Traditionally, virulence factors were largely restricted to bacteria-derived toxins, adhesins, capsules, quorum sensing systems, secretion systems, factors required to sense, respond to, acquire, or synthesize, and utilize trace elements (such as iron and other metals) and micronutrients (such as vitamins), and other factors bacteria use to establish infection, form biofilms, or damage the host tissues and regulatory elements thereof. However, this traditional definition overlooks bacterial virulence that may be induced or influenced by host-produced metabolites or other chemicals that bacteria may encounter at the infection site. This review will discuss virulence from a non-traditional perspective, shedding light on chemical-mediated host-pathogen interactions and outlining currently available mechanistic insight into increased bacterial virulence in response to host factors. This review aims to define a possibly underestimated theme of chemically mediated host-pathogen interactions and encourage future validation and characterization of the contribution of host chemicals to microbial virulence in vivo. From this perspective, we discuss proposed antivirulence compounds and suggest new potential targets for antimicrobials that prevent chemical-mediated virulence. We also explore proposed host-targeting therapeutics reducing the level of host chemicals that induce microbial virulence, serving as virulence attenuators. Understanding the host chemical-mediated virulence may enable new antimicrobial solutions to fight multidrug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peri B Moulding
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Omar M El-Halfawy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
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Suriyanarayanan T, Lee LS, Han SHY, Ching J, Seneviratne CJ. Targeted metabolomics analysis approach to unravel the biofilm formation pathways of Enterococcus faecalis clinical isolates. Int Endod J 2024. [PMID: 38888425 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
AIM (i) To characterize Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formation pathways by semi-targeted metabolomics and targeted nitrogen panel analysis of strong (Ef63) and weak (Ef 64) biofilm forming E. faecalis clinical isolates and (ii) to validate the identified metabolic markers using targeted inhibitors. METHODOLOGY Previous proteomics profiling of E. faecalis clinical isolates with strong and weak biofilm formation revealed that differences in metabolic activity levels of small molecule, nucleotide and nitrogen compound metabolic processes and biosynthetic pathways, cofactor metabolic process, cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process and lyase activity were associated with differences in biofilm formation. Hence, semi-targeted analysis of Ef 63, Ef 64 and ATC control strain Ef 29212 was performed by selecting metabolites that were part of both the previously identified pathways and a curated library with confirmed physical and chemical identity, followed by confirmatory targeted nitrogen panel analysis. Significantly regulated metabolites (p < .05) were selected based on fold change cut-offs of 1.2 and 0.8 for upregulation and downregulation, respectively, and subjected to pathway enrichment analysis. The identified metabolites and pathways were validated by minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) and colony forming unit (CFU) assays with targeted inhibitors. RESULTS Metabolomics analysis showed upregulation of betaine, hypoxanthine, glycerophosphorylcholine, tyrosine, inosine, allantoin and citrulline in Ef 63 w.r.t Ef 64 and Ef 29212, and thesemetabolites mapped to purinemetabolism, urea cycle and aspartate metabolism pathways. MBIC and CFU assays using compounds against selected metabolites and metabolic pathways, namely glutathione against hypoxanthine and hydroxylamine against aspartate metabolism showed inhibitory effects against E. faecalis biofilm formation. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated the importance of oxidative stress inducers such as hypoxanthine and aspartate metabolism pathway in E. faecalis biofilm formation. Targeted therapeutics against these metabolic markers can reduce the healthcare burden associated with E. faecalis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanujaa Suriyanarayanan
- Singapore Oral Multiomics Initiative (SOMI), National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Oral Health ACP, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lye Siang Lee
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sharon Hong Yu Han
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianhong Ching
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- KK Research Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chaminda J Seneviratne
- Singapore Oral Multiomics Initiative (SOMI), National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Rubin-Blum M, Makovsky Y, Rahav E, Belkin N, Antler G, Sisma-Ventura G, Herut B. Active microbial communities facilitate carbon turnover in brine pools found in the deep Southeastern Mediterranean Sea. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 198:106497. [PMID: 38631226 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Discharge of gas-rich brines fuels productive chemosynthetic ecosystems in the deep sea. In these salty, methanic and sulfidic brines, microbial communities adapt to specific niches along the physicochemical gradients. However, the molecular mechanisms that underpin these adaptations are not fully known. Using metagenomics, we investigated the dense (∼106 cell ml-1) microbial communities that occupy small deep-sea brine pools found in the Southeastern Mediterranean Sea (1150 m water depth, ∼22 °C, ∼60 PSU salinity, sulfide, methane, ammonia reaching millimolar levels, and oxygen usually depleted), reaching high productivity rates of 685 μg C L-1 d-1 ex-situ. We curated 266 metagenome-assembled genomes of bacteria and archaea from the several pools and adjacent sediment-water interface, highlighting the dominance of a single Sulfurimonas, which likely fuels its autotrophy using sulfide oxidation or inorganic sulfur disproportionation. This lineage may be dominant in its niche due to genome streamlining, limiting its metabolic repertoire, particularly by using a single variant of sulfide: quinone oxidoreductase. These primary producers co-exist with ANME-2c archaea that catalyze the anaerobic oxidation of methane. Other lineages can degrade the necromass aerobically (Halomonas and Alcanivorax), or anaerobically through fermentation of macromolecules (e.g., Caldatribacteriota, Bipolaricaulia, Chloroflexota, etc). These low-abundance organisms likely support the autotrophs, providing energy-rich H2, and vital organics such as vitamin B12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Rubin-Blum
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel; The Department of Marine Biology, Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Yizhaq Makovsky
- The Dr. Moses Strauss Department of Marine Geosciences, Charney School of Marine Sciences , University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; The Hatter Department of Marine Technologies, Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eyal Rahav
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
| | - Natalia Belkin
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gilad Antler
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences, Eilat, Israel
| | - Guy Sisma-Ventura
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
| | - Barak Herut
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel; The Dr. Moses Strauss Department of Marine Geosciences, Charney School of Marine Sciences , University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Guida M, Tammaro C, Quaranta M, Salvucci B, Biava M, Poce G, Consalvi S. Amino Acid Biosynthesis Inhibitors in Tuberculosis Drug Discovery. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:725. [PMID: 38931847 PMCID: PMC11206623 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the latest World Health Organization (WHO) report, an estimated 10.6 million people were diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) in 2022, and 1.30 million died. A major concern is the emergence of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains, fueled by the length of anti-TB treatment and HIV comorbidity. Innovative anti-TB agents acting with new modes of action are the only solution to counteract the spread of resistant infections. To escape starvation and survive inside macrophages, Mtb has evolved to become independent of the host by synthesizing its own amino acids. Therefore, targeting amino acid biosynthesis could subvert the ability of the mycobacterium to evade the host immune system, providing innovative avenues for drug discovery. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the most recent progress in the discovery of amino acid biosynthesis inhibitors. Among the hits discovered over the past five years, tryptophan (Trp) inhibitors stand out as the most advanced and have significantly contributed to demonstrating the feasibility of this approach for future TB drug discovery. Future efforts should be directed at prioritizing the chemical optimization of these hits to enrich the TB drug pipeline with high-quality leads.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Giovanna Poce
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drug, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (C.T.); (M.Q.); (B.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Sara Consalvi
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drug, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (C.T.); (M.Q.); (B.S.); (M.B.)
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Chen Z, Suo Y, Du X, Zhao X. Genetically predicted N-methylhydroxyproline levels mediate the association between naive CD8+ T cells and allergic rhinitis: a mediation Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1396246. [PMID: 38846949 PMCID: PMC11153669 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1396246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Allergic rhinitis (AR), a prevalent chronic inflammatory condition triggered by immunoglobulin E (IgE), involves pivotal roles of immune and metabolic factors in its onset and progression. However, the intricacies and uncertainties in clinical research render current investigations into their interplay somewhat inadequate. Objective To elucidate the causal relationships between immune cells, metabolites, and AR, we conducted a mediation Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods Leveraging comprehensive publicly accessible summary-level data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), this study employed the two-sample MR research method to investigate causal relationships among 731 immune cell phenotypes, 1400 metabolite levels, and AR. Additionally, employing the mediation MR approach, the study analyzed potential mediated effect of metabolites in the relationships between immune cells and AR. Various sensitivity analysis methods were systematically employed to ensure the robustness of the results. Results Following false discovery rate (FDR) correction, we identified three immune cell phenotypes as protective factors for AR: Naive CD8br %CD8br (odds ratio (OR): 0.978, 95% CI = 0.966-0.990, P = 4.5×10-4), CD3 on CD39+ activated Treg (OR: 0.947, 95% CI = 0.923-0.972, P = 3×10-5), HVEM on CD45RA- CD4+ (OR: 0.967, 95% CI = 0.948-0.986, P = 4×10-5). Additionally, three metabolite levels were identified as risk factors for AR: N-methylhydroxyproline levels (OR: 1.219, 95% CI = 1.104-1.346, P = 9×10-5), N-acetylneuraminate levels (OR: 1.133, 95% CI = 1.061-1.211, P = 1.7×10-4), 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-gpc (18:0/20:4) levels (OR: 1.058, 95% CI = 1.029-1.087, P = 5×10-5). Mediation MR analysis indicated a causal relationship between Naive CD8br %CD8br and N-methylhydroxyproline levels, acting as a protective factor (OR: 0.971, 95% CI = 0.950-0.992, P = 8.31×10-3). The mediated effect was -0.00574, accounting for 26.1% of the total effect, with a direct effect of -0.01626. Naive CD8+ T cells exert a protective effect on AR by reducing N-methylhydroxyproline levels. Conclusion Our study, delving into genetic information, has substantiated the intricate connection between immune cell phenotypes and metabolite levels with AR. This reveals a potential pathway to prevent the onset of AR, providing guiding directions for future clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Chen
- Clinical School of Thoracic, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Suo
- Clinical School of Thoracic, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xintao Du
- Clinical School of Thoracic, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhao
- Clinical School of Thoracic, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chest Hospital of Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- DeepinBreath Union Laboratory, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
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15
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Sharma A, Verma K, Kumar A, Rani S, Chauhan K, Battan B, Kumar R. Delineating the role of host plants in regulating the water and salinity stress induced changes in sandalwood roots. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:133. [PMID: 38660477 PMCID: PMC11035507 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03979-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The interaction of root hemi-parasite (sandalwood) with its hosts is crucial for establishing successful plantations under abiotic stresses. In the present study, we explored the best possible host for sandalwood along with its effect on sandalwood physiology in terms of water and nutrients. Interactive effects of host species (Alternanthera sp., Azadirachta indica, Dalbergia sissoo, Melia dubia, and Aquilaria malaccensis) with sandalwood were observed under eight treatments {100% best available water (BAW); 100% BAW + nutrient medium; 50% water deficit; 50% water deficit + nutrient medium; 100% saline water (ECiw 8ds/m); 100% saline water (ECiw 8ds/m) + nutrient medium; 50% water deficit + saline water (ECiw 8ds/m); and 50% water deficit + saline water (ECiw 8ds/m) + nutrient medium}. A significant change in morpho-physiological traits of sandalwood roots was observed under different stress conditions, which were slightly improved through external supply of nutrient medium. Dalbergia sissoo (Shisham) and Melia dubia (Dek) seemed to be the best host plants providing better environment for sandalwood growth and development, i.e., higher plant height (59.7 and 53.68 cm) and collar diameter (3.24 and 3.07 mm) under stresses by maintaining water and ionic balance. Root length is an important parameter that was reduced by 27.58%, 19.22%, and 36.3% under water deficit, salinity, and combined stress of water deficit and salinity. Sandalwood grown with D. sissoo and M. dubia maintained the lowest Ψw (- 1.38 MPa) and Ψs (- 1.47 and - 1.48 MPa), respectively. In addition, sandalwood cultivated with D. sissoo and A. indica had higher accumulation of soluble proteins (0.48 and 0.42 mg/g) and soluble sugars (98.56 and 91.04 mg/g) in their roots. Results also showed that sandalwood roots had higher K+/Na+ with compatible host, i.e., with A. indica (1.85) and D. sissoo (1.83) than other studied hosts. It was also observed that sandalwood plants could not grow and survive alone under stress conditions even with application of nutrient medium. Based on the morphological traits, it was observed that sandalwood grown with hosts, Dalbergia sissoo and Melia dubia, was able to tolerate stress conditions better than other studied hosts. We can further recommend growing sandalwood with D. sissoo and M. dubia as a viable option to endure adverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarju Sharma
- Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 India
- ICAR–Central Soil salinity Research Institute, Karnal, 132001 India
| | - Kamlesh Verma
- ICAR–Central Soil salinity Research Institute, Karnal, 132001 India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- ICAR–Central Soil salinity Research Institute, Karnal, 132001 India
| | - Sulekha Rani
- Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 India
| | | | - Bindu Battan
- Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 India
| | - Raj Kumar
- ICAR–Central Soil salinity Research Institute, Karnal, 132001 India
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Chen X, Long T, Huang S, Chen Y, Lu H, Jiang Z, Cheng C, Li J, Chen S, He W, Tang X, Fan J. Metabolomics-based study of chemical compositions in cellulase additives derived from a tobacco-origin Bacillus subtilis and their impact on tobacco sensory attributes. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:163. [PMID: 38483624 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03876-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
To enhance the quality of tobacco leaves and optimize the smoking experience, diverse strains of functional bacteria and their associated metabolites have been used in tobacco aging. Exogenous cellulase additives are frequently employed to facilitate the degradation of cellulose and other macromolecular matrices and enhance the quality of the tobacco product. However, little is known about how microbial metabolites present in exogenous enzyme additives affect tobacco quality. In this study, crude cellulase solutions, produced by a tobacco-originating bacterium Bacillus subtilis FX-1 were employed on flue-cured tobacco. The incorporation of cellulase solutions resulted in the reduction of cellulose crystallinity in tobacco and the enhancement of the overall sensory quality of tobacco. Notably, tobacco treated with cellulase obtained from laboratory flask fermentation demonstrated superior scent and flavor attributes in comparison to tobacco treated with enzymes derived from industrial bioreactor fermentation. The targeted and untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed the presence of diverse flavor-related precursors and components in the cellulase additives, encompassing sugars, alcohols, amino acids, organic acids, and others. The majority of these metabolites exhibited significantly higher levels in the flask group compared to the bioreactor group, probably contributing to a pronounced enhancement in the sensory quality of tobacco. Our findings suggest that the utilization of metabolic products derived from B. subtilis FX-1 as additives in flue-cured tobacco holds promise as a viable approach for enhancing sensory attributes, establishing a solid theoretical foundation for the potential development of innovative tobacco aging additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Chen
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Island Monitoring and Ecological Development, Island Research Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Pingtan, China
| | - Teng Long
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Fujian Industrial Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Shixin Huang
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Yiqiang Chen
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Fujian Industrial Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Hongliang Lu
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Fujian Industrial Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Zhenkun Jiang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Fujian Industrial Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Fujian Industrial Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Fujian Industrial Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Shanyi Chen
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Fujian Industrial Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Wei He
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Fujian Industrial Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Xu Tang
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Island Monitoring and Ecological Development, Island Research Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Pingtan, China.
| | - Jianqiang Fan
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Fujian Industrial Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China.
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Santiago KAA, Wong WC, Goh YK, Tey SH, Ting ASY. Pathogenicity of monokaryotic and dikaryotic mycelia of Ganoderma boninense revealed via LC-MS-based metabolomics. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5330. [PMID: 38438519 PMCID: PMC10912678 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This study compared the pathogenicity of monokaryotic (monokaryon) and dikaryotic (dikaryon) mycelia of the oil palm pathogen Ganoderma boninense via metabolomics approach. Ethyl acetate crude extracts of monokaryon and dikaryon were analysed by liquid chromatography quadrupole/time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (LC-Q/TOF-MS) coupled with multivariate data analysis using MetaboAnalyst. The mummichog algorithm was also used to identify the functional activities of monokaryon and dikaryon without a priori identification of all their secondary metabolites. Results revealed that monokaryon produced lesser fungal metabolites than dikaryon, suggesting that monokaryon had a lower possibility of inducing plant infection. These findings were further supported by the identified functional activities. Monokaryon exhibits tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan metabolism, which are important for fungal growth and development and to produce toxin precursors. In contrast, dikaryon exhibits the metabolism of cysteine and methionine, arginine and proline, and phenylalanine, which are important for fungal growth, development, virulence, and pathogenicity. As such, monokaryon is rendered non-pathogenic as it produces growth metabolites and toxin precursors, whereas dikaryon is pathogenic as it produces metabolites that are involved in fungal growth and pathogenicity. The LC-MS-based metabolomics approach contributes significantly to our understanding of the pathogenesis of Ganoderma boninense, which is essential for disease management in oil palm plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystle Angelique A Santiago
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Wei Chee Wong
- Advanced Agriecological Research Sdn. Bhd., 11 Jalan Teknologi 3/6, Taman Sains Selangor 1, Kota Damansara, 47810, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - You Keng Goh
- Advanced Agriecological Research Sdn. Bhd., 11 Jalan Teknologi 3/6, Taman Sains Selangor 1, Kota Damansara, 47810, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Seng Heng Tey
- Advanced Agriecological Research Sdn. Bhd., 11 Jalan Teknologi 3/6, Taman Sains Selangor 1, Kota Damansara, 47810, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Adeline Su Yien Ting
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Yin G, Sun Z, Wang Z, Xia Y, Cheng L, Qin G, Aschalew ND, Liu H, Zhang X, Wu Q, Zhang W, Zhao W, Wang T, Zhen Y. Mechanistic insights into inositol-mediated rumen function promotion and metabolic alteration using in vitro and in vivo models. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1359234. [PMID: 38435365 PMCID: PMC10904589 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1359234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Inositol is a bioactive factor that is widely found in nature; however, there are few studies on its use in ruminant nutrition. This study investigated the effects of different inositol doses and fermentation times on rumen fermentation and microbial diversity, as well as the levels of rumen and blood metabolites in sheep. Rumen fermentation parameters, microbial diversity, and metabolites after different inositol doses were determined in vitro. According to the in vitro results, six small-tailed Han sheep fitted with permanent rumen fistulas were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square feeding experiment where inositol was injected into the rumen twice a day and rumen fluid and blood samples were collected. The in vitro results showed that inositol could increase in vitro dry matter digestibility, in vitro crude protein digestibility, NH3-N, acetic acid, propionic acid, and rumen microbial diversity and affect rumen metabolic pathways (p < 0.05). The feeding experiment results showed that inositol increased the blood concentration of high-density lipoprotein and IgG, IgM, and IL-4 levels. The rumen microbial composition was significantly affected (p < 0.05). Differential metabolites in the rumen were mainly involved in ABC transporters, biotin metabolism, and phenylalanine metabolism, whereas those in the blood were mainly involved in arginine biosynthesis and glutathione and tyrosine metabolism. In conclusion, inositol improves rumen function, affects rumen microorganisms and rumen and blood metabolites and may reduce inflammation, improving animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guopei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Zhanqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanhong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Long Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Guixin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Natnael D. Aschalew
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Dilla University, Dila, Ethiopia
| | - Hongyun Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Qilu Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Weigang Zhang
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Yuguo Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
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Fan X, Rong H, Wang Y, Li M, Song W, Su A, Yu T. The correlation between serum total bile acid and alanine aminotransferase of pregnant women and the disorders of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia-related amino acid metabolism. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:26. [PMID: 38172739 PMCID: PMC10763467 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-06226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the association between liver metabolism-related indicators in maternal serum and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NHB), and further investigate the predictive value of these indicators in NHB-related amino acid metabolism disorders. METHODS 51 NHB and 182 No-NHB newborns and their mothers who treated in the Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang from 2018 to 2022 were participated in the study. The differences in clinical data were compared by the Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between maternal serum indicators and the occurrence of NHB. The correlation analysis and risk factor assessment of maternal serum indicators with NHB-related amino acid metabolic disorders were performed using Spearman correlation analysis and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Compared to the non NHB group, the NHB group had higher maternal serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), ALT/AST, and total bile acid (TBA), while lower levels of serum albumin (ALB), total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The levels of alanine (ALA), valine (VAL), ornithine (ORN), and proline (PRO) in the newborns were reduced in NHB group, while arginine (ARG) showed a tendency to be elevated. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that maternal ALT, AST, ALT/AST, and TBA levels were all at higher risk with the development of NHB, whereas ALB, TC, and HDL levels were negatively associated with NHB development. Increasing maternal TBA level was associated with lower ALA (r=-0.167, p = 0.011), VAL (r=-0.214, p = 0.001), ORN (r=-0.196, p = 0.003), and PRO in the newborns (r=-0.131, p = 0.045). Maternal ALT level was negatively associated with ALA (r=-0.135, p = 0.039), VAL (r=-0.177, p = 0.007), ORN (r=-0.257, p < 0.001), while ALT/AST was positively correlated with ARG (r = 0.133, p = 0.013). After adjustment for confounding factors, maternal serum TBA and ALT were the independent risk factor for neonatal ORN metabolic disorders [(adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.379, 95%CI = 0.188-0.762, p = 0.006), (AOR = 0.441, 95%CI = 0.211-0.922, p = 0.030)]. Maternal ALT level was an independent risk factor for neonatal VAL metabolic disorders (AOR = 0.454, 95%CI = 0.218-0.949, p = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS The levels of high TBA, ALT, AST, and low HDL, TC of maternal were associated with the risk of NHB. Maternal TBA and ALT levels were independent risk factors for NHB-related amino acid disturbances which have value as predictive makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizhenzi Fan
- Research center for clinical medical sciences, Hebei key laboratory of maternal and fetal medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Huijuan Rong
- Department of Nursing, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Functional Region of Diagnosis, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Mingwei Li
- Research center for clinical medical sciences, Hebei key laboratory of maternal and fetal medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Wenhui Song
- Research center for clinical medical sciences, Hebei key laboratory of maternal and fetal medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Achou Su
- Research center for clinical medical sciences, Hebei key laboratory of maternal and fetal medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Tianxiao Yu
- Research center for clinical medical sciences, Hebei key laboratory of maternal and fetal medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
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Liu Y, Dong Z, Chen K, Yang M, Shi N, Liao X. microRNA-mRNA Analysis Reveals Tissue-Specific Regulation of microRNA in Mangrove Clam ( Geloina erosa). BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1510. [PMID: 38132336 PMCID: PMC10740791 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Geloina erosa is an important benthic animal in the mangrove, serving as an indicator organism for coastal environmental pollution. This study aimed to investigate the tissue-specific expression of miRNAs and their regulatory roles in predicted targets in G. erosa. Through miRNA sequencing and co-expression network analysis, we extensively studied the miRNA expression in three tissues: gills, hepatopancreas, and muscle. The results revealed a total of 1412 miRNAs, comprising 1047 known miRNAs, and 365 newly predicted miRNAs. These miRNAs exhibited distinct tissue-specific expression patterns. In the miRNA target gene prediction, a total of 7404 potential predicted targets were identified, representing approximately 33% of all unique transcripts associated with miRNAs. Further co-expression network analysis revealed nine modules, each showing a positive correlation with specific tissues (gills, hepatopancreas, or muscle). The blue module showed a significant correlation with gills (r = 0.83, p-value = 0.006), the black module was significantly related to the hepatopancreas (r = 0.78, p-value = 0.01), and the purple module was significantly correlated with muscle (r = 0.83, p-value = 0.006). Within these modules, related miRNAs tended to cluster together, while their correlations with other modules were relatively weak. Functional enrichment analysis was performed on miRNAs and their predicted targets in each tissue. In the gills, miRNAs primarily regulate immune-related genes, substance transport, and cytoskeletal organization. In the hepatopancreas, miRNAs suppressed genes involved in shell formation and played a role in cellular motor activity and metabolism. In muscle, miRNAs participate in metabolism and photoreceptive processes, as well as immune regulation. In summary, this study provides valuable insights into the tissue-specific regulation of miRNAs in G. erosa, highlighting their potential roles in immune response, metabolism, and environmental adaptation. These findings offer important clues for understanding the molecular mechanisms and biological processes in G. erosa, laying the foundation for further validation and elucidation of these regulatory relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Liu
- School of Computer and Information Engineering, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (Z.D.)
| | - Ziheng Dong
- School of Computer and Information Engineering, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (Z.D.)
| | - Kun Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Mangrove Conservation and Utilization, Guangxi Academy of Marine Science (Guangxi Mangrove Research Center), Guangxi Academy of Science, Beihai 536007, China
| | - Mingliu Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Mangrove Conservation and Utilization, Guangxi Academy of Marine Science (Guangxi Mangrove Research Center), Guangxi Academy of Science, Beihai 536007, China
| | - Nianfeng Shi
- School of Computer and Information Engineering, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (Z.D.)
| | - Xin Liao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Mangrove Conservation and Utilization, Guangxi Academy of Marine Science (Guangxi Mangrove Research Center), Guangxi Academy of Science, Beihai 536007, China
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Deng Y, Zhu C, Jiang R, Yu C, Zhao J, Jiang X, Wen J. Salivary signatures of oral-brain communication in sleep bruxers. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1321855. [PMID: 38125907 PMCID: PMC10731308 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1321855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Microbiota and their interaction with hosts have been of great interest in brain research in recent years. However, the role of oral microbiota in mental illness and the underlying mechanism of oral-brain communication remains elusive. Sleep bruxism (SB) is an oral parafunctional activity related to the nervous system and is considered a risk factor for harmful clinical consequences and severe systemic conditions. Exploring the connection between oral microbiota and sleep bruxism may deepen our understanding of the complex relationship between oral-brain axis and provide insights for treatment. Methods In this study, salivary samples were collected from 22 individuals with SB and 21 healthy controls, and metagenomics with metabolomics was performed. Nonparametric Wilcoxon test were applied for the statistical analysis between the two groups. Microbial dysbiosis and altered oral metabolites were found in the SB individuals. Results The characteristic metabolite N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) (VIP=8.4823, P<0.05) was correlated to a statistically lower Streptococcus mitis level in SB individuals. Salivary IFN-g level and IFN-g/IL-4 ratio were detected with significant changes in a chip assay. Amino acid metabolism pathways were upregulated, and the pathway with the largest number of differentially expressed genes is related to amino-tRNA charging pathway, while the most significantly enriched pathway is related to arginine biosynthesis. Neurotransmitter-associated pathways with glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses and cardiovascular system-related pathways were enriched in the SB group. Discussion These results indicate a possible neuroimmune regulatory network of oral-brain communication in SB, which helps explain the mechanism of the oral microbiome with the host in sleep bruxers and provides a reference for early clinical and therapeutic intervention to improve the diagnosis and treatment of SB and similar diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Deng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyuan Zhu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixue Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhua Yu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Wen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China
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Yildiz I. Computational insights on the hydride and proton transfer mechanisms of L-proline dehydrogenase. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290901. [PMID: 37967056 PMCID: PMC10651016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
L-Proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) is a flavin-dependent oxidoreductase, which catalyzes the oxidation of L-proline to (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate. Based on the experimental studies, a stepwise proton and hydride transfer mechanism is supported. According to this mechanism, the amino group of L-proline is deprotonated by a nearby Lys residue, which is followed by the hydride transfer process from C5 position of L-proline to N5 position of isoalloxazine ring of FAD. It was concluded that the hydride transfer step is rate limiting in the reductive half-reaction, however, in the overall reaction, the oxidation of FAD is the rate limiting step. In this study, we performed a computational mechanistic investigation based on ONIOM method to elucidate the mechanism of the reductive half-reaction corresponding to the oxidation of L-proline into iminoproline. Our calculations support the stepwise mechanism in which the deprotonation occurs initially as a fast step as result of a proton transfer from L-proline to the Lys residue. Subsequently, a hydride ion transfers from L-proline to FAD with a higher activation barrier. The enzyme-product complex showed a strong interaction between reduced FAD and iminoproline, which might help to explain why a step in the oxidative half-reaction is rate-limiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Yildiz
- Chemistry Department and Applied Material Chemistry Center (AMCC), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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Ju J, Zhou B, Yang G, Fu X, Wang X, Guo L, Liu W. Study on the metabolic process of phthalic acid driven proliferation of Rhizoctonia solani. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1266916. [PMID: 37885668 PMCID: PMC10598758 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1266916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Continuous cropping obstacle seriously affects the quality and yield of Salvia miltiorrhiza, and the synergistic effect of root exudates and rhizosphere pathogenic microorganisms may be an important cause of continuous cropping obstacle. This study aimed to explore the effects of representative organic acids on the growth and metabolism of specific microorganisms in the S. miltiorrhiza rhizosphere soil under continuous cropping, and clarify its mechanism. Methods The effect of phthalic acid (PA) on the growth and metabolism of Rhizoctonia solani was evaluated by mycelial growth inhibition method. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry were used to identify the differential metabolites of R. solani induced by exogenous PA. Results PA exerted a concentration-dependent effect on mycelial growth, biomass, intracellular polysaccharides con-tent, and total protein content in R. solani. A total of 1773 metabolites and 1040 differential metabolites were identified in the blank medium (CK), Fungi (CK + fungi), and PA-Fungi (CK + fungi + acid) groups. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the differential metabolites were mainly involved in the sugar, lipid, and protein metabolic pathways related to stable membrane structure and cell growth. Discussion The proliferation and metabolism network of R. solani induced by PA was proposed, and the enhancement of sugar, lipid, and amino acid metabolism was presumed to be related to the active resistance of cells to organic acid stress. These results offer new in-sights into the effects of PA metabolism on promoting R. solani proliferation, and provide theoretical support for further optimizing the rhizosphere microecological environment of Salvia miltiorrhiza continuous cropping soil and reducing continuous cropping obstacle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidong Ju
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Bingqian Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Guohong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Xinyu Fu
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- Chinese Medicine Resource Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
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Ma Z, Wu Z, Wang Y, Meng Q, Chen P, Li J, Shan A. Effect of Yeast Culture on Reproductive Performance, Gut Microbiota, and Milk Composition in Primiparous Sows. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2954. [PMID: 37760354 PMCID: PMC10525930 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of yeast culture (YC) on reproductive performance, gut microbiota, and milk composition in primiparous sows. A total of 60 primiparous sows were randomly assigned to the control group (CON) and YC group (0.5% YC during gestation and 0.8% YC during lactation) consisting of 30 replicates, with one sow in each. The results showed that dietary YC supplementation increased the piglet birth weight and backfat thickness at 28 d of lactation (p < 0.05). Dietary YC supplementation increased the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy and calcium during lactation, the content of acetic acid and propionic acid at 110 d of gestation, and the content of acetic acid and butyric acid at 28 d of lactation in feces (p < 0.05). Furthermore, dietary YC supplementation decreased the abundance of Firmicutes, Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group, and Terrisporobacter (p < 0.05), and increased the abundance of Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group (p < 0.05). Compared to the control group, dietary YC supplementation increased the fat and lactose content of the colostrum (p < 0.05). Metabolomics analysis showed that YC increased 26 different metabolites in the colostrum. Among them were mainly pantothenic acid, proline, isoleucine, phenylalanine, acylcarnitine, and other metabolites. In conclusion, these results suggested that dietary YC supplementation improves reproductive performance and gut health and increases the nutrient content in the colostrum of primiparous sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhuo Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Z.M.); (Z.W.); (Y.W.); (Q.M.)
| | - Ze Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Z.M.); (Z.W.); (Y.W.); (Q.M.)
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Z.M.); (Z.W.); (Y.W.); (Q.M.)
| | - Qingwei Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Z.M.); (Z.W.); (Y.W.); (Q.M.)
| | - Peng Chen
- Beijing Enhalor International Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Jianping Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Z.M.); (Z.W.); (Y.W.); (Q.M.)
| | - Anshan Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Z.M.); (Z.W.); (Y.W.); (Q.M.)
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Ferguson D, Ryder R, Lunsford R, Dash A, Kamali A, Kimura A, Crandall J, Mukhopadhyay R, Dowless H, Ortiz N, Jue NK. Serratia marcescens Outbreak at a Correctional Facility: Environmental Sampling, Laboratory Analyses and Genomic Characterization to Assess Sources and Persistence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6709. [PMID: 37681849 PMCID: PMC10487681 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20176709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Serratia marcescens is an environmental bacterium and clinical pathogen that can cause an array of infections. We describe an environmental sampling and comparative genomics approach used to investigate a multi-year outbreak of S. marcescens at a correctional facility. Whole genome sequencing analysis revealed a predominant cluster of clonally related S. marcescens from nine patient cases and items associated with illicit drug use. Closely related strains found among items associated with case-patient cells and diluted Cell Block 64 (CB64), a quaternary ammonium disinfectant, and Break Out (BO), a multipurpose cleaner, highlighted their role as environmental reservoirs for S. marcescens in this outbreak. Comparative genomic analysis suggested outbreak strains were both persistent (identical strains found over long periods and in multiple locations of the correctional facility) and diverse (strains clustered with multiple global samples from NCBI database). No correlation was found between antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes of outbreak strains; NCBI strains have more AMR genes. Principal component analysis (PCA) of virulence factors associated with persistence and infectivity indicated variation based on phylogroups, including the predominant cluster; identifiable variations among environmental versus clinical strains were not observed. Identification of multiple distinct genetic groups highlights the importance of putting epidemiological genomic studies in a proper genetic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Ferguson
- Public Health Laboratory, County of Monterey Health Department, Salinas, CA 93906, USA
| | - Rahil Ryder
- Public Health Laboratory, County of Monterey Health Department, Salinas, CA 93906, USA
| | - Rawni Lunsford
- Public Health Laboratory, County of Monterey Health Department, Salinas, CA 93906, USA
| | - Arie Dash
- Public Health Laboratory, County of Monterey Health Department, Salinas, CA 93906, USA
| | - Amanda Kamali
- Public Health, Medical Services Division, California Correctional Health Care Services, Elk Grove, CA 95758, USA
| | - Akiko Kimura
- Infectious Diseases Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - John Crandall
- Microbial Diseases Laboratory Branch, Center for Laboratory Sciences, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - Rituparna Mukhopadhyay
- Microbial Diseases Laboratory Branch, Center for Laboratory Sciences, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - Heather Dowless
- Public Health, Medical Services Division, California Correctional Health Care Services, Elk Grove, CA 95758, USA
| | - Nancy Ortiz
- Infectious Diseases Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - Nathaniel K. Jue
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955, USA
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Song W, Li Z, Yang K, Gao Z, Zhou Q, Li P. Antisense lncRNA-RP11-498C9.13 promotes bladder cancer progression by enhancing reactive oxygen species-induced mitophagy. J Gene Med 2023; 25:e3527. [PMID: 37382425 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary system's most prevalent malignant tumor is bladder cancer. The enzyme pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) has pro-tumorigenic characteristics. In the present study, the upstream and downstream regulatory mechanisms of PYCR1 in bladder cancer were investigated. METHODS The relationship between the expression of PYCR1 in bladder cancer and its prognosis was analyzed using a bioinformatics technique. Plasmid transfection and small interfering RNA were utilized to overexpress and silence genes, respectively. Utilizing MTT, colony formation, EdU, and transwell assays, the proliferation and invasiveness of bladder cancer cells were evaluated. Employing an RNA pull-down experiment and RNA immunoprecipitation, the relationship between RNAs was analyzed. Fluorescence in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting were used to detect protein expression and localization. Flow cytometry was used to identify reactive species (ROS) expression in cells. Mitophagy was detected using immunofluorescence. RESULTS PYCR1 was highly expressed in bladder cancer tissue and was related with a poor prognosis for the patient. By binding to PYCR1, the antisense RNA lncRNA-RP11-498C9.13 prevented the degradation of PYCR1 and promoted its production. Down-regulation of lncRNA-RP11-498C9.13 and PYCR1 inhibited the proliferation and invasiveness of bladder cancer cells and decreased tumorigenesis. In addition, it was found that the lncRNA-RP11-498C9.13/PYCR1 axis promoted ROS generation and induced mitophagy in bladder cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that lncRNA-RP11-498C9.13 promoted bladder cancer tumorigenesis by stabilizing the mRNA of PYCR1 and promoted ROS-induced mitophagy. The lncRNA-RP11-498C9.13/PYCR1/mitophagy axis was anticipated to be a significant therapeutic target for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhiyong Gao
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ping Li
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
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Imbert-Auvray N, Fichet D, Bodet PE, Ory P, Sabot R, Refait P, Graber M. Metabolomics-Based Investigation on the Metabolic Changes in Crassostrea gigas Experimentally Exposed to Galvanic Anodes. Metabolites 2023; 13:869. [PMID: 37512576 PMCID: PMC10384061 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathodic protection is widely used to protect metal structures from corrosion in marine environments using sacrificial galvanic anodes. These anodes, either in Zinc, or preferentially nowadays in Al-Zn-In alloys, are expected to corrode instead of the metal structures. This leads to the release of dissolved species, Zn2+, Al3+, and In3+, and solid phases such as Al(OH)3. Few studies have been conducted on their effects on marine organisms, and they concluded that further investigations are needed. We therefore evaluated the effects of Zn and Al-Zn-In anodes on oysters stabulated in tanks, under controlled conditions defined through a comparison with those prevailing in a given commercial seaport used as reference. We analyzed the entire metabolome of gills with a non-targeted metabolomic approach HRMS. A modelling study of the chemical species, corresponding to the degradation products of the anodes, likely to be present near the exposed oysters, was also included. We identified 16 and two metabolites modulated by Zn- and Al-Zn-In-anodes, respectively, that were involved in energy metabolism, osmoregulation, oxidative stress, lipid, nucleotide nucleoside and amino acid metabolisms, defense and signaling pathways. The combination of chemical modelling and metabolomic approach, used here for the first time, enlightened the influence of Zn present in the Al-Zn-In anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Imbert-Auvray
- UMR 7266 LIENSs, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Denis Fichet
- UMR 7266 LIENSs, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Pierre-Edouard Bodet
- UMR 7266 LIENSs, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Pascaline Ory
- UMR 7266 LIENSs, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - René Sabot
- UMR 7356 LaSIE, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle, France
| | - Philippe Refait
- UMR 7356 LaSIE, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle, France
| | - Marianne Graber
- UMR 7266 LIENSs, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
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Svobodová K, Maitre A, Obregón D, Wu-Chuang A, Thaduri S, Locke B, de Miranda JR, Mateos-Hernández L, Krejčí AB, Cabezas-Cruz A. Gut microbiota assembly of Gotland varroa-surviving honey bees excludes major viral pathogens. Microbiol Res 2023; 274:127418. [PMID: 37315341 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The spread of the parasite Varroa destructor and associated viruses has resulted in massive honey bee colony losses with considerable economic and ecological impact. The gut microbiota has a major role in shaping honey bees tolerance and resistance to parasite infestation and viral infection, but the contribution of viruses to the assembly of the host microbiota in the context of varroa resistance and susceptibility remains unclear. Here, we used a network approach including viral and bacterial nodes to characterize the impact of five viruses, Apis Rhabdovirus-1 (ARV-1), Black Queen Cell virus (BQCV), Lake Sinai virus (LSV), Sacbrood virus (SBV) and Deformed wing virus (DWV) on the gut microbiota assembly of varroa-susceptible and Gotland varroa-surviving honey bees. We found that microbiota assembly was different in varroa-surviving and varroa-susceptible honey bees with the network of the latter having a whole module not present in the network of the former. Four viruses, ARV-1, BQCV, LSV, and SBV, were tightly associated with bacterial nodes of the core microbiota of varroa-susceptible honey bees, while only two viruses BQCV and LSV, appeared correlated with bacterial nodes in varroa-surviving honey bees. In silico removal of viral nodes caused major re-arrangement of microbial networks with changes in nodes centrality and significant reduction of the networks' robustness in varroa-susceptible, but not in varroa-surviving honey bees. Comparison of predicted functional pathways in bacterial communities using PICRUSt2 showed the superpathway for heme b biosynthesis from uroporphyrinogen-III and a pathway for arginine, proline, and ornithine interconversion as significantly increased in varroa-surviving honey bees. Notably, heme and its reduction products biliverdin and bilirubin have been reported as antiviral agents. These findings show that viral pathogens are differentially nested in the bacterial communities of varroa-surviving and varroa-susceptible honey bees. These results suggest that Gotland honey bees are associated with minimally-assembled and reduced bacterial communities that exclude viral pathogens and are resilient to viral nodes removal, which, together with the production of antiviral compounds, may explain the resiliency of Gotland honey bees to viral infections. In contrast, the intertwined virus-bacterium interactions in varroa-susceptible networks suggest that the complex assembly of microbial communities in this honey bee strain favor viral infections, which may explain viral persistence in this honey bee strain. Further understanding of protective mechanisms mediated by the microbiota could help developing novel ways to control devastating viral infections affecting honey bees worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolína Svobodová
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Apolline Maitre
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort F-94700, France; INRAE, UR 0045 Laboratoire de Recherches Sur Le Développement de L'Elevage (SELMET-LRDE), 20250 Corte, France; EA 7310, Laboratoire de Virologie, Université de Corse, Corte, France
| | - Dasiel Obregón
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Alejandra Wu-Chuang
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort F-94700, France
| | - Srinivas Thaduri
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750-07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Barbara Locke
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750-07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joachim R de Miranda
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750-07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lourdes Mateos-Hernández
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort F-94700, France
| | - Alena Bruce Krejčí
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort F-94700, France.
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29
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Li L, Yang M, Pu X, Tang Y, Fei F, Li Z, Hou H, Chen Q, Wang Q, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Ren C, Gong A. ALKBH5-PYCR2 Positive Feedback Loop Promotes Proneural-Mesenchymal Transition Via Proline Synthesis In GBM. J Cancer 2023; 14:1579-1591. [PMID: 37325047 PMCID: PMC10266253 DOI: 10.7150/jca.84213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AlkB homolog 5, RNA demethylase (ALKBH5) is abnormally highly expressed in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and is negatively correlated with overall survival in GBM patients. In this study, we found a new mechanism that ALKBH5 and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2 (PYCR2) formed a positive feedback loop involved in proline synthesis in GBM. ALKBH5 promoted PYCR2 expression and PYCR2-mediated proline synthesis; while PYCR2 promoted ALKBH5 expression through the AMPK/mTOR pathway in GBM cells. In addition, ALKBH5 and PYCR2 promoted GBM cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as proneural-mesenchymal transition (PMT). Furthermore, proline rescued AMPK/mTOR activation and PMT after silencing PYCR2 expression. Our findings reveal an ALKBH5-PYCR2 axis linked to proline metabolism, which plays an important role in promoting PMT in GBM cells and may be a promising therapeutic pathway for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiang Su Province, China
| | - Mengting Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiang Su Province, China
| | - Xufeng Pu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiang Su Province, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiang Su Province, China
| | - Fei Fei
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiang Su Province, China
| | - Zhangzuo Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiang Su Province, China
| | - Hanjin Hou
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiang Su Province, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiang Su Province, China
| | - Qiaowei Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiang Su Province, China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiang Su Province, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiang Su Province, China
| | - Caifang Ren
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiang Su Province, China
| | - Aihua Gong
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiang Su Province, China
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Zhang L, Wang F, Jia L, Yan H, Gao L, Tian Y, Su X, Zhang X, Lv C, Ma Z, Xue Y, Lin Q, Wang K. Edwardsiella piscicida infection reshapes the intestinal microbiome and metabolome of big-belly seahorses: mechanistic insights of synergistic actions of virulence factors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1135588. [PMID: 37215132 PMCID: PMC10193291 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1135588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncovering the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of Edwardsiella piscicida-induced enteritis is essential for global aquaculture. In the present study, we identified E. piscicida as a lethal pathogen of the big-belly seahorse (Hippocampus abdominalis) and revealed its pathogenic pattern and characteristics by updating our established bacterial enteritis model and evaluation system. Conjoint analysis of metagenomic and metabolomic data showed that 15 core virulence factors could mutually coordinate the remodeling of intestinal microorganisms and host metabolism and induce enteritis in the big-belly seahorse. Specifically, the Flagella, Type IV pili, and Lap could significantly increase the activities of the representative functional pathways of both flagella assembly and bacterial chemotaxis in the intestinal microbiota (P < 0.01) to promote pathogen motility, adherence, and invasion. Legiobactin, IraAB, and Hpt could increase ABC transporter activity (P < 0.01) to compete for host nutrition and promote self-replication. Capsule1, HP-NAP, and FarAB could help the pathogen to avoid phagocytosis. Upon entering epithelial cells and phagocytes, Bsa T3SS and Dot/Icm could significantly increase bacterial secretion system activity (P < 0.01) to promote the intracellular survival and replication of the pathogen and the subsequent invasion of the neighboring tissues. Finally, LPS3 could significantly increase lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis (P < 0.01) to release toxins and kill the host. Throughout the pathogenic process, BopD, PhoP, and BfmRS significantly activated the two-component system (P < 0.01) to coordinate with other VFs to promote deep invasion. In addition, the levels of seven key metabolic biomarkers, Taurine, L-Proline, Uridine, L-Glutamate, Glutathione, Xanthosine, and L-Malic acid, significantly decreased (P < 0.01), and they can be used for characterizing E. piscicida infection. Overall, the present study systematically revealed how a combination of virulence factors mediate E. piscicida-induced enteritis in fish for the first time, providing a theoretical reference for preventing and controlling this disease in the aquaculture of seahorses and other fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Longwu Jia
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Hansheng Yan
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Longkun Gao
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Yanan Tian
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaolei Su
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Chunhui Lv
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Zhenhao Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xue
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai, China
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Papadopoulou EA, Angelis A, Skaltsounis AL, Aliferis KA. GC/EI/MS and 1H NMR Metabolomics Reveal the Effect of an Olive Tree Endophytic Bacillus sp. Lipopeptide Extract on the Metabolism of Colletotrichum acutatum. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040462. [PMID: 37110121 PMCID: PMC10142168 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition to the Green Deal era requires the discovery of alternative sources of bioactivity and an in-depth understanding of their toxicity to target and non-target organisms. Endophytes have recently emerged as a source of bioactivity of high potential for applications in plant protection, used either per se as biological control agents or their metabolites as bioactive compounds. The olive tree endophytic isolate Bacillus sp. PTA13 produces an array of bioactive lipopeptides (LPs), which additionally exhibit reduced phytotoxicity, features that make them candidates for further research focusing on olive tree plant protection. Here, GC/EI/MS and 1H NMR metabolomics were employed to study the toxicity of a Bacillus sp. PTA13 LP extract on the olive tree pathogen Colletotrichum acutatum, which causes the devastating disease olive anthracnose. The discovery of resistant isolates of the pathogen to the applied fungicides makes the research on the development of improved sources of bioactivity of paramount importance. Analyses revealed that the applied extract affects the metabolism of the fungus by interfering with the biosynthesis of various metabolites and its energy production. LPs had a great impact on the aromatic amino acid metabolism, the energy equilibrium of the fungus and its fatty acid content. Additionally, the applied LPs affected the levels of pathogenesis-related metabolites, a finding that supports their potential for further research as plant protection agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia-Anna Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 118 55 Athens, Greece
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolis Angelis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos A Aliferis
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 118 55 Athens, Greece
- Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
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Iskandaryan M, Blbulyan S, Sahakyan M, Vassilian A, Trchounian K, Poladyan A. L-amino acids affect the hydrogenase activity and growth of Ralstonia eutropha H16. AMB Express 2023; 13:33. [PMID: 36932299 PMCID: PMC10023824 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01535-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ralstonia eutropha H16 is a chemolithoautotrophic bacterium with O2-tolerant hydrogenase (Hyds) enzymes. Hyds are expressed in the presence of gas mixtures (H2, O2, CO2) or under energy limitation and stress conditions. O2-tolerant Hyds are promising candidates as anode biocatalysts in enzymatic fuel cells (EFCs). Supplementation of 0.5% (w/v) yeast extract to the fructose-nitrogen (FN) growth medium enhanced H2-oxidizing Hyd activity ~ sixfold. Our study aimed to identify key metabolites (L-amino acids (L-AAs) and vitamins) in yeast extract that are necessary for the increased synthesis and activity of Hyds. A decrease in pH and a reduction in ORP (from + 240 ± 5 mV to - 180 mV ± 10 mV values) after 24 h of growth in the presence of AAs were observed. Compared to the FN-medium control, supplementation of 7.0 μmol/ml of the L-AA mixture stimulated the growth of bacteria ~ 1.9 to 2.9 fold, after 72 h. The whole cells' H2-oxidizing Hyd activity was not observed in control samples, whereas the addition of L-AAs, mainly glycine resulted in a maximum of ~ 22 ± 0.5 and 15 ± 0.3 U, g CDW-1 activity after 24 h and 72 h, respectively. Our results suggest a correlation between ORP, pH, and function of Hyds in R. eutropha H16 in the presence of key L-AAs. L-AAs used in small amounts can be proposed as signaling molecules or key components of Hyd maturation. These results are important for the optimization of O2-tolerant Hyds production as anode biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meri Iskandaryan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Biotechnology, Biology Faculty, YSU, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Syuzanna Blbulyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Biotechnology, Biology Faculty, YSU, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Mayramik Sahakyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Biotechnology, Biology Faculty, YSU, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Anait Vassilian
- Research Institute of Biology, Biology Faculty, YSU, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Karen Trchounian
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Biotechnology, Biology Faculty, YSU, Yerevan, Armenia.,Research Institute of Biology, Biology Faculty, YSU, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Anna Poladyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Biotechnology, Biology Faculty, YSU, Yerevan, Armenia. .,Research Institute of Biology, Biology Faculty, YSU, Yerevan, Armenia.
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Osei R, Boamah S, Boakye TA, Wei L, Jin M, Gyasi Santo K, Takyi I, Yang C. In vitro application of proline in potato tubers under newly emerging bacteria Lelliottia amnigena infection. Microb Pathog 2023; 178:106053. [PMID: 36907362 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Biotic stress deleteriously affects growth, development, and productivity in plants. Proline (Pro) plays a significant role in enhancing plant resistance to pathogen infection. However, its effects on reducing Lelliottia amnigena-induced oxidative stress in potato tubers remain unknown. The present study aims to evaluate the in vitro Pro treatment in potato tubers exposed to a newly emerging bacterium, L. amnigena. Sterilized healthy potato tubers were inoculated with 0.3 mL of L. amnigena suspension (3.69 × 107 CFU mL-1) 24 h before Pro (5.0 mM) application. The L. amnigena treatment significantly increased the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the potato tubers by 80.6 and 85.6%, respectively, compared to the control. Application of proline (Pro) decreased MDA and H2O2 contents by 53.6 and 55.9%, respectively, compared to the control. Application of Pro to L. amnigena-stressed potato tubers increased the activities of NADPH oxidase (NOX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), 4-coumaryl-CoA ligase (4CL) and cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H) C4H by 94.2, 96.3, 97.3, 97.1, 96.6, 79.3, 96.4, 93.6, and 96.2%, respectively, compared to the control. In comparison to the control, the genes PAL, SOD, CAT, POD, and NOX were significantly increased in the Pro-treated tubers at 5.0 mM concentration. Tubers treated with Pro + L. amnigena increased the transcript levels of PAL, SOD, CAT, POD, and NOX by 2.3, 2.2, 2.3, 2.5, and 2.8-fold respectively, compared to the control. Our findings suggested that pretreatment of tubers with Pro might reduce lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress by enhancing enzymatic antioxidant activity and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Osei
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China; Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Solomon Boamah
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China; Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Thomas Afriyie Boakye
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China; Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Lijuan Wei
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China; Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Mengjun Jin
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China; Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | | | - Isaac Takyi
- Delf Institute for Water Education, Netherlands
| | - Chengde Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China; Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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Sunic K, D’Auria JC, Sarkanj B, Spanic V. Metabolic Profiling Identifies Changes in the Winter Wheat Grains Following Fusarium Treatment at Two Locations in Croatia. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:911. [PMID: 36840259 PMCID: PMC9962043 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most dangerous diseases of winter wheat, resulting in reduced grain yield and quality, and production of mycotoxins by the Fusarium fungi. In the present study, changes in the grain metabolomics of winter wheat samples infected with Fusarium spp. and corresponding non-infected samples from two locations in Croatia were investigated by GC-MS. A Mann-Whitney test revealed that 24 metabolites detected were significantly separated between Fusarium-inoculated and non-infected samples during the variety by treatment interactions. The results confirmed that in grains of six FHB-resistant varieties, ten metabolites were identified as possible resistance-related metabolites. These metabolites included heptadecanoic acid, 9-(Z)-hexadecenoic acid, sophorose, and secolaganin in grains of FHB-resistant varieties at the Osijek location, as well as 2-methylaminomethyltartronic acid, maleamic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile, 1,4-lactonearabinonic acid, secolaganin, and alanine in grains of FHB-resistant varieties at the Tovarnik location. Moreover, on the PCA bi-plot, FHB-susceptible wheat varieties were closer to glycyl proline, decanoic acid, and lactic acid dimer that could have affected other metabolites, and thus, suppressed resistance to FHB. Although defense reactions were genetically conditioned and variety specific, resulting metabolomics changes may give insight into defense-related pathways that could be manipulated to engineer plants with improved resistance to the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Sunic
- Department for Breeding and Genetics of Small Cereal Crops, Agricultural Institute Osijek, Juzno Predgradje 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - John Charles D’Auria
- Department of Molecular Genetics Leibniz, Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK Gatersleben), OT Gatersleben Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Bojan Sarkanj
- Department of Food Technology, University North, Trg dr. Zarka Dolinara 1, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia
| | - Valentina Spanic
- Department for Breeding and Genetics of Small Cereal Crops, Agricultural Institute Osijek, Juzno Predgradje 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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35
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Grant TA, Jayakumar JM, López-Pérez M, Almagro-Moreno S. Vibrio floridensis sp. nov., a novel species closely related to the human pathogen Vibrio vulnificus isolated from a cyanobacterial bloom. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 36749680 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated Vibrio floridensis IRLE0018 (=NRRL B-65642=NCTC 14661), was isolated from a cyanobacterial bloom along the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), a large and highly biodiverse estuary in eastern Florida (USA). The results of phylogenetic, biochemical, and phenotypic analyses indicate that this isolate is distinct from species of the genus Vibrio with validly published names and is the closest relative to the emergent human pathogen, Vibrio vulnificus. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of V. floridensis strain IRLE0018 (4 535 135 bp). On the basis of the established average nucleotide identity (ANI) values for the determination of different species (ANI <95 %), strain IRLE0018, with an ANI of approximately 92 % compared with its closest relative, V. vulnificus, represents a novel species within the genus Vibrio. To our knowledge, this represents the first time this species has been described. The results of genomic analyses of V. floridensis IRLE0018 indicate the presence of antibiotic resistance genes and several known virulence factors, however, its pathogenicity profile (e.g. survival in serum, phagocytosis avoidance) reveals limited virulence potential of this species in contrast to V. vulnificus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudy-Ann Grant
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- National Center for Integrated Coastal Research, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Jane M Jayakumar
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- National Center for Integrated Coastal Research, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Mario López-Pérez
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- National Center for Integrated Coastal Research, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- Evolutionary Genomics Group, División de Microbiología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Apartado 18, San Juan 03550, Alicante, Spain
| | - Salvador Almagro-Moreno
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- National Center for Integrated Coastal Research, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
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Proline transporters ProT and PutP are required for Staphylococcus aureus infection. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011098. [PMID: 36652494 PMCID: PMC9886301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Proline acquired via specific transporters can serve as a proteinogenic substrate, carbon and nitrogen source, or osmolyte. Previous reports have documented that Staphylococcus aureus, a major community and nosocomial pathogen, encodes at least four proline transporters, PutP, OpuC, OpuD, and ProP. A combination of genetic approaches and 3H-proline transport assays reveal that a previously unrecognized transporter, ProT, in addition to PutP, are the major proline transporters in S. aureus. Complementation experiments using constitutively expressed non-cognate promoters found that proline transport via OpuD, OpuC, and ProP is minimal. Both proline biosynthesis from arginine and proline transport via ProT are critical for growth when S. aureus is grown under conditions of high salinity. Further, proline transport mediated by ProT or PutP are required for growth in media with and without glucose, indicating both transporters function to acquire proline for proteinogenic purposes in addition to acquisition of proline as a carbon/nitrogen source. Lastly, inactivation of proT and putP resulted in a significant reduction (5 log10) of bacterial burden in murine skin-and-soft tissue infection and bacteremia models, suggesting that proline transport is required to establish a S. aureus infection.
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Ghonimy A, Chen Z, Li J. The effect of C/N ratio and its frequent addition on commensal and pathogenic bacterial abundances in shrimp Litopeaneus vanname gut in a biofloc system: Ratio and frequent addition interaction matters. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283841. [PMID: 37011061 PMCID: PMC10069773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The environmental biotic and abiotic factors form a complicated relationship with the host intestinal microbiota. In our study, we applied different levels of C/N ratio (10, 15, 20) and frequent addition times (once, twice, triple a day) in a factorial experimental design. GC/LC analysis of filtrated biofloc (BF) samples revealed the highest relative fold change for the untargeted bioactive molecules among different treatments, whereas the 16s rRNA analysis revealed the change in the shrimp gut microbiota composition. Based on the available literature on the relationship between the bioactive molecules and the available bacteria in this study, the next bioactive molecules were discussed. Proline was associated with Bacteroidota, Flavobacteriaceae, Gammaproteobacteria, and Flavobacteriales. Plumbagine was associated with Norcardiaceae. Phytosphingosin was associated with Bacteroidota. Phosphocholine compound was associated with Bacteroidota. The monobutyl ether, benzofuran, and piperidone were associated with Micobacteriaceae and Mycobacterium. Generally, C/N 15 and 20 once a day, and C/N 20 triple a day have showed a merit over other treatments in term of low pathogenic and unfavorable bacteria, and high commensal bacterial abundances. The revealed bioactive molecule composition showed the complicity of BF as a source for novel compounds as biosecurity agents in BF system. These molecules could be developed to feed additives upgrading the biosecurity level in aquaculture systems. Other bioactive molecules require future studies to reveal novel molecules in term of aquaculture biosecurity control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Ghonimy
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Nishikawa S, Ogawa Y, Shiraiwa K, Nozawa R, Nakayama M, Eguchi M, Shimoji Y. Rational Design of Live-Attenuated Vaccines against Genome-Reduced Pathogens. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0377622. [PMID: 36453908 PMCID: PMC9769512 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03776-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop safe and highly effective live vaccines, rational vaccine design is necessary. Here, we sought a simple approach to rationally develop a safe attenuated vaccine against the genome-reduced pathogen Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. We examined the mRNA expression of all conserved amino acid biosynthetic genes remaining in the genome after the reductive evolution of E. rhusiopathiae. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that half of the 14 genes examined were upregulated during the infection of murine J774A.1 macrophages. Gene deletion was possible only for three proline biosynthesis genes, proB, proA, and proC, the last of which was upregulated 29-fold during infection. Five mutants bearing an in-frame deletion of one (ΔproB, ΔproA, or ΔproC mutant), two (ΔproBA mutant), or three (ΔproBAC mutant) genes exhibited attenuated growth during J774A.1 infection, and the attenuation and vaccine efficacy of these mutants were confirmed in mice and pigs. Thus, for the rational design of live vaccines against genome-reduced bacteria, the selective targeting of genes that escaped chromosomal deletions during evolution may be a simple approach for identifying genes which are specifically upregulated during infection. IMPORTANCE Identification of bacterial genes that are specifically upregulated during infection can lead to the rational construction of live vaccines. For this purpose, genome-based approaches, including DNA microarray analysis and IVET (in vivo expression technology), have been used so far; however, these methods can become laborious and time-consuming. In this study, we used a simple in silico approach and showed that in genome-reduced bacteria, the genes which evolutionarily remained conserved for metabolic adaptations during infection may be the best targets for the deletion and construction of live vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Nishikawa
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yohsuke Ogawa
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Shiraiwa
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Rieko Nozawa
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Momoko Nakayama
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Eguchi
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Shimoji
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
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Microbiome-Driven Proline Biogenesis in Plants under Stress: Perspectives for Balanced Diet to Minimize Depression Disorders in Humans. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10112264. [DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide and a major contributor to the overall global burden of mental disorders. An increasing number of studies have revealed that among 20 different amino acids, high proline consumption is a dietary factor with the strongest impact on depression in humans and animals, including insects. Recent studies acknowledged that gut microbiota play a key role in proline-related pathophysiology of depression. In addition, the multi-omics approach has alleged that a high level of metabolite proline is directly linked to depression severity, while variations in levels of circulating proline are dependent on microbiome composition. The gut–brain axis proline analysis is a gut microbiome model of studying depression, highlighting the critical importance of diet, but nothing is known about the role of the plant microbiome–food axis in determining proline concentration in the diet and thus about preventing excessive proline intake through food consumption. In this paper, we discuss the protocooperative potential of a holistic study approach combining the microbiota–gut–brain axis with the microbiota–plant–food–diet axis, as both are involved in proline biogenesis and metabolism and thus on in its effect on mood and cognitive function. In preharvest agriculture, the main scientific focus must be directed towards plant symbiotic endophytes, as scavengers of abiotic stresses in plants and modulators of high proline concentration in crops/legumes/vegetables under climate change. It is also implied that postharvest agriculture—including industrial food processing—may be critical in designing a proline-balanced diet, especially if corroborated with microbiome-based preharvest agriculture, within a circular agrifood system. The microbiome is suggested as a target for selecting beneficial plant endophytes in aiming for a balanced dietary proline content, as it is involved in the physiology and energy metabolism of eukaryotic plant/human/animal/insect hosts, i.e., in core aspects of this amino acid network, while opening new venues for an efficient treatment of depression that can be adapted to vast groups of consumers and patients. In that regard, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and molecular biomarkers combined with rapid and non-destructive imaging technologies were also discussed in the scope of enhancing integrative science outcomes, agricultural efficiencies, and diagnostic medical precisions.
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Ye Y, Ji J, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Sun X. Metabolic Regulation Effect and Potential Metabolic Biomarkers of Pre-Treated Delphinidin on Oxidative Damage Induced by Paraquat in A549 Cells. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223575. [PMID: 36429167 PMCID: PMC9689328 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Delphinidin (Del) is an anthocyanin component with high in vitro antioxidant capacity. In this study, based on the screening of a cell model, gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) was used to evaluate the effect of Del pre-protection on the metabolite levels of intracellular oxidative stress induced by paraquat (PQ). According to the cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) responses of four lung cell lines to PQ induction, A549 cell was selected and treated with 100 μM PQ for 12 h to develop a cellular oxidative stress model. Compared with the PQ-induced group, the principal components of the Del pretreatment group had significant differences, but not significant with the control group, indicating that the antioxidant activity of Del can be correlated to the maintenance of metabolite levels. Del preconditioning protects lipid-related metabolic pathways from the disturbance induced by PQ. In addition, the levels of amino acid- and energy-related metabolites were significantly recovered. Del may also exert an antioxidant effect by regulating glucose metabolism. The optimal combinations of biomarkers in the PQ-treatment group and Del-pretreatment group were alanine-valine-urea and alanine-galactose-glucose. Cell metabolome data provided characteristic fingerprints associated with the antioxidant activity of Del.
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Zhang D, Qin Q, Qiao L. Mass spectrometry profiling of single bacterial cells reveals metabolic regulation during antibiotics induced bacterial filamentation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Gonçalves LG, Santos S, Gomes LP, Armengaud J, Miragaia M, Coelho AV. Skin-to-blood pH shift triggers metabolome and proteome global remodelling in Staphylococcus epidermidis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1000737. [PMID: 36246270 PMCID: PMC9554481 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1000737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the most common bacteria of the human skin microbiota. Despite its role as a commensal, S. epidermidis has emerged as an opportunistic pathogen, associated with 80% of medical devices related infections. Moreover, these bacteria are extremely difficult to treat due to their ability to form biofilms and accumulate resistance to almost all classes of antimicrobials. Thus new preventive and therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. However, the molecular mechanisms associated with S. epidermidis colonisation and disease are still poorly understood. A deeper understanding of the metabolic and cellular processes associated with response to environmental factors characteristic of SE ecological niches in health and disease might provide new clues on colonisation and disease processes. Here we studied the impact of pH conditions, mimicking the skin pH (5.5) and blood pH (7.4), in a S. epidermidis commensal strain by means of next-generation proteomics and 1H NMR-based metabolomics. Moreover, we evaluated the metabolic changes occurring during a sudden pH change, simulating the skin barrier break produced by a catheter. We found that exposure of S. epidermidis to skin pH induced oxidative phosphorylation and biosynthesis of peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acids and betaine. In contrast, at blood pH, the bacterial assimilation of monosaccharides and its oxidation by glycolysis and fermentation was promoted. Additionally, several proteins related to virulence and immune evasion, namely extracellular proteases and membrane iron transporters were more abundant at blood pH. In the situation of an abrupt skin-to-blood pH shift we observed the decrease in the osmolyte betaine and changes in the levels of several metabolites and proteins involved in cellular redoxl homeostasis. Our results suggest that at the skin pH S. epidermidis cells are metabolically more active and adhesion is promoted, while at blood pH, metabolism is tuned down and cells have a more virulent profile. pH increase during commensal-to-pathogen conversion appears to be a critical environmental signal to the remodelling of the S. epidermidis metabolism toward a more pathogenic state. Targeting S. epidermidis proteins induced by pH 7.4 and promoting the acidification of the medical device surface or surrounding environment might be new strategies to treat and prevent S. epidermidis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Gafeira Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Proteomics of Non-Model Organisms, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Susana Santos
- Laboratory of Proteomics of Non-Model Organisms, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Laidson Paes Gomes
- Laboratory of Proteomics of Non-Model Organisms, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SPI, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Maria Miragaia
- Laboratory of Bacterial Evolution and Molecular Epidemiology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Maria Miragaia,
| | - Ana Varela Coelho
- Laboratory of Proteomics of Non-Model Organisms, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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Kaplan M, Baydemir B, Günar BB, Arslan A, Duman H, Karav S. Benefits of A2 Milk for Sports Nutrition, Health and Performance. Front Nutr 2022; 9:935344. [PMID: 35911103 PMCID: PMC9326461 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.935344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine milk is one of the best pre-and pro-workout sources for athletes owing to its rich nutritional content. Even though bovine milk consumption significantly benefits athletes' health and performance, many athletes cannot consume bovine milk since they struggle with gastrointestinal problems caused after milk consumption. Especially, the consumption of regular milk, which contains A1 β-casein, is associated with a variety of diseases ranging from gastrointestinal discomfort to ischemic heart diseases. The main reason behind this is related to β-casomorphine 7 (BCM-7), which is derived from A1 β-casein during the digestion of A1 milk. A1 β-casein is formed as a result of a point mutation in the position of 67th in the amino acid sequence A2 β-casein by changing proline to histidine. Therefore, this mutated form of β-casein in regular milk cannot easily be digested by the human-associated digestion enzymes. A2 milk, which includes A2 β-casein instead of A1 β-casein, is the best substitute for regular milk with the same nutritional content. This natural form of milk positively affects the athlete's health as well as performance without causing any gastrointestinal discomfort or more serious problems which are seen in the consumption of regular milk. In this review, A2 milk and its potential health effects in comparison to diseases related to A1 milk consumption are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Kaplan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Barış Baydemir
- Department of Coaching Education, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Bilgetekin Burak Günar
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Ayşenur Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Hatice Duman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Sercan Karav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
- *Correspondence: Sercan Karav
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Sagawa CHD, Assis RDAB, Zaini PA, Saxe H, Wilmarth PA, Salemi M, Phinney BS, Dandekar AM. De Novo Arginine Synthesis Is Required for Full Virulence of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis During Walnut Bacterial Blight Disease. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:1500-1512. [PMID: 34941365 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-21-0302-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Walnut blight (WB) disease caused by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis (Xaj) threatens orchards worldwide. Nitrogen metabolism in this bacterial pathogen is dependent on arginine, a nitrogen-enriched amino acid that can either be synthesized or provided by the plant host. The arginine biosynthetic pathway uses argininosuccinate synthase (argG), associated with increased bacterial virulence. We examined the effects of bacterial arginine and nitrogen metabolism on the plant response during WB by proteomic analysis of the mutant strain Xaj argG-. Phenotypically, the mutant strain produced 42% fewer symptoms and survived in the plant tissue with 2.5-fold reduced growth compared with wild type, while showing itself to be auxotrophic for arginine in vitro. Proteomic analysis of infected tissue enabled the profiling of 676 Xaj proteins and 3,296 walnut proteins using isobaric labeling in a data-dependent acquisition approach. Comparative analysis of differentially expressed proteins revealed distinct plant responses. Xaj wild type (WT) triggered processes of catabolism and oxidative stress in the host under observed disease symptoms, while most of the host biosynthetic processes triggered by Xaj WT were inhibited during Xaj argG- infection. Overall, the Xaj proteins revealed a drastic shift in carbon and energy management induced by disruption of nitrogen metabolism while the top differentially expressed proteins included a Fis transcriptional regulator and a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase. Our results show the critical role of de novo arginine biosynthesis to sustain virulence and minimal growth during WB. This study is timely and critical as copper-based control methods are losing their effectiveness, and new sustainable methods are urgently needed in orchard environments.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia H D Sagawa
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
| | - Renata de A B Assis
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Zaini
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
| | - Houston Saxe
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
| | - Phillip A Wilmarth
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, U.S.A
| | - Michelle Salemi
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
| | - Brett S Phinney
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
| | - Abhaya M Dandekar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
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Strategies to Combat Caries by Maintaining the Integrity of Biofilm and Homeostasis during the Rapid Phase of Supragingival Plaque Formation. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070880. [PMID: 35884135 PMCID: PMC9312143 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria in the oral cavity, including commensals and opportunistic pathogens, are organized into highly specialized sessile communities, coexisting in homeostasis with the host under healthy conditions. A dysbiotic environment during biofilm evolution, however, allows opportunistic pathogens to become the dominant species at caries-affected sites at the expense of health-associated taxa. Combining tooth brushing with dentifrices or rinses combat the onset of caries by partially removes plaque, but resulting in the biofilm remaining in an immature state with undesirables’ consequences on homeostasis and oral ecosystem. This leads to the need for therapeutic pathways that focus on preserving balance in the oral microbiota and applying strategies to combat caries by maintaining biofilm integrity and homeostasis during the rapid phase of supragingival plaque formation. Adhesion, nutrition, and communication are fundamental in this phase in which the bacteria that have survived these adverse conditions rebuild and reorganize the biofilm, and are considered targets for designing preventive strategies to guide the biofilm towards a composition compatible with health. The present review summarizes the most important advances and future prospects for therapies based on the maintenance of biofilm integrity and homeostasis as a preventive measure of dysbiosis focused on these three key factors during the rapid phase of plaque formation.
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Gupta P, Gupta H, Kairamkonda M, Kumar N, Poluri KM. Elucidating the lactic acid tolerance mechanism in vaginal clinical isolates of Candida glabrata. Med Mycol 2022; 60:myac042. [PMID: 35679084 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Incidence of vulvovaginal candidiasis are strikingly high and treatment options are limited with nearly 50% Candida glabrata cases left untreated or experience treatment failures. The vaginal microenvironment is rich in lactic acid, and the adaptation of C. glabrata to lactic acid (LA) is the main reason for clinical treatment failure. In the present study, C. glabrata and its vaginal clinical isolates were comprehensively investigated for their growth response, metabolic adaptation and altered cellular pathway to LA using different biochemical techniques, metabolic profiling and transcriptional studies. C. glabrata shown considerable variations in its topological and biochemical features without compromising growth in LA media. Chemical profiling data highlighted involvement of cell wall/membrane, ergosterol and oxidative stress related pathways in mediating adaptative response of C. glabrata towards LA. Further, one dimensional proton (1H) NMR spectroscopy based metabolic profiling revealed significant modulation in 19 metabolites of C. glabrata cells upon growth in LA. Interestingly myo-inositol, xylose, putrescine and betaine which are key metabolites for cell growth and viability were found to be differentially expressed by clinical isolates. These observations were supported by the transcriptional expression study of selected genes evidencing cell wall/membrane re-organisation, altered oxidative stress, and reprogramming of carbon metabolic pathways. Collectively, the study advances our understanding on adaptative response of C. glabrata in vaginal microenvironment to lactic acid for survival and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Hrishikesh Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Manikyaprabhu Kairamkonda
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Navin Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun-248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India
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Li Z, Mu Y, Guo C, You X, Liu X, Li Q, Sun W. Analysis of the saliva metabolic signature in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269275. [PMID: 35653354 PMCID: PMC9162338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
The saliva metabolome has been applied to explore disease biomarkers. In this study we characterized the metabolic profile of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) patients and explored metabolomic biomarkers.
Methods
This work presents a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomic study of the saliva of 32 patients with pSS and 38 age- and sex-matched healthy adults. Potential pSS saliva metabolite biomarkers were explored using test group saliva samples (20 patients with pSS vs. 25 healthy adults) and were then verified by a cross-validation group (12 patients with pSS vs. 13 healthy adults).
Results
Metabolic pathways, including tryptophan metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, carbon fixation, and aspartate and asparagine metabolism, were found to be significantly regulated and related to inflammatory injury, neurological cognitive impairment and the immune response. Phenylalanyl-alanine was discovered to have good predictive ability for pSS, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.87 in the testing group (validation group: AUC = 0.75).
Conclusion
Our study shows that salivary metabolomics is a useful strategy for differential analysis and biomarker discovery in pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Mu
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlan Guo
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin You
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Core Facility of Instrument, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (QL); (WS)
| | - Wei Sun
- Core Facility of Instrument, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (QL); (WS)
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Sharma G, Curtis PD. The Impacts of Microgravity on Bacterial Metabolism. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12060774. [PMID: 35743807 PMCID: PMC9225508 DOI: 10.3390/life12060774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The inside of a space-faring vehicle provides a set of conditions unlike anything experienced by bacteria on Earth. The low-shear, diffusion-limited microenvironment with accompanying high levels of ionizing radiation create high stress in bacterial cells, and results in many physiological adaptations. This review gives an overview of the effect spaceflight in general, and real or simulated microgravity in particular, has on primary and secondary metabolism. Some broad trends in primary metabolic responses can be identified. These include increases in carbohydrate metabolism, changes in carbon substrate utilization range, and changes in amino acid metabolism that reflect increased oxidative stress. However, another important trend is that there is no universal bacterial response to microgravity, as different bacteria often have contradictory responses to the same stress. This is exemplified in many of the observed secondary metabolite responses where secondary metabolites may have increased, decreased, or unchanged production in microgravity. Different secondary metabolites in the same organism can even show drastically different production responses. Microgravity can also impact the production profile and localization of secondary metabolites. The inconsistency of bacterial responses to real or simulated microgravity underscores the importance of further research in this area to better understand how microbes can impact the people and systems aboard spacecraft.
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Liu N, Shi F, Yang L, Liao W, Cao Y. Oncogenic viral infection and amino acid metabolism in cancer progression: Molecular insights and clinical implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188724. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury on the Gut Microbiota Composition and Serum Amino Acid Profile in Rats. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091409. [PMID: 35563713 PMCID: PMC9102408 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) heavily impacts the body: it damages the brain tissue and the peripheral nervous system and shifts homeostasis in many types of tissue. An acute brain injury compromises the “brain–gut-microbiome axis”, a well-balanced network formed by the brain, gastrointestinal tract, and gut microbiome, which has a complex effect: damage to the brain alters the composition of the microbiome; the altered microbiome affects TBI severity, neuroplasticity, and metabolic pathways through various bacterial metabolites. We modeled TBI in rats. Using a bioinformatics approach, we sought to identify correlations between the gut microbiome composition, TBI severity, the rate of neurological function recovery, and blood metabolome. We found that the TBI caused changes in the abundance of 26 bacterial genera. The most dramatic change was observed in the abundance of Agathobacter species. The TBI also altered concentrations of several metabolites, specifically citrulline and tryptophan. We found no significant correlations between TBI severity and the pre-existing gut microbiota composition or blood metabolites. However, we discovered some differences between the two groups of subjects that showed high and low rates of neurological function recovery, respectively. The present study highlights the role of the brain–gut-microbiome axis in TBI.
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