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Rosati D, Pradhan A, van Heck JIP, Helder L, Jaeger M, Gow NAR, Joosten LAB, Williams DL, Brown AJP, Bruno M, Netea MG. Candida albicans N-Linked Mannans Potentiate the Induction of Trained Immunity via Dectin-2. J Infect Dis 2024; 230:768-777. [PMID: 38446996 PMCID: PMC11420807 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the Candida albicans cell wall and pattern recognition receptors is crucial for the initiation of host immune responses, which, ultimately, contribute to the clearance of this pathogenic fungus. In the present study, we investigate the ability of C. albicans mannans to modulate immune response and induce innate immune memory (also termed trained immunity). Using mutants of C. albicans that are defective in or lack mannosyl residues, we show that alterations in the mannosylation of the C. albicans cell wall affect the innate cytokine response and strongly reduce the secretion of T-cell-derived cytokines. Subsequently, we demonstrate that the branching of N-linked mannan, but not O-linked mannan, is essential to potentiate the induction of trained immunity, a process mediated by dectin 2. In conclusion, N-linked mannan is needed, in addition to β-glucans, for an effective induction of trained immunity by C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Rosati
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Arnab Pradhan
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Julia I P van Heck
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Leonie Helder
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Jaeger
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Neil A R Gow
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - David L Williams
- Departments of Surgery, Biomedical Sciences and Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alistair J P Brown
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Mariolina Bruno
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department for Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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2
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Chamas A, Svensson CM, Maneira C, Sporniak M, Figge MT, Lackner G. Engineering Adhesion of the Probiotic Strain Escherichia coli Nissle to the Fungal Pathogen Candida albicans. ACS Synth Biol 2024. [PMID: 39265099 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Engineering live biotherapeutic products against fungal pathogens such as Candida albicans has been suggested as a means to tackle the increasing threat of fungal infections and the development of resistance to classical antifungal treatments. One important challenge in the design of live therapeutics is to control their localization inside the human body. The specific binding capability to target organisms or tissues would greatly increase their effectiveness by increasing the local concentration of effector molecules at the site of infection. In this study, we utilized surface display of carbohydrate binding domains to enable the probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 to adhere specifically to the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. Binding was quantified using a newly developed method based on the automated analysis of microscopic images. In addition to a rationally selected chitin binding domain, a synthetic peptide of identical length but distinct sequence also conferred binding. Efficient binding was specific to fungal hyphae, the invasive form of C. albicans, while the yeast form, as well as abiotic cellulose and PET particles, was only weakly recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Chamas
- Junior Research Group Synthetic Microbiology, Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena 07745, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Carl-Magnus Svensson
- Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Carla Maneira
- Junior Research Group Synthetic Microbiology, Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
- Chair of Biochemistry of Microorganisms, Faculty of Life Sciences: Food Nutrition and Health, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95447, Germany
| | - Marta Sporniak
- Junior Research Group Synthetic Microbiology, Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Marc Thilo Figge
- Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
- Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Gerald Lackner
- Junior Research Group Synthetic Microbiology, Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena 07745, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
- Chair of Biochemistry of Microorganisms, Faculty of Life Sciences: Food Nutrition and Health, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95447, Germany
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3
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Tuor M, Stappers MH, Ruchti F, Desgardin A, Sparber F, Orr SJ, Gow NA, LeibundGut-Landmann S. Card9 and MyD88 differentially regulate Th17 immunity to the commensal yeast Malassezia in the murine skin. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.12.603211. [PMID: 39071334 PMCID: PMC11275786 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.12.603211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The fungal community of the skin microbiome is dominated by a single genus, Malassezia. Besides its symbiotic lifestyle at the host interface, this commensal yeast has also been associated with diverse inflammatory skin diseases in humans and pet animals. Stable colonization is maintained by antifungal type 17 immunity. The mechanisms driving Th17 responses to Malassezia remain, however, unclear. Here, we show that the C-type lectin receptors Mincle, Dectin-1, and Dectin-2 recognize conserved patterns in the cell wall of Malassezia and induce dendritic cell activation in vitro, while only Dectin-2 is required for Th17 activation during experimental skin colonization in vivo. In contrast, Toll-like receptor recognition was redundant in this context. Instead, inflammatory IL-1 family cytokines signaling via MyD88 were also implicated in Th17 activation in a T cell-intrinsic manner. Taken together, we characterized the pathways contributing to protective immunity against the most abundant member of the skin mycobiome. This knowledge contributes to the understanding of barrier immunity and its regulation by commensals and is relevant considering how aberrant immune responses are associated with severe skin pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meret Tuor
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty and Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mark H.T. Stappers
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Fiorella Ruchti
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty and Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alice Desgardin
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty and Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Sparber
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty and Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Selinda J. Orr
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Neil A.R. Gow
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Salomé LeibundGut-Landmann
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty and Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
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Glass E, Robinson SL, Rosowski EE. Zebrafish use conserved CLR and TLR signaling pathways to respond to fungal PAMPs in zymosan. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.24.600417. [PMID: 38979385 PMCID: PMC11230284 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.24.600417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are used by hosts to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in microorganisms and to initiate innate immune responses. While PRRs exist across invertebrate and vertebrate species, the functional homology of many of these receptors is still unclear. In this study, we investigate the innate immune response of zebrafish larvae to zymosan, a β-glucan-containing particle derived from fungal cell walls. Macrophages and neutrophils robustly respond to zymosan and are required for zymosan-induced activation of the NF-κB transcription factor. Full activation of NF-κB in response to zymosan depends on Card9/Syk and Myd88, conserved CLR and TLR adaptor proteins, respectively. Two putative CLRs, Clec4c and Sclra, are both required for maximal sensing of zymosan and NF-κB activation. Altogether, we identify conserved PRRs and PRR signaling pathways in larval zebrafish that promote recognition of fungal PAMPs. These results inform modeling of human fungal infections in zebrafish and increase our knowledge of the evolution and conservation of PRR pathways in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Glass
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
- Eukaryotic Pathogens Innovation Center, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
| | - Stephan L. Robinson
- Eukaryotic Pathogens Innovation Center, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
- School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC
| | - Emily E. Rosowski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
- Eukaryotic Pathogens Innovation Center, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
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5
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Katsipoulaki M, Stappers MHT, Malavia-Jones D, Brunke S, Hube B, Gow NAR. Candida albicans and Candida glabrata: global priority pathogens. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2024; 88:e0002123. [PMID: 38832801 PMCID: PMC11332356 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00021-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYA significant increase in the incidence of Candida-mediated infections has been observed in the last decade, mainly due to rising numbers of susceptible individuals. Recently, the World Health Organization published its first fungal pathogen priority list, with Candida species listed in medium, high, and critical priority categories. This review is a synthesis of information and recent advances in our understanding of two of these species-Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. Of these, C. albicans is the most common cause of candidemia around the world and is categorized as a critical priority pathogen. C. glabrata is considered a high-priority pathogen and has become an increasingly important cause of candidemia in recent years. It is now the second most common causative agent of candidemia in many geographical regions. Despite their differences and phylogenetic divergence, they are successful as pathogens and commensals of humans. Both species can cause a broad variety of infections, ranging from superficial to potentially lethal systemic infections. While they share similarities in certain infection strategies, including tissue adhesion and invasion, they differ significantly in key aspects of their biology, interaction with immune cells, host damage strategies, and metabolic adaptations. Here we provide insights on key aspects of their biology, epidemiology, commensal and pathogenic lifestyles, interactions with the immune system, and antifungal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrto Katsipoulaki
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Mark H. T. Stappers
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Dhara Malavia-Jones
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Sascha Brunke
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Neil A. R. Gow
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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6
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Mao Z, Yang L, Lv Y, Chen Y, Zhou M, Fang C, Zhu B, Zhou F, Ding Z. A glucuronogalactomannan isolated from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg: Structure and immunomodulatory activity. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 333:121922. [PMID: 38494202 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
A novel acidic glucuronogalactomannan (STHP-5) was isolated from the aboveground part of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg with a molecular weight of 3.225 × 105 kDa. Analysis of chain conformation showed STHP-5 was approximately a random coil chain. STHP-5 was composed mainly of galactose, mannose, and glucuronic acid. Linkages of glycosides were measured via methylation analysis and verified by NMR. In vitro, STHP-5 induced the production of nitric oxide (NO) and secretion of IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells, indicating STHP-5 had stimulatory activity on macrophages. STHP-5 was proven to function as a TLR4 agonist by inducing the secretion of secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) in HEK-Blue™-hTLR4 cells. The TLR4 activation capacity was quantitatively measured via EC50, and it showed purified polysaccharides had stronger effects (lower EC50) on activating TLR4 compared with crude polysaccharides. In conclusion, our findings suggest STHP-5 may be a novel immunomodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zian Mao
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Yishan Lv
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Yuchi Chen
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Mingyuan Zhou
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Chengnan Fang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Bingqi Zhu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Fangmei Zhou
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
| | - Zhishan Ding
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
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7
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Zhou T, Solis NV, Marshall M, Yao Q, Garleb R, Yang M, Pearlman E, Filler SG, Liu H. Hyphal Als proteins act as CR3 ligands to promote immune responses against Candida albicans. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3926. [PMID: 38724513 PMCID: PMC11082240 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48093-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with decreased levels of CD18 (β2 integrins) suffer from life-threatening bacterial and fungal infections. CD11b, the α subunit of integrin CR3 (CD11b/CD18, αMβ2), is essential for mice to fight against systemic Candida albicans infections. Live elongating C. albicans activates CR3 in immune cells. However, the hyphal ligands that activate CR3 are not well defined. Here, we discovered that the C. albicans Als family proteins are recognized by the I domain of CD11b in macrophages. This recognition synergizes with the β-glucan-bound lectin-like domain to activate CR3, thereby promoting Syk signaling and inflammasome activation. Dectin-2 activation serves as the "outside-in signaling" for CR3 activation at the entry site of incompletely sealed phagosomes, where a thick cuff of F-actin forms to strengthen the local interaction. In vitro, CD18 partially contributes to IL-1β release from dendritic cells induced by purified hyphal Als3. In vivo, Als3 is vital for C. albicans clearance in mouse kidneys. These findings uncover a novel family of ligands for the CR3 I domain that promotes fungal clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Norma V Solis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Michaela Marshall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Qing Yao
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Garleb
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mengli Yang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Zymo Research Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Eric Pearlman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Scott G Filler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Haoping Liu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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8
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Almeida L, van Roey R, Patente TA, Otto F, Veldhuizen T, Ghorasaini M, van Diepen A, Schramm G, Liu J, Idborg H, Korotkova M, Jakobsson PJ, Giera M, Hokke CH, Everts B. High-mannose glycans from Schistosoma mansoni eggs are important for priming of Th2 responses via Dectin-2 and prostaglandin E2. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1372927. [PMID: 38742105 PMCID: PMC11089121 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1372927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The parasitic helminth Schistosoma mansoni is a potent inducer of type 2 immune responses by stimulating dendritic cells (DCs) to prime T helper 2 (Th2) responses. We previously found that S. mansoni soluble egg antigens (SEA) promote the synthesis of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by DCs through ERK-dependent signaling via Dectin-1 and Dectin-2 that subsequently induces OX40L expression, licensing them for Th2 priming, yet the ligands present in SEA involved in driving this response and whether specific targeting of PGE2 synthesis by DCs could affect Th2 polarization are unknown. We here show that the ability of SEA to bind Dectin-2 and drive ERK phosphorylation, PGE2 synthesis, OX40L expression, and Th2 polarization is impaired upon cleavage of high-mannose glycans by Endoglycosidase H treatment. This identifies high-mannose glycans present on glycoproteins in SEA as important drivers of this signaling axis. Moreover, we find that OX40L expression and Th2 induction are abrogated when microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES) is selectively inhibited, but not when a general COX-1/2 inhibitor is used. This shows that the de novo synthesis of PGE2 is vital for the Th2 priming function of SEA-stimulated DCs as well as points to the potential existence of other COX-dependent lipid mediators that antagonize PGE2-driven Th2 polarization. Lastly, specific PGE2 inhibition following immunization with S. mansoni eggs dampened the egg-specific Th cell response. In summary, our findings provide new insights in the molecular mechanisms underpinning Th2 induction by S. mansoni and identify druggable targets for potential control of helminth driven-Th2 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Almeida
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ruthger van Roey
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Frank Otto
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom Veldhuizen
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mohan Ghorasaini
- Centre for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Angela van Diepen
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Gabriele Schramm
- Experimental Pneumology, Research Centre Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Jianyang Liu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Idborg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marina Korotkova
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Giera
- Centre for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Bart Everts
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
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9
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Reis E Sousa C, Yamasaki S, Brown GD. Myeloid C-type lectin receptors in innate immune recognition. Immunity 2024; 57:700-717. [PMID: 38599166 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) expressed by myeloid cells constitute a versatile family of receptors that play a key role in innate immune recognition. Myeloid CLRs exhibit a remarkable ability to recognize an extensive array of ligands, from carbohydrates and beyond, and encompass pattern-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and markers of altered self. These receptors, classified into distinct subgroups, play pivotal roles in immune recognition and modulation of immune responses. Their intricate signaling pathways orchestrate a spectrum of cellular responses, influencing processes such as phagocytosis, cytokine production, and antigen presentation. Beyond their contributions to host defense in viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections, myeloid CLRs have been implicated in non-infectious diseases such as cancer, allergies, and autoimmunity. A nuanced understanding of myeloid CLR interactions with endogenous and microbial triggers is starting to uncover the context-dependent nature of their roles in innate immunity, with implications for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caetano Reis E Sousa
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT London, UK.
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Gordon D Brown
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK.
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10
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Lee JS, Kim C. Role of CARD9 in Cell- and Organ-Specific Immune Responses in Various Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2598. [PMID: 38473845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9) is an intracellular adaptor protein that is abundantly expressed in cells of the myeloid lineage, such as neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. CARD9 plays a critical role in host immunity against infections caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses. A CARD9 deficiency impairs the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines as well as migration and infiltration, thereby increasing susceptibility to infections. However, CARD9 signaling varies depending on the pathogen causing the infection. Furthermore, different studies have reported altered CARD9-mediated signaling even with the same pathogen. Therefore, this review focuses on and elucidates the current literature on varied CARD9 signaling in response to various infectious stimuli in humans and experimental mice models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Seok Lee
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Signaling Research, Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- BK21, Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaekyun Kim
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Signaling Research, Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- BK21, Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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11
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Kim HW, Ko MK, Park SH, Shin S, Kim GS, Kwak DY, Park JH, Kim SM, Lee JS, Lee MJ. D-galacto-D-mannan-mediated Dectin-2 activation orchestrates potent cellular and humoral immunity as a viral vaccine adjuvant. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1330677. [PMID: 38433834 PMCID: PMC10904532 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1330677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Conventional foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines have been developed to enhance their effectiveness; however, several drawbacks remain, such as slow induction of antibody titers, short-lived immune response, and local side effects at the vaccination site. Therefore, we created a novel FMD vaccine that simultaneously induces cellular and humoral immune responses using the Dectin-2 agonist, D-galacto-D-mannan, as an adjuvant. Methods We evaluated the innate and adaptive (cellular and humoral) immune responses elicited by the novel FMD vaccine and elucidated the signaling pathway involved both in vitro and in vivo using mice and pigs, as well as immune cells derived from these animals. Results D-galacto-D-mannan elicited early, mid-, and long-term immunity via simultaneous induction of cellular and humoral immune responses by promoting the expression of immunoregulatory molecules. D-galacto-D-mannan also enhanced the immune response and coordinated vaccine-mediated immune response by suppressing genes associated with excessive inflammatory responses, such as nuclear factor kappa B, via Sirtuin 1 expression. Conclusion Our findings elucidated the immunological mechanisms induced by D-galacto-D-mannan, suggesting a background for the robust cellular and humoral immune responses induced by FMD vaccines containing D-galacto-D-mannan. Our study will help to facilitate the improvement of conventional FMD vaccines and the design of next-generation FMD vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Won Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyeong Ko
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hui Park
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokwon Shin
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang Sik Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yun Kwak
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Mi Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ja Lee
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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12
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Zhang FY, Lian N, Li M. Macrophage pyroptosis induced by Candida albicans. Pathog Dis 2024; 82:ftae003. [PMID: 38499444 PMCID: PMC11162155 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans (C. albicans) is a prevalent opportunistic pathogen that causes mucocutaneous and systemic infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Macrophages play a crucial role in eliminating C. albicans in local and bloodstream contexts, while also regulating antifungal immune responses. However, C. albicans can induce macrophage lysis through pyroptosis, a type of regulated cell death. This process can enable C. albicans to escape from immune cells and trigger the release of IL-1β and IL-18, which can impact both the host and the pathogen. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which C. albicans triggers pyroptosis in macrophages and the key factors involved in this process remain unclear. In this review, we will explore various factors that may influence or trigger pyroptosis in macrophages induced by C. albicans, such as hypha, ergosterol, cell wall remodeling, and other virulence factors. We will also examine the possible immune response following macrophage pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-yuan Zhang
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 12th. JiangWangmiao street, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Ni Lian
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 12th. JiangWangmiao street, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Min Li
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 12th. JiangWangmiao street, Nanjing, 210042, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101st. LongMian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
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13
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Gupta A, Yadav K, Yadav A, Ahmad R, Srivastava A, Kumar D, Khan MA, Dwivedi UN. Mannose-specific plant and microbial lectins as antiviral agents: A review. Glycoconj J 2024; 41:1-33. [PMID: 38244136 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Lectins are non-immunological carbohydrate-binding proteins classified on the basis of their structure, origin, and sugar specificity. The binding specificity of such proteins with the surface glycan moiety determines their activity and clinical applications. Thus, lectins hold great potential as diagnostic and drug discovery agents and as novel biopharmaceutical products. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in understanding plant and microbial lectins as therapeutic agents against various viral diseases. Among them, mannose-specific lectins have being proven as promising antiviral agents against a variety of viruses, such as HIV, Influenza, Herpes, Ebola, Hepatitis, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-1 (SARS-CoV-1), Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and most recent Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The binding of mannose-binding lectins (MBLs) from plants and microbes to high-mannose containing N-glycans (which may be simple or complex) of glycoproteins found on the surface of viruses has been found to be highly specific and mainly responsible for their antiviral activity. MBLs target various steps in the viral life cycle, including viral attachment, entry and replication. The present review discusses the brief classification and structure of lectins along with antiviral activity of various mannose-specific lectins from plants and microbial sources and their diagnostic and therapeutic applications against viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kusum Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Anurag Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, C.P. College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agriculture University, District-Banaskantha, Gujarat, India
| | - Rumana Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Aditi Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Language University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Amir Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - U N Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Wang B, Liu S, Li H, Dong W, Liu H, Zhang J, Tian C, Dong S. Facile Preparation of Carbohydrate-Containing Adjuvants Based on Self-Assembling Glycopeptide Conjugates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202309140. [PMID: 37950683 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are intriguing biomolecules possessing diverse biological activities, including immune stimulating capability. However, their biomedical applications have been limited by their complex and heterogeneous structures. In this study, we have utilized a self-assembling glycopeptide conjugate (GPC) system to produce uniform nanoribbons appending homogeneous oligosaccharides with multivalency. This system successfully translates the nontrivial structural differences of oligomannoses into varied binding affinities to C-type lectin receptors (CLRs). We have shown that GPCs could promote the CLR-mediated endocytosis of ovalbumin (OVA) antigen, and two mannotriose-modified peptides F3m2 and F3m5 exhibit potent activity in inducing antigen-presenting cell maturation, as indicated by increased CD86 and MHCII expression. In vivo studies demonstrated that GPCs, combined with OVA antigen, significantly enhanced OVA-specific antibody production. Specifically, F3m2 and F3m5 exhibited the highest immunostimulatory effects, eliciting both Th1- and Th2-biased immune responses and promoting differentiation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. These findings highlight the potential of GPCs as vaccine adjuvants, and showcase their versatility in exploiting the biological functions of carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Haoting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Weidong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Haiyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Suwei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
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15
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Cardoso-Miguel MDRD, Bürgel PH, de Castro RJA, Marina CL, de Oliveira SA, Albuquerque P, Silva-Pereira I, Bocca AL, Tavares AH. Dectin-2 is critical for phagocyte function and resistance to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in mice. Med Mycol 2023; 61:myad117. [PMID: 37960963 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myad117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors, particularly C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), are essential for phagocytes to sense invading fungal cells. Among CLRs, Dectin-2 (encoded by Clec4n) plays a critical role in the antifungal immune response as it recognizes high-mannose polysaccharides on the fungal cell wall, triggering phagocyte functional activities and ultimately determining adaptive responses. Here, we assessed the role of Dectin-2 on the course of primary Paracoccidioides brasiliensis systemic infection in mice with Dectin-2-targeted deletion. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis constitutes the principal etiologic agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, the most prominent invasive mycosis in Latin American countries. The deficiency of Dectin-2 resulted in shortened survival rates, high lung fungal burden, and increased lung pathology in mice infected with P. brasiliensis. Consistently, dendritic cells (DCs) from mice lacking Dectin-2 infected ex vivo with P. brasiliensis showed impaired secretion of several proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10. Additionally, when cocultured with splenic lymphocytes, DCs were less efficient in promoting a type 1 cytokine pattern secretion (i.e., IFN-γ). In macrophages, Dectin-2-mediated signaling was required to ensure phagocytosis and fungicidal activity associated with nitric oxide production. Overall, Dectin-2-mediated signaling is critical to promote host protection against P. brasiliensis infection, and its exploitation might lead to the development of new vaccines and immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana de Resende Damas Cardoso-Miguel
- Graduate Program in Microbial Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Bürgel
- Graduate Program in Microbial Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Raffael Júnio Araújo de Castro
- Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Clara Luna Marina
- Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Stephan Alberto de Oliveira
- Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Albuquerque
- Graduate Program in Microbial Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Pathogenic Fungi, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Laboratory of Microorganism, Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Ildinete Silva-Pereira
- Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Pathogenic Fungi, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Anamélia Lorenzetti Bocca
- Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Aldo Henrique Tavares
- Graduate Program in Microbial Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Laboratory of Microorganism, Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Goughenour KD, Nair AS, Xu J, Olszewski MA, Wozniak KL. Dendritic Cells: Multifunctional Roles in Host Defenses to Cryptococcus Infections. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1050. [PMID: 37998856 PMCID: PMC10672120 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections are an increasingly growing public health concern, and Cryptococcus is one of the most problematic fungal organisms causing substantial mortality and morbidity worldwide. Clinically, this high incidence of cryptococcosis is most commonly seen in immunocompromised patients, especially those who lack an adaptive T cell response, such as HIV/AIDS patients. However, patients with other underlying immunodeficiencies are also at an increased risk for cryptococcosis. The adaptive immune response, in particular the Th1/Th17 T-cell-mediated responses, to pulmonary Cryptococcus infections are required for host protection. Dendritic cells (DCs), encompassing multiple subsets identified to date, are recognized as the major professional antigen-presenting cell (APC) subset essential for the initiation and execution of T-cell immunity. Apart from their prominent role in orchestration of the adaptive arm of the immune defenses, DCs are fully armed cells from the innate immune system capable of the recognition, uptake, and killing of the fungal cells. Thus, DCs serve as a critical point for the endpoint outcomes of either fungal control or unrestrained fungal infection. Multiple studies have shown that DCs are required for anti-cryptococcal defense in the lungs. In addition, the role of DCs in Cryptococcus gattii infections is just starting to be elucidated. C. gattii has recently risen to prominence with multiple outbreaks in the US and Canada, demonstrating increased virulence in non-immunocompromised individuals. C. gattii infection fails to generate an inflammatory immune response or a protective Th1/Th17 T cell response, at least in part, through a lack of proper DC function. Here we summarize the multiple roles of DCs, including subsets of DCs in both mouse and human models, the roles of DCs during cryptococcal infection, and mechanisms by cryptococcal cells to attempt to undermine these host defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie D. Goughenour
- Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor VA Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ayesha S. Nair
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Jintao Xu
- Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor VA Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michal A. Olszewski
- Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor VA Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Karen L. Wozniak
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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Wagner AS, Lumsdaine SW, Mangrum MM, Reynolds TB. Caspofungin-induced β(1,3)-glucan exposure in Candida albicans is driven by increased chitin levels. mBio 2023; 14:e0007423. [PMID: 37377417 PMCID: PMC10470516 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00074-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To successfully induce disease, Candida albicans must effectively evade the host immune system. One mechanism used by C. albicans to achieve this is to mask immunogenic β(1,3)-glucan epitopes within its cell wall under an outer layer of mannosylated glycoproteins. Consequently, induction of β(1,3)-glucan exposure (unmasking) via genetic or chemical manipulation increases fungal recognition by host immune cells in vitro and attenuates disease during systemic infection in mice. Treatment with the echinocandin caspofungin is one of the most potent drivers of β(1,3)-glucan exposure. Several reports using murine infection models suggest a role for the immune system, and specifically host β(1,3)-glucan receptors, in mediating the efficacy of echinocandin treatment in vivo. However, the mechanism by which caspofungin-induced unmasking occurs is not well understood. In this report, we show that foci of unmasking co-localize with areas of increased chitin within the yeast cell wall in response to caspofungin, and that inhibition of chitin synthesis via nikkomycin Z attenuates caspofungin-induced β(1,3)-glucan exposure. Furthermore, we find that both the calcineurin and Mkc1 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways work synergistically to regulate β(1,3)-glucan exposure and chitin synthesis in response to drug treatment. When either of these pathways are interrupted, it results in a bimodal population of cells containing either high or low chitin content. Importantly, increased unmasking correlates with increased chitin content within these cells. Microscopy further indicates that caspofungin-induced unmasking correlates with actively growing cells. Collectively, our work presents a model in which chitin synthesis induces unmasking within the cell wall in response to caspofungin in growing cells. IMPORTANCE Systemic candidiasis has reported mortality rates ranging from 20% to 40%. The echinocandins, including caspofungin, are first-line antifungals used to treat systemic candidiasis. However, studies in mice have shown that echinocandin efficacy relies on both its cidal impacts on Candida albicans, as well as a functional immune system to successfully clear invading fungi. In addition to direct C. albicans killing, caspofungin increases exposure (unmasking) of immunogenic β(1,3)-glucan moieties. To evade immune detection, β(1,3)-glucan is normally masked within the C. albicans cell wall. Consequently, unmasked β(1,3)-glucan renders these cells more visible to the host immune system and attenuates disease progression. Therefore, discovery of how caspofungin-induced unmasking occurs is needed to elucidate how the drug facilitates host immune system-mediated clearance in vivo. We report a strong and consistent correlation between chitin deposition and unmasking in response to caspofungin and propose a model in which altered chitin synthesis drives increased unmasking during drug exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Wagner
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Mikayla M. Mangrum
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Todd B. Reynolds
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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Leroy J, Lecointe K, Coulon P, Sendid B, Robert R, Poulain D. Antibodies as Models and Tools to Decipher Candida albicans Pathogenic Development: Review about a Unique Monoclonal Antibody Reacting with Immunomodulatory Adhesins. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:636. [PMID: 37367572 DOI: 10.3390/jof9060636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Candidiasis, caused mainly by Candida albicans, a natural commensal of the human digestive tract and vagina, is the most common opportunistic fungal infection at the mucosal and systemic levels. Its high morbi-mortality rates have led to considerable research to identify the molecular mechanisms associated with the switch to pathogenic development and to diagnose this process as accurately as possible. Since the 1980s, the advent of monoclonal antibody (mAb) technology has led to significant progress in both interrelated fields. This linear review, intended to be didactic, was prompted by considering how, over several decades, a single mAb designated 5B2 contributed to the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis based on β-1,2-linked oligomannoside expression in Candida species. These contributions starting from the structural identification of the minimal epitope as a di-mannoside from the β-1,2 series consisted then in the demonstration that it was shared by a large number of cell wall proteins differently anchored in the cell wall and the discovery of a cell wall glycoplipid shed by the yeast in contact of host cells, the phospholipomannan. Cytological analysis revealed an overall highly complex epitope expression at the cell surface concerning all growth phases and a patchy distribution resulting from the merging of cytoplasmic vesicles to plasmalema and further secretion through cell wall channels. On the host side, the mAb 5B2 led to identification of Galectin-3 as the human receptor dedicated to β-mannosides and signal transduction pathways leading to cytokine secretion directing host immune responses. Clinical applications concerned in vivo imaging of Candida infectious foci, direct examination of clinical samples and detection of circulating serum antigens that complement the Platelia Ag test for an increased sensitivity of diagnosis. Finally, the most interesting character of mAb 5B2 is probably its ability to reveal C. albicans pathogenic behaviour in reacting specifically with vaginal secretions from women infected versus colonized by this species as well as to display higher reactivity with strains isolated in pathogenic circumstances or even linked to an unfavourable prognosis for systemic candidiasis. Together with a detailed referenced description of these studies, the review provides a complementary reading frame by listing the wide range of technologies involving mAb 5B2 over time, evidencing a practical robustness and versatility unique so far in the Candida field. Finally, the basic and clinical perspectives opened up by these studies are briefly discussed with regard to prospects for future applications of mAb 5B2 in current research challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Leroy
- CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- INSERM U1285, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Karine Lecointe
- CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- INSERM U1285, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Pauline Coulon
- CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Boualem Sendid
- CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- INSERM U1285, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Raymond Robert
- Kalidiv ZA, La Garde Bâtiment 1 B, Allée du 9 Novembre 1989, F-49240 Avrillé, France
| | - Daniel Poulain
- CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- INSERM U1285, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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Gaziano R, Sabbatini S, Monari C. The Interplay between Candida albicans, Vaginal Mucosa, Host Immunity and Resident Microbiota in Health and Disease: An Overview and Future Perspectives. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1211. [PMID: 37317186 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), which is primarily caused by Candida albicans, is an infection that affects up to 75% of all reproductive-age women worldwide. Recurrent VVC (RVVC) is defined as >3 episodes per year and affects nearly 8% of women globally. At mucosal sites of the vagina, a delicate and complex balance exists between Candida spp., host immunity and local microbial communities. In fact, both immune response and microbiota composition play a central role in counteracting overgrowth of the fungus and maintaining homeostasis in the host. If this balance is perturbed, the conditions may favor C. albicans overgrowth and the yeast-to-hyphal transition, predisposing the host to VVC. To date, the factors that affect the equilibrium between Candida spp. and the host and drive the transition from C. albicans commensalism to pathogenicity are not yet fully understood. Understanding the host- and fungus-related factors that drive VVC pathogenesis is of paramount importance for the development of adequate therapeutic interventions to combat this common genital infection. This review focuses on the latest advances in the pathogenic mechanisms implicated in the onset of VVC and also discusses novel potential strategies, with a special focus on the use of probiotics and vaginal microbiota transplantation in the treatment and/or prevention of recurrent VVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Gaziano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Samuele Sabbatini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Medical Microbiology Section, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Monari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Medical Microbiology Section, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
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20
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Meagher RB, Lewis ZA, Ambati S, Lin X. DectiSomes: C-type lectin receptor-targeted liposomes as pan-antifungal drugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 196:114776. [PMID: 36934519 PMCID: PMC10133202 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Combatting the ever-increasing threat from invasive fungal pathogens faces numerous fundamental challenges, including constant human exposure to large reservoirs of species in the environment, the increasing population of immunocompromised or immunosuppressed individuals, the unsatisfactory efficacy of current antifungal drugs and their associated toxicity, and the scientific and economic barriers limiting a new antifungal pipeline. DectiSomes represent a new drug delivery platform that enhances antifungal efficacy for diverse fungal pathogens and reduces host toxicity for current and future antifungals. DectiSomes employ pathogen receptor proteins - C-type lectins - to target drug-loaded liposomes to conserved fungal cognate ligands and away from host cells. DectiSomes represent one leap forward for urgently needed effective pan-antifungal therapy. Herein, we discuss the problems of battling fungal diseases and the state of DectiSome development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Meagher
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Zachary A Lewis
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Suresh Ambati
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Xiaorong Lin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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21
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Shahi A, Afzali S, Firoozi Z, Mohaghegh P, Moravej A, Hosseinipour A, Bahmanyar M, Mansoori Y. Potential roles of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:513-532. [PMID: 36649375 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
There is a heterogeneous group of rare illnesses that fall into the vasculitis category and are characterized mostly by blood vessel inflammation. Ischemia and disrupted blood flow will cause harm to the organs whose blood arteries become inflamed. Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most prevalent kind of vasculitis in children aged 5 years or younger. Because KD's cardiovascular problems might persist into adulthood, it is no longer thought of as a self-limiting disease. KD is a systemic vasculitis with unknown initiating factors. Numerous factors, such as genetic predisposition and infectious pathogens, are implicated in the etiology of KD. As endothelial cell damage and inflammation can lead to coronary endothelial dysfunction in KD, some studies hypothesized the crucial role of pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of KD. Additionally, pyroptosis-related proteins like caspase-1, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), proinflammatory cytokines like IL-1 and IL-18, lactic dehydrogenase, and Gasdermin D (GSDMD) have been found to be overexpressed in KD patients when compared to healthy controls. These occurrences may point to an involvement of inflammasomes and pyroptotic cell death in the etiology of KD and suggest potential treatment targets. Based on these shreds of evidence, in this review, we aim to focus on one of the well-defined inflammasomes, NLRP3, and its role in the pathophysiology of KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Shahi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Afzali
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Firoozi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Poopak Mohaghegh
- Pediatrics Department, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Ali Moravej
- Department of Immunology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Ali Hosseinipour
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Maryam Bahmanyar
- Pediatrics Department, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Yaser Mansoori
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
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22
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Fuchsberger FF, Kim D, Baranova N, Vrban H, Kagelmacher M, Wawrzinek R, Rademacher C. Information transfer in mammalian glycan-based communication. eLife 2023; 12:69415. [PMID: 36803584 PMCID: PMC10014076 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycan-binding proteins, so-called lectins, are exposed on mammalian cell surfaces and decipher the information encoded within glycans translating it into biochemical signal transduction pathways in the cell. These glycan-lectin communication pathways are complex and difficult to analyze. However, quantitative data with single-cell resolution provide means to disentangle the associated signaling cascades. We chose C-type lectin receptors (CTLs) expressed on immune cells as a model system to study their capacity to transmit information encoded in glycans of incoming particles. In particular, we used nuclear factor kappa-B-reporter cell lines expressing DC-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), macrophage C-type lectin (MCL), dectin-1, dectin-2, and macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (MINCLE), as well as TNFαR and TLR-1&2 in monocytic cell lines and compared their transmission of glycan-encoded information. All receptors transmit information with similar signaling capacity, except dectin-2. This lectin was identified to be less efficient in information transmission compared to the other CTLs, and even when the sensitivity of the dectin-2 pathway was enhanced by overexpression of its co-receptor FcRγ, its transmitted information was not. Next, we expanded our investigation toward the integration of multiple signal transduction pathways including synergistic lectins, which is crucial during pathogen recognition. We show how the signaling capacity of lectin receptors using a similar signal transduction pathway (dectin-1 and dectin-2) is being integrated by compromising between the lectins. In contrast, co-expression of MCL synergistically enhanced the dectin-2 signaling capacity, particularly at low-glycan stimulant concentration. By using dectin-2 and other lectins as examples, we demonstrate how signaling capacity of dectin-2 is modulated in the presence of other lectins, and therefore, the findings provide insight into how immune cells translate glycan information using multivalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix F Fuchsberger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesPotsdamGermany
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz LabsViennaAustria
| | - Dongyoon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesPotsdamGermany
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz LabsViennaAustria
| | - Natalia Baranova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz LabsViennaAustria
| | - Hanka Vrban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz LabsViennaAustria
| | - Marten Kagelmacher
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesPotsdamGermany
| | - Robert Wawrzinek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesPotsdamGermany
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz LabsViennaAustria
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesPotsdamGermany
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz LabsViennaAustria
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23
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Eswar K, Mukherjee S, Ganesan P, Kumar Rengan A. Immunomodulatory Natural Polysaccharides: An Overview of the Mechanisms Involved. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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24
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Infection and Immunity. Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818006-8.00007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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25
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Jaswal K, Todd OA, Behnsen J. Neglected gut microbiome: interactions of the non-bacterial gut microbiota with enteric pathogens. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2226916. [PMID: 37365731 PMCID: PMC10305517 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2226916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A diverse array of commensal microorganisms inhabits the human intestinal tract. The most abundant and most studied members of this microbial community are undoubtedly bacteria. Their important role in gut physiology, defense against pathogens, and immune system education has been well documented over the last decades. However, the gut microbiome is not restricted to bacteria. It encompasses the entire breadth of microbial life: viruses, archaea, fungi, protists, and parasitic worms can also be found in the gut. While less studied than bacteria, their divergent but important roles during health and disease have become increasingly more appreciated. This review focuses on these understudied members of the gut microbiome. We will detail the composition and development of these microbial communities and will specifically highlight their functional interactions with enteric pathogens, such as species of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The interactions can be direct through physical interactions, or indirect through secreted metabolites or modulation of the immune response. We will present general concepts and specific examples of how non-bacterial gut communities modulate bacterial pathogenesis and present an outlook for future gut microbiome research that includes these communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Jaswal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Olivia A Todd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Judith Behnsen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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26
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Hu A, Hu Z, Zou H, Zhang J, Zhang D, Wang H, Zhong J, Chen B. CARD9 in host immunity to fungal, bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections: An update. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1021837. [PMID: 36439825 PMCID: PMC9682022 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1021837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial infection, caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, and parasites, significantly contributes to the global death burden and health costs. The innate and adaptive immune systems orchestrate a multifaceted signaling response to invading pathogens as the human antimicrobial system. In this process, caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9) emerges as a critical intermediary adaptor molecule to participate in regulating a series of antimicrobial immune reactions. Previous publications have confirmed that CARD9 plays a crucial role in fungal, bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections. In this study, we aim to provide an update on the recent clinical and basic studies where the mechanism and function of CARD9 have been further studied and understood. In addition, we summarize the latest treatment and prevention strategies based on CARD9 and discuss the current perspectives and future direction of CARD9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zeming Hu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Haohong Zou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jiankang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Dongliang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jianing Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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27
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Hao HN, Song YY, Ma KN, Wang BN, Long SR, Liu RD, Zhang X, Wang ZQ, Cui J. A novel C-type lectin from Trichinella spiralis mediates larval invasion of host intestinal epithelial cells. Vet Res 2022; 53:85. [PMID: 36258242 PMCID: PMC9580147 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of a novel type C lectin from Trichinella spiralis (TsCTL) and its role in larval invasion of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). TsCTL has a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of C-type lectin. The full-length TsCTL cDNA sequence was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The results of qPCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays (IFAs) showed that TsCTL was a surface and secretory protein that was highly expressed at the T. spiralis intestinal infective larva (IIL) stages and primarily located at the cuticle, stichosome and embryos of the parasite. rTsCTL could specifically bind with IECs, and the binding site was localized in the IEC nucleus and cytoplasm. The IFA results showed that natural TsCTL was secreted and bound to the enteral epithelium at the intestinal stage of T. spiralis infection. The rTsCTL had a haemagglutinating effect on murine erythrocytes, while mannose was able to inhibit the rTsCTL agglutinating effect for mouse erythrocytes. rTsCTL accelerated larval intrusion into the IECs, whereas anti-rTsCTL antibodies and mannose significantly impeded larval intrusion in a dose-dependent manner. The results indicated that TsCTL specifically binds to IECs and promotes larval invasion of intestinal epithelium, and it might be a potential target of vaccines against T. spiralis enteral stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Nan Hao
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Yan Yan Song
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Kai Ning Ma
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Bo Ning Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Shao Rong Long
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Ruo Dan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
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28
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Abstract
Through their specific interactions with proteins, cellular glycans play key roles in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. One of the main goals of research in the areas of glycobiology and glycomedicine is to understand glycan-protein interactions at the molecular level. Over the past two decades, glycan microarrays have become powerful tools for the rapid evaluation of interactions between glycans and proteins. In this review, we briefly describe methods used for the preparation of glycan probes and the construction of glycan microarrays. Next, we highlight applications of glycan microarrays to rapid profiling of glycan-binding patterns of plant, animal and pathogenic lectins, as well as other proteins. Finally, we discuss other important uses of glycan microarrays, including the rapid analysis of substrate specificities of carbohydrate-active enzymes, the quantitative determination of glycan-protein interactions, discovering high-affinity or selective ligands for lectins, and identifying functional glycans within cells. We anticipate that this review will encourage researchers to employ glycan microarrays in diverse glycan-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Young Hyun
- Department of Drug Discovery, Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Injae Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Fang X, Lian H, Bi S, Liu S, Yuan X, Liao C. Roles of pattern recognition receptors in response to fungal keratitis. Life Sci 2022; 307:120881. [PMID: 35963303 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fungal keratitis is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide, which has become an increasingly serious threat to public ocular health, but no effective treatment strategies are available now. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the innate immune system are the first line of host defense against fungal infections. They could recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and trigger an array of inflammatory responses. Over the last decades, research has resulted in significant progress regarding the roles of PRRs in fungal keratitis. This review will highlight the importance of several pattern recognition receptors (C-type lectin-like receptors, Toll-like receptors, and NOD-like receptors) in regulating the innate immunity under fungal keratitis and describe the crosstalk and collaboration in PRRs contributing to disease pathology. Meanwhile, some potential therapy-based PRRs against corneal fungal infections are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Fang
- The School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin 300020, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Huifang Lian
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China; Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin 300020, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Shihao Bi
- Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaoyong Yuan
- The School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China; Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin 300020, China.
| | - Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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30
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Dectin-2 promotes house dust mite-skewed Th2 response through the activation of cDC2s. Cell Immunol 2022; 378:104558. [PMID: 35717749 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The role of Dectin-2 (gene symbol, Clec4n) in house dust mite (HDM) induced Th2 immune response and the exact mechanism remains controversial. In this study, we illustrated that, Clec4n-/- mice had decreased Th2 immune response following HDM challenge, which may ascribe to dramatically reduced type 2 conventional dendritic cells (cDC2s) in lung of Clec4n-/- mice, as cDC2s from lung of Clec4n-/- mice after challenging had less ability to induce Th2 response with decreased production of IL-4/IL-13. Further in vitro experiments showed the activation of Clec4n-/--BMDCs significantly decreased after HDM stimulation accompanied with decreased activation of Syk-NF-κB and Syk-JNK signal pathway. Importantly, Dectin-2 expression in PBMCs from asthmatic patients was significantly higher than that in healthy controls. Taken together, these results demonstrated that Dectin-2 could promote cDC2s activation in lung, which polarizes Th2 immune response outlining a novel mechanism of asthma development.
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31
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Cummings RD. The mannose receptor ligands and the macrophage glycome. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2022; 75:102394. [PMID: 35617912 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A unique glycan-binding protein expressed in macrophages and some types of other immune cells is the mannose receptor (MR, CD206). It is an endocytic, transmembrane protein with multiple glycan-binding domains and different specificities in binding glycans. The mannose receptor is important as it has major roles in diverse biological processes, including regulation of circulating levels of reproductive hormones, homeostasis, innate immunity, and infections. These different functions involve the recognition of a wide range of glycans, and their nature is currently under intense study. But the mannose receptor is just one of many glycan-binding proteins expressed in macrophages, leading to an interest in the potential relationship between the macrophage glycome and how it may regulate cognate glycan-binding protein activities. This review focuses primarily on the mannose receptor and its carbohydrate ligands, as well as macrophages and their glycomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Cummings
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, CLS 11087 - 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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32
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Cao H, Mathur A, Robertson C, Antonopoulos A, Henderson S, Girard LP, Wong JH, Davie A, Wright S, Brewin J, Rees DC, Dell A, Haslam SM, Vickers MA. Measurement of erythrocyte membrane mannoses to assess splenic function. Br J Haematol 2022; 198:155-164. [PMID: 35411940 PMCID: PMC9321840 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) lose plasma membrane in the spleen as they age, but the cells and molecules involved are yet to be identified. Sickle cell disease and infection by Plasmodium falciparum cause oxidative stress that induces aggregates of cross‐linked proteins with N‐linked high‐mannose glycans (HMGs). These glycans can be recognised by mannose‐binding lectins, including the mannose receptor (CD206), expressed on macrophages and specialised phagocytic endothelial cells in the spleen to mediate the extravascular haemolysis characteristic of these diseases. We postulated this system might also mediate removal of molecules and membrane in healthy individuals. Surface expression of HMGs on RBCs from patients who had previously undergone splenectomy was therefore assessed: high levels were indeed observable as large membrane aggregates. Glycomic analysis by mass spectrometry identified a mixture of Man5‐9GlcNAc2 structures. HMG levels correlated well with manual pit counts (r = 0.75–0.85). To assess further whether HMGs might act as a splenic reticuloendothelial function test, we measured levels on RBCs from patients with potential functional hyposplenism, some of whom exhibited high levels that may indicate risk of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Cao
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Abhinav Mathur
- Department of Haematology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | | | - Sadie Henderson
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Jin Hien Wong
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Adam Davie
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Sonja Wright
- Department of Haematology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - John Brewin
- Department of Haematology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - David C Rees
- Department of Haematology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mark A Vickers
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,Department of Haematology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK.,Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Aberdeen, UK
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33
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An H, Qian C, Huang Y, Li J, Tian X, Feng J, Hu J, Fang Y, Jiao F, Zeng Y, Huang X, Meng X, Liu X, Lin X, Zeng Z, Guilliams M, Beschin A, Chen Y, Wu Y, Wang J, Oggioni MR, Leong J, Veening JW, Deng H, Zhang R, Wang H, Wu J, Cui Y, Zhang JR. Functional vulnerability of liver macrophages to capsules defines virulence of blood-borne bacteria. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20212032. [PMID: 35258552 PMCID: PMC8908791 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20212032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many encapsulated bacteria use capsules to cause invasive diseases. However, it remains largely unknown how the capsules enhance bacterial virulence under in vivo infection conditions. Here we show that the capsules primarily target the liver to enhance bacterial survival at the onset of blood-borne infections. In a mouse sepsis model, the capsules enabled human pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli to circumvent the recognition of liver-resident macrophage Kupffer cells (KCs) in a capsular serotype-dependent manner. In contrast to effective capture of acapsular bacteria by KCs, the encapsulated bacteria are partially (low-virulence types) or completely (high-virulence types) "untouchable" for KCs. We finally identified the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGR) as the first known capsule receptor on KCs to recognize the low-virulence serotype-7F and -14 pneumococcal capsules. Our data identify the molecular interplay between the capsules and KCs as a master controller of the fate and virulence of encapsulated bacteria, and suggest that the interplay is targetable for therapeutic control of septic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran An
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyun Qian
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yijia Huang
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianbin Tian
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaying Feng
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Fang
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Jiao
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuna Zeng
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueting Huang
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianbin Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xin Lin
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhutian Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Martin Guilliams
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Homeostasis and Regeneration, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain Beschin
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije University Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yongwen Chen
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - John Leong
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Jan-Willem Veening
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Haiteng Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Ren Zhang
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Kim S, Lee J, Im S, Kim WJ. Injectable immunogel based on polymerized phenylboronic acid and mannan for cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2022; 345:138-146. [PMID: 35271910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The recent development and prospects of cancer immunotherapy have led to diversification of the types of therapeutic agents used. By simultaneously administering various agents, a more effective therapeutic effect can be expected due to the synergistic effects of multiple therapeutics. In particular, if a substance with adjuvanticity and tumor antigen is delivered at the same time, enhanced cancer immunotherapy can be achieved through high cross-presentation and antigen-presenting cell (APC) maturation. To this end, we developed a polymerized phenylboronic acid (pPBA)-based immunogel for the simultaneous delivery of mannan, which has adjuvanticity and tumor antigen. The immunogel was formed by simple mixing of the polysaccharide mannan with pPBA through the formation of phenylboronic ester between the diol of mannose monomers and phenylboronic acids of pPBA. The immunogel was slowly degraded by hydrolysis to release the loaded tumor antigen. In addition, the released mannan played a key role in both APC maturation in vitro and the upregulation of cross-presentation. Finally, the pPBA-mannan immunogel exhibited a significant anticancer effect in the 4 T1 cell-inoculated mouse model, implying the potential of a codelivery system of antigens and adjuvants for effective cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonil Kim
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH-CATHOLIC Biomedical Engineering Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH-CATHOLIC Biomedical Engineering Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; OmniaMed Co, Ltd., Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooseok Im
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; OmniaMed Co, Ltd., Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH-CATHOLIC Biomedical Engineering Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; OmniaMed Co, Ltd., Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
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35
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Chen T, Wagner AS, Reynolds TB. When Is It Appropriate to Take Off the Mask? Signaling Pathways That Regulate ß(1,3)-Glucan Exposure in Candida albicans. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2022; 3:842501. [PMID: 36908584 PMCID: PMC10003681 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2022.842501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Candida spp. are an important source of systemic and mucosal infections in immune compromised populations. However, drug resistance or toxicity has put limits on the efficacy of current antifungals. The C. albicans cell wall is considered a good therapeutic target due to its roles in viability and fungal pathogenicity. One potential method for improving antifungal strategies could be to enhance the detection of fungal cell wall antigens by host immune cells. ß(1,3)-glucan, which is an important component of fungal cell walls, is a highly immunogenic epitope. Consequently, multiple host pattern recognition receptors, such as dectin-1, complement receptor 3 (CR3), and the ephrin type A receptor A (EphA2) are capable of recognizing exposed (unmasked) ß(1,3)-glucan moieties on the cell surface to initiate an anti-fungal immune response. However, ß(1,3)-glucan is normally covered (masked) by a layer of glycosylated proteins on the outer surface of the cell wall, hiding it from immune detection. In order to better understand possible mechanisms of unmasking ß(1,3)-glucan, we must develop a deeper comprehension of the pathways driving this phenotype. In this review, we describe the medical importance of ß(1,3)-glucan exposure in anti-fungal immunity, and highlight environmental stimuli and stressors encountered within the host that are capable of inducing changes in the levels of surface exposed ß(1,3)-glucan. Furthermore, particular focus is placed on how signal transduction cascades regulate changes in ß(1,3)-glucan exposure, as understanding the role that these pathways have in mediating this phenotype will be critical for future therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Andrew S. Wagner
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Todd B. Reynolds
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
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36
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Blankson V, Lobato-Pascual A, Saether PC, Fossum S, Dissen E, Daws MR. Human MCL forms a heteromeric receptor complex with Mincle but not Dectin-2. Scand J Immunol 2022; 95:e13149. [PMID: 35194806 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
MCL, Mincle and Dectin-2 are C-type lectin receptors expressed by subsets of myeloid cells, and their genes cluster together in the APLEC/Dectin-2 gene complex. We have previously shown that MCL and Mincle form a heterodimer in the rat, and others have shown that MCL and Dectin-2 form a heterodimer in the mouse. In the rat, Dectin-2 is a pseudogene, but here we examine the association of the three receptors in human. In co-transfection experiments analyzed with flow cytometry and immunoprecipitation, we here show that human MCL and Mincle form a disulfide-linked heterodimer that associates with the signaling adaptor molecule FcεRIγ, in accordance with our previous findings in the rat. In contrast to previous findings in the rat, data in this paper indicate a direct association of MCL with FcεRIγ, as previously shown for mouse MCL. We were unable to demonstrate the formation of a heterodimer between human MCL and Dectin-2. Thus, despite similarities, there may be important differences in the conformation of these receptors between rat, mouse and human, and this may have functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Blankson
- Division of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ana Lobato-Pascual
- Division of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Reproductive Medicine Group, Women and Children's Division, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Per Christian Saether
- Division of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,B304 Department of Multidisciplinary Laboratory Medicine and Medical Biochemistry, Akershus University Hospital, Norway
| | - Sigbjørn Fossum
- Division of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik Dissen
- Division of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael R Daws
- Division of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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37
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Krabicová I, Dolenský B, Řezanka M. Selectivity of 1- O-Propargyl-d-Mannose Preparations. Molecules 2022; 27:1483. [PMID: 35268584 PMCID: PMC8911549 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thanks to their ability to bind to specific biological receptors, mannosylated structures are examined in biomedical applications. One of the most common ways of linking a functional moiety to a structure is to use an azide-alkyne click reaction. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare and isolate a propargylated mannose derivative of high purity to maintain its bioactivity. Three known preparations of propargyl-α-mannopyranoside were revisited, and products were analysed by NMR spectroscopy. The preparations were shown to yield by-products that have not been described in the literature yet. Our experiments showed that one-step procedures could not provide pure propargyl-α-mannopyranoside, while a three-step procedure yielded the desired compound of high purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Krabicová
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 46117 Liberec, Czech Republic;
| | - Bohumil Dolenský
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Michal Řezanka
- Department of Nanochemistry, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 46117 Liberec, Czech Republic
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38
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Kottom TJ, Carmona EM, Limper AH. Current State of Carbohydrate Recognition and C-Type Lectin Receptors in Pneumocystis Innate Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:798214. [PMID: 34975910 PMCID: PMC8716372 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.798214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumocystis jirovecii is one of the most common fungal pathogens in immunocompromised individuals. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) causes a significant host immune response that is driven greatly by the organism’s cell wall components including β-glucans and major surface glycoprotein (Msg). These ligands interact with a number of C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) leading to downstream activation of proinflammatory signaling pathways. This minireview provides a brief overview summarizing known CLR/Pneumocystis interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore J. Kottom
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- *Correspondence: Theodore J. Kottom,
| | - Eva M. Carmona
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Andrew H. Limper
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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39
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Maeda H, Ishima Y, Saruwatari J, Mizuta Y, Minayoshi Y, Ichimizu S, Yanagisawa H, Nagasaki T, Yasuda K, Oshiro S, Taura M, McConnell MJ, Oniki K, Sonoda K, Wakayama T, Kinoshita M, Shuto T, Kai H, Tanaka M, Sasaki Y, Iwakiri Y, Otagiri M, Watanabe H, Maruyama T. Nitric oxide facilitates the targeting Kupffer cells of a nano-antioxidant for the treatment of NASH. J Control Release 2021; 341:457-474. [PMID: 34856227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kupffer cells are a key source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and are implicated in the development of steatohepatitis and fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We recently developed a polythiolated and mannosylated human serum albumin (SH-Man-HSA), a nano-antioxidant that targets Kupffer cells, in which the mannosyl units on albumin allows their specific uptake by Kupffer cells via the mannose receptor C type 1 (MRC1), and in which the polythiolation confers antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of SH-Man-HSA in NASH model mice. In livers from mice and/or patients with NASH, we observed a reduced blood flow in the liver lobes and the down-regulation in MRC1 expression in Kupffer cells, and SH-Man-HSA alone failed to improve the pathological phenotype in NASH. However, the administration of a nitric oxide (NO) donor restored hepatic blood flow and increased the expression of the mannose receptor C type 2 (MRC2) instead of MRC1. Consequently, treatment with a combination of SH-Man-HSA and an NO donor improved oxidative stress-associated pathology. Finally, we developed a hybrid type of nano-antioxidant (SNO-Man-HSA) via the S-nitrosation of SH-Man-HSA. This nanomedicine efficiently delivered both NO and thiol groups to the liver, with a hepatoprotective effect that was comparable to the combination therapy of SH-Man-HSA and an NO donor. These findings suggest that SNO-Man-HSA has the potential for functioning as a novel nano-therapy for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Maeda
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine, Sections of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yu Ishima
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Junji Saruwatari
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Mizuta
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Minayoshi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shota Ichimizu
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yanagisawa
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Taisei Nagasaki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kengo Yasuda
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shun Oshiro
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Manabu Taura
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Laboratory of Bioresponse Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Matthew J McConnell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sections of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kentaro Oniki
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kayoko Sonoda
- Department of Histology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Wakayama
- Department of Histology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Manabu Kinoshita
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shuto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Motohiko Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yutaka Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuko Iwakiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sections of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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40
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Willment JA. Fc-conjugated C-type lectin receptors: Tools for understanding host-pathogen interactions. Mol Microbiol 2021; 117:632-660. [PMID: 34709692 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The use of soluble fusion proteins of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) used in the detection of exogenous and endogenous ligands has helped resolve the roles of PRRs in the innate immune response to pathogens, how they shape the adaptive immune response, and function in maintaining homeostasis. Using the immunoglobulin (Ig) crystallizable fragment (Fc) domain as a fusion partner, the PRR fusion proteins are soluble, stable, easily purified, have increased affinity due to the Fc homodimerization properties, and consequently have been used in a wide range of applications such as flow cytometry, screening of protein and glycan arrays, and immunofluorescent microscopy. This review will predominantly focus on the recognition of pathogens by the cell membrane-expressed glycan-binding proteins of the C-type lectin receptor (CLR) subgroup of PRRs. PRRs bind to conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as glycans, usually located within or on the outer surface of the pathogen. Significantly, many glycans structures are identical on both host and pathogen (e.g. the Lewis (Le) X glycan), allowing the use of Fc CLR fusion proteins with known endogenous and/or exogenous ligands as tools to identify pathogen structures that are able to interact with the immune system. Screens of highly purified pathogen-derived cell wall components have enabled identification of many unique PAMP structures recognized by CLRs. This review highlights studies using Fc CLR fusion proteins, with emphasis on the PAMPs found in fungi, bacteria, viruses, and parasites. The structure and unique features of the different CLR families is presented using examples from a broad range of microbes whenever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet A Willment
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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41
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Fischer J, Gresnigt MS, Werz O, Hube B, Garscha U. Candida albicans-induced leukotriene biosynthesis in neutrophils is restricted to the hyphal morphology. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21820. [PMID: 34569657 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100516rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in circulation playing a key role in acute inflammation during microbial infections. Phagocytosis, one of the crucial defence mechanisms of neutrophils against pathogens, is amplified by chemotactic leukotriene (LT)B4 , which is biosynthesized via 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). However, extensive liberation of LTB4 can be destructive by over-intensifying the inflammatory process. While enzymatic biosynthesis of LTB4 is well characterized, less is known about molecular mechanisms that activate 5-LOX and lead to LTB4 formation during host-pathogen interactions. Here, we investigated the ability of the common opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans to induce LTB4 formation in neutrophils, and elucidated pathogen-mediated drivers and cellular processes that activate this pathway. We revealed that C. albicans-induced LTB4 biosynthesis requires both the morphological transition from yeast cells to hyphae and the expression of hyphae-associated genes, as exclusively viable hyphae or yeast-locked mutant cells expressing hyphae-associated genes stimulated 5-LOX by [Ca2+ ]i mobilization and p38 MAPK activation. LTB4 biosynthesis was orchestrated by synergistic activation of dectin-1 and Toll-like receptor 2, and corresponding signaling via SYK and MYD88, respectively. Conclusively, we report hyphae-specific induction of LTB4 biosynthesis in human neutrophils. This highlights an expanding role of neutrophils during inflammatory processes in the response to C. albicans infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Fischer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Mark S Gresnigt
- Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike Garscha
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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42
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Nguyen GT, Xu S, Adams W, Leong JM, Bunnell SC, Mansour MK, Sykes DB, Mecsas J. Neutrophils require SKAP2 for reactive oxygen species production following C-type lectin and Candida stimulation. iScience 2021; 24:102871. [PMID: 34386732 PMCID: PMC8346660 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling cascades converting the recognition of pathogens to efficient inflammatory responses by neutrophils are critical for host survival. SKAP2, an adaptor protein, is required for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation following neutrophil stimulation by integrins, formyl peptide receptors, and for host defense against the Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Using neutrophils from murine HoxB8-immortalized progenitors, we show that SKAP2 in neutrophils is crucial for maximal ROS response to purified C-type lectin receptor agonists and to the fungal pathogens, Candida glabrata and Candida albicans, and for robust killing of C. glabrata. Inside-out signaling to integrin and Syk phosphorylation occurred independently of SKAP2 after Candida infection. However, Pyk2, ERK1/2, and p38 phosphorylation were significantly reduced after infection with C. glabrata and K. pneumoniae in Skap2-/- neutrophils. These data demonstrate the importance of SKAP2 in ROS generation and host defense beyond antibacterial immunity to include CLRs and Candida species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang T. Nguyen
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Shuying Xu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Walter Adams
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - John M. Leong
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Stephen C. Bunnell
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Michael K. Mansour
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David B. Sykes
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joan Mecsas
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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43
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Lukácsi S, Farkas Z, Saskői É, Bajtay Z, Takács-Vellai K. Conserved and Distinct Elements of Phagocytosis in Human and C. elegans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168934. [PMID: 34445642 PMCID: PMC8396242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis provides the cellular nutrition and homeostasis of organisms, but pathogens often take advantage of this entry point to infect host cells. This is counteracted by phagocytosis that plays a key role in the protection against invading microbes both during the initial engulfment of pathogens and in the clearance of infected cells. Phagocytic cells balance two vital functions: preventing the accumulation of cell corpses to avoid pathological inflammation and autoimmunity, whilst maintaining host defence. In this review, we compare elements of phagocytosis in mammals and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Initial recognition of infection requires different mechanisms. In mammals, pattern recognition receptors bind pathogens directly, whereas activation of the innate immune response in the nematode rather relies on the detection of cellular damage. In contrast, molecules involved in efferocytosis—the engulfment and elimination of dying cells and cell debris—are highly conserved between the two species. Therefore, C. elegans is a powerful model to research mechanisms of the phagocytic machinery. Finally, we show that both mammalian and worm studies help to understand how the two phagocytic functions are interconnected: emerging data suggest the activation of innate immunity as a consequence of defective apoptotic cell clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Lukácsi
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter s. 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (S.L.); (Z.B.)
| | - Zsolt Farkas
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter s. 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.F.); (É.S.)
| | - Éva Saskői
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter s. 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.F.); (É.S.)
| | - Zsuzsa Bajtay
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter s. 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (S.L.); (Z.B.)
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter s. 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Takács-Vellai
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter s. 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.F.); (É.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Meagher RB, Lewis ZA, Ambati S, Lin X. Aiming for a bull's-eye: Targeting antifungals to fungi with dectin-decorated liposomes. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009699. [PMID: 34293050 PMCID: PMC8297870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, there are several million individuals with life-threatening invasive fungal diseases such as candidiasis, aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), and mucormycosis. The mortality rate for these diseases generally exceeds 40%. Annual medical costs to treat these invasive fungal diseases in the United States exceed several billion dollars. In addition to AIDS patients, the risks of invasive mycoses are increasingly found in immune-impaired individuals or in immunosuppressed patients following stem cell or organ transplant or implantation of medical devices. Current antifungal drug therapies are not meeting the challenge, because (1) at safe doses, they do not provide sufficient fungal clearance to prevent reemergence of infection; (2) most become toxic with extended use; (3) drug-resistant fungal isolates are emerging; and (4) only one new class of antifungal drugs has been approved for clinical use in the last 2 decades. DectiSomes represent a novel design of drug delivery to drastically increase drug efficacy. Antifungals packaged in liposomes are targeted specifically to where the pathogen is, through binding to the fungal cell walls or exopolysaccharide matrices using the carbohydrate recognition domains of pathogen receptors. Relative to untargeted liposomal drug, DectiSomes show order of magnitude increases in the binding to and killing of Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus in vitro and similarly improved efficacy in mouse models of pulmonary aspergillosis. DectiSomes have the potential to usher in a new antifungal drug treatment paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B. Meagher
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Zachary A. Lewis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Suresh Ambati
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Xiaorong Lin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Role of Dectin-2 in the phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans by dendritic cells. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0033021. [PMID: 34251289 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00330-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell walls and capsules of Cryptococcus neoformans, a yeast-type fungal pathogen, are rich in polysaccharides. Dectin-2 is a C-type lectin receptor (CLR) that recognizes high-mannose polysaccharides. Previously, we demonstrated that Dectin-2 is involved in cytokine production by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs) in response to stimulation with C. neoformans. In the present study, we analyzed the role of Dectin-2 in the phagocytosis of C. neoformans by BM-DCs. The engulfment of this fungus by BM-DCs was significantly decreased in mice lacking Dectin-2 (Dectin-2KO) or caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9KO), a common adapter molecule that delivers signals triggered by CLRs, compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Phagocytosis was likewise inhibited, to a similar degree, by the inhibition of Syk, a signaling molecule involved in CLR-triggered activation. A PI3K inhibitor, in contrast, completely abrogated the phagocytosis of C. neoformans. Actin polymerization, i.e., conformational changes in cytoskeletons detected at sites of contact with C. neoformans, was also decreased in BM-DCs of Dectin-2KO and CARD9KO mice. Finally, the engulfment of C. neoformans by macrophages was significantly decreased in the lungs of Dectin-2KO mice compared to WT mice. These results suggest that Dectin-2 may play an important role in the actin polymerization and phagocytosis of C. neoformans by DCs, possibly through signaling via CARD9 and a signaling pathway mediated by Syk and PI3K.
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Gao C, Stavenhagen K, Eckmair B, McKitrick TR, Mehta AY, Matsumoto Y, McQuillan AM, Hanes MS, Eris D, Baker KJ, Jia N, Wei M, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Ernst B, Cummings RD. Differential recognition of oligomannose isomers by glycan-binding proteins involved in innate and adaptive immunity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/24/eabf6834. [PMID: 34108208 PMCID: PMC8189592 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf6834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The recognition of oligomannose-type glycans in innate and adaptive immunity is elusive due to multiple closely related isomeric glycan structures. To explore the functions of oligomannoses, we developed a multifaceted approach combining mass spectrometry assignments of oligomannose substructures and the development of a comprehensive oligomannose microarray. This defined microarray encompasses both linear and branched glycans, varying in linkages, branching patterns, and phosphorylation status. With this resource, we identified unique recognition of oligomannose motifs by innate immune receptors, including DC-SIGN, L-SIGN, Dectin-2, and Langerin, broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV gp120, N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase, and the bacterial adhesin FimH. The results demonstrate that each protein exhibits a unique specificity to oligomannose motifs and suggest the potential to rationally design inhibitors to selectively block these protein-glycan interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gao
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kathrin Stavenhagen
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barbara Eckmair
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanya R McKitrick
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Akul Y Mehta
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alyssa M McQuillan
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melinda S Hanes
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deniz Eris
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelly J Baker
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nan Jia
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mohui Wei
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jamie Heimburg-Molinaro
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Beat Ernst
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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d'Enfert C, Kaune AK, Alaban LR, Chakraborty S, Cole N, Delavy M, Kosmala D, Marsaux B, Fróis-Martins R, Morelli M, Rosati D, Valentine M, Xie Z, Emritloll Y, Warn PA, Bequet F, Bougnoux ME, Bornes S, Gresnigt MS, Hube B, Jacobsen ID, Legrand M, Leibundgut-Landmann S, Manichanh C, Munro CA, Netea MG, Queiroz K, Roget K, Thomas V, Thoral C, Van den Abbeele P, Walker AW, Brown AJP. The impact of the Fungus-Host-Microbiota interplay upon Candida albicans infections: current knowledge and new perspectives. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:fuaa060. [PMID: 33232448 PMCID: PMC8100220 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a major fungal pathogen of humans. It exists as a commensal in the oral cavity, gut or genital tract of most individuals, constrained by the local microbiota, epithelial barriers and immune defences. Their perturbation can lead to fungal outgrowth and the development of mucosal infections such as oropharyngeal or vulvovaginal candidiasis, and patients with compromised immunity are susceptible to life-threatening systemic infections. The importance of the interplay between fungus, host and microbiota in driving the transition from C. albicans commensalism to pathogenicity is widely appreciated. However, the complexity of these interactions, and the significant impact of fungal, host and microbiota variability upon disease severity and outcome, are less well understood. Therefore, we summarise the features of the fungus that promote infection, and how genetic variation between clinical isolates influences pathogenicity. We discuss antifungal immunity, how this differs between mucosae, and how individual variation influences a person's susceptibility to infection. Also, we describe factors that influence the composition of gut, oral and vaginal microbiotas, and how these affect fungal colonisation and antifungal immunity. We argue that a detailed understanding of these variables, which underlie fungal-host-microbiota interactions, will present opportunities for directed antifungal therapies that benefit vulnerable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe d'Enfert
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, USC 2019 INRA, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Ann-Kristin Kaune
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Leovigildo-Rey Alaban
- BIOASTER Microbiology Technology Institute, 40 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sayoni Chakraborty
- Microbial Immunology Research Group, Emmy Noether Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, and the Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Nathaniel Cole
- Gut Microbiology Group, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Margot Delavy
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, USC 2019 INRA, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Daria Kosmala
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, USC 2019 INRA, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Benoît Marsaux
- ProDigest BV, Technologiepark 94, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ricardo Fróis-Martins
- Immunology Section, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Moran Morelli
- Mimetas, Biopartner Building 2, J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Diletta Rosati
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marisa Valentine
- Microbial Immunology Research Group, Emmy Noether Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, and the Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Zixuan Xie
- Gut Microbiome Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yoan Emritloll
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, USC 2019 INRA, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Peter A Warn
- Magic Bullet Consulting, Biddlecombe House, Ugbrook, Chudleigh Devon, TQ130AD, UK
| | - Frédéric Bequet
- BIOASTER Microbiology Technology Institute, 40 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, USC 2019 INRA, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Bornes
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMRF0545, 20 Côte de Reyne, 15000 Aurillac, France
| | - Mark S Gresnigt
- Microbial Immunology Research Group, Emmy Noether Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, and the Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Microbial Immunology Research Group, Emmy Noether Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, and the Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ilse D Jacobsen
- Microbial Immunology Research Group, Emmy Noether Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, and the Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Mélanie Legrand
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, USC 2019 INRA, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Salomé Leibundgut-Landmann
- Immunology Section, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Chaysavanh Manichanh
- Gut Microbiome Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carol A Munro
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Karla Queiroz
- Mimetas, Biopartner Building 2, J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Karine Roget
- NEXBIOME Therapeutics, 22 allée Alan Turing, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent Thomas
- BIOASTER Microbiology Technology Institute, 40 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Claudia Thoral
- NEXBIOME Therapeutics, 22 allée Alan Turing, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Alan W Walker
- Gut Microbiology Group, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Alistair J P Brown
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
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Peters K, Peters M. The Role of Lectin Receptors and Their Ligands in Controlling Allergic Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:635411. [PMID: 33995354 PMCID: PMC8119883 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.635411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
More than fifty c-type lectin receptors (CLR) are known and have been identified so far. Moreover, we know the group of galectins and sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins that also belong to the carbohydrate-binding receptors of the immune system. Thus, the lectin receptors form the largest receptor family among the pathogen recognition receptors. Similar to the toll-like receptors (TLRs), the CLR do not only recognize foreign but also endogenous molecules. In contrast to TLRs, which have a predominantly activating effect on the immune system, lectin receptors also mediate inhibitory signals. They play an important role in innate and adaptive immunity for the induction, regulation and shaping of the immune response. The hygiene hypothesis links enhanced infection to protection from allergic disease. Yet, the microbial substances that are responsible for mediating this allergy-protective activity still have to be identified. Microbes contain both ligands binding to TLRs and carbohydrates that are recognized by CLR and other lectin receptors. In the current literature, the CLR are often recognized as the ‘bad guys’ in allergic inflammation, because some glycoepitopes of allergens have been shown to bind to CLR, facilitating their uptake and presentation. On the other hand, there are many reports revealing that sugar moieties are involved in immune regulation. In this review, we will summarize what is known about the role of carbohydrate interaction with c-type lectins and other sugar-recognizing receptors in anti-inflammation, with a special focus on the regulation of the allergic immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Peters
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marcus Peters
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Cao H, Antonopoulos A, Henderson S, Wassall H, Brewin J, Masson A, Shepherd J, Konieczny G, Patel B, Williams ML, Davie A, Forrester MA, Hall L, Minter B, Tampakis D, Moss M, Lennon C, Pickford W, Erwig L, Robertson B, Dell A, Brown GD, Wilson HM, Rees DC, Haslam SM, Alexandra Rowe J, Barker RN, Vickers MA. Red blood cell mannoses as phagocytic ligands mediating both sickle cell anaemia and malaria resistance. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1792. [PMID: 33741926 PMCID: PMC7979802 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21814-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In both sickle cell disease and malaria, red blood cells (RBCs) are phagocytosed in the spleen, but receptor-ligand pairs mediating uptake have not been identified. Here, we report that patches of high mannose N-glycans (Man5-9GlcNAc2), expressed on diseased or oxidized RBC surfaces, bind the mannose receptor (CD206) on phagocytes to mediate clearance. We find that extravascular hemolysis in sickle cell disease correlates with high mannose glycan levels on RBCs. Furthermore, Plasmodium falciparum-infected RBCs expose surface mannose N-glycans, which occur at significantly higher levels on infected RBCs from sickle cell trait subjects compared to those lacking hemoglobin S. The glycans are associated with high molecular weight complexes and protease-resistant, lower molecular weight fragments containing spectrin. Recognition of surface N-linked high mannose glycans as a response to cellular stress is a molecular mechanism common to both the pathogenesis of sickle cell disease and resistance to severe malaria in sickle cell trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Cao
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Sadie Henderson
- grid.476695.f0000 0004 0495 4557Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Heather Wassall
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - John Brewin
- grid.46699.340000 0004 0391 9020Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alanna Masson
- grid.417581.e0000 0000 8678 4766Department of Haematology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jenna Shepherd
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Gabriela Konieczny
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Bhinal Patel
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maria-Louise Williams
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Adam Davie
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Megan A. Forrester
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Lindsay Hall
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Beverley Minter
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Dimitris Tampakis
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Centre for Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University and Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Moss
- grid.476695.f0000 0004 0495 4557Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Charlotte Lennon
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Wendy Pickford
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Lars Erwig
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Beverley Robertson
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anne Dell
- grid.46699.340000 0004 0391 9020Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gordon D. Brown
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK ,grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024Medical Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Heather M. Wilson
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - David C. Rees
- grid.46699.340000 0004 0391 9020Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Stuart M. Haslam
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J. Alexandra Rowe
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robert N. Barker
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Mark A. Vickers
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK ,grid.476695.f0000 0004 0495 4557Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Aberdeen, UK ,grid.417581.e0000 0000 8678 4766Department of Haematology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
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50
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dos Santos Dias L, Dobson HE, Bakke BK, Kujoth GC, Huang J, Kohn EM, Taira CL, Wang H, Supekar NT, Fites JS, Gates D, Gomez CL, Specht CA, Levitz SM, Azadi P, Li L, Suresh M, Klein BS, Wüthrich M. Structural basis of Blastomyces Endoglucanase-2 adjuvancy in anti-fungal and -viral immunity. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009324. [PMID: 33735218 PMCID: PMC8009368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of safe subunit vaccines requires adjuvants that augment immunogenicity of non-replicating protein-based antigens. Current vaccines against infectious diseases preferentially induce protective antibodies driven by adjuvants such as alum. However, the contribution of antibody to host defense is limited for certain classes of infectious diseases such as fungi, whereas animal studies and clinical observations implicate cellular immunity as an essential component of the resolution of fungal pathogens. Here, we decipher the structural bases of a newly identified glycoprotein ligand of Dectin-2 with potent adjuvancy, Blastomyces endoglucanase-2 (Bl-Eng2). We also pinpoint the developmental steps of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T responses augmented by Bl-Eng2 including expansion, differentiation and tissue residency. Dectin-2 ligation led to successful systemic and mucosal vaccination against invasive fungal infection and Influenza A infection, respectively. O-linked glycans on Bl-Eng2 applied at the skin and respiratory mucosa greatly augment vaccine subunit- induced protective immunity against lethal influenza and fungal pulmonary challenge. Fungal disease remains a challenging clinical and public health problem in part because there is no commercial vaccine available. The lack of suitable adjuvants is a critical barrier to developing safe and effective vaccines against fungal pathogens. Current adjuvants such as alum preferentially induce antibody responses which may be limited in mediating protection against fungi. Clinical observations and animal studies implicate cellular immunity as the essential component for the resolution of fungal infections. We have recently discovered an adjuvant that augments cell mediated immune responses and vaccine induced protection against fungi. Here, we identified the structural and mechanistic requirements by which this newly discovered adjuvant induces cell mediated immunity against fungi. As a proof of principle we also demonstrate that the adjuvant drives cellular immune responses against viruses such as influenza. We anticipate that our adjuvant can be used for vaccination with safe subunit vaccines against many microbial pathogens including viruses, intracellular bacteria, fungi and parasites that require cell mediated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas dos Santos Dias
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Hannah E. Dobson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Brock Kingstad Bakke
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Gregory C. Kujoth
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Junfeng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Elaine M. Kohn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Cleison Ledesma Taira
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Huafeng Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nitin T. Supekar
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - J. Scott Fites
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Daisy Gates
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Christina L. Gomez
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Charles A. Specht
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stuart M. Levitz
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Marulasiddappa Suresh
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Bruce S. Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Deparment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Marcel Wüthrich
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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