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Gautam Y, Srivastava M, Verma P, Doley S. Anticariogenic Effects of the Dairy Products on Human Saliva: An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024; 17:456-460. [PMID: 39144179 PMCID: PMC11320823 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to determine whether the intake of cheese, paneer, and yogurt may help in reversing the acidogenic challenge after the consumption of chocolate at different time intervals. Materials and methods A total of 120 caries-free children between the ages of 4 and 13 years, with no decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT), were randomly selected from the school. Baseline pH was obtained, and the subjects were asked to eat chocolate. pH was measured again after 10 minutes. Following chocolate exposure, the subjects were then randomly assigned to three groups-cheese, paneer, and yogurt. Salivary pH was measured at intervals of 15, 30, and 60 minutes using the same procedures for all subjects. The data thus obtained were subjected to statistical analysis, which included analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, post hoc tests for multiple comparisons using Tukey's test, and paired t-test. Results The highest pH value after 15 minutes was seen in cheese (6.43), followed by paneer (6.31) and yogurt (6.30). After 30 minutes, the maximum pH value was seen in the cheese group (6.63), followed by yogurt (6.46) and paneer (6.34). The mean pH value 60 minutes after the consumption of dairy products was highest in paneer (6.53), followed by cheese (6.43) and yogurt (6.37). Conclusion All the categories were observed in the zone of remineralization. It should be noted that the maximum pH value overall was seen in the cheese group. Clinical significance Dairy products help maintain salivary pH, which aids in improving enamel health. Hence, dietary dairy recommendations can be incorporated into patient education and caries prevention plans. How to cite this article Gautam Y, Srivastava M, Verma P, et al. Anticariogenic Effects of the Dairy Products on Human Saliva: An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(4):456-460.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatendra Gautam
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Kanti Devi Dental College and Hospital, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manvi Srivastava
- Department of Dentistry, Noida International Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priya Verma
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Kanti Devi Dental College and Hospital, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sulekha Doley
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Regional Dental College, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Schulze A, Busse M. Sports Diet and Oral Health in Athletes: A Comprehensive Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:319. [PMID: 38399605 PMCID: PMC10890155 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Food and fluid supply is fundamental for optimal athletic performance but can also be a risk factor for caries, dental erosion, and periodontal diseases, which in turn can impair athletic performance. Many studies have reported a high prevalence of oral diseases in elite athletes, notably dental caries 20-84%, dental erosion 42-59%, gingivitis 58-77%, and periodontal disease 15-41%, caused by frequent consumption of sugars/carbohydrates, polyunsaturated fats, or deficient protein intake. There are three possible major reasons for poor oral health in athletes which are addressed in this review: oxidative stress, sports diet, and oral hygiene. This update particularly summarizes potential sports nutritional effects on athletes' dental health. Overall, sports diet appropriately applied to deliver benefits for performance associated with oral hygiene requirements is necessary to ensure athletes' health. The overall aim is to help athletes, dentists, and nutritionists understand the tangled connections between sports diet, oral health, and oral healthcare to develop mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of dental diseases due to nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antina Schulze
- General Outpatient Clinic of Sports Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
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Purohit K, Reddy N, Sunna A. Exploring the Potential of Bioactive Peptides: From Natural Sources to Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1391. [PMID: 38338676 PMCID: PMC10855437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides, specific protein fragments with positive health effects, are gaining traction in drug development for advantages like enhanced penetration, low toxicity, and rapid clearance. This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of peptide science, covering discovery to functional characterization. Beginning with a peptidomic exploration of natural sources, the review emphasizes the search for novel peptides. Extraction approaches, including enzymatic hydrolysis, microbial fermentation, and specialized methods for disulfide-linked peptides, are extensively covered. Mass spectrometric analysis techniques for data acquisition and identification, such as liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, untargeted peptide analysis, and bioinformatics, are thoroughly outlined. The exploration of peptide bioactivity incorporates various methodologies, from in vitro assays to in silico techniques, including advanced approaches like phage display and cell-based assays. The review also discusses the structure-activity relationship in the context of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), ACE-inhibitory peptides (ACEs), and antioxidative peptides (AOPs). Concluding with key findings and future research directions, this interdisciplinary review serves as a comprehensive reference, offering a holistic understanding of peptides and their potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kruttika Purohit
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Facilitated Advancement of Australia’s Bioactives (FAAB), Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
| | - Narsimha Reddy
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Facilitated Advancement of Australia’s Bioactives (FAAB), Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
- School of Science, Parramatta Campus, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Anwar Sunna
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Facilitated Advancement of Australia’s Bioactives (FAAB), Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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Denis F, Savard G. Propositions pour la prévention et la promotion de la santé bucco-dentaire chez les enfants. SANTE PUBLIQUE (VANDOEUVRE-LES-NANCY, FRANCE) 2024; 36:91-94. [PMID: 38834529 DOI: 10.3917/spub.242.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
At the last congress of the Association Dentaire Française (ADF) (French Dental Association), the minister of health and prevention, François Braun, stressed the importance he attached to oral health prevention. He also emphasized his desire to roll out and extend prevention campaigns, targeting young people in particular. With this in mind, we are working to lay the political foundations for the mass, free distribution of single-use toothbrushes with fluoride toothpaste in schools. This oral health promotion campaign would aim to debunk any myths or misinformation spread by manufacturers and to encourage a profound cultural change in the way children and their parents learn about oral hygiene. The "cavity-score," which is still under development, could help to reinforce the idea, both among the general public and among healthcare professionals, that oral health is not isolated from the rest of the body, and that this health issue cannot be dealt with in isolation, but in conjunction with all healthcare professionals.
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Lammi C, Bollati C, Fiori L, Li J, Fanzaga M, d'Adduzio L, Tosi M, Burlina A, Zuccotti G, Verduci E. Glycomacropeptide (GMP) rescued the oxidative and inflammatory activity of free L-AAs in human Caco-2 cells: New insights that support GMP as a valid and health-promoting product for the dietary management of phenylketonuria (PKU) patients. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113258. [PMID: 37803570 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Phenylketonuria represents the most prevalent inborn error of amino acid metabolism. In early diagnosed patients adequate and continued dietary treatment results in a good neurologic outcome. However, due to the natural protein and phenylalanine-restricted diet, oxidative stress represents a concern in phenylketonuric patients. Clear evidences suggest that the pathophysiology of PKU is also dependent by mitochondrial impairment and oxidative stress. In this context due to the tight connection between oxidative and inflammatory stress and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) development, it is reasonable to hypothesize that PKU patients may present a higher risk to develop NCDs during their life. Currently available protein substitutes on the market include free amino acids (L-AAs), prolonged-release protein substitute and formula containing glycomacropeptide (GMP). Our results suggest that free L-AAs significanlty worsens the intestinal hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced oxidative and inflammatory status in Caco-2 cells, which are significantly restored towards physiological condition by GMP alone and when present in a 1:1 mixture with free L-AAs, providing new preclinical piece of information which can shed a shadow on the mechanism of action of these products on PKU patients and their future management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Carlotta Bollati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Fiori
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children\'s Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Jianqiang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Melissa Fanzaga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenza d'Adduzio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Tosi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children\'s Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Burlina
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Reference Centre Expanded Newborn Screening, University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children\'s Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children\'s Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Gholizadeh M, Shakibaee A, Bagheri R, Camera DM, Shirvani H, Dutheil F. Isolate Whey Protein Promotes Fluid Balance and Endurance Capacity Better Than Isolate Casein and Carbohydrate-Electrolyte Solution in a Warm, Humid Environment. Nutrients 2023; 15:4374. [PMID: 37892449 PMCID: PMC10610234 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein ingestion is known to enhance post-exercise hydration. Whether the type of protein (i.e., whey, casein) can alter this response is unknown. Accordingly, this study aimed to compare the effects of the addition of milk-derived whey isolate or casein protein to carbohydrate-electrolyte (CE) drinks on post-exercise rehydration and endurance capacity. Thirty male soldiers (age: 24 ± 2.1 y; VO2max: 49.3 ± 4.7 mL/kg/min) were recruited. Upon losing ~2.2% of body mass by running in warm and humid conditions (32.3 °C, 76% relative humidity [RH]), participants ingested either a CE solution (66 g/L carbohydrate [CHO]), or CE plus isolate whey protein (CEW, 44 g/L CHO, 22 g/L isolate whey), or CE plus isolate casein protein (CEC, 44 g/L CHO, 22 g/L isolate casein) beverage in a volume equal to 150% of body mass loss. At the end of the 3 h rehydration period, a positive fluid balance was higher with CEW (0.22 L) compared to CEC (0.19 L) and CE (0.12 L). Overall mean fluid retention was higher in CEW (80.35%) compared with the CE (76.67%) and CEC trials (78.65%). The time of the endurance capacity test [Cooper 2.4 km (1.5 miles) run test] was significantly higher in CEC (14.25 ± 1.58 min) and CE [(12.90 ± 1.01 min; (p = 0.035)] than in CEW [(11.40 ± 1.41 min); (p = 0.001)]. The findings of this study indicate that the inclusion of isolate whey protein in a CE solution yields superior outcomes in terms of rehydration and enhanced endurance capacity, as compared to consuming the CE solution alone or in conjunction with isolate casein protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Gholizadeh
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran; (M.G.); (H.S.)
| | - Abolfazl Shakibaee
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran; (M.G.); (H.S.)
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran;
| | - Donny M. Camera
- Department of Health and Biostatistics, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia;
| | - Hossein Shirvani
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran; (M.G.); (H.S.)
| | - Frederic Dutheil
- Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, CNRS UMR 6024, LaPSCo, University Clermont Auvergne, Witty Fit, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
- Preventive and Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand (CHU), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Hansen KE, Murali S, Chaves IZ, Suen G, Ney DM. Glycomacropeptide Impacts Amylin-Mediated Satiety, Postprandial Markers of Glucose Homeostasis, and the Fecal Microbiome in Obese Postmenopausal Women. J Nutr 2023; 153:1915-1929. [PMID: 37116657 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity with metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent and shortens lifespan. OBJECTIVES In a dose-finding crossover study, we evaluated the effect of glycomacropeptide (GMP) on satiety, glucose homeostasis, amino acid concentrations, inflammation, and the fecal microbiome in 13 obese women. METHODS Eligible women were ≤10 yr past menopause with a body mass index [BMI (in kg/m2)] of 28 to 35 and no underlying inflammatory condition affecting study outcomes. Participants consumed GMP supplements (15 g GMP + 10 g whey protein) twice daily for 1 wk and thrice daily for 1 wk, with a washout period between the 2 wk. Women completed a meal tolerance test (MTT) on day 1 (soy MTT) and day 7 (GMP MTT) of each week. During each test, subjects underwent measures of glucose homeostasis, satiety, cytokines, and the fecal microbiome compared with that of usual diet, and rated the acceptability of consuming GMP supplements. RESULTS The mean ± SE age of the 13 women was 57 ± 1 yr, with a median of 8 yr (range: 3-9 yr) past menopause and a BMI of 30 (IQR: 29-32). GMP was highly acceptable to participants, permitting high adherence. Metabolic effects were similar for twice or thrice daily GMP supplementation. Glucose, insulin, and cytokine concentrations were no different. The postprandial area under the curve (AUC) for glucagon concentrations was significantly lower, and the insulin-glucagon ratio was significantly higher with GMP than that with the soy MTT. Postprandial AUC amylin concentration was significantly higher with GMP than that with the soy MTT and correlated with C-peptide (P < 0.001; R2 = 0.52) and greater satiety. Ingestion of GMP supplements twice daily reduced members of the genus Streptococcus (P = 0.009) and thrice daily consumption reduced overall α diversity. CONCLUSIONS GMP is shown to increase amylin concentrations, improve glucose homeostasis, and alter the fecal microbiome. GMP can be a helpful nutritional supplement in obese postmenopausal women at risk for metabolic syndrome. Further investigation is warranted. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05551091.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Hansen
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sangita Murali
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ibrahim Z Chaves
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Garret Suen
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Denise M Ney
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
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Saeed A, Yasmin A, Baig M, Ahmed MA, Farooqi ZUR. Streptococcus lactarius MB622 and Streptococcus salivarius MB620 isolated from human milk reduce chemokine IL-8 production in response to TNF-α in Caco-2 cell line, an exploratory study. Cytokine 2023; 168:156232. [PMID: 37224578 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Streptococci are a predominant genera of the human milk microbiome. Among different lactic acid bacteria (LAB) a few Streptococcal strains are also considered as probiotics. Probiotic bacteria are reported to modulate immunity when consumed in adequate amount and bacterial hydrophobicity can be considered as a preliminary experiment for the adhesive capability of probiotic bacteria to the epithelial cells. The present study aimed to investigate the probiotic, hydrophobic and immune modulation property of Streptococcus lactarius MB622 and Streptococcus salivarius MB620, isolated from human milk. S. lactarius MB622 and S. salivarius MB620 displayed higher hydrophobicity (78 % and 59 % respectively) in addition to intrinsic probiotic properties such as gram positive classification, catalase negative activity, resistance to artificially stimulated gastric juice and gastrointestinal bile salt concentration. In conclusion Streptococcus lactarius MB622 and Streptococcus salivarius MB620 isolated from human milk when administered in sufficient amount and for certain duration could be used to reduce inflammation inside the colon by reducing the production of inflammatory booster (IL-8) in diseased state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Saeed
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Lab, Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Azra Yasmin
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Lab, Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Baig
- Surgical Unit II, Foundation University Islamabad, Pakistan
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Tosco V, Vitiello F, Monterubbianesi R, Gatto ML, Orilisi G, Mengucci P, Putignano A, Orsini G. Assessment of the Remineralizing Potential of Biomimetic Materials on Early Artificial Caries Lesions after 28 Days: An In Vitro Study. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10040462. [PMID: 37106649 PMCID: PMC10135753 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10040462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the loss of mineral content in the enamel surface in early artificial lesions and to assess the remineralizing potential of different agents by means of SEM coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The analysis was performed on the enamel of 36 molars divided into six equal groups, in which the experimental ones (3-6) were treated using remineralizing agents for a 28-day pH cycling protocol as follows: Group 1, sound enamel; Group 2, artificially demineralized enamel; Group 3, CPP-ACP treatment; Group 4, Zn-hydroxyapatite treatment; Group 5, NaF 5% treatment; and Group 6, F-ACP treatment. Surface morphologies and alterations in Ca/P ratio were evaluated using SEM-EDX and data underwent statistical analysis (p < 0.05). Compared with the sound enamel of Group 1, the SEM images of Group 2 clearly showed loss of integrity, minerals, and interprismatic substances. Groups 3-6 showed a structural reorganization of enamel prisms, interestingly comprising almost the entire enamel surface. Group 2 revealed highly significant differences of Ca/P ratios compared with other groups, while Groups 3-6 showed no differences with Group 1. In conclusion, all tested materials demonstrated a biomimetic ability in remineralizing lesions after 28 days of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Tosco
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Flavia Vitiello
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Riccardo Monterubbianesi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Gatto
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences (DIISM), Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulia Orilisi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Paolo Mengucci
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning (SIMAU) & UdR INSTM, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Angelo Putignano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- National Institute of Health and Science of Aging (INRCA), 60124 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanna Orsini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
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Shkembi B, Huppertz T. Impact of Dairy Products and Plant-Based Alternatives on Dental Health: Food Matrix Effects. Nutrients 2023; 15:1469. [PMID: 36986199 PMCID: PMC10056336 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of dairy products on dental health has been researched widely and shows an important role of various constituents, as well as the specific product matrix, in maintaining and improving dental health. These include, for instance, the position of lactose as the least cariogenic fermentable sugar, the high levels of calcium and phosphate, the presence of phosphopeptides as well as the antibacterial peptides lactoferrin and lysozyme and high buffering capacity. With plant-based alternatives for dairy products being developed and marketed these days, the specific benefits of dairy products in relation to dental health are often overlooked and most products contain more cariogenic carbohydrates, lack phosphopeptides, and have fewer minerals and less buffering capacity. Comparative studies performed to date indeed suggest that plant-based products do not match dairy counterparts when it comes to maintaining and improving dental health. Careful consideration of these aspects is required in relation to future developments of products and human diets. In this paper, we review the impact of dairy products and plant-based dairy alternatives on dental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blerina Shkembi
- Food Quality & Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thom Huppertz
- Food Quality & Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
- FrieslandCampina, 3818 LE Amersfoort, The Netherlands
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Proteins and their functionalization for finding therapeutic avenues in cancer: Current status and future prospective. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188862. [PMID: 36791920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the remarkable advancement in the health care sector, cancer remains the second most fatal disease globally. The existing conventional cancer treatments primarily include chemotherapy, which has been associated with little to severe side effects, and radiotherapy, which is usually expensive. To overcome these problems, target-specific nanocarriers have been explored for delivering chemo drugs. However, recent reports on using a few proteins having anticancer activity and further use of them as drug carriers have generated tremendous attention for furthering the research towards cancer therapy. Biomolecules, especially proteins, have emerged as suitable alternatives in cancer treatment due to multiple favourable properties including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and structural flexibility for easy surface functionalization. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have reported that various proteins derived from animal, plant, and bacterial species, demonstrated strong cytotoxic and antiproliferative properties against malignant cells in native and their different structural conformations. Moreover, surface tunable properties of these proteins help to bind a range of anticancer drugs and target ligands, thus making them efficient delivery agents in cancer therapy. Here, we discuss various proteins obtained from common exogenous sources and how they transform into effective anticancer agents. We also comprehensively discuss the tumor-killing mechanisms of different dietary proteins such as bovine α-lactalbumin, hen egg-white lysozyme, and their conjugates. We also articulate how protein nanostructures can be used as carriers for delivering cancer drugs and theranostics, and strategies to be adopted for improving their in vivo delivery and targeting. We further discuss the FDA-approved protein-based anticancer formulations along with those in different phases of clinical trials.
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The Effect of Supplementation Using a Mixture of Fish Oil and Linseed on the Level of Immunomodulatory Components in Bovine Colostrum. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052154. [PMID: 36903401 PMCID: PMC10004384 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of supplementing rations, with a mixture of fish oil and linseed, on the level of immunomodulatory components in colostrum. Twenty multiparous cows, that were three weeks before scheduled calving, had a body condition of 3-3.5, and had not been diagnosed with multiple pregnancies, were qualified for the experiment. The cows were divided into two groups: experimental (FOL) (n = 10) and control (CTL) (n = 10). The CTL group were individually given the standard food ration for dry cows for about 21 days before calving, while the FOL group received food rations that were enriched with 150 g of fish oil and 250 g of linseed (golden variety). Colostrum samples for testing were taken twice a day on the first and second days of lactation, and then once a day from the third to the fifth day of lactation. The experiment showed that the applied supplementation had an impact, in the form of increasing the fat, protein, IgG, IgA, IgM, vitamin A, C22:6 n-3 (DHA), and C18:2 cis9 trans11 (CLA) contents in colostrum; however, the C18: 2 n-6 (LA) and C20:4 n-6 (AA) contents decreased. Due to the lower quality of colostrum found in high-yield cows, and therefore in the Holstein-Friesian breed, it is possible to improve the quality by, among other things, introducing nutritional modifications during the second stage of the dry period.
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Vach K, Al-Ahmad A, Anderson A, Woelber JP, Karygianni L, Wittmer A, Hellwig E. Examining the Composition of the Oral Microbiota as a Tool to Identify Responders to Dietary Changes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245389. [PMID: 36558547 PMCID: PMC9780922 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of diet and nutrition in the prevention of oral diseases has recently gained increasing attention. Understanding the influence of diet on oral microbiota is essential for developing meaningful prevention approaches to oral diseases, and the identification of typical and atypical responders may contribute to this. METHODS We used data from an experimental clinical study in which 11 participants were exposed to different dietary regimens in five consecutive phases. To analyse the influence of additional nutritional components, we examined changes in bacterial concentrations measured by culture techniques compared to a run-in phase. A measure of correspondence between the mean and individual patterns of the bacterial composition is introduced. RESULTS The distance measures introduced showed clear differences between the subjects. In our data, two typical and three atypical responders appear to have been identified. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method is suitable to identify typical and atypical responders, even in small datasets. We recommend routinely performing such analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Vach
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 26, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-761-270-83877
| | - Ali Al-Ahmad
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annette Anderson
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johan Peter Woelber
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lamprini Karygianni
- Clinic for Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annette Wittmer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 11, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
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14
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Jayasinghe TN, Harrass S, Erdrich S, King S, Eberhard J. Protein Intake and Oral Health in Older Adults-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:4478. [PMID: 36364741 PMCID: PMC9653899 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral health is vital to general health and well-being for all ages, and as with other chronic conditions, oral health problems increase with age. There is a bi-directional link between nutrition and oral health, in that nutrition affects the health of oral tissues and saliva, and the health of the mouth may affect the foods consumed. Evidence suggests that a healthy diet generally has a positive impact on oral health in older adults. Although studies examining the direct link between oral health and protein intake in older adults are limited, some have explored the relationship via malnutrition, which is also prevalent among older adults. Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) may be associated with poor oral health, dental caries, enamel hypoplasia, and salivary gland atrophy. This narrative review presents the theoretical evidence on the impact of dietary protein and amino acid composition on oral health, and their combined impact on overall health in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilini N. Jayasinghe
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sanaa Harrass
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sharon Erdrich
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Shalinie King
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Joerg Eberhard
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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15
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Kristensen MF, Sørensen ES, Del Rey YC, Schlafer S. Prevention of Initial Bacterial Attachment by Osteopontin and Other Bioactive Milk Proteins. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081922. [PMID: 36009469 PMCID: PMC9405890 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A considerable body of work has studied the involvement of osteopontin (OPN) in human physiology and pathology, but comparably little is known about the interaction of OPN with prokaryotic cells. Recently, bovine milk OPN has been proposed as a therapeutic agent to prevent the build-up of dental biofilms, which are responsible for the development of caries lesions. Bioactive milk proteins are among the most exciting resources for caries control, as they hamper bacterial attachment to teeth without affecting microbial homeostasis in the mouth. The present work investigated the ability of OPN to prevent the adhesion of three dental biofilm-forming bacteria to saliva-coated surfaces under shear-controlled flow conditions in comparison with the major milk proteins α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, αs1-casein, β-casein and κ-casein, as well as crude milk protein. OPN was the most effective single protein to reduce the adhesion of Actinomyces naeslundii, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei and Streptococcus mitis. β-casein and crude milk protein also had a pronounced effect on all three species, which suggests binding to different microbial surface structures rather than the blocking of a specific bacterial adhesin. Bioactive milk proteins show potential to delay harmful biofilm formation on teeth and hence the onset of biofilm-related oral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Frost Kristensen
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section for Oral Ecology and Caries Control, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Yumi Chokyu Del Rey
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section for Oral Ecology and Caries Control, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Schlafer
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section for Oral Ecology and Caries Control, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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16
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Lorenzini EC, Lazzari B, Tartaglia GM, Farronato G, Lanteri V, Botti S, Biscarini F, Cozzi P, Stella A. Oral ecological environment modifications by hard-cheese: from pH to microbiome: a prospective cohort study based on 16S rRNA metabarcoding approach. J Transl Med 2022; 20:312. [PMID: 35810305 PMCID: PMC9271248 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03506-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The oral ecosystem conditions dental health, and is known to be positively modified by oral hygiene which cannot always be performed between meals, especially outside home. It is therefore important to identify the practices to be adopted to influence the oral environment in an anticariogenic direction. Milk and cheese are considered functional foods and have a role on oral health. There are several mechanisms by which cheese exerts its beneficial effects on teeth. The aim of the present study was to examine whether short term consumption of hard cheese would affect the oral pH and microbial flora of healthy adults modifying ecological oral environment. The Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) approach was applied to study the effect of Italian Grana Padano (GP), as a prototype of typical hard cheese, on the oral microbiota composition. Finally, we explored Streptococcusmutans/sanguinis ratio as a marker of protective biofilm composition. Methods Nine oral-healthy adults were instructed to eat 25 gr of GP cheese for 5 consecutive days. Three time points were chosen for supragingival samples collection and pH measurement. 16S rRNA-gene sequences were obtained both from oral samples and GP cheese using the MiSeq platform and analyzed against the expanded Human Oral Microbiome Database (eHOMD). ProgPerm was used to perform statistical analyses to investigate strain differential representation after cheese consumption. Results Taxonomic analyses of the oral microbiota revealed that Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum, followed by Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. GP cheese significantly modifies oral pH, causing a shift toward basic conditions which are kept for a few hours. The Streptococcus mutans/Streptococcus sanguinis ratio lowers in the last observed timepoint. Conclusion Our results reveal that a portion of GP cheese eaten after dinner provides important micronutrients (i.e. calcium, vitamins and some aminoacids such as arginine) and changes oral pH toward basic conditions, resulting in a light modification of the oral microbiome towards the reduction of the overall amount of acidophilic bacteria. Furthermore, the S.mutans/S. sanguinis ratio is reduced, contributing to obtain a more protecting environment towards caries establishment and evolution. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03506-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna Cecilia Lorenzini
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, 20100, Milan, Italy.,Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Bassini 15, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Lazzari
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Bassini 15, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Martino Tartaglia
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20100, Milan, Italy.,UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry. Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100, Milan, Italy
| | - Giampietro Farronato
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20100, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Lanteri
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20100, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Botti
- Parco Tecnologico Padano, Loc. Cascina Codazza, Via Einstein, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Filippo Biscarini
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Bassini 15, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Cozzi
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Bassini 15, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Stella
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Bassini 15, 20133, Milan, Italy
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17
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Olvera-Rosales LB, Cruz-Guerrero AE, García-Garibay JM, Gómez-Ruíz LC, Contreras-López E, Guzmán-Rodríguez F, González-Olivares LG. Bioactive peptides of whey: obtaining, activity, mechanism of action, and further applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10351-10381. [PMID: 35612490 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2079113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides derived from diverse food proteins have been part of diverse investigations. Whey is a rich source of proteins and components related to biological activity. It is known that proteins have effects that promote health benefits. Peptides derived from whey proteins are currently widely studied. These bioactive peptides are amino acid sequences that are encrypted within the first structure of proteins, which required hydrolysis for their release. The hydrolysis could be through in vitro or in vivo enzymatic digestion and using microorganisms in fermented systems. The biological activities associated with bio-peptides include immunomodulatory properties, antibacterial, antihypertensive, antioxidant and opioid, etc. These functions are related to general conditions of health or reduced risk of certain chronic illnesses. To determine the suitability of these peptides/ingredients for applications in food technology, clinical studies are required to evaluate their bioavailability, health claims, and safety of them. This review aimed to describe the biological importance of whey proteins according to the incidence in human health, their role as bioactive peptides source, describing methods, and obtaining technics. In addition, the paper exposes biochemical mechanisms during the activity exerted by biopeptides of whey, and their application trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Olvera-Rosales
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Área Académica de Química, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México
| | - A E Cruz-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa. División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Colonia Vicentina, Ciudad de México, México
| | - J M García-Garibay
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa. División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Colonia Vicentina, Ciudad de México, México
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación Lerma de Villada, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Lerma, Edo. de México, México
| | - L C Gómez-Ruíz
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa. División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Colonia Vicentina, Ciudad de México, México
| | - E Contreras-López
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Área Académica de Química, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México
| | - F Guzmán-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa. División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Colonia Vicentina, Ciudad de México, México
| | - L G González-Olivares
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Área Académica de Química, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México
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18
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Shetty V, Bhandary S, Vakil I. Remineralizing Potential of Milk and GC Tooth Mousse on Demineralized Human Enamel: An In Vitro Comparative Evaluation. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES NU 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1744441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction Caries initiation is associated with demineralization of the subsurface tooth enamel. Today, bioactive agents based on milk products have been developed to enhance remineralization under cariogenic conditions. However, there is limited information on the remineralization potential of milk.
Materials and Methods Fifty enamel specimens were prepared from sound human premolars. All enamel specimens were then placed in demineralizing solution for 4 days at 37°C to produce artificial carious lesion. Baseline surface microhardness (SMH) was evaluated using Vickers indenter. Enamel specimens were then randomly divided into three groups. Group 1 specimens were kept in artificial saliva, whereas group 2 and 3 enamel specimens were treated with milk and GC tooth mousse, respectively, for 5 minutes twice daily for 21 days. Post-treatment SMH measurements of all specimens were evaluated on the 7th, 14th, and 21st day. Data was statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance test and Tukey honest significant difference post-hoc test.
Results There were no significant differences in the SMH values in the control group at any time interval. There were statistically significant increases in the post-SMH values in milk and GC tooth mousse (p < 0.001) at the end of 21st day of remineralization.
Conclusion Milk showed remineralization potential comparable to that of GC tooth mousse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vabitha Shetty
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences (ABSMIDS), Nitte (Deemed to be university), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Srikala Bhandary
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences (ABSMIDS), Nitte (Deemed to be university), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ishani Vakil
- Dr. K. K. Vakil Dental Clinic, Surat, Gujarat, India
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19
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Nicklisch N, Oelze VM, Schierz O, Meller H, Alt KW. A Healthier Smile in the Past? Dental Caries and Diet in Early Neolithic Farming Communities from Central Germany. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091831. [PMID: 35565796 PMCID: PMC9105495 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental health is closely linked to an individual’s health and diet. This bioarcheological study presents dental caries and stable isotope data obtained from prehistoric individuals (n = 101) from three Early Neolithic sites (c. 5500-4800 BCE) in central Germany. Dental caries and ante-mortem tooth loss (AMTL) were recorded and related to life history traits such as biological sex and age at death. Further, we correlate evidence on caries to carbon and nitrogen isotope data obtained from 83 individuals to assess the relationship between diet and caries. In 68.3% of the adults, carious lesions were present, with 10.3% of teeth affected. If AMTL is considered, the values increase by about 3%. The prevalence of subadults (18.4%) was significantly lower, with 1.8% carious teeth. The number of carious teeth correlated significantly with age but not sex. The isotopic data indicated an omnivorous terrestrial diet composed of domestic plants and animal derived protein but did not correlate with the prevalence of carious lesions. The combined evidence from caries and isotope analysis suggests a prevalence of starchy foods such as cereals in the diet of these early farmers, which aligns well with observations from other Early Neolithic sites but contrasts to Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age populations in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Nicklisch
- Center for Natural and Cultural History of Man, Faculty of Medicine/Dentistry, Danube Private University, Förthofstraße 2, 3500 Krems, Austria;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-676-842-419-395
| | - Vicky M. Oelze
- Anthropology Department, University of California at Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 96064, USA;
| | - Oliver Schierz
- Department of Prosthodontics and Materials Science, University of Leipzig, Liebig Str. 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Harald Meller
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, Richard-Wagner Str. 9, 06114 Halle, Germany;
| | - Kurt W. Alt
- Center for Natural and Cultural History of Man, Faculty of Medicine/Dentistry, Danube Private University, Förthofstraße 2, 3500 Krems, Austria;
- Institute of Prehistory and Archaeological Science, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Spalenring 145, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
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20
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Glycomacropeptide in PKU-Does It Live Up to Its Potential? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040807. [PMID: 35215457 PMCID: PMC8875363 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP) as a protein substitute in phenylketonuria (PKU) has grown in popularity. CGMP is derived from κ casein and is a sialic-rich glycophosphopeptide, formed by the action of chymosin during the production of cheese. It comprises 20–25% of total protein in whey products and has key biomodulatory properties. In PKU, the amino acid sequence of CGMP has been adapted by adding the amino acids histidine, leucine, methionine, tyrosine and tryptophan naturally low in CGMP. The use of CGMP compared to mono amino acids (L-AAs) as a protein substitute in the treatment of PKU promises several potential clinical benefits, although any advantage is supported only by evidence from non-PKU conditions or PKU animal models. This review examines if there is sufficient evidence to support the bioactive properties of CGMP leading to physiological benefits when compared to L-AAs in PKU, with a focus on blood phenylalanine control and stability, body composition, growth, bone density, breath odour and palatability.
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21
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Ahring KK, Dagnæs-Hansen F, Brüel A, Christensen M, Jensen E, Jensen TG, Johannsen M, Johansen KS, Lund AM, Madsen JG, Brøndum-Nielsen K, Pedersen M, Sørensen LK, Kjolby M, Møller LB. The effect of casein glycomacropeptide versus free synthetic amino acids for early treatment of phenylketonuria in a mice model. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261150. [PMID: 35015767 PMCID: PMC8751992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Management of phenylketonuria (PKU) is mainly achieved through dietary control with limited intake of phenylalanine (Phe) from food, supplemented with low protein (LP) food and a mixture of free synthetic (FS) amino acids (AA) (FSAA). Casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP) is a natural peptide released in whey during cheese making by the action of the enzyme chymosin. Because CGMP in its pure form does not contain Phe, it is nutritionally suitable as a supplement in the diet for PKU when enriched with specific AAs. Lacprodan® CGMP-20 (= CGMP) used in this study contained only trace amounts of Phe due to minor presence of other proteins/peptides. Objective The aims were to address the following questions in a classical PKU mouse model: Study 1, off diet: Can pure CGMP or CGMP supplemented with Large Neutral Amino Acids (LNAA) as a supplement to normal diet significantly lower the content of Phe in the brain compared to a control group on normal diet, and does supplementation of selected LNAA results in significant lower brain Phe level?. Study 2, on diet: Does a combination of CGMP, essential (non-Phe) EAAs and LP diet, provide similar plasma and brain Phe levels, growth and behavioral skills as a formula which alone consist of FSAA, with a similar composition?. Material and methods 45 female mice homozygous for the Pahenu2 mutation were treated for 12 weeks in five different groups; G1(N-CGMP), fed on Normal (N) casein diet (75%) in combination with CGMP (25%); G2 (N-CGMP-LNAA), fed on Normal (N) casein diet (75%) in combination with CGMP (19,7%) and selected LNAA (5,3% Leu, Tyr and Trp); G3 (N), fed on normal casein diet (100%); G4 (CGMP-EAA-LP), fed on CGMP (70,4%) in combination with essential AA (19,6%) and LP diet; G5 (FSAA-LP), fed on FSAA (100%) and LP diet. The following parameters were measured during the treatment period: Plasma AA profiles including Phe and Tyr, growth, food and water intake and number of teeth cut. At the end of the treatment period, a body scan (fat and lean body mass) and a behavioral test (Barnes Maze) were performed. Finally, the brains were examined for content of Phe, Tyr, Trp, dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindole-acetic acid (5-HIAA), and the bone density and bone mineral content were determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results Study 1: Mice off diet supplemented with CGMP (G1 (N-CGMP)) or supplemented with CGMP in combination with LNAA (G2 (N-CGMP-LNAA)) had significantly lower Phe in plasma and in the brain compared to mice fed only casein (G3 (N)). Extra LNAA (Tyr, Trp and Leu) to CGMP did not have any significant impact on Phe levels in the plasma and brain, but an increase in serotonin was measured in the brain of G2 mice compared to G1. Study 2: PKU mice fed with mixture of CGMP and EAA as supplement to LP diet (G4 (CGMP-EAA-LP)) demonstrated lower plasma-Phe levels but similar brain- Phe levels and growth as mice fed on an almost identical combination of FSAA (G5 (FSAA-LP)). Conclusion CGMP can be a relevant supplement for the treatment of PKU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten K. Ahring
- Departments of Paediatrics and Clinical Genetics, PKU Clinic, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Annemarie Brüel
- Department of Biomedicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Christensen
- Departments of Paediatrics and Clinical Genetics, Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Erik Jensen
- Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/S, Viby J, Denmark
| | - Thomas G. Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mogens Johannsen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karen S. Johansen
- Department of Biomedicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Allan M. Lund
- Departments of Paediatrics and Clinical Genetics, Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Jesper G. Madsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karen Brøndum-Nielsen
- Departments of Paediatrics and Clinical Genetics, PKU Clinic, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Michael Pedersen
- Comparative Medicine Lab, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Mads Kjolby
- Department of Biomedicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth B. Møller
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
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22
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Abstract
Our global population is growing at a pace to exceed 10 billion people by the year 2050. This growth will place pressure on the agricultural production of food to feed the hungry masses. One category that will be strained is protein. Per capita protein consumption is rising in virtually every country for both nutritional reasons and consumption enjoyment. The United Nations estimates protein demand will double by 2050, and this will result in a critical overall protein shortage if drastic changes are not made in the years preceding these changes. Therefore, the world is in the midst of identifying technological breakthroughs to make protein more readily available and sustainable for future generations. One protein sourcing category that has grown in the past decade is plant-based proteins, which seem to fit criteria established by discerning consumers, including healthy, sustainable, ethical, and relatively inexpensive. Although demand for plant-based protein continues to increase, these proteins are challenging to utilize in novel food formulations. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Food Science and Technology, Volume 13 is March 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. Aimutis
- Nutrition Science and North Carolina Food Innovation Lab, Department of Food Bioprocessing, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina
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23
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Karimidastjerd A, Gulsunoglu-Konuskan Z. Biological, functional and nutritional properties of caseinomacropeptide from sweet whey. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-13. [PMID: 34802348 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2000360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides derived from bovine milk proteins have gained much attention due to their health promoting functions. All over the world, cheese industry generates high volumes of sweet whey that could be used as an alternative source of bioactive peptide in nutraceuticals and food industry. Caseinomacropeptide (CMP) is a bioactive peptide derived from κ-casein by the action of chymosin during cheese manufacturing. CMP consist of two forms which are glycosylated (gCMP) and non-glycosylated (aCMP). The predominant carbohydrate in gCMP is N-acetylneuraminic (sialic acid) which gives functional and biological properties to gCMP. Due to its unique composition and technological characteristics such as wide pH range solubility, emulsifying, gelling, and foaming ability, CMP has received special attention. Therefore, there is an increased interest in researches for isolation and concentration of CMP. However, the isolation and purification methods are not cost-effective. It would be easier to optimize the conditions for isolation, purification, and utilization of CMP in nutraceuticals and food industry through deeper understanding of the effective factors. In this review, the structure of CMP, biological activities, isolation, and purification methods, the factors affecting functional properties and application areas of CMP in food industry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Karimidastjerd
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Gulsunoglu-Konuskan
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Nekrashevych Y, Schestakow A, Hoth-Hannig W, Hannig M. Influence of periodic milk or cream treatment on the anti-erosive potential of the acquired enamel pellicle. J Dent 2021; 115:103858. [PMID: 34710546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to assess the anti-erosive potential of the acquired enamel pellicle formed in situ under the influence of periodic milk or cream treatment. METHODS The pellicle was formed on bovine enamel specimens in the oral cavity at buccal and palatal sites of upper molars in 6 subjects, using removable acrylic splints. During 6-h of intraoral exposure, splints were removed from the oral cavity every 25 min, treated with milk or cream for 5 min, and subsequently re-inserted into the oral cavity. After 6 h, pellicle covered specimens were immersed in citric acid (0.1 or 1.0 %) for 1 min, and processed for measurement of surface microhardness, determination of calcium release by atomic absorption spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Statistical analysis was performed with SAS. RESULTS Statistical analysis did not indicate major differences between erosive surface alterations on enamel specimens covered by pellicles treated with cream or milk, and those covered by control pellicles. In addition, TEM analysis did not reveal any differences concerning the ultrastructure of the different pellicle treatments during acid exposure. All pellicles were dissolved in part after exposure to 0.1 % citric acid and were nearly completely removed after treatment with 1.0% citric acid. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that periodic treatment with milk or cream during pellicle formation in situ does not improve the protective potential of the acquired enamel pellicle against erosion. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Modification of the pellicle by consumption of milk or cream prior to an acidic challenge cannot sufficiently protect enamel from erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Nekrashevych
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - Anton Schestakow
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - Wiebke Hoth-Hannig
- Technical Staff, Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar.
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
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25
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Chen CC, Chen LY, Li WT, Chang KL, Kuo MI, Chen CJ, Hsieh JF. Influence of Chymosin on Physicochemical and Hydrolysis Characteristics of Casein Micelles and Individual Caseins. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102594. [PMID: 34685035 PMCID: PMC8539682 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The effects of chymosin on the physicochemical and hydrolysis characteristics of casein micelles and individual caseins were investigated. Adding 0.03 units of chymosin/mL led to the casein micelles in skim milk coagulating after a 3 h incubation period at 30 °C. SDS–PAGE investigation showed that β-CN, κ-CN, αs-CN, and a portion of β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) in the milk supernatant fraction (MSF) were precipitated into the milk pellet fraction (MPF). The mean particle size of the MSF with chymosin decreased from 254.4 nm to 179.2 nm after a 3 h incubation period. Mass spectrometry and SDS–PAGE analysis suggested that chymosin hydrolyzed individual β-CN, κ-CN, and αs-CN, but not β-LG. Chymosin hydrolysis led to a decrease in the molecular weights of the hydrolyzed β-CN, κ-CN, and αs-CN. Particle size analysis indicated that there was no difference in the particle size distribution of hydrolyzed β-CN and αs-CN. Moreover, our outcomes demonstrated that the hydrolysis of κ-CN by chymosin occurs before that of β-CN and αs-CN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chi Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China;
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
| | - Liang-Yu Chen
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan; (L.-Y.C.); (M.-I.K.)
| | - Wen-Tai Li
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei City 112, Taiwan;
| | - Ken-Lin Chang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City 804, Taiwan;
| | - Meng-I Kuo
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan; (L.-Y.C.); (M.-I.K.)
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
- Ph.D. Program in Nutrition & Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan;
| | - Jung-Feng Hsieh
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan; (L.-Y.C.); (M.-I.K.)
- Ph.D. Program in Nutrition & Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-29052516
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26
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Casein Glycomacropeptide: An Alternative Protein Substitute in Tyrosinemia Type I. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093224. [PMID: 34579102 PMCID: PMC8467066 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinemia type I (HTI) is treated with nitisinone, a tyrosine (Tyr) and phenylalanine (Phe)-restricted diet, and supplemented with a Tyr/Phe-free protein substitute (PS). Casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP), a bioactive peptide, is an alternative protein source to traditional amino acids (L-AA). CGMP contains residual Tyr and Phe and requires supplementation with tryptophan, histidine, methionine, leucine, cysteine and arginine. Aims: a 2-part study assessed: (1) the tolerance and acceptability of a low Tyr/Phe CGMP-based PS over 28 days, and (2) its long-term impact on metabolic control and growth over 12 months. Methods: 11 children with HTI were recruited and given a low Tyr/Phe CGMP to supply all or part of their PS intake. At enrolment, weeks 1 and 4, caregivers completed a questionnaire on gastrointestinal symptoms, acceptability and ease of PS use. In study part 1, blood Tyr and Phe were assessed weekly; in part 2, weekly to fortnightly. In parts 1 and 2, weight and height were assessed at the study start and end. Results: Nine of eleven children (82%), median age 15 years (range 8.6–17.7), took low Tyr/Phe CGMP PS over 28 days; it was continued for 12 months in n = 5 children. It was well accepted by 67% (n = 6/9), tolerated by 100% (n = 9/9) and improved gastrointestinal symptoms in 2 children. The median daily dose of protein equivalent from protein substitute was 60 g/day (range 45–60 g) with a median of 20 g/day (range 15 to 30 g) from natural protein. In part 2 (n = 5), a trend for improved blood Tyr was observed: 12 months pre-study, median Tyr was 490 μmol/L (range 200–600) and Phe 50 μmol/L (range 30–100); in the 12 months taking low Tyr/Phe CGMP PS, median Tyr was 430 μmol/L (range 270–940) and Phe 40 μmol/L (range 20–70). Normal height, weight and BMI z scores were maintained over 12 months. Conclusions: In HTI children, CGMP was well tolerated, with no deterioration in metabolic control or growth when studied over 12 months. The efficacy of CGMP in HTI needs further investigation to evaluate the longer-term impact on blood Phe concentrations and its potential influence on gut microflora
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Partial-, Double-Enzymatic Dephosphorylation and EndoGluC Hydrolysis as an Original Approach to Enhancing Identification of Casein Phosphopeptides (CPPs) by Mass Spectrometry. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092134. [PMID: 34574245 PMCID: PMC8471704 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of phosphopeptides is currently a challenge when they are part of a complex matrix of peptides, such as a milk protein enzymatic hydrolysate. This challenge increases with both the number of phosphorylation sites on the phosphopeptides and their amino acid length. Here, this paper reports a four-phase strategy from an enzymatic casein hydrolysate before a mass spectrometry analysis in order to enhance the identification of phosphopeptides and phosphosites: (i) the control protein hydrolysate, (ii) a two-step enzymatic dephosphorylation of the latter, allowing for the almost total dephosphorylation of peptides, (iii) a one-step enzymatic dephosphorylation, allowing for the partial dephosphorylation of the peptides and (iv) an additional endoGluC enzymatic hydrolysis, allowing for the cleavage of long-size peptides into shorter ones. The reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-MS/MS) analyses of hydrolysates that underwent this four-phase strategy allowed for the identification of 28 phosphorylation sites (90%) out of the 31 referenced in UniprotKB/Swiss-Prot (1 June 2021), compared to 17 sites (54%) without the latter. The alpha-S2 casein phosphosites, referenced by their similarity in the UniProt database, were experimentally identified, whereas pSer148, pThr166 and pSer187 from a multiphosphorylated long-size kappa-casein were not. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD027132.
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28
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Puleio F, Fiorillo L, Gorassini F, Iandolo A, Meto A, D'Amico C, Cervino G, Pinizzotto M, Bruno G, Portelli M, Amato A, Lo Giudice R. Systematic Review on White Spot Lesions Treatments. Eur J Dent 2021; 16:41-48. [PMID: 34450678 PMCID: PMC8890924 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The difference in refractive index between the healthy enamel and the demineralized area generates a lesion with a milky white opaque appearance, clearly distinguishable from the surrounding healthy enamel. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate if the infiltration technique is the most efficient treatment to resolve a white spot lesion when compared with remineralization and microabrasion techniques. The Population/Intervention/Comparison/Outcome question investigated: “in enamel WS lesion, the infiltration treatment compared to remineralization or microabrasion treatments is more or less effective in the camouflage effect?.” The research was performed on electronic databases, including Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, and web of science. The search was conducted up to April 1, 2020. The scientific search engines produced 324 results. Only 14 were screened after screening. Based on the articles analyzed in this systematic review, the resin infiltration technique seems to be the most effective and predictable treatment for the aesthetic resolution of WSLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Puleio
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Messina, Italy
| | - Luca Fiorillo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Messina, Italy.,Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy.,Department of Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Aldent, Tirana, Albania
| | - Francesca Gorassini
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Messina, Italy
| | - Alfredo Iandolo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Aida Meto
- Department of Dental Therapy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine, Tirana, Albania
| | - Cesare D'Amico
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriele Cervino
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Messina, Italy
| | - Mirta Pinizzotto
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Messina, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Bruno
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Portelli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Amato
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Lo Giudice
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Messina University, Messina, Italy
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29
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Arbizu S, Chew B, Mertens-Talcott SU, Noratto G. Commercial whey products promote intestinal barrier function with glycomacropeptide enhanced activity in downregulating bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced inflammation in vitro. Food Funct 2021; 11:5842-5852. [PMID: 32633745 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00487a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cheese whey contains bioactive compounds which have shown multiple health-promoting benefits. This study aimed to assess the commercial whey products (CWP) whey protein isolate (WPI), galacto-oligosaccharide-whey protein concentrate (GOS-W) and glycomacropeptide (GMP) for their potential to improve intestinal health in vitro using HT29-MTX intestinal goblet and Caco-2 epithelial cells. Results from HT29-MTX culture showed that WPI mitigated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production at a higher extent compared to GOS-W or GMP. However, GMP downregulated the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TLR-4 inflammatory pathway with the highest potency compared to the other CWP. Biomarkers of epithelial integrity assessed on both cell lines showed tight junction proteins claudin-1, claudin-3, occludin (OCC), and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) upregulation by GMP in HT29-MTX (1.33-1.93-fold of control) and in Caco-2 cells (1.56-2.09-fold of control). All CWP increased transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in TNF-α challenged Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-culture monolayer (p < 0.05), but only GMP was similar to the positive control TGF-β1, known for its role in promoting epithelial barrier function. The TNF-α-induced co-culture monolayer permeability was prevented at similar levels by all CWP (p < 0.05). In conclusion, CWP may be used as functional food ingredients to protect against intestinal disorders with emphasis on the GMP enhanced anti-inflammatory and intestinal barrier function properties. Further in vivo studies are guaranteed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Arbizu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Boon Chew
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | | | - Giuliana Noratto
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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30
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The potential nutrition-, physical- and health-related benefits of cow's milk for primary-school-aged children. Nutr Res Rev 2021; 35:50-69. [PMID: 33902780 DOI: 10.1017/s095442242100007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cow's milk is a naturally nutrient-dense foodstuff. A significant source of many essential nutrients, its inclusion as a component of a healthy balanced diet has been long recommended. Beyond milk's nutritional value, an increasing body of evidence illustrates cow's milk may confer numerous benefits related to health. Evidence from adult populations suggests that cow's milk may have a role in overall dietary quality, appetite control, hydration and cognitive function. Although evidence is limited compared with the adult literature, these benefits may be echoed in recent paediatric studies. This article, therefore, reviews the scientific literature to provide an evidence-based evaluation of the associated health benefits of cow's milk consumption in primary-school-aged children (4-11 years). We focus on seven key areas related to nutrition and health comprising nutritional status, hydration, dental and bone health, physical stature, cognitive function, and appetite control. The evidence consistently demonstrates cow's milk (plain and flavoured) improves nutritional status in primary-school-aged children. With some confidence, cow's milk also appears beneficial for hydration, dental and bone health and beneficial to neutral concerning physical stature and appetite. Due to conflicting studies, reaching a conclusion has proven difficult concerning cow's milk and cognitive function; therefore, a level of caution should be exercised when interpreting these results. All areas, however, would benefit from further robust investigation, especially in free-living school settings, to verify conclusions. Nonetheless, when the nutritional-, physical- and health-related impact of cow's milk avoidance is considered, the evidence highlights the importance of increasing cow's milk consumption.
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Cakir B, Tunali-Akbay T. Potential anticarcinogenic effect of goat milk-derived bioactive peptides on HCT-116 human colorectal carcinoma cell line. Anal Biochem 2021; 622:114166. [PMID: 33726980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Novel food-derived anti cancerogenic bioactive peptides were characterized by goat milk pepsin hydrolysate. Pepsin treated casein fraction of goat milk caused an apoptotic cell death on the HCT116 cell lines. These bioactive peptides are encrypted in the protein structure in the inactive form and can become active during gastrointestinal digestion in the body. In this study, the possible therapeutic effect of goat milk-based bioactive peptides on human colorectal cancer cell lines was investigated. Goat milk-derived bioactive peptides were extracted from the casein and whey protein fractions using trypsin, pepsin, and papain enzymes. The bioactive peptides were characterized by the liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. Both enzyme-treated casein and whey fractions were incubated with the HCT116 cell lines, and then the cell cytotoxicity was evaluated using MTT assay. The type of cell death was analyzed by flow cytometry using Annexin V and propidium iodide. Among all applications, the pepsin-treated casein fraction was the highest potential peptides that cause 80.92% apoptotic cell death. In conclusion, pepsin treated casein fraction exhibited antiproliferative activity against HCT116 cells. The bioactive peptides of this fraction can be considered as a potential source for the development of new anti cancerogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Cakir
- İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim University (İZÜ), Food and Agricultural Research Center (GTAUM), Küçükçekmece, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Tugba Tunali-Akbay
- Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Basic Medical Sciences Department, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey.
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32
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Vach K, Al-Ahmad A, Anderson A, Woelber JP, Karygianni L, Wittmer A, Hellwig E. A Log Ratio-Based Analysis of Individual Changes in the Composition of the Oral Microbiota in Different Dietary Phases. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030793. [PMID: 33670849 PMCID: PMC7997190 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Investigating the influence of nutrition on oral health has a long scientific history. Due to recent technical advances like sequencing techniques for the oral microbiota, this topic has gained scientific interest again. A basic challenge is to understand the influence of nutrition on the oral microbiota and on the interaction between the oral bacteria, which is also statistically challenging. Methods: Log-transformed ratios of two bacteria concentrations are introduced as the basic analytic tool. The framework is illustrated by application in an experimental study exposing eleven participants to different nutrition schemes in five consecutive phases. Results: The method could be sufficiently used to analyse the interrelation between the bacteria and to identify some bacterial groups with the same as well as different reactions to additional dietary components. It was found that the strongest changes in bacterial concentrations were achieved by the additional consumption of dairy products. Conclusion: A log ratio-based analysis offers insights into the relation of different bacteria while taking specific features of compositional data into account. The presented methods allow becoming independent of the behaviour of other bacteria, which is a disadvantage of common analysis methods of compositions. The results indicate that modulations of the oral biofilm microbiota due to nutrition change can be attained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Vach
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 26, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany; (A.A.-A.); (A.A.); (J.P.W.); (E.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-761-203-5004
| | - Ali Al-Ahmad
- Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany; (A.A.-A.); (A.A.); (J.P.W.); (E.H.)
| | - Annette Anderson
- Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany; (A.A.-A.); (A.A.); (J.P.W.); (E.H.)
| | - Johan Peter Woelber
- Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany; (A.A.-A.); (A.A.); (J.P.W.); (E.H.)
| | - Lamprini Karygianni
- Clinic for Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Annette Wittmer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 11, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Elmar Hellwig
- Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany; (A.A.-A.); (A.A.); (J.P.W.); (E.H.)
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Foisy Sauvé M, Spahis S, Delvin E, Levy E. Glycomacropeptide: A Bioactive Milk Derivative to Alleviate Metabolic Syndrome Outcomes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:201-222. [PMID: 32338040 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster of cardiometabolic disorders, which accelerate the risk of developing diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress (OxS) and inflammation contribute to insulin resistance (IR) that greatly promotes the clinical manifestations of MetS components. Given the growing prevalence of this multifactorial condition, its alerting comorbidities, and the absence of specific drugs for treatment, there is an urgent need of prospecting for alternative nutraceutics as effective therapeutic agents for MetS. Recent Advances: There is a renewed interest in bioactive peptides derived from human and bovine milk proteins given their high potential in magnifying health benefits. Special attention has been paid to glycomacropeptide (GMP), a bioactive and soluble derivative from casein and milk whey, because of the wide range of its health-promoting functions perceived in the MetS and related complications. Critical Issues: In the present review, the challenging issue relative to clinical utility of GMP in improving MetS outcomes will be critically reported. Its importance in alleviating obesity, OxS, inflammation, IR, dyslipidemia, and hypertension will be underlined. The mechanisms of action will be analyzed, and the various gaps of knowledge in this area will be specified. Future Directions: Valuable data from cellular, preclinical, and clinical investigations have emphasized the preventive and therapeutic actions of GMP toward the MetS. However, additional efforts are needed to support its proofs of principle and causative relationship to translate its concept into the clinic. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 201-222.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Foisy Sauvé
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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34
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Shen P, Fernando JR, Walker GD, Yuan Y, Reynolds C, Reynolds EC. Addition of CPP-ACP to yogurt inhibits enamel subsurface demineralization. J Dent 2020; 103:103506. [PMID: 33115668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the capacity of an approved food additive with anticariogenic properties, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), when added to a processed, sugar-containing yogurt with added lactic-acid bacteria (probiotics), to prevent demineralization of enamel subsurface lesions in vitro. METHODS Enamel subsurface demineralised lesions were created in thirty extracted human third molars. These were then exposed to artificial saliva (AS) with: 1) Danone yogurt alone; 2) Danone yogurt with 0.2 % w/w CPP-ACP; or 3) Danone yogurt with 0.5 % w/w CPP-ACP at 37 °C for two weeks. The yogurt/AS was replaced with fresh preparations each day. At the completion of each treatment the enamel slabs were embedded, sectioned and analyzed using transverse microradiography to measure changes in enamel lesion depths and subsurface mineral content. Yogurt samples were analysed for soluble calcium (Ca) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) levels and pH. RESULTS Yogurt alone demineralized enamel subsurface lesions to produce significantly larger lesions. However, the addition of 0.2 % CPP-ACP to the yogurt resulted in significant reduction in demineralization compared with yogurt alone (p < 0.0001). The addition of 0.5 % CPP-ACP to the yogurt produced a net remineralization effect with a significant increase in lesion mineral content (p < 0.0001). The addition of CPP-ACP resulted in a significant (p < 0.0001) dose-related increase in Ca, Pi and pH. CONCLUSIONS The addition of CPP-ACP to a commercial yogurt exhibited a dose related protective effect with 0.5 % CPP-ACP producing remineralization of existing enamel subsurface lesions under the in vitro experimental conditions. CLINICAL SIGNIfiCANCE: The results of this study suggest that some processed yogurts with added sugar could result in enamel demineralization when frequently consumed by individuals with poor oral hygiene. The addition of CPP-ACP to these yogurts may help prevent demineralization and promote enamel subsurface lesion remineralization, and therefore, make them safer for teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan Shen
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James R Fernando
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenn D Walker
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yi Yuan
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Coralie Reynolds
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Verduci E, Carbone MT, Borghi E, Ottaviano E, Burlina A, Biasucci G. Nutrition, Microbiota and Role of Gut-Brain Axis in Subjects with Phenylketonuria (PKU): A Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3319. [PMID: 33138040 PMCID: PMC7692600 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition and functioning of the gut microbiota, the complex population of microorganisms residing in the intestine, is strongly affected by endogenous and exogenous factors, among which diet is key. Important perturbations of the microbiota have been observed to contribute to disease risk, as in the case of neurological disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, among others. Although mechanisms are not fully clarified, nutrients interacting with the microbiota are thought to affect host metabolism, immune response or disrupt the protective functions of the intestinal barrier. Similarly, key intermediaries, whose presence may be strongly influenced by dietary habits, sustain the communication along the gut-brain-axis, influencing brain functions in the same way as the brain influences gut activity. Due to the role of diet in the modulation of the microbiota, its composition is of high interest in inherited errors of metabolism (IEMs) and may reveal an appealing therapeutic target. In IEMs, for example in phenylketonuria (PKU), since part of the therapeutic intervention is based on chronic or life-long tailored dietetic regimens, important variations of the microbial diversity or relative abundance have been observed. A holistic approach, including a healthy composition of the microbiota, is recommended to modulate host metabolism and affected neurological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Verduci
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital-University of Milan, Via Lodovico Castelvetro, 32, 20154 Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, via di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy; (E.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Maria Teresa Carbone
- UOS Metabolic and Rare Diseases, AORN Santobono, Via Mario Fiore 6, 80122 Naples, Italy;
| | - Elisa Borghi
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, via di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy; (E.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Emerenziana Ottaviano
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, via di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy; (E.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Alberto Burlina
- Division of Inborn Metabolic Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital of Padua, Via Orus 2B, 35129 Padua, Italy;
| | - Giacomo Biasucci
- Department of Paediatrics & Neonatology, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, Via Taverna Giuseppe, 49, 29121 Piacenza, Italy;
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Long-Term Fluctuation of Oral Biofilm Microbiota following Different Dietary Phases. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01421-20. [PMID: 32801176 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01421-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Caries development is associated with shifts in the oral biofilm microbiota and primarily linked to frequent simple carbohydrate consumption. Different nutritional ingredients can either promote or prevent caries development. To investigate the effects of selected ingredients on the oral biofilm microbiota in situ, 11 study participants underwent 3-month-long dietary phases with intake of a regular diet (PI), additional frequent sucrose (PII), milk and yoghurt (PIII), and a diet rich in dietary fiber (PIV) and then returned to their regular diet (PV). Oral biofilm was sampled and analyzed applying 16S rRNA Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Additionally, the effect on the enamel was analyzed by measuring enamel surface roughness with laser scanning microscopy. The beta-diversity results showed that the microbiota in all the following phases differed significantly from PI and that the microbial community in PII was significantly different from all other phases. The abundance of the genus Streptococcus fluctuated over the course of the five phases, with a significant increase in PII (P = 0.01), decreasing in PIII and PIV (PIII and PIV versus PII: P < 0.00001) and increasing again toward PV. Other taxa showed various fluctuations of their abundances, with PV returning approximately to the levels of PI. In conclusion, while elevated sucrose consumption favored caries-promoting non-mutans streptococci, frequent milk and yoghurt intake caused a significant decrease in the abundance of these microbial taxa and in addition reduced enamel surface roughness. These results indicate that modulations of the oral biofilm microbiota can be attained even in adults through dietary changes and corresponding recommendations can be made for the prevention of caries development.IMPORTANCE Caries affects a large proportion of the population worldwide, resulting in high treatment costs. Its etiology can be ascribed to shifts of the microbiota in dental biofilms primarily driven by dietary factors. It is unclear how diet affects the microbial community of plaque biofilm in situ and whether it can be modulated to help prevent caries development. To address these issues, we analyzed changes of the in situ plaque microbiota following 3-month-long dietary changes involving elevated sucrose, dairy, and dietary fiber consumption over a period of 15 months. Applying high-throughput sequencing, we found non-mutans streptococci, a taxonomic group involved in the beginning stages toward microbial dysbiosis, in decreased abundance with elevated dairy and dietary fiber intake. Through analysis of the enamel surface roughness, these effects were confirmed. Therefore, correspondent dietary measures can be recommended for children as well as adults for caries prevention.
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Hai X, Liu GQ, Luo JX, Guo YS, Qian JP, Ya M, Guo L. Triplex real-time PCR assay for the authentication of camel-derived dairy and meat products. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:9841-9850. [PMID: 32921473 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Authentication of dairy and meat products is important to ensure fair competition, consumer benefit, and food safety. The large difference in price between camel and cow milk may be an incentive to adulterate camel dairy products with cow-derived foodstuffs. However, no studies so far have used triplex real-time PCR with an endogenous control to identify camel and cow origins in dairy and meat products. In this study, we developed a triplex real-time PCR assay based on amplification of mitochondrial 12S ribosomal DNA for the authentication of camel-derived dairy and meat products. This method was applied to identify camel and cow DNA in milk, yogurt, cheese, milk powder, milk beverage, meat products, and mixtures with milk and meat. Concentrations as low as 1 to 5% and 0.1% camel milk and meat, respectively, were detected in the mixtures, and 1 to 5% and 0.1% cow milk and meat, respectively, were identified via this approach. The limits of detection were 0.005 to 0.0025 ng, 0.05 to 0.001 ng, 0.001 to 0.0005 ng, and 0.00025 to 0.0001 ng of DNA in camel milk, camel yogurt, commercial camel milk beverage, and camel meat, and from 0.0025 to 0.001 ng, 0.5 to 0.001 ng, 1 to 0.05 ng, 0.01 ng, 0.001 ng, 0.0005 to 0.00025 ng, 0.0005 to 0.00025 ng, and 0.005 ng of DNA from cow milk, yogurt, cheese, acidic whey, milk powder, beef, beef jerky, and beef sausage, respectively. Different dairy and meat samples of camel and cow origins had a range of authentication limits and limits of detection. The designed triplex real-time PCR assay was shown to be a specific, sensitive, and efficient technique for the identification of camel and cow DNA in foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hai
- Xilingol Vocational College, Xilin Gol Institute of Bioengineering, Xilin Gol Food Testing and Risk Assessment Center, Xilinhot 026000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Liu
- Xilingol Vocational College, Xilin Gol Institute of Bioengineering, Xilin Gol Food Testing and Risk Assessment Center, Xilinhot 026000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jian-Xing Luo
- Xilingol Vocational College, Xilin Gol Institute of Bioengineering, Xilin Gol Food Testing and Risk Assessment Center, Xilinhot 026000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yuan-Sheng Guo
- Xilingol Vocational College, Xilin Gol Institute of Bioengineering, Xilin Gol Food Testing and Risk Assessment Center, Xilinhot 026000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jun-Ping Qian
- Xilingol Vocational College, Xilin Gol Institute of Bioengineering, Xilin Gol Food Testing and Risk Assessment Center, Xilinhot 026000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Mei Ya
- Xilingol Vocational College, Xilin Gol Institute of Bioengineering, Xilin Gol Food Testing and Risk Assessment Center, Xilinhot 026000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Xilingol Vocational College, Xilin Gol Institute of Bioengineering, Xilin Gol Food Testing and Risk Assessment Center, Xilinhot 026000, Inner Mongolia, China.
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Sharma N, Sharma R, Rajput YS, Mann B, Gandhi K. Distinction between glycomacropeptide and β-lactoglobulin with 'stains all' dye on tricine SDS-PAGE gels. Food Chem 2020; 340:127923. [PMID: 32889212 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Identification of glycomacropeptide (GMP) and β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) present in cheese whey is difficult on SDS-PAGE due to their close proximity during electrophoresis and poor sensitivity of commonly used staining dye 'coomassie brilliant blue' (CBB) towards GMP. A simple method has been developed for the detection of GMP and β-lg by staining acrylamide gel after tricine SDS-PAGE using cationic 'stains all' dye. After staining and destaining major whey proteins, viz. ɑ-lactalbumin (ɑ-la) and β-lg appear red while GMP stains blue. The method can be used for the identification of these macromolecules in cheese whey and the detection of adulteration of milk with rennet whey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelima Sharma
- Dairy Chemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Rajan Sharma
- Dairy Chemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India.
| | - Yudhishthir S Rajput
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Bimlesh Mann
- Dairy Chemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Kamal Gandhi
- Dairy Chemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
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Vasconcelos QDJS, Bachur TPR, Aragão GF. Whey protein supplementation and its potentially adverse effects on health: a systematic review. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 46:27-33. [PMID: 32702243 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Whey protein comprises soluble whey proteins and its benefits are well described in the literature. However, there are not many studies investigating the potential adverse effect of a diet with indiscriminate use of this supplement. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of papers that addressed this theme. A search was conducted in Medline, LILACS, TOXNET, Web of science, and Scopus electronic databases. In the end, 11 documents comprised this review. The majority of the papers associated the damaging effect with the chronic and abusive use of whey protein, with the kidneys and liver being the main organs affected. The other studies related whey protein to aggravation of aggression, presence of acne, and modification of the microbiota. Therefore, excessive consumption over a long period of protein supplementation may have some adverse effects on the body, which is aggravated when associated with sedentary lifestyle. PROSPERO registration no.: CRD42020140466. Novelty: A systematic review of experimental and randomized studies about the use of whey proteins supplements and its impact on physical health. Analysis revealed that chronic and without professional guidance use of whey protein supplementation may cause some adverse effects specially on kidney and liver function. Presented data support a need for future studies co-relating the use of different types of whey protein with and without exercise to better see the impact on human physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gislei Frota Aragão
- Faculty of Medicine, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará 60430-275, Brazil.,Health Science Center, Ceará State University, Fortaleza, Ceará 60714-903, Brazil
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40
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Lo Giudice R, Lipari F, Puleio F, Alibrandi A, Lo Giudice F, Tamà C, Sazonova E, Lo Giudice G. Spectrophotometric Evaluation of Enamel Color Variation Using Infiltration Resin Treatment of White Spot Lesions at One Year Follow-Up. Dent J (Basel) 2020; 8:E35. [PMID: 32290119 PMCID: PMC7344573 DOI: 10.3390/dj8020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the color changes and the stability at a 1-year follow-up of white spot lesions (WSLs) treated with an infiltrating technique by using etching and TEGDMA resin. The color of 22 white spot lesions and the sound adjacent enamel (SAE) were assessed with a spectrophotometer at T0 (baseline), T1 (after treatment), and T2 (1 year after). The color change ΔE (WSLs-SAE) at T0 vs. T1 were compared to evaluate the camouflage effect efficiency, and at T1 vs. T2 to assess the stability of outcomes. To evaluate the effect on the treatment outcome of gender, the presence or not of previous orthodontic treatment, WSLs onset more/less than 10 years, the age of the patient, and the ΔE WSL (T0 vs. T1) was analyzed. The difference between ΔE (WSLs-SAE) at T0 and T1 resulted in statistical significance (p < 0.01). No statistical difference was found between ΔE (WSLs-SAE) at T1 vs. T2. The variables considered showed no statistical differences in treatment outcomes. The results of our investigation show that the technique used is immediately effective and the camouflage effect keeps up and steady one year after treatment. Such results do not appear to be influenced by analyzed clinical variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Lo Giudice
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Messina University, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Frank Lipari
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, 98100 Messina, Italy; (F.L.); (F.P.); (F.L.G.); (C.T.); (E.S.); (G.L.G.)
| | - Francesco Puleio
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, 98100 Messina, Italy; (F.L.); (F.P.); (F.L.G.); (C.T.); (E.S.); (G.L.G.)
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Department of Economics, Section of Statistical and Mathematical Sciences, Messina University, 98100 Messina, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Lo Giudice
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, 98100 Messina, Italy; (F.L.); (F.P.); (F.L.G.); (C.T.); (E.S.); (G.L.G.)
| | - Cristina Tamà
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, 98100 Messina, Italy; (F.L.); (F.P.); (F.L.G.); (C.T.); (E.S.); (G.L.G.)
| | - Evgenia Sazonova
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, 98100 Messina, Italy; (F.L.); (F.P.); (F.L.G.); (C.T.); (E.S.); (G.L.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Lo Giudice
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, 98100 Messina, Italy; (F.L.); (F.P.); (F.L.G.); (C.T.); (E.S.); (G.L.G.)
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Badrasawi MMH, Hijjeh NH, Amer RS, Allan RM, Altamimi M. Nutrition Awareness and Oral Health among Dental Patients in Palestine: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Dent 2020; 2020:3472753. [PMID: 32184828 PMCID: PMC7061134 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3472753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition plays a key role in oral and dental health. Similarly, oral health affects nutrition status and diet intake. Consumption of much cariogenic nutrients such as sugar affects dental and gum health. The awareness of dietary practices that affect the oral health is an essential component in the dental care system. The knowledge of the dietary factors that affect the oral health is a major component in the treatment plan. In this vein, this study was conducted to determine the level of awareness of nutrition information affecting oral health among dental patients who visit the private and university dental clinics in West Bank, Palestine. A total of 169 patients were invited to join the study and signed the consent form. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect the required data which included patients' sociodemographics, medical history, oral care practices, dietary practices, and oral health-related nutritional awareness. Face and content validity were verified, followed by a pilot study to determine the questionnaire reliability alpha, and the data were collected from October to November 2018. The Construct Validation was done using the Rasch measurement model, and the descriptive statistical analysis was done to determine the level of awareness and the difference among the groups using SPSS version 21. The total mean score of the nutrition awareness was (9.3 ± 2.8), with higher level of nutrition awareness among females, and the highest score was 16 out of 17. The good oral health condition was reported among 44%, fair 32%, poor 16%, and bad 10% while excellent oral health was reported among only 5% of the participants. There was no significant relationship between level of nutritional awareness with economic status, level of education, or area of living. For oral health, females showed significantly better oral and gum health levels (p < 0.05). The overall level of nutrition knowledge among the participants is insufficient. These results point to the need for oral health and nutrition educational courses and programs to improve oral and nutritional awareness and knowledge among Palestinian people and dental patients in particular. Improving the dietary habits and oral practices with lifestyle changes should also be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal M. H. Badrasawi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus 30500, State of Palestine
| | - Nour H. Hijjeh
- Healthy and Therapeutic Nutrition Program, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron 30500, State of Palestine
| | - Rana S. Amer
- Healthy and Therapeutic Nutrition Program, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron 30500, State of Palestine
| | - Reema M. Allan
- Healthy and Therapeutic Nutrition Program, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron 30500, State of Palestine
| | - Mohammad Altamimi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus 30500, State of Palestine
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The protein and peptide fractions of kashk, a traditional Middle East fermented dairy product. Food Res Int 2020; 132:109107. [PMID: 32331649 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Kashk is a typical dairy product of Iran, made from sour milk. It is traditionally produced from buttermilk in a dry, round-shaped form. Today, it is also produced at industrial level in a liquid form starting from fermented milk. We aimed to characterise the kashk proteome and peptidome comparing a traditional product with the industrial using a combination of proteomic approaches including advanced chromatographic and electrophoretic separation technique coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. We identified also phosphorylated casein-derived peptides (CPP) and investigated kashk protein digestibility using a static model of food protein digestion. The molecular characterization, coupled with bioinformatic in silico analysis, allowed the identification of potential bioactive peptides.
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Duanis-Assaf D, Kenan E, Sionov R, Steinberg D, Shemesh M. Proteolytic Activity of Bacillus subtilis upon κ-Casein Undermines Its "Caries-Safe" Effect. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8020221. [PMID: 32041335 PMCID: PMC7074799 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk is believed to be a relatively “caries-safe” food. This belief relies on the fact that caseins, which constitute around 80% of milk’s protein content, were found to inhibit the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to enamel and, therefore, decrease biofilm formation. While S. mutans is considered a leading cause of dental disorders, Bacillus subtilis is a non-pathogenic foodborne bacterium, frequently contaminating milk and its products. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dairy-associated foodborne bacteria such as B. subtilis on biofilm formation by S. mutans in the presence of casein proteins. Our results indicate that there is a significant decrease in total biofilm formation by S. mutans exposed to a casein protein mixture in a mono-species culture, whereas, in the co-culture with B. subtilis, an inhibitory effect of the caseins mixture on S. mutans biofilm formation was observed. Proteolytic activity analysis suggested that B. subtilis is capable of breaking down milk proteins, especially κ-casein, which enables biofilm formation by S. mutans in the presence of milk caseins. Therefore, these findings may challenge the assumption that milk is “caries-safe”, especially in a complex microbial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Duanis-Assaf
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute for Postharvest Technology and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel;
- Biofilm Research Laboratory, Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (E.K.); (R.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Eli Kenan
- Biofilm Research Laboratory, Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (E.K.); (R.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Ronit Sionov
- Biofilm Research Laboratory, Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (E.K.); (R.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Doron Steinberg
- Biofilm Research Laboratory, Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (E.K.); (R.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Moshe Shemesh
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute for Postharvest Technology and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-968-3868
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Kamal Y, O'Toole S, Bernabé E. Obesity and tooth wear among American adults: the role of sugar-sweetened acidic drinks. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:1379-1385. [PMID: 31656969 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the association between obesity and tooth wear among American adults and the role of sugar-sweetened acidic drinks consumption in explaining that association. METHODS We analyzed data from 3541 adult participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Obesity was determined using the body mass index and tooth wear was assessed using the modified tooth wear index. Daily intake of four categories of drinks was estimated as the average (drinks/day) of two consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. The association between obesity and number of surfaces with moderate-to-severe tooth wear was assessed in hurdle models adjusting for sociodemographic factors, acid reflux medication, and dental insurance. RESULTS Overweight and obese adults had more surfaces with moderate-to-severe tooth wear than those with normal body size, after adjusting for confounders. The consumption of sugar-sweetened acidic drinks explained part, but not all the above association. More specifically, the estimate for obesity was fully attenuated, whereas the estimate for overweight was slightly attenuated but remained significant. CONCLUSION Obesity was positively associated with tooth wear in American adults. This association was only partially accounted for by the consumption of sugar-sweetened acidic drinks, a common risk factor for both conditions. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Dentists must be aware of the health consequences of sugar-sweetened acidic drinks and advocate for reduction in consumption and/or substitution with healthier alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousaf Kamal
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Denmark Hill Campus, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Saoirse O'Toole
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Denmark Hill Campus, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Eduardo Bernabé
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Denmark Hill Campus, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9RS, UK.
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Khan IT, Nadeem M, Imran M, Ullah R, Ajmal M, Jaspal MH. Antioxidant properties of Milk and dairy products: a comprehensive review of the current knowledge. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:41. [PMID: 30717735 PMCID: PMC6362592 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-0969-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk and dairy products are integral part of human nutrition and they are considered as the carriers of higher biological value proteins, calcium, essential fatty acids, amino acids, fat, water soluble vitamins and several bioactive compounds that are highly significant for several biochemical and physiological functions. In recent years, foods containing natural antioxidants are becoming popular all over the world as antioxidants can neutralize and scavenge the free radicals and their harmful effects, which are continuously produced in the biological body. Uncontrolled free radicals activity can lead to oxidative stresses, which have been implicated in breakdown of vital biochemical compounds such as lipids, protein, DNA which may lead to diabetes, accelerated ageing, carcinogenesis and cardiovascular diseases. Antioxidant capacity of milk and milk products is mainly due to sulfur containing amino acids, such as cysteine, phosphate, vitamins A, E, carotenoids, zinc, selenium, enzyme systems, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, milk oligosaccharides and peptides that are produced during fermentation and cheese ripening. Antioxidant activity of milk and dairy products can be enhanced by phytochemicals supplementation while fermented dairy products have been reported contained higher antioxidant capacity as compared to the non-fermented dairy products. Literature review has shown that milk and dairy products have antioxidant capacity, however, information regarding the antioxidant capacity of milk and dairy products has not been previously compiled. This review briefly describes the nutritional and antioxidant capacity of milk and dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Taj Khan
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Rahman Ullah
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ajmal
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hayat Jaspal
- Department of Meat Science and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab Pakistan
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Fatimah Rahamat S, Nor Hayati Wan Abd Manan W, Azura Shahdan I, Azura Jalaludin A, Abllah Z. Plant-based milk in arresting caries. MATERIALS TODAY: PROCEEDINGS 2019; 16:2231-2237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.06.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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47
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Rahamat SF, Manan WNHWA, Jalaludin AA, Abllah Z. Enamel subsurface remineralization potential of virgin coconut oil, coconut milk and coconut water. MATERIALS TODAY: PROCEEDINGS 2019; 16:2238-2244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.06.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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48
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Agob JN, Aref NS, Al-Wakeel EES. Effect of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate on fluoride release and micro-shear bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer cement in caries-affected dentin. Restor Dent Endod 2018; 43:e45. [PMID: 30483469 PMCID: PMC6237733 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2018.43.e45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study was conducted to evaluate fluoride release and the micro-shear bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) in casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP)-remineralized caries-affected dentin (CAD). Materials and Methods Exposed dentin surfaces of 30 human third molar teeth were divided into 2 equal groups for evaluating fluoride release and the micro-shear bond strength of RMGIC to CAD. Each group was subdivided into 3 equal subgroups: 1) control (sound dentin); 2) artificially demineralized dentin (CAD); 3) CPP-ACP remineralized dentin (remineralized CAD). To measure fluoride release, 15 disc-shaped specimens of RMGIC (4 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness) were bonded on one flat surface of the dentin discs of each group. Fluoride release was tested using ion chromatography at different intervals; 24 hours, 3, 5, 7 days. RMGIC micro-cylinders were built on the flat dentin surface of the 15 discs, which were prepared according to the assigned group. Micro-shear bond strength was measured after 24 hours water storage. Data were analyzed using 1- and 2-way analysis of variance and the post hoc least significant difference test (α = 0.05). Results Fluoride detected in solutions (at all intervals) and the micro-shear bond strength of RMGIC bonded to CPP-ACP-remineralized dentin were significantly higher than those bonded to artificial CAD (p < 0.05). Conclusions Demineralized CAD consumes more fluoride released from RMGIC into the solution for remineralization than CPP-ACP mineralized dentin does. CPP-ACP increases the micro-shear bond strength of RMGIC to CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neven Saad Aref
- Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Maestri E, Pavlicevic M, Montorsi M, Marmiroli N. Meta-Analysis for Correlating Structure of Bioactive Peptides in Foods of Animal Origin with Regard to Effect and Stability. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 18:3-30. [PMID: 33337011 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid (AA) sequences of 807 bioactive peptides from foods of animal origin were examined in order to correlate peptide structure with activity (antihypertensive, antioxidative, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, antithrombotic, and opioid) and stability in vivo. Food sources, such as milk, meat, eggs, and marine products, show different frequencies of bioactive peptides exhibiting specific effects. There is a correlation of peptide structure and effect, depending on type and position of AA. Opioid peptides contain a high percentage of aromatic AA residues, while antimicrobial peptides show an excess of positively charged AAs. AA residue position is significant, with those in the first and penultimate positions having the biggest effects on peptide activity. Peptides that have activity in vivo contain a high percentage (67%) of proline residues, but the positions of proline in the sequence depend on the length of the peptide. We also discuss the influence of processing on activity of these peptides, as well as methods for predicting release from the source protein and activity of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Maestri
- Dept. of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Univ. of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre for Food Safety, Technologies and Innovation for Agri-food (SITEIA.PARMA), Univ. of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Milica Pavlicevic
- Inst. for Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Univ. of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Michela Montorsi
- Dept. of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open Univ., Via F. Daverio 7, 20122, Milan, Italy.,Consorzio Italbiotec, Via Fantoli, 16/15, 20138, Milano, Italy.,Inst. of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Council of Research (CNR), Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate, Italy
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- Dept. of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Univ. of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre for Food Safety, Technologies and Innovation for Agri-food (SITEIA.PARMA), Univ. of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124, Parma, Italy.,Consorzio Italbiotec, Via Fantoli, 16/15, 20138, Milano, Italy
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Ménard O, Famelart MH, Deglaire A, Le Gouar Y, Guérin S, Malbert CH, Dupont D. Gastric Emptying and Dynamic In Vitro Digestion of Drinkable Yogurts: Effect of Viscosity and Composition. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1308. [PMID: 30223532 PMCID: PMC6163255 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric emptying of food is mainly driven by the caloric concentration, the rheological properties of the chyme, and the physical state (liquid/solid) of food once in the stomach. The present work investigated: (1) The effect of the composition and the viscosity of drinkable yogurts on gastric emptying in pigs, and (2) the behavior of yogurts during dynamic in vitro digestion. Three isocaloric liquid yogurts were manufactured: Two enriched in protein and fiber showing either a low (LV) or high (HV) viscosity, one control enriched in sugar and starch (CT). They were labelled with 99mTc-sulfur colloid and given to pigs (n = 11) to determine gastric emptying pattern by gamma scintigraphy. Then dynamic in vitro digestion of the yogurts was done using the parameters of gastric emptying determined in vivo. Gastric emptying half-times were significantly longer for LV than CT, whereas HV exhibited an intermediate behavior. In vitro gastric digestion showed a quick hydrolysis of caseins, whereas whey proteins were more resistant in the stomach particularly for LV and HV. During the intestinal phase, both whey proteins and caseins were almost fully hydrolyzed. Viscosity was shown to affect the behavior of yogurt in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Ménard
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agrocampus Ouest, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'œuf (STLO), 65 rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35042 Rennes CEDEX, France.
| | - Marie-Hélène Famelart
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agrocampus Ouest, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'œuf (STLO), 65 rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35042 Rennes CEDEX, France.
| | - Amélie Deglaire
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agrocampus Ouest, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'œuf (STLO), 65 rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35042 Rennes CEDEX, France.
| | - Yann Le Gouar
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agrocampus Ouest, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'œuf (STLO), 65 rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35042 Rennes CEDEX, France.
| | - Sylvie Guérin
- Institut Nutrition-Métabolisme-Cancer, INRA, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Rennes 1, Domaine de la prise, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France.
| | | | - Didier Dupont
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agrocampus Ouest, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'œuf (STLO), 65 rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35042 Rennes CEDEX, France.
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