1
|
Letafati A, Taghiabadi Z, Ardekani OS, Abbasi S, Najafabadi AQ, Jazi NN, Soheili R, Rodrigo R, Yavarian J, Saso L. Unveiling the intersection: ferroptosis in influenza virus infection. Virol J 2024; 21:185. [PMID: 39135112 PMCID: PMC11321227 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The influenza virus (IFV) imposes a considerable health and economic burden globally, requiring a comprehensive understanding of its pathogenic mechanisms. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent lipid peroxidation cell death pathway, holds unique implications for the antioxidant defense system, with possible contributions to inflammation. This exploration focuses on the dynamic interplay between ferroptosis and the host defense against viruses, emphasizing the influence of IFV infections on the activation of the ferroptosis pathway. IFV causes different types of cell death, including apoptosis, necrosis, and ferroptosis. IFV-induced ferroptotic cell death is mediated by alterations in iron homeostasis, intensifying the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and promoting lipid peroxidation. A comprehensive investigation into the mechanism of ferroptosis in viral infections, specifically IFV, has great potential to identify therapeutic strategies. This understanding may pave the way for the development of drugs using ferroptosis inhibitors, presenting an effective approach to suppress viral infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Letafati
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Taghiabadi
- Department of Microbiology and Virology of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Omid Salahi Ardekani
- Department of Bacteriology & Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Simin Abbasi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Qaraee Najafabadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Nayerain Jazi
- Department of Bacteriology & Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Roben Soheili
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramón Rodrigo
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jila Yavarian
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kombe Kombe AJ, Fotoohabadi L, Nanduri R, Gerasimova Y, Daskou M, Gain C, Sharma E, Wong M, Kelesidis T. The Role of the Nrf2 Pathway in Airway Tissue Damage Due to Viral Respiratory Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7042. [PMID: 39000157 PMCID: PMC11241721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses constitute a significant cause of illness and death worldwide. Respiratory virus-associated injuries include oxidative stress, ferroptosis, inflammation, pyroptosis, apoptosis, fibrosis, autoimmunity, and vascular injury. Several studies have demonstrated the involvement of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the pathophysiology of viral infection and associated complications. It has thus emerged as a pivotal player in cellular defense mechanisms against such damage. Here, we discuss the impact of Nrf2 activation on airway injuries induced by respiratory viruses, including viruses, coronaviruses, rhinoviruses, and respiratory syncytial viruses. The inhibition or deregulation of Nrf2 pathway activation induces airway tissue damage in the presence of viral respiratory infections. In contrast, Nrf2 pathway activation demonstrates protection against tissue and organ injuries. Clinical trials involving Nrf2 agonists are needed to define the effect of Nrf2 therapeutics on airway tissues and organs damaged by viral respiratory infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud John Kombe Kombe
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (A.J.K.K.)
| | - Leila Fotoohabadi
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (A.J.K.K.)
| | - Ravikanth Nanduri
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (A.J.K.K.)
| | - Yulia Gerasimova
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (A.J.K.K.)
| | - Maria Daskou
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chandrima Gain
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eashan Sharma
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael Wong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Theodoros Kelesidis
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (A.J.K.K.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gil A, Hoag GE, Salerno JP, Hornig M, Klimas N, Selin LK. Identification of CD8 T-cell dysfunction associated with symptoms in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and Long COVID and treatment with a nebulized antioxidant/anti-pathogen agent in a retrospective case series. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 36:100720. [PMID: 38327880 PMCID: PMC10847863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with post-acute sequelae of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (PASC, i.e., Long COVID) have a symptom complex highly analogous to many features of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), suggesting they may share some aspects of pathogenesis in these similar disorders. ME/CFS is a complex disease affecting numerous organ systems and biological processes and is often preceded by an infection-like episode. It is postulated that the chronic manifestations of illness may result from an altered host response to infection or inability to resolve inflammation, as is being reported in Long COVID. The immunopathogenesis of both disorders is still poorly understood. Here, we show data that suggest Long COVID and ME/CFS may be due to an aberrant response to an immunological trigger-like infection, resulting in a dysregulated immune system with CD8 T-cell dysfunction reminiscent of some aspects of T-cell clonal exhaustion, a phenomenon associated with oxidative stress. As there is an urgent need for diagnostic tools and treatment strategies for these two related disabling disorders, here, in a retrospective case series, we have also identified a potential nebulized antioxidant/anti-pathogen treatment that has evidence of a good safety profile. This nebulized agent is comprised of five ingredients previously reported individually to relieve oxidative stress, attenuate NF-κB signaling, and/or to act directly to inhibit pathogens, including viruses. Administration of this treatment by nebulizer results in rapid access of small doses of well-studied antioxidants and agents with anti-pathogen potential to the lungs; components of this nebulized agent are also likely to be distributed systemically, with potential to enter the central nervous system. Methods and Findings: We conducted an analysis of CD8 T-cell function and severity of symptoms by self-report questionnaires in ME/CFS, Long COVID and healthy controls. We developed a CD8 T-cell functional assay, assessing CD8 T-cell dysfunction by intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) in a group of ME/CFS (n = 12) and Long COVID patients (n = 8), comparing to healthy controls (HC) with similar age and sex (n = 10). Magnet-enriched fresh CD8 T-cells in both patient groups had a significantly diminished capacity to produce both cytokines, IFNγ or TNFα, after PMA stimulation when compared to HC. The symptom severity questionnaire showed similar symptom profiles for the two disorders. Fortuitously, through a retrospective case series, we were able to examine the ICS and questionnaire data of 4 ME/CFS and 4 Long COVID patients in conjunction with their treatment (3-15 months). In parallel with the treatment pursued electively by participants in this retrospective case series, there was an increase in CD8 T-cell IFNγ and TNFα production and a decrease in overall self-reported symptom severity score by 54%. No serious treatment-associated side effects or laboratory anomalies were noted in these patients. Conclusions Here, in this small study, we present two observations that appear potentially fundamental to the pathogenesis and treatment of Long COVID and ME/CFS. The first is that both disorders appear to be characterized by dysfunctional CD8 T-cells with severe deficiencies in their abilities to produce IFNγ and TNFα. The second is that in a small retrospective Long COVID and ME/CFS case series, this immune dysfunction and patient health improved in parallel with treatment with an immunomodulatory, antioxidant pharmacological treatment with anticipated anti-pathogen activity. This work provides evidence of the potential utility of a biomarker, CD8 T-cell dysfunction, and suggests the potential for benefit from a new nebulized antioxidant/anti-pathogen treatment. These immune biomarker data may help build capacity for improved diagnosis and tracking of treatment outcomes during clinical trials for both Long COVID and ME/CFS while providing clues to new treatment avenues that suggest potential efficacy for both conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gil
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Department of Pathology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - John P. Salerno
- Inspiritol, Inc., Fairfield, CT, USA
- The Salerno Center for Complementary Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Mady Hornig
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA
| | - Nancy Klimas
- Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Liisa K. Selin
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Department of Pathology, Worcester, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cao HH, Kong WW, Ling B, Wang ZY, Zhang Y, Guo ZX, Liu SH, Xu JP. Bmo-miR-3351 modulates glutathione content and inhibits BmNPV proliferation by targeting BmGSTe6 in Bombyx mori. INSECT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38258370 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play pivotal roles in the host response to invading pathogens. Among these pathogens, Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is one of the main causes of substantial economic losses in sericulture, and there are relatively few studies on the specific functions of miRNAs in the B. mori-BmNPV interaction. Therefore, we conducted transcriptome sequencing to identify differentially expressed (DE) messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and miRNAs in the midgut of 2 B. mori strains (BmNPV-susceptible strain P50 and BmNPV-resistant strain A35) after BmNPV infection. Through correlation analysis of the miRNA and mRNA data, we identified a comprehensive set of 21 miRNAs and 37 predicted target mRNAs. Notably, miR-3351, which has high expression in A35, exhibited remarkable efficacy in suppressing BmNPV proliferation. Additionally, we confirmed that miR-3351 binds to the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of B. mori glutathione S-transferase epsilon 6 (BmGSTe6), resulting in its downregulation. Conversely, BmGSTe6 displayed an opposite expression pattern to miR-3351, effectively promoting BmNPV proliferation. Notably, BmGSTe6 levels were positively correlated with glutathione S-transferase activity, consequently influencing intracellular glutathione content in the infected samples. Furthermore, our investigation revealed the protective role of glutathione against BmNPV infection in BmN cells. In summary, miR-3351 modulates glutathione content by downregulating BmGSTe6 to inhibit BmNPV proliferation in B. mori. Our findings enriched the research on the role of B. mori miRNAs in the defense against BmNPV infection, and suggests that the antiviral molecule, glutathione, offers a novel perspective on preventing viral infection in sericulture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hua Cao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Wei-Wei Kong
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Bing Ling
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Yi Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Zhe-Xiao Guo
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Shi-Huo Liu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Jia-Ping Xu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Daskou M, Fotooh Abadi L, Gain C, Wong M, Sharma E, Kombe Kombe AJ, Nanduri R, Kelesidis T. The Role of the NRF2 Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Viral Respiratory Infections. Pathogens 2023; 13:39. [PMID: 38251346 PMCID: PMC10819673 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In humans, acute and chronic respiratory infections caused by viruses are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Respiratory viruses infect airway epithelial cells and induce oxidative stress, yet the exact pathogenesis remains unclear. Oxidative stress activates the transcription factor NRF2, which plays a key role in alleviating redox-induced cellular injury. The transcriptional activation of NRF2 has been reported to affect both viral replication and associated inflammation pathways. There is complex bidirectional crosstalk between virus replication and the NRF2 pathway because virus replication directly or indirectly regulates NRF2 expression, and NRF2 activation can reversely hamper viral replication and viral spread across cells and tissues. In this review, we discuss the complex role of the NRF2 pathway in the regulation of the pathogenesis of the main respiratory viruses, including coronaviruses, influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and rhinoviruses. We also summarize the scientific evidence regarding the effects of the known NRF2 agonists that can be utilized to alter the NRF2 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Daskou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Leila Fotooh Abadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.F.A.); (R.N.)
| | - Chandrima Gain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael Wong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eashan Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arnaud John Kombe Kombe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.F.A.); (R.N.)
| | - Ravikanth Nanduri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.F.A.); (R.N.)
| | - Theodoros Kelesidis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.F.A.); (R.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
De Angelis M, Anichini G, Palamara AT, Nencioni L, Gori Savellini G. Dysregulation of intracellular redox homeostasis by the SARS-CoV-2 ORF6 protein. Virol J 2023; 20:239. [PMID: 37853388 PMCID: PMC10585933 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has evolved several strategies to overcome host cell defenses by inducing cell injury to favour its replication. Many viruses have been reported to modulate the intracellular redox balance, affecting the Nuclear factor erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (NRF2) signaling pathway. Although antioxidant modulation by SARS-CoV-2 infection has already been described, the viral factors involved in modulating the NRF2 pathway are still elusive. Given the antagonistic activity of ORF6 on several cellular pathways, we investigated the role of the viral protein towards NRF2-mediated antioxidant response. The ectopic expression of the wt-ORF6 protein negatively impacts redox cell homeostasis, leading to an increase in ROS production, along with a decrease in NRF2 protein and its downstream controlled genes. Moreover, when investigating the Δ61 mutant, previously described as an inactive nucleopore proteins binding mutant, we prove that the oxidative stress induced by ORF6 is substantially related to its C-terminal domain, speculating that ORF6 mechanism of action is associated with the inhibition of nuclear mRNA export processes. In addition, activation by phosphorylation of the serine residue at position 40 of NRF2 is increased in the cytoplasm of wt-ORF6-expressing cells, supporting the presence of an altered redox state, although NRF2 nuclear translocation is hindered by the viral protein to fully antagonize the cell response. Furthermore, wt-ORF6 leads to phosphorylation of a stress-activated serine/threonine protein kinase, p38 MAPK, suggesting a role of the viral protein in regulating p38 activation. These findings strengthen the important role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and identify ORF6 as an important viral accessory protein hypothetically involved in modulating the antioxidant response during viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta De Angelis
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Anichini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Nencioni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Percaccio E, De Angelis M, Acquaviva A, Nicotra G, Ferrante C, Mazzanti G, Di Giacomo S, Nencioni L, Di Sotto A. ECHOPvir: A Mixture of Echinacea and Hop Extracts Endowed with Cytoprotective, Immunomodulatory and Antiviral Properties. Nutrients 2023; 15:4380. [PMID: 37892456 PMCID: PMC10609862 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections continue to pose significant challenges, particularly for more susceptible and immunocompromised individuals. Nutraceutical strategies have been proposed as promising strategies to mitigate their impact and improve public health. In the present study, we developed a mixture of two hydroalcoholic extracts from the aerial parts of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (ECP) and the cones of Humulus lupulus L. (HOP) that can be harnessed in the prevention and treatment of viral respiratory diseases. The ECP/HOP mixture (named ECHOPvir) was characterized for the antioxidant and cytoprotective properties in airway cells. Moreover, the immunomodulating properties of the mixture in murine macrophages against antioxidant and inflammatory stimuli and its antiviral efficacy against the PR8/H1N1 influenza virus were assayed. The modulation of the Nrf2 was also investigated as a mechanistic hypothesis. The ECP/HOP mixture showed a promising multitarget bioactivity profile, with combined cytoprotective, antioxidant, immunomodulating and antiviral activities, likely due to the peculiar phytocomplexes of both ECP and HOP, and often potentiated the effect of the single extracts. The Nrf2 activation seemed to trigger these cytoprotective properties and suggest a possible usefulness in counteracting the damage caused by different stressors, including viral infection. Further studies may strengthen the interest in this product and underpin its future nutraceutical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ester Percaccio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Marta De Angelis
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.D.A.); (L.N.)
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Acquaviva
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.A.); (C.F.)
| | | | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.A.); (C.F.)
| | - Gabriela Mazzanti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Silvia Di Giacomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (G.M.)
- Unit of Human Nutrition and Health, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Lucia Nencioni
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.D.A.); (L.N.)
| | - Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (G.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wróblewska J, Wróblewski M, Hołyńska-Iwan I, Modrzejewska M, Nuszkiewicz J, Wróblewska W, Woźniak A. The Role of Glutathione in Selected Viral Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1325. [PMID: 37507865 PMCID: PMC10376684 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
During inflammatory processes, immunocompetent cells are exposed to substantial amounts of free radicals and toxic compounds. Glutathione is a cysteine-containing tripeptide that is an important and ubiquitous antioxidant molecule produced in human organs. The intracellular content of GSH regulates the detoxifying capacity of cells, as well as the inflammatory and immune response. GSH is particularly important in the liver, where it serves as the major non-protein thiol involved in cellular antioxidant defense. There are numerous causes of hepatitis. The inflammation of the liver can be caused by a variety of infectious viruses. The relationship between oxidative stress and the hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is not fully known. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between hepatotropic viruses and glutathione status, including reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), as well as antioxidant enzymes, e.g., glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wróblewska
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Marcin Wróblewski
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Iga Hołyńska-Iwan
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Martyna Modrzejewska
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Jarosław Nuszkiewicz
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Weronika Wróblewska
- Students Research Club of Medical Biology, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Alina Woźniak
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Soni S, Walton-Filipczak S, Nho RS, Tesfaigzi Y, Mebratu YA. Independent role of caspases and Bik in augmenting influenza A virus replication in airway epithelial cells and mice. Virol J 2023; 20:78. [PMID: 37095508 PMCID: PMC10127399 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02027-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Caspases and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) have been shown to promote influenza A virus (IAV) replication. However, the relative importance and molecular mechanisms of specific caspases and their downstream substrate PARP1 in regulating viral replication in airway epithelial cells (AECs) remains incompletely elucidated. Here, we targeted caspase 2, 3, 6, and PARP1 using specific inhibitors to compare their role in promoting IAV replication. Inhibition of each of these proteins caused significant decline in viral titer, although PARP1 inhibitor led to the most robust reduction of viral replication. We previously showed that the pro-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 interacting killer (Bik) promotes IAV replication in the AECs by activating caspase 3. In this study, we found that as compared with AECs from wild-type mice, bik-deficiency alone resulted in ~ 3 logs reduction in virus titer in the absence of treatment with the pan-caspase inhibitor (Q-VD-Oph). Inhibiting overall caspase activity using Q-VD-Oph caused additional decline in viral titer by ~ 1 log in bik-/- AECs. Similarly, mice treated with Q-VD-Oph were protected from IAV-induced lung inflammation and lethality. Inhibiting caspase activity diminished nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of viral nucleoprotein (NP) and cleavage of viral hemagglutinin and NP in human AECs. These findings suggest that caspases and PARP1 play major roles to independently promote IAV replication and that additional mechanism(s) independent of caspases and PARP1 may be involved in Bik-mediated IAV replication. Further, peptides or inhibitors that target and block multiple caspases or PARP1 may be effective treatment targets for influenza infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Soni
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie Walton-Filipczak
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Richard S Nho
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yohannes Tesfaigzi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yohannes A Mebratu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Miao X, Yin Y, Chen Y, Bi W, Yin Y, Chen S, Peng D, Gao L, Qin T, Liu X. Bidirectionally Regulating Viral and Cellular Ferroptosis with Metastable Iron Sulfide Against Influenza Virus. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2206869. [PMID: 37092591 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Influenza virus with numerous subtypes and frequent variation limits the development of high-efficacy and broad-spectrum antiviral strategy. Here, a novel multi-antiviral metastable iron sulfides (mFeS) against various influenza A/B subtype viruses is developed. This work finds that mFeS induces high levels of lipid peroxidation and •OH free radicals in the conservative viral envelope, which depends on Fe2+ . This phenomenon, termed as a viral ferroptosis, results in the loss of viral infectibility and pathogenicity in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Furthermore, the decoction of mFeS (Dc(mFeS)) inhibits cellular ferroptosis-dependent intracellular viral replication by correcting the virus-induced reprogrammed sulfur metabolism, a conserved cellular metabolism. Notably, personal protective equipment (PPE) that is loaded with mFeS provides good antiviral protection. Aerosol administration of mFeS combined with the decoction (mFeS&Dc) has a potential therapeutic effect against H1N1 lethal infection in mice. Collectively, mFeS represents an antiviral alternative with broad-spectrum activity against intracellular and extracellular influenza virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Miao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Yinyan Yin
- College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
- Guangling College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225000, P. R. China
| | - Yulian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Bi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Yuncong Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Sujuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Daxin Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Lizeng Gao
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
| | - Tao Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
How the Competition for Cysteine May Promote Infection of SARS-CoV-2 by Triggering Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020483. [PMID: 36830041 PMCID: PMC9952211 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 induces a broad range of clinical manifestations. Besides the main receptor, ACE2, other putative receptors and co-receptors have been described and could become genuinely relevant to explain the different tropism manifested by new variants. In this study, we propose a biochemical model envisaging the competition for cysteine as a key mechanism promoting the infection and the selection of host receptors. The SARS-CoV-2 infection produces ROS and triggers a massive biosynthesis of proteins rich in cysteine; if this amino acid becomes limiting, glutathione levels are depleted and cannot control oxidative stress. Hence, infection succeeds. A receptor should be recognized as a marker of suitable intracellular conditions, namely the full availability of amino acids except for low cysteine. First, we carried out a comparative investigation of SARS-CoV-2 proteins and human ACE2. Then, using hierarchical cluster protein analysis, we searched for similarities between all human proteins and spike produced by the latest variant, Omicron BA.1. We found 32 human proteins very close to spike in terms of amino acid content. Most of these potential SARS-CoV-2 receptors have less cysteine than spike. We suggest that these proteins could signal an intracellular shortage of cysteine, predicting a burst of oxidative stress when used as viral entry mediators.
Collapse
|
12
|
Checconi P, Coni C, Limongi D, Baldelli S, Ciccarone F, De Angelis M, Mengozzi M, Ghezzi P, Ciriolo MR, Nencioni L, Palamara AT. Influenza virus replication is affected by glutaredoxin1-mediated protein deglutathionylation. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22729. [PMID: 36583688 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201239rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Several redox modifications have been described during viral infection, including influenza virus infection, but little is known about glutathionylation and this respiratory virus. Glutathionylation is a reversible, post-translational modification, in which protein cysteine forms transient disulfides with glutathione (GSH), catalyzed by cellular oxidoreductases and in particular by glutaredoxin (Grx). We show here that (i) influenza virus infection induces protein glutathionylation, including that of viral proteins such as hemagglutinin (HA); (ii) Grx1-mediated deglutathionylation is important for the viral life cycle, as its inhibition, either with an inhibitor of its enzymatic activity or by siRNA, decreases viral replication. Overall these data contribute to the characterization of the complex picture of redox regulation of the influenza virus replication cycle and could help to identify new targets to control respiratory viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Checconi
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Microbiology of Chronic-Neurodegenerative Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Coni
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Microbiology of Chronic-Neurodegenerative Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Dolores Limongi
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Microbiology of Chronic-Neurodegenerative Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Baldelli
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Biochemistry of Aging, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciccarone
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Aging, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Marta De Angelis
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Mengozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Ciriolo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Aging, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Nencioni
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yegiazaryan A, Abnousian A, Alexander LJ, Badaoui A, Flaig B, Sheren N, Aghazarian A, Alsaigh D, Amin A, Mundra A, Nazaryan A, Guilford FT, Venketaraman V. Recent Developments in the Understanding of Immunity, Pathogenesis and Management of COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9297. [PMID: 36012562 PMCID: PMC9409103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses represent a diverse family of enveloped positive-sense single stranded RNA viruses. COVID-19, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2, is a highly contagious respiratory disease transmissible mainly via close contact and respiratory droplets which can result in severe, life-threatening respiratory pathologies. It is understood that glutathione, a naturally occurring antioxidant known for its role in immune response and cellular detoxification, is the target of various proinflammatory cytokines and transcription factors resulting in the infection, replication, and production of reactive oxygen species. This leads to more severe symptoms of COVID-19 and increased susceptibility to other illnesses such as tuberculosis. The emergence of vaccines against COVID-19, usage of monoclonal antibodies as treatments for infection, and implementation of pharmaceutical drugs have been effective methods for preventing and treating symptoms. However, with the mutating nature of the virus, other treatment modalities have been in research. With its role in antiviral defense and immune response, glutathione has been heavily explored in regard to COVID-19. Glutathione has demonstrated protective effects on inflammation and downregulation of reactive oxygen species, thereby resulting in less severe symptoms of COVID-19 infection and warranting the discussion of glutathione as a treatment mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aram Yegiazaryan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Arbi Abnousian
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Logan J. Alexander
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Ali Badaoui
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Brandon Flaig
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Nisar Sheren
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Armin Aghazarian
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Dijla Alsaigh
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Arman Amin
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Akaash Mundra
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Anthony Nazaryan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | | | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ferroptosis in viral infection: the unexplored possibility. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1905-1915. [PMID: 34873317 PMCID: PMC8646346 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00814-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-induced cell death has long been thought of as a double-edged sword in the inhibition or exacerbation of viral infections. The vital role of iron, an essential element for various enzymes in the maintenance of cellular physiology and efficient viral replication, places it at the crossroads and makes it a micronutrient of competition between the viruses and the host. Viruses can interrupt iron uptake and the antioxidant response system, while others can utilize iron transporter proteins as receptors. Interestingly, the unavailability of iron facilitates certain viral infections and causes cell death characterized by lipid peroxide accumulation and malfunction of the antioxidant system. In this review, we discuss how iron uptake, regulation and metabolism, including the redistribution of iron in the host defense system during viral infection, can induce ferroptosis. Fenton reactions, a central characteristic of ferroptosis, are caused by the increased iron content in the cell. Therefore, viral infections that increase cellular iron content or intestinal iron absorption are likely to cause ferroptosis. In addition, we discuss the hijacking of the iron regulatoy pathway and the antioxidant response, both of which are typical in viral infections. Understanding the potential signaling mechanisms of ferroptosis in viral infections will aid in the development of new therapeutic agents.
Collapse
|
15
|
Kumova OK, Galani IE, Rao A, Johnson H, Triantafyllia V, Matt SM, Pascasio J, Gaskill PJ, Andreakos E, Katsikis PD, Carey AJ. Severity of neonatal influenza infection is driven by type I interferon and oxidative stress. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1309-1320. [PMID: 36352099 PMCID: PMC9724789 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00576-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Neonates exhibit increased susceptibility to respiratory viral infections, attributed to inflammation at the developing pulmonary air-blood interface. IFN I are antiviral cytokines critical to control viral replication, but also promote inflammation. Previously, we established a neonatal murine influenza virus (IV) model, which demonstrates increased mortality. Here, we sought to determine the role of IFN I in this increased mortality. We found that three-day-old IFNAR-deficient mice are highly protected from IV-induced mortality. In addition, exposure to IFNβ 24 h post IV infection accelerated death in WT neonatal animals but did not impact adult mortality. In contrast, IFN IIIs are protective to neonatal mice. IFNβ induced an oxidative stress imbalance specifically in primary neonatal IV-infected pulmonary type II epithelial cells (TIIEC), not in adult TIIECs. Moreover, neonates did not have an infection-induced increase in antioxidants, including a key antioxidant, superoxide dismutase 3, as compared to adults. Importantly, antioxidant treatment rescued IV-infected neonatal mice, but had no impact on adult morbidity. We propose that IFN I exacerbate an oxidative stress imbalance in the neonate because of IFN I-induced pulmonary TIIEC ROS production coupled with developmentally regulated, defective antioxidant production in response to IV infection. This age-specific imbalance contributes to mortality after respiratory infections in this vulnerable population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ogan K. Kumova
- Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ioanna-Evdokia Galani
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Abhishek Rao
- Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hannah Johnson
- Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Vasiliki Triantafyllia
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stephanie M. Matt
- Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Judy Pascasio
- Pathology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Peter J. Gaskill
- Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Evangelos Andreakos
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Peter D. Katsikis
- Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alison J. Carey
- Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
De Angelis M, Amatore D, Checconi P, Zevini A, Fraternale A, Magnani M, Hiscott J, De Chiara G, Palamara AT, Nencioni L. Influenza Virus Down-Modulates G6PD Expression and Activity to Induce Oxidative Stress and Promote Its Replication. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:804976. [PMID: 35071051 PMCID: PMC8770543 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.804976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infection induces oxidative stress in host cells by decreasing the intracellular content of glutathione (GSH) and increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is responsible for the production of reducing equivalents of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) that is used to regenerate the reduced form of GSH, thus restoring redox homeostasis. Cells deficient in G6PD display elevated levels of ROS and an increased susceptibility to viral infection, although the consequences of G6PD modulation during viral infection remain to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that influenza virus infection decreases G6PD expression and activity, resulting in an increase in oxidative stress and virus replication. Moreover, the down regulation of G6PD correlated with a decrease in the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a key transcription factor that regulates the expression of the antioxidant response gene network. Also down-regulated in influenza virus infected cells was sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), a NADPH-dependent deacetylase involved in the regulation of G6PD activity. Acetylation of G6PD increased during influenza virus infection in a manner that was strictly dependent on SIRT2 expression. Furthermore, the use of a pharmacological activator of SIRT2 rescued GSH production and NRF2 expression, leading to decreased influenza virus replication. Overall, these data identify a novel strategy used by influenza virus to induce oxidative stress and to favor its replication in host cells. These observations furthermore suggest that manipulation of metabolic and oxidative stress pathways could define new therapeutic strategies to interfere with influenza virus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta De Angelis
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Amatore
- Scientific Department, Army Medical Center, Via di Santo Stefano Rotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Checconi
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Zevini
- Pasteur Laboratory, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - John Hiscott
- Pasteur Laboratory, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna De Chiara
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Nencioni
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
BK Polyomavirus Activates HSF1 Stimulating Human Kidney Hek293 Cell Proliferation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9176993. [PMID: 34845419 PMCID: PMC8627348 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9176993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Some DNA viruses, such as BKPyV, are capable of inducing neoplastic transformation in human tissues through still unclear mechanisms. The goal of this study is to investigate the carcinogenic potential of BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) in human embryonic kidney 293 (Hek293) cells, dissecting the molecular mechanism that determines the neoplastic transformation. Materials and Methods BKPyV, isolated from urine samples of infected patients, was used to infect monolayers of Hek293 cells. Subsequently, intracellular redox changes, GSH/GSSH concentration by HPLC, and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) production were monitored. Moreover, to understand the signaling pathway underlying the neoplastic transformation, the redox-sensitive HFS1-Hsp27 molecular axis was examined using the flavonoid quercetin and polishort hairpin RNA technologies. Results The data obtained show that while BKPyV replication is closely linked to the transcription factor p53, the increase in Hek293 cell proliferation is due to the activation of the signaling pathway mediated by HSF1-Hsp27. In fact, its inhibition blocks viral replication and cell growth, respectively. Conclusions The HSF1-Hsp27 signaling pathway is involved in BKPyV infection and cellular replication and its activation, which could be involved in cell transformation.
Collapse
|
18
|
Protective Role of Combined Polyphenols and Micronutrients against Influenza A Virus and SARS-CoV-2 Infection In Vitro. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111721. [PMID: 34829949 PMCID: PMC8615651 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols have been widely studied for their antiviral effect against respiratory virus infections. Among these, resveratrol (RV) has been demonstrated to inhibit influenza virus replication and more recently, it has been tested together with pterostilbene against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In the present work, we evaluated the antiviral activity of polydatin, an RV precursor, and a mixture of polyphenols and other micronutrients, named A5+, against influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 infections. To this end, we infected Vero E6 cells and analyzed the replication of both respiratory viruses in terms of viral proteins synthesis and viral titration. We demonstrated that A5+ showed a higher efficacy in inhibiting both influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 infections compared to polydatin treatment alone. Indeed, post infection treatment significantly decreased viral proteins expression and viral release, probably by interfering with any step of virus replicative cycle. Intriguingly, A5+ treatment strongly reduced IL-6 cytokine production in influenza virus-infected cells, suggesting its potential anti-inflammatory properties during the infection. Overall, these results demonstrate the synergic and innovative antiviral efficacy of A5+ mixture, although further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying its inhibitory effect.
Collapse
|
19
|
Nasopharyngeal metabolomics and machine learning approach for the diagnosis of influenza. EBioMedicine 2021; 71:103546. [PMID: 34419924 PMCID: PMC8385175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory virus infections are significant causes of morbidity and mortality, and may induce host metabolite alterations by infecting respiratory epithelial cells. We investigated the use of liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/Q-TOF) combined with machine learning for the diagnosis of influenza infection. Methods We analyzed nasopharyngeal swab samples by LC/Q-TOF to identify distinct metabolic signatures for diagnosis of acute illness. Machine learning models were performed for classification, followed by Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) analysis to analyze feature importance and for biomarker discovery. Findings A total of 236 samples were tested in the discovery phase by LC/Q-TOF, including 118 positive samples (40 influenza A 2009 H1N1, 39 influenza H3 and 39 influenza B) as well as 118 age and sex-matched negative controls with acute respiratory illness. Analysis showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 1.00 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.99, 1.00), sensitivity of 1.00 (95% CI 0.86, 1.00) and specificity of 0.96 (95% CI 0.81, 0.99). The metabolite most strongly associated with differential classification was pyroglutamic acid. Independent validation of a biomarker signature based on the top 20 differentiating ion features was performed in a prospective cohort of 96 symptomatic individuals including 48 positive samples (24 influenza A 2009 H1N1, 5 influenza H3 and 19 influenza B) and 48 negative samples. Testing performed using a clinically-applicable targeted approach, liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, showed an AUC of 1.00 (95% CI 0.998, 1.00), sensitivity of 0.94 (95% CI 0.83, 0.98), and specificity of 1.00 (95% CI 0.93, 1.00). Limitations include lack of sample suitability assessment, and need to validate these findings in additional patient populations. Interpretation This metabolomic approach has potential for diagnostic applications in infectious diseases testing, including other respiratory viruses, and may eventually be adapted for point-of-care testing.
Collapse
|
20
|
Rossi GA, Sacco O, Capizzi A, Mastromarino P. Can Resveratrol-Inhaled Formulations Be Considered Potential Adjunct Treatments for COVID-19? Front Immunol 2021; 12:670955. [PMID: 34093569 PMCID: PMC8172170 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.670955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to an extraordinary threat to the global healthcare system. This infection disease, named COVID-19, is characterized by a wide clinical spectrum, ranging from asymptomatic or mild upper respiratory tract illness to severe viral pneumonia with fulminant cytokine storm, which leads to respiratory failure. To improve patient outcomes, both the inhibition of viral replication and of the unwarranted excessive inflammatory response are crucial. Since no specific antiviral drug has been proven effective for the treatment of patients and the only upcoming promising agents are monoclonal antibodies, inexpensive, safe, and widely available treatments are urgently needed. A potential anti-inflammatory molecule to be evaluated, which possesses antiviral activities in several experimental models, is the polyphenol resveratrol. This compound has been shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in human primary bronchial epithelial cell cultures and to downregulate several pathogenetic mechanisms involved in COVID-19 severity. The use of resveratrol in clinical practice is limited by the low bioavailability following oral administration, due to the pharmacokinetic and metabolic characteristics of the molecule. Therefore, topical administration through inhaled formulations could allow us to achieve sufficiently high concentrations of the compound in the airways, the entry route of SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni A Rossi
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonary Disease Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Oliviero Sacco
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonary Disease Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonino Capizzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonary Disease Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Mastromarino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Section, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Intracellular Redox-Modulated Pathways as Targets for Effective Approaches in the Treatment of Viral Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073603. [PMID: 33808471 PMCID: PMC8036776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Host-directed therapy using drugs that target cellular pathways required for virus lifecycle or its clearance might represent an effective approach for treating infectious diseases. Changes in redox homeostasis, including intracellular glutathione (GSH) depletion, are one of the key events that favor virus replication and contribute to the pathogenesis of virus-induced disease. Redox homeostasis has an important role in maintaining an appropriate Th1/Th2 balance, which is necessary to mount an effective immune response against viral infection and to avoid excessive inflammatory responses. It is known that excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by viral infection activates nuclear factor (NF)-kB, which orchestrates the expression of viral and host genes involved in the viral replication and inflammatory response. Moreover, redox-regulated protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) chaperones have an essential role in catalyzing formation of disulfide bonds in viral proteins. This review aims at describing the role of GSH in modulating redox sensitive pathways, in particular that mediated by NF-kB, and PDI activity. The second part of the review discusses the effectiveness of GSH-boosting molecules as broad-spectrum antivirals acting in a multifaceted way that includes the modulation of immune and inflammatory responses.
Collapse
|
22
|
Elias T, Lee LH, Rossi M, Caruso F, Adams SD. In Vitro Analysis of the Antioxidant and Antiviral Activity of Embelin against Herpes Simplex Virus-1. Microorganisms 2021; 9:434. [PMID: 33669814 PMCID: PMC7922599 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) causes a wide range of infections from mild to life-threatening in the human population. There are effective treatments for HSV-1 infections that are limited due HSV-1 latency and development of resistance to current therapeutics. The goal of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and antiviral effects of embelin on HSV-1 in cultured Vero cells. Oxidative stress was verified by an extensive production of a reactive oxygen species (ROS) H2O2. Vero cells were infected with a recombinant strain of HSV-1 and antiviral assays, time course attachment, penetration, and post penetration assays, confocal microscopy, qPCR, and antioxidant assays were conducted. Our results lead to the conclusion that embelin is noncytotoxic at concentrations tested ranging from 20 to 70 µM. Treatment of HSV-1 virions with embelin resulted in 98.7-100% inhibition and affected the early stage of HSV-1 infection of Vero cells, by inhibiting the attachment and penetration of HSV-1 virions to host cells. Treatment of virions with concentrations of embelin ranging from 35 to 60 µM significantly reduced the production of H2O2. In conclusion, embelin reduces oxidative damage caused by HSV-1 infection and is an effective antiviral to reduce the infection of HSV-1 in cultured Vero cells. Further studies are needed to explore the possibility of embelin as a medicinal agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tony Elias
- Department of Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA; (T.E.); (L.H.L.)
| | - Lee H. Lee
- Department of Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA; (T.E.); (L.H.L.)
| | - Miriam Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA; (M.R.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Caruso
- Department of Chemistry, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA; (M.R.); (F.C.)
| | - Sandra D. Adams
- Department of Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA; (T.E.); (L.H.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zippilli C, Botta L, Bizzarri BM, Nencioni L, De Angelis M, Protto V, Giorgi G, Baratto MC, Pogni R, Saladino R. Laccase-Catalyzed 1,4-Dioxane-Mediated Synthesis of Belladine N-Oxides with Anti-Influenza A Virus Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1337. [PMID: 33572794 PMCID: PMC7866262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Belladine N-oxides active against influenza A virus have been synthetized by a novel laccase-catalyzed 1,4-dioxane-mediated oxidation of aromatic and side-chain modified belladine derivatives. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis confirmed the role of 1,4-dioxane as a co-oxidant. The reaction was chemo-selective, showing a high functional-group compatibility. The novel belladine N-oxides were active against influenza A virus, involving the early stage of the virus replication life cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Zippilli
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (C.Z.); (L.B.); (B.M.B.)
| | - Lorenzo Botta
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (C.Z.); (L.B.); (B.M.B.)
| | - Bruno Mattia Bizzarri
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (C.Z.); (L.B.); (B.M.B.)
| | - Lucia Nencioni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.D.A.); (V.P.)
| | - Marta De Angelis
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.D.A.); (V.P.)
| | - Virginia Protto
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.D.A.); (V.P.)
| | - Gianluca Giorgi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.G.); (M.C.B.); (R.P.)
| | - Maria Camilla Baratto
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.G.); (M.C.B.); (R.P.)
| | - Rebecca Pogni
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.G.); (M.C.B.); (R.P.)
| | - Raffaele Saladino
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (C.Z.); (L.B.); (B.M.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Krishnamoorthy P, Raj AS, Roy S, Kumar NS, Kumar H. Comparative transcriptome analysis of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 to identify potential pathways for drug repurposing. Comput Biol Med 2021; 128:104123. [PMID: 33260034 PMCID: PMC7683955 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.104123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by the coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has already caused in excess of 1.25 million deaths worldwide, and the number is increasing. Knowledge of the host transcriptional response against this virus and how the pathways are activated or suppressed compared to other human coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV) that caused outbreaks previously can help in the identification of potential drugs for the treatment of COVID-19. Hence, we used time point meta-analysis to investigate available SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in-vitro transcriptome datasets in order to identify the significant genes and pathways that are dysregulated at each time point. The subsequent over-representation analysis (ORA) revealed that several pathways are significantly dysregulated at each time point after both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infection. We also performed gene set enrichment analyses of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV with that of SARS-CoV-2 at the same time point and cell line, the results of which revealed that common pathways are activated and suppressed in all three coronaviruses. Furthermore, an analysis of an in-vivo transcriptomic dataset of COVID-19 patients showed that similar pathways are enriched to those identified in the earlier analyses. Based on these findings, a drug repurposing analysis was performed to identify potential drug candidates for combating COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pandikannan Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, MP, India
| | - Athira S Raj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, MP, India
| | - Swagnik Roy
- Microbiology Department, Zoram Medical College, Falkawn, Mizoram, 796005, India
| | | | - Himanshu Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, MP, India; Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology, Frontier Research Centre, Osaka University, Osaka, 5650871, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sestili P, Fimognari C. Paracetamol-Induced Glutathione Consumption: Is There a Link With Severe COVID-19 Illness? Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:579944. [PMID: 33117175 PMCID: PMC7577213 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.579944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic is posing an unprecedented sanitary threat: antiviral and host-directed medications to treat the disease are urgently needed. A great effort has been paid to find drugs and treatments for hospitalized, severely ill patients. However, medications used for the domiciliary management of early symptoms, notwithstanding their importance, have not been and are not presently regarded with the same attention and seriousness. In analogy with other airways viral infections, COVID-19 patients in the early phase require specific antivirals (still lacking) and non-etiotropic drugs to lower pain, fever, and control inflammation. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and paracetamol (PAC) are widely used as non-etiotropic agents in common airways viral infections and hence are both theoretically repurposable for COVID-19. However, a warning from some research reports and National Authorities raised NSAIDs safety concerns because of the supposed induction of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) levels (the receptor used by SARS-CoV2 to enter host airways cells), the increased risk of bacterial superinfections and masking of disease symptoms. As a consequence, the use of NSAIDs was, and is still, discouraged while the alternative adoption of paracetamol is still preferred. On the basis of novel data and hypothesis on the possible role of scarce glutathione (GSH) levels in the exacerbation of COVID-19 and of the GSH depleting activity of PAC, this commentary raises the question of whether PAC may be the better choice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piero Sestili
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DISB), Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Carmela Fimognari
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Qualità della Vita, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Guloyan V, Oganesian B, Baghdasaryan N, Yeh C, Singh M, Guilford F, Ting YS, Venketaraman V. Glutathione Supplementation as an Adjunctive Therapy in COVID-19. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100914. [PMID: 32992775 PMCID: PMC7601802 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Morbidity and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are due in large part to severe cytokine storm and hypercoagulable state brought on by dysregulated host-inflammatory immune response, ultimately leading to multi-organ failure. Exacerbated oxidative stress caused by increased levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) along with decreased levels of interferon α and interferon β (IFN-α, IFN-β) are mainly believed to drive the disease process. Based on the evidence attesting to the ability of glutathione (GSH) to inhibit viral replication and decrease levels of IL-6 in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) patients, as well as beneficial effects of GSH on other pulmonary diseases processes, we believe the use of liposomal GSH could be beneficial in COVID-19 patients. This review discusses the epidemiology, transmission, and clinical presentation of COVID-19 with a focus on its pathogenesis and the possible use of liposomal GSH as an adjunctive treatment to the current treatment modalities in COVID-19 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vika Guloyan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA; (V.G.); (B.O.); (N.B.); (C.Y.); (Y.-S.T.)
| | - Buzand Oganesian
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA; (V.G.); (B.O.); (N.B.); (C.Y.); (Y.-S.T.)
| | - Nicole Baghdasaryan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA; (V.G.); (B.O.); (N.B.); (C.Y.); (Y.-S.T.)
| | - Christopher Yeh
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA; (V.G.); (B.O.); (N.B.); (C.Y.); (Y.-S.T.)
| | - Manpreet Singh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, St Barnabas Hospital, Bronx, NY 10457, USA;
| | | | - Yu-Sam Ting
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA; (V.G.); (B.O.); (N.B.); (C.Y.); (Y.-S.T.)
| | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA; (V.G.); (B.O.); (N.B.); (C.Y.); (Y.-S.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-909-706-3736; Fax: +1-909-469-5698
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
De Flora S, Balansky R, La Maestra S. Rationale for the use of N-acetylcysteine in both prevention and adjuvant therapy of COVID-19. FASEB J 2020; 34:13185-13193. [PMID: 32780893 PMCID: PMC7436914 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
COVID‐19 may cause pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, cardiovascular alterations, and multiple organ failure, which have been ascribed to a cytokine storm, a systemic inflammatory response, and an attack by the immune system. Moreover, an oxidative stress imbalance has been demonstrated to occur in COVID‐19 patients. N‐ Acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC) is a precursor of reduced glutathione (GSH). Due to its tolerability, this pleiotropic drug has been proposed not only as a mucolytic agent, but also as a preventive/therapeutic agent in a variety of disorders involving GSH depletion and oxidative stress. At very high doses, NAC is also used as an antidote against paracetamol intoxication. Thiols block the angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 thereby hampering penetration of SARS‐CoV‐2 into cells. Based on a broad range of antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory mechanisms, which are herein reviewed, the oral administration of NAC is likely to attenuate the risk of developing COVID‐19, as it was previously demonstrated for influenza and influenza‐like illnesses. Moreover, high‐dose intravenous NAC may be expected to play an adjuvant role in the treatment of severe COVID‐19 cases and in the control of its lethal complications, also including pulmonary and cardiovascular adverse events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvio De Flora
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kim H, Lim CY, Chung MS. Magnolia officinalis and Its Honokiol and Magnolol Constituents Inhibit Human Norovirus Surrogates. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2020; 18:24-30. [PMID: 32716659 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Norovirus is a major cause of foodborne disease and nonbacterial gastroenteritis globally. This study evaluated the antiviral effects of Magnolia officinalis extract and its honokiol and magnolol constituents against human norovirus surrogates, murine norovirus (MNV) and feline calicivirus (FCV) in vitro, and in model food systems. Pretreatment or cotreatment of M. officinalis extract at 1 mg/mL reduced MNV and FCV titers by 0.6-1.8 log. Honokiol and magnolol, which are the major polyphenols in the extract, showed significant antiviral effects against MNV and FCV. The virus-infected cells that were treated with M. officinalis extract exhibited significantly increased glutathione levels (p < 0.05). The extract, honokiol, and magnolol revealed ferric ion-reducing and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activities in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, MNV and FCV titers were reduced by >1.6 log or to undetectable levels in apple, orange, and plum juices and by 0.9 and 1.6 log in milk, respectively, when they were treated with the extract at 5 mg/mL. Therefore, the present study suggests that M. officinalis extract can be used as an antiviral food material to control norovirus foodborne diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyojin Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chae Yeon Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Sook Chung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen KK, Minakuchi M, Wuputra K, Ku CC, Pan JB, Kuo KK, Lin YC, Saito S, Lin CS, Yokoyama KK. Redox control in the pathophysiology of influenza virus infection. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:214. [PMID: 32689931 PMCID: PMC7370268 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01890-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triggered in response to external and internal ligands in cells and animals, redox homeostasis is transmitted via signal molecules involved in defense redox mechanisms through networks of cell proliferation, differentiation, intracellular detoxification, bacterial infection, and immune reactions. Cellular oxidation is not necessarily harmful per se, but its effects depend on the balance between the peroxidation and antioxidation cascades, which can vary according to the stimulus and serve to maintain oxygen homeostasis. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are generated during influenza virus (IV) infection have critical effects on both the virus and host cells. In this review, we outline the link between viral infection and redox control using IV infection as an example. We discuss the current state of knowledge on the molecular relationship between cellular oxidation mediated by ROS accumulation and the diversity of IV infection. We also summarize the potential anti-IV agents available currently that act by targeting redox biology/pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ker-Kong Chen
- School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Densitory, Kaohisung University Hospital, Kaohisung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Moeko Minakuchi
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseca University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Kenly Wuputra
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, 80807, Taiwan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Ku
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, 80807, Taiwan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Bin Pan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, 80807, Taiwan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Kai Kuo
- Department Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chu Lin
- School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Shigeo Saito
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseca University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
- Saito Laboratory of Cell Technology Institute, Yalta, Tochigi, 329-1471, Japan
| | - Chang-Shen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, 80807, Taiwan.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Kazunari K Yokoyama
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseca University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, 80807, Taiwan.
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Checconi P, De Angelis M, Marcocci ME, Fraternale A, Magnani M, Palamara AT, Nencioni L. Redox-Modulating Agents in the Treatment of Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4084. [PMID: 32521619 PMCID: PMC7312898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses use cell machinery to replicate their genome and produce viral proteins. For this reason, several intracellular factors, including the redox state, might directly or indirectly affect the progression and outcome of viral infection. In physiological conditions, the redox balance between oxidant and antioxidant species is maintained by enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems, and it finely regulates several cell functions. Different viruses break this equilibrium and induce an oxidative stress that in turn facilitates specific steps of the virus lifecycle and activates an inflammatory response. In this context, many studies highlighted the importance of redox-sensitive pathways as novel cell-based targets for therapies aimed at blocking both viral replication and virus-induced inflammation. In the review, we discuss the most recent findings in this field. In particular, we describe the effects of natural or synthetic redox-modulating molecules in inhibiting DNA or RNA virus replication as well as inflammatory pathways. The importance of the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 is also discussed. Most of the data reported here are on influenza virus infection. We believe that this approach could be usefully applied to fight other acute respiratory viral infections characterized by a strong inflammatory response, like COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Checconi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy; (P.C.); (A.T.P.)
| | - Marta De Angelis
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.D.A.); (M.E.M.)
| | - Maria Elena Marcocci
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.D.A.); (M.E.M.)
| | - Alessandra Fraternale
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy; (A.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy; (A.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy; (P.C.); (A.T.P.)
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.D.A.); (M.E.M.)
| | - Lucia Nencioni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.D.A.); (M.E.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Keshavarz M, Solaymani-Mohammadi F, Namdari H, Arjeini Y, Mousavi MJ, Rezaei F. Metabolic host response and therapeutic approaches to influenza infection. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2020; 25:15. [PMID: 32161622 PMCID: PMC7059726 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-020-00211-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on available metabolomic studies, influenza infection affects a variety of cellular metabolic pathways to ensure an optimal environment for its replication and production of viral particles. Following infection, glucose uptake and aerobic glycolysis increase in infected cells continually, which results in higher glucose consumption. The pentose phosphate shunt, as another glucose-consuming pathway, is enhanced by influenza infection to help produce more nucleotides, especially ATP. Regarding lipid species, following infection, levels of triglycerides, phospholipids, and several lipid derivatives undergo perturbations, some of which are associated with inflammatory responses. Also, mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation decreases significantly simultaneously with an increase in biosynthesis of fatty acids and membrane lipids. Moreover, essential amino acids are demonstrated to decline in infected tissues due to the production of large amounts of viral and cellular proteins. Immune responses against influenza infection, on the other hand, could significantly affect metabolic pathways. Mainly, interferon (IFN) production following viral infection affects cell function via alteration in amino acid synthesis, membrane composition, and lipid metabolism. Understanding metabolic alterations required for influenza virus replication has revealed novel therapeutic methods based on targeted inhibition of these cellular metabolic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Keshavarz
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | | | - Haideh Namdari
- Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaser Arjeini
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Mousavi
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Farhad Rezaei
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- National Influenza Center, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Synthesis of Stilbene and Chalcone Inhibitors of Influenza A Virus by SBA-15 Supported Hoveyda-Grubbs Metathesis. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9120983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stilbene and chalcone derivatives with biological activity against influenza A virus have been synthesized by self-, cross-, and ring-closing metathesis procedures. The reactions were performed under environmentally friendly conditions using the second generation Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst Aquamet SiPr after immobilization on Santa Barbara Amorphous mesoporous silicate SBA-15. Irrespective from the experimental conditions, the heterogeneous catalyst showed activity and selectivity comparable than the homogeneous counterpart for at least six successive runs without appreciable leaching of the active species. An appreciable antiviral activity against influenza A virus for some of the novel derivatives were observed, mainly involving the early stage of the virus-replication life-cycle.
Collapse
|
33
|
DNA mismatch repair is required for the host innate response and controls cellular fate after influenza virus infection. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:1964-1977. [PMID: 31358986 PMCID: PMC6814535 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0509-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the cytopathic nature of influenza A virus (IAV) replication, we
recently reported that a subset of lung epithelial club cells is able to
intrinsically clear virus and survive infection. However, the mechanisms that
drive cell survival during a normally lytic infection remained unclear. Using a
loss-of-function screening approach, we discovered that the DNA mismatch repair
(MMR) pathway is essential for club cell survival of IAV infection. Repair of
virally-induced oxidative damage by the DNA MMR pathway not only allowed cell
survival of infection but also facilitated host gene transcription, including
the expression of antiviral and stress response genes. Enhanced viral
suppression of the DNA MMR pathway prevented club cell survival and increased
the severity of viral disease in vivo. Altogether, these
results identify previously unappreciated roles for DNA MMR as a central
modulator of cellular fate and a contributor to the innate antiviral response,
which together, control influenza viral disease severity.
Collapse
|
34
|
Jung KI, Ko DH, Shin N, Pyo CW, Choi SY. Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation potentiates the infectivity of influenza A virus by regulating the host redox state. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 135:293-305. [PMID: 30905731 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
During influenza A virus (IAV) infection, significant effects of oxidative stress often emerge due to the disruption of the redox balance. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during IAV infection have been known to exert various effects on both the virus and host tissue. However, the mechanisms underlying the accumulation of ROS and their physiological significance in IAV infection have been extensively studied but remain to be fully understood. Here, we show that the levels of Sp1, a key controller of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene expression, and SOD1 are mainly dependent upon the activity of X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1), which is a downstream factor of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) during ER stress. In IRE1-deficient mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) or A549 human lung cells treated with XBP1 siRNA, IAV-induced Sp1 loss was mitigated. However, overexpression of the spliced form of XBP1 in IRE1-deficient MEFs resulted in a further decrease in Sp1 levels, whereas the unspliced form showed no significant differences. Treatment with proteasome inhibitor MG132 markedly inhibited the IRE1/XBP1-mediated loss of Sp1 and SOD, suggesting the involvement of proteasome-dependent ER-associated degradation (ERAD). The increase in SOD1 levels with the expression of siRNA-targeting p97, a central component of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, supports the major role of the ERAD process in IAV-mediated SOD1 loss. In addition, ROS generation due to IAV infection was attenuated in cells lacking either IRE1 or JNK. These results reveal the important roles of both IRE1/XBP1-mediated ERAD and the JNK pathway in IAV infection. Interestingly, the increase in ROS due to IAV infection is correlated with the increase in the virus titer in vitro and in vivo. However, 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA), an inhibitor of ER stress signaling, weakened the effect of IAV infection on SOD1 loss in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the treatment of mice with 4-PBA efficiently attenuated ROS generation and ER stress in lung tissue and eventually lowered the IAV titer. These results strongly suggest that the ERAD process plays a major role in IAV infection, thus making it a potential target for antiviral drug therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Il Jung
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Ko
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Nary Shin
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Chul Woong Pyo
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yun Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Amatore D, Celestino I, Brundu S, Galluzzi L, Coluccio P, Checconi P, Magnani M, Palamara AT, Fraternale A, Nencioni L. Glutathione increase by the n-butanoyl glutathione derivative (GSH-C4) inhibits viral replication and induces a predominant Th1 immune profile in old mice infected with influenza virus. FASEB Bioadv 2019; 1:296-305. [PMID: 32123833 PMCID: PMC6996388 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2018-00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During aging, glutathione (GSH) content declines and the immune system undergoes a deficiency in the induction of Th1 response. Reduced secretion of Th1 cytokines, which is associated with GSH depletion, could weaken the host defenses against viral infections. We first evaluated the concentration of GSH and cysteine in organs of old mice; then, the effect of the administration of the N-butanoyl GSH derivative (GSH-C4) on the response of aged mice infected with influenza A PR8/H1N1 virus was studied through the determination of GSH concentration in organs, lung viral titer, IgA and IgG1/IgG2a production, and Th1/Th2 cytokine profile. Old mice had lower GSH than young mice in organs. Also the gene expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers involved in GSH metabolism and folding of proteins, that is, Nrf2 and PDI, was reduced. Following infection, GSH content remained low and neither infection nor GSH-C4 treatment affected Nrf2 expression. In contrast, PDI expression was upregulated during infection and appeared counterbalanced by GSH-C4. Moreover, the treatment with GSH-C4 increased GSH content in organs, reduced viral replication and induced a predominant Th1 response. In conclusion, GSH-C4 treatment could be used in the elderly to contrast influenza virus infection by inducing immune response, in particular the Th1 profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Amatore
- Deparment of Public Health and Infectious DiseasesIstituto Pasteur Italia‐Fondazione Cenci‐Bolognetti, Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Ignacio Celestino
- Deparment of Public Health and Infectious DiseasesIstituto Pasteur Italia‐Fondazione Cenci‐Bolognetti, Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Serena Brundu
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbino (PU)Italy
| | - Luca Galluzzi
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbino (PU)Italy
| | - Paolo Coluccio
- Deparment of Public Health and Infectious DiseasesIstituto Pasteur Italia‐Fondazione Cenci‐Bolognetti, Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Paola Checconi
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of LifeIRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, San Raffaele Roma Open UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbino (PU)Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Deparment of Public Health and Infectious DiseasesIstituto Pasteur Italia‐Fondazione Cenci‐Bolognetti, Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of LifeIRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, San Raffaele Roma Open UniversityRomeItaly
| | | | - Lucia Nencioni
- Deparment of Public Health and Infectious DiseasesIstituto Pasteur Italia‐Fondazione Cenci‐Bolognetti, Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pohl SÖG, Agostino M, Dharmarajan A, Pervaiz S. Cross Talk Between Cellular Redox State and the Antiapoptotic Protein Bcl-2. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1215-1236. [PMID: 29304561 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) was discovered over three decades ago and is the prototype antiapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family that comprises proteins with contrasting effects on cell fate. First identified as a consequence of chromosomal translocation (t 14:18) in human lymphoma, subsequent studies have revealed mutations and/or gene copy number alterations as well as post-translational modifications of Bcl-2 in a variety of human cancers. The canonical function of Bcl-2 is linked to its ability to inhibit mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, thereby regulating apoptosome assembly and activation by blocking the cytosolic translocation of death amplification factors. Of note, the identification of specific domains within the Bcl-2 family of proteins (Bcl-2 homology domains; BH domains) has not only provided a mechanistic insight into the various interactions between the member proteins but has also been the impetus behind the design and development of small molecule inhibitors and BH3 mimetics for clinical use. Recent Advances: Aside from its role in maintaining mitochondrial integrity, recent evidence provides testimony to a novel facet in the biology of Bcl-2 that involves an intricate cross talk with cellular redox state. Bcl-2 overexpression modulates mitochondrial redox metabolism to create a "pro-oxidant" milieu, conducive for cell survival. However, under states of oxidative stress, overexpression of Bcl-2 functions as a redox sink to prevent excessive buildup of reactive oxygen species, thereby inhibiting execution signals. Emerging evidence indicates various redox-dependent transcriptional changes and post-translational modifications with different functional outcomes. CRITICAL ISSUES Understanding the complex interplay between Bcl-2 and the cellular redox milieu from the standpoint of cell fate signaling remains vital for a better understanding of pathological states associated with altered redox metabolism and/or aberrant Bcl-2 expression. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Based on its canonical functions, Bcl-2 has emerged as a potential druggable target. Small molecule inhibitors of Bcl-2 and/or other family members with similar function, as well as BH3 mimetics, are showing promise in the clinic. The emerging evidence for the noncanonical activity linked to cellular redox metabolism provides a novel avenue for the design and development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies against cancers refractory to conventional chemotherapy by the overexpression of this prosurvival protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Öther-Gee Pohl
- 1 Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Bentley, Western Australia .,2 School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia
| | - Mark Agostino
- 1 Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Bentley, Western Australia .,2 School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia .,3 Curtin Institute for Computation, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- 1 Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Bentley, Western Australia .,2 School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- 2 School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia .,4 Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,5 NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,6 National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System , Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Di Sotto A, Di Giacomo S, Amatore D, Locatelli M, Vitalone A, Toniolo C, Rotino GL, Lo Scalzo R, Palamara AT, Marcocci ME, Nencioni L. A Polyphenol Rich Extract from Solanum melongena L. DR2 Peel Exhibits Antioxidant Properties and Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Activity In Vitro. Molecules 2018; 23:E2066. [PMID: 30126139 PMCID: PMC6222547 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23082066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
DR2B and DR2C extracts, obtained by ethanolic maceration of peel from commercially and physiologically ripe aubergine berries, were studied for the antioxidative cytoprotective properties and anti-HSV-1 activity, in line with the evidence that several antioxidants can impair viral replication by maintaining reducing conditions in host cells. The antioxidative cytoprotective effects against tBOOH-induced damage were assessed in Caco2 cells, while antiviral activity was studied in Vero cells; polyphenolic fingerprints were characterized by integrated phytochemical methods. Results highlighted different compositions of the extracts, with chlorogenic acid and delphinidin-3-rutinoside as the major constituents; other peculiar phytochemicals were also identified. Both samples reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and exhibited scavenging and chelating properties. DR2C partly counteracted the tBOOH-induced cytotoxicity, with a remarkable lowering of lactate metabolism under both normoxia and hypoxia; interestingly, it increased intracellular GSH levels. Furthermore, DR2C inhibited the HSV-1 replication when added for 24 h after viral adsorption, as also confirmed by the reduction of many viral proteins' expression. Since DR2C was able to reduce NOX4 expression during HSV-1 infection, its antiviral activity may be correlated to its antioxidant properties. Although further studies are needed to better characterize DR2C activity, the results suggest this extract as a promising new anti-HSV-1 agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvia Di Giacomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Donatella Amatore
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Annabella Vitalone
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara Toniolo
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Leonardo Rotino
- Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics (CREA-GB), Via Paullese 28, Lodi, 26836 Montanaso Lombardo, Italy.
| | - Roberto Lo Scalzo
- Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing (CREA-IT), Via Venezian 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Elena Marcocci
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Lucia Nencioni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Celestino I, Checconi P, Amatore D, De Angelis M, Coluccio P, Dattilo R, Alunni Fegatelli D, Clemente AM, Matarrese P, Torcia MG, Mancinelli R, Mammola CL, Garaci E, Vestri AR, Malorni W, Palamara AT, Nencioni L. Differential Redox State Contributes to Sex Disparities in the Response to Influenza Virus Infection in Male and Female Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1747. [PMID: 30105026 PMCID: PMC6077261 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus replicates intracellularly exploiting several pathways involved in the regulation of host responses. The outcome and the severity of the infection are thus strongly conditioned by multiple host factors, including age, sex, metabolic, and redox conditions of the target cells. Hormones are also important determinants of host immune responses to influenza and are recently proposed in the prophylaxis and treatment. This study shows that female mice are less susceptible than males to mouse-adapted influenza virus (A/PR8/H1N1). Compared with males, PR8-infected females display higher survival rate (+36%), milder clinical disease, and less weight loss. They also have milder histopathological signs, especially free alveolar area is higher than that in males, even if pro-inflammatory cytokine production shows slight differences between sexes; hormone levels, moreover, do not vary significantly with infection in our model. Importantly, viral loads (both in terms of viral M1 RNA copies and tissue culture infectious dose 50%) are lower in PR8-infected females. An analysis of the mechanisms contributing to sex disparities observed during infection reveals that the female animals have higher total antioxidant power in serum and their lungs are characterized by increase in (i) the content and biosynthesis of glutathione, (ii) the expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes (peroxiredoxin 1, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase), and (iii) the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. By contrast, infected males are characterized by high expression of NADPH oxidase 4 oxidase and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, both enzymes promoting viral replication. All these factors are critical for cell homeostasis and susceptibility to infection. Reappraisal of the importance of the host cell redox state and sex-related effects may be useful in the attempt to develop more tailored therapeutic interventions in the fight against influenza.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Celestino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Checconi
- San Raffaele Pisana, IRCCS, Telematic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Amatore
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta De Angelis
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Coluccio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Dattilo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Danilo Alunni Fegatelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ann Maria Clemente
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Matarrese
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Torcia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Romina Mancinelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Loredana Mammola
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Garaci
- San Raffaele Pisana, IRCCS, Telematic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Vestri
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Walter Malorni
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- San Raffaele Pisana, IRCCS, Telematic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Nencioni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Redox Biology of Respiratory Viral Infections. Viruses 2018; 10:v10080392. [PMID: 30049972 PMCID: PMC6115776 DOI: 10.3390/v10080392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses cause infections of the upper or lower respiratory tract and they are responsible for the common cold—the most prevalent disease in the world. In many cases the common cold results in severe illness due to complications, such as fever or pneumonia. Children, old people, and immunosuppressed patients are at the highest risk and require fast diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. However, the availability and efficiencies of existing therapeutic approaches vary depending on the virus. Investigation of the pathologies that are associated with infection by respiratory viruses will be paramount for diagnosis, treatment modalities, and the development of new therapies. Changes in redox homeostasis in infected cells are one of the key events that is linked to infection with respiratory viruses and linked to inflammation and subsequent tissue damage. Our review summarizes current knowledge on changes to redox homeostasis, as induced by the different respiratory viruses.
Collapse
|
40
|
Di Sotto A, Checconi P, Celestino I, Locatelli M, Carissimi S, De Angelis M, Rossi V, Limongi D, Toniolo C, Martinoli L, Di Giacomo S, Palamara AT, Nencioni L. Antiviral and Antioxidant Activity of a Hydroalcoholic Extract from Humulus lupulus L. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5919237. [PMID: 30140367 PMCID: PMC6081516 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5919237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A hydroalcoholic extract from female inflorescences of Humulus lupulus L. (HOP extract) was evaluated for its anti-influenza activity. The ability of the extract to interfere with different phases of viral replication was assessed, as well as its effect on the intracellular redox state, being unbalanced versus the oxidative state in infected cells. The radical scavenging power, inhibition of lipoperoxidation, and ferric reducing activity were assayed as antioxidant mechanisms. A phytochemical characterization of the extract was also performed. We found that HOP extract significantly inhibited replication of various viral strains, at different time from infection. Viral replication was partly inhibited when virus was incubated with extract before infection, suggesting a direct effect on the virions. Since HOP extract was able to restore the reducing conditions of infected cells, by increasing glutathione content, its antiviral activity might be also due to an interference with redox-sensitive pathways required for viral replication. Accordingly, the extract exerted radical scavenging and reducing effects and inhibited lipoperoxidation and the tBOOH-induced cytotoxicity. At phytochemical analysis, different phenolics were identified, which altogether might contribute to HOP antiviral effect. In conclusion, our results highlighted anti-influenza and antioxidant properties of HOP extract, which encourage further in vivo studies to evaluate its possible application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology V. Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Checconi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Ignacio Celestino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. D'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Carissimi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta De Angelis
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Rossi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Dolores Limongi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Toniolo
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Martinoli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology V. Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Giacomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology V. Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Nencioni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bao S, Jia L, Zhou X, Zhang ZG, Wu HWL, Yu Z, Ng G, Fan Y, Wong DSM, Huang S, Wang To KK, Yuen KY, Yeung ML, Song YQ. Integrated analysis of mRNA-seq and miRNA-seq for host susceptibilities to influenza A (H7N9) infection in inbred mouse lines. Funct Integr Genomics 2018; 18:411-424. [PMID: 29564647 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-018-0602-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Host genetic factors play an important role in diverse host outcomes after influenza A (H7N9) infection. Studying differential responses of inbred mouse lines with distinct genetic backgrounds to influenza virus infection could substantially increase our understanding of the contributory roles of host genetic factors to disease severity. Here, we utilized an integrated approach of mRNA-seq and miRNA-seq to investigate the transcriptome expression and regulation of host genes in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mouse strains during influenza virus infection. The differential pathogenicity of influenza virus in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J has been fully demonstrated through immunohistochemical staining, histopathological analyses, and viral replication assessment. A transcriptional molecular signature correlates to differential host response to infection has been uncovered. With the introduction of temporal expression pattern analysis, we demonstrated that host factors responsible for influenza virus replication and host-virus interaction were significantly enriched in genes exhibiting distinct temporal dynamics between different inbred mouse lines. A combination of time-series expression analysis and temporal expression pattern analysis has provided a list of promising candidate genes for future studies. An integrated miRNA regulatory network from both mRNA-seq and miRNA-seq revealed several regulatory modules responsible for regulating host susceptibilities and disease severity. Overall, a comprehensive framework for analyzing host susceptibilities to influenza infection was established by integrating mRNA-seq and miRNA-seq data of inbred mouse lines. This work suggests novel putative molecular targets for therapeutic interventions in seasonal and pandemic influenza.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suying Bao
- Schoolof Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lilong Jia
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xueya Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhang
- Schoolof Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hazel Wai Lan Wu
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhe Yu
- Schoolof Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gordon Ng
- Schoolof Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanhui Fan
- Schoolof Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dana S M Wong
- Schoolof Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shishu Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kelvin Kai Wang To
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man Lung Yeung
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - You-Qiang Song
- Schoolof Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,HKU-SIRI/ZIRI, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,HKU-SUSTech Joint Laboratories of Matrix Biology and Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bizzarri BM, Botta L, Capecchi E, Celestino I, Checconi P, Palamara AT, Nencioni L, Saladino R. Regioselective IBX-Mediated Synthesis of Coumarin Derivatives with Antioxidant and Anti-influenza Activities. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:3247-3254. [PMID: 29236486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Different catechol and pyrogallol derivatives have been synthesized by oxidation of coumarins with 2-iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) in DMSO at 25 °C. A high regioselectivity was observed in accordance with the stability order of the incipient carbocation or radical benzylic-like intermediate. The oxidation was also effective in water under heterogeneous conditions by using IBX supported on polystyrene. The new derivatives showed improved antioxidant effects in the DPPH test and inhibitory activity against the influenza A/PR8/H1N1 virus. These data represent a new entry for highly oxidized coumarins showing an antiviral activity possibly based on the control of the intracellular redox value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M Bizzarri
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia , Via C. De Lellis, Viterbo, 01100, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Botta
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia , Via C. De Lellis, Viterbo, 01100, Italy
| | - Eliana Capecchi
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia , Via C. De Lellis, Viterbo, 01100, Italy
| | - Ignacio Celestino
- IRCCS, San Raffaele Pisana, Telematic University , Rome, 00163, Italy
| | - Paola Checconi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti , Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Anna T Palamara
- IRCCS, San Raffaele Pisana, Telematic University , Rome, 00163, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti , Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Lucia Nencioni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti , Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Raffaele Saladino
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia , Via C. De Lellis, Viterbo, 01100, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Diotallevi M, Checconi P, Palamara AT, Celestino I, Coppo L, Holmgren A, Abbas K, Peyrot F, Mengozzi M, Ghezzi P. Glutathione Fine-Tunes the Innate Immune Response toward Antiviral Pathways in a Macrophage Cell Line Independently of Its Antioxidant Properties. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1239. [PMID: 29033950 PMCID: PMC5626850 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH), a major cellular antioxidant, is considered an inhibitor of the inflammatory response involving reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, evidence is largely based on experiments with exogenously added antioxidants/reducing agents or pro-oxidants. We show that depleting macrophages of 99% of GSH does not exacerbate the inflammatory gene expression profile in the RAW264 macrophage cell line or increase expression of inflammatory cytokines in response to the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS); only two small patterns of LPS-induced genes were sensitive to GSH depletion. One group, mapping to innate immunity and antiviral responses (Oas2, Oas3, Mx2, Irf7, Irf9, STAT1, il1b), required GSH for optimal induction. Consequently, GSH depletion prevented the LPS-induced activation of antiviral response and its inhibition of influenza virus infection. LPS induction of a second group of genes (Prdx1, Srxn1, Hmox1, GSH synthase, cysteine transporters), mapping to nrf2 and the oxidative stress response, was increased by GSH depletion. We conclude that the main function of endogenous GSH is not to limit inflammation but to fine-tune the innate immune response to infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Checconi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS, San Raffaele Pisana, Telematic University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Coppo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arne Holmgren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kahina Abbas
- LCBPT, UMR 8601 CNRS-Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Peyrot
- LCBPT, UMR 8601 CNRS-Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,ESPE of Paris, Paris Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | | | - Pietro Ghezzi
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Liu M, Chen F, Liu T, Chen F, Liu S, Yang J. The role of oxidative stress in influenza virus infection. Microbes Infect 2017; 19:580-586. [PMID: 28918004 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Virus-induced oxidative stress plays an important role in the regulation of the host immune system. In this review, we provide backgrounds of the pathogenic mechanism of oxidative stress induced by influenza virus and the specific oxidant-sensitive pathways, and highlight that antioxidant is one of the effective strategies against influenza virus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fangzhao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Teng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Feimin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Fraternale A, Brundu S, Magnani M. Glutathione and glutathione derivatives in immunotherapy. Biol Chem 2017; 398:261-275. [PMID: 27514076 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Reduced glutathione (GSH) is the most prevalent non-protein thiol in animal cells. Its de novo and salvage synthesis serves to maintain a reduced cellular environment, which is important for several cellular functions. Altered intracellular GSH levels are observed in a wide range of pathologies, including several viral infections, as well as in aging, all of which are also characterized by an unbalanced Th1/Th2 immune response. A central role in influencing the immune response has been ascribed to GSH. Specifically, GSH depletion in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) correlates with altered antigen processing and reduced secretion of Th1 cytokines. Conversely, an increase in intracellular GSH content stimulates IL-12 and/or IL-27, which in turn induces differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells to Th1 cells. In addition, GSH has been shown to inhibit the replication/survival of several pathogens, i.e. viruses and bacteria. Hence, molecules able to increase GSH levels have been proposed as new tools to more effectively hinder different pathogens by acting as both immunomodulators and antimicrobials. Herein, the new role of GSH and its derivatives as immunotherapeutics will be discussed.
Collapse
|
46
|
Rahmasari R, Haruyama T, Charyasriwong S, Nishida T, Kobayashi N. Antiviral Activity of Aspalathus linearis against Human Influenza Virus. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses are responsible for annual epidemics and occasional pandemics, which cause significant morbidity and mortality. The limited protection offered by influenza vaccination, and the emergence of drug-resistant influenza strains, highlight the urgent need for the development of novel anti-influenza drugs. However, the search for antiviral substances from the library of low molecular weight chemical compounds is limited. Thus, because of their natural diversity and accessibility, plants or plant-derived materials are rapidly becoming valuable sources for the discovery and development of new antiviral drugs. In this study, crude extracts of Aspalathus linearis, a plant reported to have anti-HIV activity, were evaluated in vitro for their activity against the influenza A virus. Of the extracts tested, an alkaline extract of Aspalathus linearis demonstrated the strongest inhibition against influenza A virus and could also inhibit different types of influenza viruses, including Oseltamivir-resistant influenza viruses A and B. Our time course of addition studies indicated that the alkaline extract of Aspalathus linearis exerts its antiviral effect predominantly during the late stages of the influenza virus replication process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ratika Rahmasari
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Agents, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Takahiro Haruyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Agents, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
- Central Research Center, AVSS Corporation, 1-22 Wakaba-machi, Nagasaki 852-8137, Japan
| | - Siriwan Charyasriwong
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Agents, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nishida
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Agents, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Agents, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
- Central Research Center, AVSS Corporation, 1-22 Wakaba-machi, Nagasaki 852-8137, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Awogbindin IO, Olaleye DO, Farombi EO. Mechanistic perspective of the oxido-immunopathologic resolution property of kolaviron in mice influenza pneumonitis. APMIS 2017; 125:184-196. [PMID: 28116826 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Implicated in influenza-associated pathology are innate defence overzealousness and unabated secretion of oxidative tissue-sensitive antimicrobial agents. At different time points, mice were pre-treated with kolaviron (400 mg/kg), a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, and subsequently challenged with 2 LD50 influenza A/H3N2/Perth/16/09 virus. After euthanasia at day 6, blood, lungs, liver and spleen were collected and processed for biochemical, immunohistochemical and flow cytometric assessment of redo-inflammatory imbalance, cytokine storm indices and T helper 1 host response. Previously kolaviron was reported to delay mortality onset, improve morbidity and attenuate myeloperoxidase activity and nitric oxide production with minimal impact on viral clearance. This study additionally confirmed nitric oxide, but not hydrogen peroxide, as the major culprit implicated in influenza virus-induced oxido-pathology. Systemic effect of the sustained inflammation and nitrosative stress was more prominent in the spleen and lung than in the liver of mice infected with A/H3N2/Perth/16/09. Influential to immunopathology was heightened pulmonary expression of IL-1β, RANTES, IL-10, MCP-1, NF-κB, iNOS and COX-2. However, kolaviron combated the influenza-established nitrative stress, reversed the elicited cytokine storm and restored the oxidized environment to a reductive milieu. Our data also suggest that kolaviron administration early in infection may foster CD4+ response. These data indicate that kolaviron may confer disease-dwindling properties during acute influenza infection via a system-wide protective approach involving multiple targets especially at the early stage of the infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David O Olaleye
- Department of Virology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Galabov AS, Mileva M, Simeonova L, Gegova G. Combination activity of neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir and α-tocopherol in influenza virus A (H3N2) infection in mice. Antivir Chem Chemother 2016; 24:83-91. [PMID: 27341844 DOI: 10.1177/2040206616656263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza is a highly contagious viral infection of the respiratory system. To attack two processes involved in flu pathogenesis-viral replication in the infected body and oxidative damages, we studied the combination effect of neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir and antioxidant α-tocopherol in experimental model of influenza. METHODS After inoculation of albino mice with 10 MLD50 (50% mouse lethal dose) of influenza virus A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2), oseltamivir was applied orally at three doses, 2.5 mg/kg, 1.25 mg/kg, and 0.625 mg/kg, for five days post infection. α-Tocopherol (120 mg/kg, in sunflower oil) was administered intraperitoneally. Three schemes of α-tocopherol five-day course were tested: onset five or two days before infection, or on the virus inoculation day. RESULTS Strongly dose-dependent augmented antiviral effect of the combination α-tocopherol and 0.625 mg/kg oseltamivir was demonstrated when α-tocopherol was administered simultaneously with oseltamivir: a pronounced decrease in mortality rate (a 78% protection), and a lengthening of mean survival time by 3.2-4 days. Lung parameters showed a substantial decrease in infectious virus content (Δ logs = 3.8/4.1) and a marked diminishment of lung index and pathology. Combination α-tocopherol with 1.25 mg/kg oseltamivir manifested a marked protective effect, but the effect on lung parameters was less. The combination effect of α-tocopherol with 2.5 mg/kg oseltamivir did not surpass the monotherapeutic effect of oseltamivir. When α-tocopherol was applied in courses starting five or two days before infection, its combination with oseltamivir was ineffective. CONCLUSIONS Evidently, α-tocopherol could be considered as prospective component of influenza therapy in combination with oseltamivir.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angel S Galabov
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milka Mileva
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lora Simeonova
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Galina Gegova
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Olagnier D, Amatore D, Castiello L, Ferrari M, Palermo E, Diamond MS, Palamara AT, Hiscott J. Dengue Virus Immunopathogenesis: Lessons Applicable to the Emergence of Zika Virus. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:3429-48. [PMID: 27130436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is the leading mosquito-transmitted viral infection in the world. There are more than 390 million new infections annually; while the majority of infected individuals are asymptomatic or develop a self-limited dengue fever, up to 1 million clinical cases develop severe manifestations, including dengue hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome, resulting in ~25,000 deaths annually, mainly in children. Gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to dengue infection and immunopathogenesis have hampered the development of vaccines and antiviral agents. Some of these limitations are highlighted by the explosive re-emergence of another arthropod-borne flavivirus-Zika virus-spread by the same vector, the Aedes aegypti mosquito, that also carries dengue, yellow fever and chikungunya viruses. This review will discuss the early virus-host interactions in dengue infection, with emphasis on the interrelationship between oxidative stress and innate immune pathways, and will provide insight as to how lessons learned from dengue research may expedite therapeutic strategies for Zika virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Olagnier
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University Montreal, Canada
| | - Donatella Amatore
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Ferrari
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Palermo
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology & Immunology, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - John Hiscott
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Redox Imbalance and Viral Infections in Neurodegenerative Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:6547248. [PMID: 27110325 PMCID: PMC4826696 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6547248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential molecules for many physiological functions and act as second messengers in a large variety of tissues. An imbalance in the production and elimination of ROS is associated with human diseases including neurodegenerative disorders. In the last years the notion that neurodegenerative diseases are accompanied by chronic viral infections, which may result in an increase of neurodegenerative diseases progression, emerged. It is known in literature that enhanced viral infection risk, observed during neurodegeneration, is partly due to the increase of ROS accumulation in brain cells. However, the molecular mechanisms of viral infection, occurring during the progression of neurodegeneration, remain unclear. In this review, we discuss the recent knowledge regarding the role of influenza, herpes simplex virus type-1, and retroviruses infection in ROS/RNS-mediated Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
Collapse
|