1
|
Sun X, Sun B, Sammani S, Dudek SM, Belvitch P, Camp SM, Zhang D, Bime C, Garcia JGN. Genetic and epigenetic regulation of cortactin (CTTN) by inflammatory factors and mechanical stress in human lung endothelial cells. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20231934. [PMID: 39162263 PMCID: PMC11405783 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Cortactin, an actin-binding cytoskeletal protein, plays a crucial role in maintaining endothelial cell (EC) barrier integrity and regulating vascular permeability. The gene encoding cortactin, CTTN, is implicated in various lung inflammatory disorders. Despite this, the transcriptional regulation of CTTN by inflammatory stimuli and promoter SNPs remains unexplored. METHODS We transfected human lung ECs with a full-length CTTN promoters linked to a luciferase reporter to measure promoter activity. SNP-containing CTTN promoter was created via site-directed mutagenesis. Transfected ECs were exposed to LPS (PAMP), TNF-α (cytokine), cyclic stretch (CS), FG-4592 (HIF-inducer), NRF2 (anti-oxidant modulator), FTY-(S)-phosphate (endothelial barrier enhancer), and 5'-Aza (demethylation inducer). Immunohistochemistry was used to assess cortactin expression in mouse lungs exposed to LPS. RESULTS LPS, TNF-α, and 18%CS significantly increased CTTN promoter activities in a time-dependent manner (P<0.05). The variant rs34612166 (-212T/C) markedly enhanced LPS- and 18%CS- induced CTTN promoter activities (P<0.05). FG-4592 significantly boosted CTTN promoter activities (P<0.01), which were partially inhibited by HIF1α (KC7F2) and HIF2α (PT2385) inhibitors (P<0.05). NRF2 activator Bixin increased CTTN promoter activities, whereas NRF2 inhibitor Brusatol reduced them (P<0.05). 5'-Aza increased CTTN promoter activities by 2.9-fold (P<0.05). NF-κB response element mutations significantly reduced CTTN promoter activities response to LPS and TNFα. FTY-(S)-phosphate significantly increased CTTN promoter activities in 24 h. In vivo, cortactin levels were significantly elevated in inflammatory mouse lungs exposed to LPS for 18 h. CONCLUSION CTTN transcriptional is significantly influenced by inflammatory factors and promoter variants. Cortactin, essential in mitigating inflammatory edema, presents a promising therapeutic target to alleviate severe inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, U.S.A
| | - Belinda Sun
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, U.S.A
| | - Saad Sammani
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, U.S.A
| | - Steven M Dudek
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago IL, U.S.A
| | - Patrick Belvitch
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago IL, U.S.A
| | - Sara M Camp
- University of Florida, UF Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, U.S.A
| | - Donna Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, U.S.A
| | - Christian Bime
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, U.S.A
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, U.S.A
- University of Florida, UF Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wisniewski AM, Chancellor WZ, Young A, Money D, Beller JP, Charlton J, Lunardi N, Yang Z, Laubach VE, Mehaffey JH, Kron IL, Roeser ME. Adenosine 2A Receptor Agonism Improves Survival in Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. J Surg Res 2024; 301:404-412. [PMID: 39029264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite resuscitation advances including extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR), freedom from neurologic and myocardial insult after cardiac arrest remains unlikely. We hypothesized that adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR) agonism, which attenuates reperfusion injury, would improve outcomes in a porcine model of ECPR. METHODS Adult swine underwent 20 min of circulatory arrest followed by defibrillation and 6 h of ECPR. Animals were randomized to receive saline vehicle or A2AR agonist (ATL1223 or Regadenoson) infusion during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Animals were weaned off extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and monitored for 24 h. Clinical and biochemical end points were compared. RESULTS The administration of A2AR agonists increased survival (P = 0.01) after cardiac arrest compared to vehicle. Markers of neurologic damage including S100 calcium binding protein B and glial fibrillary acidic protein were significantly lower with A2AR agonist treatment. CONCLUSIONS In a model of cardiac arrest treated with ECPR, A2AR agonism increased survival at 24 h and reduced neurologic damage suggesting A2AR activation may be a promising therapeutic target after cardiac arrest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Wisniewski
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - William Z Chancellor
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Andrew Young
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Dustin Money
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jared P Beller
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jennifer Charlton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Nadia Lunardi
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Zequan Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Victor E Laubach
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - J Hunter Mehaffey
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Irving L Kron
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Mark E Roeser
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu W, Hong Y, Tong Z, He X, Li Y, Wang H, Gao X, Song P, Zhang X, Wu X, Tan Z, Huang W, Liu Z, Bao Y, Ma J, Zheng N, Xie C, Ke X, Zhou W, Jia W, Li M, Zhong J, Sheng L, Li H. Activation of hepatic adenosine A1 receptor ameliorates MASH via inhibiting SREBPs maturation. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101477. [PMID: 38508143 PMCID: PMC10983109 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic (dysfunction)-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is the advanced stage of metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) lacking approved clinical drugs. Adenosine A1 receptor (A1R), belonging to the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) superfamily, is mainly distributed in the central nervous system and major peripheral organs with wide-ranging physiological functions; however, the exact role of hepatic A1R in MAFLD remains unclear. Here, we report that liver-specific depletion of A1R aggravates while overexpression attenuates diet-induced metabolic-associated fatty liver (MAFL)/MASH in mice. Mechanistically, activation of hepatic A1R promotes the competitive binding of sterol-regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) to sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1), rather than protein kinase A (PKA) leading to SCAP degradation in lysosomes. Reduced SCAP hinders SREBP1c/2 maturation and thus suppresses de novo lipogenesis and inflammation. Higher hepatic A1R expression is observed in patients with MAFL/MASH and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, which is supposed to be a physiologically adaptive response because A1R agonists attenuate MAFL/MASH in an A1R-dependent manner. These results highlight that hepatic A1R is a potential target for MAFL/MASH therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weize Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhaowei Tong
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine Research and Translation for Infectious Diseases, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Xiaofang He
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinxin Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Pengtao Song
- Department of Pathology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Xianshan Zhang
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine Research and Translation for Infectious Diseases, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Xiaochang Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Zhenhua Tan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Wenjin Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zekun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yiyang Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Junli Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ningning Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cen Xie
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xisong Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wei Jia
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Mingxiao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jing Zhong
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine Research and Translation for Infectious Diseases, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China.
| | - Lili Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Houkai Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yuan X, Ruan W, Bobrow B, Carmeliet P, Eltzschig HK. Targeting hypoxia-inducible factors: therapeutic opportunities and challenges. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024; 23:175-200. [PMID: 38123660 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00848-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are highly conserved transcription factors that are crucial for adaptation of metazoans to limited oxygen availability. Recently, HIF activation and inhibition have emerged as therapeutic targets in various human diseases. Pharmacologically desirable effects of HIF activation include erythropoiesis stimulation, cellular metabolism optimization during hypoxia and adaptive responses during ischaemia and inflammation. By contrast, HIF inhibition has been explored as a therapy for various cancers, retinal neovascularization and pulmonary hypertension. This Review discusses the biochemical mechanisms that control HIF stabilization and the molecular strategies that can be exploited pharmacologically to activate or inhibit HIFs. In addition, we examine medical conditions that benefit from targeting HIFs, the potential side effects of HIF activation or inhibition and future challenges in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Wei Ruan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bentley Bobrow
- Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Vascular Heterogeneity, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Figarella K, Kim J, Ruan W, Mills T, Eltzschig HK, Yuan X. Hypoxia-adenosine axis as therapeutic targets for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1328565. [PMID: 38312838 PMCID: PMC10835146 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1328565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The human respiratory and circulatory systems collaborate intricately to ensure oxygen delivery to all cells, which is vital for ATP production and maintaining physiological functions and structures. During limited oxygen availability, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are stabilized and play a fundamental role in maintaining cellular processes for hypoxia adaptation. First discovered during investigations of erythropoietin production regulation, HIFs influence physiological and pathological processes, including development, inflammation, wound healing, and cancer. HIFs promote extracellular adenosine signaling by enhancing adenosine generation and receptor signaling, representing an endogenous feedback mechanism that curbs excessive inflammation, supports injury resolution, and enhances hypoxia tolerance. This is especially important for conditions that involve tissue hypoxia, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which globally poses significant health challenges without specific treatment options. Consequently, pharmacological strategies to amplify HIF-mediated adenosine production and receptor signaling are of great importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Figarella
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wei Ruan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tingting Mills
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Holger Klaus Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Suarez R, Villarreal C, Nahuelpán Y, Jara C, Oyarzún C, Alarcón S, Díaz-Encarnación MM, Guillén-Gómez E, Quezada C, San Martín R. Defective insulin-stimulated equilibrative nucleoside transporter-2 activity and altered subcellular transporter distribution drive the loss of adenosine homeostasis in diabetic kidney disease progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166890. [PMID: 37734469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM Progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is linked to the dysregulated increase of adenosine and altered signaling properties. A major contribution to the maintenance of physiological extracellular adenosine levels relies on cellular uptake activity through plasma membrane nucleoside transporters. Because kidney cells are responsive to insulin, this study aims to determine how DN affects insulin regulation of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter-2 (ENT2). METHODS Human Podocytes and rat glomeruli were used to study ENT2 regulation. The effects of diabetes and insulin on ENT2 mediated transport activity were determined measuring the fraction of total adenosine uptake in sodium-free medium which is inhibitable by hypoxanthine. Alterations in ENT2 subcellular distribution were assessed in the kidney of people affected with DN and diabetic rats. The consequences of impaired ENT2 activity on the kidney were evaluated using dipyridamole in an animal model. RESULTS Insulin upregulates ENT2 uptake activity by increasing the Vmax, thus counteracting decreased adenosine uptake due to high d-glucose and achieving extracellular adenosine homeostasis. Insulin promoted ENT2 translocation to the plasma membrane dependent on PI3-kinase/Akt signaling and actin cytoskeleton integrity. However, in diabetic rats, the insulin-mediated induction of ENT2 activity was lost. Additionally, reduced Akt activation in response to insulin correlated with decreased ENT2 distribution at the plasma membrane. Kidney tissues from diabetic rats and human DN biopsies showed ENT2 redistribution to an intracellular pattern, evidencing dysfunctional adenosine uptake. Through ENT inhibition, we evidenced increased proteinuria and induced alpha-smooth muscle actin as a result of profibrotic activation of cells in the kidney. CONCLUSION Deficient insulin regulation of ENT2 activity contributes to chronically high adenosine levels and glomerular alterations that underline diabetic kidney disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raibel Suarez
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carolina Villarreal
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Yessica Nahuelpán
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudia Jara
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carlos Oyarzún
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Sebastián Alarcón
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Montserrat M Díaz-Encarnación
- Nephrology Service Fundació Puigvert, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Guillén-Gómez
- Nephrology Service Fundació Puigvert, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Quezada
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rody San Martín
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tran TT, Eltzschig HK, Yuan X. Therapeutic targeting of hypoxia inducible factor in acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Physiol 2023:10.1113/JP284599. [PMID: 38031820 PMCID: PMC11136894 DOI: 10.1113/jp284599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by bilateral chest infiltration and acute hypoxic respiratory failure. ARDS carries significant morbidity and mortality despite advancements in medical management, calling for the development of novel therapeutic targets. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a heterodimeric protein involved in various essential pathways, including metabolic reprogramming, immune modulation, angiogenesis and cell cycle regulation. HIF is routinely degraded in homeostasis conditions via the prolyl hydroxylase domain/von Hippel-Lindau protein pathway. However, HIF is stabilized in ARDS via various mechanisms (oxygen-dependent and independent) as an endogenous protective pathway and plays multifaceted roles in different cell populations. This review focuses on the functional role of HIF and its target genes during ARDS, as well as how HIF has evolved as a therapeutic target in current medical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thu T Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hau RK, Wright SH, Cherrington NJ. Addressing the Clinical Importance of Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporters in Drug Discovery and Development. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2023; 114:780-794. [PMID: 37404197 PMCID: PMC11347013 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), European Medicines Agency (EMA), and Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) guidances on small-molecule drug-drug interactions (DDIs), with input from the International Transporter Consortium (ITC), recommend the evaluation of nine drug transporters. Although other clinically relevant drug uptake and efflux transporters have been discussed in ITC white papers, they have been excluded from further recommendation by the ITC and are not included in current regulatory guidances. These include the ubiquitously expressed equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENT) 1 and ENT2, which have been recognized by the ITC for their potential role in clinically relevant nucleoside analog drug interactions for patients with cancer. Although there is comparatively limited clinical evidence supporting their role in DDI risk or other adverse drug reactions (ADRs) compared with the nine highlighted transporters, several in vitro and in vivo studies have identified ENT interactions with non-nucleoside/non-nucleotide drugs, in addition to nucleoside/nucleotide analogs. Some noteworthy examples of compounds that interact with ENTs include cannabidiol and selected protein kinase inhibitors, as well as the nucleoside analogs remdesivir, EIDD-1931, gemcitabine, and fialuridine. Consequently, DDIs involving the ENTs may be responsible for therapeutic inefficacy or off-target toxicity. Evidence suggests that ENT1 and ENT2 should be considered as transporters potentially involved in clinically relevant DDIs and ADRs, thereby warranting further investigation and regulatory consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond K Hau
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Stephen H Wright
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Nathan J Cherrington
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xiao C, Gavrilova O, Liu N, Lewicki SA, Reitman ML, Jacobson KA. In vivo phenotypic validation of adenosine receptor-dependent activity of non-adenosine drugs. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:551-564. [PMID: 36781825 PMCID: PMC10539256 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Some non-adenosinergic drugs are reported to also act through adenosine receptors (ARs). We used mouse hypothermia, which can be induced by agonism at any of the four ARs, as an in vivo screen for adenosinergic effects. An AR contribution was identified when a drug caused hypothermia in wild type mice that was diminished in mice lacking all four ARs (quadruple knockout, QKO). Alternatively, an adenosinergic effect was identified if a drug potentiated adenosine-induced hypothermia. Four drugs (dipyridamole, nimodipine, cilostazol, cyclosporin A) increased the hypothermia caused by adenosine. Dipyridamole and nimodipine probably achieved this by inhibition of adenosine clearance via ENT1. Two drugs (cannabidiol, canrenoate) did not cause hypothermia in wild type mice. Four other drugs (nifedipine, ranolazine, ketamine, ethanol) caused hypothermia, but the hypothermia was unchanged in QKO mice indicating non-adenosinergic mechanisms. Zinc chloride caused hypothermia and hypoactivity; the hypoactivity was blunted in the QKO mice. Interestingly, the antidepressant amitriptyline caused hypothermia in wild type mice that was amplified in the QKO mice. Thus, we have identified adenosine-related effects for some drugs, while other candidates do not affect adenosine signaling by this in vivo assay. The adenosine-modulating drugs could be considered for repurposing based on predicted effects on AR activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuiying Xiao
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0810, USA
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0810, USA
| | - Naili Liu
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0810, USA
| | - Sarah A Lewicki
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0810, USA
| | - Marc L Reitman
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0810, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0810, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ruan W, Li J, Choi S, Ma X, Liang Y, Nair R, Yuan X, Mills TW, Eltzschig HK. Targeting myocardial equilibrative nucleoside transporter ENT1 provides cardioprotection by enhancing myeloid Adora2b signaling. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e166011. [PMID: 37288658 PMCID: PMC10393224 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.166011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies implicate extracellular adenosine signaling in attenuating myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI). This extracellular adenosine signaling is terminated by its uptake into cells by equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs). Thus, we hypothesized that targeting ENTs would function to increase cardiac adenosine signaling and concomitant cardioprotection against IRI. Mice were exposed to myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. Myocardial injury was attenuated in mice treated with the nonspecific ENT inhibitor dipyridamole. A comparison of mice with global Ent1 or Ent2 deletion showed cardioprotection only in Ent1-/- mice. Moreover, studies with tissue-specific Ent deletion revealed that mice with myocyte-specific Ent1 deletion (Ent1loxP/loxP Myosin Cre+ mice) experienced smaller infarct sizes. Measurements of cardiac adenosine levels demonstrated that postischemic elevations of adenosine persisted during reperfusion after targeting ENTs. Finally, studies in mice with global or myeloid-specific deletion of the Adora2b adenosine receptor (Adora2bloxP/loxP LysM Cre+ mice) implied that Adora2b signaling on myeloid-inflammatory cells in cardioprotection provided by ENT inhibition. These studies reveal a previously unrecognized role for myocyte-specific ENT1 in cardioprotection by enhancing myeloid-dependent Adora2b signaling during reperfusion. Extension of these findings implicates adenosine transporter inhibitors in cardioprotection against ischemia and reperfusion injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ruan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiwen Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Seungwon Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xinxin Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yafen Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ragini Nair
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tingting W. Mills
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hsieh Y, Tsai T, Huang S, Heng J, Huang Y, Tsai P, Tu C, Chao T, Tsai Y, Chang P, Lee C, Yu G, Chang S, Dzhagalov IL, Hsu C. IFN-stimulated metabolite transporter ENT3 facilitates viral genome release. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e55286. [PMID: 36652307 PMCID: PMC9986816 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing amount of evidence emphasizes the role of metabolic reprogramming in immune cells to fight infections. However, little is known about the regulation of metabolite transporters that facilitate and support metabolic demands. In this study, we found that the expression of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 3 (ENT3, encoded by solute carrier family 29 member 3, Slc29a3) is part of the innate immune response, which is rapidly upregulated upon pathogen invasion. The transcription of Slc29a3 is directly regulated by type I interferon-induced signaling, demonstrating that this metabolite transporter is an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG). Suprisingly, we unveil that several viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, require ENT3 to facilitate their entry into the cytoplasm. The removal or suppression of Slc29a3 expression is sufficient to significantly decrease viral replication in vitro and in vivo. Our study reveals that ENT3 is a pro-viral ISG co-opted by some viruses to gain a survival advantage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Ting Hsieh
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Tsung‐Lin Tsai
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Shen‐Yan Huang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Jian‐Wen Heng
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Chia Huang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Pei‐Yuan Tsai
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chia‐Chun Tu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | | | - Ya‐Min Tsai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical BiotechnologyNational Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Pei‐Ching Chang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chien‐Kuo Lee
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Guann‐Yi Yu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research InstitutesMiaoliTaiwan
| | - Sui‐Yuan Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical BiotechnologyNational Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Laboratory MedicineNational Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ivan L. Dzhagalov
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chia‐Lin Hsu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Guo Q, Li X, Li W, Wang R, Zhao A, Wang Z. A Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of the Protective Effects of Roxadustat Against Hypoxic Injury at High Altitude. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:75-85. [PMID: 36686057 PMCID: PMC9851060 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s390975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate roxadustat's preventive effects on hypoxia damage in the quick ascent to high altitude. Methods The roxadustat (7.8 mg/kg, 15.6 mg/kg, and 31.2 mg/kg) and control groups of BALB/C mice were distributed at random. To evaluate roxadustat's anti-hypoxic effectiveness at the recommended dose, an atmospheric pressure closed hypoxic experiment was used. Wistar rats were randomly assigned to groups that received normal oxygen, hypoxic, acetazolamide, or roxadustat in order to evaluate the protective effects against hypoxic damage. Animal blood was obtained for arterial blood-gas analysis, inflammatory factors, and the identification of oxidative stress indicators. Animal tissues were removed for pathological investigation. Results In each group, the mice's survival time was noticeably extended compared to the normal oxygen group. The medium dose had the best time extension rate at 19.05%. Blood SatO2 and PaO2 were significantly higher in the roxadustat group compared to the hypoxic group. Erythrocyte content, hemoglobin content, and hematocrit were also significantly higher. Plasma levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were also significantly lower in the roxadustat group. Roxadustat can also improve the level of oxidative stress in the tissues of hypoxic rats. According to the results of HE staining, roxadustat could greatly lessen the harm done to rat heart, brain, lung, liver, and kidney tissue as a result of hypoxia. Conclusion Roxadustat can greatly reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, and tissue damage brought on by hypoxia, showing that it can significantly enhance the body's ability to adapt to high altitude exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Guo
- Pharmacy of the 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China,School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Li
- Pharmacy of the 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Pharmacy of the 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Wenbin Li, Key Laboratory of the Plateau of the Environmental Damage Control, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou, 730050, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-931 8994654, Fax +86-931 2662722, Email ;
| | - Rong Wang
- Pharmacy of the 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anpeng Zhao
- Pharmacy of the 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Pharmacy of the 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China,School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pasquini S, Contri C, Cappello M, Borea PA, Varani K, Vincenzi F. Update on the recent development of allosteric modulators for adenosine receptors and their therapeutic applications. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1030895. [PMID: 36278183 PMCID: PMC9581118 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1030895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine receptors (ARs) have been identified as promising therapeutic targets for countless pathological conditions, spanning from inflammatory diseases to central nervous system disorders, from cancer to metabolic diseases, from cardiovascular pathologies to respiratory diseases, and beyond. This extraordinary therapeutic potential is mainly due to the plurality of pathophysiological actions of adenosine and the ubiquitous expression of its receptors. This is, however, a double-edged sword that makes the clinical development of effective ligands with tolerable side effects difficult. Evidence of this is the low number of AR agonists or antagonists that have reached the market. An alternative approach is to target allosteric sites via allosteric modulators, compounds endowed with several advantages over orthosteric ligands. In addition to the typical advantages of allosteric modulators, those acting on ARs could benefit from the fact that adenosine levels are elevated in pathological tissues, thus potentially having negligible effects on normal tissues where adenosine levels are maintained low. Several A1 and various A3AR allosteric modulators have been identified so far, and some of them have been validated in different preclinical settings, achieving promising results. Less fruitful, instead, has been the discovery of A2A and A2BAR allosteric modulators, although the results obtained up to now are encouraging. Collectively, data in the literature suggests that allosteric modulators of ARs could represent valuable pharmacological tools, potentially able to overcome the limitations of orthosteric ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pasquini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Contri
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Cappello
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Katia Varani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- *Correspondence: Katia Varani,
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Al-kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Elekhnawy E, Batiha GES. Dipyridamole and adenosinergic pathway in Covid-19: a juice or holy grail. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022; 23:140. [PMID: 37521831 PMCID: PMC9510284 DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an infectious worldwide pandemic triggered by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This pandemic disease can lead to pro-inflammatory activation with associated acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Main body of the abstract SARS-CoV-2 infection is linked with inhibition of adenosine and activation of phosphodiesterase. Dipyridamole (DIP) is a nucleoside transport and phosphodiesterase inhibitor so that it may potentially affect SARS-CoV-2 infection and its accompanying inflammations. Therefore, the primary objective of this mini-review study was to elucidate the potential beneficial impacts of DIP on the adenosinergic pathway in Covid-19. A systemic search was done using online databases with relevant keywords. The findings of the present study illustrated that DIP directly or indirectly, through augmentation of adenosine and inhibition of phosphodiesterase, mitigates Covid-19 outcomes. Conclusion Our study concluded that DIP has a potential therapeutic effect in the management and treatment of Covid-19. This could be attained either directly, through anti-SARS-CoV-2, anti-inflammatory, and anti-platelets properties, or indirectly, through augmentation of extracellular adenosine, which has anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory effects. However, extensive randomized clinical trials, and clinical and prospective research in this area are required to demonstrate the safety and therapeutic efficacy of DIP and adenosine modulators in the treatment of Covid-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M. Al-kuraishy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 14132 Iraq
| | - Ali I. Al-Gareeb
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 14132 Iraq
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527 Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511 Al Beheira Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wing PAC, Prange-Barczynska M, Cross A, Crotta S, Orbegozo Rubio C, Cheng X, Harris JM, Zhuang X, Johnson RL, Ryan KA, Hall Y, Carroll MW, Issa F, Balfe P, Wack A, Bishop T, Salguero FJ, McKeating JA. Hypoxia inducible factors regulate infectious SARS-CoV-2, epithelial damage and respiratory symptoms in a hamster COVID-19 model. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010807. [PMID: 36067210 PMCID: PMC9481176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the host pathways that define susceptibility to Severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and disease are essential for the design of new therapies. Oxygen levels in the microenvironment define the transcriptional landscape, however the influence of hypoxia on virus replication and disease in animal models is not well understood. In this study, we identify a role for the hypoxic inducible factor (HIF) signalling axis to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection, epithelial damage and respiratory symptoms in the Syrian hamster model. Pharmacological activation of HIF with the prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor FG-4592 significantly reduced infectious virus in the upper and lower respiratory tract. Nasal and lung epithelia showed a reduction in SARS-CoV-2 RNA and nucleocapsid expression in treated animals. Transcriptomic and pathological analysis showed reduced epithelial damage and increased expression of ciliated cells. Our study provides new insights on the intrinsic antiviral properties of the HIF signalling pathway in SARS-CoV-2 replication that may be applicable to other respiratory pathogens and identifies new therapeutic opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. C. Wing
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Prange-Barczynska
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Ludwig institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Cross
- Radcliffe Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stefania Crotta
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Xiaotong Cheng
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Ludwig institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James M. Harris
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel L. Johnson
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn A. Ryan
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Yper Hall
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Miles W. Carroll
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fadi Issa
- Radcliffe Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Balfe
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Wack
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tammie Bishop
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Ludwig institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco J. Salguero
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Jane A. McKeating
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ruan W, Ma X, Bang IH, Liang Y, Muehlschlegel JD, Tsai KL, Mills TW, Yuan X, Eltzschig HK. The Hypoxia-Adenosine Link during Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1939. [PMID: 36009485 PMCID: PMC9405579 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite increasing availability and more successful interventional approaches to restore coronary reperfusion, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. During myocardial ischemia, the myocardium becomes profoundly hypoxic, thus causing stabilization of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIF). Stabilization of HIF leads to a transcriptional program that promotes adaptation to hypoxia and cellular survival. Transcriptional consequences of HIF stabilization include increases in extracellular production and signaling effects of adenosine. Extracellular adenosine functions as a signaling molecule via the activation of adenosine receptors. Several studies implicated adenosine signaling in cardioprotection, particularly through the activation of the Adora2a and Adora2b receptors. Adenosine receptor activation can lead to metabolic adaptation to enhance ischemia tolerance or dampen myocardial reperfusion injury via signaling events on immune cells. Many studies highlight that clinical strategies to target the hypoxia-adenosine link could be considered for clinical trials. This could be achieved by using pharmacologic HIF activators or by directly enhancing extracellular adenosine production or signaling as a therapy for patients with acute myocardial infarction, or undergoing cardiac surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ruan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xinxin Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - In Hyuk Bang
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yafen Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jochen Daniel Muehlschlegel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kuang-Lei Tsai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tingting W. Mills
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shivshankar P, Karmouty-Quintana H, Mills T, Doursout MF, Wang Y, Czopik AK, Evans SE, Eltzschig HK, Yuan X. SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Host Response, Immunity, and Therapeutic Targets. Inflammation 2022; 45:1430-1449. [PMID: 35320469 PMCID: PMC8940980 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01656-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has resulted in a global pandemic with severe socioeconomic effects. Immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and organ failure. Binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) on bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells triggers host inflammatory pathways that lead to pathophysiological changes. Proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferon (IFN) signaling in alveolar epithelial cells counter barrier disruption, modulate host innate immune response to induce chemotaxis, and initiate the resolution of inflammation. Here, we discuss experimental models to study SARS-CoV-2 infection, molecular pathways involved in SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammation, and viral hijacking of anti-inflammatory pathways, such as delayed type-I IFN response. Mechanisms of alveolar adaptation to hypoxia, adenosinergic signaling, and regulatory microRNAs are discussed as potential therapeutic targets for COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Shivshankar
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Critical Care, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tingting Mills
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Marie-Francoise Doursout
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yanyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Agnieszka K Czopik
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Scott E Evans
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yuan X, Mills T, Doursout MF, Evans SE, Vidal Melo MF, Eltzschig HK. Alternative adenosine Receptor activation: The netrin-Adora2b link. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:944994. [PMID: 35910389 PMCID: PMC9334855 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.944994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During hypoxia or inflammation, extracellular adenosine levels are elevated. Studies using pharmacologic approaches or genetic animal models pertinent to extracellular adenosine signaling implicate this pathway in attenuating hypoxia-associated inflammation. There are four distinct adenosine receptors. Of these, it is not surprising that the Adora2b adenosine receptor functions as an endogenous feedback loop to control hypoxia-associated inflammation. First, Adora2b activation requires higher adenosine concentrations compared to other adenosine receptors, similar to those achieved during hypoxic inflammation. Second, Adora2b is transcriptionally induced during hypoxia or inflammation by hypoxia-inducible transcription factor HIF1A. Studies seeking an alternative adenosine receptor activation mechanism have linked netrin-1 with Adora2b. Netrin-1 was originally discovered as a neuronal guidance molecule but also functions as an immune-modulatory signaling molecule. Similar to Adora2b, netrin-1 is induced by HIF1A, and has been shown to enhance Adora2b signaling. Studies of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), intestinal inflammation, myocardial or hepatic ischemia and reperfusion implicate the netrin-Adora2b link in tissue protection. In this review, we will discuss the potential molecular linkage between netrin-1 and Adora2b, and explore studies demonstrating interactions between netrin-1 and Adora2b in attenuating tissue inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tingting Mills
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Marie-Francoise Doursout
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Scott E. Evans
- Department of Pulmonology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhou W, Yu T, Hua Y, Hou Y, Ding Y, Nie H. Effects of Hypoxia on Respiratory Diseases: Perspective View of Epithelial Ion Transport. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 323:L240-L250. [PMID: 35819839 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00065.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance of gas exchange and lung ventilation is essential for the maintenance of body homeostasis. There are many ion channels and transporters in respiratory epithelial cells, including epithelial sodium channel, Na,K-ATPase, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, and some transporters. These ion channels/transporters maintain the capacity of liquid layer on the surface of respiratory epithelial cells, and provide an immune barrier for the respiratory system to clear off foreign pathogens. However, in some harmful external environment and/or pathological conditions, the respiratory epithelium is prone to hypoxia, which would destroy the ion transport function of the epithelium and unbalance the homeostasis of internal environment, triggering a series of pathological reactions. Many respiratory diseases associated with hypoxia manifest an increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1, which mediates the integrity of the epithelial barrier and affects epithelial ion transport function. It is important to study the relationship between hypoxia and ion transport function, whereas the mechanism of hypoxia-induced ion transport dysfunction in respiratory diseases is not clear. This review focuses on the relationship of hypoxia and respiratory diseases, as well as dysfunction of ion transport and tight junctions in respiratory epithelial cells under hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tong Yu
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Hua
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yapeng Hou
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongguang Nie
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sevoflurane Dampens Acute Pulmonary Inflammation via the Adenosine Receptor A2B and Heme Oxygenase-1. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071094. [PMID: 35406657 PMCID: PMC8997763 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a life-threatening disease associated with high mortality. The adenosine receptor A2B (Adora2b) provides anti-inflammatory effects, which are also associated with the intracellular enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Our study determined the mechanism of sevoflurane’s protective properties and investigated the link between sevoflurane and the impact of a functional Adora2b via HO-1 modulation during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury. We examined the LPS-induced infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) into the lung tissue and protein extravasation in wild-type and Adora2b−/− animals. We generated chimeric animals, to identify the impact of sevoflurane on Adora2b of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. Sevoflurane decreased the LPS-induced PMN-infiltration and diminished the edema formation in wild-type mice. Reduced PMN counts after sevoflurane treatment were detected only in chimeric mice, which expressed Adora2b exclusively on leukocytes. The Adora2b on hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells was required to improve the permeability after sevoflurane inhalation. Further, sevoflurane increased the protective effects of HO-1 modulation on PMN migration and microvascular permeability. These protective effects were abrogated by specific HO-1 inhibition. In conclusion, our data revealed new insights into the protective mechanisms of sevoflurane application during acute pulmonary inflammation and the link between sevoflurane and Adora2b, and HO-1 signaling, respectively.
Collapse
|
21
|
Li R, Mak WWS, Li J, Zheng C, Shiu PHT, Seto SW, Lee SMY, Leung GPH. Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of 4-((4-(2-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-6-imino-N-(naphthalen-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (FPMINT) Analogues as Inhibitors of Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporters. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:837555. [PMID: 35264969 PMCID: PMC8899516 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.837555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs) play a vital role in nucleotide synthesis, regulation of adenosine function and chemotherapy. Current inhibitors of ENTs are mostly ENT1-selective. Our previous study has demonstrated that 4-((4-(2-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-6-imino-N-(naphthalen-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (FPMINT) is a novel inhibitor of ENTs, which is more selective to ENT2 than to ENT1. The present study aimed to screen a series of FPMINT analogues and study their structure-activity relationship. Nucleoside transporter-deficient cells transfected with cloned human ENT1 and ENT2 were used as in vitro models. The results of the [3H]uridine uptake study showed that the replacement of the naphthalene moiety with the benzene moiety could abolish the inhibitory effects on ENT1 and ENT2. The addition of chloride to the meta position of this benzene moiety could restore only the inhibitory effect on ENT1 but had no effect on ENT2. However, the addition of the methyl group to the meta position or the ethyl or oxymethyl group to the para position of this benzene moiety could regain the inhibitory activity on both ENT1 and ENT2. The presence of a halogen substitute, regardless of the position, in the fluorophenyl moiety next to the piperazine ring was essential for the inhibitory effects on ENT1 and ENT2. Among the analogues tested, compound 3c was the most potent inhibitor. Compound 3c reduced V max of [3H]uridine uptake in ENT1 and ENT2 without affecting K m. The inhibitory effect of compound 3c could not be washed out. Compound 3c did not affect cell viability, protein expression and internalization of ENT1 and ENT2. Therefore, similar to FPMINT, compound 3c was an irreversible and non-competitive inhibitor. Molecular docking analysis also showed that the binding site of compound 3c in ENT1 may be different from that of other conventional inhibitors. It is expected that structural modification may further improve its potency and selectivity and lead to the development of useful pharmacological agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renkai Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Winston Wing-Shum Mak
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chengwen Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Polly Ho-Ting Shiu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sai-Wang Seto
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, China
| | - George Pak-Heng Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang S, Zaitoun IS, Darjatmoko SR, Sheibani N, Sorenson CM. Bim Expression Promotes the Clearance of Mononuclear Phagocytes during Choroidal Neovascularization, Mitigating Scar Formation in Mice. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:208. [PMID: 35207495 PMCID: PMC8878746 DOI: 10.3390/life12020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is increasingly recognized as an important modulator in the pathogenesis of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Although significant progress has been made in delineating the pathways that contribute to the recruitment of inflammatory cells and their contribution to nAMD, we know little about what drives the resolution of these inflammatory responses. Gaining a better understanding of how immune cells are cleared in the choroid will give a novel insight into how sustained inflammation could influence the pathogenesis of nAMD. The pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member Bim is a master regulator of immune cell homeostasis. In its absence, immune cell lifespan and numbers increase. Most therapeutic regimes that squelch inflammation do so by enhancing immune cell apoptosis through enhanced Bim expression and activity. To test the hypothesis that Bim expression tempers inflammation during the pathogenesis of nAMD, we used the mouse laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model in which inflammation acts as a facilitator of CNV. Here, we showed minimal to no change in the recruitment of F4/80-, CD80-, CD11b-, and Iba1-positive myeloid-derived mononuclear phagocytes to the site of laser photocoagulation in the absence of Bim expression. However, the resolution of these cells from the choroid of Bim-deficient (Bim -/-) mice was significantly diminished following laser photocoagulation. With time, we noted increased scar formation, demonstrated by collagen I staining, in Bim -/- mice with no change in the resolution of neovascularization compared to wild-type littermates. We also noted that mice lacking Bim expression in mononuclear phagocytes (BimFlox/Flox; Lyz2-Cre (BimMP) mice) had delayed resolution of F4/80-, CD80-, CD11b-, and Iba1-positive cells, while those lacking Bim expression in endothelial cells (BimFlox/Flox; Cad5-Cre (BimEC) mice) had delayed resolution of only CD11b- and Iba1-positive cells. Both BimMP and BimEC mice demonstrated increased scar formation, albeit to differing degrees. Thus, our studies show that resolving inflammation plays an important role in moderating scar formation in nAMD, and it is impacted by Bim expression in both the endothelium and mononuclear phagocyte lineages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoujian Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.W.); (I.S.Z.); (S.R.D.); (N.S.)
| | - Ismail S. Zaitoun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.W.); (I.S.Z.); (S.R.D.); (N.S.)
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Soesiawati R. Darjatmoko
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.W.); (I.S.Z.); (S.R.D.); (N.S.)
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.W.); (I.S.Z.); (S.R.D.); (N.S.)
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Christine M. Sorenson
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Halpin-Veszeleiova K, Hatfield SM. Therapeutic Targeting of Hypoxia-A2-Adenosinergic Pathway in COVID-19 Patients. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022; 37:46-52. [PMID: 34486395 PMCID: PMC8742736 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00010.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypoxia-hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α-A2-adenosinergic pathway protects tissues from inflammatory damage during antipathogen immune responses. The elimination of this physiological tissue-protecting mechanism by supplemental oxygenation may contribute to the high mortality of oxygen-ventilated COVID-19 patients by exacerbating inflammatory lung damage. Restoration of this pathway with hypoxia-adenosinergic drugs may improve outcomes in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Halpin-Veszeleiova
- New England Inflammation and Tissue Protection Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen M Hatfield
- New England Inflammation and Tissue Protection Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ngamsri KC, Putri RA, Jans C, Schindler K, Fuhr A, Zhang Y, Gamper-Tsigaras J, Ehnert S, Konrad FM. CXCR4 and CXCR7 Inhibition Ameliorates the Formation of Platelet-Neutrophil Complexes and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps through Adora2b Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13576. [PMID: 34948374 PMCID: PMC8709064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritonitis and peritonitis-associated sepsis are characterized by an increased formation of platelet-neutrophil complexes (PNCs), which contribute to an excessive migration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) into the inflamed tissue. An important neutrophilic mechanism to capture and kill invading pathogens is the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Formation of PNCs and NETs are essential to eliminate pathogens, but also lead to aggravated tissue damage. The chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 on platelets and PMNs have been shown to play a pivotal role in inflammation. Thereby, CXCR4 and CXCR7 were linked with functional adenosine A2B receptor (Adora2b) signaling. We evaluated the effects of selective CXCR4 and CXCR7 inhibition on PNCs and NETs in zymosan- and fecal-induced sepsis. We determined the formation of PNCs in the blood and, in addition, their infiltration into various organs in wild-type and Adora2b-/- mice by flow cytometry and histological methods. Further, we evaluated NET formation in both mouse lines and the impact of Adora2b signaling on it. We hypothesized that the protective effects of CXCR4 and CXCR7 antagonism on PNC and NET formation are linked with Adora2b signaling. We observed an elevated CXCR4 and CXCR7 expression in circulating platelets and PMNs during acute inflammation. Specific CXCR4 and CXCR7 inhibition reduced PNC formation in the blood, respectively, in the peritoneal, lung, and liver tissue in wild-type mice, while no protective anti-inflammatory effects were observed in Adora2b-/- animals. In vitro, CXCR4 and CXCR7 antagonism dampened PNC and NET formation with human platelets and PMNs, confirming our in vivo data. In conclusion, our study reveals new protective aspects of the pharmacological modulation of CXCR4 and CXCR7 on PNC and NET formation during acute inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian-Christos Ngamsri
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| | - Rizki A. Putri
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| | - Christoph Jans
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| | - Katharina Schindler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| | - Anika Fuhr
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| | - Jutta Gamper-Tsigaras
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| | - Sabrina Ehnert
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Franziska M. Konrad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
An overview of current therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma and the role of CD73 as an alternative curative approach. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 24:742-756. [PMID: 34792724 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02732-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a complicated and heterogeneous brain tumor with short-term survival outcomes. Commercial therapies are not practical due to cell infiltration capacity, high proliferative rate, and blood-brain barrier. In this context, recognition of the molecular mechanism of tumor progression might help the development of new cancer therapeutics. Recently, more evidence has supported CD73 and downstream adenosine A2A/A2B receptor signaling playing a crucial role in glioblastoma pathogenesis; therefore, targeting CD73 in murine tumor models can reduce tumor development. CD73 is an ecto-enzyme inducing tumor metastasis, angiogenesis, and immune escape via the production of extracellular adenosine in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we provided information about clinical characteristics as well as the therapeutic management of glioblastoma. Then, we focused on newly available experimental evidence distinguishing between the essential role of CD73 on this tumor growth and a new method for the treatment of GBM patients.
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang CN, Li FJ, Zhao ZL, Zhang JN. The role of extracellular vesicles in traumatic brain injury-induced acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L885-L891. [PMID: 34549593 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00023.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI), a common complication after traumatic brain injury (TBI), can evolve into acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and has a mortality rate of 30%-40%. Secondary ALI after TBI exhibits the following typical pathological features: infiltration of neutrophils into the alveolar and interstitial space, alveolar septal thickening, alveolar edema, and hemorrhage. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were recently identified as key mediators in TBI-induced ALI. Due to their small size and lipid bilayer, they can pass through the disrupted blood-brain barrier (BBB) into the peripheral circulation and deliver their contents, such as genetic material and proteins, to target cells through processes such as fusion, receptor-mediated interactions, and uptake. Acting as messengers, EVs contribute to mediating brain-lung cross talk after TBI. In this review, we aim to summarize the mechanism of EVs in TBI-induced ALI, which may provide new ideas for clinical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, grid.412645.0Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fan-Jian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, grid.412645.0Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zi-Long Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, grid.412645.0Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian-Ning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, grid.412645.0Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Leão Batista Simões J, Fornari Basso H, Cristine Kosvoski G, Gavioli J, Marafon F, Elias Assmann C, Barbosa Carvalho F, Dulce Bagatini M. Targeting purinergic receptors to suppress the cytokine storm induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection in pulmonary tissue. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108150. [PMID: 34537482 PMCID: PMC8435372 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The etiological agent of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is the new member of the Coronaviridae family, a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the pandemic that is plaguing the world. The single-stranded RNA virus is capable of infecting the respiratory tract, by binding the spike (S) protein on its viral surface to receptors for the angiotensin II-converting enzyme (ACE2), highly expressed in the pulmonary tissue, enabling the interaction of the virus with alveolar epithelial cells promoting endocytosis and replication of viral material. The infection triggers the activation of the immune system, increased purinergic signaling, and the release of cytokines as a defense mechanism, but the response can become exaggerated and prompt the so-called “cytokine storm”, developing cases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). This is characterized by fever, cough, and difficulty breathing, which can progress to pneumonia, failure of different organs and death. Thus, the present review aims to compile and correlate the mechanisms involved between the immune and purinergic systems with COVID-19, since the modulation of purinergic receptors, such as A2A, A2B, and P2X7 expressed by immune cells, seems to be effective as a promising therapy, to reduce the severity of the disease, as well as aid in the treatment of acute lung diseases and other cases of generalized inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jullye Gavioli
- Medical School, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Filomena Marafon
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Charles Elias Assmann
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Silva-Lagos LA, Pillay J, van Meurs M, Smink A, van der Voort PHJ, de Vos P. DAMPening COVID-19 Severity by Attenuating Danger Signals. Front Immunol 2021; 12:720192. [PMID: 34456928 PMCID: PMC8397524 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.720192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 might lead to multi-organ failure and, in some cases, to death. The COVID-19 severity is associated with a “cytokine storm.” Danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are proinflammatory molecules that can activate pattern recognition receptors, such as toll-like receptors (TLRs). DAMPs and TLRs have not received much attention in COVID-19 but can explain some of the gender-, weight- and age-dependent effects. In females and males, TLRs are differentially expressed, likely contributing to higher COVID-19 severity in males. DAMPs and cytokines associated with COVID-19 mortality are elevated in obese and elderly individuals, which might explain the higher risk for severer COVID-19 in these groups. Adenosine signaling inhibits the TLR/NF-κB pathway and, through this, decreases inflammation and DAMPs’ effects. As vaccines will not be effective in all susceptible individuals and as new vaccine-resistant SARS-CoV-2 mutants might develop, it remains mandatory to find means to dampen COVID-19 disease severity, especially in high-risk groups. We propose that the regulation of DAMPs via adenosine signaling enhancement might be an effective way to lower the severity of COVID-19 and prevent multiple organ failure in the absence of severe side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Silva-Lagos
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Janesh Pillay
- Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Matijs van Meurs
- Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Smink
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter H J van der Voort
- Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ngamsri KC, Fabian F, Fuhr A, Gamper-Tsigaras J, Straub A, Fecher D, Steinke M, Walles H, Reutershan J, Konrad FM. Sevoflurane Exerts Protective Effects in Murine Peritonitis-induced Sepsis via Hypoxia-inducible Factor 1α/Adenosine A2B Receptor Signaling. Anesthesiology 2021; 135:136-150. [PMID: 33914856 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000003788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is one of the leading causes of mortality in intensive care units, and sedation in the intensive care unit during sepsis is usually performed intravenously. The inhalative anesthetic sevoflurane has been shown to elicit protective effects in various inflammatory studies, but its role in peritonitis-induced sepsis remains elusive. The hypothesis was that sevoflurane controls the neutrophil infiltration by stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and elevated adenosine A2B receptor expression. METHODS In mouse models of zymosan- and fecal-induced peritonitis, male mice were anesthetized with sevoflurane (2 volume percent, 30 min) after the onset of inflammation. Control animals received the solvent saline. The neutrophil counts and adhesion molecules on neutrophils in the peritoneal lavage of wild-type, adenosine A2B receptor -/-, and chimeric animals were determined by flow cytometry 4 h after stimulation. Cytokines and protein release were determined in the lavage. Further, the adenosine A2B receptor and its transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1α were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis 4 h after stimulation. RESULTS Sevoflurane reduced the neutrophil counts in the peritoneal lavage (mean ± SD, 25 ± 17 × 105vs. 12 ± 7 × 105 neutrophils; P = 0.004; n = 19/17) by lower expression of various adhesion molecules on neutrophils of wild-type animals but not of adenosine A2B receptor -/- animals. The cytokines concentration (means ± SD, tumor necrosis factor α [pg/ml], 523 ± 227 vs. 281 ± 101; P = 0.002; n = 9/9) and protein extravasation (mean ± SD [mg/ml], 1.4 ± 0.3 vs. 0.8 ± 0.4; P = 0.002; n = 12/11) were also lower after sevoflurane only in the wild-type mice. Chimeric mice showed the required expression of the adenosine A2B receptor on the hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic compartments for the protective effects of the anesthetic. Sevoflurane induced the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and adenosine A2B receptor in the intestine, liver, and lung. CONCLUSIONS Sevoflurane exerts various protective effects in two murine peritonitis-induced sepsis models. These protective effects were linked with a functional adenosine A2B receptor. EDITOR’S PERSPECTIVE
Collapse
|
30
|
Rattray Z, Deng G, Zhang S, Shirali A, May CK, Chen X, Cuffari BJ, Liu J, Zou P, Rattray NJ, Johnson CH, Dubljevic V, Campbell JA, Huttner A, Baehring JM, Zhou J, Hansen JE. ENT2 facilitates brain endothelial cell penetration and blood-brain barrier transport by a tumor-targeting anti-DNA autoantibody. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e145875. [PMID: 34128837 PMCID: PMC8410084 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.145875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents antibodies from penetrating the CNS and limits conventional antibody-based approaches to brain tumors. We now show that ENT2, a transporter that regulates nucleoside flux at the BBB, may offer an unexpected path to circumventing this barrier to allow targeting of brain tumors with an anti-DNA autoantibody. Deoxymab-1 (DX1) is a DNA-damaging autoantibody that localizes to tumors and is synthetically lethal to cancer cells with defects in the DNA damage response. We found that DX1 penetrated brain endothelial cells and crossed the BBB, and mechanistic studies identify ENT2 as the key transporter. In efficacy studies, DX1 crosses the BBB to suppress orthotopic glioblastoma and breast cancer brain metastases. ENT2-linked transport of autoantibodies across the BBB has potential to be exploited in brain tumor immunotherapy, and its discovery raises hypotheses on actionable mechanisms of CNS penetration by neurotoxic autoantibodies in CNS lupus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gang Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shenqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Pan Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Caroline H Johnson
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | - Anita Huttner
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Pathology and
| | - Joachim M Baehring
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jiangbing Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - James E Hansen
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and.,Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pasquini S, Contri C, Borea PA, Vincenzi F, Varani K. Adenosine and Inflammation: Here, There and Everywhere. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7685. [PMID: 34299305 PMCID: PMC8304851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous modulator with the main function of maintaining cellular and tissue homeostasis in pathological and stress conditions. It exerts its effect through the interaction with four G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) subtypes referred as A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 adenosine receptors (ARs), each of which has a unique pharmacological profile and tissue distribution. Adenosine is a potent modulator of inflammation, and for this reason the adenosinergic system represents an excellent pharmacological target for the myriad of diseases in which inflammation represents a cause, a pathogenetic mechanism, a consequence, a manifestation, or a protective factor. The omnipresence of ARs in every cell of the immune system as well as in almost all cells in the body represents both an opportunity and an obstacle to the clinical use of AR ligands. This review offers an overview of the cardinal role of adenosine in the modulation of inflammation, showing how the stimulation or blocking of its receptors or agents capable of regulating its extracellular concentration can represent promising therapeutic strategies for the treatment of chronic inflammatory pathologies, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pasquini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (C.C.); (K.V.)
| | - Chiara Contri
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (C.C.); (K.V.)
| | | | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (C.C.); (K.V.)
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (C.C.); (K.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yuan X, Ferrari D, Mills T, Wang Y, Czopik A, Doursout MF, Evans SE, Idzko M, Eltzschig HK. Editorial: Purinergic Signaling and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:699069. [PMID: 34093597 PMCID: PMC8170313 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.699069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Davide Ferrari
- Section of Microbiology and Applied Pathology, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tingting Mills
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yanyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Agnieszka Czopik
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Scott E. Evans
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Marco Idzko
- Department of Pulmonology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Li J, Conrad C, Mills TW, Berg NK, Kim B, Ruan W, Lee JW, Zhang X, Yuan X, Eltzschig HK. PMN-derived netrin-1 attenuates cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury via myeloid ADORA2B signaling. J Exp Med 2021; 218:212023. [PMID: 33891683 PMCID: PMC8077173 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies implicated the neuronal guidance molecule netrin-1 in attenuating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the tissue-specific sources and receptor signaling events remain elusive. Neutrophils are among the first cells responding to an ischemic insult and can be associated with tissue injury or rescue. We found netrin-1 levels were elevated in the blood of patients with myocardial infarction, as well as in mice exposed to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. Selectively increased infarct sizes and troponin levels were found in Ntn1loxP/loxP Lyz2 Cre+ mice, but not in mice with conditional netrin-1 deletion in other tissue compartments. In vivo studies using neutrophil depletion identified neutrophils as the main source for elevated blood netrin-1 during myocardial injury. Finally, pharmacologic studies using treatment with recombinant netrin-1 revealed a functional role for purinergic signaling events through the myeloid adenosine A2b receptor in mediating netrin-1-elicited cardioprotection. These findings suggest an autocrine signaling loop with a functional role for neutrophil-derived netrin-1 in attenuating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through myeloid adenosine A2b signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Catharina Conrad
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX.,Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tingting W Mills
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Nathaniel K Berg
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Boyun Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Wei Ruan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX.,Department of Anesthesiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Jae W Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Xu Zhang
- Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sun X, Sun B, Sammani S, Bermudez T, Dudek S, Camp S, Garcia J. Genetic and epigenetic regulation of the non-muscle myosin light chain kinase isoform by lung inflammatory factors and mechanical stress. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:963-977. [PMID: 33792658 PMCID: PMC8047480 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The myosin light chain kinase gene, MYLK, encodes three proteins via unique promoters, including the non-muscle isoform of myosin light chain kinase (nmMLCK), a cytoskeletal protein centrally involved in regulation of vascular integrity. As MYLK coding SNPs are associated with severe inflammatory disorders (asthma, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)), we explored clinically relevant inflammatory stimuli and promoter SNPs in nmMLCK promoter regulation. METHODS Full-length or serially deleted MYLK luciferase reporter promoter activities were measured in human lung endothelial cells (ECs). SNP-containing non-muscle MYLK (nmMYLK) DNA fragments were generated and nmMYLK promoter binding by transcription factors (TFs) detected by protein-DNA electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Promoter demethylation was evaluated by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza). A preclinical mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) was utilized for nmMLCK validation. RESULTS Lung EC levels of nmMLCK were significantly increased in LPS-challenged mice and LPS, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), 18% cyclic stretch (CS) and 5-Aza each significantly up-regulated EC nmMYLK promoter activities. EC exposure to FG-4592, a prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor that increases hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) expression, increased nmMYLK promoter activity, confirmed by HIF1α/HIF2α silencing. nmMYLK promoter deletion studies identified distal inhibitory and proximal enhancing promoter regions as well as mechanical stretch-, LPS- and TNFα-inducible regions. Insertion of ARDS-associated SNPs (rs2700408, rs11714297) significantly increased nmMYLK promoter activity via increased transcription binding (glial cells missing homolog 1 (GCM1) and intestine-specific homeobox (ISX), respectively). Finally, the MYLK rs78755744 SNP (-261G/A), residing within a nmMYLK CpG island, significantly attenuated 5-Aza-induced promoter activity. CONCLUSION These findings indicate nmMYLK transcriptional regulation by clinically relevant inflammatory factors and ARDS-associated nmMYLK promoter variants are consistent with nmMLCK as a therapeutic target in severe inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, U.S.A
| | - Belinda L. Sun
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, U.S.A
| | - Saad Sammani
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, U.S.A
| | - Tadeo Bermudez
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, U.S.A
| | - Steven M. Dudek
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, U.S.A
| | - Sara M. Camp
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, U.S.A
| | - Joe G.N. Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Vohwinkel CU, Coit EJ, Burns N, Elajaili H, Hernandez‐Saavedra D, Yuan X, Eckle T, Nozik E, Tuder RM, Eltzschig HK. Targeting alveolar-specific succinate dehydrogenase A attenuates pulmonary inflammation during acute lung injury. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21468. [PMID: 33687752 PMCID: PMC8250206 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002778r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is an inflammatory lung disease, which manifests itself in patients as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Previous studies have implicated alveolar-epithelial succinate in ALI protection. Therefore, we hypothesized that targeting alveolar succinate dehydrogenase SDH A would result in elevated succinate levels and concomitant lung protection. Wild-type (WT) mice or transgenic mice with targeted alveolar-epithelial Sdha or hypoxia-inducible transcription factor Hif1a deletion were exposed to ALI induced by mechanical ventilation. Succinate metabolism was assessed in alveolar-epithelial via mass spectrometry as well as redox measurements and evaluation of lung injury. In WT mice, ALI induced by mechanical ventilation decreased SDHA activity and increased succinate in alveolar-epithelial. In vitro, cell-permeable succinate decreased epithelial inflammation during stretch injury. Mice with inducible alveolar-epithelial Sdha deletion (Sdhaloxp/loxp SPC-CreER mice) revealed reduced lung inflammation, improved alveolar barrier function, and attenuated histologic injury. Consistent with a functional role of succinate to stabilize HIF, Sdhaloxp/loxp SPC-CreER experienced enhanced Hif1a levels during hypoxia or ALI. Conversely, Hif1aloxp/loxp SPC-CreER showed increased inflammation with ALI induced by mechanical ventilation. Finally, wild-type mice treated with intra-tracheal dimethlysuccinate were protected during ALI. These data suggest that targeting alveolar-epithelial SDHA dampens ALI via succinate-mediated stabilization of HIF1A. Translational extensions of our studies implicate succinate treatment in attenuating alveolar inflammation in patients suffering from ARDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine U. Vohwinkel
- Developmental Lung BiologyCardiovascular Pulmonary Research LaboratoriesDivision of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care MedicineDivision of Pediatric Critical CareDepartments of Medicine and PediatricsUniversity of ColoradoAuroraCOUSA
| | - Ethan J. Coit
- Developmental Lung BiologyCardiovascular Pulmonary Research LaboratoriesDivision of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care MedicineDivision of Pediatric Critical CareDepartments of Medicine and PediatricsUniversity of ColoradoAuroraCOUSA
| | - Nana Burns
- Developmental Lung BiologyCardiovascular Pulmonary Research LaboratoriesDivision of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care MedicineDivision of Pediatric Critical CareDepartments of Medicine and PediatricsUniversity of ColoradoAuroraCOUSA
| | - Hanan Elajaili
- Developmental Lung BiologyCardiovascular Pulmonary Research LaboratoriesDivision of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care MedicineDivision of Pediatric Critical CareDepartments of Medicine and PediatricsUniversity of ColoradoAuroraCOUSA
| | | | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of AnesthesiologyMcGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTXUSA
| | - Tobias Eckle
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Colorado ‐ Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA
| | - Eva Nozik
- Developmental Lung BiologyCardiovascular Pulmonary Research LaboratoriesDivision of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care MedicineDivision of Pediatric Critical CareDepartments of Medicine and PediatricsUniversity of ColoradoAuroraCOUSA
| | - Rubin M. Tuder
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of ColoradoAuroraCOUSA
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Department of AnesthesiologyMcGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTXUSA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang W, Chen NY, Ren D, Davies J, Philip K, Eltzschig HK, Blackburn MR, Akkanti B, Karmouty-Quintana H, Weng T. Enhancing Extracellular Adenosine Levels Restores Barrier Function in Acute Lung Injury Through Expression of Focal Adhesion Proteins. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:636678. [PMID: 33778007 PMCID: PMC7987656 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.636678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical presentation of acute lung injury (ALI) with often fatal lung complication. Adenosine, a nucleoside generated following cellular stress provides protective effects in acute injury. The levels of extracellular adenosine can be depleted by equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs). ENT inhibition by pharmaceutical agent dipyridamole promotes extracellular adenosine accumulation and is protective in ARDS. However, the therapeutic potential of dipyridamole in acute lung injury has not yet been evaluated. Methods: Adenosine acts on three adenosine receptors, the adenosine A1 (Adora1), A2a (Adora2a), the A2b (Adora2b) or the adenosine A3 (Adora 3) receptor. Accumulation of adenosine is usually required to stimulate the low-affinity Adora2b receptor. In order to investigate the effect of adenosine accumulation and the contribution of epithelial-specific ENT2 or adora2b expression in experimental ALI, dipyridamole, and epithelial specific ENT2 or Adora2b deficient mice were utilized. MLE12 cells were used to probe downstream Adora2b signaling. Adenosine receptors, transporters, and targets were determined in ARDS lungs. Results: ENT2 is mainly expressed in alveolar epithelial cells and is negatively regulated by hypoxia following tissue injury. Enhancing adenosine levels with ENT1/ENT2 inhibitor dipyridamole at a time when bleomycin-induced ALI was present, reduced further injury. Mice pretreated with the ADORA2B agonist BAY 60-6583 were protected from bleomycin-induced ALI by reducing vascular leakage (558.6 ± 50.4 vs. 379.9 ± 70.4, p < 0.05), total bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell numbers (17.9 ± 1.8 to 13.4 ± 1.4 e4, p < 0.05), and neutrophil infiltration (6.42 ± 0.25 vs. 3.94 ± 0.29, p < 0.05). While mice lacking Adora2b in AECs were no longer protected by dipyridamole. We also identified occludin and focal adhesion kinase as downstream targets of ADORA2B, thus providing a novel mechanism for adenosine-mediated barrier protection. Similarly, we also observed similar enhanced ADORA2B (3.33 ± 0.67 to 16.12 ± 5.89, p < 0.05) and decreased occludin (81.2 ± 0.3 to 13.3 ± 0.4, p < 0.05) levels in human Acute respiratory distress syndrome lungs. Conclusion: We have highlighted a role of dipyridamole and adenosine signaling in preventing or treating ALI and identified Ent2 and Adora2b as key mediators in important for the resolution of ALI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning-yuan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Dewei Ren
- Houston Methodist J.C. Walter Jr. Transplant Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan Davies
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kemly Philip
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael R. Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- UTHealth Pulmonary Center of Excellence, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Bindu Akkanti
- Divisions of Critical Care, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- UTHealth Pulmonary Center of Excellence, Houston, TX, United States
- Divisions of Critical Care, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tingting Weng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- UTHealth Pulmonary Center of Excellence, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Li X, Berg NK, Mills T, Zhang K, Eltzschig HK, Yuan X. Adenosine at the Interphase of Hypoxia and Inflammation in Lung Injury. Front Immunol 2021; 11:604944. [PMID: 33519814 PMCID: PMC7840604 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.604944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and inflammation often coincide in pathogenic conditions such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and chronic lung diseases, which are significant contributors to morbidity and mortality for the general population. For example, the recent global outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has placed viral infection-induced ARDS under the spotlight. Moreover, chronic lung disease ranks the third leading cause of death in the United States. Hypoxia signaling plays a diverse role in both acute and chronic lung inflammation, which could partially be explained by the divergent function of downstream target pathways such as adenosine signaling. Particularly, hypoxia signaling activates adenosine signaling to inhibit the inflammatory response in ARDS, while in chronic lung diseases, it promotes inflammation and tissue injury. In this review, we discuss the role of adenosine at the interphase of hypoxia and inflammation in ARDS and chronic lung diseases, as well as the current strategy for therapeutic targeting of the adenosine signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University NanKai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Nathanial K. Berg
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tingting Mills
- Department of Biochemistry, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kaiying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ho SY, Chen IC, Chang KC, Lin HR, Tsai CW, Lin CJ, Liou HH. Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporters-1 Inhibitors Act as Anti-epileptic Agents by Inhibiting Glutamatergic Transmission. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:610898. [PMID: 33390891 PMCID: PMC7773772 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.610898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Adenosine dysregulation is associated with the occurrence of the epilepsy and equilibrative nucleoside transporters-1 (ENT-1) functions as an important regulator of extracellular adenosine in the brain. This study was aimed to prove the anti-epileptic effect of BBB permeable ENT-1 inhibitors, JMF1907 and J4, on animal models of various epilepsy, and the mechanisms that are involved. Experimental Approach: Maximal electroshock seizure (MES), pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure and kindling models were used as mouse models of generalized tonic-clonic epilepsy, generalized myoclonic epilepsy, and partial epilepsy, respectively. The epilepsy frequency, duration, and Racine score were evaluated. Whole-cell recordings were made from the hippocampal dentate granule cells by using a patch-clamp technique in the brain slice of the mice. Key Results: In MES, JMF1907 at a dose of 5 mg kg-1 was efficacious in decreasing hindlimb extension, while J4 did not decrease hindlimb extension until a higher dose (10 mg kg-1). Both JMF1907 and J4 were more potent in lengthening onset latency than ethosuximide (ETH) in PTZ-induced myoclonic epilepsy model, whereas ETH had better effects on the Racine score. In kindling model, JMF1907 and J4 at a dose of 1 mg kg-1 had effects on seizure frequency and duration, and the effects of JMF1907 were comparable with those of carbamazepine. Both JMF1907 and J4 can reduce the glutamatergic spontaneous excitatory post-synaptic currents (sEPSCs) frequency. The maximal inhibition was about 50% for JMF1907 at a concentration of 1 μg L-1, whereas J4 only inhibited 40% of sEPSCs frequency at a dose of 10 μg L-1. Conclusion and Implications: ENT-1 inhibitors, JMF1907 and J4, showed anti-epileptic effects in different epilepsy models and the effects involved pre-synaptic neuronal modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yin Ho
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Chun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chieh Chang
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ru Lin
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Wen Tsai
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Lin
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Huei Liou
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lopes CR, Lourenço VS, Tomé ÂR, Cunha RA, Canas PM. Use of knockout mice to explore CNS effects of adenosine. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 187:114367. [PMID: 33333075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The initial exploration using pharmacological tools of the role of adenosine receptors in the brain, concluded that adenosine released as such acted on A1R to inhibit excitability and glutamate release from principal neurons throughout the brain and that adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) were striatal-'specific' receptors controlling dopamine D2R. This indicted A1R as potential controllers of neurodegeneration and A2AR of psychiatric conditions. Global knockout of these two receptors questioned the key role of A1R and instead identified extra-striatal A2AR as robust controllers of neurodegeneration. Furthermore, transgenic lines with altered metabolic sources of adenosine revealed a coupling of ATP-derived adenosine to activate A2AR and a role of A1R as a hurdle to initiate neurodegeneration. Additionally, cell-selective knockout of A2AR unveiled the different roles of A2AR in different cell types (neurons/astrocytes) in different portions of the striatal circuits (dorsal versus lateral) and in different brain areas (hippocampus/striatum). Finally, a new transgenic mouse line with deletion of all adenosine receptors seems to indicate a major allostatic rather than homeostatic role of adenosine and may allow isolating P2R-mediated responses to unravel their role in the brain, a goal close to heart of Geoffrey Burnstock, to whom we affectionately dedicate this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cátia R Lopes
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vanessa S Lourenço
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ângelo R Tomé
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Paula M Canas
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 2: Properties and Physiological Roles. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5197626. [PMID: 33344638 PMCID: PMC7732376 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5197626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 (ENT2) is a bidirectional transporter embedded in the biological membrane and is ubiquitously found in most tissue and cell types. ENT2 mediates the uptake of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and nucleobase besides transporting a variety of nucleoside-derived drugs, mostly in anticancer therapy. Since high expression of ENT2 has been correlated with advanced stages of different types of cancers, consequently, this has gained significant interest in the role of ENT2 as a potential therapeutic target. Furthermore, ENT2 plays critical roles in signaling pathway and cell cycle progression. Therefore, elucidating the physiological roles of ENT2 and its properties may contribute to a better understanding of ENT2 roles beyond their transportation mechanism. This review is aimed at highlighting the main roles of ENT2 and at providing a brief update on the recent research.
Collapse
|
41
|
Hertzog RG, Bicheru NS, Popescu DM, Călborean O, Catrina AM. Hypoxic preconditioning - A nonpharmacological approach in COVID-19 prevention. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 103:415-419. [PMID: 33249285 PMCID: PMC7690942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.11.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is defined by low oxygen concentration in organs, tissues, and cells. Maintaining oxygen homeostasis represents the essential cellular metabolic process for the structural integrity of tissues in different pathological conditions, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Considering the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 as the regulator of cellular response to hypoxia and its involvement in angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, glucose metabolism, inflammation, we propose hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) as a novel prevention therapeutic approach on healthy contacts of patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). To date, several studies revealed the beneficial effects of HPC in ischemia, kidney failure, and in pulmonary function recovery of patients who underwent lung surgery. HPC increases the expression of factors that promote cell survival and angiogenesis, induces an anti-inflammatory outcome, triggers coordinated hypoxia responses that promote erythropoiesis, and mobilizes the circulating progenitor cells. Furthermore, the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) exposed to HPC show improvement of their regenerative capacities and increases the effectiveness of stem cell therapy in different pathologies, including COVID-19. In conclusion, HPC should be considered as an approach with beneficial outcomes and without significant side effects when the organism is severely exposed to the same stressor. HPC appears as a trigger to mechanisms that improve and maintain tissue oxygenation and repair, a main goal in different pathologies, including COVID-19 or other respiratory conditions.
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Despite substantial advances in anesthesia safety within the past decades, perioperative mortality remains a prevalent problem and can be considered among the top causes of death worldwide. Acute organ failure is a major risk factor of morbidity and mortality in surgical patients and develops primarily as a consequence of a dysregulated inflammatory response and insufficient tissue perfusion. Neurological dysfunction, myocardial ischemia, acute kidney injury, respiratory failure, intestinal dysfunction, and hepatic impairment are among the most serious complications impacting patient outcome and recovery. Pre-, intra-, and postoperative arrangements, such as enhanced recovery after surgery programs, can contribute to lowering the occurrence of organ dysfunction, and mortality rates have improved with the advent of specialized intensive care units and advances in procedures relating to extracorporeal organ support. However, no specific pharmacological therapies have proven effective in the prevention or reversal of perioperative organ injury. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms of organ dysfunction is essential to identify novel treatment strategies to improve perioperative care and outcomes for surgical patients. This review focuses on recent knowledge of pathophysiological and molecular pathways leading to perioperative organ injury. Additionally, we highlight potential therapeutic targets relevant to the network of events that occur in clinical settings with organ failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Conrad
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas.,Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hypoxia and HIF Signaling: One Axis with Divergent Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165611. [PMID: 32764403 PMCID: PMC7460602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The correct concentration of oxygen in all tissues is a hallmark of cellular wellness, and the negative regulation of oxygen homeostasis is able to affect the cells and tissues of the whole organism. The cellular response to hypoxia is characterized by the activation of multiple genes involved in many biological processes. Among them, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) represents the master regulator of the hypoxia response. The active heterodimeric complex HIF α/β, binding to hypoxia-responsive elements (HREs), determines the induction of at least 100 target genes to restore tissue homeostasis. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that hypoxia signaling can act by generating contrasting responses in cells and tissues. Here, this dual and controversial role of hypoxia and the HIF signaling pathway is discussed, with particular reference to the effects induced on the complex activities of the immune system and on mechanisms determining cell and tissue responses after an injury in both acute and chronic human diseases related to the heart, lung, liver, and kidney.
Collapse
|
44
|
Lee JS, Wang RX, Goldberg MS, Clifford GP, Kao DJ, Colgan SP. Microbiota-Sourced Purines Support Wound Healing and Mucous Barrier Function. iScience 2020; 23:101226. [PMID: 32554188 PMCID: PMC7303675 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa requires high levels of nucleotides for energy procurement, proliferation, and innate immunity. This need for nucleotide substrates substantially increases during injury, infection, and wound healing. In the present studies, we profile potential sources of purine nucleotides in murine mucosal tissue. This work reveals the gut microbiota as a prominent source of exogenous purines and that such microbiota-sourced purines (MSPs) are available to the intestinal mucosa. The MSPs are utilized for nucleotide genesis and promote energy balance. Further analyses reveal that colitic tissues lacking MSPs are proliferatively stunted, with notable energetic and endoplasmic reticulum stress to the detriment of mucous barrier integrity. Purine reconstitution either directly or through colonization of germ-free/antibiotic-treated mice with MSP-sufficient E. coli alleviates such deficits, establishing MSP as a critical source of substrate for tissue metabolism, wound healing, and mucous barrier sterile integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Scott Lee
- Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, MS B-146, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ruth X Wang
- Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, MS B-146, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Matthew S Goldberg
- Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, MS B-146, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Garrett P Clifford
- Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, MS B-146, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Daniel J Kao
- Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, MS B-146, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, MS B-146, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gile J, Oyama Y, Shuff S, Eckle T. A Role for the Adenosine ADORA2B Receptor in Midazolam Induced Cognitive Dysfunction. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4330-4337. [PMID: 32294028 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200415171622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently reported a role for the circadian rhythm protein Period 2 (PER2) in midazolam induced cognitive dysfunction. Based on previous studies showing a critical role for the adenosine A2B receptor (ADORA2B) in PER2 regulation, we hypothesized that hippocampal ADORA2B is crucial for cognitive function. METHODS Midazolam treated C57BL/6J mice were analyzed for Adora2b hippocampal mRNA expression levels, and spontaneous T-maze alternation was determined in Adora2b-/- mice. Using the specific ADORA2B agonist BAY-60-6583 in midazolam treated C57BL/6J mice, we analyzed hippocampal Per2 mRNA expression levels and spontaneous T-maze alternation. Finally, Adora2b-/- mice were assessed for mRNA expression of markers for inflammation or cognitive function in the hippocampus. RESULTS Midazolam treatment significantly downregulated Adora2b or Per2 mRNA in the hippocampus of C57BL/6J mice, and hippocampal PER2 protein expression or T-maze alternation was significantly reduced in Adora2b-/- mice. ADORA2B agonist BAY-60-6583 restored midazolam mediated reduction in spontaneous alternation in C57BL/6J mice. Analysis of hippocampal Tnf-α or Il-6 mRNA levels in Adora2b-/- mice did not reveal an inflammatory phenotype. However, C-fos, a critical component of hippocampus-dependent learning and memory, was significantly downregulated in the hippocampus of Adora2b-/- mice. CONCLUSION These results suggest a role of ADORA2B in midazolam induced cognitive dysfunction. Further, our data demonstrate that BAY-60-6583 treatment restores midazolam induced cognitive dysfunction, possibly via increases of Per2. Additional mechanistic studies hint towards C-FOS as another potential underlying mechanism of memory impairment in Adora2b-/- mice. These findings suggest the ADORA2B agonist as a potential therapy in patients with midazolam induced cognitive dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Gile
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Yoshimasa Oyama
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Sydney Shuff
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Tobias Eckle
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Harvey JB, Phan LH, Villarreal OE, Bowser JL. CD73's Potential as an Immunotherapy Target in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Front Immunol 2020; 11:508. [PMID: 32351498 PMCID: PMC7174602 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD73, a cell surface 5'nucleotidase that generates adenosine, has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target for reprogramming cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment to dampen antitumor immune cell evasion. Decades of studies have paved the way for these findings, starting with the discovery of adenosine signaling, particularly adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) signaling, as a potent suppressor of tissue-devastating immune cell responses, and evolving with studies focusing on CD73 in breast cancer, melanoma, and non-small cell lung cancer. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are a major cause of cancer-related deaths. Evidence is mounting that shows promise for improving patient outcomes through incorporation of immunomodulatory strategies as single agents or in combination with current treatment options. Recently, several immune checkpoint inhibitors received FDA approval for use in GI cancers; however, clinical benefit is limited. Investigating molecular mechanisms promoting immunosuppression, such as CD73, in GI cancers can aid in current efforts to extend the efficacy of immunotherapy to more patients. In this review, we discuss current clinical and basic research studies on CD73 in GI cancers, including gastric, liver, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer, with special focus on the potential of CD73 as an immunotherapy target in these cancers. We also present a summary of current clinical studies targeting CD73 and/or A2AR and combination of these therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry B. Harvey
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Luan H. Phan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Oscar E. Villarreal
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jessica L. Bowser
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ngamsri KC, Jans C, Putri RA, Schindler K, Gamper-Tsigaras J, Eggstein C, Köhler D, Konrad FM. Inhibition of CXCR4 and CXCR7 Is Protective in Acute Peritoneal Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:407. [PMID: 32210974 PMCID: PMC7076176 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies revealed a pivotal role of the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1 and its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 on migratory behavior of polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNs) in pulmonary inflammation. Thereby, the SDF-1-CXCR4/CXCR7-axis was linked with adenosine signaling. However, the role of the SDF-1 receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 in acute inflammatory peritonitis and peritonitis-related sepsis still remained unknown. The presented study provides new insight on the mechanism of a selective inhibition of CXCR4 (AMD3100) and CXCR7 (CCX771) in two models of peritonitis and peritonitis-related sepsis by injection of zymosan and fecal solution. We observed an increased expression of SDF-1, CXCR4, and CXCR7 in peritoneal tissue and various organs during acute inflammatory peritonitis. Selective inhibition of CXCR4 and CXCR7 reduced PMN accumulation in the peritoneal fluid and infiltration of neutrophils in lung and liver tissue in both models. Both inhibitors had no anti-inflammatory effects in A2B knockout animals (A2B–/–). AMD3100 and CCX771 treatment reduced capillary leakage and increased formation of tight junctions as a marker for microvascular permeability in wild type animals. In contrast, both inhibitors failed to improve capillary leakage in A2B–/– animals, highlighting the impact of the A2B-receptor in SDF-1 mediated signaling. After inflammation, the CXCR4 and CXCR7 antagonist induced an enhanced expression of the protective A2B adenosine receptor and an increased activation of cAMP (cyclic adenosine mono phosphate) response element-binding protein (CREB), as downstream signaling pathway of A2B. The CXCR4- and CXCR7-inhibitor reduced the release of cytokines in wild type animals via decreased intracellular phosphorylation of ERK and NFκB p65. In vitro, CXCR4 and CXCR7 antagonism diminished the chemokine release of human cells and increased cellular integrity by enhancing the expression of tight junctions. These protective effects were linked with functional A2B-receptor signaling, confirming our in vivo data. In conclusion, our study revealed new protective aspects of the pharmacological modulation of the SDF-1-CXCR4/CXCR7-axis during acute peritoneal inflammation in terms of the two hallmarks PMN migration and barrier integrity. Both anti-inflammatory effects were linked with functional adenosine A2B-receptor signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian-Christos Ngamsri
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Jans
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rizki A Putri
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Schindler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jutta Gamper-Tsigaras
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Eggstein
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Köhler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Franziska M Konrad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bacterial Nucleoside Catabolism Controls Quorum Sensing and Commensal-to-Pathogen Transition in the Drosophila Gut. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 27:345-357.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
49
|
Yeudall S, Leitinger N, Laubach VE. Extracellular nucleotide signaling in solid organ transplantation. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:633-640. [PMID: 31605463 PMCID: PMC7042041 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The role of extracellular purine nucleotides, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine, as modulators of posttransplantation outcome and ischemia-reperfusion injury is becoming increasingly evident. Upon pathological release of ATP, binding and activation of P2 purinergic surface receptors promote tissue injury and inflammation, while the expression and activation of P1 receptors for adenosine have been shown to attenuate inflammation and limit ischemia-induced damage, which are central to the viability and long-term success of allografts. Here we review the current state of the transplant field with respect to the role of extracellular nucleotide signaling, with a focus on the sources and functions of extracellular ATP. The connection between ischemia reperfusion, purinergic signaling, and graft preservation, as well as the role of ATP and adenosine as driving factors in the promotion and suppression of posttransplant inflammation and allograft rejection, are discussed. We also examine novel therapeutic approaches that take advantage of the ischemia-reperfusion-responsive and immunomodulatory roles for purinergic signaling with the goal of enhancing graft viability, attenuating posttransplant inflammation, and minimizing complications including rejection, graft failure, and associated comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Yeudall
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Norbert Leitinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Victor E. Laubach
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chambers ED, White A, Vang A, Wang Z, Ayala A, Weng T, Blackburn M, Choudhary G, Rounds S, Lu Q. Blockade of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1/2 protects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced acute lung injury and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. FASEB J 2020; 34:1516-1531. [PMID: 31914698 PMCID: PMC7045807 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902286r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are increasingly multidrug resistant and cause healthcare-associated pneumonia, a major risk factor for acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Adenosine is a signaling nucleoside with potential opposing effects; adenosine can either protect against acute lung injury via adenosine receptors or cause lung injury via adenosine receptors or equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT)-dependent intracellular adenosine uptake. We hypothesized that blockade of intracellular adenosine uptake by inhibition of ENT1/2 would increase adenosine receptor signaling and protect against P. aeruginosa-induced acute lung injury. We observed that P. aeruginosa (strain: PA103) infection induced acute lung injury in C57BL/6 mice in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Using ENT1/2 pharmacological inhibitor, nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBTI), and ENT1-null mice, we demonstrated that ENT blockade elevated lung adenosine levels and significantly attenuated P. aeruginosa-induced acute lung injury, as assessed by lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, BAL protein levels, BAL inflammatory cell counts, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and pulmonary function (total lung volume, static lung compliance, tissue damping, and tissue elastance). Using both agonists and antagonists directed against adenosine receptors A2AR and A2BR, we further demonstrated that ENT1/2 blockade protected against P. aeruginosa -induced acute lung injury via activation of A2AR and A2BR. Additionally, ENT1/2 chemical inhibition and ENT1 knockout prevented P. aeruginosa-induced lung NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Finally, inhibition of inflammasome prevented P. aeruginosa-induced acute lung injury. Our results suggest that targeting ENT1/2 and NLRP3 inflammasome may be novel strategies for prevention and treatment of P. aeruginosa-induced pneumonia and subsequent ARDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eboni D. Chambers
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02908
| | - Alexis White
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02908
| | - Alexander Vang
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02908
| | - Zhengke Wang
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02908
| | - Alfred Ayala
- Division of Surgical Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02908
| | - Tingting Weng
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Michael Blackburn
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Gaurav Choudhary
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02908
| | - Sharon Rounds
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02908
| | - Qing Lu
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02908
| |
Collapse
|