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Jain S, Han L, Gahbauer EA, Leo-Summers L, Feder SL, Ferrante LE, Gill TM. Association Between Restricting Symptoms and Disability After Critical Illness Among Older Adults. Crit Care Med 2024:00003246-990000000-00381. [PMID: 39298623 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000006427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Older adults who survive critical illness are at risk for increased disability, limiting their independence and quality of life. We sought to evaluate whether the occurrence of symptoms that restrict activity, that is, restricting symptoms, is associated with increased disability following an ICU hospitalization. DESIGN Prospective longitudinal study of community-living adults 70 years old or older who were interviewed monthly between 1998 and 2018. SETTING South Central Connecticut, United States. PATIENTS Two hundred fifty-one ICU admissions from 202 participants who were discharged alive from the hospital. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Occurrence of 15 restricting symptoms (operationalized as number of symptoms and presence of ≥ 2 symptoms) and disability in activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, and mobility was ascertained during monthly interviews throughout the study period. We constructed multivariable Poisson regression models to evaluate the association between post-ICU restricting symptoms and subsequent disability over the 6 months following ICU hospitalization, adjusting for known risk factors for post-ICU disability including pre-ICU disability, frailty, cognitive impairment, mechanical ventilation, and ICU length of stay. The mean age of participants was 83.5 years (sd, 5.6 yr); 57% were female. Over the 6 months following ICU hospitalization, each unit increase in the number of restricting symptoms was associated with a 5% increase in the number of disabilities (adjusted rate ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.04-1.06). The presence of greater than or equal to 2 restricting symptoms was associated with a 29% greater number of disabilities over the 6 months following ICU hospitalization as compared with less than 2 symptoms (adjusted rate ratio, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.22-1.36). CONCLUSIONS In this longitudinal cohort of community-living older adults, symptoms restricting activity were independently associated with increased disability after ICU hospitalization. These findings suggest that management of restricting symptoms may enhance functional recovery among older ICU survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Ling Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Linda Leo-Summers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Shelli L Feder
- Yale School of Nursing and the Pain Research, Informatics, Multiple Morbidities, and Education Center of Excellence at the VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
| | - Lauren E Ferrante
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Thomas M Gill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Barisich PS, Ramírez-Santana M. One-year survival after admission in the intensive care unit: a retrospective cohort study. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2024; 70:e20240463. [PMID: 39292086 PMCID: PMC11404985 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20240463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Improving survival is the objective of intensive care units. Various factors affect long-term outcomes. The objective was to explore survival and the associated factors 1 year after admission to the intensive care unit. METHOD This is an observational, descriptive, and analytical study in a retrospective cohort of adults admitted to an intensive care unit at a regional hospital during the first semester of 2022. Records of 218 patients from an anonymized database were analyzed. RESULTS The average age was 61 years, and the average APACHE II score was 15 points (24% expected mortality). Survival 1 year after admission was 57.8%. Factors associated with 1-year survival in the Cox regression model were age and APACHE II. The univariate analysis showed that the cancer was significantly associated with lethality after 1 year (OR 10.55; 95%CI 1.99-55.76). CONCLUSION One-year survival after intensive care unit decreases by 16.1%. Factors that significantly reduced survival were old age, severity, and oncologic cause at admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Sepúlveda Barisich
- Hospital San Juan de Dios, Intensive Care Unit - La Serena, Chile
- Universidad Católica del Norte, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health - Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Muriel Ramírez-Santana
- Universidad Católica del Norte, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health - Coquimbo, Chile
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3
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deWeever A, Paudel SS, Zhou C, Francis CM, Tambe DT, Frank DW, Balczon R, Stevens T. cUMP elicits interendothelial gap formation during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 327:L395-L405. [PMID: 39076085 PMCID: PMC11444506 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00164.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa utilizes a type 3 secretion system to intoxicate host cells with the nucleotidyl cyclase ExoY. After activation by its host cell cofactor, filamentous actin, ExoY produces purine and pyrimidine cyclic nucleotides, including cAMP, cGMP, and cUMP. ExoY-generated cyclic nucleotides promote interendothelial gap formation, impair motility, and arrest cell growth. The disruptive activities of cAMP and cGMP during the P. aeruginosa infection are established; however, little is known about the function of cUMP. Here, we tested the hypothesis that cUMP contributes to endothelial cell barrier disruption during P. aeruginosa infection. Using a membrane permeable cUMP analog, cUMP-AM, we revealed that during infection with catalytically inactive ExoY, cUMP promotes interendothelial gap formation in cultured pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) and contributes to increased filtration coefficient in the isolated perfused lung. These findings indicate that cUMP contributes to endothelial permeability during P. aeruginosa lung infection.NEW & NOTEWORTHY During pneumonia, bacteria utilize a virulence arsenal to communicate with host cells. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa T3SS directly introduces virulence molecules into the host cell cytoplasm. These molecules are enzymes that trigger interkingdom communication. One of the exoenzymes is a nucleotidyl cyclase that produces noncanonical cyclic nucleotides like cUMP. Little is known about how cUMP acts in the cell. Here we found that cUMP instigates pulmonary edema during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of the lung.
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Grants
- R01 HL167997 NHLBI NIH HHS
- HL136689 HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- P01 HL066299 NHLBI NIH HHS
- AI104922 HHS | NIH | NIAID | Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (DMID)
- R01 HL140182 NHLBI NIH HHS
- HL167997 HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- R01 AI104922 NIAID NIH HHS
- HL148069 HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- R01 HL148069 NHLBI NIH HHS
- HL140182 HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- HL66299 HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
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Affiliation(s)
- Althea deWeever
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Sunita S Paudel
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Chun Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - C Michael Francis
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Dhananjay T Tambe
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Dara W Frank
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Ron Balczon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Troy Stevens
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
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Gesser AF, Campos ML, Artismo RS, Karloh M, Matte DL. Impact of COVID-19 critical illness on functional status, fatigue symptoms, and health-related quality of life one-year after hospital discharge: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Disabil Rehabil 2024; 46:4086-4097. [PMID: 37818936 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2266365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate the prevalence and severity of impairments in functional status, fatigue, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among critical COVID-19 survivors one-year after hospital discharge. METHODS A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA statement and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021258356), with searches in eight databases. Observational studies were selected. The prevalence meta-analysis of abnormalities was performed using random-effects models. Risk of bias was evaluated using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute tool. RESULTS Twenty studies were included, with data collected between 12 and 13.5 months after hospital discharge and a total of 1828 participants. Of these, 71% were men, and 77.7% were intubated in the intensive care unit (ICU). Impairments and sequelae were identified in varying prevalence and degrees, with greater impact on functional capacity and physical components of fatigue and HRQoL. The prevalence of abnormalities of 32.3% [95% CI 23.9; 41.9] found in the meta-analysis is substantially high. Most studies were classified as having fair and poor quality. CONCLUSION Critical COVID-19 survivors experience impairments in functional status, fatigue, and HRQoL to varying degrees one-year after hospital discharge, particularly among patients who stayed in the ICU and on MV for a prolonged period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flávia Gesser
- Master's Program in Physiotherapy, University of the State of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Mariana Lanzoni Campos
- Master's Program in Physiotherapy, University of the State of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Regiana Santos Artismo
- Master's Program in Physiotherapy, University of the State of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, University of the State of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Manuela Karloh
- Master's Program in Physiotherapy, University of the State of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Department of Physiotherapy, Center of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the State of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Darlan Laurício Matte
- Master's Program in Physiotherapy, University of the State of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, University of the State of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Department of Physiotherapy, Center of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the State of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Alba Schmidt E, De Rosa S, Müller J, Hüsing P, Daniels R, Theile P, Schweingruber N, Kluge S, Huber TB, Roedl K, Schmidt-Lauber C. Acute kidney injury predicts mortality in very elderly critically-ill patients. Eur J Intern Med 2024; 127:119-125. [PMID: 38749845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing admissions of very elderly patients to intensive care units (ICUs) over recent decades highlight a growing need for understanding acute kidney injury (AKI) in this population. Although these individuals are potentially at high risk for AKI and adverse outcomes, data on AKI in this population is scarce. This study investigates the AKI incidence and outcomes of critically-ill patients aging at least 90 years. METHODS This retrospective cohort study conducted at the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (2008-2020), investigates AKI incidence and outcomes between 2008 and 2020 in critically-ill patients aged ≥ 90 years. AKI was defined according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria using creatinine dynamics and/or urine output. Primary endpoint was overall mortality after 1 year. Secondary endpoints were in-hospital mortality, length of ICU and hospital stay. RESULTS During the study period 92,958 critically-ill patients were treated and 1108 were ≥ 90 years. Of these, 1054 patients had available creatinine values and were included in the present study. AKI occurred in 24.4%, mostly classified as mild (17.5%). AKI was independently associated with a significant increase in overall mortality (HR 1.21, 95 %-CI: 1.01-1.46), in-hospital mortality (OR 2, 1.41-2.85), length of ICU (+2.8 days, 2.3-3.3) and hospital stay (+2.3 days, 0.9-3.7). Severity escalated these effects, but even mild AKI showed significance. Introducing urine-based criteria increased incidence but compromised mortality prediction. CONCLUSIONS AKI is a frequent complication in very elderly critically-ill patients. Occurrence of AKI at any stage was associated with increased mortality. Predictive ability applied to AKI defined by creatinine but not urine output. Careful attention of creatinine dynamics is essential in very elderly ICU-patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Alba Schmidt
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Silvia De Rosa
- Centre for Medical Sciences - CISMed, University of Trento, Via S. Maria Maddalena 1, 38122 Trento, Italy; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Santa Chiara Regional Hospital, APSS Trento, Italy
| | - Jakob Müller
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Anaesthesia, Tabea Hospital, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paul Hüsing
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rikus Daniels
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pauline Theile
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nils Schweingruber
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kluge
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kevin Roedl
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schmidt-Lauber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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6
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Han KT, Kim S. Impact of nursing policy on securing intensive care unit nurse staffing and in-hospital mortality. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2024; 86:103807. [PMID: 39216113 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2024.103807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate changes in intensive care unit nurse staffing after the introduction of the government's nursing policy, and the relationship between ICU nurse staffing levels and in-hospital mortality. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study. SETTING This study used data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service and included all patients admitted to adult ICUs at general and tertiary hospitals in Korea from 2016 to 2020. METHODS The primary variables of interest in this study were the level and overall trend change in the outcome variables after introducing the nursing policy; the nurse-to-bed ratio in the ICUs was evaluated. The secondary variable of interest was the relationship between nurse staffing levels and in-hospital mortality. Interrupted time-series analysis and generalized estimating equation models were used to evaluate the primary and secondary variables of interest. RESULTS After the nursing policy was introduced, the nursing grades in the ICUs increased, especially in tertiary hospitals. The change at the time of the introduction of each policy was not statistically significant; however, after the introduction, the number of hospital beds per nurse decreased. In-hospital deaths of patients in ICUs increased as the number of beds per nurse increased (odds ratio [OR]: 1.17, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-1.21) and decreased as the number of experienced nurses increased (OR: 0.97, 95 % CI: 0.96-0.98). CONCLUSIONS The introduction of a nursing policy centered on financial support for medical institutions led to an increase in nurse hiring, leading to improved nursing grades. However, the results of introducing these policies differed by medical institution and region, and disparities between medical institutions appear to have widened further. IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE Experienced nurses are important for better outcomes for patients admitted to ICUs, and continuous policy efforts are needed to secure and maintain sufficient nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Tae Han
- Division of Cancer Control & Policy, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungju Kim
- Department of Health System, College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Hospice/Palliative Care, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Fischbach A, Simons JA, Wiegand SB, Ammon L, Kopp R, Marx G, Rossaint R, Akhyari P, Schälte G. Early extubation after elective surgical aortic valve replacement during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Cardiothorac Surg 2024; 19:490. [PMID: 39180091 PMCID: PMC11344404 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-024-02989-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) is an established therapy for severe calcific aortic stenosis. Enhanced recovery after cardiac surgery (ERACS) protocols have been shown to improve outcomes for elective cardiac procedures. The COVID-19 pandemic prompted early extubation post-elective surgeries to preserve critical care resources. AIM OF THIS STUDY To investigate the effects of extubating patients within 6 h post-elective SAVR on hospital and ICU length of stay, mortality rates, ICU readmissions, and postoperative pneumonia. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The retrospective analysis at the University Hospital Aachen, Germany, includes data from 2017 to 2022 and compares a total of 73 elective SAVR patients. Among these, 23 patients were extubated within 6 h (EXT group), while 50 patients remained intubated for over 6 h (INT group). RESULTS The INT group experienced longer postoperative ventilation, needed more vasopressor support, had a higher incidence of postoperative pneumonia, and longer ICU length of stay. No significant differences were noted in overall hospital length of stay, mortality, or ICU readmission rates between the groups. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that early extubation in high-risk, multimorbid surgical aortic valve replacement patients is safe, and is associated with a reduction of pneumonia rates, and with shorter ICU and hospital length of stays, reinforcing the benefits of ERACS protocols, especially critical during the COVID-19 pandemic to optimize intensive care use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fischbach
- Department of Anesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | | | - Steffen B Wiegand
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical school, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lieselotte Ammon
- Department of Anesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rüdger Kopp
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gernot Marx
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rolf Rossaint
- Department of Anesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Payam Akhyari
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gereon Schälte
- Department of Anesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Störmann P, Hörauf JA, Sturm R, Zankena L, Zumsteg JS, Lefering R, Marzi I, Pape HC, Jensen KO. Extremity fractures, attempted suicide, blood transfusion and thromboembolic events are independent risk factors for a prolonged hospital stay in severely injured elderly. Aging Clin Exp Res 2024; 36:161. [PMID: 39110267 PMCID: PMC11306748 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-024-02817-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
METHODS Due to demographic change, the number of polytraumatized geriatric patients (> 64 years) is expected to further increase in the coming years. In addition to the particularities of the accident and the associated injury patterns, prolonged inpatient stays are regularly observed in this group. The aim of the evaluation is to identify further factors that cause prolonged inpatient stays. A study of the data from the TraumaRegister DGU® from 2016-2020 was performed. Inclusion criteria were an age of over 64 years, intensive care treatment in the GAS-region, and an Injury Severity Score (ISS) of at least 16 points. All patients who were above the 80th percentile for the average length of stay or average intensive care stay of the study population were defined as so-called long-stay patients. This resulted in a prolonged inpatient stay of > 25 days and an intensive care stay of > 13 days. Among other, the influence of the cause of the accident, injury patterns according to body regions, the occurrence of complications, and the influence of numerous clinical parameters were examined. RESULTS A total of 23,026 patients with a mean age of 76.6 years and a mean ISS of 24 points were included. Mean ICU length of stay was 11 ± 12.9 days (regular length of stay: 3.9 ± 3.1d vs. prolonged length of stay: 12.8 ± 5.7d) and mean inpatient stay was 22.5 ± 18.9 days (regular length of stay: 20.7 ± 15d vs. 35.7 ± 22.3d). A total of n = 6,447 patients met the criteria for a prolonged length of stay. Among these, patients had one more diagnosis on average (4.6 vs. 5.8 diagnoses) and had a higher ISS (21.8 ± 6 pts. vs. 26.9 ± 9.5 pts.) Independent risk factors for prolonged length of stay were intubation duration greater than 6 days (30-fold increased risk), occurrence of sepsis (4x), attempted suicide (3x), presence of extremity injury (2.3x), occurrence of a thromboembolic event (2.7x), and administration of red blood cell concentrates in the resuscitation room (1.9x). CONCLUSIONS The present analysis identified numerous independent risk factors for significantly prolonged hospitalization of the geriatric polytraumatized patient, which should be given increased attention during treatment. In particular, the need for a smooth transition to psychiatric follow-up treatment or patient-adapted rehabilitative care for geriatric patients with prolonged immobility after extremity injuries is emphasized by these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Störmann
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jason A Hörauf
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ramona Sturm
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lara Zankena
- Department of Trauma, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonin Serafin Zumsteg
- Department of Trauma, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Lefering
- Institute for Research in Operative Medicine (IFOM), University Witten/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hans-Christoph Pape
- Department of Trauma, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kai Oliver Jensen
- Department of Trauma, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Viner Smith E, Lambell K, Tatucu-Babet OA, Ridley E, Chapple LA. Nutrition considerations for patients with persistent critical illness: A narrative review. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2024; 48:658-666. [PMID: 38520657 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Critically ill patients experience high rates of malnutrition and significant muscle loss during their intensive care unit (ICU) admission, impacting recovery. Nutrition is likely to play an important role in mitigating the development and progression of malnutrition and muscle loss observed in ICU, yet definitive clinical trials of nutrition interventions in ICU have failed to show benefit. As improvements in the quality of medical care mean that sicker patients are able to survive the initial insult, combined with an aging and increasingly comorbid population, it is anticipated that ICU length of stay will continue to increase. This review aims to discuss nutrition considerations unique to critically ill patients who have persistent critical illness, defined as an ICU stay of >10 days. A discussion of nutrition concepts relevant to patients with persistent critical illness will include energy and protein metabolism, prescription, and delivery; monitoring of nutrition at the bedside; and the role of the healthcare team in optimizing nutrition support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Viner Smith
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kate Lambell
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Dietetics and Nutrition, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Oana A Tatucu-Babet
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emma Ridley
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Dietetics and Nutrition, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lee-Anne Chapple
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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10
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Herrera-Escobar JP, Lamarre T, Rosen J, Ilkhani S, Haynes AN, Hau K, Jenkins K, Ruske J, Wang JY, Serventi-Gleeson J, Sanchez SE, Kaafarani HM, Velmahos G, Salim A, Levy-Carrick NC, Anderson GA. Determinants of long-term physical and mental health outcomes after intensive care admission for trauma survivors. Am J Surg 2024; 233:72-77. [PMID: 38413351 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2024.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Collectively, studies from medical and surgical intensive care units (ICU) suggest that long-term outcomes are poor for patients who have spent significant time in an ICU. We sought to identify determinants of post-intensive care physical and mental health outcomes 6-12 months after injury. METHODS Adult trauma patients [ISS ≥9] admitted to one of three Level-1 trauma centers were interviewed 6-12 months post-injury to evaluate patient-reported outcomes. Patients requiring ICU admission ≥ 3 days ("ICU patients") were compared with those who did not require ICU admission ("non-ICU patients"). Multivariable regression models were built to identify factors associated with poor outcomes among ICU survivors. RESULTS 2407 patients were followed [598 (25%) ICU and 1809 (75%) non-ICU patients]. Among ICU patients, 506 (85%) reported physical or mental health symptoms. Of them, 265 (52%) had physical symptoms only, 15 (3%) had mental symptoms only, and 226 (45%) had both physical and mental symptoms. In adjusted analyses, compared to non-ICU patients, ICU patients were more likely to have new limitations for ADLs (OR = 1.57; 95% CI = 1.21, 2.03), and worse SF-12 mental (mean Δ = -1.43; 95% CI = -2.79, -0.09) and physical scores (mean Δ = -2.61; 95% CI = -3.93, -1.28). Age, female sex, Black race, lower education level, polytrauma, ventilator use, history of psychiatric illness, and delirium during ICU stay were associated with poor outcomes in the ICU-admitted group. CONCLUSIONS Physical impairment and mental health symptoms following ICU stay are highly prevalent among injury survivors. Modifiable ICU-specific factors such as early liberation from ventilator support and prevention of delirium are potential targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Herrera-Escobar
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Trauma, Burn, and Surgical Critical Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Taylor Lamarre
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jordan Rosen
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Saba Ilkhani
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Trauma, Burn, and Surgical Critical Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ashley N Haynes
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kaman Hau
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kendall Jenkins
- Division of Trauma, Acute Care Surgery & Surgical Critical Care, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jack Ruske
- Division of Trauma, Acute Care Surgery & Surgical Critical Care, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Joyce Y Wang
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jessica Serventi-Gleeson
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Sabrina E Sanchez
- Division of Trauma, Acute Care Surgery & Surgical Critical Care, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Haytham Ma Kaafarani
- Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - George Velmahos
- Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ali Salim
- Division of Trauma, Burn, and Surgical Critical Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Nomi C Levy-Carrick
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Geoffrey A Anderson
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Trauma, Burn, and Surgical Critical Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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11
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Sharma M, Brown AW, Powell NM, Rajaram N, Tong L, Mourani PM, Schootman M. Racial and skin color mediated disparities in pulse oximetry in infants and young children. Paediatr Respir Rev 2024; 50:62-72. [PMID: 38233229 PMCID: PMC11139570 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Race-based and skin pigmentation-related inaccuracies in pulse oximetry have recently been highlighted in several large electronic health record-based retrospective cohort studies across diverse patient populations and healthcare settings. Overestimation of oxygen saturation by pulse oximeters, particularly in hypoxic states, is disparately higher in Black compared to other racial groups. Compared to adult literature, pediatric studies are relatively few and mostly reliant on birth certificates or maternal race-based classification of comparison groups. Neonates, infants, and young children are particularly susceptible to the adverse life-long consequences of hypoxia and hyperoxia. Successful neonatal resuscitation, precise monitoring of preterm and term neonates with predominantly lung pathology, screening for congenital heart defects, and critical decisions on home oxygen, ventilator support and medication therapies, are only a few examples of situations that are highly reliant on the accuracy of pulse oximetry. Undetected hypoxia, especially if systematically different in certain racial groups may delay appropriate therapies and may further perpetuate health care disparities. The role of biological factors that may differ between racial groups, particularly skin pigmentation that may contribute to biased pulse oximeter readings needs further evaluation. Developmental and maturational changes in skin physiology and pigmentation, and its interaction with the operating principles of pulse oximetry need further study. Importantly, clinicians should recognize the limitations of pulse oximetry and use additional objective measures of oxygenation (like co-oximetry measured arterial oxygen saturation) where hypoxia is a concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States; Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States.
| | - Andrew W Brown
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States; Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Nicholas M Powell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Narasimhan Rajaram
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States; Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Lauren Tong
- Clinical Library Services, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Peter M Mourani
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Mario Schootman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
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12
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Slim MA, van Amstel RBE, Bos LDJ, Cremer OL, Wiersinga WJ, van der Poll T, van Vught LA. Inflammatory subphenotypes previously identified in ARDS are associated with mortality at intensive care unit discharge: a secondary analysis of a prospective observational study. Crit Care 2024; 28:151. [PMID: 38715131 PMCID: PMC11077885 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-024-04929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intensive care unit (ICU)-survivors have an increased risk of mortality after discharge compared to the general population. On ICU admission subphenotypes based on the plasma biomarker levels of interleukin-8, protein C and bicarbonate have been identified in patients admitted with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that are prognostic of outcome and predictive of treatment response. We hypothesized that if these inflammatory subphenotypes previously identified among ARDS patients are assigned at ICU discharge in a more general critically ill population, they are associated with short- and long-term outcome. METHODS A secondary analysis of a prospective observational cohort study conducted in two Dutch ICUs between 2011 and 2014 was performed. All patients discharged alive from the ICU were at ICU discharge adjudicated to the previously identified inflammatory subphenotypes applying a validated parsimonious model using variables measured median 10.6 h [IQR, 8.0-31.4] prior to ICU discharge. Subphenotype distribution at ICU discharge, clinical characteristics and outcomes were analyzed. As a sensitivity analysis, a latent class analysis (LCA) was executed for subphenotype identification based on plasma protein biomarkers at ICU discharge reflective of coagulation activation, endothelial cell activation and inflammation. Concordance between the subphenotyping strategies was studied. RESULTS Of the 8332 patients included in the original cohort, 1483 ICU-survivors had plasma biomarkers available and could be assigned to the inflammatory subphenotypes. At ICU discharge 6% (n = 86) was assigned to the hyperinflammatory and 94% (n = 1397) to the hypoinflammatory subphenotype. Patients assigned to the hyperinflammatory subphenotype were discharged with signs of more severe organ dysfunction (SOFA scores 7 [IQR 5-9] vs. 4 [IQR 2-6], p < 0.001). Mortality was higher in patients assigned to the hyperinflammatory subphenotype (30-day mortality 21% vs. 11%, p = 0.005; one-year mortality 48% vs. 28%, p < 0.001). LCA deemed 2 subphenotypes most suitable. ICU-survivors from class 1 had significantly higher mortality compared to class 2. Patients belonging to the hyperinflammatory subphenotype were mainly in class 1. CONCLUSIONS Patients assigned to the hyperinflammatory subphenotype at ICU discharge showed significantly stronger anomalies in coagulation activation, endothelial cell activation and inflammation pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of critical disease and increased mortality until one-year follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen A Slim
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Rombout B E van Amstel
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe D J Bos
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf L Cremer
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W Joost Wiersinga
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lonneke A van Vught
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Koerber DM, Katz JN, Bohula E, Park JG, Dodson MW, Gerber DA, Hillerson D, Liu S, Pierce MJ, Prasad R, Rose SW, Sanchez PA, Shaw J, Wang J, Jentzer JC, Kristin Newby L, Daniels LB, Morrow DA, van Diepen S. Variation in risk-adjusted cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) length of stay and the association with in-hospital mortality: An analysis from the Critical Care Cardiology Trials Network (CCCTN) registry. Am Heart J 2024; 271:28-37. [PMID: 38369218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that there is wide variability in cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) length of stay (LOS); however, these studies are limited by the absence of detailed risk assessment at the time of admission. Thus, we evaluated inter-hospital differences in CICU LOS, and the association between LOS and in-hospital mortality. METHODS Using data from the Critical Care Cardiology Trials Network (CCCTN) registry, we included 22,862 admissions between 2017 and 2022 from 35 primarily tertiary and quaternary CICUs that captured consecutive admissions in annual 2-month snapshots. The primary analysis compared inter-hospital differences in CICU LOS, as well as the association between CICU LOS and all-cause in-hospital mortality using a Fine and Gray competing risk model. RESULTS The overall median CICU LOS was 2.2 (1.1-4.8) days, and the median hospital LOS was 5.9 (2.8-12.3) days. Admissions in the longest tertile of LOS tended to be younger with higher rates of pre-existing comorbidities, and had higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores, as well as higher rates of mechanical ventilation, intravenous vasopressor use, mechanical circulatory support, and renal replacement therapy. Unadjusted all-cause in-hospital mortality was 9.3%, 6.7%, and 13.4% in the lowest, intermediate, and highest CICU LOS tertiles. In a competing risk analysis, individual patient CICU LOS was correlated (r2 = 0.31) with a higher risk of 30-day in-hospital mortality. The relationship remained significant in admissions with heart failure, ST-elevation myocardial infarction and non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS In a large registry of academic CICUs, we observed significant variation in CICU LOS and report that LOS is independently associated with all-cause in-hospital mortality. These findings could potentially be used to improve CICU resource utilization planning and refine risk prognostication in critically ill cardiovascular patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Koerber
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Erin Bohula
- Levine Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, TIMI Study Group, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jeong-Gun Park
- TIMI Study Group, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Mark W Dodson
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT
| | - Daniel A Gerber
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Dustin Hillerson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Shuangbo Liu
- Max Rady College of Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Matthew J Pierce
- North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | | | - Scott W Rose
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Pablo A Sanchez
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Jeffrey Shaw
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Jacob C Jentzer
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - L Kristin Newby
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC
| | - Lori B Daniels
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - David A Morrow
- Levine Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, TIMI Study Group, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sean van Diepen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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14
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Jain S, Gan S, Nguyen OK, Sudore RL, Steinman MA, Covinsky K, Makam AN. Survival, Function, and Cognition After Hospitalization in Long-Term Acute Care Hospitals. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2413309. [PMID: 38805226 PMCID: PMC11134219 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance More than 70 000 Medicare beneficiaries receive care in long-term acute care hospitals (LTCHs) annually for prolonged acute illness. However, little is known about long-term functional and cognitive outcomes of middle-aged and older adults after hospitalization in an LTCH. Objective To describe survival, functional, and cognitive status after LTCH hospitalization and to identify factors associated with an adverse outcome. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study included middle-aged and older adults enrolled in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) with linked fee-for-service Medicare claims. Included participants were aged 50 years or older with an LTCH admission between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2016, with HRS interviews available before admission. Data were analyzed between November 1, 2021, and June 30, 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Function and cognition were ascertained from HRS interviews conducted every 2 years. The primary outcome was death or severe impairment in the 2.5 years after LTCH hospitalization, defined as dependencies in 2 or more activities of daily living (ADLs) or dementia. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to evaluate associations with a priori selected risk factors including pre-LTCH survival prognosis (Lee index score), pre-LTCH impairment status, and illness severity characterized by receipt of mechanical ventilation and prolonged intensive care unit stay of 3 days or longer. Results This study included 396 participants, with a median age of 75 (IQR, 68-82) years. Of the participants, 201 (51%) were women, 125 (28%) had severe impairment, and 318 (80%) died or survived with severe impairment (functional, cognitive, or both) within 2.5 years of LTCH hospitalization. After accounting for acute illness characteristics, prehospitalization survival prognosis as determined by the Lee index score and severe baseline impairment (functional, cognitive, or both) were associated with an increased likelihood of death or severe impairment in the 2.5 years after LTCH hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 3.2 [95% CI, 1.7 to 6.0] for a 5-point increase in Lee index score; and AOR, 4.5 [95% CI, 1.3 to 15.4] for severe vs no impairment). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, 4 of 5 middle-aged and older adults died or survived with severe impairment within 2.5 years of LTCH hospitalization. Better preadmission survival prognosis and functional and cognitive status were associated with lower risk of an adverse outcome, and these findings should inform decision-making for older adults with prolonged acute illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Jain
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Siqi Gan
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Oanh K. Nguyen
- Division of Hospital Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Rebecca L. Sudore
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Michael A. Steinman
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Kenneth Covinsky
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Anil N. Makam
- Division of Hospital Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco
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Wu Y, Wu G, Li M, Chang Y, Yu M, Meng Y, Wan X. Prediction of Th17/Treg cell balance on length of stay in intensive care units of patients with sepsis. JOURNAL OF INTENSIVE MEDICINE 2024; 4:240-246. [PMID: 38681793 PMCID: PMC11043633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jointm.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Background Prolonged length of stay (LOS) of sepsis can drain a hospital's material and human resources. This study investigated the correlations between T helper type 17 (Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) balance with LOS in sepsis. Methods A prospective clinical observational study was designed in Changhai Hospital affiliated to Naval Medical University in Shanghai, China, from January to October 2020. The patients diagnosed with sepsis and who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited and whether the levels of cytokines, procalcitonin, subtypes, and biomarkers of T cells in the peripheral blood were detected. We analyzed the correlation between these and LOS. Results Sixty septic patients were classified into two groups according to whether their intensive care unit (ICU) stay exceeded 14 days. The patients with LOS ≥14 days were older ([72.6±7.5] years vs. [63.3±10.4] years, P=0.015) and had higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) (median [interquartile range]: 6.5 [5.0-11.0] vs. 4.0 [3.0-6.0], P=0.001) and higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores (16.0 [13.0-21.0] vs. 8.5 [7.0-14.0], P=0.001). There was no difference in other demographic characteristics and cytokines, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-10 between the two groups. The Th17/Treg ratio of sepsis with LOS <14 days was considerably lower (0.48 [0.38-0.56] vs. 0.69 [0.51-0.98], P=0.001). For patients with LOS ≥14 days, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the Th17/Treg ratio was 0.766. It improved to 0.840 and 0.850 when combined with the SOFA and APACHE II scores, respectively. Conclusions The Th17/Treg ratio was proportional to septic severity and can be used as a potential predictor of ICU stay in sepsis, presenting a new option for ICU practitioners to better care for patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Guosheng Wu
- Department of Burns, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minyu Li
- Department of Special Needs Clinic, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongqing Chang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojian Wan
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Hung KC, Chen IW, Sun CK. Beneficial effect of transversus thoracic plane blocks on intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay following cardiac surgery: a trial sequential analysis. Int J Surg 2024; 110:2460-2461. [PMID: 38668670 PMCID: PMC11020140 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000001095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Chuan Hung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City
| | - I-Wen Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan City
| | - Cheuk-Kwan Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Dachang Hospital
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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Chin B, Alter N, Wright DD, Arif H, Cruz F, Haddadi M, Hoops H, Elkbuli A. Evaluating the effectiveness and outcomes associated with direct peritoneal resuscitation in damage control surgery patients with and without hemorrhagic shock. Injury 2024; 55:111361. [PMID: 38246013 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2024.111361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This narrative review aims to evaluate the efficacy of adjunct direct peritoneal resuscitation (DPR) in the treatment of adult damage control surgery (DCS) patients both with and without hemorrhagic shock, and its impact on associated outcomes. METHODS PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, ProQuest, and Cochrane were searched for relevant articles published through April 13th, 2023. Studies assessing the utilization of DPR in adult DCS patients were included. Outcomes included time to abdominal closure, intra-abdominal complications, in-hospital mortality, and ICU length of stay (ICU LOS). RESULTS Five studies evaluating 437 patients were included. In patients with hemorrhagic shock, DPR was associated with reduced time to abdominal closure (DPR 4.1 days, control 5.9 days, p = 0.002), intra-abdominal complications including abscess formation (DPR 27 %, control 47 %, p = 0.04), and ICU LOS (DPR 8 days, control 11 days, p = 0.004). Findings in patients without hemorrhagic shock were conflicting. Closure times were decreased in one study (DPR 5.9 days, control 7.7 days, p < 0.02) and increased in another study (DPR 3.5 days, control 2.5 days, p = 0.02), intra-abdominal complications were decreased in one study (DPR 27 %, control 47 %, p = 0.04) and similar in another, and ICU LOS was decreased in one study (DPR 17 days, control 24 days, p < 0.002) and increased in another (DPR 13 days, control 11.4 days, p = 0.807). CONCLUSION In patients with hemorrhagic shock, adjunct DPR is associated with reduced time to abdominal closure, intra-abdominal complications such as abscesses, fistula, bleeding, anastomotic leak, and ICU LOS. Utilization of DPR in patients without hemorrhagic shock showed promising but inconsistent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Chin
- University of Hawaii, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Noah Alter
- NOVA Southeastern University, Kiran Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - D-Dre Wright
- University of Hawaii, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Hassan Arif
- NOVA Southeastern University, Kiran Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Francis Cruz
- University of Alabama School of Medicine, Alabama, USA
| | - Minna Haddadi
- American University of Antigua College of Medicine, Coolidge, Antigua and Barbuda
| | - Heather Hoops
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Critical Care, and Acute Care Surgery, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Adel Elkbuli
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL, USA; Department of Surgical Education, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL, USA.
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18
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Costa MD, Rangasamy V, Behera A, Mathur P, Khera T, Goldberger AL, Subramaniam B. Blood pressure fragmentation as a new measure of blood pressure variability: association with predictors of cardiac surgery outcomes. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1277592. [PMID: 38405117 PMCID: PMC10884313 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1277592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Fluctuations in beat-to-beat blood pressure variability (BPV) encode untapped information of clinical utility. A need exists for developing new methods to quantify the dynamical properties of these fluctuations beyond their mean and variance. Objectives: Introduction of a new beat-to-beat BPV measure, termed blood pressure fragmentation (BPF), and testing of whether increased preoperative BPF is associated with (i) older age; (ii) higher cardiac surgical risk, assessed using the Society of Thoracic Surgeons' (STS) Risk of Morbidity and Mortality index and the European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation Score (EuroSCORE II); and (iii) longer ICU length of stay (LOS) following cardiac surgery. The secondary objective was to use standard BPV measures, specifically, mean, SD, coefficient of variation (CV), average real variability (ARV), as well a short-term scaling index, the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) ⍺1 exponent, in the same type of analyses to compare the results with those obtained using BPF. Methods: Consecutive sample of 497 adult patients (72% male; age, median [inter-quartile range]: 67 [59-75] years) undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Fragmentation, standard BPV and DFA ⍺1 measures were derived from preoperative systolic blood pressure (SBP) time series obtained from radial artery recordings. Results: Increased preoperative systolic BPF was associated with older age, higher STS Risk of Morbidity and Mortality and EuroSCORE II values, and longer ICU LOS in all models. Specifically, a one-SD increase in systolic BPF (9%) was associated with a 26% (13%-40%) higher likelihood of longer ICU LOS (>2 days). Among the other measures, only ARV and DFA ⍺1 tended to be associated with longer ICU LOS. However, the associations did not reach significance in the most adjusted models. Conclusion: Preoperative BPF was significantly associated with preoperative predictors of cardiac surgical outcomes as well as with ICU LOS. Our findings encourage future studies of preoperative BPF for assessment of health status and risk stratification of surgical and non-surgical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena D. Costa
- Margret and H. A. Rey Institute for Nonlinear Dynamics in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Valluvan Rangasamy
- Sadhguru Center for a Conscious Planet, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alkananda Behera
- Sadhguru Center for a Conscious Planet, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Priyam Mathur
- Sadhguru Center for a Conscious Planet, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tanvi Khera
- Sadhguru Center for a Conscious Planet, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ary L. Goldberger
- Margret and H. A. Rey Institute for Nonlinear Dynamics in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Balachundhar Subramaniam
- Sadhguru Center for a Conscious Planet, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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19
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Chawla M, Baselice H, Negash R, Helkin A, Young A. Adjusting the Split: Examining Complications After Emergency Exploratory Laparotomy in Older Adults. J Surg Res 2024; 294:58-65. [PMID: 37864960 PMCID: PMC10841194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Older adults experience higher rates of complications after an emergency exploratory laparotomy (EEL). To better understand the shift to an aging population in the United States, identifying how age may influence these complications in older patients is important. The current standard age category for older adult patients is ≥65. We analyzed postlaparotomy complications using a lower age split. METHODS A retrospective analysis was done on patients who required an EEL from October 2015 to December 2019 at an academic medical center. Patient demographics and hospital course variables were collected. Differences in complications in patients aged ≥/<55 y and ≥/<65 y were measured using univariate and multivariable analyses. RESULTS A total of 481 patients were reviewed. Both patient groups of ≥55 and ≥65 were typically male, White, had 3+ comorbidities, Medicare insurance, were retired, and presented in extremis to the emergency department. Patients aged ≥55 y had significant rates of pulmonary complications and inpatient mortality (odds ratio 2.2, 2.7, respectively). Patients aged ≥65 y had significant rates of genitourinary and cardiac complications (odds ratio 2.3, 1.8, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Patients aged ≥55 y undergoing EEL had higher odds of experiencing pulmonary complications and death during their index hospitalizations, which was not present with the standard ≥/<65-y-old patient analysis. Those aged ≥65 y experienced index genitourinary and cardiac complications. The ≥/<55 age split has a unique set of complications that should be considered. Given the increased odds of inpatient mortality and types of complications in patients aged ≥55 y, the current age split for older adults should be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehak Chawla
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Holly Baselice
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Rosa Negash
- The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Alex Helkin
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Andrew Young
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
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20
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Chedid M, Shroff GR, Iqbal O, Adabag S, Karim RM. Temporary-permanent pacemakers are associated with better clinical and safety outcomes compared to balloon-tipped temporary pacemakers. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2024; 47:203-210. [PMID: 38240391 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Balloon Tipped Temporary Pacemakers (BTTP) are the most used temporary pacemakers; however, they are associated with a risk of dislodgement and thromboembolism. Recently, Temporary Permanent Pacemakers (TPPM) have been increasingly used. Evidence of outcomes with TPPM compared to BTTP remains scarce. METHODS Retrospective, chart review study evaluating all patients who underwent temporary pacemaker placement between 2014 and 2022 (N = 126) in the cardiac catheterization laboratory (CCL) at a level 1 trauma center. Primary outcome of this study is to evaluate the safety profile of TPPM versus BTTP. Secondary objectives include patient ambulation and healthcare utilization in patients with temporary pacemakers. RESULTS Both groups had similar baseline characteristics distribution including gender, race, and age at temporary pacemaker insertion (p > .05). Subclavian vein was the most common site of access for the TPPM cohort (89.0%) versus the femoral vein in the BTTP group (65.1%). Ambulation was only possible in the TPPM group (55.6%, p < .001). Lead dislodgement, venous thromboembolism, local hematoma, and access site infections were less frequently encountered in the TPPM group (OR = 0.23 [95% CI (0.10-0.67), p < .001]). Within the subgroup of patients with TPPM, 36.6% of the patients were monitored outside the ICU setting. There was no significant difference in the pacemaker-related adverse events among patients with TPPM based on their in-hospital setting. CONCLUSION TPPM is associated with a more favorable safety profile compared to BTTP. They are also associated with earlier patient ambulation and reduced healthcare utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroun Chedid
- Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gautam R Shroff
- Division of Cardiology, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Omer Iqbal
- Division of Cardiology, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Selçuk Adabag
- Division of Cardiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Division of Cardiology, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rehan M Karim
- Division of Cardiology, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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21
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Zhao L, Xu WK, Wang Y, Lu WY, Wu Y, Hu R. Development and clinical empirical validation of the chronic critical illness prognosis prediction model. Technol Health Care 2024; 32:977-987. [PMID: 37545280 DOI: 10.3233/thc-230359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evolution of critical care medicine and nursing has aided and enabled the rescue of a large number of patients from numerous life-threatening diseases. However, in many cases, patient health may not be quickly restored, and the long-term prognosis may not be optimistic. OBJECTIVES In this study, we aimed to develop and validate a prediction model for accurate, precise, and objective identification of the severity of chronic critical illness (CCI) in patients. METHODS We used a retrospective case-control and prospective cohort study with no interventions. Patients diagnosed with CCI admitted to the ICU of a large metropolitan public hospital were selected. In the case-control study, 344 patients (case: 172; control:172) were enrolled to develop the prognosis prediction model of chronic critical illness (PPCCI Model); 88 patients (case:44; control: 44) in a prospective cohort study, served as the validation cohort. The discrimination of the model was measured using the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). RESULTS Age, prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV), sepsis or other severe infections, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), mean artery pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), oxygenation index (OI), and active bleeding were the nine predictors included in the model. In both cohorts, the PPCCI model outperformed the Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II), Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS), and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) in identifying deceased patients with CCI (development cohort: AUC, 0.934; 95%CI, 0.908-0.960; validation cohort: AUC, 0.965; 95% CI, 0.931-0.999). CONCLUSION The PPCCI model can provide ICU medical staff with a standardized measurement tool for assessing the condition of patients with CCI, enabling them to allocate ward monitoring resources rationally and communicate with family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wen-Kui Xu
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wei-Yan Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Foot and Ankle Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Rong Hu
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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22
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Angriman F, Ferreyro BL, Harhay MO, Wunsch H, Rosella LC, Scales DC. Accounting for Competing Events When Evaluating Long-Term Outcomes in Survivors of Critical Illness. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 208:1158-1165. [PMID: 37769125 PMCID: PMC10868356 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202305-0790cp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical trajectory of survivors of critical illness after hospital discharge can be complex and highly unpredictable. Assessing long-term outcomes after critical illness can be challenging because of possible competing events, such as all-cause death during follow-up (which precludes the occurrence of an event of particular interest). In this perspective, we explore challenges and methodological implications of competing events during the assessment of long-term outcomes in survivors of critical illness. In the absence of competing events, researchers evaluating long-term outcomes commonly use the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model to analyze time-to-event (survival) data. However, traditional analytical and modeling techniques can yield biased estimates in the presence of competing events. We present different estimands of interest and the use of different analytical approaches, including changes to the outcome of interest, Fine and Gray regression models, cause-specific Cox proportional hazards models, and generalized methods (such as inverse probability weighting). Finally, we provide code and a simulated dataset to exemplify the application of the different analytical strategies in addition to overall reporting recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Angriman
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, and
| | - Bruno L. Ferreyro
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, and
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael O. Harhay
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hannah Wunsch
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, and
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Laura C. Rosella
- Epidemiology Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
- Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Damon C. Scales
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, and
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
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23
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Kari KA, Wan Muhd Shukeri WF, Yaacob NM, Li AY, Zaini RH, Mazlan MZ. Prevalence and Outcome of Sepsis: Mortality and Prolonged Intensive Care Unit Stay among Sepsis Patients Admitted to a Tertiary Centre in Malaysia. Malays J Med Sci 2023; 30:120-132. [PMID: 38239259 PMCID: PMC10793138 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2023.30.6.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis and septic shock are the leading causes of critical care-related mortality worldwide. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of sepsis, its intensive care unit (ICU) mortality rate and the factors associated with both ICU mortality and prolonged stay. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted from January 2019 to December 2019 with adult patients presenting evidence of sepsis who were admitted to the ICU. Parameters were assessed in the ICU to determine the association with all-cause ICU mortality and prolonged stay. Results Out of 607 adults, 292 with sepsis were admitted to the ICU in 2019, with a mean age of 50.98 (standard deviation [SD] = 17.75) years old. There was, thus, a 48% incidence of sepsis. Mortality was observed in 78 patients (mortality rate = 26.7%) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 21.7, 32.2). Patients with higher Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores had lower odds of ICU mortality (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.98; P = 0.019), while patients with higher sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores had higher odds (adjusted OR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.35; P < 0.001). Eighty patients (37.4%) who survived had prolonged ICU stays (95% CI: 30.9, 44.2). Patients with higher albumin levels had lower odds of a prolonged ICU stay (adjusted OR = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90, 0.98; P = 0.006) and patients on renal replacement therapy had higher odds of a prolonged ICU stay (adjusted OR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.74, 7.12; P < 0.001). Conclusion Our study identified a sepsis prevalence of 48% and an ICU mortality rate of 26.7% among adult patients admitted to the ICU. GCS and SOFA scores were the most important factors associated with ICU mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamaliah Azzma Kari
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wan Fadzlina Wan Muhd Shukeri
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Najib Majdi Yaacob
- Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Andrew Yunkai Li
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Rhendra Hardy Zaini
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zulfakar Mazlan
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
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24
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Concepcion J, Newsome K, Alfaro S, Selvakumar S, Sen-Crowe B, Vallejo K, Andrade R, Yeager M, Kornblith L, Bilski T, Elkbuli A. Nationwide Analysis of Biomechanics of Motor Vehicle Collisions Involving Passenger Vehicle and Associated Outcomes: Towards Improving Vehicle Safety Standards and Regulations. Am Surg 2023; 89:4360-4366. [PMID: 35762303 DOI: 10.1177/00031348221111511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) pose significant mortality and economic burden on the United States. Biomechanics research may guide future vehicle innovation. The objective of this study is to investigate the biomechanics of two-vehicle MVCs involving passenger vehicle (PV) to evaluate associated injury patterns and outcomes including mortality. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of cases from the Crash Injury Research Engineering Network database was performed to evaluate the biomechanics (angle of impact, seatbelt use, and airbag deployment) of two-vehicle MVCs involving at least one PV from 2005-2015. RESULTS Out of 629 MVCs evaluated, lateral collisions were most common (49.5%), followed by head-on (41.3%) and rear-end (9.2%) collisions. Thoracic injuries accounted for 30.1%, 31.4%, and 31.1% of injuries in lateral, head-on, and rear-end collisions, respectively, and were the most common body region injured for all collision types. Seatbelt use was associated with shorter ICU stay (10.9 vs 19.1 days, P = .036) and mortality (Cramer's V = .224, P < .001), but a greater average number of injuries (10.2 injuries vs 8.6 injuries, P = .011). CONCLUSION Passenger vehicle are commonly involved in MVCs nationwide and efforts are needed to prevent occupant injuries and fatalities. The incorporation of energy-absorbing material into common points of contact within the vehicle interior may decrease the severity of these injuries. Seatbelt use remains a protective factor against MVC-fatalities but is associated with collateral injuries and should be a focus of further innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Newsome
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sophie Alfaro
- A.T. Still University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Mesa, AZ, USA
| | - Sruthi Selvakumar
- Dr Kiran, C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, NSU NOVA Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Brendon Sen-Crowe
- Dr Kiran, C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, NSU NOVA Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Kevin Vallejo
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ryan Andrade
- A.T. Still University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Mesa, AZ, USA
| | - Matthew Yeager
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lucy Kornblith
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tracy Bilski
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL, USA
- Department of Surgical Education, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Adel Elkbuli
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL, USA
- Department of Surgical Education, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL, USA
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25
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Bhaskhar N, Ip W, Chen JH, Rubin DL. Clinical outcome prediction using observational supervision with electronic health records and audit logs. J Biomed Inform 2023; 147:104522. [PMID: 37827476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2023.104522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Audit logs in electronic health record (EHR) systems capture interactions of providers with clinical data. We determine if machine learning (ML) models trained using audit logs in conjunction with clinical data ("observational supervision") outperform ML models trained using clinical data alone in clinical outcome prediction tasks, and whether they are more robust to temporal distribution shifts in the data. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using clinical and audit log data from Stanford Healthcare, we trained and evaluated various ML models including logistic regression, support vector machine (SVM) classifiers, neural networks, random forests, and gradient boosted machines (GBMs) on clinical EHR data, with and without audit logs for two clinical outcome prediction tasks: major adverse kidney events within 120 days of ICU admission (MAKE-120) in acute kidney injury (AKI) patients and 30-day readmission in acute stroke patients. We further tested the best performing models using patient data acquired during different time-intervals to evaluate the impact of temporal distribution shifts on model performance. RESULTS Performance generally improved for all models when trained with clinical EHR data and audit log data compared with those trained with only clinical EHR data, with GBMs tending to have the overall best performance. GBMs trained with clinical EHR data and audit logs outperformed GBMs trained without audit logs in both clinical outcome prediction tasks: AUROC 0.88 (95% CI: 0.85-0.91) vs. 0.79 (95% CI: 0.77-0.81), respectively, for MAKE-120 prediction in AKI patients, and AUROC 0.74 (95% CI: 0.71-0.77) vs. 0.63 (95% CI: 0.62-0.64), respectively, for 30-day readmission prediction in acute stroke patients. The performance of GBM models trained using audit log and clinical data degraded less in later time-intervals than models trained using only clinical data. CONCLUSION Observational supervision with audit logs improved the performance of ML models trained to predict important clinical outcomes in patients with AKI and acute stroke, and improved robustness to temporal distribution shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Bhaskhar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Wui Ip
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jonathan H Chen
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Hospital Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Clinical Excellence Research Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel L Rubin
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
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26
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Cambriel A, Choisy B, Hedou J, Bonnet MP, Fellous S, Lefevre JH, Voron T, Gaudillière D, Kin C, Gaudillière B, Verdonk F. Impact of preoperative uni- or multimodal prehabilitation on postoperative morbidity: meta-analysis. BJS Open 2023; 7:zrad129. [PMID: 38108466 PMCID: PMC10726416 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrad129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative complications occur in up to 43% of patients after surgery, resulting in increased morbidity and economic burden. Prehabilitation has the potential to increase patients' preoperative health status and thereby improve postoperative outcomes. However, reported results of prehabilitation are contradictory. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the effects of prehabilitation on postoperative outcomes (postoperative complications, hospital length of stay, pain at postoperative day 1) in patients undergoing elective surgery. METHODS The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs published between January 2006 and June 2023 comparing prehabilitation programmes lasting ≥14 days to 'standard of care' (SOC) and reporting postoperative complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Database searches were conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO. The primary outcome examined was the effect of uni- or multimodal prehabilitation on 30-day complications. Secondary outcomes were length of ICU and hospital stay (LOS) and reported pain scores. RESULTS Twenty-five studies (including 2090 patients randomized in a 1:1 ratio) met the inclusion criteria. Average methodological study quality was moderate. There was no difference between prehabilitation and SOC groups in regard to occurrence of postoperative complications (OR = 1.02, 95% c.i. 0.93 to 1.13; P = 0.10; I2 = 34%), total hospital LOS (-0.13 days; 95% c.i. -0.56 to 0.28; P = 0.53; I2 = 21%) or reported postoperative pain. The ICU LOS was significantly shorter in the prehabilitation group (-0.57 days; 95% c.i. -1.10 to -0.04; P = 0.03; I2 = 46%). Separate comparison of uni- and multimodal prehabilitation showed no difference for either intervention. CONCLUSION Prehabilitation reduces ICU LOS compared with SOC in elective surgery patients but has no effect on overall complication rates or total LOS, regardless of modality. Prehabilitation programs need standardization and specific targeting of those patients most likely to benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Cambriel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- GRC 29, DMU DREAM, Sorbonne University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Benjamin Choisy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Julien Hedou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Marie-Pierre Bonnet
- GRC 29, DMU DREAM, Sorbonne University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Trousseau Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Obstetrical Perinatal and Paediatric Epidemiology Research Team, Université Paris Cité, CRESS, EPOPé, INSERM, INRA, Paris, France
| | - Souad Fellous
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jérémie H Lefevre
- Sorbonne University and Department of Digestive Surgery, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Thibault Voron
- Sorbonne University and Department of Digestive Surgery, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Dyani Gaudillière
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Cindy Kin
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Brice Gaudillière
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Franck Verdonk
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- GRC 29, DMU DREAM, Sorbonne University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Aamodt WW, Dahodwala N, Bilker WB, Farrar JT, Willis AW. Unique characteristics of end-of-life hospitalizations in Parkinson disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1254969. [PMID: 37901789 PMCID: PMC10600520 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1254969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Persons with Parkinson disease (PD) are hospitalized at higher rates, have longer lengths of stay, and are more likely to die in the hospital than age-matched peers. Although prior studies have compared inpatient outcomes between persons with and without PD, little is known about inpatient outcomes across the PD trajectory, or whether hospitalizations occurring in the last 6 months of life differ from earlier hospitalizations. Methods This cross-sectional study compared Medicare Part A and B beneficiaries aged 65 and older with a qualifying PD diagnosis who were hospitalized in 2017: decedents who died between 7/1/2017 and 12/31/2017 from all causes and were hospitalized at least once in their last 6 months of life, and non-decedents who were hospitalized between 1/1/2017 and 6/30/2017 and lived 6 or more months after discharge. End-of-life (EoL) hospitalizations were defined as those occurring in the last 6 months of life. Descriptive analyses compared patient-level variables (e.g., demographics, comorbidities, treatment intensity) and encounter-level variables (e.g., length of stay, total charges) between groups. Multivariable logistic regression models also compared rates of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and 30-day readmission between hospitalized decedents and hospitalized non-decedents, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, rural residence, and Charlson Comorbidity Index Score. Results Of 26,492 Medicare decedents with PD, 16,187 (61.1%) were hospitalized in their last 6 months of life. Of 347,512 non-decedents with PD, 62,851 (18.1%) were hospitalized in a 6-month period. Hospitalized decedents were slightly older than hospitalized non-decedents (82.3 [SD 7.40] vs. 79.5 [SD 7.54] years) and had significantly more comorbidities. Compared to non-EoL hospitalizations, EoL hospitalizations were slightly longer (5 [IQR 3-9] vs. 4 [IQR 3-7] days) and more expensive based on total charges per admission ($36,323 [IQR 20,091-69,048] vs. $32,309 [IQR 18,789-57,756]). In covariate-adjusted regression models using hospitalized non-decedents as the reference group, hospitalized decedents were more likely to experience an ICU admission (AOR 2.36; CI 2.28-2.45) and 30-day readmission (AOR 2.43; CI 2.34-2.54). Discussion Hospitalizations occurring in the last 6 months of life among persons with PD in the United States are longer, more costly, and more resource intensive than earlier hospitalizations and may stem from medical comorbidities. Once hospitalized, ICU admission and 30-day readmission may aid in prognostication and serve as markers of transition to the EoL period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitley W. Aamodt
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Translational Center of Excellence for Neuroepidemiology and Neurology Outcomes Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nabila Dahodwala
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Translational Center of Excellence for Neuroepidemiology and Neurology Outcomes Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Warren B. Bilker
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - John T. Farrar
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Allison W. Willis
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Translational Center of Excellence for Neuroepidemiology and Neurology Outcomes Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Zeiner C, Schröder M, Metzner S, Herrmann J, Notz Q, Hottenrott S, Röder D, Meybohm P, Lepper PM, Lotz C. High-dose methylprednisolone pulse therapy during refractory COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome: a retrospective observational study. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:368. [PMID: 37789367 PMCID: PMC10546709 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02664-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current COVID-19 guidelines recommend the early use of systemic corticoids for COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It remains unknown if high-dose methylprednisolone pulse therapy (MPT) ameliorates refractory COVID-19 ARDS after many days of mechanical ventilation or rapid deterioration with or without extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). METHODS This is a retrospective observational study. Consecutive patients with COVID-19 ARDS treated with a parenteral high-dose methylprednisolone pulse therapy at the intensive care units (ICU) of two University Hospitals between January 1st 2021 and November 30st 2022 were included. Clinical data collection was at ICU admission, start of MPT, 3-, 10- and 14-days post MPT. RESULTS Thirty-seven patients (mean age 55 ± 12 years) were included in the study. MPT started at a mean of 17 ± 12 days after mechanical ventilation. Nineteen patients (54%) received ECMO support when commencing MPT. Mean paO2/FiO2 significantly improved 3- (p = 0.034) and 10 days (p = 0.0313) post MPT. The same applied to the necessary FiO2 10 days after MPT (p = 0.0240). There were no serious infectious complications. Twenty-four patients (65%) survived to ICU discharge, including 13 out of 20 (65%) needing ECMO support. CONCLUSIONS Late administration of high-dose MPT in a critical subset of refractory COVID-19 ARDS patients improved respiratory function and was associated with a higher-than-expected survival of 65%. These data suggest that high-dose MPT may be a viable salvage therapy in refractory COVID-19 ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Zeiner
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Saarland University Hospital, Kirrbergerstr. 100, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Malte Schröder
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Selina Metzner
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Saarland University Hospital, Kirrbergerstr. 100, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Johannes Herrmann
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Quirin Notz
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hottenrott
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Röder
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Meybohm
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp M Lepper
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Saarland University Hospital, Kirrbergerstr. 100, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Christopher Lotz
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
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Zebley JA, Wanersdorfer K, Chang P, Schwartz R, Forssten MP, Cao Y, Mohseni S, Sarani B, Kartiko S. Early Tracheostomy in Older Trauma Patient Is Associated With Comparable Outcomes to Younger Cohort. J Surg Res 2023; 290:178-187. [PMID: 37269801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early tracheostomy (ET) is associated with a lower incidence of pneumonia (PNA) and mechanical ventilation duration (MVD) in hospitalized patients with trauma. The purpose of this study is to determine if ET also benefits older adults compared to the younger cohort. METHODS Adult hospitalized trauma patients who received a tracheostomy as registered in The American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program from 2013 to 2019 were analyzed. Patients with tracheostomy prior to admission were excluded. Patients were stratified into 2 cohorts consisting of those aged ≥65 and those aged <65. These cohorts were analyzed separately to compare the outcomes of ET (<5 d; ET) versus late tracheostomy (LT) (≥5 d; LT). The primary outcome was MVD. Secondary outcomes were in-hospital mortality, hospital length of stay (HLOS), and PNA. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed with significance defined as P value < 0.05. RESULTS In patients aged <65, ET was performed within a median of 2.3 d (interquartile range, 0.47-3.8) after intubation and a median of 9.9 d (interquartile range, 7.5-13) in the LT group. The ET group's Injury Severity Score was significantly lower with fewer comorbidities. There were no differences in injury severity or comorbidities when comparing the groups. ET was associated with lower MVD (d), PNA, and HLOS on univariate and multivariate analyses in both age cohorts, although the degree of benefit was higher in the less than 65 y cohort [ET versus LT MVD: 5.08 (4.78-5.37), P < 0.001; PNA: 1.45 (1.36-1.54), P < 0.001; HLOS: 5.48 (4.93-6.04), P < 0.001]. Mortality did not differ based on time to tracheostomy. CONCLUSIONS ET is associated with lower MVD, PNA, and HLOS in hospitalized patients with trauma regardless of age. Age should not factor into timing for tracheostomy placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Zebley
- Department of Surgery, Center for Trauma and Critical Care, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Karen Wanersdorfer
- Department of Surgery, Center for Trauma and Critical Care, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Parker Chang
- Department of Surgery, Center for Trauma and Critical Care, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Rachel Schwartz
- Department of Surgery, Center for Trauma and Critical Care, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Maximilian Peter Forssten
- School of Medical Sciences, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden; Division of Trauma & Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, Orebro University Hospital, Orebro, Sweden
| | - Yang Cao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden
| | - Shahin Mohseni
- School of Medical Sciences, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden; Division of Trauma & Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, Orebro University Hospital, Orebro, Sweden
| | - Babak Sarani
- Department of Surgery, Center for Trauma and Critical Care, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Susan Kartiko
- Department of Surgery, Center for Trauma and Critical Care, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia.
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Hobbs FDR, Montgomery H, Padilla F, Simón-Campos JA, Kim K, Arbetter D, Padilla KW, Reddy VP, Seegobin S, Streicher K, Templeton A, Viani RM, Johnsson E, Koh GCKW, Esser MT. Outpatient Treatment with AZD7442 (Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab) Prevented COVID-19 Hospitalizations over 6 Months and Reduced Symptom Progression in the TACKLE Randomized Trial. Infect Dis Ther 2023; 12:2269-2287. [PMID: 37751015 PMCID: PMC10581960 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-023-00861-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We assessed effects of AZD7442 (tixagevimab/cilgavimab) on deaths from any cause or hospitalizations due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and symptom severity and longer-term safety in the TACKLE adult outpatient treatment study. METHODS Participants received 600 mg AZD7442 (n = 452) or placebo (n = 451) ≤ 7 days of COVID-19 symptom onset. RESULTS Death from any cause or hospitalization for COVID-19 complications or sequelae through day 169 (key secondary endpoint) occurred in 20/399 (5.0%) participants receiving AZD7442 versus 40/407 (9.8%) receiving placebo [relative risk reduction (RRR) 49.1%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 14.5, 69.7; p = 0.009] or 50.7% (95% CI 17.5, 70.5; p = 0.006) after excluding participants unblinded before day 169 for consideration of vaccination). AZD7442 reduced progression of COVID-19 symptoms versus placebo through to day 29 (RRR 12.5%; 95% CI 0.5, 23.0) and improved most symptoms within 1-2 weeks. Over median safety follow-up of 170 days, adverse events occurred in 174 (38.5%) and 196 (43.5%) participants receiving AZD7442 or placebo, respectively. Cardiac serious adverse events occurred in two (0.4%) and three (0.7%) participants receiving AZD7442 or placebo, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AZD7442 was well tolerated and reduced hospitalization and mortality through 6 months, and symptom burden through 29 days, in outpatients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04723394. ( https://beta. CLINICALTRIALS gov/study/NCT04723394 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- F D Richard Hobbs
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hugh Montgomery
- Department of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Francisco Padilla
- Centro de Investigación en Cardiología y Metabolismo, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | | | - Douglas Arbetter
- Biometrics, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelly W Padilla
- Clinical Development, Late-Stage Development, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Venkatesh Pilla Reddy
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Seth Seegobin
- Biometrics, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katie Streicher
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Alison Templeton
- Biometrics, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rolando M Viani
- Late-Stage Development, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Eva Johnsson
- Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gavin C K W Koh
- Clinical Development, Late-Stage Development, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark T Esser
- Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA.
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31
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Atherton J, Abdrabbo M, Kassab H. Impact of Abrupt Interruption of Home Psychotropic Medications at ICU Admission. J Pharm Technol 2023; 39:199-204. [PMID: 37529150 PMCID: PMC10387813 DOI: 10.1177/87551225231182286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Abrupt discontinuation of home psychotropic medications is common among critically ill patients but may precipitate clinically significant withdrawal. Objective: To determine the percent of patients with interruptions in home psychotropic medications upon intensive care unit (ICU) admission and to identify outcomes associated with these interruptions. Methods: This was an institutional review board-approved, single-center, retrospective study of critically ill patients with a history of mental illness taking an antipsychotic or antidepressant medication. The primary outcome was the percent of patients with interruption in at least one home psychotropic medication for ≥24 hours upon ICU admission. Secondary outcomes included time to psychotropic re-initiation, percent of home psychotropic medications restarted in the ICU, ICU length of stay (LOS), delirium, withdrawal-related complications, need for acute antipsychotics or benzodiazepines, and reasons for psychotropic interruption. Results: Among 183 patients, 93 (50.8%) had interruptions in home psychotropic therapy for ≥24 hours upon ICU admission. Mean time to reinitiation of at least one psychotropic agent was 1.4 days, and 16.4% of patients did not have any home psychotropics restarted. Patients with psychotropic interruption had a longer ICU LOS (P = 0.01) and greater incidence of ICU delirium (P < 0.01). Withdrawal-related complications were similar between groups. Acute antipsychotic use was greater in patients with psychotropic interruption (P < 0.01). Acute benzodiazepine use was not different between groups (P = 0.87). Most patients did not have a documented reason for therapy interruption. Conclusion and Relevance: Unless contraindicated, clinicians should attempt to restart home psychotropic medications as soon as possible in critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Atherton
- Department of Pharmacy, St. Joseph’s University Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | - Maryam Abdrabbo
- Department of Pharmacy, St. Joseph’s University Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | - Hagar Kassab
- Department of Pharmacy, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
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32
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Fatemi B, Rezaei S, Peikanpour M, Dastan F, Saffaei A. Efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Res Pharm Sci 2023; 18:346-357. [PMID: 37614613 PMCID: PMC10443666 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.378082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Though controversial, many clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) in COVID-19 cases. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis have been performed to evaluate the efficacy of IVIG in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Experimental approach A systematic search was performed in electronic databases and preprint servers up to November 20, 2021. Since substantial heterogeneity was expected, a random-effects model was applied to pool effect size from included studies to calculate the standardized mean differences (SMDs) for the continuous variables and relative risks (RRs) for the dichotomous variable with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Findings/Results Five randomized clinical trials and seven cohort studies were analyzed among the 12 eligible studies with a total of 2,156 patients. The pooled RR of mortality was 0.77 (CI 0.59-1.01, P-value = 0.06), and of mechanical ventilation was 1.50 (CI 0.29-7.83; P-value = 0.63) in the IVIG group compared with the standard care group. The pooled SMD of hospital length of stay was 0.84 (CI -0.43-2.11; P-value = 0.20) and of ICU length of stay was -0.07 (CI -0.92-0.78; P-value = 0.86) in the IVIG group compared with the standard care group. Conclusion and implications This meta-analysis found that the IVIG therapy was not statistically different from the standard care group. Mortality, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay, and length of ICU stay were not significantly improved among IVIG recipients. However, statistical indifference is not equal to clinical indifference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Fatemi
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Rezaei
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Peikanpour
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Dastan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Saffaei
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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33
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Mezzacappa FM, Weisbrod LJ, Schmidt CM, Surdell D. Neuroendoscopic Evacuation Improves Outcomes Compared with External Ventricular Drainage in Patients with Spontaneous Intraventricular Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses. World Neurosurg 2023; 175:e247-e253. [PMID: 36958716 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spontaneous intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality. Treatment for resulting obstructive hydrocephalus has traditionally been via an external ventricular drain (EVD). We aimed to compare patient outcomes after neuroendoscopic surgery (NES) evacuation of IVH versus EVD management. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched on October 8, 2022. Of the 252 records remaining after removal of duplicates, 12 met study inclusion criteria. After extraction of outcomes data, fixed-effect and random-effects models were used to establish odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for intensive care unit length of stay, rate of permanent cerebrospinal fluid diversion, Glasgow Outcome Scale score, and mortality rate. RESULTS The results of the pooled analysis showed that intensive care unit length of stay was shorter (OR -2.61 [95% CI -5.02, -0.19]; I2 = 97.76%; P = 0.034), permanent cerebrospinal fluid diversion was less likely (OR -0.79, 95% CI [-1.17, -0.41], I2 = 46.96%, P < 0.001), higher Glasgow Outcome Scale score was more likely (OR 0.48, 95% CI [0.04, 0.93], I2 = 60.12%, P = 0.032), and all-cause mortality was less likely (OR -1.11, 95% CI [-1.79, -0.44], I2 = 0%, P = 0.001) in the NES evacuation group compared with the EVD group. CONCLUSIONS NES for evacuation of spontaneous IVH results in reduced intensive care unit length of stay, reduced permanent cerebrospinal fluid diversion rates, improved Glasgow Outcome Scale score, and reduced mortality when compared with EVD. More robust prospective, randomized studies are necessary to help inform the safety and utility of NES for IVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank M Mezzacappa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
| | - Luke J Weisbrod
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Cindy M Schmidt
- McGoogan Health Sciences Library, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Daniel Surdell
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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34
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Vlad ND, Dumea E, Cambrea CS, Puscasu CG, Ionescu C, Averian B, Mihai RV, Dumitru A, Dumitru IM. Risk factors in non‑surviving patients with infection with carbapenemase‑producing Enterobacterales strains in an intensive care unit. MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL 2023; 3:30. [PMID: 37359053 PMCID: PMC10288429 DOI: 10.3892/mi.2023.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) are Gram-negative bacteria that belong to the Enterobacterales family and produce enzymes known as carbapenemases, which inhibit carbapenems, cephalosporins and penicillins. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are resistant to carbapenems, cephalosporins and penicillins via mechanisms that may or may not produce carbapenemases. The identification of carbapenems is critical for the initiation of proper antibiotic therapy. The present case-control, retrospective study included 64 patients with CPE strains admitted to an intensive care unit between September, 2017 and October, 2021; of these, 34 patients with CPE succumbed and 30 control patients with CPE strains survived. CPE strains in the deceased patients were caused by Klebsiella spp. in 31 cases (91.2%) and Escherichia coli in 3 cases (8.8%). The univariate analysis revealed that the predictive factors associated with mortality in patients with CPE were admission with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (P=0.001), invasive mechanical ventilation (P=0.001), and treatment with corticosteroids (P=0.006). The multivariate analysis revealed that admission with COVID-19 [odds ratio (OR), 16.26; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.56-74.14; P≤0.05] and invasive mechanical ventilation (OR, 14.98; 95% CI, 1.35-166.22; P≤0.05) were associated with mortality as independent risk factors. Admission with COVID-19 increased the risk of mortality 16.26-fold and invasive mechanical ventilation increased the risk of mortality by 14.98-fold. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that the length of hospital duration in patients who acquired CPE did not influence mortality, whereas infection with COVID-19 increased and invasive mechanical ventilation were associated with an increased risk of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta-Dorina Vlad
- Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital of Constanta, 900709 Constan£a, Romania
- Military Emergency Hospital Constanta, 900228 Constan£a, Romania
- Doctoral School of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constan£a, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Elena Dumea
- Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital of Constanta, 900709 Constan£a, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constan£a, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Claudia-Simona Cambrea
- Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital of Constanta, 900709 Constan£a, Romania
- Doctoral School of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constan£a, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constan£a, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | | | - Constantin Ionescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constan£a, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Bianca Averian
- Doctoral School of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constan£a, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Raluca-Vasilica Mihai
- Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital of Constanta, 900709 Constan£a, Romania
- Doctoral School of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constan£a, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Andrei Dumitru
- Doctoral School of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constan£a, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Irina-Magdalena Dumitru
- Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital of Constanta, 900709 Constan£a, Romania
- Doctoral School of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constan£a, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constan£a, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Romania Academy of Sciences, 50085 Bucharest, Romania
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35
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Mbous YPV, Brothers T, Al-Mamun MA. Medication Regimen Complexity Index Score at Admission as a Predictor of Inpatient Outcomes: A Machine Learning Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3760. [PMID: 36834454 PMCID: PMC9967355 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the intensive care unit, traditional scoring systems use illness severity and/or organ failure to determine prognosis, and this usually rests on the patient's condition at admission. In spite of the importance of medication reconciliation, the usefulness of home medication histories as predictors of clinical outcomes remains unexplored. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the medical records of 322 intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The predictors of interest included the medication regimen complexity index (MRCI) at admission, the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, or a combination thereof. Outcomes included mortality, length of stay, and the need for mechanical ventilation. Machine learning algorithms were used for outcome classification after correcting for class imbalances in the general population and across the racial continuum. RESULTS The home medication model could predict all clinical outcomes accurately 70% of the time. Among Whites, it improved to 80%, whereas among non-Whites it remained at 70%. The addition of SOFA and APACHE II yielded the best models among non-Whites and Whites, respectively. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values showed that low MRCI scores were associated with reduced mortality and LOS, yet an increased need for mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSION Home medication histories represent a viable addition to traditional predictors of health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Paul Vincent Mbous
- Department of Pharmaceutical Systems and Policy, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Todd Brothers
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, RI 02908, USA
| | - Mohammad A. Al-Mamun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Systems and Policy, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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Ozdinc A, Aydin Z, Calim M, Ozkan AS, Bakir H, Akbas S. Privacy awareness among healthcare professionals in intensive care unit: A multicenter, cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32930. [PMID: 36820550 PMCID: PMC9907926 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This multicenter, cross-sectional study aimed to determine and examine the privacy awareness and patient rights education of healthcare professionals working in intensive care units (ICUs). The primary purpose of this study was to determine the privacy awareness of healthcare professionals working in the ICU. In addition, the secondary aim was to examine the relationship between patient rights education and awareness scores, as well as to question the need for privacy awareness education. The study population consisted of ICU physicians, nurses, and allied health personnel working in university hospitals, training and research hospitals, state hospitals, and private hospitals in Turkey. The data were collected through a questionnaire prepared by the researchers, including a question set about sociodemographics, a question about patient rights education, and the privacy awareness scale (PAS) scores using online Google Forms. In the results of the study conducted among 569 participants, the mean total PAS score was 38.31 ± 2.54. The PAS score was significantly different according to the occupation. The PAS scores of the nurses were higher than physicians and allied health personnel. The PAS scores differed according to whether the participants had received patient rights education. This study found that nurses were the group with the highest PAS scores among healthcare professionals. In addition, the PAS scores of nurses working in private and training and research hospitals were higher than those of other hospital employees. On the other hand, the lowest scores belonged to university hospitals and receiving patient rights education increased the PAS score of the nurses. This study showed that all enrolled healthcare professionals required in-service training to gain privacy awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Ozdinc
- Department of Medical History and Ethics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- * Correspondence: Ahmet Ozdinc, Department of Medical History and Ethics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, 34098, Istanbul, Turkey (e-mail: )
| | - Zuleyha Aydin
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhittin Calim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Bezmialem Vakif University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Selim Ozkan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Bakir
- Clinic of Surgical Oncology, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Sedat Akbas
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Bezmialem Vakif University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Prakash S, Sahu A, Routray SS, Maiti R, Mitra JK, Mukherjee S. Efficacy of therapeutic plasma exchange in severe COVID-19 disease: A meta-analysis. Vox Sang 2023; 118:49-58. [PMID: 36254849 PMCID: PMC9874931 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has been used in severe COVID-19 disease to eliminate the cytokine storm. This meta-analysis aims to assess the effectiveness of TPE in reducing mortality in severe COVID-19 disease compared to standard treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, the Cochrane database and the International Clinical Trial Registry Platform (ICTRP). The random-effect model was used to calculate the risk ratio and standardized mean difference (SMD) as pooled effect size for the difference in mortality and length of the intensive care unit (ICU) stay. The risk of bias and publication bias were assessed in R version 4.1.0. The certainty of the evidence was calculated using the GradePro tool. RESULTS The database identified 382 participants from six studies, including one randomized control trial. Egger's test did not detect any publication bias (p = 0.178). The random model analysis for mortality evaluated a risk ratio of 0.38 (95% CI: 0.28-0.52) with a significant reduction in the TPE group. The certainty of the evidence was moderate, with a risk ratio of 0.34 (95% CI: 0.24-0.49). Length of ICU stays between TPE versus standard care showed an SMD of 0.08 (95% CI: -0.38, 0.55) and was not significant. CONCLUSION The length of ICU stay in the TPE group was not different from standard care. However, this meta-analysis revealed a significant benefit of TPE in reducing mortality in severe COVID-19 disease compared to standard treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Prakash
- Department of Transfusion MedicineAll India Institute of Medical SciencesBhubaneswarIndia
| | - Ansuman Sahu
- Department of Transfusion MedicineAll India Institute of Medical SciencesBhubaneswarIndia
| | - Suman Sudha Routray
- Department of Transfusion MedicineAll India Institute of Medical SciencesBhubaneswarIndia
| | - Rituparna Maiti
- Department of PharmacologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesBhubaneswarIndia
| | - Jayanta Kumar Mitra
- Department of AnaesthesiologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesBhubaneswarIndia
| | - Somnath Mukherjee
- Department of Transfusion MedicineAll India Institute of Medical SciencesBhubaneswarIndia
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Lima J, Eckert I, Gonzalez MC, Silva FM. Prognostic value of phase angle and bioelectrical impedance vector in critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2801-2816. [PMID: 36395589 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Assessment of the raw parameters derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has gained emphasis in critically ill patients. The phase angle (PhA) reflects the integrity of the cell membrane, and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) is indicative of patients' hydration status. The aim of this study was to investigate whether these parameters are associated with clinical outcomes in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. METHODS We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science for all published observational studies without language restrictions up to April 2022. Two reviewers independently performed study selection and data extraction. We judged the risk of bias by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the certainty of evidence by the GRADE approach. Mortality was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included ICU length of stay, hospital length of stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, nutritional risk, and malnutrition. A meta-analysis with a random-effect model was performed to combine data on R version 3.6.2. RESULTS Twenty-seven studies were included in the systematic review (4872 participants). Pooled analysis revealed that patients with low PhA had a higher risk of death (14 studies; RR = 1.82, 95% CI 1.46 to 2.26; I2 = 42%) and spent more days in ICU (6 studies; MD = 1.79, 95% CI 0.33 to 3.24, I2 = 69%) in comparison to patients with normal PhA. The pooled analysis also showed higher PhA values in survivors compared to non-survivor patients (12 studies; MD = 0.75°, 95% CI 0.60° to 0.91°, I2 = 31%). Overhydration defined by BIVA was not a predictor of mortality (4 studies; RR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.46; I2 = 0%). More than 40% of primary studies were classified with a high risk of bias, and the quality of evidence ranged from low to very low. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis revealed, with limited evidence, that low PhA was associated with higher mortality and ICU length of stay, while overhydration identified by BIVA was not a predictor of death in critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Lima
- Master Student at Nutrition Science Graduate Program Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Cristina Gonzalez
- Professor at Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Flávia Moraes Silva
- Professor at Nutrition Department and Nutrition Science Graduate Program of Federal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Sandnes L, Uhrenfeldt L. Caring touch in intensive care nursing: a qualitative study. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2022; 17:2092964. [PMID: 35762038 PMCID: PMC9245997 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2022.2092964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Historically, caring touch was integrated in targeted nursing acts as shoulder massage, calming patients or to check vital parameters by touching the patient`s skin. However, this phenomenon in intensive care nursing still lacks convincing descriptions. Caring touch is an important part of being an intensive care nurse and confirming the patient`s dignity. To touch the patient`s skin is a common nursing act, but not much spoken of. Caring touch on the patient`s chin, holding hands or giving a hug has earlier been called e.g., non-procedural touch. PURPOSE Explore the meaning of caring touch as it appeared for Norwegian intensive care nurses. METHODS Secondary analysis of data from qualitative, individual semi-structured interviews. Eight experienced intensive care nurses at public Norwegian non-university hospitals. Registered by the Norwegian Center for Research data NSD December 2014. ID 41164. FINDINGS Data analysis revealed one main-theme: The speaking body, with four sub-themes 1) Eyes and facial expressions, 2) Patients emotional expressions, 3) Closeness and distance, 4) ICU nurses' emotional responses. CONCLUSION Caring touch is a silent way of showing culturally competent care and establish or continue nurse-patient relationships in intensive care units. Caring touch contributes to heighten ethical dimensions of dignity in intensive care nursing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Sandnes
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
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Cevik B, Kuzhan B, Bombacı E, Saracoglu KT. The clinical characteristics and the risk factors for mortality in Non-COVID-19 critical patients in a pandemic hospital in Turkey: a retrospective cross-sectional study. Malawi Med J 2022; 34:252-259. [PMID: 38125777 PMCID: PMC10645826 DOI: 10.4314/mmj.v34i4.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disrupted standard health policies and routine medical care, and thus, the management and treatment pathways of many clinical conditions have changed as never before. The negative impact of the pandemic rendered the systemic disease more complicated and accelerated mortality. For the last two years, clinicians have primarily focused on COVID-19 patients; however, the non-COVID-19 critically ill patients needed to be addressed from multiple perspectives. This study investigated the demographic and clinical characteristics of non-COVID-19 critical care patients admitted concurrently with a COVID-19 wave. The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors for mortality in critically ill non-COVID-19 patients. Methods All consecutive cases admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) were included in the study between January 1, 2021 and July 14, 2021. All data, including age, gender, admission characteristics, patient dependency, pre-existing systemic diseases, the severity of illness (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation -APACHE-II), predicted death rate in ICU, life-sustaining medical procedures on admission or during ICU stay, length of stay, and admission time to the ICU, were obtained from the hospital's electronic database. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was assessed for all patients. Results A total of 192 patients were screened during the study period. Mortality was significantly increased in non-surgical patients, previously dependent patients, patients requiring mechanical ventilation, continuous renal replacement therapy, and patients requiring the infusion of vasoactive medications. The number of pre-existing diseases and the admission time had no impact on mortality. The mean CCI was significantly higher in non-survivors but was not a strong predictor of mortality as APACHE II. Conclusions In this retrospective study, the severity of illness and the need for vasoactive agent infusion were significantly higher in non-survivors confirmed by multivariate analysis as predictive factors for mortality in critical non-COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Cevik
- The University of Health Sciences, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kırdar City Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Kuzhan
- The University of Health Sciences, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kırdar City Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Bombacı
- The University of Health Sciences, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kırdar City Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kemal Tolga Saracoglu
- The University of Health Sciences, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kırdar City Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Istanbul, Turkey
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Bhattacharya M. Insights from Transcriptomics: CD163 + Profibrotic Lung Macrophages in COVID-19. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:520-527. [PMID: 35675555 PMCID: PMC9651197 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0107tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) begins with upper airway symptoms but proceeds in a significant proportion of patients to life-threatening infection of the lower respiratory tract, where an exuberant inflammatory response, edema, and adverse parenchymal remodeling impair gas exchange. Respiratory failure is caused initially by flooding of the airspaces with plasma exudate, sloughed epithelium, and inflammatory cells. For many patients with COVID-19, this acute phase has been observed to give way to a prolonged course of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and a significant proportion of patients go on to develop fibroproliferative remodeling of the lung parenchyma, which lengthens the duration of respiratory impairment and mechanical ventilation. Monocyte-derived macrophages have previously been implicated in the fibrotic phase of lung injury in multiple models. From several recent studies that used single-cell genomic techniques, a profile of the transcriptomic state of COVID-19 lung macrophages has emerged. Linkages have been made between these macrophages, which are monocyte-derived and CD163+, and profibrotic macrophages found in other contexts, including animal models of fibrosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Here, emerging concepts of macrophage profibrotic function in COVID-19 are highlighted with a focus on gaps in knowledge to be addressed by future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallar Bhattacharya
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Kodati R, Muthu V, Agarwal R, Dhooria S, Aggarwal AN, Prasad KT, Behera D, Sehgal IS. Long-term Survival and Quality of Life among Survivors Discharged from a Respiratory ICU in North India: A Prospective Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022; 26:1078-1085. [PMID: 36876197 PMCID: PMC9983681 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Advancements in the intensive care unit (ICU) have improved critically ill subjects' short-term outcomes. However, there is a need to understand the long-term outcomes of these subjects. Herein, we study the long-term outcomes and factors associated with poor outcomes in critically ill subjects with medical illnesses. Materials and methods All subjects (≥12 years) discharged after an ICU stay of at least 48 hours were included. We evaluated the subjects at 3 and 6 months after ICU discharge. At each visit, subjects were administered the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument (WHO-QOL-BREF) questionnaire. The primary outcome was mortality at 6 months after ICU discharge. The key secondary outcome was quality of life (QOL) at 6 months. Results In total, 265 subjects were admitted to the ICU, of whom 53 subjects (20%) died in the ICU, and 54 were excluded. Finally, 158 subjects were included: 10 (6.3%) subjects were lost to follow-up. The mortality at 6 months was 17.7% (28/158). Most subjects [16.5% (26/158)] died within the initial 3 months after ICU discharge. Quality of life scores were low in all the domains of WHO-QOL-BREF. About 12% (n = 14) of subjects could not perform the activity of daily living at 6 months. After adjusting for covariates, ICU-acquired weakness at the time of discharge (OR 15.12; 95% CI, 2.08-109.81, p <0.01) and requirement for home ventilation (OR 22; 95% CI, 3.1-155, p <0.01) were associated with mortality at 6 months. Conclusion Intensive care unit survivors have a high risk of death and a poor QOL during the initial 6 months following discharge. How to cite this article Kodati R, Muthu V, Agarwal R, Dhooria S, Aggarwal AN, Prasad KT, et al. Long-term Survival and Quality of Life among Survivors Discharged from a Respiratory ICU in North India: A Prospective Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(10):1078-1085.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kodati
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, STAR Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Valliappan Muthu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ritesh Agarwal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sahajal Dhooria
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashutosh Nath Aggarwal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kuruswamy Thurai Prasad
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Digambar Behera
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Inderpaul Singh Sehgal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
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Ruiz GO, Herrera CFL, Bohórquez JAM, Betancur JE. Mortality in patients with acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection hospitalized in an intensive care unit during the period 2017-2019. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15644. [PMID: 36123430 PMCID: PMC9483872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19904-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Identify risk factors associated with mortality in HIV patients admitted to an ICU in the city of Bogotá. Retrospective cohort study of patients treated in an ICU during the years 2017–2019. The analysis included descriptive statistics, association tests, and a logistic regression model. A predictive model of mortality at the time of admission to the ICU was developed. 110 HIV patients were identified. Association was found between a Charlson index ≥ 6 and mortality (OR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.0–5.1) and an increase in mortality in the first 21 days of ICU stay (OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.0–4.9). In the logistic regression analysis, the absence of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) upon admission to the ICU (OR = 2.5 95% CI 1.0–6.1) and the first 21 days of ICU stay (OR = 2.3 95% CI 1.0–5.4) were associated with an increase in mortality. The predictive mortality model established that mortality was higher in patients admitted to the ICU without having previously received HAART than in those who did receive therapy at the time of admission to the ICU. In patients with HIV admitted to the ICU, the absence of HAART will negatively impact mortality during their hospital stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Ortiz Ruiz
- Critical Medicine and Intensive Care and Pulmonology, Universidad del Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia.,National Academy of Medicine, Hospital Santa Clara, Bogotá, Colombia
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Are infections associated with cognitive decline and neuroimaging outcomes? A historical cohort study using data from the UK Biobank study linked to electronic health records. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:385. [PMID: 36109502 PMCID: PMC9478085 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
While there is growing evidence of associations between infections and dementia risk, associations with cognitive impairment and potential structural correlates of cognitive decline remain underexplored. Here we aimed to investigate the presence and nature of any associations between common infections, cognitive decline and neuroimaging parameters. The UK Biobank is a large volunteer cohort (over 500,000 participants recruited aged 40-69) with linkage to primary and secondary care records. Using linear mixed effects models, we compared participants with and without a history of infections for changes in cognitive function during follow-up. Linear regression models were used to investigate the association of infections with hippocampal and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume. 16,728 participants (median age 56.0 years [IQR 50.0-61.0]; 51.3% women) had baseline and follow-up cognitive measures. We found no evidence of an association between the presence of infection diagnoses and cognitive decline for mean correct response time (slope difference [infections versus no infections] = 0.40 ms, 95% CI: -0.17-0.96 per year), visual memory (slope difference 0.0004 log errors per year, 95% CI: -0.003-0.004, fluid intelligence (slope difference 0.007, 95% CI: -0.010-0.023) and prospective memory (OR 0.88, 95% CI: 0.68-1.14). No evidence of an association was found between infection site, setting or frequency and cognitive decline except for small associations on the visual memory test. We found no association between infections and hippocampal or WMH volume. Limitations of our study include selection bias, potential practice effects and the relatively young age of our cohort. Our findings do not support a major role for common midlife infections in contributing to cognitive decline for this cohort. Further research is warranted in individuals with more severe infections, for infections occurring later in life.
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Kassif Lerner R, Levinkopf D, Zaslavsky Paltiel I, Sadeh T, Rubinstein M, Pessach IM, Keller N, Lerner-Geva L, Paret G. Thrombocytopenia and Bloodstream Infection: Incidence and Implication on Length of Stay in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. J Pediatr Intensive Care 2022; 11:209-214. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe incidence and prognosis of thrombocytopenia in critically ill patients with bloodstream infection (BSI) is not well delineated in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) setting. We assessed these variables in our PICU and sought to determine whether thrombocytopenia could serve as a prognostic marker for length of stay (LOS). The study was conducted at the medical PICU of a university hospital, on all critically ill pediatric patients consecutively admitted during a 3-year period. Patient surveillance and data collection have been used to identify the risk factors during the study period. The main outcomes were BSI incidence and implication on morbidity and LOS. Data from 2,349 PICU patients was analyzed. The overall incidence of BSI was 3.9% (93/2,349). Overall, 85 of 93 patients (91.4%) with BSI survived and 8 patients died (8.6% mortality rate). The overall incidence of thrombocytopenia among these 93 patients was 54.8% (51/93) and 100% (8/8) for the nonsurvivors. Out of the 85 survivors, 27 thrombocytopenic patients were hospitalized for >14 days versus 14 of nonthrombocytopenic patients (p = 0.007). Thrombocytopenia was associated with borderline significance with an increased LOS (adjusted odds ratio = 3.00, 95% confidence interval: 0.93–9.71, p = 0.066). Thrombocytopenia is common in critically ill pediatric patients with BSI and constitutes a simple and readily available risk marker for PICU LOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Kassif Lerner
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dana Levinkopf
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Inna Zaslavsky Paltiel
- Women and Children's Health Research Unit, The Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, The Chain Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Tal Sadeh
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Marina Rubinstein
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Itai M. Pessach
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nathan Keller
- Tel Aviv University, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Ariel University, Israel
| | - Liat Lerner-Geva
- Women and Children's Health Research Unit, The Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, The Chain Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Gideon Paret
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Evaluating the Medication Regimen Complexity Score as a Predictor of Clinical Outcomes in the Critically Ill. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164705. [PMID: 36012944 PMCID: PMC9410153 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Medication Regimen Complexity (MRC) refers to the combination of medication classes, dosages, and frequencies. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the scores of different MRC tools and the clinical outcomes. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at Roger William Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, which included 317 adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) between 1 February 2020 and 30 August 2020. MRC was assessed using the MRC Index (MRCI) and MRC for the Intensive Care Unit (MRC-ICU). A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify associations among MRC scores, clinical outcomes, and a logistic classifier to predict clinical outcomes. Results: Higher MRC scores were associated with increased mortality, a longer ICU length of stay (LOS), and the need for mechanical ventilation (MV). MRC-ICU scores at 24 h were significantly (p < 0.001) associated with increased ICU mortality, LOS, and MV, with ORs of 1.12 (95% CI: 1.06−1.19), 1.17 (1.1−1.24), and 1.21 (1.14−1.29), respectively. Mortality prediction was similar using both scoring tools (AUC: 0.88 [0.75−0.97] vs. 0.88 [0.76−0.97]. The model with 15 medication classes outperformed others in predicting the ICU LOS and the need for MV with AUCs of 0.82 (0.71−0.93) and 0.87 (0.77−0.96), respectively. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that both MRC scores were associated with poorer clinical outcomes. The incorporation of MRC scores in real-time therapeutic decision making can aid clinicians to prescribe safer alternatives.
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Sindi A. The impact of tracheostomy delay in intensive care unit patients: a two-year retrospective cohort study. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:132. [PMID: 35883165 PMCID: PMC9316324 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00753-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims This study was undertaken to evaluate our tracheostomy service and identify reasons for any delays. Methods A retrospective study in an academic tertiary-care hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Inclusion criteria were any patients in ICU who required a surgical tracheostomy over a 2-year period (January 2014 to December 2015). The primary outcome was delayed tracheostomy referral and secondary outcomes included the number of days between referral and consultation, days between consultation and tracheostomy placement, and mortality rates. Results Ninety-nine patients had a tracheostomy between January 2014 to December 2015 and could be analysed, mean age of 52.7 years, 44.5% females. The average duration from referral to tracheostomy was 5.12 days (SD 6.52). Eighteen patients (18.2%) had delayed tracheostomy (> 7 days from referral). The main reasons for the delay were the patient’s medical condition (50%, n = 9), followed by low haemoglobin (38.9%, n = 7). Administrative reasons were recorded in 5 cases only (28%); 2 due to operating room lack of time, 2 due to multidisciplinary issues, and 1 due to family refusal. Laboratory-confirmed low haemoglobin, a prescription of anti-platelets, or a prescription of anti-coagulation were not associated with a longer duration between referral and tracheostomy placement. An increase of 1 day in the time between referral and tracheostomy corresponded to an increase in delay in discharge from ICU of 1.24 days (95% CI 0.306 to 2.18). Conclusion Although most delays related to the clinical condition of the patient, administrative and multidisciplinary factors also play a role. Early tracheostomy (less than 14 days) from intubation increases the survival rates of patients and improves their clinical outcomes. Further prospective evaluation is needed to confirm the impact of delay in performing surgical tracheostomy among ICU patients whose bedside percutaneous tracheostomy is contraindicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees Sindi
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. .,King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Oehler D, Böttger C, Immohr MB, Bruno RR, Haschemi J, Scheiber D, Horn P, Aubin H, Tudorache I, Westenfeld R, Akhyari P, Kelm M, Lichtenberg A, Boeken U. Outcome and Midterm Survival after Heart Transplantation Is Independent from Donor Length of Stay in the Intensive Care Unit. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1053. [PMID: 35888141 PMCID: PMC9325071 DOI: 10.3390/life12071053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged treatment of organ donors in the intensive care unit (ICU) may be associated with complications influencing the outcome after heart transplantation (HTx). We therefore aim to explore the potential impact of the donor length of stay (LOS) in the ICU on outcomes in our cohort. We included all patients undergoing HTx in our center between September 2010 and April 2022 (n = 241). Recipients were divided around the median into three groups regarding their donor LOS in the ICU: 0 to 3 days (≤50th percentile, n = 92), 4 to 7 days (50th-75th percentile, n = 80), and ≥8 days (≥75th percentile, n = 69). Donor LOS in the ICU ranged between 0 and 155 days (median 4, IQR 3-8 days). No association between the LOS in the ICU and survival after HTx was observed (AUC for overall survival 0.514). Neither the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis up to 5 years after HTx (Log-Rank p = 0.789) nor group comparisons showed significant differences. Baseline recipient characteristics were comparable between the groups, while the donor baselines differed in some parameters, such as less cardiopulmonary resuscitation prior to HTx in those with a prolonged LOS. However, regarding the recipients' peri- and postoperative parameters, the groups did not differ in all of the assessed parameters. Thus, in this retrospective analysis, although the donors differed in baseline parameters, the donor LOS in the ICU was not associated with altered recipient survival or outcome after HTx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Oehler
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (R.R.B.); (J.H.); (D.S.); (P.H.); (R.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Charlotte Böttger
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Moritz Benjamin Immohr
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.B.I.); (H.A.); (I.T.); (P.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Raphael Romano Bruno
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (R.R.B.); (J.H.); (D.S.); (P.H.); (R.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Jafer Haschemi
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (R.R.B.); (J.H.); (D.S.); (P.H.); (R.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Daniel Scheiber
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (R.R.B.); (J.H.); (D.S.); (P.H.); (R.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Patrick Horn
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (R.R.B.); (J.H.); (D.S.); (P.H.); (R.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Hug Aubin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.B.I.); (H.A.); (I.T.); (P.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Igor Tudorache
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.B.I.); (H.A.); (I.T.); (P.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Ralf Westenfeld
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (R.R.B.); (J.H.); (D.S.); (P.H.); (R.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Payam Akhyari
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.B.I.); (H.A.); (I.T.); (P.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Malte Kelm
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (R.R.B.); (J.H.); (D.S.); (P.H.); (R.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Artur Lichtenberg
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.B.I.); (H.A.); (I.T.); (P.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Udo Boeken
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.B.I.); (H.A.); (I.T.); (P.A.); (A.L.)
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Wischmann P, Bruno RR, Wernly B, Wolff G, Afzal S, Rezar R, Cramer M, Heramvand N, Kelm M, Jung C. Relevance of pre-existing anaemia for patients admitted for acute coronary syndrome to an intensive care unit: a retrospective cohort analysis of 7418 patients. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL OPEN 2022; 2:oeac040. [PMID: 35919579 PMCID: PMC9260305 DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oeac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Aims Patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) frequently suffer from anaemia, but its role in patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) is unclear. This analysis evaluates the prognostic relevance of different degrees of anaemia and their specific impact on disease severity and the outcome in critically ill ACS patients. Methods and results and results The multi-centre electronic Intensive Care Unit Collaborative Research Database was used, and all patients admitted with ACS were included in a retrospective analysis. Anaemia and its degrees were defined according to the criteria by the World Health Organization. A multi-level logistic regression analysis was used to fit three sequential regression models for the binary primary outcome of hospital mortality. A total of 7418 patients were included; 3437 patients (46%) had anaemia on admission. Patients with anaemia were significantly older [61 (53–70) vs. 70 (61–78) years, P < 0.001], more often female (P < 0.001), and required an increased rate of vasopressor use (P < 0.001) and mechanical ventilation (P < 0.001). With the higher Sequential organ failure assessment score (1 vs. 2; P < 0.001) and Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation (35 vs. 47; P < 0.001) scores, a higher degree of anaemia was associated with prolonged ICU stay (2 vs. 5 days, P < 0.001). Even patients with mild anaemia needed significantly from more intensive treatment and suffered worse outcome. Intensive care unit and hospital mortality were inversely associated with haemoglobin levels. Conclusion Nearly half of critically ill patients with ACS suffer from anaemia, which is associated with increased illness severity, complex ICU procedures, and mortality—even in mild anaemia. Haemoglobin on admission is an independent factor for adverse outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Wischmann
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Raphael Romano Bruno
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Bernhard Wernly
- Institute of General Practice, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University , Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg , Austria
- Center for Public Health and Healthcare Research, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg , Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg , Austria
| | - Georg Wolff
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Shazia Afzal
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Richard Rezar
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg , Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg , Austria
| | - Mareike Cramer
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Nadia Heramvand
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf , Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Heinrich Heine University , Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Duesseldorf , Germany
| | - Christian Jung
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf , Germany
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Rahimi RA, Cho JL, Jakubzick CV, Khader SA, Lambrecht BN, Lloyd CM, Molofsky AB, Talbot S, Bonham CA, Drake WP, Sperling AI, Singer BD. Advancing Lung Immunology Research: An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:e1-18. [PMID: 35776495 PMCID: PMC9273224 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0167st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian airways and lungs are exposed to a myriad of inhaled particulate matter, allergens, and pathogens. The immune system plays an essential role in protecting the host from respiratory pathogens, but a dysregulated immune response during respiratory infection can impair pathogen clearance and lead to immunopathology. Furthermore, inappropriate immunity to inhaled antigens can lead to pulmonary diseases. A complex network of epithelial, neural, stromal, and immune cells has evolved to sense and respond to inhaled antigens, including the decision to promote tolerance versus a rapid, robust, and targeted immune response. Although there has been great progress in understanding the mechanisms governing immunity to respiratory pathogens and aeroantigens, we are only beginning to develop an integrated understanding of the cellular networks governing tissue immunity within the lungs and how it changes after inflammation and over the human life course. An integrated model of airway and lung immunity will be necessary to improve mucosal vaccine design as well as prevent and treat acute and chronic inflammatory pulmonary diseases. Given the importance of immunology in pulmonary research, the American Thoracic Society convened a working group to highlight central areas of investigation to advance the science of lung immunology and improve human health.
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