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Wang L, Liu Y, Hou S. DGK5 phosphorylation finetunes PA homeostasis in plant immunity. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:842-844. [PMID: 38570280 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) as a universal second messenger is transiently and rapidly produced upon immune activation in plants. A recent study by Kong et al. elucidated a mechanism for maintaining PA homeostasis via two uncoupled phosphorylation events of DIACYLGLYCEROL KINASE 5 (DGK5) at different phosphorylation sites by two distinct kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yukun Liu
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China.
| | - Shuguo Hou
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China.
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2
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Zeng J, Duan M, Wang Y, Li G, You Y, Shi J, Liu C, Zhang J, Xu J, Zhang S, Zhao J. Sporophytic control of tapetal development and pollen fertility by a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in rice. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:1500-1516. [PMID: 38751028 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Tapetum, the innermost layer of the anther wall, provides essential nutrients and materials for pollen development. Timely degradation of anther tapetal cells is a prerequisite for normal pollen development in flowering plants. Tapetal cells facilitate male gametogenesis by providing cellular contents after highly coordinated programmed cell death (PCD). Tapetal development is regulated by a transcriptional network. However, the signaling pathway(s) involved in this process are poorly understood. In this study, we report that a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade composed of OsYDA1/OsYDA2-OsMKK4-OsMPK6 plays an important role in tapetal development and male gametophyte fertility. Loss of function of this MAPK cascade leads to anther indehiscence, enlarged tapetum, and aborted pollen grains. Tapetal cells in osmkk4 and osmpk6 mutants exhibit an increased presence of lipid body-like structures within the cytoplasm, which is accompanied by a delayed occurrence of PCD. Expression of a constitutively active version of OsMPK6 (CA-OsMPK6) can rescue the pollen defects in osmkk4 mutants, confirming that OsMPK6 functions downstream of OsMKK4 in this pathway. Genetic crosses also demonstrated that the MAPK cascade sporophyticly regulates pollen development. Our study reveals a novel function of rice MAPK cascade in plant male reproductive biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Zeng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Manman Duan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yiqing Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guangtao Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yujing You
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Changhao Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jinyang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211, MO, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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3
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Chen J, Yang J, Liu Y, Zhao X, Zhao J, Tang L, Guo M, Zhou Y, Chen C, Li D, Wen Z, Liang G, Xu L. MAPK4 facilitates angiogenesis by inhibiting the ERK pathway in non-small cell lung cancer. CANCER INNOVATION 2024; 3:e117. [PMID: 38947754 PMCID: PMC11212285 DOI: 10.1002/cai2.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Background Angiogenesis plays an important role in the occurrence and development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The atypical mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 (MAPK4) has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases. However, the potential role of MAPK4 in the tumor angiogenesis of NSCLC remains unclear. Methods Adult male C57BL/6 wild-type mice were randomly divided into the control group and p-siMAPK4 intervention group, respectively. The cell proliferation was analyzed with flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. The vascular density in tumor mass was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. The expressions of MAPK4 and related signaling molecules were detected by western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining, and so on. Results We found that the expression of MAPK4, which was dominantly expressed in local endothelial cells (ECs), was correlated with tumor angiogenesis of NSCLC. Furthermore, MAPK4 silencing inhibited the proliferation and migration abilities of human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs). Global gene analysis showed that MAPK4 silencing altered the expression of multiple genes related to cell cycle and angiogenesis pathways, and that MAPK4 silencing increased transduction of the extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway but not Akt and c-Jun n-terminal kinase pathways. Further analysis showed that MAPK4 silencing inhibited the proliferation and migration abilities of HUVECs cultured in tumor cell supernatant, which was accompanied with increased transduction of the ERK1/2 pathway. Clinical data analysis suggested that the higher expression of MAPK4 and CD34 were associated with poor prognosis of patients with NSCLC. Targeted silencing of MAPK4 in ECs using small interfering RNA driven by the CD34 promoter effectively inhibited tumor angiogenesis and growth of NSCLC in vivo. Conclusion Our results reveal that MAPK4 plays an important role in the angiogenesis and development of NSCLC. MAPK4 may thus represent a new target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Jing Yang
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Yufang Liu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Xu Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Lin Tang
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Ya Zhou
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
- Department of Medical PhysicsZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Chao Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Dongmei Li
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Zhenke Wen
- Institute of BiomedicalSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Guiyou Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Lin Xu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
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4
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Hawk TE, Piya S, Sultana MS, Zadegan SB, Shipp S, Coffey N, McBride NB, Rice JH, Hewezi T. Soybean MKK2 establishes intricate signalling pathways to regulate soybean response to cyst nematode infection. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13461. [PMID: 38695657 PMCID: PMC11064803 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) cascades play central signalling roles in plant immunity and stress response. The soybean orthologue of MPK kinase2 (GmMKK2) was recently identified as a potential signalling node whose expression is upregulated in the feeding site induced by soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines). To investigate the role of GmMKK2 in soybean-SCN interactions, we overexpressed a catabolically inactive variant referred to as kinase-dead variant (KD-GmMKK2) using transgenic hairy roots. KD-GmMKK2 overexpression caused significant reduction in soybean susceptibility to SCN, while overexpression of the wild-type variant (WT-GmMKK2) exhibited no effect on susceptibility. Transcriptome analysis indicated that KD-GmMKK2 overexpressing plants are primed for SCN resistance via constitutive activation of defence signalling, particularly those related to chitin, respiratory burst, hydrogen peroxide and salicylic acid. Phosphoproteomic profiling of the WT-GmMKK2 and KD-GmMKK2 root samples upon SCN infection resulted in the identification of 391 potential targets of GmMKK2. These targets are involved in a broad range of biological processes, including defence signalling, vesicle fusion, chromatin remodelling and nuclear organization among others. Furthermore, GmMKK2 mediates phosphorylation of numerous transcriptional and translational regulators, pointing to the presence of signalling shortcuts besides the canonical MAPK cascades to initiate downstream signalling that eventually regulates gene expression and translation initiation. Finally, the functional requirement of specific phosphorylation sites for soybean response to SCN infection was validated by overexpressing phospho-mimic and phospho-dead variants of two differentially phosphorylated proteins SUN1 and IDD4. Together, our analyses identify GmMKK2 impacts on signalling modules that regulate soybean response to SCN infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy E. Hawk
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Sarbottam Piya
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | | | | | - Sarah Shipp
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Nicole Coffey
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Natalie B. McBride
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - John H. Rice
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Tarek Hewezi
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
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5
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Wu G, Wang W. Recent advances in understanding the role of two mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades in plant immunity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2256-2265. [PMID: 38241698 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK/MPK) cascade is an important intercellular signaling module that regulates plant growth, development, reproduction, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. A MAPK cascade usually consists of a MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK/MEKK), a MAPK kinase (MAPKK/MKK/MEK), and a MAPK. The well-characterized MAPK cascades in plant immunity to date are the MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 cascade and the MAPKKK3/4/5-MKK4/5-MPK3/6 cascade. Recently, major breakthroughs have been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms associated with the regulation of immune signaling by both of these MAPK cascades. In this review, we highlight the most recent advances in understanding the role of both MAPK cascades in activating plant defense and in suppressing or fine-tuning immune signaling. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms by which plants stabilize and maintain the activation of MAPK cascades during immune signaling. Based on this review, we reveal the complexity and importance of the MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 cascade and the MAPKKK3/4/5-MKK4/5-MPK3/6 cascade, which are tightly controlled by their interacting partners or substrates, in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangheng Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, College of Ecology and Resources Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Xue P, Zhang L, Fan R, Li Y, Han X, Qi T, Zhao L, Yu D, Shen QH. HvMPK4 phosphorylates HvWRKY1 to enhance its suppression of barley immunity to powdery mildew fungus. J Genet Genomics 2024; 51:313-325. [PMID: 37225086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play important roles in disease resistance in model plant species. However, the functions of MAPK signaling pathways in crop disease resistance are largely unknown. Here we report the function of HvMKK1-HvMPK4-HvWRKY1 module in barley immune system. HvMPK4 is identified to play a negative role in barley immune response against Bgh, as virus-induced gene silencing of HvMPK4 results in enhanced disease resistance whilst stably overexpressing HvMPK4 leads to super-susceptibility to Bgh infection. Furthermore, the barley MAPK kinase HvMKK1 is found to specifically interact with HvMPK4, and the activated HvMKK1DD variant specifically phosphorylates HvMPK4 in vitro. Moreover, the transcription factor HvWRKY1 is identified to be a downstream target of HvMPK4 and phosphorylated by HvMPK4 in vitro in the presence of HvMKK1DD. Phosphorylation assay coupled with mutagenesis analyses identifies S122, T284, and S347 in HvWRKY1 as the major residues phosphorylated by HvMPK4. HvWRKY1 is phosphorylated in barley at the early stages of Bgh infection, which enhances its suppression on barley immunity likely due to enhanced DNA-binding and transcriptional repression activity. Our data suggest that the HvMKK1-HvMPK4 kinase pair acts upstream of HvWRKY1 to negatively regulate barley immunity against powdery mildew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengya Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Renchun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinyun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ting Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lifang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Deshui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian-Hua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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7
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Kong L, Ma X, Zhang C, Kim SI, Li B, Xie Y, Yeo IC, Thapa H, Chen S, Devarenne TP, Munnik T, He P, Shan L. Dual phosphorylation of DGK5-mediated PA burst regulates ROS in plant immunity. Cell 2024; 187:609-623.e21. [PMID: 38244548 PMCID: PMC10872252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial cellular messengers mediating diverse signaling processes in metazoans and plants. How PA homeostasis is tightly regulated and intertwined with ROS signaling upon immune elicitation remains elusive. We report here that Arabidopsis diacylglycerol kinase 5 (DGK5) regulates plant pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). The pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-associated kinase BIK1 phosphorylates DGK5 at Ser-506, leading to a rapid PA burst and activation of plant immunity, whereas PRR-activated intracellular MPK4 phosphorylates DGK5 at Thr-446, which subsequently suppresses DGK5 activity and PA production, resulting in attenuated plant immunity. PA binds and stabilizes the NADPH oxidase RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG D (RBOHD), regulating ROS production in plant PTI and ETI, and their potentiation. Our data indicate that distinct phosphorylation of DGK5 by PRR-activated BIK1 and MPK4 balances the homeostasis of cellular PA burst that regulates ROS generation in coordinating two branches of plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Kong
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Xiyu Ma
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Sung-Il Kim
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Yingpeng Xie
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - In-Cheol Yeo
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Hem Thapa
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Timothy P Devarenne
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Teun Munnik
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Green Life Sciences Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098XH, the Netherlands
| | - Ping He
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Libo Shan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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8
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Sun Q, Zhao D, Gao M, Wu Y, Zhai L, Sun S, Wu T, Zhang X, Xu X, Han Z, Wang Y. MxMPK6-2-mediated phosphorylation enhances the response of apple rootstocks to Fe deficiency by activating PM H + -ATPase MxHA2. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:69-86. [PMID: 37340905 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) deficiency significantly affects the growth and development, fruit yield and quality of apples. Apple roots respond to Fe deficiency stress by promoting H+ secretion, which acidifies the soil. In this study, the plasma membrane (PM) H+ -ATPase MxHA2 promoted H+ secretion and root acidification of apple rootstocks under Fe deficiency stress. H+ -ATPase MxHA2 is upregulated in Fe-efficient apple rootstock of Malus xiaojinensis at the transcription level. Fe deficiency also induced kinase MxMPK6-2, a positive regulator in Fe absorption that can interact with MxHA2. However, the mechanism involving these two factors under Fe deficiency stress is unclear. MxMPK6-2 overexpression in apple roots positively regulated PM H+ -ATPase activity, thus enhancing root acidification under Fe deficiency stress. Moreover, co-expression of MxMPK6-2 and MxHA2 in apple rootstocks further enhanced PM H+ -ATPase activity under Fe deficiency. MxMPK6-2 phosphorylated MxHA2 at the Ser909 site of C terminus, Thr320 and Thr412 sites of the Central loop region. Phosphorylation at the Ser909 and Thr320 promoted PM H+ -ATPase activity, while phosphorylation at Thr412 inhibited PM H+ -ATPase activity. MxMPK6-2 also phosphorylated the Fe deficiency-induced transcription factor MxbHLH104 at the Ser169 site, which then could bind to the promoter of MxHA2, thus enhancing MxHA2 upregulation. In conclusion, the MAP kinase MxMPK6-2-mediated phosphorylation directly and indirectly regulates PM H+ -ATPase MxHA2 activity at the protein post-translation and transcription levels, thus synergistically enhancing root acidification under Fe deficiency stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiran Sun
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Danrui Zhao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Gao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Longmei Zhai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhai Han
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
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9
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Wei Y, Liu Z, Lv T, Xu Y, Wei Y, Liu W, Liu L, Wang A, Li T. Ethylene enhances MdMAPK3-mediated phosphorylation of MdNAC72 to promote apple fruit softening. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:2887-2909. [PMID: 37132483 PMCID: PMC10396387 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone ethylene plays an important role in promoting the softening of climacteric fruits, such as apples (Malus domestica); however, important aspects of the underlying regulatory mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we identified apple MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 3 (MdMAPK3) as an important positive regulator of ethylene-induced apple fruit softening during storage. Specifically, we show that MdMAPK3 interacts with and phosphorylates the transcription factor NAM-ATAF1/2-CUC2 72 (MdNAC72), which functions as a transcriptional repressor of the cell wall degradation-related gene POLYGALACTURONASE1 (MdPG1). The increase in MdMAPK3 kinase activity was induced by ethylene, which promoted the phosphorylation of MdNAC72 by MdMAPK3. Additionally, MdPUB24 functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase to ubiquitinate MdNAC72, resulting in its degradation via the 26S proteasome pathway, which was enhanced by ethylene-induced phosphorylation of MdNAC72 by MdMAPK3. The degradation of MdNAC72 increased the expression of MdPG1, which in turn promoted apple fruit softening. Notably, using variants of MdNAC72 that were mutated at specific phosphorylation sites, we observed that the phosphorylation state of MdNAC72 affected apple fruit softening during storage. This study thus reveals that the ethylene-MdMAPK3-MdNAC72-MdPUB24 module is involved in ethylene-induced apple fruit softening, providing insights into climacteric fruit softening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology (Liaoning Province), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Liaoning Institute of Pomology, Xiongyue 115009, China
| | - Tianxing Lv
- Liaoning Institute of Pomology, Xiongyue 115009, China
| | - Yaxiu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology (Liaoning Province), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yajing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology (Liaoning Province), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Weiting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology (Liaoning Province), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology (Liaoning Province), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Aide Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology (Liaoning Province), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Tong Li
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology (Liaoning Province), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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10
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Sun Q, Wang T, Huang J, Gu X, Dong Y, Yang Y, Da X, Mo X, Xie X, Jiang H, Yan D, Zheng B, He Y. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Response Mechanism of Digitaria sanguinalis, Arabidopsis thaliana and Poa annua under 4,8-Dihydroxy-1-tetralone Treatment. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2728. [PMID: 37514341 PMCID: PMC10385526 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
4,8-dihydroxy-l-tetralone (4,8-DHT) is an allelochemical isolated from the outer bark of Carya cathayensis that acts as a plant growth inhibitor. In order to explore the mechanism of 4,8-DHT inhibiting weed activity, we treated three species of Digitaria sanguinalis, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Poa annua with different concentrations of 4,8-DHT and performed phenotype observation and transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that with an increase in 4,8-DHT concentration, the degree of plant damage gradually deepened. Under the same concentration of 4,8-DHT, the damage degree of leaves and roots of Digitaria sanguinalis was the greatest, followed by Arabidopsis thaliana, while Poa annua had the least damage, and the leaves turned slightly yellow. Transcriptome data showed that 24536, 9913, and 1662 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in Digitaria sanguinalis, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Poa annua, respectively. These DEGs were significantly enriched in photosynthesis, carbon fixation, glutathione metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. In addition, DEGs were also enriched in plant hormone signal transduction and the MAPK signal pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. Further analysis showed that after 4,8-DHT treatment, the transcript levels of photosynthesis PSI- and PSII-related genes, LHCA/B-related genes, Rubisco, and PEPC were significantly decreased in Digitaria sanguinalis and Arabidopsis thaliana. At the same time, the transcription levels of genes related to glutathione metabolism and the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway in Digitaria sanguinalis were also significantly decreased. However, the expression of these genes was upregulated in Arabidopsis thaliana and Poa annua. These indicated that 4,8-DHT affected the growth of the three plants through different physiological pathways, and then played a role in inhibiting plant growth. Simultaneously, the extent to which plants were affected depended on the tested plants and the content of 4,8-DHT. The identification of weed genes that respond to 4,8-DHT has helped us to further understand the inhibition of plant growth by allelochemicals and has provided a scientific basis for the development of allelochemicals as herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiumin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jiu Huang
- School of Environment science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xinyi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yanling Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xiaowen Da
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaorong Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoting Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Hangjin Jiang
- Center for Data Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Daoliang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yi He
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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11
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Lebecq A, Goldy C, Fangain A, Gascon E, Belcram K, Pastuglia M, Bouchez D, Caillaud MC. The phosphoinositide signature guides the final step of plant cytokinesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf7532. [PMID: 37467331 PMCID: PMC10355833 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf7532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant cytokinesis, which fundamentally differs from that in animals, requires the outward expansion of a plasma membrane precursor named the cell plate. How the transition from a cell plate to a plasma membrane occurs remains poorly understood. Here, we report that the acquisition of plasma membrane identity occurs through lateral patterning of the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate PI(4,5)P2 at the newly formed cell plate membrane. There, the phosphoinositide phosphatase SAC9 emerges as a key regulator, colocalizing with and regulating the function of the microtubule-associated protein MAP65-3 at the cell plate leading zone. In sac9-3 mutant, the polar distribution of PI(4,5)P2 at the cell plate is altered, leading to ectopic recruitment of the cytokinesis apparatus and formation of an additional cell plate insertion site. We propose that at the cell plate, SAC9 drives the depletion of PI(4,5)P2, which acts as a polar cue to spatially separate cell plate expansion from the acquisition of plasma membrane identity during final step of cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Lebecq
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAe, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Camila Goldy
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAe, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Aurélie Fangain
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAe, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Elsa Gascon
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAe, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Katia Belcram
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Martine Pastuglia
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - David Bouchez
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Marie-Cécile Caillaud
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAe, F-69342 Lyon, France
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12
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Yeh CY, Wang YS, Takahashi Y, Kuusk K, Paul K, Arjus T, Yadlos O, Schroeder JI, Ilves I, Garcia-Sosa AT, Kollist H. MPK12 in stomatal CO 2 signaling: function beyond its kinase activity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 239:146-158. [PMID: 36978283 PMCID: PMC10247450 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a major molecular switch involved in the regulation of stomatal opening and closure. Previous research defined interaction between MAP kinase 12 and Raf-like kinase HT1 as a required step for stomatal movements caused by changes in CO2 concentration. However, whether MPK12 kinase activity is required for regulation of CO2 -induced stomatal responses warrants in-depth investigation. We apply genetic, biochemical, and structural modeling approaches to examining the noncatalytic role of MPK12 in guard cell CO2 signaling that relies on allosteric inhibition of HT1. We show that CO2 /HCO3 - -enhanced MPK12 interaction with HT1 is independent of its kinase activity. By analyzing gas exchange of plant lines expressing various kinase-dead and constitutively active versions of MPK12 in a plant line where MPK12 is deleted, we confirmed that CO2 -dependent stomatal responses rely on MPK12's ability to bind to HT1, but not its kinase activity. We also demonstrate that purified MPK12 and HT1 proteins form a heterodimer in the presence of CO2 /HCO3 - and present structural modeling that explains the MPK12:HT1 interaction interface. These data add to the model that MPK12 kinase-activity-independent interaction with HT1 functions as a molecular switch by which guard cells sense changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yueh Yeh
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Yuh-Shuh Wang
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Yohei Takahashi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Katarina Kuusk
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Karnelia Paul
- School of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Triinu Arjus
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Oleksii Yadlos
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Julian I. Schroeder
- School of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Ivar Ilves
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | | | - Hannes Kollist
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
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13
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Liu W, Yan C, Li R, Chen G, Wang X, Wen Y, Zhang C, Wang X, Xu Y, Wang Y. VqMAPK3/VqMAPK6, VqWRKY33, and VqNSTS3 constitute a regulatory node in enhancing resistance to powdery mildew in grapevine. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad116. [PMID: 37786728 PMCID: PMC10541564 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine powdery mildew is caused by Erysiphe necator, which seriously harms grape production in the world. Stilbene synthase makes phytoalexins that contribute to the resistance of grapevine against powdery mildew. A novel VqNSTS3 was identified and cloned from Chinese wild Vitis quinquangularis accession Danfeng-2. The novel VqNSTS3 was transferred into susceptible 'Thompson Seedless' by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The transgenic plants showed resistance to the disease and activated other resistance-related genes. VqNSTS3 expression in grapevine is regulated by VqWRKY33, and which binds to TTGACC in the VqNSTS3 promoter. Furthermore, VqWRKY33 was phosphorylated by VqMAPK3/VqMAPK6 and thus led to enhanced signal transduction and increased VqNSTS3 expression. ProVqNSTS3::VqNSTS3-GFP of transgenic VqNSTS3 in Arabidopsis thaliana was observed to move to and wrap the pathogen's haustoria and block invasion by Golovinomyces cichoracearum. These results demonstrate that stilbene accumulation of novel VqNSTS3 of the Chinese wild Vitis quinquangularis accession Danfeng-2 prevented pathogen invasion and enhanced resistance to powdery mildew. Therefore, VqNSTS3 can be used in generating powdery mildew-resistant grapevines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandi Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chaohui Yan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ruimin Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Guanyu Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xinqi Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yingqiang Wen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chaohong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiping Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yuejin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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14
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Liu Q, Zhang C, Fang H, Yi L, Li M. Indispensable Biomolecules for Plant Defense Against Pathogens: NBS-LRR and "nitrogen pool" Alkaloids. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023:111752. [PMID: 37268110 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In a complex natural environment, plants have evolved intricate and subtle defense response regulatory mechanisms for survival. Plant specific defenses, including the disease resistance protein nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) protein and metabolite derived alkaloids, are key components of these complex mechanisms. The NBS-LRR protein can specifically recognize the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms to trigger the immune response mechanism. Alkaloids, synthesized from amino acids or their derivatives, can also inhibit pathogens. This study reviews NBS-LRR protein activation, recognition, and downstream signal transduction in plant protection, as well as the synthetic signaling pathways and regulatory defense mechanisms associated with alkaloids. In addition, we clarify the basic regulation mechanism and summarize their current applications and the development of future applications in biotechnology for these plant defense molecules. Studies on the NBS-LRR protein and alkaloid plant disease resistance molecules may provide a theoretical foundation for the cultivation of disease resistant crops and the development of botanical pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Inner Mongolia Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, China; Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Characteristic Geoherbs Resources Protection and Utilization, Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of The Planting and Development of Astragalus membranaceus of the Geoherbs, Baotou, China
| | - Chunhong Zhang
- Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Characteristic Geoherbs Resources Protection and Utilization, Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of The Planting and Development of Astragalus membranaceus of the Geoherbs, Baotou, China
| | - Huiyong Fang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Letai Yi
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.
| | - Minhui Li
- Inner Mongolia Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, China; Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Characteristic Geoherbs Resources Protection and Utilization, Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of The Planting and Development of Astragalus membranaceus of the Geoherbs, Baotou, China; Inner Mongolia Institute of Traditional Chinese and Mongolian Medicine, Hohhot, China.
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15
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Sun Q, Zhai L, Zhao D, Gao M, Wu Y, Wu T, Zhang X, Xu X, Han Z, Wang Y. Kinase MxMPK4-1 and calmodulin-binding protein MxIQM3 enhance apple root acidification during Fe deficiency. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1968-1984. [PMID: 36534987 PMCID: PMC10022619 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) deficiency is a long-standing issue in plant mineral nutrition. Ca2+ signals and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade are frequently activated in parallel to perceive external cues, but their interplay under Fe deficiency stress remains largely unclear. Here, the kinase MxMPK4-1, which is induced during the response to Fe deficiency stress in apple rootstock Malus xiaojinensis, cooperates with IQ-motif containing protein3 (MxIQM3). MxIQM3 gene expression, protein abundance, and phosphorylation level increased under Fe deficiency stress. The overexpression of MxIQM3 in apple calli and rootstocks mitigated the Fe deficiency phenotype and improved stress tolerance, whereas RNA interference or silencing of MxIQM3 in apple calli and rootstocks, respectively, worsened the phenotype and reduced tolerance to Fe deficiency. MxMPK4-1 interacted with MxIQM3 and subsequently phosphorylated MxIQM3 at Ser393, and co-expression of MxMPK4-1 and MxIQM3 in apple calli and rootstocks enhanced Fe deficiency responses. Furthermore, MxIQM3 interacted with the central-loop region of the plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase MxHA2. Phospho-mimicking mutation of MxIQM3 at Ser393 inhibited binding to MxHA2, but phospho-abolishing mutation promoted interaction with both the central-loop and C terminus of MxHA2, demonstrating phosphorylation of MxIQM3 caused dissociation from MxHA2 and therefore increased H+ secretion. Moreover, Ca2+/MxCAM7 (Calmodulin7) regulated the MxMPK4-1-MxIQM3 module in response to Fe deficiency stress. Overall, our results demonstrate that MxMPK4-1-MxIQM3 forms a functional complex and positively regulates PM H+-ATPase activity in Fe deficiency responses, revealing a versatile mechanism of Ca2+/MxCAM7 signaling and MAPK cascade under Fe deficiency stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiran Sun
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Longmei Zhai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Danrui Zhao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Min Gao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Ting Wu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhenhai Han
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
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16
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Zhou F, Singh S, Zhang J, Fang Q, Li C, Wang J, Zhao C, Wang P, Huang CF. The MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 cascade phosphorylates and stabilizes STOP1 to confer aluminum resistance in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:337-353. [PMID: 36419357 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity can seriously restrict crop production on acidic soils, which comprise 40% of the world's potentially arable land. The zinc finger transcription factor STOP1 has a conserved and essential function in mediating plant Al resistance. Al stress induces STOP1 accumulation via post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. However, the upstream signaling pathway involved in Al-triggered STOP1 accumulation remains unclear. Here, we report that the MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 cascade positively regulates STOP1 phosphorylation and stability. Mutations of MEKK1, MKK1/2, or MPK4 lead to decreased STOP1 stability and Al resistance. Al stress induces the kinase activity of MPK4, which interacts with and phosphorylates STOP1. The phosphorylation of STOP1 reduces its interaction with the F-box protein RAE1 that mediates STOP1 degradation, thereby leading to enhanced STOP1 stability and Al resistance. Taken together, our results suggest that the MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 cascade is important for Al signaling and confers Al resistance through phosphorylation-mediated enhancement of STOP1 accumulation in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglin Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Somesh Singh
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiu Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chongyang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunzhao Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chao-Feng Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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17
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Rawat AA, Hartmann M, Harzen A, Lugan R, Stolze SC, Forzani C, Abts L, Reißenweber S, Rayapuram N, Nakagami H, Zeier J, Hirt H. OXIDATIVE SIGNAL-INDUCIBLE1 induces immunity by coordinating N-hydroxypipecolic acid, salicylic acid, and camalexin synthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1285-1301. [PMID: 36319610 PMCID: PMC10107268 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Expression of OXIDATIVE SIGNAL-INDUCIBLE1 (OXI1) is induced by a number of stress conditions and regulates the interaction of plants with pathogenic and beneficial microbes. In this work, we generated Arabidopsis OXI1 knockout and genomic OXI1 overexpression lines and show by transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome analysis that OXI1 triggers ALD1, SARD4, and FMO1 expressions to promote the biosynthesis of pipecolic acid (Pip) and N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP). OXI1 contributes to enhanced immunity by induced SA biosynthesis via CBP60g-induced expression of SID2 and camalexin accumulation via WRKY33-targeted transcription of PAD3. OXI1 regulates genes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation such as RbohD and RbohF. OXI1 knock out plants show enhanced expression of nuclear and chloroplast genes of photosynthesis and enhanced growth under ambient conditions, while OXI1 overexpressing plants accumulate NHP, SA, camalexin, and ROS and show a gain-of-function (GOF) cell death phenotype and enhanced pathogen resistance. The OXI1 GOF phenotypes are completely suppressed when compromising N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP) synthesis in the fmo1 or ald1 background, showing that OXI1 regulation of immunity is mediated via the NHP pathway. Overall, these results show that OXI1 plays a key role in basal and effector-triggered plant immunity by regulating defense and programmed cell death via biosynthesis of salicylic acid, N-hydroxypipecolic acid, and camalexin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika A. Rawat
- Darwin21 Desert Initiative, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Hartmann
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of PlantsHeinrich Heine UniversityUniversitätsstraße 1DüsseldorfD‐40225Germany
| | - Anne Harzen
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchCologneD‐50829Germany
| | - Raphael Lugan
- UMR QualisudAvignon UniversitéAvignon Cedex 984916France
| | | | - Celine Forzani
- Department of Plant Molecular BiologyUniversity of ViennaDr. Bohrgasse 9Vienna1030Austria
| | - Laura Abts
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of PlantsHeinrich Heine UniversityUniversitätsstraße 1DüsseldorfD‐40225Germany
| | - Sophie Reißenweber
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of PlantsHeinrich Heine UniversityUniversitätsstraße 1DüsseldorfD‐40225Germany
| | - Naganand Rayapuram
- Darwin21 Desert Initiative, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955Saudi Arabia
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchCologneD‐50829Germany
| | - Jürgen Zeier
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of PlantsHeinrich Heine UniversityUniversitätsstraße 1DüsseldorfD‐40225Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS)Heinrich Heine UniversityUniversitätsstraße 1DüsseldorfD‐40225Germany
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Darwin21 Desert Initiative, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955Saudi Arabia
- Department of Plant Molecular BiologyUniversity of ViennaDr. Bohrgasse 9Vienna1030Austria
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris‐Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRAe, Université Paris‐Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris‐SaclayBâtiment63091405 OrsayFrance
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18
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Chang X, Yang Z, Zhang X, Zhang F, Huang X, Han X. Transcriptome-wide identification of WRKY transcription factors and their expression profiles under different stress in Cynanchum thesioides. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14436. [PMID: 36518281 PMCID: PMC9744163 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cynanchum thesioides (Freyn) K. Schum. is an important economic and medicinal plant widely distributed in northern China. WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in plant growth, development and regulating responses. However, there is no report on the WRKY genes in Cynanchum thesioides. A total of 19 WRKY transcriptome sequences with complete ORFs were identified as WRKY transcriptome sequences by searching for WRKYs in RNA sequencing data. Then, the WRKY genes were classified by phylogenetic and conserved motif analysis of the WRKY family in Cynanchum thesioides and Arabidopsis thaliana. qRT-PCR was used to determine the expression patterns of 19 CtWRKY genes in different tissues and seedlings of Cynanchum thesioides under plant hormone (ABA and ETH) and abiotic stresses (cold and salt). The results showed that 19 CtWRKY genes could be divided into groups I-III according to their structure and phylogenetic characteristics, and group II could be divided into five subgroups. The prediction of CtWRKY gene protein interactions indicates that CtWRKY is involved in many biological processes. In addition, the CtWRKY gene was differentially expressed in different tissues and positively responded to abiotic stress and phytohormone treatment, among which CtWRKY9, CtWRKY18, and CtWRKY19 were significantly induced under various stresses. This study is the first to identify the WRKY gene family in Cynanchum thesioides, and the systematic analysis lays a foundation for further identification of the function of WRKY genes in Cynanchum thesioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyao Chang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhehaote, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhongren Yang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhehaote, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhehaote, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Fenglan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhehaote, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiumei Huang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhehaote, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xu Han
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhehaote, Inner Mongolia, China
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19
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Kim CY, Song H, Lee YH. Ambivalent response in pathogen defense: A double-edged sword? PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100415. [PMID: 35918895 PMCID: PMC9700132 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants possess effective immune systems that defend against most microbial attackers. Recent plant immunity research has focused on the classic binary defense model involving the pivotal role of small-molecule hormones in regulating the plant defense signaling network. Although most of our current understanding comes from studies that relied on information derived from a limited number of pathosystems, newer studies concerning the incredibly diverse interactions between plants and microbes are providing additional insights into other novel mechanisms. Here, we review the roles of both classical and more recently identified components of defense signaling pathways and stress hormones in regulating the ambivalence effect during responses to diverse pathogens. Because of their different lifestyles, effective defense against biotrophic pathogens normally leads to increased susceptibility to necrotrophs, and vice versa. Given these opposing forces, the plant potentially faces a trade-off when it mounts resistance to a specific pathogen, a phenomenon referred to here as the ambivalence effect. We also highlight a novel mechanism by which translational control of the proteins involved in the ambivalence effect can be used to engineer durable and broad-spectrum disease resistance, regardless of the lifestyle of the invading pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yeol Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyeunjeong Song
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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20
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Chen J. Need help? Recently identified phosphorylation targets of MAP kinase 4 aid plant immunity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1556-1558. [PMID: 35944224 PMCID: PMC9614446 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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21
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Wang D, Chai G, Xu L, Yang K, Zhuang Y, Yang A, Liu S, Kong Y, Zhou G. Phosphorylation-mediated inactivation of C3H14 by MPK4 enhances bacterial-triggered immunity in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1941-1959. [PMID: 35736512 PMCID: PMC9614498 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) triggers mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase 4 (MPK4)-mediated phosphorylation and induces downstream transcriptional reprogramming, but the mechanisms of the MPK4 defense pathway are poorly understood. Here, we showed that phosphorylation-mediated inactivation of the CCCH protein C3H14 by MPK4 positively regulates the immune response in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Compared with wild-type plants, loss-of-function mutations in C3H14 and its paralog C3H15 resulted in enhanced defense against Pst DC3000 in infected leaves and the development of systemic acquired resistance (SAR), whereas C3H14 or C3H15 overexpression enhanced susceptibility to this pathogen and failed to induce SAR. The functions of C3H14 in PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) and SAR were dependent on MPK4-mediated phosphorylation. Challenge with Pst DC3000 or the flagellin peptide flg22 enhanced the phosphorylation of C3H14 by MPK4 in the cytoplasm, relieving C3H14-inhibited expression of PTI-related genes and attenuating C3H14-activated expression of its targets NIM1-INTERACTING1 (NIMIN1) and NIMIN2, two negative regulators of SAR. Salicylic acid (SA) affected the MPK4-C3H14-NIMIN1/2 cascades in immunity, but SA signaling mediated by the C3H14-NIMIN1/2 cascades was independent of MPK4 phosphorylation. Our study suggests that C3H14 might be a negative component of the MPK4 defense signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Li Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Kangkang Yang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yamei Zhuang
- Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Shengyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
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22
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Liu Y, Yu T, Li Y, Zheng L, Lu Z, Zhou Y, Chen J, Chen M, Zhang J, Sun G, Cao X, Liu Y, Ma Y, Xu Z. Mitogen-activated protein kinase TaMPK3 suppresses ABA response by destabilising TaPYL4 receptor in wheat. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:114-131. [PMID: 35719110 PMCID: PMC9544932 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) receptors are considered as the targeted manipulation of ABA sensitivity and water productivity in plants. Regulation of their stability or activity will directly affect ABA signalling. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades link multiple environmental and plant developmental cues. However, the molecular mechanism of ABA signalling and MAPK cascade interaction remains largely elusive. TaMPK3 overexpression decreases drought tolerance and wheat sensitivity to ABA, significantly weakening ABA's inhibitory effects on growth. Under drought stress, overexpression lines show lower survival rates, shoot fresh weight and proline content, but higher malondialdehyde levels at seedling stage, as well as decreased grain width and 1000 grain weight in both glasshouse and field conditions at the adult stage. TaMPK3-RNAi increases drought tolerance. TaMPK3 interaction with TaPYL4 leads to decreased TaPYL4 levels by promoting its ubiquitin-mediated degradation, whereas ABA treatment diminishes TaMPK3-TaPYL interactions. In addition, the expression of ABA signalling proteins is impaired in TaMPK3-overexpressing wheat plants under ABA treatment. The MPK3-PYL interaction module was found to be conserved across monocots and dicots. Our results suggest that the MPK3-PYL module could serve as a negative regulatory mechanism for balancing appropriate drought stress response with normal plant growth signalling in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae CropsMinistry of AgricultureBeijing100081China
| | - Tai‐Fei Yu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae CropsMinistry of AgricultureBeijing100081China
| | - Yi‐Tong Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae CropsMinistry of AgricultureBeijing100081China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae CropsMinistry of AgricultureBeijing100081China
| | - Zhi‐Wei Lu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae CropsMinistry of AgricultureBeijing100081China
| | - Yong‐Bin Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae CropsMinistry of AgricultureBeijing100081China
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae CropsMinistry of AgricultureBeijing100081China
| | - Ming Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae CropsMinistry of AgricultureBeijing100081China
| | - Jin‐Peng Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae CropsMinistry of AgricultureBeijing100081China
| | - Guo‐Zhong Sun
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae CropsMinistry of AgricultureBeijing100081China
| | - Xin‐You Cao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement, Crop Research InstituteShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinan250100China
| | - Yong‐Wei Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food ScienceHebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei ProvinceShijiazhuang050051China
| | - You‐Zhi Ma
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae CropsMinistry of AgricultureBeijing100081China
| | - Zhao‐Shi Xu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae CropsMinistry of AgricultureBeijing100081China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya)Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed LaboratorySanya572024China
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23
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Zhai L, Sun Q, Gao M, Cheng X, Liao X, Wu T, Zhang X, Xu X, Wang Y, Han Z. MxMPK4-1 phosphorylates NADPH oxidase to trigger the MxMPK6-2-MxbHLH104 pathway mediated Fe deficiency responses in apple. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2810-2826. [PMID: 35748023 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) deficiency is a nutritional stress in plants that commonly occurs in alkaline and calcareous soils. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MPKs), the terminal player of MAPK cascade, are involved in distinct physiological processes. Once plants suffer from Fe deficiency stress, the mechanism of MPK function remains unclear owing to limited study on the MPK networks including substrate proteins and downstream pathways. Here, the MAP kinase MPK4-1 was induced in roots of Fe efficient apple rootstock Malus xiaojinensis but not in Fe inefficient rootstock Malus baccata under Fe deficiency conditions. Overexpression of MxMPK4-1 in apple calli and apple roots enhanced the responses to Fe deficiency. We found that MxMPK4-1 interacted with NADPH oxidases (NOX)-respiratory burst oxidase homologs MxRBOHD1 and MxRBOHD2, which positively regulated responses to Fe deficiency. Moreover, MxMPK4-1 phosphorylated the C terminus of MxRBOHD2 at Ser797 and Ser906 and positively and negatively regulated NOX activity through these phospho-sites, respectively. When compared with apple calli that overexpressed MxRBOHD2, the coexpression of MxMPK4-1 and MxRBOHD2 prominently enhanced the Fe deficiency responses. We also demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide derived from MxMPK4-1-MxRBOHD2 regulated the MxMPK6-2-MxbHLH104 pathway, illuminating a systematic network that involves different MPK proteins in M. xiaojinensis under Fe deficiency stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longmei Zhai
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiran Sun
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Cheng
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Nonthermal Processing, Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhai Han
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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24
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Yang Y, Chen T, Dai X, Yang D, Wu Y, Chen H, Zheng Y, Zhi Q, Wan X, Tan X. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed molecular mechanisms of peanut leaves responding to Ralstonia solanacearum and its type III secretion system mutant. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:998817. [PMID: 36090119 PMCID: PMC9453164 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.998817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a serious soil-borne disease that limits peanut production and quality, but the molecular mechanisms of the peanut response to R. solanacearum remain unclear. In this study, we reported the first work analyzing the transcriptomic changes of the resistant and susceptible peanut leaves infected with R. solanacearum HA4-1 and its type III secretion system mutant strains by the cutting leaf method at different timepoints (0, 24, 36, and 72 h post inoculation). A total of 125,978 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and subsequently classified into six groups to analyze, including resistance-response genes, susceptibility-response genes, PAMPs induced resistance-response genes, PAMPs induced susceptibility-response genes, T3Es induced resistance-response genes, and T3Es induced susceptibility-response genes. KEGG enrichment analyses of these DEGs showed that plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, and MAPK signaling pathway were the outstanding pathways. Further analysis revealed that CMLs/CDPKs-WRKY module, MEKK1-MKK2-MPK3 cascade, and auxin signaling played important roles in the peanut response to R. solanacearum. Upon R. solanacearum infection (RSI), three early molecular events were possibly induced in peanuts, including Ca2+ activating CMLs/CDPKs-WRKY module to regulate the expression of resistance/susceptibility-related genes, auxin signaling was induced by AUX/IAA-ARF module to activate auxin-responsive genes that contribute to susceptibility, and MEKK1-MKK2-MPK3-WRKYs was activated by phosphorylation to induce the expression of resistance/susceptibility-related genes. Our research provides new ideas and abundant data resources to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the peanut response to R. solanacearum and to further improve the bacterial wilt resistance of peanuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Dai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yushuang Wu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huilan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yixiong Zheng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Zhi
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Wan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaorong Wan,
| | - Xiaodan Tan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Xiaodan Tan,
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Zheng X, Fang A, Qiu S, Zhao G, Wang J, Wang S, Wei J, Gao H, Yang J, Mou B, Cui F, Zhang J, Liu J, Sun W. Ustilaginoidea virens secretes a family of phosphatases that stabilize the negative immune regulator OsMPK6 and suppress plant immunity. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:3088-3109. [PMID: 35639755 PMCID: PMC9338817 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Rice false smut caused by Ustilaginoidea virens is emerging as a devastating disease of rice (Oryza sativa) worldwide; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying U. virens virulence and pathogenicity remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that the small cysteine-rich secreted protein SCRE6 in U. virens is translocated into host cells during infection as a virulence factor. Knockout of SCRE6 leads to attenuated U. virens virulence to rice. SCRE6 and its homologs in U. virens function as a novel family of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases harboring no canonical phosphatase motif. SCRE6 interacts with and dephosphorylates the negative immune regulator OsMPK6 in rice, thus enhancing its stability and suppressing plant immunity. Ectopic expression of SCRE6 in transgenic rice promotes pathogen infection by suppressing the host immune responses. Our results reveal a previously unidentified fungal infection strategy in which the pathogen deploys a family of tyrosine phosphatases to stabilize a negative immune regulator in the host plant to facilitate its infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhang Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Anfei Fang
- Department of Plant Pathology, the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shanshan Qiu
- Department of Plant Pathology, the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guosheng Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyang Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanzhi Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junjun Wei
- Department of Plant Pathology, the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Plant Pathology, the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyun Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Baohui Mou
- Department of Plant Pathology, the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuhao Cui
- Department of Plant Pathology, the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Ding ZH, Gao Q, Tong X, Xu WY, Ma L, Zhang ZJ, Wang Y, Wang XB. MAPKs trigger antiviral immunity by directly phosphorylating a rhabdovirus nucleoprotein in plants and insect vectors. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:3110-3127. [PMID: 35567529 PMCID: PMC9338794 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Signaling by the evolutionarily conserved mitogen-activated protein kinase or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) plays critical roles in converting extracellular stimuli into immune responses. However, whether MAPK/ERK signaling induces virus immunity by directly phosphorylating viral effectors remains largely unknown. Barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV) is an economically important plant cytorhabdovirus that is transmitted by the small brown planthopper (SBPH, Laodelphax striatellus) in a propagative manner. Here, we found that the barley (Hordeum vulgare) MAPK MPK3 (HvMPK3) and the planthopper ERK (LsERK) proteins interact with the BYSMV nucleoprotein (N) and directly phosphorylate N protein primarily on serine 290. The overexpression of HvMPK3 inhibited BYSMV infection, whereas barley plants treated with the MAPK pathway inhibitor U0126 displayed greater susceptibility to BYSMV. Moreover, knockdown of LsERK promoted virus infection in SBPHs. A phosphomimetic mutant of the N Ser290 (S290D) completely abolished virus infection because of impaired self-interaction of BYSMV N and formation of unstable N-RNA complexes. Altogether, our results demonstrate that the conserved MAPK and ERK directly phosphorylate the viral nucleoprotein to trigger immunity against cross-kingdom infection of BYSMV in host plants and its insect vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wen-Ya Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lulu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen-Jia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Zhou J, Mu Q, Wang X, Zhang J, Yu H, Huang T, He Y, Dai S, Meng X. Multilayered synergistic regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis by ethylene, jasmonate, and MAPK signaling pathways in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:3066-3087. [PMID: 35543483 PMCID: PMC9338818 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Camalexin, an indolic antimicrobial metabolite, is the major phytoalexin in Arabidopsis thaliana, and plays a crucial role in pathogen resistance. Our previous studies revealed that the Arabidopsis mitogen-activated protein kinases MPK3 and MPK6 positively regulate pathogen-induced camalexin biosynthesis via phosphoactivating the transcription factor WRKY33. Here, we report that the ethylene and jasmonate (JA) pathways act synergistically with the MPK3/MPK6-WRKY33 module at multiple levels to induce camalexin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis upon pathogen infection. The ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR1 (ERF1) transcription factor integrates the ethylene and JA pathways to induce camalexin biosynthesis via directly upregulating camalexin biosynthetic genes. ERF1 also interacts with and depends on WRKY33 to upregulate camalexin biosynthetic genes, indicating that ERF1 and WRKY33 form transcriptional complexes to cooperatively activate camalexin biosynthetic genes, thereby mediating the synergy of ethylene/JA and MPK3/MPK6 signaling pathways to induce camalexin biosynthesis. Moreover, as an integrator of the ethylene and JA pathways, ERF1 also acts as a substrate of MPK3/MPK6, which phosphorylate ERF1 to increase its transactivation activity and therefore further cooperate with the ethylene/JA pathways to induce camalexin biosynthesis. Taken together, our data reveal the multilayered synergistic regulation of camalexin biosynthesis by ethylene, JA, and MPK3/MPK6 signaling pathways via ERF1 and WRKY33 transcription factors in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinggeng Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Qiao Mu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Haoze Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Tengzhou Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yunxia He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Shaojun Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
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28
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Li Z, Fu D, Wang X, Zeng R, Zhang X, Tian J, Zhang S, Yang X, Tian F, Lai J, Shi Y, Yang S. The transcription factor bZIP68 negatively regulates cold tolerance in maize. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2833-2851. [PMID: 35543494 PMCID: PMC9338793 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays) originated in tropical areas and is thus susceptible to low temperatures, which pose a major threat to maize production. Our understanding of the molecular basis of cold tolerance in maize is limited. Here, we identified bZIP68, a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor, as a negative regulator of cold tolerance in maize. Transcriptome analysis revealed that bZIP68 represses the cold-induced expression of DREB1 transcription factor genes. The stability and transcriptional activity of bZIP68 are controlled by its phosphorylation at the conserved Ser250 residue under cold stress. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the bZIP68 locus was a target of selection during early domestication. A 358-bp insertion/deletion (Indel-972) polymorphism in the bZIP68 promoter has a significant effect on the differential expression of bZIP68 between maize and its wild ancestor teosinte. This study thus uncovers an evolutionary cis-regulatory variant that could be used to improve cold tolerance in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Diyi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinge Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuaisong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yiting Shi
- Author for correspondence: (Y.S.), (S.Y.)
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29
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Wang S, Wang T, Li Q, Xu C, Tian J, Wang Y, Zhang X, Xu X, Han Z, Wu T. Phosphorylation of MdERF17 by MdMPK4 promotes apple fruit peel degreening during light/dark transitions. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1980-2000. [PMID: 35166845 PMCID: PMC9048921 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
As apple fruits (Malus domestica) mature, they accumulate anthocyanins concomitantly with losing chlorophyll (Chl); however, the molecular pathways and events that coordinate Chl degradation and fruit coloration have not been elucidated. We showed previously that the transcription factor ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR17 (MdERF17) modulates Chl degradation in apple fruit peels and that variation in the pattern of MdERF17 serine (Ser) residues is responsible for differences in its transcriptional regulatory activity. Here, we report that MdERF17 interacts with and is phosphorylated by MAP KINASE4 (MdMPK4-14G). Phosphorylation of MdERF17 at residue Thr67 by MdMPK4-14G is necessary for its transcriptional regulatory activity and its regulation of Chl degradation. We also show that MdERF17 mutants with different numbers of Ser repeat insertions exhibit altered phosphorylation profiles, with more repeats increasing its interaction with MdMPK4. MdMPK4-14G can be activated by exposure to darkness and is involved in the dark-induced degreening of fruit peels. We also demonstrate that greater phosphorylation of MdERF17 by MdMPK4-14G is responsible for the regulation of Chl degradation during light/dark transitions. Overall, our findings reveal the mechanism by which MdMPK4 controls fruit peel coloration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Li
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Xu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Tian
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Ting Wu
- Author for correspondence: (T.W.), (Z.H.)
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30
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ROS homeostasis mediated by MPK4 and SUMM2 determines synergid cell death. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1746. [PMID: 35365652 PMCID: PMC8976062 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29373-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual plant reproduction depends on the attraction of sperm-cell delivering pollen tubes (PT) by two synergids, followed by their programmed cell death (PCD) in Arabidopsis. Disruption of the mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 (MPK4) by pathogenic effectors activates the resistance protein (R) SUMM2-mediated immunity and cell death. Here we show that synergid preservation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis are intimately linked and maintained by MPK4. In mpk4, ROS levels are increased and synergids prematurely undergo PCD before PT-reception. However, ROS scavengers and the disruption of SUMM2, in mpk4, restore ROS homeostasis, synergid maintenance and PT perception, demonstrating that the guardian of MPK4, SUMM2, triggers synergid-PCD. In mpk4/summ2, PTs show a feronia-like overgrowth phenotype. Our results show that immunity-associated PCD and synergid cell death during plant reproduction are regulated by MPK4 underscoring an underlying molecular mechanism for the suppression of plant reproduction during systemic R-mediated immunity. Synergid cells undergo programmed cell death following pollen tube reception and successful fertilization. Here the authors show that premature synergid cell death is prevented by the mitogen activated protein kinase MPK4 and the R protein SUMM2 which maintain ROS homeostasis in Arabidopsis.
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31
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Feng X, Abubakar AS, Yu C, Zhu A, Chen J, Chen K, Gao G, Wang X, Mou P, Shao D, Chen P. Analysis of WRKY Resistance Gene Family in Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich: Crosstalk Mechanisms of Secondary Cell Wall Thickening and Cadmium Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:812988. [PMID: 35432436 PMCID: PMC9010656 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.812988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A total of 60 WRKY family genes of ramie were identified in the ramie. The genes were unevenly distributed across 14 chromosomes in the specie and highly concentrated (72%) in the distal telomeric region. Phylogenetic analysis placed these genes into seven distinct subfamilies groups: I, II (a, b, c, d, e), and III, with group IIc containing only the variant of heptapetide sequence (WRKYGKK). Segmental duplication events (41.7%) was found to be the main driver of BnGWRKY evolution. Thirty eight from among the genes showed collinear relationships with WRKY genes from Arabidopsis thaliana, Cannabis sativa, Oryza sativa, and Zea mays. The number and density of stress and hormone responsives cis-acting elements were comparably higher than other elements, with abundant ARE and rare LTR cis-acting elements indicating the long-standing adaptability of ramie to its natural environment. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of the WRKY target genes revealed their involvement in response to stimuli, immune system processes, transporter protein activity and antioxidant activity. Expression analysis show that most WRKYs were activated by the cadmium stress, more especially the BnGWRKY2, BnGWRKY15, BnGWRKY20, BnGWRKY50 and BnGWRKY58. Combining transcriptome, orthologous gene relationships and qPCR result, we established the possible involvement of BnGWRKY50 and BnGWRKY58 in crosstalk mechanism between secondary cell wall thickening and Cd2+ stress. This provided information into the role of BnGWRKY proteins in ramie secondary wall development and cadmium stress response to, and could serve as basis for improvement of the ramie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinkang Feng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Aminu Shehu Abubakar
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
- Department of Agronomy, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Chunming Yu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Aiguo Zhu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jikang Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Kunmei Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Gao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Pan Mou
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Deyi Shao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
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32
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Sun T, Zhang Y. MAP kinase cascades in plant development and immune signaling. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e53817. [PMID: 35041234 PMCID: PMC8811656 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are important signaling modules regulating diverse biological processes. During the past 20 years, much progress has been made on the functions of MAPK cascades in plants. This review summarizes the roles of MAPKs, known MAPK substrates, and our current understanding of MAPK cascades in plant development and innate immunity. In addition, recent findings on the molecular links connecting surface receptors to MAPK cascades and the mechanisms underlying MAPK signaling specificity are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongjun Sun
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
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33
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Reactive Oxygen Species in Plants: From Source to Sink. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020225. [PMID: 35204108 PMCID: PMC8868209 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS, partial reduction or derivatives of free radicals) are highly reactive, dangerous and can cause oxidative cell death. In addition to their role as toxic by-products of aerobic metabolism, ROS play a role in the control and regulation of biological processes such as growth, the cell cycle, programmed cell death, hormone signaling, biotic and abiotic stress reactions and development. ROS always arise in plants as a by-product of several metabolic processes that are located in different cell compartments, or as a result of the inevitable escape of electrons to oxygen from the electron transport activities of chloroplasts, mitochondria and plasma membranes. These reactive species are formed in chloroplasts, mitochondria, plasma membranes, peroxisomes, apoplasts, the endoplasmic reticulum and cell walls. The action of many non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants present in tissues is required for efficient scavenging of ROS generated during various environmental stressors. The current review provides an in-depth look at the fate of ROS in plants, a beneficial role in managing stress and other irregularities. The production sites are also explained with their negative effects. In addition, the biochemical properties and sources of ROS generation, capture systems, the influence of ROS on cell biochemistry and the crosstalk of ROS with other signaling molecules/pathways are discussed.
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34
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 4-Regulated Metabolic Networks. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020880. [PMID: 35055063 PMCID: PMC8779387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 (MPK4) was first identified as a negative regulator of systemic acquired resistance. It is also an important kinase involved in many other biological processes in plants, including cytokinesis, reproduction, and photosynthesis. Arabidopsis thaliana mpk4 mutant is dwarf and sterile. Previous omics studies including genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics have revealed new functions of MPK4 in different biological processes. However, due to challenges in metabolomics, no study has touched upon the metabolomic profiles of the mpk4 mutant. What metabolites and metabolic pathways are potentially regulated by MPK4 are not known. Metabolites are crucial components of plants, and they play important roles in plant growth and development, signaling, and defense. Here we used targeted and untargeted metabolomics to profile metabolites in the wild type and the mpk4 mutant. We found that in addition to the jasmonic acid and salicylic acid pathways, MPK4 is involved in polyamine synthesis and photosynthesis. In addition, we also conducted label-free proteomics of the two genotypes. The integration of metabolomics and proteomics data allows for an insight into the metabolomic networks that are potentially regulated by MPK4.
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35
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Yip Delormel T, Avila-Ospina L, Davanture M, Zivy M, Lang J, Valentin N, Rayapuram N, Hirt H, Colcombet J, Boudsocq M. In vivo identification of putative CPK5 substrates in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 314:111121. [PMID: 34895550 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Calcium signaling mediates most developmental processes and stress responses in plants. Among plant calcium sensors, the calcium-dependent protein kinases display a unique structure harboring both calcium sensing and kinase responding activities. AtCPK5 is an essential member of this family in Arabidopsis that regulates immunity and abiotic stress tolerance. To understand the underlying molecular mechanisms, we implemented a biochemical approach to identify in vivo substrates of AtCPK5. We generated transgenic lines expressing a constitutively active form of AtCPK5 under the control of a dexamethasone-inducible promoter. Lines expressing a kinase-dead version were used as a negative control. By comparing the phosphoproteome of the kinase-active and kinase-dead lines upon dexamethasone treatment, we identified 5 phosphopeptides whose abundance increased specifically in the kinase-active lines. Importantly, we showed that all 5 proteins were phosphorylated in vitro by AtCPK5 in a calcium-dependent manner, suggesting that they are direct targets of AtCPK5. We also detected several interaction patterns between the kinase and the candidates in the cytosol, membranes or nucleus, consistent with the ubiquitous localization of AtCPK5. Finally, we further validated the two phosphosites S245 and S280 targeted by AtCPK5 in the E3 ubiquitin ligase ATL31. Altogether, those results open new perspectives to decipher AtCPK5 biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Yip Delormel
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405, Orsay, France; Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405, Orsay, France.
| | - Liliana Avila-Ospina
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405, Orsay, France; Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405, Orsay, France.
| | - Marlène Davanture
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Génétique Quantitative et Évolution (GQE) - Le Moulon, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Michel Zivy
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Génétique Quantitative et Évolution (GQE) - Le Moulon, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Julien Lang
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405, Orsay, France; Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405, Orsay, France.
| | - Nicolas Valentin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405, Orsay, France; Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405, Orsay, France.
| | - Naganand Rayapuram
- Center for Desert Agriculture, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Center for Desert Agriculture, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jean Colcombet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405, Orsay, France; Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405, Orsay, France.
| | - Marie Boudsocq
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405, Orsay, France; Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405, Orsay, France.
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36
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Xiang Y, Bian X, Wei T, Yan J, Sun X, Han T, Dong B, Zhang G, Li J, Zhang A. ZmMPK5 phosphorylates ZmNAC49 to enhance oxidative stress tolerance in maize. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:2400-2417. [PMID: 34618923 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) is a critical regulator of the antioxidant defence system in response to various stimuli. However, how MPK directly and exactly regulates antioxidant enzyme activities is still unclear. Here, we demonstrated that a NAC transcription factor ZmNAC49 mediated the regulation of antioxidant enzyme activities by ZmMPK5. ZmNAC49 expression is induced by oxidative stress. ZmNAC49 enhances oxidative stress tolerance in maize, and it also reduces superoxide anion generation and increases superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. A detailed study showed that ZmMPK5 directly interacts with and phosphorylates ZmNAC49 in vitro and in vivo. ZmMPK5 directly phosphorylates Thr-26 in NAC subdomain A of ZmNAC49. Mutation at Thr-26 of ZmNAC49 does not affect the interaction with ZmMPK5 and its subcellular localisation. Further analysis found that ZmNAC49 activates the ZmSOD3 expression by directly binding to its promoter. ZmMPK5-mediated ZmNAC49 phosphorylation improves its ability to bind to the ZmSOD3 promoter. Thr-26 of ZmNAC49 is essential for its transcriptional activity. In addition, ZmSOD3 enhances oxidative stress tolerance in maize. Our results show that phosphorylation of Thr-26 in ZmNAC49 by ZmMPK5 increased its DNA-binding activity to the ZmSOD3 promoter, enhanced SOD activity and thereby improved oxidative stress tolerance in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Xiangli Bian
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Tianhui Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Jingwei Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Xiujuan Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Tong Han
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Baicheng Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Gaofeng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Aying Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
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37
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MPK3- and MPK6-mediated VLN3 phosphorylation regulates actin dynamics during stomatal immunity in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6474. [PMID: 34753953 PMCID: PMC8578381 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26827-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon perception of pathogens, plants can rapidly close their stomata to restrict pathogen entry into internal tissue, leading to stomatal immunity as one aspect of innate immune responses. The actin cytoskeleton is required for plant defense against microbial invaders. However, the precise functions of host actin during plant immunity remain largely unknown. Here, we report that Arabidopsis villin3 (VLN3) is critical for plant resistance to bacteria by regulating stomatal immunity. Our in vitro and in vivo phosphorylation assays show that VLN3 is a physiological substrate of two pathogen-responsive mitogen-activated protein kinases, MPK3/6. Quantitative analyses of actin dynamics and genetic studies reveal that VLN3 phosphorylation by MPK3/6 modulates actin remodeling to activate stomatal defense in Arabidopsis. Plants can rapidly close stomata to restrict pathogen entry into leaves. Here the authors show that phosphorylation of villin3 by mitogen-activated protein kinases modulates actin remodeling to activate stomatal defense in Arabidopsis.
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38
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Ferguson JN, Fernandes SB, Monier B, Miller ND, Allen D, Dmitrieva A, Schmuker P, Lozano R, Valluru R, Buckler ES, Gore MA, Brown PJ, Spalding EP, Leakey ADB. Machine learning-enabled phenotyping for GWAS and TWAS of WUE traits in 869 field-grown sorghum accessions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1481-1500. [PMID: 34618065 PMCID: PMC9040483 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a model C4 crop made experimentally tractable by extensive genomic and genetic resources. Biomass sorghum is studied as a feedstock for biofuel and forage. Mechanistic modeling suggests that reducing stomatal conductance (gs) could improve sorghum intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) and biomass production. Phenotyping to discover genotype-to-phenotype associations remains a bottleneck in understanding the mechanistic basis for natural variation in gs and iWUE. This study addressed multiple methodological limitations. Optical tomography and a machine learning tool were combined to measure stomatal density (SD). This was combined with rapid measurements of leaf photosynthetic gas exchange and specific leaf area (SLA). These traits were the subject of genome-wide association study and transcriptome-wide association study across 869 field-grown biomass sorghum accessions. The ratio of intracellular to ambient CO2 was genetically correlated with SD, SLA, gs, and biomass production. Plasticity in SD and SLA was interrelated with each other and with productivity across wet and dry growing seasons. Moderate-to-high heritability of traits studied across the large mapping population validated associations between DNA sequence variation or RNA transcript abundance and trait variation. A total of 394 unique genes underpinning variation in WUE-related traits are described with higher confidence because they were identified in multiple independent tests. This list was enriched in genes whose Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) putative orthologs have functions related to stomatal or leaf development and leaf gas exchange, as well as genes with nonsynonymous/missense variants. These advances in methodology and knowledge will facilitate improving C4 crop WUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Ferguson
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
| | - Samuel B Fernandes
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
| | - Brandon Monier
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, New
York 14853, USA
| | - Nathan D Miller
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
53706, USA
| | - Dylan Allen
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
| | - Anna Dmitrieva
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
| | - Peter Schmuker
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
| | - Roberto Lozano
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science,
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Ravi Valluru
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, New
York 14853, USA
- Present address: Lincoln Institute for Agri-Food Technology,
University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN2 2LG, UK
| | - Edward S Buckler
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, New
York 14853, USA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science,
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Michael A Gore
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science,
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Patrick J Brown
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
- Present address: Section of Agricultural Plant Biology,
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, California 95616,
USA
| | - Edgar P Spalding
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
53706, USA
| | - Andrew D B Leakey
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
- Author for communication: ,
Present address: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA,
UK
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39
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Ferguson JN, Fernandes SB, Monier B, Miller ND, Allen D, Dmitrieva A, Schmuker P, Lozano R, Valluru R, Buckler ES, Gore MA, Brown PJ, Spalding EP, Leakey ADB. Machine learning-enabled phenotyping for GWAS and TWAS of WUE traits in 869 field-grown sorghum accessions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1481-1500. [PMID: 34618065 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a model C4 crop made experimentally tractable by extensive genomic and genetic resources. Biomass sorghum is studied as a feedstock for biofuel and forage. Mechanistic modeling suggests that reducing stomatal conductance (gs) could improve sorghum intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) and biomass production. Phenotyping to discover genotype-to-phenotype associations remains a bottleneck in understanding the mechanistic basis for natural variation in gs and iWUE. This study addressed multiple methodological limitations. Optical tomography and a machine learning tool were combined to measure stomatal density (SD). This was combined with rapid measurements of leaf photosynthetic gas exchange and specific leaf area (SLA). These traits were the subject of genome-wide association study and transcriptome-wide association study across 869 field-grown biomass sorghum accessions. The ratio of intracellular to ambient CO2 was genetically correlated with SD, SLA, gs, and biomass production. Plasticity in SD and SLA was interrelated with each other and with productivity across wet and dry growing seasons. Moderate-to-high heritability of traits studied across the large mapping population validated associations between DNA sequence variation or RNA transcript abundance and trait variation. A total of 394 unique genes underpinning variation in WUE-related traits are described with higher confidence because they were identified in multiple independent tests. This list was enriched in genes whose Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) putative orthologs have functions related to stomatal or leaf development and leaf gas exchange, as well as genes with nonsynonymous/missense variants. These advances in methodology and knowledge will facilitate improving C4 crop WUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Ferguson
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
| | - Samuel B Fernandes
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
| | - Brandon Monier
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Nathan D Miller
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Dylan Allen
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
| | - Anna Dmitrieva
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
| | - Peter Schmuker
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
| | - Roberto Lozano
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Ravi Valluru
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Edward S Buckler
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Michael A Gore
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Patrick J Brown
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
| | - Edgar P Spalding
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Andrew D B Leakey
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61901, USA
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40
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Kalapos B, Juhász C, Balogh E, Kocsy G, Tóbiás I, Gullner G. Transcriptome profiling of pepper leaves by RNA-Seq during an incompatible and a compatible pepper-tobamovirus interaction. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20680. [PMID: 34667194 PMCID: PMC8526828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon virus infections, the rapid and comprehensive transcriptional reprogramming in host plant cells is critical to ward off virus attack. To uncover genes and defense pathways that are associated with virus resistance, we carried out the transcriptome-wide Illumina RNA-Seq analysis of pepper leaves harboring the L3 resistance gene at 4, 8, 24 and 48 h post-inoculation (hpi) with two tobamoviruses. Obuda pepper virus (ObPV) inoculation led to hypersensitive reaction (incompatible interaction), while Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) inoculation resulted in a systemic infection without visible symptoms (compatible interaction). ObPV induced robust changes in the pepper transcriptome, whereas PMMoV showed much weaker effects. ObPV markedly suppressed genes related to photosynthesis, carbon fixation and photorespiration. On the other hand, genes associated with energy producing pathways, immune receptors, signaling cascades, transcription factors, pathogenesis-related proteins, enzymes of terpenoid biosynthesis and ethylene metabolism as well as glutathione S-transferases were markedly activated by ObPV. Genes related to photosynthesis and carbon fixation were slightly suppressed also by PMMoV. However, PMMoV did not influence significantly the disease signaling and defense pathways. RNA-Seq results were validated by real-time qPCR for ten pepper genes. Our findings provide a deeper insight into defense mechanisms underlying tobamovirus resistance in pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Kalapos
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Lóránt Research Network (ELKH), Brunszvik utca 2, Martonvásár, 2462, Hungary
| | - Csilla Juhász
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Lóránt Research Network (ELKH), Herman Ottó út 15, Budapest, 1022, Hungary
| | - Eszter Balogh
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Lóránt Research Network (ELKH), Brunszvik utca 2, Martonvásár, 2462, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kocsy
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Lóránt Research Network (ELKH), Brunszvik utca 2, Martonvásár, 2462, Hungary
| | - István Tóbiás
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Lóránt Research Network (ELKH), Herman Ottó út 15, Budapest, 1022, Hungary
| | - Gábor Gullner
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Lóránt Research Network (ELKH), Herman Ottó út 15, Budapest, 1022, Hungary.
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41
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Xu Y, Liu H, Gao Y, Xiong R, Wu M, Zhang K, Xiang Y. The TCP transcription factor PeTCP10 modulates salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1971-1987. [PMID: 34392380 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02765-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PeTCP10 can be induced by salt stresses and play important regulation roles in salt stresses response in transgenic Arabidopsis. Salt stress is one of the major adverse environmental factors that affect normal plant development and growth. PeTCP10, a Class I TCP member, was markedly expressed in moso bamboo mature leaf, root and stem under normal conditions and also induced by salt stress. Overexpressed PeTCP10 was found to enhance salt tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis at the vegetative growth stage. It was also found capable to increase relative water content, while decreasing relative electrolyte leakage and Na+ accumulation of transgenic Arabidopsis versus wild-type (WT) plants at high-salt conditions. In addition, it improved antioxidant capacity of transgenic Arabidopsis plants by promoting catalase activity and enhanced their H2O2 tolerance. In contrast to WT plants, transcriptome analysis demonstrated that multiple genes related to abscisic acid, salt and H2O2 response were induced after NaCl treatment in transgenic plants. Meanwhile, overexpressed PeTCP10 improved the tolerance of abscisic acid. Moreover, luciferase reporter assay results showed that PeTCP10 is able to directly activate the expression of BT2 in transgenic plants. In contrary, the germination rates of transgenic plants were significantly lower than those of WT plants under high-NaCl conditions. Both primary root length and survival rate at the seedling stage are also found lower in transgenic plants than in WT plants. It is concluded that overexpressed PeTCP10 enhances salt stress tolerance of transgenic plants at the vegetative growth stage, and it also improves salt sensitiveness in both germination and seedling stages. These research results will contribute to further understand the functions of TCPs in abiotic stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzeng Xu
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Huanlong Liu
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yameng Gao
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Rui Xiong
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Min Wu
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Kaimei Zhang
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yan Xiang
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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42
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Natural variation in a type-A response regulator confers maize chilling tolerance. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4713. [PMID: 34354054 PMCID: PMC8342596 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25001-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is a cold-sensitive species that often faces chilling stress, which adversely affects growth and reproduction. However, the genetic basis of low-temperature adaptation in maize remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that natural variation in the type-A Response Regulator 1 (ZmRR1) gene leads to differences in chilling tolerance among maize inbred lines. Association analysis reveals that InDel-35 of ZmRR1, encoding a protein harboring a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) phosphorylation residue, is strongly associated with chilling tolerance. ZmMPK8, a negative regulator of chilling tolerance, interacts with and phosphorylates ZmRR1 at Ser15. The deletion of a 45-bp region of ZmRR1 harboring Ser15 inhibits its degradation via the 26 S proteasome pathway by preventing its phosphorylation by ZmMPK8. Transcriptome analysis indicates that ZmRR1 positively regulates the expression of ZmDREB1 and Cellulose synthase (CesA) genes to enhance chilling tolerance. Our findings thus provide a potential genetic resource for improving chilling tolerance in maize. The genetic basis of low-temperature tolerance in maize is unclear. Here, the authors show that the type-A Response Regulator 1 (ZmRR1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK8) are positive and negative regulators of maize chilling tolerance, and ZmRR1 is phosphorylated by ZmMPK8 during cold treatment.
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43
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Gough C, Sadanandom A. Understanding and Exploiting Post-Translational Modifications for Plant Disease Resistance. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1122. [PMID: 34439788 PMCID: PMC8392720 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are constantly threatened by pathogens, so have evolved complex defence signalling networks to overcome pathogen attacks. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are fundamental to plant immunity, allowing rapid and dynamic responses at the appropriate time. PTM regulation is essential; pathogen effectors often disrupt PTMs in an attempt to evade immune responses. Here, we cover the mechanisms of disease resistance to pathogens, and how growth is balanced with defence, with a focus on the essential roles of PTMs. Alteration of defence-related PTMs has the potential to fine-tune molecular interactions to produce disease-resistant crops, without trade-offs in growth and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ari Sadanandom
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK;
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44
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Shi L, Zhang K, Xie L, Yang M, Xie B, He S, Liu Z. The Pepper Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase CaMAPK7 Acts as a Positive Regulator in Response to Ralstonia solanacearum Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:664926. [PMID: 34295316 PMCID: PMC8290481 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.664926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways play a vital role in multiple plant processes, including growth, development, and stress signaling, but their involvement in response to Ralstonia solanacearum is poorly understood, particularly in pepper plants. Herein, CaMAPK7 was identified from the pepper genome and functionally analyzed. The accumulations of CaMAPK7 transcripts and promoter activities were both significantly induced in response to R. solanacearum strain FJC100301 infection, and exogenously applied phytohormones, including methyl jasmonate (MeJA), brassinolide (BR), salicylic acid (SA), and ethephon (ETN), were decreased by abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of CaMAPK7 significantly enhanced the susceptibility of pepper plants to infection by R. solanacearum and downregulated the defense-related marker genes, including CaDEF1, CaPO2, CaSAR82A, and CaWRKY40. In contrast, the ectopic overexpression of CaMAPK7 in transgenic tobacco enhanced resistance to R. solanacearum and upregulated the defense-associated marker genes, including NtHSR201, NtHSR203, NtPR4, PR1a/c, NtPR1b, NtCAT1, and NtACC. Furthermore, transient overexpression of CaMAPK7 in pepper leaves triggered intensive hypersensitive response (HR)-like cell death, H2O2 accumulation, and enriched CaWRKY40 at the promoters of its target genes and drove their transcript accumulations, including CaDEF1, CaPO2, and CaSAR82A. Taken together, these data indicate that R. solanacearum infection induced the expression of CaMAPK7, which indirectly modifies the binding of CaWRKY40 to its downstream targets, including CaDEF1, CaPO2, and CaSAR82A, ultimately leading to the activation of pepper immunity against R. solanacearum. The protein that responds to CaMAPK7 in pepper plants should be isolated in the future to build a signaling bridge between CaMAPK7 and CaWRKY40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanping Shi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kan Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Linjing Xie
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingxing Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Baixue Xie
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuilin He
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiqin Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Zhang TY, Li ZQ, Zhao YD, Shen WJ, Chen MS, Gao HQ, Ge XM, Wang HQ, Li X, He JM. Ethylene-induced stomatal closure is mediated via MKK1/3-MPK3/6 cascade to EIN2 and EIN3. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1324-1340. [PMID: 33605510 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MPKs) play essential roles in guard cell signaling, but whether MPK cascades participate in guard cell ethylene signaling and interact with hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), nitric oxide (NO), and ethylene-signaling components remain unclear. Here, we report that ethylene activated MPK3 and MPK6 in the leaves of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana as well as ethylene insensitive2 (ein2), ein3, nitrate reductase1 (nia1), and nia2 mutants, but this effect was impaired in ethylene response1 (etr1), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase AtrbohF, mpk kinase1 (mkk1), and mkk3 mutants. By contrast, the constitutive triple response1 (ctr1) mutant had constitutively active MPK3 and MPK6. Yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and pull-down assays indicated that MPK3 and MPK6 physically interacted with MKK1, MKK3, and the C-terminal region of EIN2 (EIN2 CEND). mkk1, mkk3, mpk3, and mpk6 mutants had typical levels of ethylene-induced H2 O2 generation but impaired ethylene-induced EIN2 CEND cleavage and nuclear translocation, EIN3 protein accumulation, NO production in guard cells, and stomatal closure. These results show that the MKK1/3-MPK3/6 cascade mediates ethylene-induced stomatal closure by functioning downstream of ETR1, CTR1, and H2 O2 to interact with EIN2, thereby promoting EIN3 accumulation and EIN3-dependent NO production in guard cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Yue Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Zhong-Qi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yu-Dong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Wen-Jie Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Meng-Shu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Hai-Quan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xiao-Min Ge
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Hui-Qin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jun-Min He
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
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Zhang H, Li F, Li Z, Cheng J, Chen X, Wang Q, Joosten MH, Shan W, Du Y. Potato StMPK7 is a downstream component of StMKK1 and promotes resistance to the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:644-657. [PMID: 33764635 PMCID: PMC8126187 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A cascade formed by phosphorylation events of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) takes part in plant stress responses. However, the roles of these MAPKs in resistance of potato (Solanum tuberosum) against Phytophthora pathogens is not well studied. Our previous work showed that a Phytophthora infestans RXLR effector targets and stabilizes the negative regulator of MAPK kinase 1 of potato (StMKK1). Because in Arabidopsis thaliana the AtMPK4 is the downstream phosphorylation target of AtMKK1, we performed a phylogenetic analysis and found that potato StMPK4/6/7 are closely related and are orthologs of AtMPK4/5/11/12. Overexpression of StMPK4/7 enhances plant resistance to P. infestans and P. parasitica. Yeast two-hybrid analysis revealed that StMPK7 interacts with StMKK1, and StMPK7 is phosphorylated on flg22 treatment and by expressing constitutively active StMKK1 (CA-StMKK1), indicating that StMPK7 is a direct downstream signalling partner of StMKK1. Overexpression of StMPK7 in potato enhances potato resistance to P. infestans. Constitutively active StMPK7 (CA-StMPK7; StMPK7D198G, E202A ) was found to promote immunity to Phytophthora pathogens and to trigger host cell death when overexpressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Cell death triggered by CA-StMPK7 is SGT1/RAR1-dependent. Furthermore, cell death triggered by CA-StMPK7 is suppressed on coexpression with the salicylate hydroxylase NahG, and StMPK7 activation promotes salicylic acid (SA)-responsive gene expression. We conclude that potato StMPK7 is a downstream signalling component of the phosphorelay cascade involving StMKK1 and StMPK7 plays a role in immunity to Phytophthora pathogens via an SA-dependent signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houxiao Zhang
- College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F University and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasYanglingChina
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for VegetablesYanglingChina
| | - Fangfang Li
- College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F University and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasYanglingChina
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for VegetablesYanglingChina
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F University and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasYanglingChina
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for VegetablesYanglingChina
| | - Jing Cheng
- College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F University and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasYanglingChina
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for VegetablesYanglingChina
| | - Xiaokang Chen
- College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F University and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasYanglingChina
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for VegetablesYanglingChina
| | - Qinhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | | | - Weixing Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Yu Du
- College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F University and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasYanglingChina
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for VegetablesYanglingChina
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Yang Q, Guo J, Zeng H, Xu L, Xue J, Xiao S, Li JF. The receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase CDG1 negatively regulates Arabidopsis pattern-triggered immunity and is involved in AvrRpm1-induced RIN4 phosphorylation. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:1341-1360. [PMID: 33619522 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis CDG1 negatively regulates flg22- and chitin-triggered immunity by promoting FLS2 and CERK1 degradation and is partially required for bacterial effector AvrRpm1-induced RIN4 phosphorylation. Negative regulators play indispensable roles in pattern-triggered immunity in plants by preventing sustained immunity impeding growth. Here, we report Arabidopsis thaliana CONSTITUTIVE DIFFERENTIAL GROWTH1 (CDG1), a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase VII member, as a negative regulator of bacterial flagellin/flg22- and fungal chitin-triggered immunity. CDG1 can interact with the flg22 receptor FLAGELLIN SENSITIVE2 (FLS2) and chitin co-receptor CHITIN ELICITOR RECEPTOR KINASE1 (CERK1). CDG1 overexpression impairs flg22 and chitin responses by promoting the degradation of FLS2 and CERK1. This process requires the kinase activity of MEK KINASE1 (MEKK1), but not the Plant U-Box (PUB) ubiquitin E3 ligases PUB12 and PUB13. Interestingly, the Pseudomonas syringae effector AvrRpm1 can induce CDG1 to interact with its host target RPM1-INTERACTING PROTEIN4 (RIN4), which depends on the ADP-ribosyl transferase activity of AvrRpm1. CDG1 is capable of phosphorylating RIN4 in vitro at multiple sites including Thr166 and the AvrRpm1-induced Thr166 phosphorylation of RIN4 is diminished in cdg1 null plants. Accordingly, CDG1 knockout attenuates AvrRpm1-induced hypersensitive response and increases the growth of AvrRpm1-secreting bacteria in plants. Unexpectedly, AvrRpm1 can also induce FLS2 depletion, which is fully dependent on RIN4 and partially dependent on CDG1, but does not require the kinase activity of MEKK1. Collectively, this study reveals previously unknown functions of CDG1 in both pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered susceptibility in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujiao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jianhang Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hairuo Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lahong Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiao Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shi Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Xin J, Li C, Ning K, Qin Y, Shang JX, Sun Y. AtPFA-DSP3, an atypical dual-specificity protein tyrosine phosphatase, affects salt stress response by modulating MPK3 and MPK6 activity. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1534-1548. [PMID: 33464564 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation, especially serine/threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation, plays significant roles in signalling during plant growth and development as well as plant responses to biotic or abiotic stresses. Dual-specificity protein tyrosine phosphatases dephosphorylate components of these signalling pathways. Here, we report that an atypical dual-specificity protein tyrosine phosphatase, AtPFA-DSP3 (DSP3), negatively affects the response of plants to high-salt conditions. A DSP3 loss-of-function mutant showed reduced sensitivity to salt treatment. DSP3 was primarily localized in nuclei and was degraded during salt treatment. Compared to wild type, the level of ROS was lower in the dsp3 mutant and higher in plants ectopically expressing DSP3, indicating that higher DSP3 level was associated with increased ROS production. DSP3 interacted with and dephosphorylated MPK3 and MPK6. Genetic analyses of a dsp3mpk3 double mutant revealed that DSP3's effect on salt stress depends on MPK3. Moreover, the phosphatase activity of DSP3 was required for its role in salt signalling. These results indicate that DSP3 is a negative regulator of salt responses in Arabidopsis by directly modulating the accumulation of phosphorylated MPK3 and MPK6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chuanling Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kexin Ning
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jian-Xiu Shang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Li N, Yang Z, Li J, Xie W, Qin X, Kang Y, Zhang Q, Li X, Xiao J, Ma H, Wang S. Two VQ Proteins are Substrates of the OsMPKK6-OsMPK4 Cascade in Rice Defense Against Bacterial Blight. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:39. [PMID: 33913048 PMCID: PMC8081811 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00483-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plant-specific valine-glutamine (VQ) protein family with the conserved motif FxxxVQxLTG reportedly functions with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in plant immunity. However, the roles of VQ proteins in MAPK-mediated resistance to disease in rice remain largely unknown. RESULTS In this study, two rice VQ proteins OsVQ14 and OsVQ32 were newly identified to function as the signaling components of a MAPK cascade, OsMPKK6-OsMPK4, to regulate rice resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Both OsVQ14 and OsVQ32 positively regulated rice resistance to Xoo. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that OsVQ14 and OsVQ32 physically interacted with and were phosphorylated by OsMPK4. OsMPK4 was highly phosphorylated in transgenic plants overexpressing OsMPKK6, which showed enhanced resistance to Xoo. Meanwhile, phosphorylated OsVQ14 and OsVQ32 were also markedly accumulated in OsMPKK6-overexpressing transgenic plants. CONCLUSIONS We discovered that OsVQ14 and OsVQ32 functioned as substrates of the OsMPKK6-OsMPK4 cascade to enhance rice resistance to Xoo, thereby defining a more complete signal transduction pathway for induced defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zeyu Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Juan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenya Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaofeng Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuanrong Kang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qinglu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xianghua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinghua Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Haigang Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Shiping Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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50
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Zhao Y, Li SL, Chen HY, Zou Y, Zheng QW, Guo LQ, Wu GH, Lu J, Lin JF, Ye ZW. Enhancement of carotenoid production and its regulation in edible mushroom Cordyceps militaris by abiotic stresses. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 148:109808. [PMID: 34116757 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris carotenoids are widely used as food additives, animal feed supplements, and so on. However, the biosynthetic pathway of carotenoids in C. militaris is still obscure. In this paper, changes of mycelial morphology and carotenoid accumulation of C. militaris were investigated under oxidative (KMnO4) and osmotic stress (NaCl). Subsequently, qRT-PCR was employed to detect the expression levels of genes related to carotenogenesis to explore the mechanism of adaptation to abiotic stress. When the concentrations of KMnO4 and NaCl were respectively 0.4 g/L and 2 g/L, carotenoid accumulation reached a maximum of 6616.82 ± 666.43 μg/g and 6416.77 ± 537.02 μg/g. Under the oxidative stress condition of KMnO4, the expressions of psy and hsp70 increased significantly compared with control. Besides, the genes fus3 and hog1 were significantly enriched in the MAPK signal pathway. Compared with the control group, there was no significant difference in expression of psy in the NaCl group. Moreover, the accumulation of triacylglycerols may contribute significantly to the increase in carotenoid accumulation. The increased accumulation of antioxidant carotenoids induced under environmental stress is to resist oxidative conditions. Fus3 and Hog1 signaling in the MAPK pathway was activated and subsequently take effects on the resistance of oxidative condition by regulating related metabolic processes. C. militaris resist the stress of high oxygen by producing a large amount of glycerol and carotenoids when this fungus is cultured in a saline environment for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shu-Li Li
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hai-Ying Chen
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yuan Zou
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qian-Wang Zheng
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Li-Qiong Guo
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Guang-Hong Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Faculty of Health & Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jun-Fang Lin
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Zhi-Wei Ye
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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