1
|
Rolle LD, Parra A, Baral A, Trejos RF, Chery MJ, Clavon R, Crane TE. Differences in modifiable cancer risk behaviors by nativity (US-born v. Non-US-born) and length of time in the US. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305395. [PMID: 39196910 PMCID: PMC11355569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have identified racial-ethnic disparities in modifiable risk factors for cancers. However, the impact of US nativity on these risks is understudied. Hence, we assessed the association between US nativity and length of time in the US on modifiable cancer risk factors. Utilizing the 2010 and 2015 National Health Interview Survey datasets, we analyzed 8,861 US-born and non-US-born adults. Key variables included age, sex, race-ethnicity, education, income, diet, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking. Statistical methods included descriptive statistics and regression. Most respondents were US-born (n = 7,370), followed by long-term (≥15 years, n = 928), and recent (<15 years, n = 563) immigrants. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was higher among US-born individuals (342.45 minutes/week), compared to recent (249.74 minutes/week) and long-term immigrants (255.19 minutes/week). Recent immigrants consumed more fruits (1.37 cups/day) and long-term immigrants more vegetables (1.78 cups/day) than US-born individuals. Multivariate analyses found recent immigrants had lower odds of consuming alcohol (AOR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.21-0.50) and smoking (AOR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.19-0.46), and higher odds of meeting fruit consumption guidelines (AOR: 2.80, 95% CI: 1.76-4.45) compared to US-born individuals. Long-term immigrants had lower odds of alcohol consumption (AOR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.37-0.84) and smoking (AOR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.30-0.59), and higher odds for meeting fruit (AOR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.22-2.86) and fiber (AOR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.02-4.05) consumption guidelines. Our findings illustrate the importance of considering the impact nativity and length of US residency has on health. Our findings underscore the need for culturally tailored public health strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- LaShae D. Rolle
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Alexa Parra
- University of Miami School of Nursing and Health Studies, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Amrit Baral
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- University of Miami School of Nursing and Health Studies, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Rolando F. Trejos
- University of South Florida College of Public Health, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Maurice J. Chery
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Reanna Clavon
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Tracy E. Crane
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yahirun J, Torres J. Consequences of deferred action for childhood arrivals for parent health: Applying a social foreground perspective. JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY 2024; 86:910-930. [PMID: 39035851 PMCID: PMC11257373 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Objective This study applies a social foreground perspective to assess whether the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program impacted the self-rated health of coresident parents of DACA-eligible individuals. Background DACA status grants a temporary work permit and allows for a stay of deportation for undocumented persons who entered the United States as children. Although research points to the positive health benefits of DACA for its recipients, less is known about whether the program affects the health of family members, including parents. Method This study uses data from the National Health Interview Study (2008-2015) on foreign-born adults and their coresident parents. We applied a difference-in-differences design to examine whether the self-rated health of coresident mothers and fathers changed following the passage of DACA for DACA-eligible individuals. Results In contrast to expectations, DACA was associated with worse self-rated health among coresident, partnered parents. These results may be because DACA also decreased the likelihood of coresiding with parents and changed the composition of coresident parents themselves. Following DACA, fewer eligible offspring lived with parents overall, but among those that did, parents tended to be older and less healthy. Conclusion Findings underscore how DACA may be used as a resource to support older parents experiencing health challenges, in particular among older undocumented immigrants, who make up a growing share of the undocumented population in the United States.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacqueline Torres
- Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Borrell LN, Markides KS. Will the Health Status of the Changing Hispanic Population Remain 'Paradoxical'? Am J Public Health 2024; 114:S431-S435. [PMID: 39083746 PMCID: PMC11292279 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2024.307697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa N Borrell
- Luisa N. Borrell is a distinguished professor of epidemiology & biostatistics at the Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, NY, and an associate editor of AJPH. Kyriakos S. Markides is with the School of Public and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston. Luisa N. Borrell is also a guest editor for this supplemental issue
| | - Kyriakos S Markides
- Luisa N. Borrell is a distinguished professor of epidemiology & biostatistics at the Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, NY, and an associate editor of AJPH. Kyriakos S. Markides is with the School of Public and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston. Luisa N. Borrell is also a guest editor for this supplemental issue
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Young MEDT, Sudhinaraset M, Tafolla S, Nakphong M, Yan Y, Kietzman K. The "disproportionate costs" of immigrant policy on the health of Latinx and Asian immigrants. Soc Sci Med 2024; 353:117034. [PMID: 38905924 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that Asian and Latinx immigrants' health and health care access is shaped by immigrant policies that determine their rights, protections, and access to resources and the extent to which they are targeted by policing or deportation based on citizenship/legal status and other immigration-related social categories. However, there is limited population-based evidence of how immigrants experience the direct consequences of policies, nor of the impact of such consequences on their health. Between 2018 and 2020, we conducted the Research on Immigrant Health and State Policy (RIGHTS) Study, developing a population-based survey of Asian and Latinx immigrants in California (n = 2010) that measured 23 exclusionary experiences under health care and social services, education, labor/employment, and immigration enforcement policies. Applying Ruth Wilson Gilmore's concept of "disproportionate costs," we conducted a latent class analysis (LCA) and regression models of the RIGHTS data to 1) describe patterns of immigrant policy exclusion experienced by Asian and Latinx immigrants and 2) test relationships between patterns of policy exclusion and health care access and health status. LCA analyses identified 6 classes of distinct combinations of policy exclusions. In regression analyses, respondents in the class with cumulative exclusions across all policy sectors had the worst health care access and highest level of psychological distress, but the best self-rated health; while those in the class with employment and enforcement exclusions also had poor health care access. Respondents in the other 3 classes experienced combinations of health and social services exclusions, but these alone were not associated with worse outcomes. Findings show that the consequences of immigrant policies harm health through both cumulative exposure to and intersections of exclusions across policy sectors. Labor/employment and immigration enforcement policies, specifically, likely drive health inequities within immigrant populations. The RIGHTS study highlights the need to measure the cumulative and intersecting "disproportionate costs" of immigrant policy within diverse immigrant populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Elena De Trinidad Young
- Department of Public Health, School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, University of California, 5200 N Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA.
| | - May Sudhinaraset
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, 650 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sharon Tafolla
- Department of Public Health, School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, University of California, 5200 N Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Michelle Nakphong
- Division of Prevention Science, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. 550 16th St. 3rd Fl., San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Yueqi Yan
- Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, University of California, 5200 N Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Kathryn Kietzman
- Center for Health Policy Research, University of California, 10960 Wilshire Blvd #1550, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Elhabashy M, Chiangong J, Villalobos K, Montiel Ishino FA, Adzrago D, Williams F. Prevalence of depressive symptoms among Hispanic/Latino ethnic subgroups during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6727. [PMID: 38509221 PMCID: PMC10954677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Hispanic/Latino populations experienced disproportionate exposure to depression risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. While aggregated data confirm the risks of depressive symptoms among Hispanic/Latino individuals, little research uses disaggregated data to investigate these risks based on ethnic subgroups. Using the "Understanding the Impact of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Social Distancing on Physical and Psychosocial (Mental) Health and Chronic Diseases" survey, which was distributed nationally between May 13, 2021, and January 9, 2022 (N = 5413), we estimated the prevalence of depressive symptoms among Hispanic/Latino ethnic subgroups during the pandemic. We performed descriptive analysis on a 116-item survey, which collected disaggregated data from Hispanic/Latino individuals aged ≥ 18 years (n = 1181). About one-third of the participants reported depressive symptoms (31.3%), with those who self-identified as other Hispanic/Latino/Spanish origin (40.2%) reporting the highest depressive symptom prevalence. Among participants who reported depression treatment before the pandemic, the highest reports of treatment were among Puerto Rican (81.8%) participants. More than one-third of participants receiving prior depression treatment (38.7%) reported treatment interference by the pandemic, mostly among Central American individuals (50.0%). This study highlights the need for integrating more disaggregated data into public health approaches which seek to target population subgroups and reduce racial/ethnic mental health disparities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Elhabashy
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, 11545 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jolyna Chiangong
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, 11545 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Villalobos
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, 11545 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Francisco A Montiel Ishino
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David Adzrago
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, 11545 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Faustine Williams
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, 11545 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hagos RM, Hamilton TG. Beyond Acculturation: Health and Immigrants' Social Integration in the United States. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2024:221465241231829. [PMID: 38504618 DOI: 10.1177/00221465241231829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Immigrants typically have more favorable health outcomes than their U.S.-born counterparts of the same race-ethnicity. However, little is known about how race-ethnicity and region of birth moderate the health outcomes of different immigrant groups as their tenure of U.S. residence increases. We study the association between time spent in the United States and health outcomes among non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White, Asian, and Hispanic immigrants using National Health Interview Survey data. Although all immigrant groups initially report better health outcomes than their U.S.-born counterparts, the association between U.S. tenure and reported health outcomes varies among immigrants by race-ethnicity and region of birth. Black immigrants have the worst hypertension profiles, and Black and Hispanic immigrants have the worst obesity profiles. The results suggest that acculturation cannot fully explain racial-ethnic differences in the association between U.S. tenure and health outcomes. We advance a more complete sociological theory of immigrant integration to better explain disparate immigrant health profiles.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hernández-Pacheco R, Steiner UK, Rosati AG, Tuljapurkar S. Advancing methods for the biodemography of aging within social contexts. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105400. [PMID: 37739326 PMCID: PMC10591901 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Several social dimensions including social integration, status, early-life adversity, and their interactions across the life course can predict health, reproduction, and mortality in humans. Accordingly, the social environment plays a fundamental role in the emergence of phenotypes driving the evolution of aging. Recent work placing human social gradients on a biological continuum with other species provides a useful evolutionary context for aging questions, but there is still a need for a unified evolutionary framework linking health and aging within social contexts. Here, we summarize current challenges to understand the role of the social environment in human life courses. Next, we review recent advances in comparative biodemography and propose a biodemographic perspective to address socially driven health phenotype distributions and their evolutionary consequences using a nonhuman primate population. This new comparative approach uses evolutionary demography to address the joint dynamics of populations, social dimensions, phenotypes, and life history parameters. The long-term goal is to advance our understanding of the link between individual social environments, population-level outcomes, and the evolution of aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raisa Hernández-Pacheco
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 N Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90840-0004, USA.
| | - Ulrich K Steiner
- Freie Universität Berlin, Biological Institute, Königin-Luise Str. 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra G Rosati
- Departments of Psychology and Anthropology, University of Michigan, 530 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fernández-Rhodes L. Beyond borders: A commentary on the benefit of promoting immigrant populations in genome-wide association studies. HGG ADVANCES 2023; 4:100205. [PMID: 37287864 PMCID: PMC10241976 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Immigrants are an important part of many high-income nations, in that they contribute to the sociocultural tapestry, economic well-being, and demographic diversity of their receiving countries and communities. Yet, genomic studies to date have generally focused on non-immigrant, European-ancestry populations. Although this approach has proven fruitful in discovering and validating genomic loci, within the context of racially/ethnically diverse countries like the United States-wherein half of immigrants hail from Latin America and another quarter from Asia-this approach is insufficient. There is a persistent diversity gap in genomic research in terms of both current samples and genome-wide association studies, meaning that the field's understanding of genetic architecture and gene-environmental interactions is being hampered. In this commentary, I provide motivating examples of recent research developments related to the following: (1) how the increased ancestral diversity, such as seen among Latin American immigrants, improves power to discover and document genomic loci, (2) informs how environmental factors, such as immigration-related exposures, interact with genotypes to influence phenotypes, and (3) how inclusion can be promoted through community-engaged research programs and policies. I conclude that greater inclusion of immigrants in genomic research can move the field forward toward novel discoveries and interventions to address racial/ethnic health disparities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Fernández-Rhodes
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hamilton ER, Orraca-Romano PP, Vargas Valle E. Legal Status, Deportation, and the Health of Returned Migrants from the USA to Mexico. POPULATION RESEARCH AND POLICY REVIEW 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11113-023-09745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
|
10
|
Canizales SL. " Si Mis Papas Estuvieran Aquí": Unaccompanied Youth Workers' Emergent Frame of Reference and Health in the United States. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 64:120-135. [PMID: 36086856 PMCID: PMC10009315 DOI: 10.1177/00221465221122831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Relying on in-depth interviews and ethnographic data in Los Angeles, California, this study examines the health experiences of unaccompanied, undocumented Latin American-origin immigrant youth as they come of age as low-wage workers. Findings demonstrate that unaccompanied, undocumented youth undergo cumulative physical and mental health disadvantages in the United States's secondary labor market and during critical developmental life stages while lacking the parental monitoring and guidance to navigate them. Developing comparisons between their past and present living conditions and between themselves and other youth in Los Angeles-what I refer to as an emergent frame of reference-youth workers come to perceive family disruptions, and especially separation from their parents, as the most salient factor affecting their health. While some youth ultimately resign themselves to short-term attempts to assuage illness, injury, or distress through activities like substance abuse, others pursue community connections and support groups that can sustain them long term.
Collapse
|
11
|
Aranda E, Blackwell R, Escue M, Rosa A. Cascading disasters: The impact of hurricane Maria and Covid-19 on post-disaster Puerto Rican migrants' adaptation and integration in Florida. LATINO STUDIES 2022; 21:1-24. [PMID: 36536946 PMCID: PMC9753070 DOI: 10.1057/s41276-022-00390-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Based on data from 103 surveys of Puerto Rican migrants living in Florida and 54 in-depth interviews with a subgroup of them, we examine how Puerto Ricans who left the archipelago after Hurricane Maria have navigated settlement in their new homes. In this article, we observed and classified our participants' descriptions of how they managed opportunities and challenges regarding education, employment, and social relations, the traditional benchmarks for the assessment of societal integration. We also observed how our participants described Covid-19's interaction with these benchmarks. We found that our participants have experienced a series of cascading disasters since 2017-namely, Hurricane Maria, the earthquakes that affected Puerto Rico starting in late 2019, the humanitarian crises that followed both disasters, and now the global pandemic. These disasters, compounded with migration, have resulted in a process of adaptation to Florida in which social and labor-market integration and the ability to nurture social ties have been significantly diminished.
Collapse
|
12
|
Schut RA, Boen C. State Immigration Policy Contexts and Racialized Legal Status Disparities in Health Care Utilization Among U.S. Agricultural Workers. Demography 2022; 59:2079-2107. [PMID: 36383020 PMCID: PMC10296624 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-10342687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Research links restrictive immigration policies to immigrant health and health care outcomes. Yet most studies in this area focus on the impact of single policies in particular years, with few assessing how broader state-level immigration policy contexts affect groups by nativity, race/ethnicity, and legal status. Linking data from the National Agricultural Workers Survey (2005-2012) with information on state immigration policies, we use an intersectional approach to examine the links between policy contexts and health care utilization by nativity, race/ethnicity, and legal status. We also assess the associations between two specific types of state immigration policies-those governing immigrant access to Medicaid and driver's licenses-and health care utilization disparities. We find that state-level immigration policy contexts are associated with health care utilization among U.S.-born and naturalized U.S. citizen non-White Latinx agricultural workers, who report lower levels of health care utilization and greater barriers to care-seeking in more restrictive policy contexts. By contrast, we find little evidence that state policies shaped health care utilization among undocumented workers. These findings advance understanding of the impact of "policies of exclusion" on the lives of marginalized groups and underscore the importance of racialized legal status in considering the links between sociopolitical contexts and health and health care disparities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Anna Schut
- The Center for Health and the Social Sciences, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Courtney Boen
- Department of Sociology, Population Studies Center, and Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Touma F, Hummer RA. Race/ethnicity, immigrant generation, and physiological dysregulation among U.S. adults entering midlife. Soc Sci Med 2022; 314:115423. [PMID: 36283331 PMCID: PMC10112471 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to better understand racial/ethnic and immigrant generation disparities in physiological dysregulation in the early portion of the adult life course. Using biomarker-measured allostatic load, we focused on the health of child/adolescent immigrant, second-, and third-plus-generation Asian, Black, Hispanic, and White Americans in their late 30s and early 40s. We drew on restricted-access data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), Waves I and V. The results indicate lower levels of physiological dysregulation for most racial/ethnic groups of child/adolescent immigrants relative to both third-plus-generation Whites and third-plus-generation same race/ethnic peers. Socioeconomic, social, and behavioral control variables measured in different parts of the life course had little impact on these patterns. Thus, evidence of an immigrant health advantage is found for this cohort using allostatic load as a measure of physiological dysregulation, even though immigrants in Add Health arrived at the United States during childhood and adolescence. Implications of these findings in the context of immigrant health advantages and trajectories are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Touma
- Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 155 Pauli Murray Hall, CB #3210, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3210, USA; Carolina Population Center, 123 W. Franklin Street, CB #8120, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516-2524, USA.
| | - Robert A Hummer
- Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 155 Pauli Murray Hall, CB #3210, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3210, USA; Carolina Population Center, 123 W. Franklin Street, CB #8120, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516-2524, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cumulative Experiences of Immigration Enforcement Policy and the Physical and Mental Health Outcomes of Asian and Latinx Immigrants in the United States. INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/01979183221126726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Immigration enforcement policies in the United States and other nations have long been enacted and implemented as intentional tools of racial control. There is mounting evidence that immigration raids, arrests, and deportations in the United States are associated with poor immigrant health outcomes, but this research has primarily focused on associations between health and single, specific enforcement actions or experiences that may not capture the entirety of immigrants’ experiences with racialized exclusion. Further, there has been little examination of Asian immigrants’ experiences with enforcement in the United States. This article assesses the relationship between Asian and Latinx immigrants’ physical and mental health and their cumulative experiences of immigration enforcement. We analyze responses to a 2018 population-based telephone survey of 1,103 Asian and Latin American immigrants in California. Participants were asked about seven distinct exclusionary immigration and local law enforcement experiences and their self-rated health (SRH) and psychological distress. We tested the association between each enforcement experience and SRH and psychological distress, controlling for covariates. After creating a cumulative measure of exclusion by summing participants’ total number of enforcement experiences, we examined the association between cumulative enforcement experiences and SRH and psychological distress and tested interactions by ethnicity and citizenship. While a greater proportion of Latinx than Asian participants reported enforcement experiences, each additional enforcement experience was associated with poorer self-rated health and greater psychological distress for both groups. This article suggests that the overall immigration enforcement system, from surveillance to deportation, is associated with worse health outcomes for immigrants.
Collapse
|
15
|
Siddiqui SM. Acculturative stress, everyday racism, and mental health among a community sample of South Asians in Texas. Front Public Health 2022; 10:954105. [PMID: 36353288 PMCID: PMC9638105 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.954105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
South Asian Americans are part of the fastest growing racial/ethnic group in the United States and make up a substantial portion of the U.S. immigrant population. Research on this group has often focused on acculturation, the adoption of different values and behaviors in a new sociocultural environment. While there is evidence to suggest that acculturation (and the stress associated with this process) has a negative effect on the health and well-being of Asian Americans, more recent research has emphasized the need to examine the role of broader social forces-including everyday racism-in impacting mental health. Drawing on the stress process model, this study uses an original survey instrument to investigate the relationships between acculturative stress, anti-Asian racism, and mental health among a community sample of 200 South Asians in Texas. Results from hierarchical multiple regression models indicate that both acculturative stress and everyday racism are strongly linked to higher levels of anxiety-related symptoms and more frequent depressive symptoms. Everyday racism, however, explained variance in these outcomes, well beyond the effect of acculturative stress and other sociodemographic factors. These results underscore the potential benefit and importance of including questions about racism in community health surveys that aim to study health disparities among Asian Americans and highlight the persistence of social issues that U.S. South Asians face.
Collapse
|
16
|
León‐Pérez G, Patterson EJ, Coelho L. Legal status history, gender, and the health of Latino immigrants in the US. INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/imig.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Larissa Coelho
- Department of Sociology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Albright K, de Jesus Diaz Perez M, Trujillo T, Beascochea Y, Sammen J. Addressing health care needs of Colorado immigrants using a community power building approach. Health Serv Res 2022; 57 Suppl 1:111-121. [PMID: 35243625 DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.13933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess and address through policy change the health-care needs of immigrant populations in Colorado. DATA SOURCES Primary data were collected in two Colorado communities from June 2019 through December 2020. STUDY DESIGN This work utilized a mixed-method, community power building approach to determine and meet health-care needs of immigrants, a marginalized population of mixed documentation status. Findings were then used to inform Emergency Medicaid (EM) expansion in Colorado. DATA COLLECTION In-depth interviews were conducted in Spanish, English, and Somali with 47 immigrants in rural Morgan County in June-September 2019; findings were presented to the community for feedback in January-February 2020. In March-December 2020, 330 interviews were conducted in Spanish and English with 208 unique individuals in Morgan and Pueblo Counties by local community grassroots leaders via four rounds of a novel phone tree outreach method. Interviewees were identified through snowball sampling and direct outreach among individuals seeking immediate relief (i.e., food assistance). PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Interviewees reported numerous barriers to health-care access, including discrimination and limited service hours and transportation options. Data also revealed a clear health insurance coverage gap among undocumented immigrants. These data were then presented to Colorado's Department of Health-Care Policy and Financing, ultimately contributing to securing EM expansion to this population to include COVID treatment, including respiratory therapies and outpatient follow-up appointments. Data-informed continued implementation advocacy to ensure the effectiveness of EM program expansion. CONCLUSIONS Immigrants are particularly marginalized by the health-care system. Rapid data collection grounded in a community power-building approach produced data that directly informed state policy and an increased power base. This approach enables direct connection to immediate "downstream" needs in communities while simultaneously building collective systemic "upstream" analysis and capacity of community members and laying pathways to translation and implementation of research into policy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Albright
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Denver-Seattle Center of Innovation (COIN), Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Maria de Jesus Diaz Perez
- Research and Performance Measurement, Center for Improving Value in Health Care, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | | | | | - Joe Sammen
- Center for Health Progress, Denver, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Neuerer R, Settonni R, Hopkins LC. An Exploration of the Health of Hispanic Immigrants and Puerto Rican-born Individuals Based on Time Lived in the United States. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2022.2032899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Neuerer
- Department of Public Health and Prevention Science, School of Health Sciences, College of Education and Health Sciences, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, Ohio, United States
| | - Rocco Settonni
- Department of World Languages, Literatures and Cultures, School of Humanities, College of Arts and Sciences, Baldwin Wallace University
| | - Laura C. Hopkins
- Department of Public Health and Prevention Science, School of Health Sciences, College of Education and Health Sciences, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, Ohio, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
The Effects of Ethno-cultural Origin-Destination Interactions on Immigrants' Longevity. J Immigr Minor Health 2021; 24:1345-1366. [PMID: 34529210 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-021-01245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A large body of research has documented an immigrant mortality advantage. However, we still do not know enough about how interactions between the characteristics of origin and destinations countries shape variabilities in immigrants' experiences and health. In this paper, we examine the effects of ethno-cultural similarities and differences between the country of origin and the country of destination on immigrants' longevity. We use meta-regression methods to examine data on 78 origin and 16 destination countries (1092 risk estimates from 69 studies). In contrast to expectations from approaches that focus on immigration/acculturation stress, we found that a shared official linguistic family, moving to a country where one is not likely to be considered a visible minority, and more integrative immigration policies actually reduce or even eliminate the immigrant mortality advantage. We discuss potential explanations for these findings and argue that selection mechanisms provide a better account.
Collapse
|
20
|
Levchenko Y. Aging into disadvantage: Disability crossover among Mexican immigrants in America. Soc Sci Med 2021; 285:114290. [PMID: 34352506 PMCID: PMC8416786 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The "Hispanic paradox" refers to the accepted finding that Mexican immigrants have lower mortality compared to the US-born population, despite having lower levels of income, educational attainment, and health insurance coverage. However, Mexican immigrants' mortality advantage is not matched by lower disability rates, particularly later in the life course. Past studies have identified a crossover in disability rates for Mexican immigrants using age-specific disability rates but confound the effects of aging and duration of residence. By using the synthetic cohort method, I extend prior work on the disability crossover by tracing immigrant cohorts across the life course and disentangling newly arrived immigrants from those already established in the U.S. I use American Community Survey (ACS) 2015-2019 data to test whether the acculturation or cumulative disadvantage hypotheses account for the disability crossover. I find that, contrary to the expected finding of a socioeconomic health gradient in disability rates, Mexican immigrants' high disability rates converge regardless of education level or immigrant cohort. In addition, Mexican female immigrants are doubly disadvantaged, living in a protracted period of disability compared to males of the same education level. My findings support the negative health acculturation hypothesis as the dominant pathway for Mexican immigrants' later-life disability trajectories and consequently the explanation behind the disability crossover.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliana Levchenko
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, Pennsylvania State University, 412 Oswald Tower, University Park, 16802, Pennsylvania, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cartwright K. Social determinants of the Latinx diabetes health disparity: A Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition analysis. SSM Popul Health 2021; 15:100869. [PMID: 34401459 PMCID: PMC8350406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Latinx people living in the U.S. report a disproportionately high prevalence of diabetes. This project builds on the existing social determinants of diabetes literature by examining factors associated with a greater likelihood of diabetes and investigates factors correlated with the Latinx/non-Latinx disparity. This project studies the adult sample (18 and older) from the 2010–2018 IPUMS Health: National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data. Logistic regression analyses are used to examine the patterns between reporting Latinx identity and reporting diabetes with additional subgroup analyses of the Latinx and non-Latinx groups. Then, Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition is used to examine the patterns explaining the difference in self-reported diabetes between the Latinx and non-Latinx population for the whole sample and by age group. The logistic regression analyses show that after adjusting for age and other key social determinants of health, Latinx individuals are approximately 64.5% (OR 1.645, [95% CI, 1.536–1.760]) more likely to report being diagnosed with diabetes than non-Latinx individuals. Individual characteristics of age, race, and smoking behaviors are identified as suppressors of the gap, and conversely, characteristics of income, education, and BMI all contribute to the Latinx diabetes disparity gap. The Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition results show that the measured social determinants of health characteristics explain a meaningful amount of the Latinx diabetes gap. Importantly, differences in education and income (which are more immediately actionable policy areas) make larger contributions to the gap than BMI or other health behaviors. The Latinx diabetes disparity should always presented after adjusting for age. In the age-adjusted model, Latinx adults are 64.5% more likely to report diabetes. Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition analysis shows how factors such as income, education, and BMI drive the diabetes disparity. Income and education are identified as modifiable factors to be prioritized in policy interventions aimed at reducing the diabetes disparity.
Collapse
|
22
|
The Weight of Being Unauthorized? Legal Status Variation in the Association between US Exposure and Obesity among Hispanic Immigrants in Los Angeles. J Immigr Minor Health 2021; 23:936-945. [PMID: 33983476 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-021-01210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We examine whether exposure to the US, experienced under certain conditions of disadvantage, namely immigrant legal status, is associated with body weight. Using the pooled, cross-sectional 2001 and 2008 Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey (LAFANS) (n = 2063), we examine whether body mass index (BMI) and obesity vary by Hispanic immigrants' legal status and time exposure to the US. The increased risk of obesity associated with greater US exposure is more pronounced among unauthorized Hispanic immigrants compared to their legally resident coethnic peers, after adjusting for age and age-at-arrival. It is not only residing in the US that is associated with increases in body weight, but residing in the US as an unauthorized immigrant. Improved data and methods are needed to facilitate research of greater policy significance and a refined understanding of how health integration processes vary by legal status.
Collapse
|
23
|
Shor E, Roelfs D. A Global Meta-analysis of the Immigrant Mortality Advantage. INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/0197918321996347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A large body of research on the “Healthy Immigrant Effect” (or “Paradox”) has reported an immigrant mortality advantage. However, other studies do not find such significant effects, and some even present contradictory evidence. This article is the first systematic meta-analysis that investigates the immigration-mortality relationship from a global perspective, examining 1,933 all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk estimates from 103 publications. Our comprehensive analysis allows us to assess interactions between origin and destination regions and to reexamine, on a global scale, some of the most notable explanations for the immigrant mortality advantage, including suggestions that this paradox may be primarily the result of selection effects. We find evidence for the existence of a mild immigrant mortality advantage for working-age individuals. However, the relationship holds only for immigrants who moved between certain world regions, particularly those who immigrated from Northern Africa, Asia, and Southern Europe to richer countries. The results highlight the need in the broader migration literature for an increased focus on selection effects and on outcomes for people who chose not to migrate or who were denied entry into their planned destination country.
Collapse
|
24
|
Flores Morales J. Aging and undocumented: The sociology of aging meets immigration status. SOCIOLOGY COMPASS 2021; 15:e12859. [PMID: 33868455 PMCID: PMC8047879 DOI: 10.1111/soc4.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Being undocumented is strongly correlated with low wages, employment in high risk occupations, and poor healthcare access. We know surprisingly little about the social lives of older undocumented adults despite the vast literature about youth and young undocumented migrants. Literature about the immigrant health paradox casts doubts on the argument that unequal social conditions translate to poorer self-reported health and mortality, but few of these studies consider immigration status as the dynamic variable that it is. Reviewing research about older migrants and minorities, I point to the emergence of undocumented older persons as a demographic group that merits attention from researchers and policymakers. This nexus offers important lessons for understanding stratification and inequality. This review offers new research directions that take into account multilevel consequences of growing old undocumented. Rather than arguing that older-aged undocumented migrants are aging into exclusion, I argue that we need careful empirical research to examine how the continuity of exclusion via policies can magnify inequalities on the basis of immigration status and racialization in older age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josefina Flores Morales
- California Center for Population ResearchUniversity of California Los Angeles‐SociologyLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Palarino JV. The Immigrant Health Advantage: An Examination of African-Origin Black Immigrants in the United States. POPULATION RESEARCH AND POLICY REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11113-021-09647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
26
|
Sáenz R, Garcia MA. The Disproportionate Impact of COVID-19 on Older Latino Mortality: The Rapidly Diminishing Latino Paradox. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:e81-e87. [PMID: 32898235 PMCID: PMC7499775 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This brief report aims to highlight stark mortality disparities among older Latinos that result from the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS We use recent data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to compute age-specific death rates (ASDRs) for 3 causes of death: deaths from COVID-19, residual deaths, and total deaths for 4 age groups (55-64, 65-74, 75-84, and 85 and older) to assess the impact of COVID-19 on older Latino mortality relative to non-Latino Whites and non-Latino Blacks and also in comparison to residual deaths. Additionally, we obtain ASDRs for all causes of deaths from 1999 to 2018 to provide a pre-pandemic context and assess the extent to which the consistently observed mortality advantage among Latinos persists during the pandemic. RESULTS Consistent with previous research, our findings show that Latinos have lower ASDRs for non-COVID-19 causes of death across all age groups compared to non-Latino Whites. However, our findings indicate that Latinos have significantly higher ASDRs for COVID-19 deaths than non-Latino Whites. Furthermore, although the Latino advantage for total deaths persists during the pandemic, it has diminished significantly compared to the 1999-2018 period. DISCUSSION Our findings indicate that as a result of the pandemic, the time-tested Latino paradox has rapidly diminished due to higher COVID-19 mortality among older Latino adults compared to non-Latino Whites. Future research should continue to monitor the impact of COVID-19 to assess the disparate impact of the pandemic on older non-Latino Black, Latino, and non-Latino White adults as additional data become available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rogelio Sáenz
- Department of Demography, University of Texas at San Antonio
| | - Marc A Garcia
- Department of Sociology & Institute of Ethnic Studies, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Adia AC, Restar AJ, Nazareno J, Cayanan J, Magante KA, Operario D, Ponce NA. Asian, Latinx, or Multiracial? Assessing Filipinxs' Health Conditions and Outcomes by Aggregate Ethnic Category. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2021; 9:406-412. [PMID: 33594653 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-00971-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Filipinxs are the second-largest Asian subgroup in the USA. While Filipinxs are most often considered Asian when constructing aggregate ethnic categories, recent research has identified a trend of a small portion of Filipinxs identifying as Latinx or multiracial. However, little research had addressed how identification with different aggregate ethnic categories may have implications for identifying health disparities among Filipinxs and how these compare to non-Hispanic whites. METHODS Bivariate and multivariable regression analyses using 2011-2018 California Health Interview Survey data, comparing Asian Filipinxs, Latinx Filipinxs, and multiracial Filipinxs. RESULTS In bivariate analyses, Asian Filipinxs had a higher prevalence of diabetes than Latinx or multiracial Filipinxs. After controlling for sociodemographics, Latinx Filipinxs had significantly lower odds of having diabetes or heart disease than Asian Filipinxs. Compared to non-Latinx Whites, Asian Filipinxs reported higher odds of being in fair/poor health, obese or overweight, high blood pressure, and diabetes, multiracial Filipinxs reported higher odds of being obese or overweight, and Latinx Filipinxs reported lower odds of heart disease. DISCUSSION These findings suggest emerging differences in health linked to identification with different ethnic categories, underscoring the need to investigate nuances among Filipinxs in future research as well as highlighting the utility of emerging sociological insights in health research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Adia
- Philippine Health Initiative for Research, Service, & Training, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Arjee J Restar
- Philippine Health Initiative for Research, Service, & Training, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jennifer Nazareno
- Philippine Health Initiative for Research, Service, & Training, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | | | - Don Operario
- Philippine Health Initiative for Research, Service, & Training, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ninez A Ponce
- UCLA Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jaschke P, Kosyakova Y. Does Facilitated and Early Access to the Healthcare System Improve Refugees’ Health Outcomes? Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Germany. INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/0197918320980413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Because of their often-dramatic, life-threatening flight patterns and resulting pronounced health disparities, many refugees have a great need for medical treatment after arrival to their host countries. In Germany, refugees whose asylum application is not approved or whose duration of stay has not yet exceeded 15 months must request doctor visits, with a considerable amount of bureaucracy, from the local responsible authority. Since 2016, however, several federal states and municipalities in Germany have introduced electronic health cards ( eHCs) which give refugees immediate and unbureaucratic access to the healthcare system. We examine whether being eligible for eHCs because of this policy change had an effect on multidimensional health indicators for refugees in Germany. For empirical identification, we take advantage of variation in policy adoption across German regions and over time. Relying on the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees, we find that being eligible for eHCs because of the policy change improved the mental well-being and subjective health assessment of recently arrived refugees, while having no impact on physical health status. These results can be traced back to the moderating effect of facilitated healthcare access on post-migration stress, which is known to affect primarily psychological well-being. Moreover, facilitated healthcare access appears to alleviate potential language and cultural barriers faced by refugees with low health literacy (measured by the ability to read or write in the origin-country language). Altogether, the article illustrates how structural and institutional constraints may shape individual health outcomes of adult refugees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuliya Kosyakova
- Institute for Employment Research (IAB)
- University of Bamberg University of Mannheim
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hamilton TG, Hagos R. Race and the Healthy Immigrant Effect. THE PUBLIC POLICY AND AGING REPORT 2020; 31:14-18. [PMID: 33462550 PMCID: PMC7799387 DOI: 10.1093/ppar/praa042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tod G Hamilton
- Department of Sociology and Office of Population Research, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rama Hagos
- Department of Sociology and Office of Population Research, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Martinez-Miller EE, Robinson WR, Avery CL, Yang YC, Haan MN, Prather AA, Aiello AE. Longitudinal Associations of US Acculturation With Cognitive Performance, Cognitive Impairment, and Dementia. Am J Epidemiol 2020; 189:1292-1305. [PMID: 32440686 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
US Latinos, a growing, aging population, are disproportionately burdened by cognitive decline and dementia. Identification of modifiable risk factors is needed for interventions aimed at reducing risk. Broad sociocultural context may illuminate complex etiology among culturally diverse Latinos. Among 1,418 older (≥60 years), low-socioeconomic position (SEP) Latinos (predominantly of Mexican descent) in Sacramento, California, we examined whether US acculturation was associated with cognitive performance, cognitive decline, and dementia/ cognitive impairment without dementia over a 10-year period and whether education modified the associations (Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging, 1998-2008). Analyses used linear mixed models, competing-risk regression, and inverse probability of censoring weights for attrition. Participants with high US acculturation had better cognitive performance (0.21 fewer cognitive errors at grand-mean-centered age 70 years) than those with low acculturation after adjustment for sociodemographic factors, practice effects, and survey language. Results may have been driven by cultural language use rather than identity factors (e.g., ethnic identity, interactions). Rate of cognitive decline and risk of dementia/cognitive impairment without dementia did not differ by acculturation, regardless of education (β = 0.00 (standard error, 0.00) and hazard ratio = 0.81 (95% confidence interval: 0.49, 1.35), respectively). High US acculturation was associated with better cognitive performance among these older, low-SEP Latinos. Acculturation may benefit cognition when SEP is low. Future studies should incorporate extended longitudinal assessments among more diverse groups.
Collapse
|
31
|
Reyes AM, Garcia MA. Gender and Age of Migration Differences in Mortality Among Older Mexican Americans. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2020; 75:1707-1718. [PMID: 30953078 PMCID: PMC7489075 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbz038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Using a gendered life course perspective, we examine whether the relationship between age of migration and mortality is moderated by gender among a cohort of older Mexican Americans. METHODS Data from the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly and recently matched mortality data are used to estimate Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS Our findings indicate that the relationship between age of migration and mortality is moderated by gender, suggesting a more nuanced perspective of the immigrant mortality paradox. Among men, midlife migrants exhibit an 18% lower risk of mortality compared to their U.S.-born co-ethnics, possibly due to immigrant selectivity at the time of migration. Conversely, late-life migrant women exhibit a 17% lower risk of mortality relative to U.S.-born women, attributed in part to socio-cultural characteristics that influence lifestyle risk factors across the life course. DISCUSSION Selection mechanisms and acculturation processes associated with the immigrant experience are contingent on both age and gender, suggesting the utility of an integrated life course approach to contextualize the mortality profiles of older immigrants. These findings demonstrate the heterogeneity among immigrants and highlight the need to understand gender differences in the migration process when assessing the immigrant mortality paradox.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M Reyes
- Cornell University, Policy Analysis and Management, Ithaca, New York
| | - Marc A Garcia
- University of Nebraska, Sociology and Institute of Ethnic Studies, Lincoln, Nebraska
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Arias E, Johnson NJ, Vera BT. Racial disparities in mortality in the adult hispanic population. SSM Popul Health 2020; 11:100583. [PMID: 32346598 PMCID: PMC7180162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We addressed three research questions: (1) Are there racial mortality disparities in the adult Hispanic population that resemble those observed in the non-Hispanic population in the US? (2) Does nativity mediate the race-mortality relationship in the Hispanic population? and (3) What does the Hispanic mortality advantage relative to the non-Hispanic white population look like when Hispanic race is considered? METHODS We estimated a series of parametric hazard models on eight years of mortality follow-up data and calculated life expectancy estimates using the Mortality Disparities in American Communities database. RESULTS Hispanic white adults experience lower mortality than their Hispanic black, American Indian and Alaska Native, Some Other Race, and multiple race counterparts. This Hispanic white advantage is found mostly among the US born. The Hispanic advantage relative to the non-Hispanic white population operates for most Hispanic race groups among the foreign born but either disappears or converts to a disadvantage for most of the non-white Hispanic groups among the US born. CONTRIBUTION Our study extends the literature on the Hispanic Mortality Paradox by revealing that the adult Hispanic population experiences racial mortality disparities that closely resemble those observed in the non-Hispanic population. The Hispanic mortality advantage is mediated not only by nativity but by race. These results indicate that race is a critical factor that should be considered in any study with the goal of understanding the health and mortality profiles of the Hispanic population in the US.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Arias
- Mortality Statistics Branch, Division of Vital Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, 3311 Toledo Road, Hyattsville, 20782, MD, United States
| | - Norman J. Johnson
- Mortality Research Branch, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau, 4600 Silver Hill Road, Room 5K127, Suitland, MD, 20746, United States
| | - Betzaida Tejada Vera
- Mortality Statistics Branch, Division of Vital Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, 3311 Toledo Road, Hyattsville, 20782, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Johnson RM, Fleming CB, Cambron C, Dean LT, Brighthaupt SC, Guttmannova K. Race/Ethnicity Differences in Trends of Marijuana, Cigarette, and Alcohol Use Among 8th, 10th, and 12th Graders in Washington State, 2004-2016. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2020; 20:194-204. [PMID: 29633175 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-018-0899-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Accurate estimates of substance use in the teenage years by race/ethnicity may help identify when to intervene to prevent long-term substance use disparities. We examined trends in past 30-day use of marijuana, cigarette, and alcohol among 8th, 10th, and 12th graders in Washington State, which passed a recreational marijuana law in 2012 and initiated retail marijuana sales in 2014. Data are from the 2004-2016 Washington Healthy Youth Surveys (n = 161,992). We used time series regression models to assess linear and quadratic trends in substance use for the full sample and stratified on race/ethnicity and grade level and examined relative differences in prevalence of use by race/ethnicity. In Washington, across all racial/ethnic groups, marijuana use peaked in 2012. Although there was not a significant overall change in marijuana use for the full sample across the study period, there was a statistically significant increase in use among 12th graders and a statistically significant decrease among 8th graders. Relative to Whites, Asians had a lower prevalence of marijuana use, whereas all other race/ethnicity groups had a higher prevalence of use. Prevalence of marijuana use is particularly high among American Indian/Alaska Native and Black youth and has increased most rapidly among 12th grade Hispanic/Latinx youth. There were large and statistically significant decreases in alcohol and cigarette use across the study period for the full sample, as well as for each race/ethnicity group. These findings highlight the need for continued monitoring of trends in use among these groups and potentially warrant consideration of selective interventions that specifically focus on students of color and that include developmentally-appropriate strategies relevant to each grade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renee M Johnson
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway, 8th Floor, Room 898, Baltimore, MD, 21205-1999, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Charles B Fleming
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher Cambron
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lorraine T Dean
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sherri-Chanelle Brighthaupt
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway, 8th Floor, Room 898, Baltimore, MD, 21205-1999, USA
| | - Katarina Guttmannova
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Antman FM, Duncan B, Trejo SJ. Ethnic attrition, assimilation, and the measured health outcomes of Mexican Americans. JOURNAL OF POPULATION ECONOMICS 2020; 33:1499-1522. [PMID: 38323118 PMCID: PMC10846883 DOI: 10.1007/s00148-020-00772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The literature on immigrant assimilation and intergenerational progress has sometimes reached surprising conclusions, such as the puzzle of immigrant advantage which finds that Hispanic immigrants sometimes have better health than US-born Hispanics. While numerous studies have attempted to explain these patterns, almost all studies rely on subjective measures of ethnic self-identification to identify immigrants' descendants. This can lead to bias due to "ethnic attrition," which occurs whenever a US-born descendant of a Hispanic immigrant fails to self-identify as Hispanic. In this paper, we exploit information on parents' and grandparents' place of birth to show that Mexican ethnic attrition, operating through intermarriage, is sizable and positively selected on health, making subsequent generations of Mexican immigrants appear less healthy than they actually are. Consequently, conventional estimates of health disparities between Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites as well as those between Mexican Americans and recent Mexican immigrants have been significantly overstated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisca M. Antman
- Department of Economics, University of Colorado Boulder, 256 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Brian Duncan
- Department of Economics, University of Colorado Denver, Campus Box 181, Denver, CO 80217-3364, USA
| | - Stephen J. Trejo
- Department of Economics, University of Texas at Austin, 2225 Speedway Stop C3100, Austin, TX 78712-1690, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Giunti S, Oncini F. Language Use and Children’s BMI Growth among Second-Generation Immigrants in the United Kingdom. INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0197918318798336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This research note analyzes the relationship between language use and children’s Body Mass Index (BMI) growth in the United Kingdom. Making use of the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), we assess whether the main language spoken in the household explains BMI divergences between immigrants’ and natives’ children. We provide evidence that the integration process hampers BMI growth and therefore exerts a small protective effect: male children living in English-speaking households gain weight slower than those with less integrated parents. However, the protective effect applies only to sons from higher social origins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Giunti
- Institute for Fiscal Studies
- University of Trento
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Davison KM, Lung Y, Lin SL, Tong H, Kobayashi KM, Fuller-Thomson E. Depression in middle and older adulthood: the role of immigration, nutrition, and other determinants of health in the Canadian longitudinal study on aging. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:329. [PMID: 31690283 PMCID: PMC6833158 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2309-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about depression in middle-aged and older Canadians and how it is affected by health determinants, particularly immigrant status. This study examined depression and socio-economic, health, immigration and nutrition-related factors in older adults. METHODS Using weighted comprehensive cohort data from the baseline Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (n = 27,162) of adults aged 45-85, gender-specific binary logistic regression was conducted with the cross-sectional data using the following variables: 1) Depression (outcome) measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression (CESD-10) rating scale; 2) Immigration status: native-born, recent and mid-term (< 20 years), and long-term immigrants (≥20 years); and 3) covariates: socioeconomic status, physical health (e.g., multi-morbidity), health behavior (e.g., substance use), over-nutrition (e.g., anthropometrics), under-nutrition (e.g., nutrition risk), and dietary intake. RESULTS The sample respondents were mainly Canadian-born (82.6%), women (50.6%), 56-65 years (58.9%), earning between C$50,000-99,999 (33.2%), and in a relationship (69.4%). When compared to Canadian-born residents, recent, mid-term (< 20 years), and longer-term (≥ 20 years) immigrant women were more likely to report depression and this relationship was robust to adjustments for 32 covariates (adjusted ORs = 1.19, 2.54, respectively, p < 0.001). For women, not completing secondary school (OR = 1.23, p < 0.05), stage 1 hypertension (OR = 1.31, p < 0.001), chronic pain (OR = 1.79, p < 0.001), low fruit/vegetable intakes (OR = 1.33, p < 0.05), and fruit juice (OR = 1.80, p < 0.001), chocolate (ORs = 1.15-1.66, p's < 0.05), or salty snack (OR = 1.19, p < 0.05) consumption were associated with depression. For all participants, lower grip strength (OR = 1.25, p < 0.001) and high nutritional risk (OR = 2.24, p < 0.001) were associated with depression. For men, being in a relationship (OR = 0.62, p < 0.001), completing post-secondary education (OR = 0.82, p < 0.05), higher fat (ORs = 0.67-83, p's < 0.05) and omega-3 egg intake (OR = 0.86, p < 0.05) as well as moderate intakes of fruits/vegetables and calcium/high vitamin D sources (ORs = 0.71-0.743, p's < 0.05) predicted a lower likelihood of depression. For men, chronic conditions (ORs = 1.36-3.65, p's < 0.001), chronic pain (OR = 1.86, p < 0.001), smoking (OR = 1.17, p < 0.001), or chocolate consumption (ORs = 1.14-1.72, p's < 0.05) predicted a higher likelihood of depression. CONCLUSIONS The odds of developing depression were highest among immigrant women. Depression in middle-aged and older adults is also associated with socioeconomic, physical, and nutritional factors and the relationships differ by sex. These results provide insights for mental health interventions specific to adults aged 45-85.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Davison
- Faculty of Social Science, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- Faculty of Science and Horticulture (Health Science), Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yu Lung
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shen Lamson Lin
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Life Course & Aging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hongmei Tong
- Faculty of Health and Community Studies, MacEwan University, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen M Kobayashi
- Faculty of Social Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Esme Fuller-Thomson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Institute for Life Course & Aging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Marquez-Velarde G, Jones NE, Keith VM. Racial stratification in self-rated health among Black Mexicans and White Mexicans. SSM Popul Health 2019; 10:100509. [PMID: 32025566 PMCID: PMC6997553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
How do Mexicans of distinct racial backgrounds fit into the recognized patterns of racial health disparities? We conduct regression analyses using data from the 2000-2017 National Health Interview Survey to determine if Mexicans who self-identify as White or Black have a relative advantage or disadvantage in self-rated health in relation to Non-Hispanic (NH) Whites and Blacks in the U.S. Our results indicate that both Black Mexicans and White Mexicans have a significant disadvantage in relation to NH-Whites while White Mexicans have a slight advantage in relation to both NH-Blacks and Black Mexicans. Overall, our results suggest that studying health outcomes among Hispanics without considering race may mask inequalities not observed in the aggregate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole E Jones
- Department of Sociology and Criminology & Law, University of Florida, United States
| | - Verna M Keith
- Department of Sociology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Shor E, Roelfs D. Climate shock: Moving to colder climates and immigrant mortality. Soc Sci Med 2019; 235:112397. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
39
|
|
40
|
Wallace M, Khlat M, Guillot M. Mortality advantage among migrants according to duration of stay in France, 2004-2014. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:327. [PMID: 30898125 PMCID: PMC6427872 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6652-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The migrant mortality advantage is generally interpreted as reflecting the selection of atypically healthy individuals from the country of origin followed by the wearing off of selection effects over time, a process theorised to be accelerated by progressive and negative acculturation in the host country. However, studies examining how migrant mortality evolves over duration of stay, which could provide insight into these two processes, are relatively scarce. Additionally, they have paid little attention to gender-specific patterns and the confounding effect of age. In this study, we analyze all-cause mortality according to duration of stay among male and female migrants in France, with a particular focus on the role of age in explaining duration of stay effects. Methods We use the Échantillon Démographique Permanent (Permanent Demographic Sample; EDP), France’s largest socio-demographic panel and a representative 1% sample of its population. Mortality was followed-up from 2004 to 2014, and parametric survival models were fitted for males and females to study variation in all-cause mortality among migrants over duration of stay. Estimates were adjusted for age, duration of stay, year, education level and marital status. Duration of stay patterns were examined for both open-ended and fixed age groups. Results We observe a migrant mortality advantage, which is most pronounced among recent arrivals and converges towards the mortality level of natives with duration of stay. We show this pattern to be robust to the confounding effect of age and find the pattern to be consistent among males and females. Conclusions Our novel findings show an intrinsic pattern of convergence of migrant mortality towards native-born mortality over time spent in France, independent from the ages at which mortality is measured. The consistent pattern in both genders suggests that males and females experience the same processes associated with generating the migrant mortality advantage. These patterns adhere to the selection-acculturation hypothesis and raise serious concerns about the erosion of migrant health capital with increasing exposure to conditions in France. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-6652-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Wallace
- Demography Unit, Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Myriam Khlat
- Institut national d'études démographiques, French National Demographic Institute, 133 Boulevard Davout, 75020, Paris, France
| | - Michel Guillot
- Institut national d'études démographiques, French National Demographic Institute, 133 Boulevard Davout, 75020, Paris, France.,Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, 242 McNeil Building, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Martinez-Miller EE, Prather AA, Robinson WR, Avery CL, Yang YC, Haan MN, Aiello AE. US acculturation and poor sleep among an intergenerational cohort of adult Latinos in Sacramento, California. Sleep 2019; 42:zsy246. [PMID: 30544165 PMCID: PMC6424080 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acculturation may shape the disproportionate burden of poor sleep among Latinos in the United States. Existing studies are limited by unidimensional acculturation proxies that are incapable of capturing cultural complexities across generations. Understanding how acculturation relates to sleep may lead to the identification of modifiable intervention targets. We used multivariable regression and latent class methods to examine cross-sectional associations between a validated multidimensional scale of US acculturation and self-reported poor sleep measures. We analyzed an intergenerational cohort: first-generation (GEN1) older Latinos (Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging; N = 1,716; median age: 69.5) and second-generation (GEN2) middle-aged offspring and relatives of GEN1 (Niños Lifestyle and Diabetes Study; N = 670; median age: 54.0) in Sacramento, California. GEN1 with high US acculturation, compared with high acculturation towards another origin/ancestral country, had less restless sleep (prevalence ratio [PR] [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.67 [0.54, 0.84]) and a higher likelihood of being in the best sleep class than the worst (OR [95% CI]: 1.62 [1.09, 2.40]), but among nonmanual occupations, high intergenerational US acculturation was associated with more general fatigue (PR [95% CI: 1.86 [1.11, 3.10]). GEN2 with high intergenerational US acculturation reported shorter sleep (PR [95% CI]: 2.86 [1.02, 7.99]). High US acculturation shaped sleep differentially by generation, socioeconomic context, and intergenerational acculturative status. High US acculturation was associated with better sleep among older, lower socioeconomic Latinos, but with shorter sleep duration among middle-aged, higher socioeconomic Latinos; results also differed by parental acculturation status. Upon replication, future studies should incorporate prospective and intergenerational designs to uncover sociobehavioral pathways by which acculturation may shape sleep to ultimately inform intervention efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erline E Martinez-Miller
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Aric A Prather
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Whitney R Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Christy L Avery
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Yang C Yang
- Department of Sociology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Mary N Haan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Allison E Aiello
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tuggle AC, Cohen JH, Crews DE. Stress, migration, and allostatic load: a model based on Mexican migrants in Columbus, Ohio. J Physiol Anthropol 2018; 37:28. [PMID: 30545424 PMCID: PMC6293576 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-018-0188-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immigration is a disruptive event with multiple implications for health. Stressors, including family separation, acculturation, job insecurity, restricted mobility, sojourns, dangerous border crossings, stigmatization, and marginalization, shape immigrant health in ways we are only beginning to untangle. Around the world, there are over 200 million international migrants. In 2015, there were 43.2 million immigrants living in the US, 26.8% of whom were born in Mexico. Investigating how stress affects health among migrants facilitates better understanding of their experiences. Methods Here, we review existing research on stress and how allostatic load varies among migrants with specific attention to Mexican migrants in the US. Next, we explore research incorporating biomarkers of allostasis and narratives of migration and settlement to examine disease risks of Mexican migrants residing in Columbus, Ohio. This mixed-methods approach allowed us to examine how social stressors may influence self-reports of health differentially from associations with assessed discrimination and physiological biomarkers of health. Results These data sources are not significantly associated. Neither narratives nor self-reports of health provide significant proxies for participants’ physiological health. Conclusions We propose, the pairing of objectively assessed health profiles with narratives of migration better illustrate risks migrants face, while allowing us to discern pathways through which future health challenges may arise. Immigration and acculturation to a new nation are biologically and culturally embedded processes, as are stress and allostatic responses. To understand how the former covary with the latter requires a mixed-methods bioethnographic approach. Differences across multiple social and physiological systems, affect individual health over time. We propose incorporating physiological biomarkers and allostatic load with migrants’ narratives of their migration to unravel complex relationships between acculturation and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Tuggle
- Department of Anthropology, Ohio State University, 4034 Smith Laboratory, 174 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Jeffrey H Cohen
- Department of Anthropology, Ohio State University, 4034 Smith Laboratory, 174 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Douglas E Crews
- Department of Anthropology, Ohio State University, 4034 Smith Laboratory, 174 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,College of Public Health, Ohio State University, 250 Cunz Hall, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Immigrant Legal Status and Health: Legal Status Disparities in Chronic Conditions and Musculoskeletal Pain Among Mexican-Born Farm Workers in the United States. Demography 2018; 56:1-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s13524-018-0746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Immigrant legal status determines access to the rights and privileges of U.S. society. Legal status may be conceived of as a fundamental cause of health, producing a health disparity whereby unauthorized immigrants are disadvantaged relative to authorized immigrants, a perspective that is supported by research on legal status disparities in self-rated health and mental health. We conducted a systematic review of the literature on legal status disparities in physical health and examined whether a legal status disparity exists in chronic conditions and musculoskeletal pain among 17,462 Mexican-born immigrants employed as farm workers in the United States and surveyed in the National Agricultural Workers Survey between 2000 and 2015. We found that unauthorized, Mexican-born farm workers have a lower incidence of chronic conditions and lower prevalence of pain compared with authorized farm workers. Furthermore, we found a legal status gradient in health whereby naturalized U.S. citizens report the worst health, followed by legal permanent residents and unauthorized immigrants. Although inconsistent with fundamental cause theory, our results were robust to alternative specifications and consistent with a small body of existing research on legal status disparities in physical health. Although it is well known that Mexican immigrants have better-than-expected health outcomes given their social disadvantage, we suggest that an epidemiologic paradox may also apply to within-immigrant disparities by legal status. We offer several explanations for the counterintuitive result.
Collapse
|
44
|
Markides KS, Rote S. The Healthy Immigrant Effect and Aging in the United States and Other Western Countries. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2018; 59:205-214. [DOI: 10.1093/geront/gny136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kyriakos S Markides
- Preventive Medicine & Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Sunshine Rote
- Kent School of Social Work, University of Louisville, Kentucky
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Garcia MA, Reyes AM. Physical Functioning and Disability Trajectories by Age of Migration Among Mexican Elders in the United States. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2018. [PMID: 28052929 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbw167.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To address a gap in our understanding of the long-term consequences of nativity and age of migration for the health of the Mexican elderly population. Method We employ age graded latent growth curve models stratified by gender to examine the extent of physical functioning and disability, measured in terms of performance-oriented mobility assessments (POMAs) and activities of daily living (ADLs) after age 65 in a large longitudinal sample of Mexican-origin individuals. Results Self-care measured ADLs show no age of migration differences. However, physical capacity measured POMAs differ significantly for men and women by age of migration. Migrants who arrived in midlife have fewer functional limitations at age 65 but have steeper increase in POMAs with age. Discussion With a rapidly changing demographic profile that includes a large number of aging Mexican-origin immigrants, our society must implement social and health policies to ameliorate the negative health outcomes among immigrant and U.S.-born minority groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Garcia
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Adriana M Reyes
- Population Studies Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Garcia MA, Reyes AM. Physical Functioning and Disability Trajectories by Age of Migration Among Mexican Elders in the United States. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2018; 73:1292-1302. [PMID: 28052929 PMCID: PMC6146757 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbw167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To address a gap in our understanding of the long-term consequences of nativity and age of migration for the health of the Mexican elderly population. Method We employ age graded latent growth curve models stratified by gender to examine the extent of physical functioning and disability, measured in terms of performance-oriented mobility assessments (POMAs) and activities of daily living (ADLs) after age 65 in a large longitudinal sample of Mexican-origin individuals. Results Self-care measured ADLs show no age of migration differences. However, physical capacity measured POMAs differ significantly for men and women by age of migration. Migrants who arrived in midlife have fewer functional limitations at age 65 but have steeper increase in POMAs with age. Discussion With a rapidly changing demographic profile that includes a large number of aging Mexican-origin immigrants, our society must implement social and health policies to ameliorate the negative health outcomes among immigrant and U.S.-born minority groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Garcia
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Adriana M Reyes
- Population Studies Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Van Hook J, Quirós S, Dondero M, Altman CE. Healthy Eating among Mexican Immigrants: Migration in Childhood and Time in the United States. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2018; 59:391-410. [PMID: 30039983 PMCID: PMC6416786 DOI: 10.1177/0022146518788869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Past research on immigrant health frequently finds that the duration of time lived in the United States is associated with the erosion of immigrants' health advantages. However, the timing of U.S. migration during the life course is rarely explored. We draw from developmental and sociological perspectives to theorize how migration during childhood may be related to healthy eating among adult immigrants from Mexico. We test these ideas with a mechanism-based age-period-cohort model to disentangle age, age at arrival, and duration of residence. Results show that immigrants who arrived during preschool ages (2-5 years) and school ages (6-11 years) have less healthy diets than adult arrivals (25+ years). After accounting for age at arrival, duration of residence is positively related to healthy eating. Overall, the findings highlight the need to focus more research and policy interventions on child immigrants, who may be particularly susceptible to adopting unhealthy American behaviors during sensitive periods of childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Susana Quirós
- 1 Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Walkden G, Anderson E, Vink M, Tilling K, Howe L, Ben-Shlomo Y. Frailty in older-age European migrants: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Soc Sci Med 2018; 213:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
49
|
Bakhtiari E. Immigrant health trajectories in historical context: Insights from European immigrant childhood mortality in 1910. SSM Popul Health 2018; 5:138-146. [PMID: 30003134 PMCID: PMC6040110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies of immigrant health have focused on an apparent paradox in which some new immigrants arrive healthier than expected but exhibit poorer health outcomes with duration of residence. Although a variety of explanations have been put forth for this epidemiological pattern, questions remain about the socio-historical generalizability of the empirical findings and accompanying theoretical explanations. By examining childhood mortality patterns of European immigrants to the United States in the early 20th century, this study tests hypotheses from current immigrant health literature in a previous era of immigration. In contrast with post-1965 immigrant groups, European arrivals did not have better outcomes than their U.S.-born white counterparts. Rather, their rates corresponded to a "middle tier" status in between U.S.-born black and white populations. Analysis of post-migration trajectories returned mixed results that similarly differ from contemporary patterns. Many new immigrant groups had higher rates of excess childhood mortality than their U.S-born counterparts, but outcomes appear to have improved with duration of residence or among the second generation. These findings suggest socio-historical variation in the context of reception may act as a "fundamental cause" of immigrant health and mortality outcomes.
Collapse
|
50
|
Disability crossover: Is there a Hispanic immigrant health advantage that reverses from working to old age? DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.4054/demres.2018.39.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|