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Ai Y, Guo C, Garcia-Contreras M, Sánchez B. LS, Saftics A, Shodubi O, Raghunandan S, Xu J, Tsai SJ, Dong Y, Li R, Jovanovic-Talisman T, Gould SJ. Endocytosis blocks the vesicular secretion of exosome marker proteins. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi9156. [PMID: 38718108 PMCID: PMC11078179 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi9156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are secreted vesicles of ~30 to 150 nm diameter that play important roles in human health and disease. To better understand how cells release these vesicles, we examined the biogenesis of the most highly enriched human exosome marker proteins, the exosomal tetraspanins CD81, CD9, and CD63. We show here that endocytosis inhibits their vesicular secretion and, in the case of CD9 and CD81, triggers their destruction. Furthermore, we show that syntenin, a previously described exosome biogenesis factor, drives the vesicular secretion of CD63 by blocking CD63 endocytosis and that other endocytosis inhibitors also induce the plasma membrane accumulation and vesicular secretion of CD63. Finally, we show that CD63 is an expression-dependent inhibitor of endocytosis that triggers the vesicular secretion of lysosomal proteins and the clathrin adaptor AP-2 mu2. These results suggest that the vesicular secretion of exosome marker proteins in exosome-sized vesicles occurs primarily by an endocytosis-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Ai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chenxu Guo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Marta Garcia-Contreras
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Laura S. Sánchez B.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andras Saftics
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Oluwapelumi Shodubi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shankar Raghunandan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Junhao Xu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shang Jui Tsai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Mechanobiology Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Tijana Jovanovic-Talisman
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Stephen J. Gould
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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2
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Jaye S, Sandau US, Saugstad JA. Clathrin mediated endocytosis in Alzheimer's disease: cell type specific involvement in amyloid beta pathology. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1378576. [PMID: 38694257 PMCID: PMC11061891 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1378576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive examination of the role of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, emphasizing its impact across various cellular contexts beyond neuronal dysfunction. In neurons, dysregulated CME contributes to synaptic dysfunction, amyloid beta (Aβ) processing, and Tau pathology, highlighting its involvement in early AD pathogenesis. Furthermore, CME alterations extend to non-neuronal cell types, including astrocytes and microglia, which play crucial roles in Aβ clearance and neuroinflammation. Dysregulated CME in these cells underscores its broader implications in AD pathophysiology. Despite significant progress, further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying CME dysregulation in AD and its therapeutic implications. Overall, understanding the complex interplay between CME and AD across diverse cell types holds promise for identifying novel therapeutic targets and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julie A. Saugstad
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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3
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Camblor-Perujo S, Ozer Yildiz E, Küpper H, Overhoff M, Rastogi S, Bazzi H, Kononenko NL. The AP-2 complex interacts with γ-TuRC and regulates the proliferative capacity of neural progenitors. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302029. [PMID: 38086550 PMCID: PMC10716017 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes are organelles that nucleate microtubules via the activity of gamma-tubulin ring complexes (γ-TuRC). In the developing brain, centrosome integrity is central to the progression of the neural progenitor cell cycle, and its loss leads to microcephaly. We show that NPCs maintain centrosome integrity via the endocytic adaptor protein complex-2 (AP-2). NPCs lacking AP-2 exhibit defects in centrosome formation and mitotic progression, accompanied by DNA damage and accumulation of p53. This function of AP-2 in regulating the proliferative capacity of NPCs is independent of its role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and is coupled to its association with the GCP2, GCP3, and GCP4 components of γ-TuRC. We find that AP-2 maintains γ-TuRC organization and regulates centrosome function at the level of MT nucleation. Taken together, our data reveal a novel, noncanonical function of AP-2 in regulating the proliferative capacity of NPCs and open new avenues for the identification of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders with AP-2 complex dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ebru Ozer Yildiz
- CECAD Excellence Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hanna Küpper
- CECAD Excellence Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Melina Overhoff
- CECAD Excellence Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Saumya Rastogi
- CECAD Excellence Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hisham Bazzi
- CECAD Excellence Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Natalia L Kononenko
- CECAD Excellence Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Genetics, Natural Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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4
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Sengül GF, Mishra R, Candiello E, Schu P. Hsc70 phosphorylation patterns and calmodulin regulate AP2 Clathrin-Coated-Vesicle life span for cell adhesion protein transport. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119611. [PMID: 37926156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
AP2 forms AP2 CCV with clathrin and over 60 additional coat proteins. Due to this complexity, we have a limited understanding of CCV life cycle regulation. Synapses contain canonical AP2 CCV, canCCV, and more stable, thereby longer lived, AP2 CCV. The more stable AP2 CCV can be distinguished from canCCV due to the stable binding of Hsc70 to clathrin. The AP1/σ1B complex knockout leads to impaired synaptic vesicle recycling and altered endosomal protein sorting. This causes as a secondary phenotype the twofold upregulation of endocytosis by canCCV and by more stable AP2 CCV. These stable CCV are more stabilized than their wt counterpart, hence stCCV. They have less of the uncoating proteins synaptojanin1 and Hsc70, and more of the coat stabilizing AAK1. Hsc70 clathrin dissociation activity is regulated by complex phosphorylation patterns. Two major groups of hyper- and of hypo-phosphorylated Hsc70 proteins are formed. The latter are enriched in wt stable CCV and stabilized stCCV. Hsc70 T265 phosphorylation regulates binding of CaM/Ca2+. CaM/Ca2+ binding to the T265 domain blocks Hsc70 homodimerization and its concentration in stCCV required for clathrin disassembly. Kinases DYRK1A and CaMK-IIδ can phosphorylate T265 preventing CaM/Ca2+ binding. Their and the levels of STK38L and STK39/Cab39, which are able to phosphorylate additional Hsc70 residues are reduced in stCCV. The stCCV pathway sorts specifically the cell adhesion proteins CHL1 and Neurocan, supporting our model of that the stCCV pathway fulfills specific functions in synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Sengül
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, University Medical Center, Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; Ankara Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Turkey
| | - R Mishra
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, University Medical Center, Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; Dept. of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, England, United Kingdom
| | - E Candiello
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, University Medical Center, Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; University of Turin, Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Torino, Italy
| | - P Schu
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, University Medical Center, Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
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5
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Siao W, Wang P, Zhao X, Vu LD, De Smet I, Russinova E. Phosphorylation of ADAPTOR PROTEIN-2 μ-adaptin by ADAPTOR-ASSOCIATED KINASE1 regulates the tropic growth of Arabidopsis roots. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:3504-3521. [PMID: 37440281 PMCID: PMC10473204 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
ADAPTOR-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN KINASE1 (AAK1) is a known regulator of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in mammals. Human AAK1 phosphorylates the μ2 subunit of the ADAPTOR PROTEIN-2 (AP-2) complex (AP2M) and plays important roles in cell differentiation and development. Previous interactome studies discovered the association of AAK1 with AP-2 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), but its function was unclear. Here, genetic analysis revealed that the Arabidopsis aak1 and ap2m mutants both displayed altered root tropic growth, including impaired touch- and gravity-sensing responses. In Arabidopsis, AAK1-phosphorylated AP2M on Thr-163, and expression of the phospho-null version of AP2M in the ap2m mutant led to an aak1-like phenotype, whereas the phospho-mimic forms of AP2M rescued the aak1 mutant. In addition, we found that the AAK1-dependent phosphorylation state of AP2M modulates the frequency distribution of endocytosis. Our data indicate that the phosphorylation of AP2M on Thr-163 by AAK1 fine-tunes endocytosis in the Arabidopsis root to control its tropic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Siao
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xiuyang Zhao
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lam Dai Vu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ive De Smet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eugenia Russinova
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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6
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Liashkovich I, Stefanello ST, Vidyadharan R, Haufe G, Erofeev A, Gorelkin PV, Kolmogorov V, Mizdal CR, Dulebo A, Bulk E, Kouzel IU, Shahin V. Pitstop-2 and its novel derivative RVD-127 disrupt global cell dynamics and nuclear pores integrity by direct interaction with small GTPases. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10425. [PMID: 37476059 PMCID: PMC10354767 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is an essential cell physiological process of broad biomedical relevance. Since the recent introduction of Pitstop-2 as a potent CME inhibitor, we and others have reported on substantial clathrin-independent inhibitory effects. Herein, we developed and experimentally validated a novel fluorescent derivative of Pitstop-2, termed RVD-127, to clarify Pitstop-2 diverse effects. Using RVD-127, we were able to trace additional protein targets of Pitstop-2. Besides inhibiting CME, Pitstop-2 and RVD-127 proved to directly and reversibly bind to at least two members of the small GTPase superfamily Ran and Rac1 with particularly high efficacy. Binding locks the GTPases in a guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-like conformation disabling their interaction with their downstream effectors. Consequently, overall cell motility, mechanics and nucleocytoplasmic transport integrity are rapidly disrupted at inhibitor concentrations well below those required to significantly reduce CME. We conclude that Pitstop-2 is a highly potent, reversible inhibitor of small GTPases. The inhibition of these molecular switches of diverse crucial signaling pathways, including nucleocytoplasmic transport and overall cell dynamics and motility, clarifies the diversity of Pitstop-2 activities. Moreover, considering the fundamental importance and broad implications of small GTPases in physiology, pathophysiology and drug development, Pitstop-2 and RVD-127 open up novel avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Günter Haufe
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Alexander Erofeev
- National University of Science and Technology «MISiS»MoscowRussia
- Department of ChemistryLomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia
| | | | | | | | | | - Etmar Bulk
- Institute of Physiology II, University of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | | | - Victor Shahin
- Institute of Physiology II, University of MünsterMünsterGermany
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7
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Xiao D, Yao J, Gao X, Zhu KY. Clathrin-dependent endocytosis plays a critical role in larval and pupal development, and female oocyte production in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1731-1742. [PMID: 36617731 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clathrin-dependent endocytosis is a vesicular transport process by which cells take macromolecules from the extracellular space to the intracellular space. It plays important roles in various cellular functions, but its biological significance in insect development and reproduction has not been well studied. RESULTS We characterized and functionally analyzed four major clathrin-dependent endocytic pathway genes (TcChc, TcAP50, TcVhaSFD, TcRab7) in Tribolium castaneum. RNA interference (RNAi) by injecting double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting each gene at three doses (50, 100, or 200 ng per insect) in 20-day-old larvae led to 100% larval mortality. When the expressions of TcChc, TcVhaSFD, and TcRab7 were suppressed by injecting their respective dsRNAs at each dose in 1-day-old pupae, the adults that emerged from the dsRNA-injected pupae were deformed, with the absence of wing development. The deformed adults died within 2 days after eclosion. When the expression of TcAP50 was suppressed by injecting its dsRNA into 1-day-old pupae, although no apparent deformed adults were observed, all the adults died within 35 days after eclosion. In addition, when the expressions of TcChc and TcVhaSFD were suppressed by injecting their respective dsRNAs at a reduced dose (10 ng per insect) in 5-day-old pupae, the ovarian development and oocyte production in the resultant females were completely inhibited. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that clathrin-dependent endocytosis is essential for insect development and reproduction. The results from this study can help researchers identify potential molecular targets for developing novel strategies for insect pest management. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Xiao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Entomology, 123 Waters Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Jianxiu Yao
- Department of Entomology, 123 Waters Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Xiwu Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Yan Zhu
- Department of Entomology, 123 Waters Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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8
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Zaccai NR, Kadlecova Z, Dickson VK, Korobchevskaya K, Kamenicky J, Kovtun O, Umasankar PK, Wrobel AG, Kaufman JGG, Gray SR, Qu K, Evans PR, Fritzsche M, Sroubek F, Höning S, Briggs JAG, Kelly BT, Owen DJ, Traub LM. FCHO controls AP2's initiating role in endocytosis through a PtdIns(4,5)P 2-dependent switch. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn2018. [PMID: 35486718 PMCID: PMC9054013 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is the main mechanism by which mammalian cells control their cell surface proteome. Proper operation of the pivotal CME cargo adaptor AP2 requires membrane-localized Fer/Cip4 homology domain-only proteins (FCHO). Here, live-cell enhanced total internal reflection fluorescence-structured illumination microscopy shows that FCHO marks sites of clathrin-coated pit (CCP) initiation, which mature into uniform-sized CCPs comprising a central patch of AP2 and clathrin corralled by an FCHO/Epidermal growth factor potential receptor substrate number 15 (Eps15) ring. We dissect the network of interactions between the FCHO interdomain linker and AP2, which concentrates, orients, tethers, and partially destabilizes closed AP2 at the plasma membrane. AP2's subsequent membrane deposition drives its opening, which triggers FCHO displacement through steric competition with phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, clathrin, cargo, and CME accessory factors. FCHO can now relocate toward a CCP's outer edge to engage and activate further AP2s to drive CCP growth/maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R. Zaccai
- CIMR, University of Cambridge, Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Zuzana Kadlecova
- CIMR, University of Cambridge, Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | | | - Kseniya Korobchevskaya
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Jan Kamenicky
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Theory and Automation, Pod Vodarenskou vezi 4, 182 08 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Oleksiy Kovtun
- MRC LMB Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Perunthottathu K. Umasankar
- Intracellular Trafficking Laboratory, Transdisciplinary Biology Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Antoni G. Wrobel
- CIMR, University of Cambridge, Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | | | - Sally R. Gray
- CIMR, University of Cambridge, Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Kun Qu
- MRC LMB Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | | | - Marco Fritzsche
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Filip Sroubek
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Theory and Automation, Pod Vodarenskou vezi 4, 182 08 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Höning
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - John A. G. Briggs
- MRC LMB Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Bernard T. Kelly
- CIMR, University of Cambridge, Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - David J. Owen
- CIMR, University of Cambridge, Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Linton M. Traub
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3500 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Abdalla E, Alawi M, Meinecke P, Kutsche K, Harms FL. Cardiofacioneurodevelopmental syndrome: Report of a novel patient and expansion of the phenotype. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:2448-2453. [PMID: 35451546 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The cardiofacioneurodevelopmental syndrome (CFNDS) is characterized by craniofacial anomalies including bilateral cleft lip and palate, cardiac, skeletal, and neurodevelopmental features and additional variable manifestations. Whole-exome sequencing revealed homozygous loss-of-function variants in CCDC32 (alternative name: C15orf57) in both previously described patients. ccdc32 deletion in zebrafish suggests a ciliary contribution to the pathomechanism. We report a 9-year-old female patient with CFNDS caused by a homozygous 32,583-bp deletion affecting CCDC32. Independent of the affected CCDC32 transcript variant this deletion likely leads to loss of the encoded protein. The patient had intellectual disability, marked hypertelorism, bilateral cleft lip and palate, and short stature. She had bilateral conductive hearing loss, small hands and feet, and finger abnormalities. Brain imaging disclosed hypoplastic corpus callosum. We describe a core phenotype comprising developmental delay and bilateral cleft lip and palate in the three individuals with CFNDS. Variable abnormalities of the face, brain, heart, fingers, and toes and postnatal growth retardation or microcephaly can be present. Possible involvement of the uncharacterized CCDC32 protein in the adapter protein 2 (AP2) complex regulating clathrin-mediated endocytosis has been reported. Cleft palate and cardiac defects observed in mice deficient of different AP2 subunits support a CCDC32 function in the AP2 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtesam Abdalla
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Genetics Department, Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Malik Alawi
- Bioinformatics Core, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Meinecke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kutsche
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frederike L Harms
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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10
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Abouelezz A, Almeida-Souza L. The mammalian endocytic cytoskeleton. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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11
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Srinivasan S, Gal J, Bachstetter A, Nelson PT. Alpha adaptins show isoform-specific association with neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2022; 48:e12776. [PMID: 34820873 PMCID: PMC8810620 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The heterotetrameric assembly protein complex 2 (AP-2) is a central hub for clathrin-dependent endocytosis. The AP-2 α-adaptin subunit has two major isoforms, encoded by two separate genes: AP2A1 and AP2A2. Endocytosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease, and recent studies linked α-adaptins (gene variants, splicing defects and altered expression) with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) risk. Here, we used multiple antibodies to investigate α-adaptin isoforms and their localization in human brains. METHODS The specificities of 10 different α-adaptin antibodies were evaluated using immunoblots after human AP2A1 and AP2A2 plasmid transfection in cultured cells. Additional immunoblot analyses were then performed on protein homogenates from control and LOAD subjects. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain sections from control and LOAD subjects were immunohistochemically stained, and immunofluorescence experiments were performed for quantitation of colocalisation with digital image analysis. RESULTS Eight of the 10 evaluated antibodies recognised transfected α-adaptin proteins on immunoblots. The α-adaptin subspecies were relatively uniformly expressed in five different human brain regions. The α-adaptins were present in the detergent-insoluble fraction from cognitively impaired, but less so in control, brains. Immunohistochemical analyses showed colocalisation of AP2A1 with tau pathology in LOAD brains. By contrast, AP2A2 colocalised with microglial cells. CONCLUSIONS These observations provide evidence of isoform-specific changes of α-adaptins in the brains of LOAD subjects. Antibodies that were verified to recognise AP2A1, but not AP2A2, labelled neurofibrillary tangles of LOAD patients. The findings extend our understanding of AP-2 proteins in the human brain in healthy and diseased states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Srinivasan
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536
| | - Jozsef Gal
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536
| | - Adam Bachstetter
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536
| | - Peter T. Nelson
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536
- Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536
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12
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Aniento F, Sánchez de Medina Hernández V, Dagdas Y, Rojas-Pierce M, Russinova E. Molecular mechanisms of endomembrane trafficking in plants. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:146-173. [PMID: 34550393 PMCID: PMC8773984 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Endomembrane trafficking is essential for all eukaryotic cells. The best-characterized membrane trafficking organelles include the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, early and recycling endosomes, multivesicular body, or late endosome, lysosome/vacuole, and plasma membrane. Although historically plants have given rise to cell biology, our understanding of membrane trafficking has mainly been shaped by the much more studied mammalian and yeast models. Whereas organelles and major protein families that regulate endomembrane trafficking are largely conserved across all eukaryotes, exciting variations are emerging from advances in plant cell biology research. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on plant endomembrane trafficking, with a focus on four distinct trafficking pathways: ER-to-Golgi transport, endocytosis, trans-Golgi network-to-vacuole transport, and autophagy. We acknowledge the conservation and commonalities in the trafficking machinery across species, with emphasis on diversity and plant-specific features. Understanding the function of organelles and the trafficking machinery currently nonexistent in well-known model organisms will provide great opportunities to acquire new insights into the fundamental cellular process of membrane trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Víctor Sánchez de Medina Hernández
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, A-1030, Vienna, Austria
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13
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López-Hernández T, Takenaka KI, Mori Y, Kongpracha P, Nagamori S, Haucke V, Takamori S. Clathrin-independent endocytic retrieval of SV proteins mediated by the clathrin adaptor AP-2 at mammalian central synapses. eLife 2022; 11:e71198. [PMID: 35014951 PMCID: PMC8752090 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmission is based on the exocytic fusion of synaptic vesicles (SVs) followed by endocytic membrane retrieval and the reformation of SVs. Conflicting models have been proposed regarding the mechanisms of SV endocytosis, most notably clathrin/adaptor protein complex 2 (AP-2)-mediated endocytosis and clathrin-independent ultrafast endocytosis. Partitioning between these pathways has been suggested to be controlled by temperature and stimulus paradigm. We report on the comprehensive survey of six major SV proteins to show that SV endocytosis in mouse hippocampal neurons at physiological temperature occurs independent of clathrin while the endocytic retrieval of a subset of SV proteins including the vesicular transporters for glutamate and GABA depend on sorting by the clathrin adaptor AP-2. Our findings highlight a clathrin-independent role of the clathrin adaptor AP-2 in the endocytic retrieval of select SV cargos from the presynaptic cell surface and suggest a revised model for the endocytosis of SV membranes at mammalian central synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koh-ichiro Takenaka
- Laboratory of Neural Membrane Biology, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yasunori Mori
- Laboratory of Neural Membrane Biology, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Pornparn Kongpracha
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Shushi Nagamori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)BerlinGermany
| | - Shigeo Takamori
- Laboratory of Neural Membrane Biology, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha UniversityKyotoJapan
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14
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Shin J, Nile A, Oh JW. Role of adaptin protein complexes in intracellular trafficking and their impact on diseases. Bioengineered 2021; 12:8259-8278. [PMID: 34565296 PMCID: PMC8806629 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1982846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptin proteins (APs) play a crucial role in intracellular cell trafficking. The 'classical' role of APs is carried out by AP1‒3, which bind to clathrin, cargo, and accessory proteins. Accordingly, AP1-3 are crucial for both vesicle formation and sorting. All APs consist of four subunits that are indispensable for their functions. In fact, based on studies using cells, model organism knockdown/knock-out, and human variants, each subunit plays crucial roles and contributes to the specificity of each AP. These studies also revealed that the sorting and intracellular trafficking function of AP can exert varying effects on pathology by controlling features such as cell development, signal transduction related to the apoptosis and proliferation pathways in cancer cells, organelle integrity, receptor presentation, and viral infection. Although the roles and functions of AP1‒3 are relatively well studied, the functions of the less abundant and more recently identified APs, AP4 and AP5, are still to be investigated. Further studies on these APs may enable a better understanding and targeting of specific diseases.APs known or suggested locations and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Shin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Arti Nile
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Wan C, Crisman L, Wang B, Tian Y, Wang S, Yang R, Datta I, Nomura T, Li S, Yu H, Yin Q, Shen J. AAGAB is an assembly chaperone regulating AP1 and AP2 clathrin adaptors. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272394. [PMID: 34494650 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimeric cargo adaptors such as AP2 play central roles in intracellular membrane trafficking. We recently discovered that the assembly of the AP2 adaptor complex, a key player in clathrin-mediated endocytosis, is a highly organized process controlled by alpha- and gamma-adaptin-binding protein (AAGAB, also known as p34). In this study, we demonstrate that besides AP2, AAGAB also regulates the assembly of AP1, a cargo adaptor involved in clathrin-mediated transport between the trans-Golgi network and the endosome. However, AAGAB is not involved in the formation of other adaptor complexes, including AP3. AAGAB promotes AP1 assembly by binding and stabilizing the γ and σ subunits of AP1, and its mutation abolishes AP1 assembly and disrupts AP1-mediated cargo trafficking. Comparative proteomic analyses indicate that AAGAB mutation massively alters surface protein homeostasis, and its loss-of-function phenotypes reflect the synergistic effects of AP1 and AP2 deficiency. Taken together, these findings establish AAGAB as an assembly chaperone for both AP1 and AP2 adaptors and pave the way for understanding the pathogenesis of AAGAB-linked diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Lauren Crisman
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Shifeng Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Ishara Datta
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Toshifumi Nomura
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Suzhao Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Haijia Yu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Qian Yin
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Jingshi Shen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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16
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Ramesh ST, Navyasree KV, Sah S, Ashok AB, Qathoon N, Mohanty S, Swain RK, Umasankar PK. BMP2K phosphorylates AP-2 and regulates clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Traffic 2021; 22:377-396. [PMID: 34480404 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the central adaptor protein complex, AP-2 is pivotal for clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Here, we uncover the role of an uncharacterized kinase (BMP-2 inducible kinase-BMP2K) in AP-2 phosphorylation. We demonstrate that BMP2K can phosphorylate AP-2 in vitro and in vivo. Functional impairment of BMP2K impedes AP-2 phosphorylation leading to defects in clathrin-coated pit (CCP) morphology and cargo internalization. BMP2K engages AP-2 via its extended C-terminus and this interaction is important for its CCP localization and function. Notably, endogenous BMP2K levels decline upon functional impairment of AP-2 indicating AP-2 dependent BMP2K stabilization in cells. Further, functional inactivation of BMP2K in zebrafish embryos yields gastrulation phenotypes which mirror AP-2 loss-of-function suggesting physiological relevance of BMP2K in vertebrates. Together, our findings propose involvement of a novel kinase in AP-2 phosphorylation and in the operation of CME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha T Ramesh
- Intracellular Trafficking Laboratory, Transdisciplinary Biology Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Centre for Doctoral Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kolaparamba V Navyasree
- Intracellular Trafficking Laboratory, Transdisciplinary Biology Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Centre for Doctoral Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sneha Sah
- Intracellular Trafficking Laboratory, Transdisciplinary Biology Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Anjitha B Ashok
- Intracellular Trafficking Laboratory, Transdisciplinary Biology Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Nishada Qathoon
- Intracellular Trafficking Laboratory, Transdisciplinary Biology Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | | | - Perunthottathu K Umasankar
- Intracellular Trafficking Laboratory, Transdisciplinary Biology Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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17
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Arora D, Damme DV. Motif-based endomembrane trafficking. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:221-238. [PMID: 33605419 PMCID: PMC8154067 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Endomembrane trafficking, which allows proteins and lipids to flow between the different endomembrane compartments, largely occurs by vesicle-mediated transport. Transmembrane proteins intended for transport are concentrated into a vesicle or carrier by undulation of a donor membrane. This is followed by vesicle scission, uncoating, and finally, fusion at the target membrane. Three major trafficking pathways operate inside eukaryotic cells: anterograde, retrograde, and endocytic. Each pathway involves a unique set of machinery and coat proteins that pack the transmembrane proteins, along with their associated lipids, into specific carriers. Adaptor and coatomer complexes are major facilitators that function in anterograde transport and in endocytosis. These complexes recognize the transmembrane cargoes destined for transport and recruit the coat proteins that help form the carriers. These complexes use either linear motifs or posttranslational modifications to recognize the cargoes, which are then packaged and delivered along the trafficking pathways. In this review, we focus on the different trafficking complexes that share a common evolutionary branch in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and we discuss up-to-date knowledge about the cargo recognition motifs they use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepanksha Arora
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Daniёl Van Damme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Author for communication:
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18
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Djakbarova U, Madraki Y, Chan ET, Kural C. Dynamic interplay between cell membrane tension and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Biol Cell 2021; 113:344-373. [PMID: 33788963 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Deformability of the plasma membrane, the outermost surface of metazoan cells, allows cells to be dynamic, mobile and flexible. Factors that affect this deformability, such as tension on the membrane, can regulate a myriad of cellular functions, including membrane resealing, cell motility, polarisation, shape maintenance, membrane area control and endocytic vesicle trafficking. This review focuses on mechanoregulation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). We first delineate the origins of cell membrane tension and the factors that yield to its spatial and temporal fluctuations within cells. We then review the recent literature demonstrating that tension on the membrane is a fast-acting and reversible regulator of CME. Finally, we discuss tension-based regulation of endocytic clathrin coat formation during physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasaman Madraki
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Emily T Chan
- Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Molecular Biophysics Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Cömert Kural
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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19
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Camblor-Perujo S, Kononenko NL. Brain-specific functions of the endocytic machinery. FEBS J 2021; 289:2219-2246. [PMID: 33896112 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endocytosis is an essential cellular process required for multiple physiological functions, including communication with the extracellular environment, nutrient uptake, and signaling by the cell surface receptors. In a broad sense, endocytosis is accomplished through either constitutive or ligand-induced invagination of the plasma membrane, which results in the formation of the plasma membrane-retrieved endocytic vesicles, which can either be sent for degradation to the lysosomes or recycled back to the PM. This additional function of endocytosis in membrane retrieval has been adopted by excitable cells, such as neurons, for membrane equilibrium maintenance at synapses. The last two decades were especially productive with respect to the identification of brain-specific functions of the endocytic machinery, which additionally include but not limited to regulation of neuronal differentiation and migration, maintenance of neuron morphology and synaptic plasticity, and prevention of neurotoxic aggregates spreading. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge of brain-specific functions of endocytic machinery with a specific focus on three brain cell types, neuronal progenitor cells, neurons, and glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia L Kononenko
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Germany.,Center for Physiology & Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany
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20
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Winkler J, De Meyer A, Mylle E, Storme V, Grones P, Van Damme D. Nanobody-Dependent Delocalization of Endocytic Machinery in Arabidopsis Root Cells Dampens Their Internalization Capacity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:538580. [PMID: 33815429 PMCID: PMC8018273 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.538580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells perceive and adapt to an ever-changing environment by modifying their plasma membrane (PM) proteome. Whereas secretion deposits new integral membrane proteins, internalization by endocytosis removes membrane proteins and associated ligands, largely with the aid of adaptor protein (AP) complexes and the scaffolding molecule clathrin. Two AP complexes function in clathrin-mediated endocytosis at the PM in plant cells, the heterotetrameric AP-2 complex and the hetero-octameric TPLATE complex (TPC). Whereas single subunit mutants in AP-2 develop into viable plants, genetic mutation of a single TPC subunit causes fully penetrant male sterility and silencing single subunits leads to seedling lethality. To address TPC function in somatic root cells, while minimizing indirect effects on plant growth, we employed nanobody-dependent delocalization of a functional, GFP-tagged TPC subunit, TML, in its respective homozygous genetic mutant background. In order to decrease the amount of functional TPC at the PM, we targeted our nanobody construct to the mitochondria and fused it to TagBFP2 to visualize it independently of its bait. We furthermore limited the effect of our delocalization to those tissues that are easily accessible for live-cell imaging by expressing it from the PIN2 promoter, which is active in root epidermal and cortex cells. With this approach, we successfully delocalized TML from the PM. Moreover, we also show co-recruitment of TML-GFP and AP2A1-TagRFP to the mitochondria, suggesting that our approach delocalized complexes, rather than individual adaptor complex subunits. In line with the specific expression domain, we only observed minor effects on root growth, yet realized a clear reduction of endocytic flux in epidermal root cells. Nanobody-dependent delocalization in plants, here exemplified using a TPC subunit, has the potential to be widely applicable to achieve specific loss-of-function analysis of otherwise lethal mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Winkler
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andreas De Meyer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Mylle
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veronique Storme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Grones
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniël Van Damme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
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21
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Winkler J, De Meyer A, Mylle E, Storme V, Grones P, Van Damme D. Nanobody-Dependent Delocalization of Endocytic Machinery in Arabidopsis Root Cells Dampens Their Internalization Capacity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021. [PMID: 33815429 DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.27.968446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells perceive and adapt to an ever-changing environment by modifying their plasma membrane (PM) proteome. Whereas secretion deposits new integral membrane proteins, internalization by endocytosis removes membrane proteins and associated ligands, largely with the aid of adaptor protein (AP) complexes and the scaffolding molecule clathrin. Two AP complexes function in clathrin-mediated endocytosis at the PM in plant cells, the heterotetrameric AP-2 complex and the hetero-octameric TPLATE complex (TPC). Whereas single subunit mutants in AP-2 develop into viable plants, genetic mutation of a single TPC subunit causes fully penetrant male sterility and silencing single subunits leads to seedling lethality. To address TPC function in somatic root cells, while minimizing indirect effects on plant growth, we employed nanobody-dependent delocalization of a functional, GFP-tagged TPC subunit, TML, in its respective homozygous genetic mutant background. In order to decrease the amount of functional TPC at the PM, we targeted our nanobody construct to the mitochondria and fused it to TagBFP2 to visualize it independently of its bait. We furthermore limited the effect of our delocalization to those tissues that are easily accessible for live-cell imaging by expressing it from the PIN2 promoter, which is active in root epidermal and cortex cells. With this approach, we successfully delocalized TML from the PM. Moreover, we also show co-recruitment of TML-GFP and AP2A1-TagRFP to the mitochondria, suggesting that our approach delocalized complexes, rather than individual adaptor complex subunits. In line with the specific expression domain, we only observed minor effects on root growth, yet realized a clear reduction of endocytic flux in epidermal root cells. Nanobody-dependent delocalization in plants, here exemplified using a TPC subunit, has the potential to be widely applicable to achieve specific loss-of-function analysis of otherwise lethal mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Winkler
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andreas De Meyer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Mylle
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veronique Storme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Grones
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniël Van Damme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
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22
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Du Y, Sun D, Li Y. Mex3c mutation affects lactation through impairing milk ejection in female mice. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20201285. [PMID: 33180120 PMCID: PMC7729293 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse Mex3c encodes RNA-binding proteins of variant length through alternative splicing. Its mutation results in multiple defects including growth retardation, perturbed energy balance, and defective antiviral innate immunity. Here we report that Mex3c mutation affects mammary gland development and lactation in female mice. Pups of Mex3c mutant dams die of starvation soon after birth. Milk contents are present in the alveoli but deficient in the ducts of the mammary glands in mutant mice. Mutant mice do not show prolactin or oxytocin deficiency. They also develop myoepithelial cells in the mammary glands. Mex3c is expressed in the mammary gland epithelium. Our data suggest that functional defects in mammary gland epithelium or myoepithelial cells could cause lactation defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Du
- Department of Surgical Research, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Dongjun Sun
- Graduate School, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, China
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, U.S.A
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, China
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23
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Tobys D, Kowalski LM, Cziudaj E, Müller S, Zentis P, Pach E, Zigrino P, Blaeske T, Höning S. Inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis by knockdown of AP-2 leads to alterations in the plasma membrane proteome. Traffic 2020; 22:6-22. [PMID: 33225555 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is a central pathway for the internalization of proteins from the cell surface, thereby contributing to the maintenance of the plasma membrane protein composition. A key component for the formation of endocytic clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) is AP-2, as it sequesters cargo membrane proteins, recruits a multitude of other endocytic factors and initiates clathrin polymerization. Here, we inhibited CME by depletion of AP-2 and explored the consequences for the plasma membrane proteome. Quantitative analysis revealed accumulation of major constituents of the endosomal-lysosomal system reflecting a block in retrieval by compensatory CME. The noticeable enrichment of integrins and blockage of their turnover resulted in severely impaired cell migration. Rare proteins such as the anti-cancer drug target CA9 and tumor markers (CD73, CD164, CD302) were significantly enriched. The AP-2 knockdown attenuated the global endocytic capacity, but clathrin-independent entry pathways were still operating, as indicated by persistent internalization of specific membrane-spanning and GPI-anchored receptors (PVR, IGF1R, CD55, TNAP). We hypothesize that blocking AP-2 function and thus inhibiting CME may be a novel approach to identify new druggable targets, or to increase their residence time at the plasma membrane, thereby increasing the probability for efficient therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tobys
- Institute for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisa Maria Kowalski
- Institute for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Cziudaj
- Institute for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Müller
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Zentis
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elke Pach
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paola Zigrino
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Blaeske
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Constance, Constance, Germany
| | - Stefan Höning
- Institute for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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24
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Liu D, Kumar R, Claus LAN, Johnson AJ, Siao W, Vanhoutte I, Wang P, Bender KW, Yperman K, Martins S, Zhao X, Vert G, Van Damme D, Friml J, Russinova E. Endocytosis of BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 Is Partly Driven by a Canonical Tyr-Based Motif. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:3598-3612. [PMID: 32958564 PMCID: PMC7610300 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and its core endocytic machinery are evolutionarily conserved across all eukaryotes. In mammals, the heterotetrameric adaptor protein complex-2 (AP-2) sorts plasma membrane (PM) cargoes into vesicles via the recognition of motifs based on Tyr or di-Leu in their cytoplasmic tails. However, in plants, very little is known about how PM proteins are sorted for CME and whether similar motifs are required. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the brassinosteroid (BR) receptor BR INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1) undergoes endocytosis, which depends on clathrin and AP-2. Here, we demonstrate that BRI1 binds directly to the medium AP-2 subunit (AP2M). The cytoplasmic domain of BRI1 contains five putative canonical surface-exposed Tyr-based endocytic motifs. The Tyr-to-Phe substitution in Y898KAI reduced BRI1 internalization without affecting its kinase activity. Consistently, plants carrying the BRI1Y898F mutation were hypersensitive to BRs. Our study demonstrates that AP-2-dependent internalization of PM proteins via the recognition of functional Tyr motifs also operates in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derui Liu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lucas A N Claus
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Wei Siao
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Vanhoutte
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kyle W Bender
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Klaas Yperman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sara Martins
- Plant Science Research Laboratory (LRSV), UMR5546 CNRS/Université Toulouse 3, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Xiuyang Zhao
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Grégory Vert
- Plant Science Research Laboratory (LRSV), UMR5546 CNRS/Université Toulouse 3, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Daniël Van Damme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Eugenia Russinova
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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25
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Clathrin light chain diversity regulates membrane deformation in vitro and synaptic vesicle formation in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:23527-23538. [PMID: 32907943 PMCID: PMC7519287 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003662117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reveals that diversity of clathrin light chain (CLC) subunits alters clathrin properties and demonstrates that the two neuronal CLC subunits work together for optimal clathrin function in synaptic vesicle formation. Our findings establish a role for CLC diversity in synaptic transmission and illustrate how CLC variability expands the complexity of clathrin to serve tissue-specific functions. Clathrin light chain (CLC) subunits in vertebrates are encoded by paralogous genes CLTA and CLTB, and both gene products are alternatively spliced in neurons. To understand how this CLC diversity influences neuronal clathrin function, we characterized the biophysical properties of clathrin comprising individual CLC variants for correlation with neuronal phenotypes of mice lacking either CLC-encoding gene. CLC splice variants differentially influenced clathrin knee conformation within assemblies, and clathrin with neuronal CLC mixtures was more effective in membrane deformation than clathrin with single neuronal isoforms nCLCa or nCLCb. Correspondingly, electrophysiological recordings revealed that neurons from mice lacking nCLCa or nCLCb were both defective in synaptic vesicle replenishment. Mice with only nCLCb had a reduced synaptic vesicle pool and impaired neurotransmission compared to WT mice, while nCLCa-only mice had increased synaptic vesicle numbers, restoring normal neurotransmission. These findings highlight differences between the CLC isoforms and show that isoform mixing influences tissue-specific clathrin activity in neurons, which requires their functional balance.
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26
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Ju Y, Guo H, Edman M, Hamm-Alvarez SF. Application of advances in endocytosis and membrane trafficking to drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 157:118-141. [PMID: 32758615 PMCID: PMC7853512 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multidisciplinary research efforts in the field of drug delivery have led to the development of a variety of drug delivery systems (DDS) designed for site-specific delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Since efficient uptake of drug carriers into target cells is central to effective drug delivery, a comprehensive understanding of the biological pathways for cellular internalization of DDS can facilitate the development of DDS capable of precise tissue targeting and enhanced therapeutic outcomes. Diverse methods have been applied to study the internalization mechanisms responsible for endocytotic uptake of extracellular materials, which are also the principal pathways exploited by many DDS. Chemical inhibitors remain the most commonly used method to explore endocytotic internalization mechanisms, although genetic methods are increasingly accessible and may constitute more specific approaches. This review highlights the molecular basis of internalization pathways most relevant to internalization of DDS, and the principal methods used to study each route. This review also showcases examples of DDS that are internalized by each route, and reviews the general effects of biophysical properties of DDS on the internalization efficiency. Finally, options for intracellular trafficking and targeting of internalized DDS are briefly reviewed, representing an additional opportunity for multi-level targeting to achieve further specificity and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Ju
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC School of Pharmacy, USA
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC School of Pharmacy, USA
| | - Maria Edman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Sarah F Hamm-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC School of Pharmacy, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA.
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27
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Yuan S, Chu H, Huang J, Zhao X, Ye ZW, Lai PM, Wen L, Cai JP, Mo Y, Cao J, Liang R, Poon VKM, Sze KH, Zhou J, To KKW, Chen Z, Chen H, Jin DY, Chan JFW, Yuen KY. Viruses harness YxxØ motif to interact with host AP2M1 for replication: A vulnerable broad-spectrum antiviral target. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba7910. [PMID: 32923629 PMCID: PMC7455044 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba7910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Targeting a universal host protein exploited by most viruses would be a game-changing strategy that offers broad-spectrum solution and rapid pandemic control including the current COVID-19. Here, we found a common YxxØ-motif of multiple viruses that exploits host AP2M1 for intracellular trafficking. A library chemical, N-(p-amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid (ACA), was identified to interrupt AP2M1-virus interaction and exhibit potent antiviral efficacy against a number of viruses in vitro and in vivo, including the influenza A viruses (IAVs), Zika virus (ZIKV), human immunodeficiency virus, and coronaviruses including MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. YxxØ mutation, AP2M1 depletion, or disruption by ACA causes incorrect localization of viral proteins, which is exemplified by the failure of nuclear import of IAV nucleoprotein and diminished endoplasmic reticulum localization of ZIKV-NS3 and enterovirus-A71-2C proteins, thereby suppressing viral replication. Our study reveals an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of protein-protein interaction between host and virus that can serve as a broad-spectrum antiviral target.
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MESH Headings
- A549 Cells
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/metabolism
- Animals
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- Betacoronavirus/drug effects
- Binding Sites/genetics
- COVID-19
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Cinnamates/pharmacology
- Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy
- Coronavirus Infections/pathology
- Dogs
- HEK293 Cells
- HIV Infections/drug therapy
- HIV Infections/pathology
- HIV-1/drug effects
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/drug effects
- Humans
- Influenza A virus/drug effects
- Influenza, Human/drug therapy
- Influenza, Human/pathology
- Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/drug effects
- Pandemics
- Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy
- Pneumonia, Viral/pathology
- Protein Binding/genetics
- Protein Transport/drug effects
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/genetics
- SARS-CoV-2
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism
- Vero Cells
- Virus Replication/drug effects
- Zika Virus/drug effects
- Zika Virus Infection/pathology
- ortho-Aminobenzoates/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuofeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zi-Wei Ye
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Pok-Man Lai
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Lei Wen
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jian-Piao Cai
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yufei Mo
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jianli Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ronghui Liang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Vincent Kwok-Man Poon
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kong-Hung Sze
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Honglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dong-Yan Jin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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28
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Pascolutti R, Algisi V, Conte A, Raimondi A, Pasham M, Upadhyayula S, Gaudin R, Maritzen T, Barbieri E, Caldieri G, Tordonato C, Confalonieri S, Freddi S, Malabarba MG, Maspero E, Polo S, Tacchetti C, Haucke V, Kirchhausen T, Di Fiore PP, Sigismund S. Molecularly Distinct Clathrin-Coated Pits Differentially Impact EGFR Fate and Signaling. Cell Rep 2020; 27:3049-3061.e6. [PMID: 31167147 PMCID: PMC6581797 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptor protein 2 (AP2) is a major constituent of clathrin-coated pits (CCPs). Whether it is essential for all forms of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) in mammalian cells is an open issue. Here, we demonstrate, by live TIRF microscopy, the existence of a subclass of relatively short-lived CCPs lacking AP2 under physiological, unperturbed conditions. This subclass is retained in AP2-knockout cells and is able to support the internalization of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) but not of transferrin receptor (TfR). The AP2-independent internalization mechanism relies on the endocytic adaptors eps15, eps15L1, and epsin1. The absence of AP2 impairs the recycling of the EGFR to the cell surface, thereby augmenting its degradation. Accordingly, under conditions of AP2 ablation, we detected dampening of EGFR-dependent AKT signaling and cell migration, arguing that distinct classes of CCPs could provide specialized functions in regulating EGFR recycling and signaling. Distinct classes of CCPs exist, molecularly defined by the presence or lack of AP2 The AP2-negative CCPs support the internalization of EGFR but not of TfR The AP2-negative CCPs rely on the endocytic adaptors eps15/eps15L1 and epsin1 The two classes of CCPs determine distinct EGFR fates and signaling outputs
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Pascolutti
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Algisi
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Alexia Conte
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Raimondi
- Experimental Imaging Centre, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Mithun Pasham
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Srigokul Upadhyayula
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Raphael Gaudin
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, UMR 9004, CNRS/UM, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Tanja Maritzen
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisa Barbieri
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Giusi Caldieri
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Via Santa Sofia 9/1, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Tordonato
- Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Confalonieri
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Freddi
- Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Malabarba
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Via Santa Sofia 9/1, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Maspero
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Polo
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Via Santa Sofia 9/1, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Tacchetti
- Experimental Imaging Centre, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy; Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tom Kirchhausen
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Via Santa Sofia 9/1, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Sigismund
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Via Santa Sofia 9/1, 20122 Milan, Italy.
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29
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Bonnycastle K, Davenport EC, Cousin MA. Presynaptic dysfunction in neurodevelopmental disorders: Insights from the synaptic vesicle life cycle. J Neurochem 2020; 157:179-207. [PMID: 32378740 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The activity-dependent fusion, retrieval and recycling of synaptic vesicles is essential for the maintenance of neurotransmission. Until relatively recently it was believed that most mutations in genes that were essential for this process would be incompatible with life, because of this fundamental role. However, an ever-expanding number of mutations in this very cohort of genes are being identified in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism, intellectual disability and epilepsy. This article will summarize the current state of knowledge linking mutations in presynaptic genes to neurodevelopmental disorders by sequentially covering the various stages of the synaptic vesicle life cycle. It will also discuss how perturbations of specific stages within this recycling process could translate into human disease. Finally, it will also provide perspectives on the potential for future therapy that are targeted to presynaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Bonnycastle
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Davenport
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael A Cousin
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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30
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Heaton GR, Landeck N, Mamais A, Nalls MA, Nixon-Abell J, Kumaran R, Beilina A, Pellegrini L, Li Y, Harvey K, Cookson MR. Sequential screening nominates the Parkinson's disease associated kinase LRRK2 as a regulator of Clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 141:104948. [PMID: 32434048 PMCID: PMC7339134 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are an established cause of inherited Parkinson's disease (PD). LRRK2 is expressed in both neurons and glia in the central nervous system, but its physiological function(s) in each of these cell types is uncertain. Through sequential screens, we report a functional interaction between LRRK2 and Clathrin adaptor protein complex 2 (AP2). Analysis of LRRK2 KO tissue revealed a significant dysregulation of AP2 complex components, suggesting LRRK2 may act upstream of AP2. In line with this hypothesis, expression of LRRK2 was found to modify recruitment and phosphorylation of AP2. Furthermore, expression of LRRK2 containing the R1441C pathogenic mutation resulted in impaired clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). A decrease in activity-dependent synaptic vesicle endocytosis was also observed in neurons harboring an endogenous R1441C LRRK2 mutation. Alongside LRRK2, several PD-associated genes intersect with membrane-trafficking pathways. To investigate the genetic association between Clathrin-trafficking and PD, we used polygenetic risk profiling from IPDGC genome wide association studies (GWAS) datasets. Clathrin-dependent endocytosis genes were found to be associated with PD across multiple cohorts, suggesting common variants at these loci represent a cumulative risk factor for disease. Taken together, these findings suggest CME is a LRRK2-mediated, PD relevant pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R Heaton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Natalie Landeck
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Adamantios Mamais
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Jonathon Nixon-Abell
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Ravindran Kumaran
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Alexandra Beilina
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Laura Pellegrini
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Mass spectrometry Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 20814, USA
| | - Kirsten Harvey
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
| | - Mark R Cookson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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Endocytic regulation of cellular ion homeostasis controls lysosome biogenesis. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:815-827. [PMID: 32601373 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-0535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes serve as cellular degradation and signalling centres that coordinate metabolism in response to intracellular cues and extracellular signals. Lysosomal capacity is adapted to cellular needs by transcription factors, such as TFEB and TFE3, which activate the expression of lysosomal and autophagy genes. Nuclear translocation and activation of TFEB are induced by a variety of conditions such as starvation, lysosome stress and lysosomal storage disorders. How these various cues are integrated remains incompletely understood. Here, we describe a pathway initiated at the plasma membrane that controls lysosome biogenesis via the endocytic regulation of intracellular ion homeostasis. This pathway is based on the exo-endocytosis of NHE7, a Na+/H+ exchanger mutated in X-linked intellectual disability, and serves to control intracellular ion homeostasis and thereby Ca2+/calcineurin-mediated activation of TFEB and downstream lysosome biogenesis in response to osmotic stress to promote the turnover of toxic proteins and cell survival.
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Baschieri F, Porshneva K, Montagnac G. Frustrated clathrin-mediated endocytosis – causes and possible functions. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/11/jcs240861. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.240861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is the main entry route for most cell surface receptors and their ligands. It is regulated by clathrin-coated structures that are endowed with the ability to cluster receptors and to locally bend the plasma membrane, resulting in the formation of receptor-containing vesicles that bud into the cytoplasm. This canonical role of clathrin-coated structures has been shown to play a fundamental part in many different aspects of cell physiology. However, it has recently become clear that the ability of clathrin-coated structures to deform membranes can be perturbed. In addition to chemical or genetic alterations, numerous environmental conditions can physically prevent or slow down membrane bending and/or budding at clathrin-coated structures. The resulting ‘frustrated endocytosis’ is emerging as not merely a passive consequence, but one that actually fulfils some very specific and important cellular functions. In this Review, we provide an historical and defining perspective on frustrated endocytosis in the clathrin pathway of mammalian cells, before discussing its causes and highlighting the possible functional consequences in physiology and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Baschieri
- Inserm U1279, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif 94805, France
| | - Kseniia Porshneva
- Inserm U1279, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif 94805, France
| | - Guillaume Montagnac
- Inserm U1279, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif 94805, France
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33
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Bera S, Camblor‐Perujo S, Calleja Barca E, Negrete‐Hurtado A, Racho J, De Bruyckere E, Wittich C, Ellrich N, Martins S, Adjaye J, Kononenko NL. AP-2 reduces amyloidogenesis by promoting BACE1 trafficking and degradation in neurons. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e47954. [PMID: 32323475 PMCID: PMC7271323 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201947954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by BACE-1 (β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1) is the rate-limiting step in amyloid-β (Aβ) production and a neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite decades of research, mechanisms of amyloidogenic APP processing remain highly controversial. Here, we show that in neurons, APP processing and Aβ production are controlled by the protein complex-2 (AP-2), an endocytic adaptor known to be required for APP endocytosis. Now, we find that AP-2 prevents amyloidogenesis by additionally functioning downstream of BACE1 endocytosis, regulating BACE1 endosomal trafficking and its delivery to lysosomes. AP-2 is decreased in iPSC-derived neurons from patients with late-onset AD, while conditional AP-2 knockout (KO) mice exhibit increased Aβ production, resulting from accumulation of BACE1 within late endosomes and autophagosomes. Deletion of BACE1 decreases amyloidogenesis and mitigates synapse loss in neurons lacking AP-2. Taken together, these data suggest a mechanism for BACE1 intracellular trafficking and degradation via an endocytosis-independent function of AP-2 and reveal a novel role for endocytic proteins in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujoy Bera
- CECAD Research CenterUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Present address:
Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative MedicineFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | | | | | | | - Julia Racho
- CECAD Research CenterUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | | | | | - Nina Ellrich
- CECAD Research CenterUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Soraia Martins
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative MedicineMedical FacultyHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - James Adjaye
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative MedicineMedical FacultyHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
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Ivankovic D, Drew J, Lesept F, White IJ, López Doménech G, Tooze SA, Kittler JT. Axonal autophagosome maturation defect through failure of ATG9A sorting underpins pathology in AP-4 deficiency syndrome. Autophagy 2020; 16:391-407. [PMID: 31142229 PMCID: PMC6999640 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1615302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptor protein (AP) complexes mediate key sorting decisions in the cell through selective incorporation of transmembrane proteins into vesicles. Little is known of the roles of AP-4, despite its loss of function leading to a severe early onset neurological disorder, AP-4 deficiency syndrome. Here we demonstrate an AP-4 epsilon subunit knockout mouse model that recapitulates characteristic neuroanatomical phenotypes of AP-4 deficiency patients. We show that ATG9A, critical for autophagosome biogenesis, is an AP-4 cargo, which is retained within the trans-Golgi network (TGN) in vivo and in culture when AP-4 function is lost. TGN retention results in depletion of axonal ATG9A, leading to defective autophagosome generation and aberrant expansions of the distal axon. The reduction in the capacity to generate axonal autophagosomes leads to defective axonal extension and de novo generation of distal axonal swellings containing accumulated ER, underlying the impaired axonal integrity in AP-4 deficiency syndrome.Abbreviations: AP: adaptor protein; AP4B1: adaptor-related protein complex AP-4, beta 1; AP4E1: adaptor-related protein complex AP-4, epsilon 1; ATG: autophagy-related; EBSS: Earle's balanced salt solution; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GFAP: glial fibrillary acidic protein; GOLGA1/Golgin-97/GOLG97: golgi autoantigen, golgin subfamily a, 1; GOLGA2/GM130: golgi autoantigen, golgin subfamily a, 2; HSP: hereditary spastic paraplegia; LC3/MAP1LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MAP2: microtubule-associated protein 2; MAPK8IP1/JIP1: mitogen-acitvated protein kinase 8 interacting protein 1; NEFH/NF200: neurofilament, heavy polypeptide; RBFOX3/NeuN (RNA binding protein, fox-1 homolog [C. elegans] 3); SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TGN: trans-Golgi network; WIPI2: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting protein 2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Drew
- Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Flavie Lesept
- Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Ian J. White
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, UCL, London, UK
| | | | - Sharon A. Tooze
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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Schwihla M, Korbei B. The Beginning of the End: Initial Steps in the Degradation of Plasma Membrane Proteins. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:680. [PMID: 32528512 PMCID: PMC7253699 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM), as border between the inside and the outside of a cell, is densely packed with proteins involved in the sensing and transmission of internal and external stimuli, as well as transport processes and is therefore vital for plant development as well as quick and accurate responses to the environment. It is consequently not surprising that several regulatory pathways participate in the tight regulation of the spatiotemporal control of PM proteins. Ubiquitination of PM proteins plays a key role in directing their entry into the endo-lysosomal system, serving as a signal for triggering endocytosis and further sorting for degradation. Nevertheless, a uniting picture of the different roles of the respective types of ubiquitination in the consecutive steps of down-regulation of membrane proteins is still missing. The trans-Golgi network (TGN), which acts as an early endosome (EE) in plants receives the endocytosed cargo, and here the decision is made to either recycled back to the PM or further delivered to the vacuole for degradation. A multi-complex machinery, the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT), concentrates ubiquitinated proteins and ushers them into the intraluminal vesicles of multi-vesicular bodies (MVBs). Several ESCRTs have ubiquitin binding subunits, which anchor and guide the cargos through the endocytic degradation route. Basic enzymes and the mode of action in the early degradation steps of PM proteins are conserved in eukaryotes, yet many plant unique components exist, which are often essential in this pathway. Thus, deciphering the initial steps in the degradation of ubiquitinated PM proteins, which is the major focus of this review, will greatly contribute to the larger question of how plants mange to fine-tune their responses to their environment.
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36
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Fred SM, Laukkanen L, Brunello CA, Vesa L, Göös H, Cardon I, Moliner R, Maritzen T, Varjosalo M, Casarotto PC, Castrén E. Pharmacologically diverse antidepressants facilitate TRKB receptor activation by disrupting its interaction with the endocytic adaptor complex AP-2. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:18150-18161. [PMID: 31631060 PMCID: PMC6885648 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Several antidepressant drugs activate tropomyosin-related kinase B (TRKB) receptor, but it remains unclear whether these compounds employ a common mechanism for TRKB activation. Here, using MS, we found that a single intraperitoneal injection of fluoxetine disrupts the interaction of several proteins with TRKB in the hippocampus of mice. These proteins included members of adaptor protein complex-2 (AP-2) involved in vesicular endocytosis. The interaction of TRKB with the cargo-docking μ subunit of the AP-2 complex (AP2M) was confirmed to be disrupted by both acute and repeated fluoxetine treatments. Of note, fluoxetine disrupted the coupling between full-length TRKB and AP2M, but not the interaction between AP2M and the TRKB C-terminal region, indicating that the fluoxetine-binding site in TRKB lies outside the TRKB:AP2M interface. ELISA experiments revealed that in addition to fluoxetine, other chemically diverse antidepressants, such as imipramine, rolipram, phenelzine, ketamine, and its metabolite 2R,6R-hydroxynorketamine, also decreased the interaction between TRKB and AP2M in vitro Silencing the expression of AP2M in a TRKB-expressing mouse fibroblast cell line (MG87.TRKB) increased cell-surface expression of TRKB and facilitated its activation by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), observed as levels of phosphorylated TRKB. Moreover, animals haploinsufficient for the Ap2m1 gene displayed increased levels of active TRKB, along with enhanced cell-surface expression of the receptor in cultured hippocampal neurons. Taken together, our results suggest that disruption of the TRKB:AP2M interaction is a common mechanism underlying TRKB activation by several chemically diverse antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senem Merve Fred
- Neuroscience Center-HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liina Laukkanen
- Neuroscience Center-HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cecilia A Brunello
- Neuroscience Center-HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Vesa
- Neuroscience Center-HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helka Göös
- Institute of Biotechnology-HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iseline Cardon
- Brain Master Program, Faculty of Science, Aix-Marseille Université, 13007 Marseille, France
| | - Rafael Moliner
- Neuroscience Center-HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tanja Maritzen
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology-HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Plinio C Casarotto
- Neuroscience Center-HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Eero Castrén
- Neuroscience Center-HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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37
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Endocytic Adaptor Proteins in Health and Disease: Lessons from Model Organisms and Human Mutations. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111345. [PMID: 31671891 PMCID: PMC6912373 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells need to exchange material and information with their environment. This is largely achieved via cell-surface receptors which mediate processes ranging from nutrient uptake to signaling responses. Consequently, their surface levels have to be dynamically controlled. Endocytosis constitutes a powerful mechanism to regulate the surface proteome and to recycle vesicular transmembrane proteins that strand at the plasma membrane after exocytosis. For efficient internalization, the cargo proteins need to be linked to the endocytic machinery via adaptor proteins such as the heterotetrameric endocytic adaptor complex AP-2 and a variety of mostly monomeric endocytic adaptors. In line with the importance of endocytosis for nutrient uptake, cell signaling and neurotransmission, animal models and human mutations have revealed that defects in these adaptors are associated with several diseases ranging from metabolic disorders to encephalopathies. This review will discuss the physiological functions of the so far known adaptor proteins and will provide a comprehensive overview of their links to human diseases.
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38
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Sanger A, Hirst J, Davies AK, Robinson MS. Adaptor protein complexes and disease at a glance. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:132/20/jcs222992. [PMID: 31636158 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.222992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptor protein (AP) complexes are heterotetramers that select cargo for inclusion into transport vesicles. Five AP complexes (AP-1 to AP-5) have been described, each with a distinct localisation and function. Furthermore, patients with a range of disorders, particularly involving the nervous system, have now been identified with mutations in each of the AP complexes. In many cases this has been correlated with aberrantly localised membrane proteins. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we summarize what is known about the five AP complexes and discuss how this helps to explain the clinical features of the different genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneri Sanger
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Jennifer Hirst
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Alexandra K Davies
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Margaret S Robinson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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Abstract
Protein coats are supramolecular complexes that assemble on the cytosolic face of membranes to promote cargo sorting and transport carrier formation in the endomembrane system of eukaryotic cells. Several types of protein coats have been described, including COPI, COPII, AP-1, AP-2, AP-3, AP-4, AP-5, and retromer, which operate at different stages of the endomembrane system. Defects in these coats impair specific transport pathways, compromising the function and viability of the cells. In humans, mutations in subunits of these coats cause various congenital diseases that are collectively referred to as coatopathies. In this article, we review the fundamental properties of protein coats and the diseases that result from mutation of their constituent subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban C Dell'Angelica
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
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40
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Helbig I, Lopez-Hernandez T, Shor O, Galer P, Ganesan S, Pendziwiat M, Rademacher A, Ellis CA, Hümpfer N, Schwarz N, Seiffert S, Peeden J, Shen J, Štěrbová K, Hammer TB, Møller RS, Shinde DN, Tang S, Smith L, Poduri A, Krause R, Benninger F, Helbig KL, Haucke V, Weber YG. A Recurrent Missense Variant in AP2M1 Impairs Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis and Causes Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:1060-1072. [PMID: 31104773 PMCID: PMC6556875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are heterogeneous disorders with a strong genetic contribution, but the underlying genetic etiology remains unknown in a significant proportion of individuals. To explore whether statistical support for genetic etiologies can be generated on the basis of phenotypic features, we analyzed whole-exome sequencing data and phenotypic similarities by using Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) in 314 individuals with DEEs. We identified a de novo c.508C>T (p.Arg170Trp) variant in AP2M1 in two individuals with a phenotypic similarity that was higher than expected by chance (p = 0.003) and a phenotype related to epilepsy with myoclonic-atonic seizures. We subsequently found the same de novo variant in two individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders and generalized epilepsy in a cohort of 2,310 individuals who underwent diagnostic whole-exome sequencing. AP2M1 encodes the μ-subunit of the adaptor protein complex 2 (AP-2), which is involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and synaptic vesicle recycling. Modeling of protein dynamics indicated that the p.Arg170Trp variant impairs the conformational activation and thermodynamic entropy of the AP-2 complex. Functional complementation of both the μ-subunit carrying the p.Arg170Trp variant in human cells and astrocytes derived from AP-2μ conditional knockout mice revealed a significant impairment of CME of transferrin. In contrast, stability, expression levels, membrane recruitment, and localization were not impaired, suggesting a functional alteration of the AP-2 complex as the underlying disease mechanism. We establish a recurrent pathogenic variant in AP2M1 as a cause of DEEs with distinct phenotypic features, and we implicate dysfunction of the early steps of endocytosis as a disease mechanism in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Helbig
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neuropediatrics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | | | - Oded Shor
- Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Peter Galer
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shiva Ganesan
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Manuela Pendziwiat
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Annika Rademacher
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Colin A Ellis
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nadja Hümpfer
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Niklas Schwarz
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simone Seiffert
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joseph Peeden
- East Tennessee Children's Hospital, University of Tennessee Department of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37916, USA
| | - Joseph Shen
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Fresno, CA 93701, USA
| | - Katalin Štěrbová
- Department of Child Neurology, Charles University 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Rikke S Møller
- Danish Epilepsy Centre Filadelfia, 4293 Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Deepali N Shinde
- Division of Clinical Genomics, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - Sha Tang
- Division of Clinical Genomics, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - Lacey Smith
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Annapurna Poduri
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Roland Krause
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Felix Benninger
- Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Katherine L Helbig
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yvonne G Weber
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Yoshinari A, Hosokawa T, Amano T, Beier MP, Kunieda T, Shimada T, Hara-Nishimura I, Naito S, Takano J. Polar Localization of the Borate Exporter BOR1 Requires AP2-Dependent Endocytosis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:1569-1580. [PMID: 30710051 PMCID: PMC6446798 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) is an essential element in plants but is toxic when it accumulates to high levels. In root cells of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the borate exporter BOR1 is polarly localized in the plasma membrane toward the stele side for directional transport of B. Upon high-B supply, BOR1 is rapidly internalized and degraded in the vacuole. The polar localization and B-induced vacuolar sorting of BOR1 are mediated by endocytosis from the plasma membrane. To dissect the endocytic pathways mediating the polar localization and vacuolar sorting, we investigated the contribution of the clathrin adaptor protein, ADAPTOR PROTEIN2 (AP2) complex, to BOR1 trafficking. In the mutants lacking µ- or σ-subunits of the AP2 complex, the polar localization and constitutive endocytosis of BOR1 under low-B conditions were dramatically disturbed. A coimmunoprecipitation assay showed association of the AP2 complex with BOR1, while it was independent of YxxΦ sorting motifs, which are in a cytosolic loop of BOR1. A yeast two-hybrid assay supported the interaction of the AP2 complex µ-subunit with the C-terminal tail but not with the YxxΦ motifs in the cytosolic loop of BOR1. Intriguingly, lack of the AP2 subunit did not affect the B-induced rapid internalization/vacuolar sorting of BOR1. Consistent with defects in the polar localization, the AP2 complex mutants showed hypersensitivity to B deficiency. Our results indicate that AP2-dependent endocytosis maintains the polar localization of BOR1 to support plant growth under low-B conditions, whereas the B-induced vacuolar sorting of BOR1 is mediated through an AP2-independent endocytic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yoshinari
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Takuya Hosokawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Taro Amano
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Marcel Pascal Beier
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kunieda
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomoo Shimada
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ikuko Hara-Nishimura
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Satoshi Naito
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Junpei Takano
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
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42
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Azarnia Tehran D, Kuijpers M, Haucke V. Presynaptic endocytic factors in autophagy and neurodegeneration. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 48:153-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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43
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Reynolds GD, Wang C, Pan J, Bednarek SY. Inroads into Internalization: Five Years of Endocytic Exploration. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:208-218. [PMID: 29074601 PMCID: PMC5761813 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Advances over recent years underlines a growing interest in investigating endocytosis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D Reynolds
- Department of Biochemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Chao Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianwei Pan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Sebastian Y Bednarek
- Department of Biochemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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44
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Kaempf N, Maritzen T. Safeguards of Neurotransmission: Endocytic Adaptors as Regulators of Synaptic Vesicle Composition and Function. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:320. [PMID: 29085282 PMCID: PMC5649181 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between neurons relies on neurotransmitters which are released from synaptic vesicles (SVs) upon Ca2+ stimuli. To efficiently load neurotransmitters, sense the rise in intracellular Ca2+ and fuse with the presynaptic membrane, SVs need to be equipped with a stringently controlled set of transmembrane proteins. In fact, changes in SV protein composition quickly compromise neurotransmission and most prominently give rise to epileptic seizures. During exocytosis SVs fully collapse into the presynaptic membrane and consequently have to be replenished to sustain neurotransmission. Therefore, surface-stranded SV proteins have to be efficiently retrieved post-fusion to be used for the generation of a new set of fully functional SVs, a process in which dedicated endocytic sorting adaptors play a crucial role. The question of how the precise reformation of SVs is achieved is intimately linked to how SV membranes are retrieved. For a long time both processes were believed to be two sides of the same coin since Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), the proposed predominant SV recycling mode, will jointly retrieve SV membranes and proteins. However, with the recent proposal of Clathrin-independent SV recycling pathways SV membrane retrieval and SV reformation turn into separable events. This review highlights the progress made in unraveling the molecular mechanisms mediating the high-fidelity retrieval of SV proteins and discusses how the gathered knowledge about SV protein recycling fits in with the new notions of SV membrane endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Kaempf
- Molecular Physiology and Cell Biology Section, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Maritzen
- Molecular Physiology and Cell Biology Section, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
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45
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Wall MJ, Corrêa SAL. The mechanistic link between Arc/Arg3.1 expression and AMPA receptor endocytosis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 77:17-24. [PMID: 28890421 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The activity-regulated cytoskeleton associated protein (Arc/Arg3.1) plays a key role in determining synaptic strength through facilitation of AMPA receptor (AMPAR) endocytosis. Although there is considerable data on the mechanism by which Arc induction controls synaptic plasticity and learning behaviours, several key mechanistic questions remain. Here we review data on the link between Arc expression and the clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway which internalises AMPARs and discuss the significance of Arc binding to the clathrin adaptor protein 2 (AP-2) and to endophilin/dynamin. We consider which AMPAR subunits are selected for Arc-mediated internalisation, implications for synaptic function and consider Arc as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Wall
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, United Kingdom.
| | - Sonia A L Corrêa
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, United Kingdom.
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46
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Gorvin CM, Rogers A, Stewart M, Paudyal A, Hough TA, Teboul L, Wells S, Brown SD, Cox RD, Thakker RV. N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-Induced Adaptor Protein 2 Sigma Subunit 1 ( Ap2s1) Mutations Establish Ap2s1 Loss-of-Function Mice. JBMR Plus 2017; 1:3-15. [PMID: 29479578 PMCID: PMC5824975 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The adaptor protein‐2 sigma subunit (AP2σ), encoded by AP2S1, forms a heterotetrameric complex, with AP2α, AP2β, and AP2μ subunits, that is pivotal for clathrin‐mediated endocytosis, and AP2σ loss‐of‐function mutations impair internalization of the calcium‐sensing receptor (CaSR), a G‐protein–coupled receptor, and cause familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia type‐3 (FHH3). Mice with AP2σ mutations that would facilitate investigations of the in vivo role of AP2σ, are not available, and we therefore embarked on establishing such mice. We screened >10,000 mice treated with the mutagen N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea (ENU) for Ap2s1 mutations and identified 5 Ap2s1 variants, comprising 2 missense (Tyr20Asn and Ile123Asn) and 3 intronic base substitutions, one of which altered the invariant donor splice site dinucleotide gt to gc. Three‐dimensional modeling and cellular expression of the missense Ap2s1 variants did not reveal them to alter AP2σ structure or CaSR‐mediated signaling, but investigation of the donor splice site variant revealed it to result in an in‐frame deletion of 17 evolutionarily conserved amino acids (del17) that formed part of the AP2σ α1‐helix, α1‐β3 loop, and β3 strand. Heterozygous mutant mice (Ap2s1+/del17) were therefore established, and these had AP2σ haplosufficiency but were viable with normal appearance and growth. Ap2s1+/del17 mice, when compared with Ap2s1+/+ mice, also had normal plasma concentrations of calcium, phosphate, magnesium, creatinine, urea, sodium, potassium, and alkaline phosphatase activity; normal urinary fractional excretion of calcium, phosphate, sodium, and potassium; and normal plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2) concentrations. However, homozygous Ap2s1del17/del17 mice were non‐viable and died between embryonic days 3.5 and 9.5 (E3.5–9.5), thereby indicating that AP2σ likely has important roles at the embryonic patterning stages and organogenesis of the heart, thyroid, liver, gut, lungs, pancreas, and neural systems. Thus, our studies have established a mutant mouse model that is haplosufficient for AP2σ. © 2017 The Authors. JBMR Plus is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Gorvin
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Angela Rogers
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Michelle Stewart
- Mary Lyon Centre and Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Anju Paudyal
- Mary Lyon Centre and Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Tertius A Hough
- Mary Lyon Centre and Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Lydia Teboul
- Mary Lyon Centre and Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Sara Wells
- Mary Lyon Centre and Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Steve Dm Brown
- Mary Lyon Centre and Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Roger D Cox
- Mary Lyon Centre and Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
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47
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Kononenko NL, Claßen GA, Kuijpers M, Puchkov D, Maritzen T, Tempes A, Malik AR, Skalecka A, Bera S, Jaworski J, Haucke V. Retrograde transport of TrkB-containing autophagosomes via the adaptor AP-2 mediates neuronal complexity and prevents neurodegeneration. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14819. [PMID: 28387218 PMCID: PMC5385568 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagosomes primarily mediate turnover of cytoplasmic proteins or organelles to provide nutrients and eliminate damaged proteins. In neurons, autophagosomes form in distal axons and are trafficked retrogradely to fuse with lysosomes in the soma. Although defective neuronal autophagy is associated with neurodegeneration, the function of neuronal autophagosomes remains incompletely understood. We show that in neurons, autophagosomes promote neuronal complexity and prevent neurodegeneration in vivo via retrograde transport of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-activated TrkB receptors. p150Glued/dynactin-dependent transport of TrkB-containing autophagosomes requires their association with the endocytic adaptor AP-2, an essential protein complex previously thought to function exclusively in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. These data highlight a novel non-canonical function of AP-2 in retrograde transport of BDNF/TrkB-containing autophagosomes in neurons and reveal a causative link between autophagy and BDNF/TrkB signalling. The endocytic adaptor protein complex AP-2 is mostly known for its role in endocytosis and in synaptic vesicle reformation. Here the authors show that AP-2 also mediates retrograde transport of TrkB-containing autophagosomes in neurons; this process promotes neuronal complexity and prevents the degeneration of cortical and thalamic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia L Kononenko
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gala A Claßen
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marijn Kuijpers
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dmytro Puchkov
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Maritzen
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Tempes
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna R Malik
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Skalecka
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sujoy Bera
- CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jacek Jaworski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Freie Universität Berlin, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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48
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Kyung JW, Cho IH, Lee S, Song WK, Ryan TA, Hoppa MB, Kim SH. Adaptor Protein 2 (AP-2) complex is essential for functional axogenesis in hippocampal neurons. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41620. [PMID: 28139716 PMCID: PMC5282494 DOI: 10.1038/srep41620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity and diversity of a neural network requires regulated elongation and branching of axons, as well as the formation of synapses between neurons. In the present study we explore the role of AP-2, a key endocytic adaptor protein complex, in the development of rat hippocampal neurons. We found that the loss of AP-2 during the early stage of development resulted in impaired axon extension and failed maturation of the axon initial segment (AIS). Normally the AIS performs two tasks in concert, stabilizing neural polarity and generating action potentials. In AP-2 silenced axons polarity is established, however there is a failure to establish action potential firing. Consequently, this impairs activity-driven Ca2+ influx and exocytosis at nerve terminals. In contrast, removal of AP-2 from older neurons does not impair axonal growth or signaling and synaptic function. Our data reveal that AP-2 has important roles in functional axogenesis by proper extension of axon as well as the formation of AIS during the early step of neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Kyung
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - In Ha Cho
- Department of Biology, Molecular Cellular Biology Program, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Sukmook Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Woo Keun Song
- School of Life Science, Bioimaging Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Timothy A Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Michael B Hoppa
- Department of Biology, Molecular Cellular Biology Program, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Sung Hyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.,Department of Physiology, Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
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49
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Sasso L, Hosamuddin H, Emanueli C. Extracellular vesicles at the cross-line between basic science and clinical needs. Microcirculation 2017; 24. [DOI: 10.1111/micc.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luana Sasso
- Bristol Heart Institute; School of Clinical Sciences; University of Bristol; Bristol UK
| | - Huma Hosamuddin
- School of Medicine; St. George University of London; Tooting London UK
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- Bristol Heart Institute; School of Clinical Sciences; University of Bristol; Bristol UK
- National Health and Lung Institute; Hammersmith campus; Imperial College London; UK
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50
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Kadlecova Z, Spielman SJ, Loerke D, Mohanakrishnan A, Reed DK, Schmid SL. Regulation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis by hierarchical allosteric activation of AP2. J Cell Biol 2016; 216:167-179. [PMID: 28003333 PMCID: PMC5223608 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201608071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The critical initiation phase of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) determines where and when endocytosis occurs. Heterotetrameric adaptor protein 2 (AP2) complexes, which initiate clathrin-coated pit (CCP) assembly, are activated by conformational changes in response to phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and cargo binding at multiple sites. However, the functional hierarchy of interactions and how these conformational changes relate to distinct steps in CCP formation in living cells remains unknown. We used quantitative live-cell analyses to measure discrete early stages of CME and show how sequential, allosterically regulated conformational changes activate AP2 to drive both nucleation and subsequent stabilization of nascent CCPs. Our data establish that cargoes containing Yxxφ motif, but not dileucine motif, play a critical role in the earliest stages of AP2 activation and CCP nucleation. Interestingly, these cargo and PIP2 interactions are not conserved in yeast. Thus, we speculate that AP2 has evolved as a key regulatory node to coordinate CCP formation and cargo sorting and ensure high spatial and temporal regulation of CME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Kadlecova
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Stephanie J Spielman
- Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122
| | - Dinah Loerke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208
| | - Aparna Mohanakrishnan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Dana Kim Reed
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Sandra L Schmid
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
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