1
|
Guo X, Chen Z, Gao C, Zhang L, Liu Y, Lin M, Zhu P, Yang J, Wang Z, Zhang J, Sun H. 20S-O-Glc-DM treats metabolic syndrome-induced heart failure through regulating gut flora. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 982:176946. [PMID: 39182541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure is a multifactorial disease, the percentage of patients with heart failure caused by metabolic syndrome is increasing year by year. The effect of gut flora dysbiosis on metabolic syndrome and heart failure has received widespread attention in recent years. Drugs to treat the condition urgently need to be discovered. C20DM, as a precursor compound of ginsenoside, is a small molecule compound obtained by biosynthetic means and is not available in natural products. In this project, we found that C20DM could improve the diversity of gut flora and elevate the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins-Occludin, Claudin, ZO-1, which inhibited the activity of the TLR4-MyD88-NF-kB pathway, and as a result, reduced myocardial inflammation and slowed down heart failure in metabolic syndrome mice. In conclusion, our study suggests that C20DM can treat heart failure by regulating gut flora, and it may be a candidate drug for treating metabolic syndrome-induced heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lingzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yanxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Modi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jinling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jinlan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vijaya AK, Kuras S, Šimoliūnas E, Mingaila J, Makovskytė K, Buišas R, Daliri EBM, Meškys R, Baltriukienė D, Burokas A. Prebiotics Mitigate the Detrimental Effects of High-Fat Diet on memory, anxiety and microglia functionality in Ageing Mice. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 122:167-184. [PMID: 39142421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Ageing is characterised by a progressive increase in systemic inflammation and especially neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation is associated with altered brain states that affect behaviour, such as an increased level of anxiety with a concomitant decline in cognitive abilities. Although multiple factors play a role in the development of neuroinflammation, microglia have emerged as a crucial target. Microglia are the only macrophage population in the CNS parenchyma that plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and in the immune response, which depends on the activation and subsequent deactivation of microglia. Therefore, microglial dysfunction has a major impact on neuroinflammation. The gut microbiota has been shown to significantly influence microglia from birth to adulthood in terms of development, proliferation, and function. Diet is a key modulating factor that influences the composition of the gut microbiota, along with prebiotics that support the growth of beneficial gut bacteria. Although the role of diet in neuroinflammation and behaviour has been well established, its relationship with microglia functionality is less explored. This article establishes a link between diet, animal behaviour and the functionality of microglia. The results of this research stem from experiments on mouse behaviour, i.e., memory, anxiety, and studies on microglia functionality, i.e., cytochemistry (phagocytosis, cellular senescence, and ROS assays), gene expression and protein quantification. In addition, shotgun sequencing was performed to identify specific bacterial families that may play a crucial role in the brain function. The results showed negative effects of long-term consumption of a high fat diet on ageing mice, epitomised by increased body weight, glucose intolerance, anxiety, cognitive impairment and microglia dysfunction compared to ageing mice on a control diet. These effects were a consequence of the changes in gut microbiota modulated by the diet. However, by adding the prebiotics fructo- and galacto-oligosaccharides, we were able to mitigate the deleterious effects of a long-term high-fat diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Kumar Vijaya
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Simonas Kuras
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Egidijus Šimoliūnas
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jonas Mingaila
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Karolina Makovskytė
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rokas Buišas
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Institute of Bioscience, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rolandas Meškys
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Daiva Baltriukienė
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Aurelijus Burokas
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang T, Zhou D, Hong Z. Adipose tissue in older individuals: a contributing factor to sarcopenia. Metabolism 2024; 160:155998. [PMID: 39128607 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome characterized by a functional decline in muscle. The prevalence of sarcopenia increases with natural aging, becoming a serious health problem among elderly individuals. Therefore, understanding the pathology of sarcopenia is critical for inhibiting age-related alterations and promoting health and longevity in elderly individuals. The development of sarcopenia may be influenced by interactions between visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, particularly under conditions of chronic low-grade inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. This hypothesis is supported by the following observations: (i) accumulation of senescent cells in both adipose tissue and skeletal muscle with age; (ii) gut dysbiosis, characterized by an imbalance in gut microbial communities as the main trigger for inflammation, sarcopenia, and aged adipose tissue; and (iii) microbial dysbiosis, which could impact the onset or progression of a senescent state. Moreover, adipose tissue acts as an endocrine organ, releasing molecules that participate in intricate communication networks between organs. Our discussion focuses on novel adipokines and their role in regulating adipose tissue and muscle, particularly those influenced by aging and obesity, emphasizing their contributions to disease development. On the basis of these findings, we propose that age-related adipose tissue and sarcopenia are disorders characterized by chronic inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. Finally, we explore new potential therapeutic strategies involving specialized proresolving mediator (SPM) G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists, non-SPM GPCR agonists, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, antidiabetic drugs in conjunction with probiotics and prebiotics, and compounds designed to target senescent cells and mitigate their pro-inflammatory activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wang
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Neurology, Chengdu Shangjin Nanfu Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Neurology, Chengdu Shangjin Nanfu Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhen Hong
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Neurology, Chengdu Shangjin Nanfu Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu F, Wu Q, Yang L, Sun H, Li J, An Z, Li H, Wu H, Song J, Chen W, Wu W. Modification of gut and airway microbiota on ozone-induced airway inflammation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 954:176604. [PMID: 39353487 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Ground-level ozone (O3) has been shown to induce airway inflammation, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether gut and airway microbiota dysbiosis, and airway metabolic alterations were associated with O3-induced airway inflammation. Thirty-six 8-week-old male C57BL/6 N mice were divided into 2 groups: sterile water group and broad-spectrum antibiotics group (Abx). Each group was further divided into two subgroups, filtered air group (Air) and O3 group (O3), with 9 mice in each subgroup. Mice in the Air and O3 groups were exposed to filtered air or 1 ppm O3, 4 h/d for 5 consecutive days, respectively. Mice in Abx + Air and Abx + O3 groups were exposed to filtered air or O3, respectively, after drinking broad-spectrum Abx. 24 h after the final O3 exposure, mouse feces and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) were collected and subjected to measurements of airway oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers, 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolite profiling. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of lung tissues was applied to examine the pathological changes of lung tissue. The results showed that O3 exposure resulted in airway oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as gut and airway microbiota dysbiosis, and airway metabolism alteration. Abx pre-treatment markedly changed gut and airway microbiota and promoted O3-induced metabolic disorder and airway inflammation. Spearman correlation analyses indicated that inter-related gut and airway microbiota dysbiosis and airway metabolic disorder were associated with O3-induced airway inflammation. Together, inhaled O3 causes airway inflammation, which may implicate gut and airway microbiota dysbiosis and airway metabolic alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Han Sun
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Zhen An
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Huijun Li
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Hui Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Jie Song
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Macura B, Kiecka A, Szczepanik M. Intestinal permeability disturbances: causes, diseases and therapy. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:232. [PMID: 39340718 PMCID: PMC11438725 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01496-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, a pathological increase in the permeability of the intestinal barrier (the so-called leaky gut) is increasingly being diagnosed. This condition can be caused by various factors, mainly from the external environment. Damage to the intestinal barrier entails a number of adverse phenomena: dysbiosis, translocation of microorganisms deep into the intestinal tissue, immune response, development of chronic inflammation. These phenomena can ultimately lead to a vicious cycle that promotes the development of inflammation and further damage to the barrier. Activated immune cells in mucosal tissues with broken barriers can migrate to other organs and negatively affect their functioning. Damaged intestinal barrier can facilitate the development of local diseases such as irritable bowel disease, inflammatory bowel disease or celiac disease, but also the development of systemic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, hepatitis, and lupus erythematosus, neurodegenerative or psychiatric conditions, or metabolic diseases such as diabetes or obesity. However, it must be emphasized that the causal links between a leaky gut barrier and the onset of certain diseases often remain unclear and require in-depth research. In light of recent research, it becomes crucial to prevent damage to the intestinal barrier, as well as to develop therapies for the barrier when it is damaged. This paper presents the current state of knowledge on the causes, health consequences and attempts to treat excessive permeability of the intestinal barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Macura
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7a, 31-034, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Aneta Kiecka
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7a, 31-034, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marian Szczepanik
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7a, 31-034, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li S, Peng H, Sun Y, Yang J, Wang J, Bai F, Peng C, Fang S, Cai H, Chen G. Yeast β-glucan attenuates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis: Involvement of gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:135846. [PMID: 39307486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
Yeast β-glucan intervention offers a promising strategy for managing colitis; however, the mechanisms remain unknown. In the present work, the protective effects of yeast β-glucan on DSS-induced colitis in mice was evaluated, focusing on its interaction with gut microbiota. The result showed yeast β-glucan significantly alleviated colitis symptoms, evidenced by reduced weight loss, lower disease activity index (DAI) scores, and minimized intestinal damage. It enhanced intestinal barrier integrity via upregulation of tight junction proteins, suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS) release, and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines production. Additionally, yeast β-glucan boosted short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production, and activated their receptors, increased the relative abundances of beneficial microbes like Lactobacillus and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006. Transcriptomic analyses suggest that yeast β-glucan mitigates inflammation by downregulating gene expression related to IL-17 pathway. Our findings highlight potential of yeast β-glucan as a therapeutic agent for colitis through modulation of gut microbiota and inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sichen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Safety Monitoring and Quality Control, School of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China; Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China
| | - Huihui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Safety Monitoring and Quality Control, School of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China; Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yuning Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Safety Monitoring and Quality Control, School of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China; Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China
| | - Jiali Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Safety Monitoring and Quality Control, School of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China; Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China
| | - Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Safety Monitoring and Quality Control, School of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China; Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China
| | - Fuqing Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Safety Monitoring and Quality Control, School of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China; Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China
| | - Chuanyi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Safety Monitoring and Quality Control, School of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China; Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China
| | - Shuzhen Fang
- The First Aliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Huimei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Safety Monitoring and Quality Control, School of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China; Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Guijie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Safety Monitoring and Quality Control, School of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China; Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gao Y, Wang K, Lin Z, Cai S, Peng A, He L, Qi H, Jin Z, Qian X. The emerging roles of microbiome and short-chain fatty acids in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1434687. [PMID: 39372498 PMCID: PMC11449852 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1434687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease that affects premature infants and leads to long-term pulmonary complications. The pathogenesis of BPD has not been fully elucidated yet. In recent years, the microbiome and its metabolites, especially short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), in the gut and lungs have been demonstrated to be involved in the development and progression of the disease. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the potential involvement of the microbiome and SCFAs, especially the latter, in the development and progression of BPD. First, we introduce the gut-lung axis, the production and functions of SCFAs, and the role of SCFAs in lung health and diseases. We then discuss the evidence supporting the involvement of the microbiome and SCFAs in BPD. Finally, we elaborate on the potential mechanisms of the microbiome and SCFAs in BPD, including immune modulation, epigenetic regulation, enhancement of barrier function, and modulation of surfactant production and the gut microbiome. This review could advance our understanding of the microbiome and SCFAs in the pathogenesis of BPD, which also helps identify new therapeutic targets and facilitate new drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Jinhua Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Zupan Lin
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Jinhua Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Shujing Cai
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Jinhua Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Aohui Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Le He
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinhua Hospital of TCM Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Hui Qi
- China National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, Respiratory Department, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Xubo Qian
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinhua Hospital of TCM Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinhua, China
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chang H, Perkins MH, Novaes LS, Qian F, Zhang T, Neckel PH, Scherer S, Ley RE, Han W, de Araujo IE. Stress-sensitive neural circuits change the gut microbiome via duodenal glands. Cell 2024; 187:5393-5412.e30. [PMID: 39121857 PMCID: PMC11425084 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Negative psychological states impact immunity by altering the gut microbiome. However, the relationship between brain states and microbiome composition remains unclear. We show that Brunner's glands in the duodenum couple stress-sensitive brain circuits to bacterial homeostasis. Brunner's glands mediated the enrichment of gut Lactobacillus species in response to vagus nerve stimulation. Cell-specific ablation of the glands markedly suppressed Lactobacilli counts and heightened vulnerability to infection. In the forebrain, we mapped a vagally mediated, polysynaptic circuit connecting the central nucleus of the amygdala to Brunner's glands. Chronic stress suppressed central amygdala activity and phenocopied the effects of gland lesions. Conversely, excitation of either the central amygdala or parasympathetic vagal neurons activated Brunner's glands and reversed the effects of stress on the gut microbiome and immunity. The findings revealed a tractable brain-body mechanism linking psychological states to host defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chang
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Matthew H Perkins
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Leonardo S Novaes
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Tong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510180, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, Guangdong, China
| | - Peter H Neckel
- Institute of Clinical Anatomy and Cell Analysis, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany
| | - Simon Scherer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, University Children's Hospital, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Ruth E Ley
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Wenfei Han
- Max-Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen 72076, Germany.
| | - Ivan E de Araujo
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Max-Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen 72076, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen H, He M, Cao J, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Yu Q, Wang A, Xuan J, Li T. Acupuncture and moxibustion intervention in functional dyspepsia: Gastric and duodenal regulation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35696. [PMID: 39263151 PMCID: PMC11386019 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a brain-gut interaction disorder located in the stomach and duodenum, which has complex pathophysiological mechanisms, and there is no effective treatment for FD. Acupuncture and moxibustion have been proven to have definite and significant efficacy on FD. Focusing on the affected area and combined with the potential pathophysiology of FD, here we discuss the possible mechanisms of acupuncture and moxibustion in treating FD to guide future clinical and experimental research. We argue that the pathological causes of FD can be roughly divided into gastrointestinal dysfunction, duodenal low-grade inflammation, visceral hypersensitivity, and duodenal intestinal barrier and microbial imbalance. Correspondingly, the possible mechanisms of acupuncture and moxibustion in treating FD are elucidated from the perspective of how they improve gastric accommodation, regulate gastrointestinal motility, reduce gastric visceral sensitivity, regulate eosinophil-mast cell axis, inhibit low-grade inflammatory responses, and possibly regulate intestinal microbial homeostasis and duodenal barrier function through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Although some evidence is still lacking, acupuncture remains a promising treatment for FD. In the future, it is necessary to conduct additional clinical and experimental research on acupuncture and moxibustion in treating FD to further explore their effects and mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiu Chen
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, 130117, Changchun, PR China
| | - Min He
- Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, 130117, Changchun, PR China
| | - Jiazhen Cao
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, 130117, Changchun, PR China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, 130117, Changchun, PR China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, 130117, Changchun, PR China
| | - Qianhui Yu
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, 130117, Changchun, PR China
| | - Anjie Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, 130117, Changchun, PR China
| | - Jing Xuan
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1478, Gongnong Rd, Chaoyang District, 130021, Changchun, PR China
| | - Tie Li
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, 130117, Changchun, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu Y, Zhao P, Cai Z, He P, Wang J, He H, Zhu Z, Guo X, Ma K, Peng K, Zhao J. Buqi-Huoxue-Tongnao decoction drives gut microbiota-derived indole lactic acid to attenuate ischemic stroke via the gut-brain axis. Chin Med 2024; 19:126. [PMID: 39278929 PMCID: PMC11403783 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00991-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke belongs to "apoplexy" and its pathogenesis is characterized by qi deficiency and blood stasis combining with phlegm-damp clouding orifices. Buqi-Huoxue-Tongnao decoction (BHTD) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula for qi deficiency, blood stasis and phlegm obstruction syndrome. However, its efficacy and potential mechanism on ischemic stroke are still unclear. This study aims to investigate the protective effect and potential mechanism of BHTD against ischemic stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery was carried out to establish an ischemic stroke model in rats. Subsequently, the rats were gavaged with different doses of BHTD (2.59, 5.175, 10.35 g/kg) for 14 days. The protective effects of BHTD on the brain and gut were evaluated by neurological function scores, cerebral infarction area, levels of brain injury markers (S-100B, NGB), indicators of gut permeability (FD-4) and bacterial translocation (DAO, LPS, D-lactate), and tight junction proteins (Occludin, Claudin-1, ZO-1) in brain and colon. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomic analysis were utilized to analyze the effects on gut microecology and screen for marker metabolites to explore potential mechanisms of BHTD protection against ischemic stroke. RESULTS BHTD could effectively mitigate brain impairment, including reducing neurological damage, decreasing cerebral infarction and repairing the blood-brain barrier, and BHTD showed the best effect at the dose of 10.35 g/kg. Moreover, BHTD reversed gut injury induced by ischemic stroke, as evidenced by decreased intestinal permeability, reduced intestinal bacterial translocation, and enhanced intestinal barrier integrity. In addition, BHTD rescued gut microbiota dysbiosis by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria, including Turicibacter and Faecalibaculum. Transplantation of the gut microbiota remodeled by BHTD into ischemic stroke rats recapitulated the protective effects of BHTD. Especially, BHTD upregulated tryptophan metabolism, which promoted gut microbiota to produce more indole lactic acid (ILA). Notably, supplementation with ILA by gavage could alleviate stroke injury, which suggested that driving the production of ILA in the gut might be a novel treatment for ischemic stroke. CONCLUSION BHTD could increase gut microbiota-derived indole lactic acid to attenuate ischemic stroke via the gut-brain axis. Our current finding provides evidence that traditional Chinese medicine can ameliorate central diseases through regulating the gut microbiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yarui Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Peng Kang National Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, Guangdong, China
| | - Zheng Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, Guangdong, China
| | - Peishi He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiahan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Haoqing He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhibo Zhu
- Peng Kang National Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaowen Guo
- Peng Kang National Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Peng Kang National Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, Guangdong, China
| | - Kang Peng
- Peng Kang National Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jie Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
- Peng Kang National Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, Guangdong, China.
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, Guangdong, China.
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Singh V, Choi SD, Mahra K, Son H, Lee H, Lee YJ, Kim ES, Shin JH. Cultured fecal microbial community and its impact as fecal microbiota transplantation treatment in mice gut inflammation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:463. [PMID: 39269473 PMCID: PMC11399162 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
The fecal microbiome is identical to the gut microbial communities and provides an easy access to the gut microbiome. Therefore, fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) strategies have been used to alter dysbiotic gut microbiomes with healthy fecal microbiota, successfully alleviating various metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the success of FMT treatment is donor-dependent and variations in gut microbes cannot be avoided. This problem may be overcome by using a cultured fecal microbiome. In this study, a human fecal microbiome was cultured using five different media; growth in brain heart infusion (BHI) media resulted in the highest microbial community cell count. The microbiome (16S rRNA) data demonstrated that the cultured microbial communities were similar to that of the original fecal sample. Therefore, the BHI-cultured fecal microbiome was selected for cultured FMT (cFMT). Furthermore, a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mice-IBD model was used to confirm the impact of cFMT. Results showed that cFMT effectively alleviated IBD-associated symptoms, including improved gut permeability, restoration of the inflamed gut epithelium, decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-17), and increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). Thus, study's findings suggest that cFMT can be a potential alternative to nFMT. KEY POINTS: • In vitro fecal microbial communities were grown in a batch culture using five different media. • Fecal microbial transplantation was performed on DSS-treated mice using cultured and normal fecal microbes. • Cultured fecal microbes effectively alleviated IBD-associated symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Singh
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Dae Choi
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kanika Mahra
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunWoo Son
- Microbalance Co. Ltd, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoyul Lee
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jeong Lee
- Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
- Microbalance Co. Ltd, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Saadh MJ, Mustafa AN, Mustafa MA, S RJ, Dabis HK, Prasad GVS, Mohammad IJ, Adnan A, Idan AH. The role of gut-derived short-chain fatty acids in Parkinson's disease. Neurogenetics 2024:10.1007/s10048-024-00779-3. [PMID: 39266892 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-024-00779-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
The emerging function of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in Parkinson's disease (PD) has been investigated in this article. SCFAs, which are generated via the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota, have been associated with dysfunction of the gut-brain axis and, neuroinflammation. These processes are integral to the development of PD. This article examines the potential therapeutic implications of SCFAs in the management of PD, encompassing their capacity to modulate gastrointestinal permeability, neuroinflammation, and neuronal survival, by conducting an extensive literature review. As a whole, this article emphasizes the potential therapeutic utility of SCFAs as targets for the management and treatment of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, 11831, Jordan.
| | | | - Mohammed Ahmed Mustafa
- School of Pharmacy-Adarsh Vijendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Uttar Pradesh, 247341, India
- Department of Pharmacy, Arka Jain University, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, 831001, India
| | - Renuka Jyothi S
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - G V Siva Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, Raghu Engineering College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra, Pradesh-531162, India
| | - Imad Jassim Mohammad
- College of Health and Medical Technology, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, 64001, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Adnan
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jin Z, Zhang Y, Hu H, Li Q, Zhang L, Zhao K, Liu W, Li L, Gao C. Closed-loop theranostic microgels for immune microenvironment modulation and microbiota remodeling in ulcerative colitis. Biomaterials 2024; 314:122834. [PMID: 39288617 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by the upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and dysfunction of gut immune system, and microbiota. The conventional treatments mainly focus on symptom control with medication by overuse of drugs. There is an urgent need to develop a closed-loop strategy that combines in situ monitoring and precise treatment. Herein, we innovatively designed the 'cluster munition structure' theranostic microgels to realize the monitoring and therapy for ulcerative colitis (a subtype of IBD). The superoxide anion specific probe (tetraphenylethylene-coelenterazine, TPC) and ROS-responsive nanogels consisting of postbiotics urolithin A (UA) were loaded into alginate and ion-crosslinked to obtain the theranostic microgels. The theranostic microgels could be delivered to the inflammatory site, where the environment-triggered breakup of the microgels and release of the nanogels were achieved in sequence. The TPC-UA group had optimal results in reducing inflammation, repairing colonic epithelial tissue, and remodeling microbiota, leading to inflammation amelioration and recovery of tight junction between the colonic epithelium, and maintenance of gut microbiota. During the recovery process, the local chemiluminescence intensity, which is proportional to the degree of inflammation, was gradually inhibited. The cluster munition of theranostic microgels displayed promising outcomes in monitoring inflammation and precise therapy, and demonstrated the potential for inflammatory disease management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Haijun Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kefei Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wenxing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Center for Healthcare Materials, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 312099, China.
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Changyou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Center for Healthcare Materials, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 312099, China; Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Majumder S, Santacroce G, Maeda Y, Zammarchi I, Puga-Tejada M, Ditonno I, Hayes B, Crotty R, Fennell E, Shivaji UN, Abdawn Z, Hejmadi R, Parigi TL, Nardone OM, Murray P, Burke L, Ghosh S, Iacucci M. Endocytoscopy with automated multispectral intestinal barrier pathology imaging for assessment of deep healing to predict outcomes in ulcerative colitis. Gut 2024; 73:1603-1606. [PMID: 39107087 PMCID: PMC11423234 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2024-332894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Snehali Majumder
- APC Microbiome Ireland, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Giovanni Santacroce
- APC Microbiome Ireland, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Yasuharu Maeda
- APC Microbiome Ireland, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Irene Zammarchi
- APC Microbiome Ireland, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Miguel Puga-Tejada
- APC Microbiome Ireland, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ilaria Ditonno
- APC Microbiome Ireland, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Brian Hayes
- Department of Histopathology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Rory Crotty
- Department of Histopathology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eanna Fennell
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Uday N Shivaji
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Gastroenterology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zainab Abdawn
- Department of Histopathology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rahul Hejmadi
- Department of Histopathology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tommaso Lorenzo Parigi
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Gastroenterology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Olga Maria Nardone
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Gastroenterology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul Murray
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Louise Burke
- Department of Histopathology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- APC Microbiome Ireland, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marietta Iacucci
- APC Microbiome Ireland, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Gastroenterology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Iacucci M, Santacroce G, Majumder S, Morael J, Zammarchi I, Maeda Y, Ryan D, Di Sabatino A, Rescigno M, Aburto MR, Cryan JF, Ghosh S. Opening the doors of precision medicine: novel tools to assess intestinal barrier in inflammatory bowel disease and colitis-associated neoplasia. Gut 2024; 73:1749-1762. [PMID: 38851294 PMCID: PMC11422792 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-331579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Mounting evidence underscores the pivotal role of the intestinal barrier and its convoluted network with diet and intestinal microbiome in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CRC). Moreover, the bidirectional association of the intestinal barrier with the liver and brain, known as the gut-brain axis, plays a crucial role in developing complications, including extraintestinal manifestations of IBD and CRC metastasis. Consequently, barrier healing represents a crucial therapeutic target in these inflammatory-dependent disorders, with barrier assessment predicting disease outcomes, response to therapy and extraintestinal manifestations.New advanced technologies are revolutionising our understanding of the barrier paradigm, enabling the accurate assessment of the intestinal barrier and aiding in unravelling the complexity of the gut-brain axis. Cutting-edge endoscopic imaging techniques, such as ultra-high magnification endocytoscopy and probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy, are new technologies allowing real-time exploration of the 'cellular' intestinal barrier. Additionally, novel advanced spatial imaging technology platforms, including multispectral imaging, upconversion nanoparticles, digital spatial profiling, optical spectroscopy and mass cytometry, enable a deep and comprehensive assessment of the 'molecular' and 'ultrastructural' barrier. In this promising landscape, artificial intelligence plays a pivotal role in standardising and integrating these novel tools, thereby contributing to barrier assessment and prediction of outcomes.Looking ahead, this integrated and comprehensive approach holds the promise of uncovering new therapeutic targets, breaking the therapeutic ceiling in IBD. Novel molecules, dietary interventions and microbiome modulation strategies aim to restore, reinforce, or modulate the gut-brain axis. These advancements have the potential for transformative and personalised approaches to managing IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Iacucci
- APC Microbiome Ireland, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Giovanni Santacroce
- APC Microbiome Ireland, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Snehali Majumder
- APC Microbiome Ireland, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Morael
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Irene Zammarchi
- APC Microbiome Ireland, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Yasuharu Maeda
- APC Microbiome Ireland, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - David Ryan
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Antonio Di Sabatino
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Rescigno
- IRCSS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria R Aburto
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- APC Microbiome Ireland, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Grover M, Vanuytsel T, Chang L. Intestinal Permeability in Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction: From Bench to Bedside. Gastroenterology 2024:S0016-5085(24)05416-7. [PMID: 39236897 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal barrier function lies at a critical interface of a range of peripheral and central processes that influence disorders of gut-brain interactions (DGBI). Although rigorously tested, the role of barrier dysfunction in driving clinical phenotype of DGBI remains to be fully elucidated. In vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo strategies can test various aspects of the broader permeability and barrier mechanisms in the gut. Luminal mediators of host, bacterial, and dietary origin can influence the barrier function and a disrupted barrier can also influence the luminal milieu. Critical to our understanding is how barrier dysfunction is influenced by stress and other comorbidities that associate with DGBI and the crosstalk between barrier and neural, hormonal, and immune responses. Additionally, the microbiome's significant role in the communication between the brain and gut has led to the integrative model of a microbiome gut-brain axis with reciprocal interactions between brain networks and networks composed of multiple cells in the gut, including immune cells, enterochromaffin cells, gut microbiota and the derived luminal mediators. This review highlights the techniques for assessment of barrier function, appraises evidence for barrier dysfunction in DGBI including mechanistic studies in humans, as well as provides an overview of therapeutic strategies that can be used to directly or indirectly restore barrier function in DGBI patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudan Grover
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tim Vanuytsel
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (ChroMeta), KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lin Chang
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rungratanawanich W, LeFort KR, Cho YE, Li X, Song BJ. Melatonin Prevents Thioacetamide-Induced Gut Leakiness and Liver Fibrosis Through the Gut-Liver Axis via Modulating Sirt1-Related Deacetylation of Gut Junctional Complex and Hepatic Proteins. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e13007. [PMID: 39269018 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal barrier dysfunction with high serum endotoxin is common in patients with liver fibrosis, but the mechanisms underlying liver fibrosis remain unclear. Melatonin is a well-recognized antioxidant and an anti-inflammatory agent that benefits multiple organs. However, the beneficial effects of melatonin on gut leakiness-associated liver fibrosis have not been systemically studied. Here, we investigated the protective mechanisms of melatonin against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced gut barrier dysfunction and hepatic fibrosis by focusing on posttranslational protein modifications through the gut-liver axis. Our results showed that gut leakiness markers, including decreased gut tight/adherens junction proteins (TJ/AJs) with increased intestinal deformation, apoptosis, and serum endotoxin, were observed early at 1 week after TAA exposure. Liver injury, apoptosis, and fibrosis were prominent at 2 and 4 weeks. Mechanistically, we found that gut TJ/AJs were hyper-acetylated, followed by ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis, leading to their degradation and gut leakiness. Gut dysbiosis, hepatic protein hyper-acetylation, and SIRT1 downregulation were also observed. Consistently, intestinal Sirt1 deficiency greatly enhanced protein hyper-acetylation, gut leakiness, endotoxemia, and liver fibrosis. Pretreatment with melatonin prevented or improved all these changes in both the gut and liver. Furthermore, melatonin blunted protein acetylation and injury in TAA-exposed T84 human intestinal and AML12 mouse liver cells. Overall, this study demonstrated novel mechanisms by which melatonin prevents gut leakiness and liver fibrosis through the gut-liver axis by attenuating the acetylation of intestinal and hepatic proteins. Thus, melatonin consumption can become a potentially safe supplement for liver fibrosis patients by preventing protein hyper-acetylation and gut leakiness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wiramon Rungratanawanich
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Karli Rae LeFort
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Young-Eun Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Quaresma MVLDS, Mancin L, Paoli A, Mota JF. The interplay between gut microbiome and physical exercise in athletes. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2024; 27:428-433. [PMID: 39083429 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000001056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The gut microbiome regulates several health and disease-related processes. However, the potential bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiome and physical exercise remains uncertain. Here, we review the evidence related to the gut microbiome in athletes. RECENT FINDINGS The effect of physical exercise on the intestinal microbiome and intestinal epithelial cells depends on the type, volume, and intensity of the activity. Strenuous exercise negatively impacts the intestinal microbiome, but adequate training and dietary planning could mitigate these effects. An increase in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations can modulate signaling pathways in skeletal muscle, contributing to greater metabolic efficiency, preserving muscle glycogen, and consequently optimizing physical performance and recovery. Furthermore, higher SCFAs concentrations appear to lower inflammatory response, consequently preventing an exacerbated immune response and reducing the risk of infections among athletes. Regarding dietary interventions, the optimal diet composition for targeting the athlete's microbiome is not yet known. Likewise, the benefits or harms of using probiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics are not well established, whereas prebiotics appear to optimize SCFAs production. SUMMARY The intestinal microbiome plays an important role in modulating health, performance, and recovery in athletes. SCFAs appear to be the main intestinal metabolite related to these effects. Nutritional strategies focusing on the intestinal microbiome need to be developed and tested in well controlled clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Mancin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- Human Inspired Technology Research Center HIT, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- Human Inspired Technology Research Center HIT, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - João Felipe Mota
- School of Nutrition, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wilson JD, Dworsky-Fried M, Ismail N. Neurodevelopmental implications of COVID-19-induced gut microbiome dysbiosis in pregnant women. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 165:104300. [PMID: 39004033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2024.104300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The global public health emergency of COVID-19 in January 2020 prompted a surge in research focusing on the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of the virus. While numerous reports have been published on the acute effects of COVID-19 infection, the review explores the multifaceted long-term implications of COVID-19, with a particular focus on severe maternal COVID-19 infection, gut microbiome dysbiosis, and neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. Severe COVID-19 infection has been associated with heightened immune system activation and gastrointestinal symptoms. Severe COVID-19 may also result in gut microbiome dysbiosis and a compromised intestinal mucosal barrier, often referred to as 'leaky gut'. Increased gut permeability facilitates the passage of inflammatory cytokines, originating from the inflamed intestinal mucosa and gut, into the bloodstream, thereby influencing fetal development during pregnancy and potentially elevating the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. The current review discusses the role of cytokine signaling molecules, microglia, and synaptic pruning, highlighting their potential involvement in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders following maternal COVID-19 infection. Additionally, this review addresses the potential of probiotic interventions to mitigate gut dysbiosis and inflammatory responses associated with COVID-19, offering avenues for future research in optimizing maternal and fetal health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Wilson
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 9A4, Canada
| | - Michaela Dworsky-Fried
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 9A4, Canada
| | - Nafissa Ismail
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 9A4, Canada; LIFE Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Paiva B, Laranjinha J, Rocha BS. Do oral and gut microbiota communicate through redox pathways? A novel asset of the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:2211-2223. [PMID: 38523057 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Nitrate may act as a regulator of •NO bioavailability via sequential reduction along the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway with widespread health benefits, including a eubiotic effect on the oral and gut microbiota. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of microbiota-host communication through redox pathways, via the production of •NO and oxidants by the family of NADPH oxidases, namely hydrogen peroxide (via Duox2), superoxide radical (via Nox1 and Nox2) and peroxynitrite, which leads to downstream activation of stress responses (Nrf2 and NFkB pathways) in the host mucosa. The activation of Nox2 by microbial metabolites is also discussed. Finally, we propose a new perspective in which both oral and gut microbiota communicate through redox pathways, with nitrate as the pivot linking both ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Paiva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Laranjinha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bárbara S Rocha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Randeni N, Bordiga M, Xu B. A Comprehensive Review of the Triangular Relationship among Diet-Gut Microbiota-Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9366. [PMID: 39273314 PMCID: PMC11394685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract hosts a complex and dynamic community of microorganisms known as the gut microbiota, which play a pivotal role in numerous physiological processes, including digestion, metabolism, and immune function. Recent research has highlighted the significant impact of diet on the gut microbiota composition and functionality, and the consequential effects on host health. Concurrently, there is growing evidence linking the gut microbiota to inflammation, a key factor in many chronic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This review explores how dietary components influence the gut microbiota composition, how these microbial changes affect inflammatory pathways, and the therapeutic implications of modulating this axis for chronic inflammatory disease prevention and management. Beneficial dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet (MD) and plant-based diets, promote a diverse and balanced gut microbiota composition, supporting anti-inflammatory pathways. Conversely, the Western diet (WD), high in saturated fats and refined sugars, is associated with dysbiosis and increased inflammation. With all the links between the three variables considered, this review attempts to offer a thorough examination of the triangle formed by inflammation, the gut microbiota, and food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidesha Randeni
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China
- Department of Agricultural and Plantation Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Matteo Bordiga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ma Y, Yan Q, Wang P, Guo W, Yu L. Therapeutic potential of ghrelin/GOAT/GHSR system in gastrointestinal disorders. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1422431. [PMID: 39246401 PMCID: PMC11380557 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1422431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin, a peptide primarily secreted in the stomach, acts via the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR). It regulates several physiological processes, such as feeding behavior, energy homeostasis, glucose and lipid metabolism, cardiovascular function, bone formation, stress response, and learning. GHSR exhibits significant expression within the central nervous system. However, numerous murine studies indicate that ghrelin is limited in its ability to enter the brain from the bloodstream and is primarily confined to specific regions, such as arcuate nucleus (ARC) and median eminence (ME). Nevertheless, the central ghrelin system plays an essential role in regulating feeding behavior. Furthermore, the role of vagal afferent fibers in regulating the functions of ghrelin remains a major topic of discussion among researchers. In recent times, numerous studies have elucidated the substantial therapeutic potential of ghrelin in most gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. This has led to the development of numerous pharmaceutical agents that target the ghrelin system, some of which are currently under examination in clinical trials. Furthermore, ghrelin is speculated to serve as a promising biomarker for GI tumors, which indicates its potential use in tumor grade and stage evaluation. This review presents a summary of recent findings in research conducted on both animals and humans, highlighting the therapeutic properties of ghrelin system in GI disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiao Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of First Hospital of Jilin University, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qihui Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of First Hospital of Jilin University, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery of First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weiying Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of First Hospital of Jilin University, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of First Hospital of Jilin University, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Partanen M, Luhio P, Gómez-Gallego C, Kolehmainen M. The role of fiber in modulating plant protein-induced metabolic responses. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39154210 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2392149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
The rising consumption of plant protein foods and the emergence of meat alternatives have prompted interest in the health benefits of such products, which contain fiber in addition to protein. This review investigates the effect of fiber on plant-based protein metabolism and evaluates its contribution to gut-derived health impacts. Plant proteins, which often come with added fiber, can have varying health outcomes. Factors such as processing and the presence of fiber and starch influence the digestibility of plant proteins, potentially leading to increased proteolytic fermentation in the gut and the production of harmful metabolites. However, fermentable fiber can counteract this effect by serving as a primary substrate for gut microbes, decreasing proteolytic activity. The increased amount of fiber, rather than the protein source itself, plays a significant role in the observed health benefits of plant-based diets in human studies. Differences between extrinsic and intrinsic fiber in the food matrix further impact protein fermentation and digestibility. Thus, in novel protein products without naturally occurring fiber, the health impact may differ from conventional plant protein sources. The influence of various fibers on plant-based protein metabolism throughout the gastrointestinal tract is not fully understood, necessitating further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moona Partanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petri Luhio
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Carlos Gómez-Gallego
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
He W, Bertram HC, Yin JY, Nie SP. Lactobacilli and Their Fermented Foods as a Promising Strategy for Enhancing Bone Mineral Density: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:17730-17745. [PMID: 39078823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Lactobacilli fermentation possesses special nutritional and health values to food, especially in improving diseases related to the gut microbiota such as osteoporosis risk. Previous research indicates that lactobacilli-fermented foods have the potential to enhance the bone mineral density (BMD), as suggested by some clinical studies. Nonetheless, there is currently a lack of comprehensive summaries of the effects and potential mechanisms of lactobacilli-fermented foods on BMD. This review summarizes findings from preclinical and clinical studies, revealing that lactobacilli possess the potential to mitigate age-related and secondary factor-induced bone loss. Furthermore, these findings imply that lactobacilli are likely mediated through the modulation of bone remodeling via gut inflammation-related pathways. Additionally, lactobacilli fermentation may augment calcium accessibility through directly promoting calcium absorption or modifying food constituents. Considering the escalating global health challenge of bone-related issues among the elderly population, this review may offer a valuable reference for the development of food strategies aimed at preventing osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | | | - Jun-Yi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shao-Ping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhu G, Yan L, Fang L, Fan C, Sun H, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Shi Z. Possible immune mechanisms of gut microbiota and its metabolites in the occurrence and development of immune thrombocytopenia. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1426911. [PMID: 39171254 PMCID: PMC11335631 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1426911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by increased platelet destruction and impaired production, leading to an elevated bleeding tendency. Recent studies have demonstrated an important link between the gut microbiota and the onset and progression of several immune diseases in humans, emphasizing that gut microbiota-derived metabolites play a non-negligible role in autoimmune diseases. The gut microbiota and its metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, oxidized trimethylamine, tryptophan metabolites, secondary bile acids and lipopolysaccharides, can alter intestinal barrier permeability by modulating immune cell differentiation and cytokine secretion, which in turn affects the systemic immune function of the host. It is therefore reasonable to hypothesize that ecological dysregulation of the gut microbiota may be an entirely new factor in the triggering of ITP. This article reviews the potential immune-related mechanisms of the gut microbiota and representative metabolites in ITP, as well as the important influence of leaky gut on the development of ITP, with a view to enriching the theoretical system of ITP-related gut microecology and providing new ideas for the study of ITP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gengda Zhu
- National Medical Research Center of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lixiang Yan
- National Medical Research Center of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lijun Fang
- National Medical Research Center of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, National Clinical Medical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenyang Fan
- National Medical Research Center of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Sun
- National Medical Research Center of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinli Zhou
- National Medical Research Center of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yucheng Zhang
- National Medical Research Center of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhexin Shi
- National Medical Research Center of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Aguilera-Lizarraga J, Ritoux A, Bulmer DC, Smith ESJ. Intestinal barrier function in the naked mole-rat: an emergent model for gastrointestinal insights. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 327:G188-G201. [PMID: 38915279 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00080.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The intestinal barrier plays a crucial role in homeostasis by both facilitating the absorption of nutrients and fluids and providing a tight shield to prevent the invasion by either pathogen or commensal microorganisms. Intestinal barrier malfunction is associated with systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and decreased insulin sensitivity, which may lead to the dysregulation of other tissues. Therefore, a deeper understanding of physiological aspects related to an enhanced barrier function is of significant scientific and clinical relevance. The naked mole-rat has many unusual biological features, including attenuated colonic neuron sensitivity to acid and bradykinin and resistance to chemical-induced intestinal damage. However, insight into their intestinal barrier physiology is scarce. Here, we observed notable macroscopic and microscopic differences in intestinal tissue structure between naked mole-rats and mice. Moreover, naked mole-rats showed increased number of larger goblet cells and elevated mucus content. In measuring gut permeability, naked mole-rats showed reduced permeability compared with mice, measured as transepithelial electrical resistance, especially in ileum. Furthermore, intestinal ion secretion induced by serotonin, bradykinin, histamine, and capsaicin was significantly reduced in naked mole-rats compared with mice, despite the expression of receptors for all these agonists. In addition, naked mole-rats exhibited reduced prosecretory responses to the nonselective adenylate cyclase activator forskolin. Collectively, these findings indicate that naked mole-rats possess a robust and hard-to-penetrate gastrointestinal barrier that is resistant to environmental and endogenous irritants. Naked mole-rats may therefore provide valuable insights into the physiology of the intestinal barrier and set the stage for the development of innovative and effective therapies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to characterize the intestinal function of naked mole-rats. We found that these animals show a robust gut tissue structure, displaying thicker intestinal layers, longer villi, and larger crypts. Naked mole-rats showed more and larger goblet cells, with increased mucus content. Intestinal permeability, especially in the ileum, was substantially lower than that of mice. Finally, naked mole-rats showed reduced intestinal anion secretion in response to serotonin, bradykinin, histamine, capsaicin, and forskolin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Ritoux
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David C Bulmer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ewan St John Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sha JY, Chen KC, Liu ZB, Li W, Lu YS, Liu S, Ma JK, Qu D, Sun YS. Ginseng-DF ameliorates intestinal mucosal barrier injury and enhances immunity in immunosuppressed mice by regulating MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:1487-1500. [PMID: 38748287 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03378-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dietary fiber (DF) has a good application prospect in effectively restoring the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier. Ginseng-DF has good physicochemical properties and physiological activity and shows positive effects in enhancing immunity. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Ginseng-DF on intestinal mucosal barrier injury induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX) in immunosuppressed mice and its possible mechanism. METHODS The effects of Gginseng-DF on immune function in mice were studied by delayed-type hypersensitivy, lymphocyte proliferation assay and NK cytotoxicity assay, the T lymphocyte differentiation and intestinal barrier integrity were analyzed by flow cytometry and western blot. RESULTS Ginseng-DF (2.5% and 5%) could attenuate the inhibition of DTH response by CTX, promote the transformation and proliferation of lymphocytes, and stimulate NK effector cell activity. At the same time, Ginseng-DF could restore the proportion of CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes induced by CTX to different extents, improved spleen tissue damage, promoted the secretion of immunoglobulin IgG, and enhanced body immunity. More importantly, Ginseng-DF could up-regulate the contents of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-1β in serum and intestine of immunosuppressed mice to maintain the balance between Th1/Th2 cytokines, and improve the permeability of intestinal mucosal barrier. Meanwhile, Ginseng-DF could reduce intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and improve intestinal adaptive immunity in CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice by regulating MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Ginseng-DF can be used as a safe dietary supplement to enhance body immunity and reduce intestinal mucosal injury caused by CTX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yue Sha
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | | | - Zheng-Bo Liu
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yu-Shun Lu
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Looking Up 9 Starry Sky Medical Research Center, Siping, 136000, China.
| | - Jian-Kai Ma
- Baker (Jilin) Special Medical Health Industry Co., Ltd., Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Di Qu
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Yin-Shi Sun
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kawamoto S, Hara E. Crosstalk between gut microbiota and cellular senescence: a vicious cycle leading to aging gut. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:626-635. [PMID: 38220548 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Two phenomena, the accumulation of senescent cells and changes in the gut microbiota, are thought to contribute to the decline of biological functions and the development of diseases associated with aging. However, the relationship between these two phenomena and their effects on aging remains to be clarified. Recently, we have reported that gut bacteria induce cellular senescence in ileal germinal center (GC) B cells, resulting in decreased IgA production and diversity. This, in turn, leads to an imbalance in the gut microbiota. Thus, the crosstalk between the gut microbiota and cellular senescence via the host immune system may establish a vicious cycle and contribute to the disruption of gut homeostasis associated with aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shimpei Kawamoto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Eiji Hara
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Center for Infectious Diseases Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lacy BE, Wise JL, Cangemi DJ. Leaky Gut Syndrome: Myths and Management. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) 2024; 20:264-272. [PMID: 39193076 PMCID: PMC11345991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Leaky gut syndrome is a condition widely popularized in the lay literature, although it is not currently accepted as a formal medical diagnosis. Multiple gastrointestinal symptoms are ascribed to leaky gut syndrome, including diarrhea, bloating, distension, abdominal pain, and dyspeptic symptoms of early satiety, nausea, and postprandial fullness. The etiology and pathophysiology of leaky gut syndrome are multifactorial; a preceding gastrointestinal infection, inflammatory bowel disease, and certain medications may be relevant factors in some patients. The diagnosis of leaky gut syndrome is problematic. Although patients are frequently informed that the diagnosis can be readily made using results from blood work or stool studies, no validated test currently exists to make this diagnosis. Patients report a variety of myths about the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of leaky gut syndrome, which can cause alarm and can frequently lead to expensive, unnecessary tests and unproven, sometimes dangerous treatments. This article reviews some of the most common myths about leaky gut syndrome and provides data from the scientific literature to correct these statements. Management strategies, based on data, are provided when available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian E. Lacy
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Journey L. Wise
- Graduate Research Education Program, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - David J. Cangemi
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Qaisar R, Hussain S, Karim A, Muhammad T, Ustrana S, Azhar Hussain M, Ahmad F. A leaky gut contributes to postural imbalance in male patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 62:157-163. [PMID: 38901937 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) frequently exhibit an inability to maintain postural balance. However, the contribution of increased intestinal permeability or leaky gut to the postural imbalance in COPD is not known. METHODS We measured plasma zonulin, a marker of leaky gut, with relevance to postural balance in male controls (n = 70) and patients with mild (n = 67), moderate (n = 66), and severe (n = 58) COPD. We employed a short physical performance battery to evaluate postural balance in supine, tandem, and semi-tandem positions. We also measured handgrip strength (HGS), gait speed, plasma c-reactive proteins (CRP), and 8-isoprostanes as potential mechanistic connections between postural imbalance and leaky gut. RESULTS COPD patients demonstrated higher plasma zonulin, CRP, and 8-isoprostanes levels and lower balance, HGS, and gait speed than controls (all p < 0.05). These findings were more robust in patients with moderate and severe than mild COPD. In addition, plasma zonulin exhibited significant potential in diagnosing poor balance, low HGS, and gait speed in COPD patients (all p < 0.05). We also found significant correlations of plasma zonulin with CRP and 8-isoprostanes, providing heightened inflammation and oxidative stress as mechanistic connections between leaky gut and postural imbalance. CONCLUSION Plasma zonulin may be helpful in evaluating postural imbalance in COPD patients. Repairing intestinal leaks can be a therapeutic target to improve postural control in COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Qaisar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Space Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Cardiovascular Research Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Shah Hussain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Asima Karim
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Iron Biology Research Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tahir Muhammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Gomal Medical College, Dera Ismail Khan 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shahjahan Ustrana
- Department of Biochemistry, Gomal Medical College, Dera Ismail Khan 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M Azhar Hussain
- Department of Finance and Economics, College of Business Administration, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Firdos Ahmad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Space Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Cardiovascular Research Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ullah H, Arbab S, Tian Y, Chen Y, Liu CQ, Li Q, Li K. Crosstalk between gut microbiota and host immune system and its response to traumatic injury. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1413485. [PMID: 39144142 PMCID: PMC11321976 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1413485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Millions of microorganisms make up the complex microbial ecosystem found in the human gut. The immune system's interaction with the gut microbiota is essential for preventing inflammation and maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Numerous metabolic products that can cross-talk between immune cells and the gut epithelium are metabolized by the gut microbiota. Traumatic injury elicits a great and multifaceted immune response in the minutes after the initial offense, containing simultaneous pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. The development of innovative therapies that improve patient outcomes depends on the gut microbiota and immunological responses to trauma. The altered makeup of gut microbes, or gut dysbiosis, can also dysregulate immunological responses, resulting in inflammation. Major human diseases may become more common as a result of chronic dysbiosis and the translocation of bacteria and the products of their metabolism beyond the mucosal barrier. In this review, we briefly summarize the interactions between the gut microbiota and the immune system and human disease and their therapeutic probiotic formulations. We also discuss the immune response to traumatic injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanif Ullah
- Medicine and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Safia Arbab
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yali Tian
- Medicine and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuwen Chen
- Medicine and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chang-qing Liu
- Medicine and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qijie Li
- Medicine and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ka Li
- Medicine and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Arsov A, Tsigoriyna L, Batovska D, Armenova N, Mu W, Zhang W, Petrov K, Petrova P. Bacterial Degradation of Antinutrients in Foods: The Genomic Insight. Foods 2024; 13:2408. [PMID: 39123599 PMCID: PMC11311503 DOI: 10.3390/foods13152408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Antinutrients, also known as anti-nutritional factors (ANFs), are compounds found in many plant-based foods that can limit the bioavailability of nutrients or can act as precursors to toxic substances. ANFs have controversial effects on human health, depending mainly on their concentration. While the positive effects of these compounds are well documented, the dangers they pose and the approaches to avoid them have not been discussed to the same extent. There is no dispute that many ANFs negatively alter the absorption of vitamins, minerals, and proteins in addition to inhibiting some enzyme activities, thus negatively affecting the bioavailability of nutrients in the human body. This review discusses the chemical properties, plant bioavailability, and deleterious effects of anti-minerals (phytates and oxalates), glycosides (cyanogenic glycosides and saponins), polyphenols (tannins), and proteinaceous ANFs (enzyme inhibitors and lectins). The focus of this study is on the possibility of controlling the amount of ANF in food through fermentation. An overview of the most common biochemical pathways for their microbial reduction is provided, showing the genetic basis of these phenomena, including the active enzymes, the optimal conditions of action, and some data on the regulation of their synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Arsov
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Lidia Tsigoriyna
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (D.B.); (N.A.); (K.P.)
| | - Daniela Batovska
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (D.B.); (N.A.); (K.P.)
| | - Nadya Armenova
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (D.B.); (N.A.); (K.P.)
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (W.M.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (W.M.); (W.Z.)
| | - Kaloyan Petrov
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (D.B.); (N.A.); (K.P.)
| | - Penka Petrova
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Schneck NA, Moghieb A, Teague C, Perez HL. Development and application of a multi-sugar assay to assess intestinal permeability. Bioanalysis 2024; 16:849-861. [PMID: 39023344 DOI: 10.1080/17576180.2024.2374168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Bioanalytical assays to measure rhamnose, erythritol, lactulose and sucralose in human urine and plasma were developed to support an indomethacin challenge study for intestinal permeability assessment in healthy participants.Methods: The multi-sugar assays utilized 5-μl sample matrix and a simple chemical derivatization with acetic anhydride, followed by RPLC-MS/MS detection.Results: Rhamnose and erythritol quantification was established between 1.00-1,000 μg/ml in urine and 250-250,000 ng/ml in plasma. For lactulose and sucralose, dynamic ranges of 0.1-100 μg/ml (urine) and 25-25,000 ng/ml (plasma) were applied for biological measurements.Conclusion: This work helped overcome some of the common analytical challenges associated with the bioanalysis of mono- and disaccharides and achieved improved limits of quantification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Schneck
- GSK, Biomarker Platforms, Precision Medicine, GSK, 1250 S Collegeville Rd, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Ahmed Moghieb
- GSK, Biomarker Platforms, Precision Medicine, GSK, 1250 S Collegeville Rd, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Claire Teague
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Hermes Licea Perez
- GSK, Biomarker Platforms, Precision Medicine, GSK, 1250 S Collegeville Rd, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lee MH, Nuccio SP, Mohanty I, Hagey LR, Dorrestein PC, Chu H, Raffatellu M. How bile acids and the microbiota interact to shape host immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01057-x. [PMID: 39009868 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Bile acids are increasingly appearing in the spotlight owing to their novel impacts on various host processes. Similarly, there is growing attention on members of the microbiota that are responsible for bile acid modifications. With recent advances in technology enabling the discovery and continued identification of microbially conjugated bile acids, the chemical complexity of the bile acid landscape in the body is increasing at a rapid pace. In this Review, we summarize our current understanding of how bile acids and the gut microbiota interact to modulate immune responses during homeostasis and disease, with a particular focus on the gut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Lee
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Paediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sean-Paul Nuccio
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Paediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ipsita Mohanty
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lee R Hagey
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hiutung Chu
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Manuela Raffatellu
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Paediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Barbaro MR, Cremon C, Marasco G, Savarino E, Guglielmetti S, Bonomini F, Palombo M, Fuschi D, Rotondo L, Mantegazza G, Duncan R, di Sabatino A, Valente S, Pasquinelli G, Vergnolle N, Stanghellini V, Collins SM, Barbara G. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Loss of Vascular and Epithelial Integrity in Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Gastroenterology 2024:S0016-5085(24)05204-1. [PMID: 39004156 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is multifactorial and includes epithelial barrier dysfunction, a key element at the interface between the gut lumen and the deeper intestinal layers. Beneath the epithelial barrier there is the vascular one representing the last barrier to avoid luminal antigen dissemination The aims of this study were to correlate morpho-functional aspects of epithelial and vascular barriers with symptom perception in IBS. METHODS Seventy-eight healthy subjects (controls) and 223 patients with IBS were enrolled in the study and phenotyped according to validated questionnaires. Sugar test was used to evaluate in vivo permeability. Immunohistochemistry, western blot, and electron microscopy were used to characterize the vascular barrier. Vascular permeability was evaluated by assessing the mucosal expression of plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein-1 and vascular endothelial cadherin. Caco-2 or human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers were incubated with soluble mediators released by mucosal biopsies to highlight the mechanisms involved in permeability alteration. Correlation analyses have been performed among experimental and clinical data. RESULTS The intestinal epithelial barrier was compromised in patients with IBS throughout the gastrointestinal tract. IBS-soluble mediators increased Caco-2 permeability via a downregulation of tight junction gene expression. Blood vessel density and vascular permeability were increased in the IBS colonic mucosa. IBS mucosal mediators increased permeability in human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers through the activation of protease-activated receptor-2 and histone deacetylase 11, resulting in vascular endothelial cadherin downregulation. Permeability changes correlated with intestinal and behavioral symptoms and health-related quality of life of patients with IBS. CONCLUSIONS Epithelial and vascular barriers are compromised in patients with IBS and contribute to clinical manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cesare Cremon
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marasco
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Edoardo Savarino
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology of the University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Bonomini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Palombo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Fuschi
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Rotondo
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Mantegazza
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Robin Duncan
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio di Sabatino
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine 1, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sabrina Valente
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianandrea Pasquinelli
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Vincenzo Stanghellini
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stephen M Collins
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giovanni Barbara
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sikiric P, Sever M, Krezic I, Vranes H, Kalogjera L, Smoday IM, Vukovic V, Oroz K, Coric L, Skoro M, Kavelj I, Zubcic S, Sikiric S, Beketic Oreskovic L, Oreskovic I, Blagaic V, Brcic K, Strbe S, Staresinic M, Boban Blagaic A, Skrtic A, Seiwerth S. New studies with stable gastric pentadecapeptide protecting gastrointestinal tract. significance of counteraction of vascular and multiorgan failure of occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome in cytoprotection/organoprotection. Inflammopharmacology 2024:10.1007/s10787-024-01499-8. [PMID: 38980576 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Since the early 1990s, when Robert's and Szabo's cytoprotection concept had already been more than one decade old, but still not implemented in therapy, we suggest the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as the most relevant mediator of the cytoprotection concept. Consequently, it can translate stomach and gastrointestinal mucosal maintenance, epithelium, and endothelium cell protection to the therapy of other tissue healing (organoprotection), easily applicable, as native and stable in human gastric juice for more than 24 h. These overwhelm current clinical evidence (i.e., ulcerative colitis, phase II, no side effects, and no lethal dose (LD1) in toxicology studies), as BPC 157 therapy effectively combined various tissue healing and lesions counteraction. BPC 157 cytoprotection relevance and vascular recovery, activation of collateral pathways, membrane stabilizer, eye therapy, wound healing capability, brain-gut and gut-brain functioning, tumor cachexia counteraction, muscle, tendon, ligament, and bone disturbances counteraction, and the heart disturbances, myocardial infarction, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, arrhythmias, and thrombosis counteraction appeared in the recent reviews. Here, as concept resolution, we review the counteraction of advanced Virchow triad circumstances by activation of the collateral rescuing pathways, depending on injury, activated azygos vein direct blood flow delivery, to counteract occlusion/occlusion-like syndromes starting with the context of alcohol-stomach lesions. Counteraction of major vessel failure (congested inferior caval vein and superior mesenteric vein, collapsed azygos vein, collapsed abdominal aorta) includes counteraction of the brain (intracerebral and intraventricular hemorrhage), heart (congestion, severe arrhythmias), lung (hemorrhage), and congestion and lesions in the liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract, intracranial (superior sagittal sinus), portal and caval hypertension, aortal hypotension, and thrombosis, peripherally and centrally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marko Sever
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Krezic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Vranes
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Kalogjera
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Maria Smoday
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vlasta Vukovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Oroz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Coric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Skoro
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Kavelj
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Slavica Zubcic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Suncana Sikiric
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ivana Oreskovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Blagaic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Klara Brcic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Strbe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Staresinic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alenka Boban Blagaic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Skrtic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tizabi Y, Bennani S, El Kouhen N, Getachew B, Aschner M. Heavy Metal Interactions with Neuroglia and Gut Microbiota: Implications for Huntington's Disease. Cells 2024; 13:1144. [PMID: 38994995 PMCID: PMC11240758 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a rare but progressive and devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by involuntary movements, cognitive decline, executive dysfunction, and neuropsychiatric conditions such as anxiety and depression. It follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Thus, a child who has a parent with the mutated huntingtin (mHTT) gene has a 50% chance of developing the disease. Since the HTT protein is involved in many critical cellular processes, including neurogenesis, brain development, energy metabolism, transcriptional regulation, synaptic activity, vesicle trafficking, cell signaling, and autophagy, its aberrant aggregates lead to the disruption of numerous cellular pathways and neurodegeneration. Essential heavy metals are vital at low concentrations; however, at higher concentrations, they can exacerbate HD by disrupting glial-neuronal communication and/or causing dysbiosis (disturbance in the gut microbiota, GM), both of which can lead to neuroinflammation and further neurodegeneration. Here, we discuss in detail the interactions of iron, manganese, and copper with glial-neuron communication and GM and indicate how this knowledge may pave the way for the development of a new generation of disease-modifying therapies in HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Samia Bennani
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20670, Morocco
| | - Nacer El Kouhen
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20670, Morocco
| | - Bruk Getachew
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kruk A, Popowski D, Roszko MŁ, Granica S, Piwowarski JP. Heterogeneity of transport and metabolism of Tormentillae rhizoma constituents across human intestinal epithelium cellular model. Food Res Int 2024; 188:114326. [PMID: 38823825 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Tormentilla erecta (L.) Raeusch is a widespread plant in Europe and Western Asia. Its rhizomes (Tormentilae rhizoma) are the main ingredient of herbal alcoholic beverages and can be used as a natural preservative in beer production. Apart from its unique taste qualities, therapeutic properties in gastrointestinal tract ailments are attributed to the tincture obtained from Tormentillae rhizoma. The presented research aimed to determine the mutual relationship between the components of Tormentillae tincture, present in popular alcoholic beverages, and intestinal epithelium (Caco-2 cell monolayers). A comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analysis of the tincture was performed, including the determination of condensed and hydrolyzable tannins as well as triterpenoids (UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS). Incubation of the tincture with Caco-2 monolayers has shown that only triterpenes pass through the monolayer, while condensed tannins are mainly bound to the monolayer surface. Ellagic acid derivatives were the only components of the Tormentillae tinctura being metabolized by cell monolayers to the compounds not previously described in the literature, which may be crucial in the treatment of intestinal diseases with inflammatory background.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kruk
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dominik Popowski
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Food Analysis, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology - State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marek Ł Roszko
- Department of Food Analysis, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology - State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jakub P Piwowarski
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ulluwishewa D, Nicholls G, Henderson H, Bernstein D, Fraser K, Barnett MPG, Barnes MJ. Effects of bovine whey protein on exercise-induced gut permeability in healthy adults: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:2045-2056. [PMID: 38386104 PMCID: PMC11199293 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intestinal permeability is a critical component of gut barrier function. Barrier dysfunction can be triggered by certain stressors such as exercise, and if left unmanaged can lead to local and systemic disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a specific whey protein fraction in alleviating exercise-induced gut permeability as assessed by recovery of lactulose/rhamnose (L/R) and lactulose/mannitol (L/M) urinary probes. METHODS Eight males and eight females (aged 18-50) completed two arms of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. For each arm participants performed two baseline intestinal permeability assessments, following which they consumed the treatment (2 g/day of milk powder containing 200 mg of whey protein) or placebo (2 g/day of milk powder) for 14 days, before performing a post-exercise permeability assessment. The exercise protocol involved a 20-min run at 80% of maximal oxygen uptake on a 1% incline. RESULTS Mixed model analysis revealed an increase in L/R (23%; P < 0.001) and L/M (20%; P < 0.01) recovery following exercise. However, there was no treatment or treatment × exercise effect. CONCLUSION The exercise protocol utilised in our study induces gut permeability. However, consuming whey protein, at the dose and timing prescribed, is not able to mitigate this effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Grayson Nicholls
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Karl Fraser
- AgResearch, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Matthew P G Barnett
- AgResearch, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Matthew J Barnes
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Rasmussen TS, Mao X, Forster S, Larsen SB, Von Münchow A, Tranæs KD, Brunse A, Larsen F, Mejia JLC, Adamberg S, Hansen AK, Adamberg K, Hansen CHF, Nielsen DS. Overcoming donor variability and risks associated with fecal microbiota transplants through bacteriophage-mediated treatments. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:119. [PMID: 38951925 PMCID: PMC11218093 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01820-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and fecal virome transplantation (FVT, sterile filtrated donor feces) have been effective in treating recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections, possibly through bacteriophage-mediated modulation of the gut microbiome. However, challenges like donor variability, costly screening, coupled with concerns over pathogen transfer (incl. eukaryotic viruses) with FMT or FVT hinder their wider clinical application in treating less acute diseases. METHODS To overcome these challenges, we developed methods to broaden FVT's clinical application while maintaining efficacy and increasing safety. Specifically, we employed the following approaches: (1) chemostat-fermentation to reproduce the bacteriophage FVT donor component and remove eukaryotic viruses (FVT-ChP), (2) solvent-detergent treatment to inactivate enveloped viruses (FVT-SDT), and (3) pyronin-Y treatment to inhibit RNA virus replication (FVT-PyT). We assessed the efficacy of these processed FVTs in a C. difficile infection mouse model and compared them with untreated FVT (FVT-UnT), FMT, and saline. RESULTS FVT-SDT, FVT-UnT, and FVT-ChP reduced the incidence of mice reaching the humane endpoint (0/8, 2/7, and 3/8, respectively) compared to FMT, FVT-PyT, and saline (5/8, 7/8, and 5/7, respectively) and significantly reduced the load of colonizing C. difficile cells and associated toxin A/B levels. There was a potential elimination of C. difficile colonization, with seven out of eight mice treated with FVT-SDT testing negative with qPCR. In contrast, all other treatments exhibited the continued presence of C. difficile. Moreover, the results were supported by changes in the gut microbiome profiles, cecal cytokine levels, and histopathological findings. Assessment of viral engraftment following FMT/FVT treatment and host-phage correlations analysis suggested that transfer of phages likely were an important contributing factor associated with treatment efficacy. CONCLUSIONS This proof-of-concept study shows that specific modifications of FVT hold promise in addressing challenges related to donor variability and infection risks. Two strategies lead to treatments significantly limiting C. difficile colonization in mice, with solvent/detergent treatment and chemostat propagation of donor phages emerging as promising approaches. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torben Sølbeck Rasmussen
- Section of Food Microbiology, Gut Health, and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26 4, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Xiaotian Mao
- Section of Food Microbiology, Gut Health, and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26 4, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sarah Forster
- Section of Food Microbiology, Gut Health, and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26 4, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sabina Birgitte Larsen
- Section of Food Microbiology, Gut Health, and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26 4, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Alexandra Von Münchow
- Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department, of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9 1, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kaare Dyekær Tranæs
- Section of Food Microbiology, Gut Health, and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26 4, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Anders Brunse
- Section of Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 68, 1870, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Frej Larsen
- Section of Food Microbiology, Gut Health, and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26 4, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Josue Leonardo Castro Mejia
- Section of Food Microbiology, Gut Health, and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26 4, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Signe Adamberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Axel Kornerup Hansen
- Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department, of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9 1, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kaarel Adamberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Camilla Hartmann Friis Hansen
- Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department, of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9 1, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Dennis Sandris Nielsen
- Section of Food Microbiology, Gut Health, and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26 4, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sun X, Zhang H, Zhang X, Gao W, Zhou C, Kou X, Deng J, Zhang J. The Cellular Microbiome of Visceral Organs: An Inherent Inhabitant of Parenchymal Cells. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1333. [PMID: 39065101 PMCID: PMC11279389 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The cell is the basic unit of life. It is composed of organelles and various organic and inorganic biomolecules. Recent 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (16S rRNA) gene sequencing studies have revealed the presence of tissue bacteria in both tumor and normal tissues. Recently, we found that the liver microbiome resided in hepatocytes. Here, we further report on the cellular microbiome in the parenchymal cells of visceral organs as inherent inhabitants. We performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing on visceral organs of male adult Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, pregnant rats, newborn rats, and fetuses and placentas; then, we performed fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence in visceral organs. Furthermore, we performed Western blotting on nuclear and cytoplasmic extractions of visceral organs of SD rats and cell lines HepG2, Huh-7, Hepa1-6, and HSC-T6. A high abundance of 16S rRNA gene was detected in the visceral organs of male adult, pregnant, newborn, and fetal rats as well as their placentas. The number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of visceral bacteria was higher than that of the feces and ileum bacteria. Bacterial 16S rRNA, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) were found in the parenchymal cells of visceral organs, as well as in HepG2, Huh-7, HSC-T6, and Hepa1-6 cells. LPS consistently appeared in the nucleus of cells, while LTA was mainly found in the cytoplasm. In conclusion, the cellular microbiome is an intrinsic component of cells. Gram-negative bacteria are located in the nucleus, and Gram-positive bacteria are located in the cytoplasm. This differs from the gut microbiome and may be inherited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Sun
- Correspondence: (X.S.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-13519316382 (X.S.); +86-15095387695 (J.Z.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiangang Zhang
- Pathology Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (W.G.); (C.Z.); (X.K.); (J.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gawey BJ, Mars RA, Kashyap PC. The role of the gut microbiome in disorders of gut-brain interaction. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38922780 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction (DGBI) are widely prevalent and commonly encountered in gastroenterology practice. While several peripheral and central mechanisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of DGBI, a recent body of work suggests an important role for the gut microbiome. In this review, we highlight how gut microbiota and their metabolites affect physiologic changes underlying symptoms in DGBI, with a particular focus on their mechanistic influence on GI transit, visceral sensitivity, intestinal barrier function and secretion, and CNS processing. This review emphasizes the complexity of local and distant effects of microbial metabolites on physiological function, influenced by factors such as metabolite concentration, duration of metabolite exposure, receptor location, host genetics, and underlying disease state. Large-scale in vitro work has elucidated interactions between host receptors and the microbial metabolome but there is a need for future research to integrate such preclinical findings with clinical studies. The development of novel, targeted therapeutic strategies for DGBI hinges on a deeper understanding of these metabolite-host interactions, offering exciting possibilities for the future of treatment of DGBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brent J Gawey
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ruben A Mars
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Purna C Kashyap
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hammerhøj A, Chakravarti D, Sato T, Jensen KB, Nielsen OH. Organoids as regenerative medicine for inflammatory bowel disease. iScience 2024; 27:110118. [PMID: 38947526 PMCID: PMC11214415 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder with an increasing global prevalence. Managing disease activity relies on various pharmacological options. However, the effectiveness of current therapeutics is limited and not universally applicable to all patients and circumstances. Consequently, developing new management strategies is necessary. Recent advances in endoscopically obtained intestinal biopsy specimens have highlighted the potential of intestinal epithelial organoid transplantation as a novel therapeutic approach. Experimental studies using murine and human organoid transplantations have shown promising outcomes, including tissue regeneration and functional recovery. Human trials with organoid therapy have commenced; thus, this article provides readers with insights into the necessity and potential of intestinal organoid transplantation as a new regenerative therapeutic option in clinical settings and explores its associated challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hammerhøj
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Deepavali Chakravarti
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Toshiro Sato
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kim Bak Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Haagen Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ludgate ME, Masetti G, Soares P. The relationship between the gut microbiota and thyroid disorders. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024:10.1038/s41574-024-01003-w. [PMID: 38906998 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-01003-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Disorders of the thyroid gland are common, more prevalent in women than in men, and range from inflammatory to neoplastic lesions. Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) affect 2-5% of the population, while thyroid cancer is the most frequent endocrine malignancy. Treatment for AITD is still restricted to management rather than prevention or cure. Progress has been made in identifying genetic variants that predispose to AITD and thyroid cancer, but the increasing prevalence of all thyroid disorders indicates that factors other than genes are involved. The gut microbiota, which begins to develop before birth, is highly sensitive to diet and the environment, providing a potential mechanism for non-communicable diseases to become communicable. Its functions extend beyond maintenance of gut integrity: the gut microbiota regulates the immune system, contributes to thyroid hormone metabolism and can generate or catabolize carcinogens, all of which are relevant to AITD and thyroid cancer. Observational and interventional studies in animal models support a role for the gut microbiota in AITD, which has been confirmed in some reports from human cohorts, although considerable geographic variation is apparent. Reports of a role for the microbiota in thyroid cancer are more limited, but evidence supports a relationship between gut dysbiosis and thyroid cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paula Soares
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto (I3S), Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kodani H, Aoi W, Hirata M, Takami M, Kobayashi Y, Kuwahata M. Skeletal muscle metabolic dysfunction with circulating carboxymethyl-lysine in dietary food additive-induced leaky gut. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23715. [PMID: 38837260 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302473r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Impaired intestinal permeability induces systemic inflammation and metabolic disturbance. The effect of a leaky gut on metabolism in skeletal muscle, a major nutrient consumer, remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the glucose metabolic function of the whole body and skeletal muscles in a mouse model of diet-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction. At Week 2, we observed higher intestinal permeability in mice fed a titanium dioxide (TiO2)-containing diet than that of mice fed a normal control diet. Subsequently, systemic glucose and insulin tolerance were found to be impaired. In the skeletal muscle, glucose uptake and phosphorylation levels in insulin signaling were lower in the TiO2 group than those in the control group. Additionally, the levels of pro-inflammatory factors were higher in TiO2-fed mice than those in the control group. We observed higher carboxymethyl-lysin (CML) levels in the plasma and intestines of TiO2-fed mice and lower insulin-dependent glucose uptake in CML-treated cultured myotubes than those in the controls. Finally, soluble dietary fiber supplementation improved glucose and insulin intolerance, suppressed plasma CML, and improved intestinal barrier function. These results suggest that an impaired intestinal barrier leads to systemic glucose intolerance, which is associated with glucose metabolism dysfunction in the skeletal muscles due to circulating CML derived from the intestine. This study highlights that the intestinal condition regulates muscle and systemic metabolic health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hinako Kodani
- Laboratory of Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wataru Aoi
- Laboratory of Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mikiko Hirata
- Laboratory of Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Maki Takami
- Laboratory of Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Kuwahata
- Laboratory of Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Álvarez-Herms J, Odriozola A. Microbiome and physical activity. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2024; 111:409-450. [PMID: 38908903 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Regular physical activity promotes health benefits and contributes to develop the individual biological potential. Chronical physical activity performed at moderate and high-intensity is the intensity more favorable to produce health development in athletes and improve the gut microbiota balance. The athletic microbiome is characterized by increased microbial diversity and abundance as well as greater phenotypic versatility. In addition, physical activity and microbiota composition have bidirectional effects, with regular physical activity improving microbial composition and microbial composition enhancing physical performance. The improvement of physical performance by a healthy microbiota is related to different phenotypes: i) efficient metabolic development, ii) improved regulation of intestinal permeability, iii) favourable modulation of local and systemic inflammatory and efficient immune responses, iv) efective regulation of systemic pH and, v) protection against acute stressful events such as environmental exposure to altitude or heat. The type of sport, both intensity or volume characteristics promote microbiota specialisation. Individual assessment of the state of the gut microbiota can be an effective biomarker for monitoring health in the medium to long term. The relationship between the microbiota and the rest of the body is bidirectional and symbiotic, with a full connection between the systemic functions of the nervous, musculoskeletal, endocrine, metabolic, acid-base and immune systems. In addition, circadian rhythms, including regular physical activity, directly influence the adaptive response of the microbiota. In conclusion, regular stimuli of moderate- and high-intensity physical activity promote greater diversity, abundance, resilience and versatility of the gut microbiota. This effect is highly beneficial for human health when healthy lifestyle habits including nutrition, hydration, rest, chronoregulation and physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Álvarez-Herms
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Phymo® Lab, Physiology and Molecular Laboratory, Collado Hermoso, Segovia, Spain.
| | - Adrián Odriozola
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Dimba NR, Mzimela N, Khathi A. Improved Gut Health May Be a Potential Therapeutic Approach for Managing Prediabetes: A Literature Review. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1275. [PMID: 38927482 PMCID: PMC11201806 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the growing global threat and rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), addressing this metabolic disease is imperative. T2DM is preceded by prediabetes (PD), an intermediate hyperglycaemia that goes unnoticed for years in patients. Several studies have shown that gut microbial diversity and glucose homeostasis in PD or T2DM patients are affected. Therefore, this review aims to synthesize the existing literature to elucidate the association between high-calorie diets, intestinal permeability and their correlation with PD or T2DM. Moreover, it discusses the beneficial effects of different dietary interventions on improving gut health and glucose metabolism. The primary factor contributing to complications seen in PD or T2DM patients is the chronic consumption of high-calorie diets, which alters the gut microbial composition and increases the translocation of toxic substances from the intestinal lumen into the bloodstream. This causes an increase in inflammatory response that further impairs glucose regulation. Several dietary approaches or interventions have been implemented. However, only a few are currently in use and have shown promising results in improving beneficial microbiomes and glucose metabolism. Therefore, additional well-designed studies are still necessary to thoroughly investigate whether improving gut health using other types of dietary interventions can potentially manage or reverse PD, thereby preventing the onset of T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andile Khathi
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville 4000, South Africa; (N.R.D.); (N.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Chang H, Perkins MH, Novaes LS, Qian F, Han W, de Araujo IE. An Amygdalar-Vagal-Glandular Circuit Controls the Intestinal Microbiome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.02.594027. [PMID: 38853855 PMCID: PMC11160750 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.02.594027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Psychological states can regulate intestinal mucosal immunity by altering the gut microbiome. However, the link between the brain and microbiome composition remains elusive. We show that Brunner's glands in the duodenal submucosa couple brain activity to intestinal bacterial homeostasis. Brunner's glands mediated the enrichment of gut probiotic species in response to stimulation of abdominal vagal fibers. Cell-specific ablation of the glands triggered transmissible dysbiosis associated with an immunodeficiency syndrome that led to mortality upon gut infection with pathogens. The syndrome could be largely prevented by oral or intra-intestinal administration of probiotics. In the forebrain, we identified a vagally-mediated, polysynaptic circuit connecting the glands of Brunner to the central nucleus of the amygdala. Intra-vital imaging revealed that excitation of central amygdala neurons activated Brunner's glands and promoted the growth of probiotic populations. Our findings unveil a vagal-glandular neuroimmune circuitry that may be targeted for the modulation of the gut microbiome. The glands of Brunner may be the critical cells that regulate the levels of Lactobacilli species in the intestine.
Collapse
|
49
|
Ishioh M, Nozu T, Miyagishi S, Igarashi S, Funayama T, Ueno N, Okumura T. Brain histamine improves colonic hyperpermeability through the basal forebrain cholinergic neurons, adenosine A2B receptors and vagus nerve in rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 224:116201. [PMID: 38608783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal barrier dysfunction, leaky gut, is implicated in various diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease. Our recent investigation revealed that basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs), critical for cognitive function, receive signals from butyrate and orexin, playing a role in regulating intestinal barrier function through adenosine A2B signaling and the vagus. This study explores the involvement and function of brain histamine, linked to BFCNs, in the regulation of intestinal barrier function. Colonic permeability, assessed by quantifying absorbed Evans blue in rat colonic tissue, showed that histamine did not affect increased colonic permeability induced by LPS when administered subcutaneously. However, intracisternal histamine administration improved colonic hyperpermeability. Elevating endogenous histamine levels in the brain with SKF91488, a histamine N-methyltransferase inhibitor, also improved colonic hyperpermeability. This effect was abolished by intracisternal chlorpheniramine, an histamine H1 receptor antagonist, not ranitidine, an H2 receptor antagonist. The SKF91488-induced improvement in colonic hyperpermeability was blocked by vagotomy, intracisternal pirenzepine (suppressing BFCNs activity), or alloxazine (an adenosine A2B receptor antagonist). Additionally, intracisternal chlorpheniramine injection eliminated butyrate-induced improvement in colonic hyperpermeability. These findings suggest that brain histamine, acting via the histamine H1 receptor, regulates intestinal barrier function involving BFCNs, adenosine A2B signaling, and the vagus. Brain histamine appears to centrally regulate intestinal barrier function influenced by butyrate, differentiating its actions from peripheral histamine in conditions like IBS, where mast cell-derived histamine induces leaky gut. Brain histamine emerges as a potential pharmacological target for diseases associated with leaky gut, such as dementia and IBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masatomo Ishioh
- Division of Metabolism, Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan; Department of General Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan.
| | - Tsukasa Nozu
- Department of General Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan; Department of Regional Medicine and Education, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan; Center for Medical Education, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Saori Miyagishi
- Department of General Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Sho Igarashi
- Division of Metabolism, Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Takuya Funayama
- Division of Metabolism, Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ueno
- Division of Metabolism, Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan; Department of General Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Okumura
- Division of Metabolism, Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan; Department of General Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Jaquez-Durán G, Arellano-Ortiz AL. Western diet components that increase intestinal permeability with implications on health. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2024; 94:405-421. [PMID: 38009780 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal permeability is a physiological property that allows necessary molecules to enter the organism. This property is regulated by tight junction proteins located between intestinal epithelial cells. However, various factors can increase intestinal permeability (IIP), including diet. Specific components in the Western diet (WD), such as monosaccharides, fat, gluten, salt, alcohol, and additives, can affect the tight junctions between enterocytes, leading to increased permeability. This review explains how these components promote IIP and outlines their potential implications for health. In addition, we describe how a reduction in WD consumption may help improve dietary treatment of diseases associated with IIP. Research has shown that some of these components can cause changes in the gut microbiota, leading to dysbiosis, which can promote greater intestinal permeability and displacement of endotoxins into the bloodstream. These endotoxins include lipopolysaccharides derived from gram-negative bacteria, and their presence has been associated with various diseases, such as autoimmune, neurological, and metabolic diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, nutrition professionals should promote the reduction of WD consumption and consider the inclusion of healthy diet components as part of the nutritional treatment for diseases associated with increased intestinal permeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Jaquez-Durán
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División Multidisciplinaria de Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, México
| | - Ana Lidia Arellano-Ortiz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División Multidisciplinaria de Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, México
| |
Collapse
|