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Bayne S, LeFevre J, Olstinske K, Ravindran S, Munusamy S. Renoprotective Effects of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists Against Diabetic Kidney Disease. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300496. [PMID: 38065929 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a growing epidemic worldwide and a leading cause of end-stage kidney disease. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blockade using Finerenone is a recently approved therapeutic approach to slow down the progression of DKD in patients with type 2 diabetes in addition to other therapies such as angiotensin-II converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogs. This review elaborates on the pathophysiologic pathways activated by aldosterone (the human mineralocorticoid) in DKD, the pharmacology of three different generations of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), specifically, spironolactone, eplerenone, and finerenone, and the mechanisms by which these MRAs elicit their protective effects on the kidney under diabetic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bayne
- Drake University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Des Moines, IA, 50311, USA
| | - James LeFevre
- Drake University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Des Moines, IA, 50311, USA
| | - Kayla Olstinske
- Drake University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Des Moines, IA, 50311, USA
| | | | - Shankar Munusamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Drake University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Des Moines, IA, 50311, USA
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2
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Markousis-Mavrogenis G, Baumhove L, Al-Mubarak AA, Aboumsallem JP, Bomer N, Voors AA, van der Meer P. Immunomodulation and immunopharmacology in heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:119-149. [PMID: 37709934 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00919-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is intimately involved in the pathophysiology of heart failure. However, it is currently underused as a therapeutic target in the clinical setting. Moreover, the development of novel immunomodulatory therapies and their investigation for the treatment of patients with heart failure are hampered by the fact that currently used, evidence-based treatments for heart failure exert multiple immunomodulatory effects. In this Review, we discuss current knowledge on how evidence-based treatments for heart failure affect the immune system in addition to their primary mechanism of action, both to inform practising physicians about these pleiotropic actions and to create a framework for the development and application of future immunomodulatory therapies. We also delineate which subpopulations of patients with heart failure might benefit from immunomodulatory treatments. Furthermore, we summarize completed and ongoing clinical trials that assess immunomodulatory treatments in heart failure and present several therapeutic targets that could be investigated in the future. Lastly, we provide future directions to leverage the immunomodulatory potential of existing treatments and to foster the investigation of novel immunomodulatory therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Markousis-Mavrogenis
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lukas Baumhove
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ali A Al-Mubarak
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Joseph Pierre Aboumsallem
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nils Bomer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A Voors
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter van der Meer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
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3
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Jia G, Bai H, Mather B, Hill MA, Jia G, Sowers JR. Diabetic Vasculopathy: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:804. [PMID: 38255878 PMCID: PMC10815704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinical and basic studies have documented that both hyperglycemia and insulin-resistance/hyperinsulinemia not only constitute metabolic disorders contributing to cardiometabolic syndrome, but also predispose to diabetic vasculopathy, which refers to diabetes-mellitus-induced microvascular and macrovascular complications, including retinopathy, neuropathy, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, hypertension, and peripheral artery disease. The underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms include inappropriate activation of the renin angiotensin-aldosterone system, mitochondrial dysfunction, excessive oxidative stress, inflammation, dyslipidemia, and thrombosis. These abnormalities collectively promote metabolic disorders and further promote diabetic vasculopathy. Recent evidence has revealed that endothelial progenitor cell dysfunction, gut dysbiosis, and the abnormal release of extracellular vesicles and their carried microRNAs also contribute to the development and progression of diabetic vasculopathy. Therefore, clinical control and treatment of diabetes mellitus, as well as the development of novel therapeutic strategies are crucial in preventing cardiometabolic syndrome and related diabetic vasculopathy. The present review focuses on the relationship between insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus in diabetic vasculopathy and related cardiovascular disease, highlighting epidemiology and clinical characteristics, pathophysiology, and molecular mechanisms, as well as management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Jia
- Department of Medicine—Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (G.J.); (H.B.); (B.M.)
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Hetty Bai
- Department of Medicine—Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (G.J.); (H.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Bethany Mather
- Department of Medicine—Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (G.J.); (H.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Michael A. Hill
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Guanghong Jia
- Department of Medicine—Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (G.J.); (H.B.); (B.M.)
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - James R. Sowers
- Department of Medicine—Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (G.J.); (H.B.); (B.M.)
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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4
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do Carmo JM, Dai X, Aitken N, Larson KM, Omoto ACM, Gulke RR, Wang Z, Li X, Mouton AJ, Hall JE, da Silva AA. Sex differences in weight gain, blood pressure control, and responses to melanocortin-4 receptor antagonism in offspring from lean and obese parents. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R401-R410. [PMID: 37519251 PMCID: PMC10639017 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00106.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
We examined potential sex differences in appetite and blood pressure (BP) responses to melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) blockade in offspring from lean and obese parents. Offspring from normal (N) diet-fed parents were fed N (NN) or high-fat (H) diets (NH) from weaning until adulthood. Offspring from obese H diet-fed parents were also fed N (HN) or H diets (HH). Adult male and female offspring were implanted with BP telemetry probes and intracerebroventricular cannulas to infuse MC4R antagonist or vehicle. Infusion of the MC4R antagonist SHU-9119 (1 nmol/h) for 7 days caused larger increases in calorie intake and body weight in obese compared with lean offspring. In male offspring, HH and HN groups exhibited higher baseline BP compared with NN and NH, and HH showed a greater reduction in BP during SHU-9119 infusion. In female offspring, HH also showed higher baseline BP and greater reduction in BP during MC4R blockade. SHU-9119 reduced heart rate in all groups, but reductions were more pronounced in offspring from lean parents. Combined α and β-adrenergic blockade reduced BP more in male HH offspring compared with NN controls. Losartan reduced BP more in male NH, HN, and HH offspring compared with NN controls. Losartan and α- and β-adrenergic blockade reduced BP similarly in all female groups. These results suggest that endogenous MC4R activity contributes to elevated BP in obese offspring from obese parents. Our findings also indicate important sex differences in the mechanisms of BP control in male and female offspring of obese parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussara M do Carmo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Xuemei Dai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Nikaela Aitken
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Kylie M Larson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Ana C M Omoto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Rodrigo R Gulke
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
- Centro Universitário Barão de Mauá, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Alan J Mouton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - John E Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Alexandre A da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
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5
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Jia G, Hill MA, Sowers JR. Vascular endothelial mineralocorticoid receptors and epithelial sodium channels in metabolic syndrome and related cardiovascular disease. J Mol Endocrinol 2023; 71:e230066. [PMID: 37610001 PMCID: PMC10502958 DOI: 10.1530/jme-23-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a group of risk factors that increase the risk of developing metabolic and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and include obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and heart failure. Recent research indicates that excessive production of aldosterone and associated activation of mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) impair insulin metabolic signaling, promote insulin resistance, and increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome and CVD. Moreover, activation of specific epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) in endothelial cells (EnNaC), which are downstream targets of endothelial-specific MR (ECMR) signaling, are also believed to play a crucial role in the development of metabolic syndrome and CVD. These adverse effects of ECMR/EnNaC activation are mediated by increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid metabolic disorders. It is worth noting that ECMR/EnNaC activation and the pathophysiology underlying metabolic syndrome and CVD appears to exhibit sexual dimorphism. Targeting ECMR/EnNaC signaling may have a beneficial effect in preventing insulin resistance, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and related CVD. This review aims to examine our current understanding of the relationship between MR activation and increased metabolic syndrome and CVD, with particular emphasis placed on the role for endothelial-specific ECMR/EnNaC signaling in these pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Jia
- Department of Medicine-Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael A Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Department of Medicine-Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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6
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Bruno RM, Varbiro S, Pucci G, Nemcsik J, Lønnebakken MT, Kublickiene K, Schluchter H, Park C, Mozos I, Guala A, Hametner B, Seeland U, Boutouyrie P. Vascular function in hypertension: does gender dimension matter? J Hum Hypertens 2023; 37:634-643. [PMID: 37061653 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-023-00826-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Blood pressure and vascular ageing trajectories differ between men and women. These differences develop due to sex-related factors, attributable to sex chromosomes or sex hormones, and due to gender-related factors, mainly related to different sociocultural behaviors. The present review summarizes the relevant facts regarding gender-related differences in vascular function in hypertension. Among sex-related factors, endogenous 17ß-estradiol plays a key role in protecting pre-menopausal women from vascular ageing. However, as vascular ageing (preceding and inducing hypertension) has a steeper increase in women than in men starting already from the third decade, it is likely that gender-related factors play a prominent role, especially in the young. Among gender-related factors, psychological stress (including that one related to gender-based violence and discrimination), depression, some psychological traits, but also low socioeconomic status, are more common in women than men, and their impact on vascular ageing is likely to be greater in women. Men, on the contrary, are more exposed to the vascular adverse consequences of alcohol consumption, as well as of social deprivation, while "toxic masculinity" traits may result in lower adherence to lifestyle and preventive strategies. Unhealthy diet habits are more prevalent in men and smoking is equally prevalent in the two sexes, but have a disproportional negative effect on women's vascular health. In conclusion, given the major and complex role of gender-related factors in driving vascular alterations and blood pressure patterns, gender dimension should be systematically integrated into future research on vascular function and hypertension and to tailor cardiovascular prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa-Maria Bruno
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, F-75015, Paris, France.
- Pharmacology Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.
| | - Szabolcs Varbiro
- Workgroup for Science Management, Doctoral School, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Giacomo Pucci
- Internal Medicine Unit, "Santa Maria" Terni Hospital and Department of Medicine and Surgery-University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - János Nemcsik
- Department of Family Medicine and Health Service of Zuglo (ZESZ), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mai Tone Lønnebakken
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karolina Kublickiene
- Institution for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Schluchter
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chloe Park
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ioana Mozos
- Department of Functional Sciences-Pathophysiology, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andrea Guala
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-CV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernhard Hametner
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Health & Bioresources, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ute Seeland
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre Boutouyrie
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, F-75015, Paris, France
- Pharmacology Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
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7
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Habibi J, Homan C, Naz H, Chen D, Lastra G, Whaley-Connell A, Sowers JR, Jia G. Endothelial MRs Mediate Western Diet-Induced Lipid Disorders and Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance in Females. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad091. [PMID: 37289042 PMCID: PMC10284339 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of a Western diet (WD) consisting of excess fat and carbohydrates activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which has emerged as an important risk factor for systemic and tissue insulin resistance. We recently discovered that activated mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) in diet-induced obesity induce CD36 expression, increase ectopic lipid accumulation, and result in systemic and tissue insulin resistance. Here, we have further investigated whether endothelial cell (EC)-specific MR (ECMR) activation participates in WD-induced ectopic skeletal muscle lipid accumulation, insulin resistance, and dysfunction. Six-week-old female ECMR knockout (ECMR-/-) and wild-type (ECMR+/+) mice were fed either a WD or a chow diet for 16 weeks. ECMR-/- mice were found to have decreased WD-induced in vivo glucose intolerance and insulin resistance at 16 weeks. Improved insulin sensitivity was accompanied by increased glucose transporter type 4 expression in conjunction with improved soleus insulin metabolic signaling in phosphoinositide 3-kinases/protein kinase B and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation. Additionally, ECMR-/- also blunted WD-induced increases in CD36 expression and associated elevations in soleus free fatty acid, total intramyocellular lipid content, oxidative stress, and soleus fibrosis. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo activation of ECMR increased EC-derived exosomal CD36 that was further taken up by skeletal muscle cells, leading to increased skeletal muscle CD36 levels. These findings indicate that in the context of an obesogenic WD, enhanced ECMR signaling increases EC-derived exosomal CD36 resulting in increased uptake and elevated concentrations of CD36 in skeletal muscle cells, contributing to increased lipid metabolic disorders and soleus insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Habibi
- Department of Medicine-Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Carlton Homan
- Department of Medicine-Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Huma Naz
- Department of Medicine-Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Dongqing Chen
- Department of Medicine-Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Guido Lastra
- Department of Medicine-Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Adam Whaley-Connell
- Department of Medicine-Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Department of Medicine–Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Department of Medicine-Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Department of Medicine–Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Guanghong Jia
- Department of Medicine-Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
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8
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Dona MSI, Hsu I, Meuth AI, Brown SM, Bailey CA, Aragonez CG, Russell JJ, Krstevski C, Aroor AR, Chandrasekar B, Martinez-Lemus LA, DeMarco VG, Grisanti LA, Jaffe IZ, Pinto AR, Bender SB. Multi-omic analysis of the cardiac cellulome defines a vascular contribution to cardiac diastolic dysfunction in obese female mice. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:11. [PMID: 36988733 PMCID: PMC10060343 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-00983-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is associated with cardiac dysfunction and predictive of cardiac mortality in obesity, especially in females. Clinical data further support that CMD associates with development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and that mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonism may be more efficacious in obese female, versus male, HFpEF patients. Accordingly, we examined the impact of smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific MR deletion on obesity-associated coronary and cardiac diastolic dysfunction in female mice. Obesity was induced in female mice via western diet (WD) feeding alongside littermates fed standard diet. Global MR blockade with spironolactone prevented coronary and cardiac dysfunction in obese females and specific deletion of SMC-MR was sufficient to prevent obesity-associated coronary and cardiac diastolic dysfunction. Cardiac gene expression profiling suggested reduced cardiac inflammation in WD-fed mice with SMC-MR deletion independent of blood pressure, aortic stiffening, and cardiac hypertrophy. Further mechanistic studies utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing of non-cardiomyocyte cell populations revealed novel impacts of SMC-MR deletion on the cardiac cellulome in obese mice. Specifically, WD feeding induced inflammatory gene signatures in non-myocyte populations including B/T cells, macrophages, and endothelium as well as increased coronary VCAM-1 protein expression, independent of cardiac fibrosis, that was prevented by SMC-MR deletion. Further, SMC-MR deletion induced a basal reduction in cardiac mast cells and prevented WD-induced cardiac pro-inflammatory chemokine expression and leukocyte recruitment. These data reveal a central role for SMC-MR signaling in obesity-associated coronary and cardiac dysfunction, thus supporting the emerging paradigm of a vascular origin of cardiac dysfunction in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malathi S I Dona
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, 75 Commercial Rd Prahran, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Ian Hsu
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, 75 Commercial Rd Prahran, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Alex I Meuth
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, E102 Vet Med Bldg, Columbia, MO, USA
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Scott M Brown
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, E102 Vet Med Bldg, Columbia, MO, USA
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Chastidy A Bailey
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, E102 Vet Med Bldg, Columbia, MO, USA
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Christian G Aragonez
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, E102 Vet Med Bldg, Columbia, MO, USA
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jacob J Russell
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, E102 Vet Med Bldg, Columbia, MO, USA
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Crisdion Krstevski
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, 75 Commercial Rd Prahran, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
- Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
- Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Vincent G DeMarco
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
- Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Laurel A Grisanti
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, E102 Vet Med Bldg, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Iris Z Jaffe
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander R Pinto
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, 75 Commercial Rd Prahran, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Shawn B Bender
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, E102 Vet Med Bldg, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.
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9
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Cardiovascular Disease in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Putative Contributions of Mineralocorticoid Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032245. [PMID: 36768567 PMCID: PMC9916750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic and highly prevalent condition that is associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis, leading to endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, and vascular insulin resistance, resulting in increased cardiovascular disease and overall mortality rates. To date, OSA remains vastly underdiagnosed and undertreated, with conventional treatments yielding relatively discouraging results for improving cardiovascular outcomes in OSA patients. As such, a better mechanistic understanding of OSA-associated cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the development of novel adjuvant therapeutic targets are critically needed. It is well-established that inappropriate mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation in cardiovascular tissues plays a causal role in a multitude of CVD states. Clinical studies and experimental models of OSA lead to increased secretion of the MR ligand aldosterone and excessive MR activation. Furthermore, MR activation has been associated with worsened OSA prognosis. Despite these documented relationships, there have been no studies exploring the causal involvement of MR signaling in OSA-associated CVD. Further, scarce clinical studies have exclusively assessed the beneficial role of MR antagonists for the treatment of systemic hypertension commonly associated with OSA. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of overlapping mechanistic pathways recruited in the context of MR activation- and OSA-induced CVD and propose MR-targeted therapy as a potential avenue to abrogate the deleterious cardiovascular consequences of OSA.
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Zheng X, Li Z, Berg Sen J, Samarah L, Deacon CS, Bernardo J, Machin DR. Western diet augments metabolic and arterial dysfunction in a sex-specific manner in outbred, genetically diverse mice. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1090023. [PMID: 36687716 PMCID: PMC9853899 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1090023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Western diet (WD), characterized by excess saturated fat and sugar intake, is a major contributor to obesity and metabolic and arterial dysfunction in humans. However, these phenotypes are not consistently observed in traditional inbred, genetically identical mice. Therefore, we sought to determine the effects of WD on visceral adiposity and metabolic/arterial function in UM-HET3 mice, an outbred, genetically diverse strain of mice. Male and female UM-HET3 mice underwent normal chow (NC) or WD for 12 weeks. Body mass and visceral adiposity were higher in WD compared to NC (P < 0.05). Female WD mice had greater visceral adiposity than male WD mice (P < 0.05). The results of glucose and insulin tolerance tests demonstrated that metabolic function was lower in WD compared to NC mice (P < 0.05). Metabolic dysfunction in WD as was driven by male mice, as metabolic function in female WD mice was unchanged (P > 0.05). Systolic blood pressure (BP) and aortic stiffness were increased in WD after 2 weeks compared to baseline and continued to increase through week 12 (P < 0.05). Systolic BP and aortic stiffness were higher from weeks 2-12 in WD compared to NC (P < 0.05). Aortic collagen content was higher in WD compared to NC (P < 0.05). Carotid artery endothelium-dependent dilation was lower in WD compared to NC (P < 0.05). These data suggest sex-related differences in visceral adiposity and metabolic dysfunction in response to WD. Despite this, arterial dysfunction was similar in male and female WD mice, indicating this model may provide unique translational insight into similar sex-related observations in humans that consume WD.
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Aroor A, DeMarco VG, Whaley-Connell AT, Jia G, Yang Y, Sharma N, Naz H, Hans C, Hayden MR, Hill MA, Sowers JR, Manrique-Acevedo C, Lastra G. Endothelial cell-specific mineralocorticoid receptor activation promotes diastolic dysfunction in diet-induced obese male mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 324:R90-R101. [PMID: 36440901 PMCID: PMC9799154 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00274.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Widespread consumption of diets high in fat and fructose (Western diet, WD) has led to increased prevalence of obesity and diastolic dysfunction (DD). DD is a prominent feature of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, the underlying mechanisms of DD are poorly understood, and treatment options are still limited. We have previously shown that deletion of the cell-specific mineralocorticoid receptor in endothelial cells (ECMR) abrogates DD induced by WD feeding in female mice. However, the specific role of ECMR activation in the pathogenesis of DD in male mice has not been clarified. Therefore, we fed 4-wk-old ECMR knockout (ECMRKO) male mice and littermates (LM) with either a WD or chow diet (CD) for 16 wk. WD feeding resulted in DD characterized by increased left ventricle (LV) filling pressure (E/e') and diastolic stiffness [E/e'/LV inner diameter at end diastole (LVIDd)]. Compared with CD, WD in LM resulted in increased myocardial macrophage infiltration, oxidative stress, and increased myocardial phosphorylation of Akt, in concert with decreased phospholamban phosphorylation. WD also resulted in focal cardiomyocyte remodeling, characterized by areas of sarcomeric disorganization, loss of mitochondrial electron density, and mitochondrial fragmentation. Conversely, WD-induced DD and associated biochemical and structural abnormalities were prevented by ECMR deletion. In contrast with our previously reported observations in females, WD-fed male mice exhibited enhanced Akt signaling and a lower magnitude of cardiac injury. Collectively, our data support a critical role for ECMR in obesity-induced DD and suggest critical mechanistic differences in the genesis of DD between males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annayya Aroor
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Affairs Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Vincent G DeMarco
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Affairs Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Adam T Whaley-Connell
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Affairs Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Guanghong Jia
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Yan Yang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Neekun Sharma
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Huma Naz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Affairs Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Chetan Hans
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Michael A Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - James R Sowers
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Affairs Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Guido Lastra
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Affairs Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
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McCallinhart PE, Lee YU, Lee A, Anghelescu M, Tonniges JR, Calomeni E, Agarwal G, Lincoln J, Trask AJ. Dissociation of pulse wave velocity and aortic wall stiffness in diabetic db/db mice: The influence of blood pressure. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1154454. [PMID: 37035668 PMCID: PMC10080125 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1154454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Vascular stiffness is a predictor of cardiovascular disease and pulse wave velocity (PWV) is the current standard for measuring in vivo vascular stiffness. Mean arterial pressure is the largest confounding variable to PWV; therefore, in this study we aimed to test the hypothesis that increased aortic PWV in type 2 diabetic mice is driven by increased blood pressure rather than vascular biomechanics. Methods and Results: Using a combination of in vivo PWV and ex vivo pressure myography, our data demonstrate no difference in ex vivo passive mechanics, including outer diameter, inner diameter, compliance (Db/db: 0.0094 ± 0.0018 mm2/mmHg vs. db/db: 0.0080 ± 0.0008 mm2/mmHg, p > 0.05 at 100 mmHg), and incremental modulus (Db/db: 801.52 ± 135.87 kPa vs. db/db: 838.12 ± 44.90 kPa, p > 0.05 at 100 mmHg), in normal versus diabetic 16 week old mice. We further report no difference in basal or active aorta biomechanics in normal versus diabetic 16 week old mice. Finally, we show here that the increase in diabetic in vivo aortic pulse wave velocity at baseline was completely abolished when measured at equivalent pharmacologically-modulated blood pressures, indicating that the elevated PWV was attributed to the concomitant increase in blood pressure at baseline, and therefore "stiffness." Conclusions: Together, these animal model data suggest an intimate regulation of blood pressure during collection of pulse wave velocity when determining in vivo vascular stiffness. These data further indicate caution should be exerted when interpreting elevated PWV as the pure marker of vascular stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia E. McCallinhart
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yong Ung Lee
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Tissue Engineering Program and Surgical Research, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Avione Lee
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Tissue Engineering Program and Surgical Research, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mircea Anghelescu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine (PCOM), Suwanee, GA, United States
| | - Jeffrey R. Tonniges
- Biophysics Graduate Program at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ed Calomeni
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Gunjan Agarwal
- Biophysics Graduate Program at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Joy Lincoln
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Aaron J. Trask
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Aaron J. Trask,
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Mineralocorticoid Receptor Activation in Vascular Insulin Resistance and Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168954. [PMID: 36012219 PMCID: PMC9409140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic insulin resistance is characterized by reduced insulin metabolic signaling and glucose intolerance. Mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs), the principal receptors for the hormone aldosterone, play an important role in regulating renal sodium handling and blood pressure. Recent studies suggest that MRs also exist in tissues outside the kidney, including vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, perivascular adipose tissue, and immune cells. Risk factors, including excessive salt intake/salt sensitivity, hypertension, and obesity, can lead to the activation of vascular MRs to promote inflammation, oxidative stress, remodeling, and fibrosis, as well as cardiovascular stiffening and microcirculatory impairment. These pathophysiological changes are associated with a diminished ability of insulin to initiate appropriate intracellular signaling events, resulting in a reduced glucose uptake within the microcirculation and related vascular insulin resistance. Therefore, the pharmacological inhibition of MR activation provides a potential therapeutic option for improving vascular function, glucose uptake, and vascular insulin sensitivity. This review highlights recent experimental and clinical data that support the contribution of abnormal MR activation to the development of vascular insulin resistance and dysfunction.
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Conway-O'Donnell CK, Chesler NC. The stronger sex, until menopause: Understanding the impact of estrogen loss on heart function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H128-H129. [PMID: 35657615 PMCID: PMC9236857 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00270.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra K Conway-O'Donnell
- University of California, Irvine- Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Naomi C Chesler
- University of California, Irvine- Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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Bauersachs J, Lother A. Mineralocorticoid receptor activation and antagonism in cardiovascular disease: cellular and molecular mechanisms. Kidney Int Suppl (2011) 2022; 12:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kisu.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Habibi J, DeMarco VG, Hulse JL, Hayden MR, Whaley-Connell A, Hill MA, Sowers JR, Jia G. Inhibition of sphingomyelinase attenuates diet - Induced increases in aortic stiffness. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 167:32-39. [PMID: 35331697 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sphingomyelinases ensure ceramide production and play an integral role in cell turnover, inward budding of vesicles and outward release of exosomes. Recent data indicate a unique role for neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) in the control of ceramide-dependent exosome release and inflammatory pathways. Further, while inhibition of nSMase in vascular tissue attenuates the progression of atherosclerosis, little is known regarding its role on metabolic signaling and arterial vasomotor function. Accordingly, we hypothesized that nSMase inhibition with GW4869, would attenuate Western diet (WD) - induced increases in aortic stiffness through alterations in pathways which lead to oxidative stress, inflammation and vascular remodeling. Six week-old female C57BL/6L mice were fed either a WD containing excess fat (46%) and fructose (17.5%) for 16 weeks or a standard chow diet (CD). Mice were variably treated with GW4869 (2.0 μg/g body weight, intraperitoneal injection every 48 h for 12 weeks). WD feeding increased nSMase2 expression and activation while causing aortic stiffening and impaired vasorelaxation as determined by pulse wave velocity (PWV) and wire myography, respectively. Moreover, these functional abnormalities were associated with aortic remodeling and attenuated AMP-activated protein kinase, Sirtuin 1, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation. GW4869 treatment prevented the WD-induced increases in nSMase activation, PWV, and impaired endothelium dependent/independent vascular relaxation. GW4869 also inhibited WD-induced aortic CD36 expression, lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, as well as aortic remodeling. These findings indicate that targeting nSMase prevents diet - induced aortic stiffening and impaired vascular relaxation by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation and adverse vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Habibi
- Department of Medicine - Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Vincent G DeMarco
- Department of Medicine - Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Jack L Hulse
- Department of Medicine - Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- Department of Medicine - Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Adam Whaley-Connell
- Department of Medicine - Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Medicine - Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Michael A Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Department of Medicine - Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Medicine - Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Guanghong Jia
- Department of Medicine - Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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Habibi J, Chen D, Hulse JL, Whaley-Connell A, Sowers JR, Jia G. Targeting mineralocorticoid receptors in diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 322:R253-R262. [PMID: 35107025 PMCID: PMC8896998 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00316.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation plays an important role in hepatic insulin resistance. However, the precise mechanisms by which MR activation promotes hepatic insulin resistance remains unclear. Therefore, we sought to investigate the roles and mechanisms by which MR activation promotes Western diet (WD)-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. Six-week-old C57BL6J mice were fed either mouse chow or a WD, high in saturated fat and refined carbohydrates, with or without the MR antagonist spironolactone (1 mg/kg/day) for 16 wk. WD feeding resulted in systemic insulin resistance at 8 and 16 wk. WD also induced impaired hepatic insulin metabolic signaling via phosphoinositide 3-kinases/protein kinase B pathways, which was associated with increased hepatic CD36, fatty acid transport proteins, fatty acid-binding protein-1, and hepatic steatosis. Meanwhile, consumption of a WD-induced hepatic mitochondria dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses. These abnormalities occurring in response to WD feeding were blunted with spironolactone treatment. Moreover, spironolactone promoted white adipose tissue browning and hepatic glucose transporter type 4 expression. These data suggest that enhanced hepatic MR signaling mediates diet-induced hepatic steatosis and dysregulation of adipose tissue browning, and subsequent hepatic mitochondria dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, as well as hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Habibi
- 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri,3Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Dongqing Chen
- 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri,3Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jack L. Hulse
- 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri,3Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Adam Whaley-Connell
- 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri,2Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri,3Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | - James R. Sowers
- 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri,2Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri,3Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri,4Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri,5Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Guanghong Jia
- 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri,3Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri,4Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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Barrera-Chimal J, Bonnard B, Jaisser F. Roles of Mineralocorticoid Receptors in Cardiovascular and Cardiorenal Diseases. Annu Rev Physiol 2022; 84:585-610. [PMID: 35143332 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-060821-013950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation in the heart and vessels leads to pathological effects, such as excessive extracellular matrix accumulation, oxidative stress, and sustained inflammation. In these organs, the MR is expressed in cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and inflammatory cells. We review the accumulating experimental and clinical evidence that pharmacological MR antagonism has a positive impact on a battery of cardiac and vascular pathological states, including heart failure, myocardial infarction, arrhythmic diseases, atherosclerosis, vascular stiffness, and cardiac and vascular injury linked to metabolic comorbidities and chronic kidney disease. Moreover, we present perspectives on optimization of the use of MR antagonists in patients more likely to respond to such therapy and review the evidence suggesting that novel nonsteroidal MR antagonists offer an improved safety profile while retaining their cardiovascular protective effects. Finally, we highlight future therapeutic applications of MR antagonists in cardiovascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Barrera-Chimal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Fisiología Cardiovascular y Trasplante Renal, Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INC, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Benjamin Bonnard
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France;
| | - Frederic Jaisser
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France; .,INSERM Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, UMR 1116, CHRU de Nancy, French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN INI-CRCT), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
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19
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Ramirez-Perez FI, Cabral-Amador FJ, Whaley-Connell AT, Aroor AR, Morales-Quinones M, Woodford ML, Ghiarone T, Ferreira-Santos L, Jurrissen TJ, Manrique-Acevedo CM, Jia G, DeMarco VG, Padilla J, Martinez-Lemus LA, Lastra G. Cystamine reduces vascular stiffness in Western diet-fed female mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H167-H180. [PMID: 34890280 PMCID: PMC8742720 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00431.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of diets high in fat, sugar, and salt (Western diet, WD) is associated with accelerated arterial stiffening, a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Women with obesity are more prone to develop arterial stiffening leading to more frequent and severe CVD compared with men. As tissue transglutaminase (TG2) has been implicated in vascular stiffening, our goal herein was to determine the efficacy of cystamine, a nonspecific TG2 inhibitor, at reducing vascular stiffness in female mice chronically fed a WD. Three experimental groups of female mice were created. One was fed regular chow diet (CD) for 43 wk starting at 4 wk of age. The second was fed a WD for the same 43 wk, whereas a third cohort was fed WD, but also received cystamine (216 mg/kg/day) in the drinking water during the last 8 wk on the diet (WD + C). All vascular stiffness parameters assessed, including aortic pulse wave velocity and the incremental modulus of elasticity of isolated femoral and mesenteric arteries, were significantly increased in WD- versus CD-fed mice, and reduced in WD + C versus WD-fed mice. These changes coincided with respectively augmented and diminished vascular wall collagen and F-actin content, with no associated effect in blood pressure. In cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells, cystamine reduced TG2 activity, F-actin:G-actin ratio, collagen compaction capacity, and cellular stiffness. We conclude that cystamine treatment represents an effective approach to reduce vascular stiffness in female mice in the setting of WD consumption, likely because of its TG2 inhibitory capacity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study evaluates the novel role of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) inhibition to directly treat vascular stiffness. Our data demonstrate that cystamine, a nonspecific TG2 inhibitor, improves vascular stiffness induced by a diet rich in fat, fructose, and salt. This research suggests that TG2 inhibition might bear therapeutic potential to reduce the disproportionate burden of cardiovascular disease in females in conditions of chronic overnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco I. Ramirez-Perez
- 1Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri,2Biomedical, Biological, and Chemical Engineering Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - Adam T. Whaley-Connell
- 3Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial
Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri,4Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri,5Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Annayya R. Aroor
- 3Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial
Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri,5Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - Makenzie L. Woodford
- 1Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Thaysa Ghiarone
- 1Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Larissa Ferreira-Santos
- 1Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri,6Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de
Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade
de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thomas J. Jurrissen
- 1Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri,7Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Camila M. Manrique-Acevedo
- 1Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri,3Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial
Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri,5Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - GuangHong Jia
- 3Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial
Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri,5Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Vincent G. DeMarco
- 3Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial
Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri,4Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri,5Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri,8Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jaume Padilla
- 1Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri,7Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Luis A. Martinez-Lemus
- 1Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri,2Biomedical, Biological, and Chemical Engineering Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri,8Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Guido Lastra
- 3Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial
Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri,5Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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20
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González-Blázquez R, Alcalá M, Cárdenas-Rebollo JM, Viana M, Steckelings UM, Boisvert WA, Unger T, Fernández-Alfonso MS, Somoza B, Gil-Ortega M. AT2R stimulation with C21 prevents arterial stiffening and endothelial dysfunction in the abdominal aorta from mice fed a high-fat diet. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2763-2780. [PMID: 34854902 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Compound 21 (C21), a selective AT2R agonist, on the prevention of endothelial dysfunction, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and arterial stiffness associated with diet-induced obesity (DIO). Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a standard (Chow) or high-fat diet (HF) for 6 weeks. Half of the animals of each group were simultaneously treated with C21 (1 mg/kg/day, in the drinking water), generating four groups: Chow C, Chow C21, HF C, and HF C21. Vascular function and mechanical properties were determined in the abdominal aorta. To evaluate ECM remodeling, collagen deposition and TGF-β1 concentrations were determined in the abdominal aorta and the activity of metalloproteinases (MMP) 2 and 9 was analyzed in the plasma. Abdominal aortas from HF C mice showed endothelial dysfunction as well as enhanced contractile but reduced relaxant responses to Ang II. This effect was abrogated with C21 treatment by preserving NO availability. A left-shift in the tension-stretch relationship, paralleled by an augmented β-index (marker of intrinsic arterial stiffness), and enhanced collagen deposition and MMP-2/-9 activities were also detected in HF mice. However, when treated with C21, HF mice exhibited lower TGF-β1 levels in abdominal aortas together with reduced MMP activities and collagen deposition compared with HF C mice. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that AT2R stimulation by C21 in obesity preserves NO availability and prevents unhealthy vascular remodeling, thus protecting the abdominal aorta in HF mice against the development of endothelial dysfunction, ECM remodeling and arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel González-Blázquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martín Alcalá
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Miguel Cárdenas-Rebollo
- Departamento de Matemática Aplicada y Estadística. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales. Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Viana
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ulrike Muscha Steckelings
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - William A Boisvert
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street, BSB311, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Str., Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Thomas Unger
- CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - María S Fernández-Alfonso
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Unidad de Cartografía Cerebral, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Somoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gil-Ortega
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Tzelefa V, Tsirimiagkou C, Argyris A, Moschonis G, Perogiannakis G, Yannakoulia M, Sfikakis P, Protogerou AD, Karatzi K. Associations of dietary patterns with blood pressure and markers of subclinical arterial damage in adults with risk factors for CVD. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:6075-6084. [PMID: 34392855 PMCID: PMC11148598 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021003499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Unhealthy diet is a modifiable risk factor leading to subclinical arterial damage (SAD), high BP and CVD. It was aimed to investigate the possible associations of dietary patterns (DPs) with SAD in adults having multiple CVD risk factors. DESIGN Dietary intake was evaluated through two 24-h dietary recalls and principal component analysis was used to identify DPs. Oscillometry, applanation tonometry with pulse wave analysis and carotid ultrasound were used to assess peripheral and aortic BP, arterial stiffness and pressure wave reflections. SETTING Laiko University Hospital, Athens, Greece. PARTICIPANTS A total of 470 individuals (53·1 ± 14·2 years) with CVD risk factors were enrolled. RESULTS A pattern characterised by increased consumption of whole-grain cereals, white meat and reduced consumption of sugar was positively associated with common carotid compliance (β = 0·01, 95 % CI 0·00, 0·01), whereas a pattern high in refined cereals, red and processed meat was positively associated with brachial but not aortic systolic pressure (β = 1·76, 95 % CI 0·11, 3·42) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) (β = 1·18, 95 % CI 0·02, -2·38). Low consumption of low-fat dairy products, high consumption of full-fat cheese and butter was positively associated with MAP (β = 0·97, 95 % CI 0·01, 1·95). Increased consumption of vegetables, fruits, fresh juices, fish and seafood was inversely associated with augmentation index (AIx) (β = -1·01, 95 % CI -1·93, -0·09). CONCLUSION Consumption of whole grains, white meat, fruits/vegetables, fish/seafood and avoidance of sugar was associated with improved SAD. Preference in refined grains, red/processed meat, high-fat cheese/butter and low intake of low-fat dairy products were associated with BP elevation. Future studies are needed to confirm the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Tzelefa
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Greece
| | - Christiana Tsirimiagkou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Greece
- Cardiovascular Prevention & Research Unit, Clinic & Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Argyris
- Cardiovascular Prevention & Research Unit, Clinic & Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - George Moschonis
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - George Perogiannakis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Sfikakis
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, 1st Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Athens University Medical School, Laiko Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanase D Protogerou
- Cardiovascular Prevention & Research Unit, Clinic & Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
- Hellenic Foundation for Cardiovascular Health and Nutrition, Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Karatzi
- Hellenic Foundation for Cardiovascular Health and Nutrition, Athens, Greece
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece Iera Odos 75, 118 55Athens, Greece
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22
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Bauersachs J, López-Andrés N. Mineralocorticoid receptor in cardiovascular diseases-Clinical trials and mechanistic insights. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:3119-3134. [PMID: 34643952 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldosterone binds to the mineralocorticoid receptor (NR3C2), a transcription factor of the nuclear receptor family, present in the kidney and in various other non-epithelial cells including the heart and the vasculature. Indeed, extra-renal pathophysiological effects of this hormone have been characterized, extending its actions to the cardiovascular system. A growing body of clinical and pre-clinical evidence suggests that mineralocorticoid receptor overactivation plays an important pathophysiological role in cardiovascular remodelling by promoting cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, arterial stiffness and in inflammation and oxidative stress. The following review article outlines the role of mineralocorticoid receptor in cardiovascular disease with a focus on myocardial remodelling and heart failure (HF) including clinical trials as well as cellular and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Natalia López-Andrés
- Cardiovascular Translational Research. Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain
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23
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Victorio JA, Guizoni DM, Freitas IN, Araujo TR, Davel AP. Effects of High-Fat and High-Fat/High-Sucrose Diet-Induced Obesity on PVAT Modulation of Vascular Function in Male and Female Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:720224. [PMID: 34566644 PMCID: PMC8460896 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.720224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased adiposity in perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has been related to vascular dysfunction. High-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity models are often used to analyze the translational impact of obesity, but differences in sex and Western diet type complicate comparisons between studies. The role of PVAT was investigated in small mesenteric arteries (SMAs) of male and female mice fed a HF or a HF plus high-sucrose (HF + HS) diet for 3 or 5 months and compared them to age/sex-matched mice fed a chow diet. Vascular responses of SMAs without (PVAT-) or with PVAT (PVAT+) were evaluated. HF and HF + HS diets increased body weight, adiposity, and fasting glucose and insulin levels without affecting blood pressure and circulating adiponectin levels in both sexes. HF or HF + HS diet impaired PVAT anticontractile effects in SMAs from females but not males. PVAT-mediated endothelial dysfunction in SMAs from female mice after 3 months of a HF + HS diet, whereas in males, this effect was observed only after 5 months of HF + HS diet. However, PVAT did not impact acetylcholine-induced relaxation in SMAs from both sexes fed HF diet. The findings suggest that the addition of sucrose to a HF diet accelerates PVAT dysfunction in both sexes. PVAT dysfunction in response to both diets was observed early in females compared to age-matched males suggesting a susceptibility of the female sex to PVAT-mediated vascular complications in the setting of obesity. The data illustrate the importance of the duration and composition of obesogenic diets for investigating sex-specific treatments and pharmacological targets for obesity-induced vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamaira A Victorio
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Daniele M Guizoni
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Israelle N Freitas
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Thiago R Araujo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center-OCRC, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana P Davel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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24
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Iacoviello M, Vitale E, Corbo MD, Correale M, Brunetti ND. Disease-modifier Drugs in Patients with Advanced Heart Failure: How to Optimize Their Use? Heart Fail Clin 2021; 17:561-573. [PMID: 34511205 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Therapy based on disease-modifier drugs is among the required criteria to diagnose advanced heart failure (AdvHF). Nevertheless, several conditions, such as hospitalization, hypotension, renal dysfunction, electrolyte abnormalities, medical inertia, and patients' adherence, can make the maintenance of optimal medical therapy in patients with AdvHF challenging. Moreover, in recent years, new classes of drugs able have been shown to be able to further modify the natural history of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, but they are still not widely adopted. This article discusses the optimal use of disease-modifier drugs in patients with AdvHF as well as the possible usefulness of the new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Iacoviello
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Luigi Pinto 1, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Enrica Vitale
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Luigi Pinto 1, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Delia Corbo
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Luigi Pinto 1, Foggia, Italy
| | - Michele Correale
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Luigi Pinto 1, Foggia, Italy
| | - Natale Daniele Brunetti
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Luigi Pinto 1, Foggia, Italy
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25
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Aryal SR, Siddiqui M, Sharifov OF, Coffin MD, Zhang B, Gaddam KK, Gupta H, Denney TS, Dell'Italia LJ, Oparil S, Calhoun DA, Lloyd SG. Spironolactone Reduces Aortic Stiffness in Patients With Resistant Hypertension Independent of Blood Pressure Change. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e019434. [PMID: 34459249 PMCID: PMC8649301 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.019434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events in patients with arterial hypertension. Resistant hypertension is often linked to hyperaldosteronism and associated with adverse outcomes. Spironolactone, a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, has been shown to reduce both the arterial blood pressure (BP) and aortic stiffness in resistant hypertension. However, the mechanism of aortic stiffness reduction by spironolactone is not well understood. We hypothesized that spironolactone reduces aortic stiffness in resistant hypertension independently of BP change. Methods and Results Patients with uncontrolled BP (≥140/90 mm Hg) despite use of ≥3 antihypertensive medications (including diuretics) were prospectively recruited. Participants were started on spironolactone at 25 mg/d, and increased to 50 mg/d at 4 weeks while other antihypertensive medications were withdrawn to maintain constant mean BP. Phase‐contrast cardiac magnetic resonance imaging of the ascending aorta was performed in 30 participants at baseline and after 6 months of spironolactone treatment to measure aortic pulsatility, distensibility, and pulse wave velocity. Pulse wave velocity decreased (6.3±2.3 m/s to 4.5±1.8 m/s, P<0.001) and pulsatility and distensibility increased (15.9%±5.3% to 22.1%±7.9%, P<0.001; and 0.28%±0.10%/mm Hg to 0.40%±0.14%/mm Hg, P<0.001, respectively) following 6 months of spironolactone. Conclusions Our results suggest that spironolactone improves aortic properties in resistant hypertension independently of BP, which may support the hypothesis of an effect of aldosterone on the arterial wall. A larger prospective study is needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeep R Aryal
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL
| | - Mohammed Siddiqui
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL
| | - Oleg F Sharifov
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL
| | - Megan D Coffin
- School of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL
| | - Bin Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH.,Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH
| | - Krishna K Gaddam
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL
| | | | - Thomas S Denney
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Auburn University Auburn AL
| | - Louis J Dell'Italia
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL.,VA Medical Center Birmingham AL
| | - Suzanne Oparil
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL.,Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL
| | - David A Calhoun
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL
| | - Steven G Lloyd
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL.,VA Medical Center Birmingham AL
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26
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Zhang J, Yuan HK, Chen S, Zhang ZR. Detrimental or beneficial: Role of endothelial ENaC in vascular function. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:29-48. [PMID: 34279047 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the past, it was believed that the expression of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) was restricted to epithelial tissues, such as the distal nephron, airway, sweat glands, and colon, where it is critical for sodium homeostasis. Over the past two decades, this paradigm has shifted due to the finding that ENaC is also expressed in various nonepithelial tissues, notably in vascular endothelial cells. In this review, the recent findings of the expression, regulation, and function of the endothelial ENaC (EnNaC) are discussed. The expression of EnNaC subunits is reported in a variety of endothelial cell lines and vasculatures, but this is controversial across different species and vessels and is not a universal finding in all vascular beds. The expression density of EnNaC is very faint compared to ENaC in the epithelium. To date, little is known about the regulatory mechanism of EnNaC. Through it can be regulated by aldosterone, the detailed downstream signaling remains elusive. EnNaC responds to increased extracellular sodium with the feedforward activation mechanism, which is quite different from the Na+ self-inhibition mechanism of ENaC. Functionally, EnNaC was shown to be a determinant of cellular mechanics and vascular tone as it can sense shear stress, and its activation or insertion into plasma membrane causes endothelial stiffness and reduced nitric oxide production. However, in some blood vessels, EnNaC is essential for maintaining the integrity of endothelial barrier function. In this context, we discuss the possible reasons for the distinct role of EnNaC in vasculatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui-Kai Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, China
| | - Zhi-Ren Zhang
- Departments of Pharmacy and Cardiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Metabolic Disorder & Cancer Related Cardiovascular Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, Harbin Medical University & Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, Harbin, China
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27
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Boateng SY, Olfert IM, Chantler PD. Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue and Exercise on Arterial Function with Obesity. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2021; 49:188-196. [PMID: 33831902 PMCID: PMC8195847 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue and arterial dysfunction are common in the obese state. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) plays an important role in mediating arterial health, and with obesity, the PVAT dysfunction negatively affects arterial health. Exercise training exerts direct and beneficial effects on PVAT, providing an additional and novel pathway by which exercise can improve arterial health in diseased populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Y Boateng
- Biological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, UK
| | - I. Mark Olfert
- Department of Human Performance, Division of Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, USA
- West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute (WVCTSI), Morgantown, WV
| | - Paul D Chantler
- Department of Human Performance, Division of Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, USA
- West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute (WVCTSI), Morgantown, WV
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28
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Al Dhaybi O, Bakris GL. Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists-Evidence for Kidney Protection, Trials With Novel Agents. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2021; 28:371-377. [PMID: 34922693 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The area of aldosterone blockade has exploded in the last decade with the development of four new compounds of a different class referred to as nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs). Their chemistry and clinical charatcteristics are distinctly different from their steroidal cousins. Apart from blocking aldosterone activity, albeit in a different way than the steroidal MRAs, they have much less blood pressure (BP) effects and are better tolerated. The spectrum of nonsteroidal MRAs includes one agent with significant BP reduction, KBP-5074, to agents with minimal BP effects yet have demonstrated significant cardiorenal risk reduction in diabetic kidney disease, finerenone. The paper reviews the development and pharmacology of these different agents and tries to provide a perspective as to their place in the spectrum of aldosterone excess disorders.
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29
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Para I, Albu A, Porojan MD. Adipokines and Arterial Stiffness in Obesity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57070653. [PMID: 34202323 PMCID: PMC8305474 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57070653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipokines are active molecules with pleiotropic effects produced by adipose tissue and involved in obesity-related metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Arterial stiffness, which is a consequence of arteriosclerosis, has been shown to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of arterial stiffness is complex but incompletely understood. Adipokines dysregulation may induce, by various mechanisms, vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and vascular remodeling, leading to increased arterial stiffness. This article summarizes literature data regarding adipokine-related pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the development of arterial stiffness, particularly in obesity, as well as the results of clinical and epidemiological studies which investigated the relationship between adipokines and arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Para
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adriana Albu
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Mihai D. Porojan
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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30
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Pieronne‐Deperrois M, Guéret A, Djerada Z, Crochemore C, Harouki N, Henry J, Dumesnil A, Larchevêque M, do Rego J, do Rego J, Nicol L, Richard V, Jaisser F, Kolkhof P, Mulder P, Monteil C, Ouvrard‐Pascaud A. Mineralocorticoid receptor blockade with finerenone improves heart function and exercise capacity in ovariectomized mice. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:1933-1943. [PMID: 33742556 PMCID: PMC8120350 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS In post-menopausal women, incidence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is higher than in men. Hormonal replacement therapies did not demonstrate benefits. We tested whether the non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone limits the progression of heart failure in ovariectomized (OVX) mice with metabolic disorders. METHODS AND RESULTS Ovariectomy was performed in 4-month-old mice, treated or not at 7 months old for 1 month with finerenone (Fine) 1 mg/kg/day. Left ventricular (LV) cardiac and coronary endothelial functions were assessed by echocardiography, catheterization, and myography. Blood pressure was measured by plethysmography. Insulin and glucose tolerance tests were performed. Exercise capacity and spontaneous activity were measured on treadmill and in combined indirect calorimetric cages equipped with voluntary running wheel. OVX mice presented LV diastolic dysfunction without modification of ejection fraction compared with controls (CTL), whereas finerenone improved LV filling pressure (LV end-diastolic pressure, mmHg: CTL 3.48 ± 0.41, OVX 6.17 ± 0.30**, OVX + Fine 3.65 ± 0.55† , **P < 0.01 vs. CTL, † P < 0.05 vs. OVX) and compliance (LV end-diastolic pressure-volume relation, mmHg/RVU: CTL 1.65 ± 0.42, OVX 4.77 ± 0.37***, OVX + Fine 2.87 ± 0.26†† , ***P < 0.001 vs. CTL, †† P < 0.01 vs. OVX). Acetylcholine-induced endothelial-dependent relaxation of coronary arteries was impaired in ovariectomized mice and improved by finerenone (relaxation, %: CTL 86 ± 8, OVX 38 ± 3**, OVX + Fine 83 ± 7†† , **P < 0.01 vs. CTL, †† P < 0.01 vs. OVX). Finerenone improved decreased ATP production by subsarcolemmal mitochondria after ovariectomy. Weight gain, increased blood pressure, and decreased insulin and glucose tolerance in OVX mice were improved by finerenone. The exercise capacity at race was diminished in untreated OVX mice only. Spontaneous activity measurements in ovariectomized mice showed decreased horizontal movements, reduced time spent in a running wheel, and reduced VO2 and VCO2 , all parameters improved by finerenone. CONCLUSIONS Finerenone improved cardiovascular dysfunction and exercise capacity after ovariectomy-induced LV diastolic dysfunction with preserved ejection fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre Guéret
- Inserm U1096 ENVI, Rouen Medical School, UNIROUEN, Normandy UniversityRouenFrance
| | - Zoubir Djerada
- Pharmacology DepartmentReims University HospitalReimsFrance
| | - Clément Crochemore
- EA4651 Toxemac‐ABTE, Rouen Medical School, UNIROUEN, Normandy UniversityRouenFrance
| | - Najah Harouki
- Inserm U1096 ENVI, Rouen Medical School, UNIROUEN, Normandy UniversityRouenFrance
| | - Jean‐Paul Henry
- Inserm U1096 ENVI, Rouen Medical School, UNIROUEN, Normandy UniversityRouenFrance
| | - Anaïs Dumesnil
- Inserm U1096 ENVI, Rouen Medical School, UNIROUEN, Normandy UniversityRouenFrance
| | - Marine Larchevêque
- Inserm U1096 ENVI, Rouen Medical School, UNIROUEN, Normandy UniversityRouenFrance
| | - Jean‐Claude do Rego
- SCAC Behavioral Analysis Platform, Rouen Medical School, UNIROUEN, Normandy UniversityRouenFrance
| | - Jean‐Luc do Rego
- SCAC Behavioral Analysis Platform, Rouen Medical School, UNIROUEN, Normandy UniversityRouenFrance
| | - Lionel Nicol
- Inserm U1096 ENVI, Rouen Medical School, UNIROUEN, Normandy UniversityRouenFrance
| | - Vincent Richard
- Inserm U1096 ENVI, Rouen Medical School, UNIROUEN, Normandy UniversityRouenFrance
| | - Frédéric Jaisser
- Inserm U1138, Cordeliers Institute, Paris‐VI UniversityParisFrance
| | | | - Paul Mulder
- Inserm U1096 ENVI, Rouen Medical School, UNIROUEN, Normandy UniversityRouenFrance
| | - Christelle Monteil
- EA4651 Toxemac‐ABTE, Rouen Medical School, UNIROUEN, Normandy UniversityRouenFrance
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Mineralocorticoid receptor blockade normalizes coronary resistance in obese swine independent of functional alterations in K v channels. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:35. [PMID: 34018061 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00879-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Impaired coronary microvascular function (e.g., reduced dilation and coronary flow reserve) predicts cardiac mortality in obesity, yet underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies remain poorly understood. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonism improves coronary microvascular function in obese humans and animals. Whether MR blockade improves in vivo regulation of coronary flow, a process involving voltage-dependent K+ (Kv) channel activation, or reduces coronary structural remodeling in obesity is unclear. Thus, the goals of this investigation were to determine the effects of obesity on coronary responsiveness to reductions in arterial PO2 and potential involvement of Kv channels and whether the benefit of MR blockade involves improved coronary Kv function or altered passive structural properties of the coronary microcirculation. Hypoxemia increased coronary blood flow similarly in lean and obese swine; however, baseline coronary vascular resistance was significantly higher in obese swine. Inhibition of Kv channels reduced coronary blood flow and augmented coronary resistance under baseline conditions in lean but not obese swine and had no impact on hypoxemic coronary vasodilation. Chronic MR inhibition in obese swine normalized baseline coronary resistance, did not influence hypoxemic coronary vasodilation, and did not restore coronary Kv function (assessed in vivo, ex vivo, and via patch clamping). Lastly, MR blockade prevented obesity-associated coronary arteriolar stiffening independent of cardiac capillary density and changes in cardiac function. These data indicate that chronic MR inhibition prevents increased coronary resistance in obesity independent of Kv channel function and is associated with mitigation of obesity-mediated coronary arteriolar stiffening.
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Biwer LA, Carvajal BV, Lu Q, Man JJ, Jaffe IZ. Mineralocorticoid and Estrogen Receptors in Endothelial Cells Coordinately Regulate Microvascular Function in Obese Female Mice. Hypertension 2021; 77:2117-2126. [PMID: 33934622 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Biwer
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (L.A.B., B.V.C., Q.L., J.J.M., I.Z.J.)
| | - Brigett V Carvajal
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (L.A.B., B.V.C., Q.L., J.J.M., I.Z.J.).,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston MA (B.V.C., J.J.M., I.Z.J.)
| | - Qing Lu
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (L.A.B., B.V.C., Q.L., J.J.M., I.Z.J.)
| | - Joshua J Man
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (L.A.B., B.V.C., Q.L., J.J.M., I.Z.J.).,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston MA (B.V.C., J.J.M., I.Z.J.)
| | - Iris Z Jaffe
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (L.A.B., B.V.C., Q.L., J.J.M., I.Z.J.).,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston MA (B.V.C., J.J.M., I.Z.J.)
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33
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Stucker S, De Angelis J, Kusumbe AP. Heterogeneity and Dynamics of Vasculature in the Endocrine System During Aging and Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 12:624928. [PMID: 33767633 PMCID: PMC7987104 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.624928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocrine system consists of several highly vascularized glands that produce and secrete hormones to maintain body homeostasis and regulate a range of bodily functions and processes, including growth, metabolism and development. The dense and highly vascularized capillary network functions as the main transport system for hormones and regulatory factors to enable efficient endocrine function. The specialized capillary types provide the microenvironments to support stem and progenitor cells, by regulating their survival, maintenance and differentiation. Moreover, the vasculature interacts with endocrine cells supporting their endocrine function. However, the structure and niche function of vasculature in endocrine tissues remain poorly understood. Aging and endocrine disorders are associated with vascular perturbations. Understanding the cellular and molecular cues driving the disease, and age-related vascular perturbations hold potential to manage or even treat endocrine disorders and comorbidities associated with aging. This review aims to describe the structure and niche functions of the vasculature in various endocrine glands and define the vascular changes in aging and endocrine disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anjali P. Kusumbe
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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34
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Oxidative Stress and Vascular Damage in the Context of Obesity: The Hidden Guest. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030406. [PMID: 33800427 PMCID: PMC7999611 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular system plays a central role in the transport of cells, oxygen and nutrients between different regions of the body, depending on the needs, as well as of metabolic waste products for their elimination. While the structure of different components of the vascular system varies, these structures, especially those of main arteries and arterioles, can be affected by the presence of different cardiovascular risk factors, including obesity. This vascular remodeling is mainly characterized by a thickening of the media layer as a consequence of changes in smooth muscle cells or excessive fibrosis accumulation. These vascular changes associated with obesity can trigger functional alterations, with endothelial dysfunction and vascular stiffness being especially common features of obese vessels. These changes can also lead to impaired tissue perfusion that may affect multiple tissues and organs. In this review, we focus on the role played by perivascular adipose tissue, the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the vascular dysfunction associated with obesity. In addition, the participation of oxidative stress in this vascular damage, which can be produced in the perivascular adipose tissue as well as in other components of the vascular wall, is updated.
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35
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Jia G, Lockette W, Sowers JR. Mineralocorticoid receptors in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and related disorders: from basic studies to clinical disease. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 320:R276-R286. [PMID: 33438511 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00280.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aldosterone is a steroid hormone that regulates blood pressure and cardiovascular function by acting on renal and vascular mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) to promote sodium retention and modulate endothelial function. Indeed, MRs are expressed in endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, adipocytes, immune cells, skeletal muscle cells, and cardiomyocytes. Excessive aldosterone and associated MR activation impair insulin secretion, insulin metabolic signaling to promote development of diabetes, and the related cardiometabolic syndrome. These adverse effects of aldosterone are mediated, in part, via increased inflammation, oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, and ectopic fat deposition. Therefore, inhibition of MR activation may have a beneficial effect in prevention of impaired insulin metabolic signaling, type 2 diabetes, and cardiometabolic disorders. This review highlights findings from the recent surge in research regarding MR-related cardiometabolic disorders as well as our contemporary understanding of the detrimental effects of excess MR activation on insulin metabolic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Jia
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Research Service, Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Warren Lockette
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medicine and Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - James R Sowers
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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36
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Ferreira JP, Verdonschot J, Wang P, Pizard A, Collier T, Ahmed FZ, Brunner-La-Rocca HP, Clark AL, Cosmi F, Cuthbert J, Díez J, Edelmann F, Girerd N, González A, Grojean S, Hazebroek M, Khan J, Latini R, Mamas MA, Mariottoni B, Mujaj B, Pellicori P, Petutschnigg J, Pieske B, Rossignol P, Rouet P, Staessen JA, Cleland JGF, Heymans S, Zannad F. Proteomic and Mechanistic Analysis of Spironolactone in Patients at Risk for HF. JACC-HEART FAILURE 2021; 9:268-277. [PMID: 33549556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to further understand the mechanisms underlying effect of spironolactone and assessed its impact on multiple plasma protein biomarkers and their respective underlying biologic pathways. BACKGROUND In addition to their beneficial effects in established heart failure (HF), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists may act upstream on mechanisms, preventing incident HF. In people at risk for developing HF, the HOMAGE (Heart OMics in AGEing) trial showed that spironolactone treatment could provide antifibrotic and antiremodeling effects, potentially slowing the progression to HF. METHODS Baseline, 1-month, and 9-month (or last visit) plasma samples of HOMAGE participants were measured for protein biomarkers (n = 276) by using Olink Proseek-Multiplex cardiovascular and inflammation panels (Olink, Uppsala, Sweden). The effect of spironolactone on biomarkers was assessed by analysis of covariance and explored by knowledge-based network analysis. RESULTS A total of 527 participants were enrolled; 265 were randomized to spironolactone (25 to 50 mg/day) and 262 to standard care ("control"). The median (interquartile range) age was 73 years (69 to 79 years), and 26% were female. Spironolactone reduced biomarkers of collagen metabolism (e.g., COL1A1, MMP-2); brain natriuretic peptide; and biomarkers related to metabolic processes (e.g., PAPPA), inflammation, and thrombosis (e.g., IL17A, VEGF, and urokinase). Spironolactone increased biomarkers that reflect the blockade of the mineralocorticoid receptor (e.g., renin) and increased the levels of adipokines involved in the anti-inflammatory response (e.g., RARRES2) and biomarkers of hemostasis maintenance (e.g., tPA, UPAR), myelosuppressive activity (e.g., CCL16), insulin suppression (e.g., RETN), and inflammatory regulation (e.g., IL-12B). CONCLUSIONS Proteomic analyses suggest that spironolactone exerts pleiotropic effects including reduction in fibrosis, inflammation, thrombosis, congestion, and vascular function improvement, all of which may mediate cardiovascular protective effects, potentially slowing progression toward heart failure. (HOMAGE [Bioprofiling Response to Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists for the Prevention of Heart Failure]; NCT02556450).
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Ferreira
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurithématique 1433, CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy, France.
| | - Job Verdonschot
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Pizard
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurithématique 1433, CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
| | - Timothy Collier
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fozia Z Ahmed
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew L Clark
- Department of Academic Cardiology, University of Hull, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Franco Cosmi
- Department of Cardiology, Cortona Hospital, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Joe Cuthbert
- Department of Academic Cardiology, University of Hull, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Díez
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Frank Edelmann
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas Girerd
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Arantxa González
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stéphanie Grojean
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurithématique 1433, CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
| | - Mark Hazebroek
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Javed Khan
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Latini
- Mario Negri Institute of Pharmacological Research-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Mamas A Mamas
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Blerim Mujaj
- Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pierpaolo Pellicori
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Petutschnigg
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Rossignol
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurithématique 1433, CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
| | - Philippe Rouet
- UMR UT3 CNRS 5288, Obesity and Heart Failure, Toulouse, France
| | - Jan A Staessen
- Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - John G F Cleland
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurithématique 1433, CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy, France.
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37
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Prevalence of obesity in women of different ages and its relationship with arterial stiffness. КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ПРАКТИКА 2020. [DOI: 10.17816/clinpract43114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. General and abdominal obesity is widespread among women in the Russian population. The relationship between obesity and arterial stiffness, as a predictor of the development of cardiovascular diseases, in women of different ages remains unclear. Aims: to study the relationship between obesity and arterial stiffness and dynamics of central aortic pressure in women of different ages with preserved and lost reproductive function. Methods. 161 women were examined and divided into 3 groups. Two groups included women with preserved reproductive function: group 1 consisted of 52 young women aged from 18 to 30 years (23.8 5.3 years); group 2 included 54 women aged from 31 years to the menopause (41 5.9 years). Group 3 included 55 postmenopausal women (55.4 5.8 years). All the women underwent a clinical examination with anthropometry; questioning; 24-hour monitoring of the dynamics of blood pressure with measuring the indicators of arterial stiffness and daily aortic central pressure; determination of the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV); study of vascular stiffness by volume sphygmography. Results. The anthropometric data in groups 2 and 3 were comparable in terms of the prevalence of general obesity (GO). Abdominal obesity (AO) was detected in 19.2% of the 1st group; 51.9% of the 2nd and 76.4% of the 3rd group. In the 1st group AO had the strongest correlation with the aortic pulse wave velocity PWVao (R = 0.41, p = 0.002) and the corrected to HR75 augmentation index Aixao (R = 0.38, p = 0.005). In the 2nd group AO correlates with cfPWV (R = 0.4, p = 0.003); GO with PWVao (R = 0.38, p = 0.005) and aortic cardio-ankle vascular index CAVIao (R = 0.48, p = 0.001). In the 2nd group AO and GO are also interconnected with the central and peripheral pressure. In the 3rd group AO correlates with PWVao (R = 0.33, p = 0.01), cfPWV (R = 0.32, p = 0.02); GO with the index of the double product IDP (R = 0.36, p = 0.01). Conclusions. Obesity, especially its abdominal type, is an important factor determining the development of vascular wall stiffness in women of the reproductive age. It is necessary to conduct a comprehensive assessment of arterial stiffness and daily dynamics of central aortic pressure in women of all ages, suffering from obesity and, first of all, its abdominal type, in order to early diagnose subclinical changes in the vascular wall and central hemodynamic disorders.
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38
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McCallinhart PE, Scandling BW, Trask AJ. Coronary remodeling and biomechanics: Are we going with the flow in 2020? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 320:H584-H592. [PMID: 33185115 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00634.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Under normal conditions, coronary blood flow (CBF) provides critical blood supply to the myocardium so that it can appropriately meet the metabolic demands of the body. Dogmatically, there exist several known regulators and modulators of CBF that include local metabolites and neurohormonal factors that can influence the function of the coronary circulation. In disease states such as diabetes and myocardial ischemia, these regulators are impaired or shifted such that CBF is reduced. Although functional considerations have been and continued to be well studied, more recent evidence builds upon established studies that collectively suggest that the relative roles of coronary structure, biomechanics, and the influence of cardiac biomechanics via extravascular compression may also play a significant role in dictating CBF. In this mini review, we discuss these regulators of CBF under normal and pathophysiological conditions and their potential influence on the control of CBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia E McCallinhart
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Heart Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Benjamin W Scandling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Aaron J Trask
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Heart Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
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Hill MA, Jaisser F, Sowers JR. Role of the vascular endothelial sodium channel activation in the genesis of pathologically increased cardiovascular stiffness. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 118:130-140. [PMID: 33188592 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) stiffening represents a complex series of events evolving from pathological changes in individual cells of the vasculature and heart which leads to overt tissue fibrosis. While vascular stiffening occurs naturally with ageing it is accelerated in states of insulin (INS) resistance, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. CV stiffening is clinically manifested as increased arterial pulse wave velocity and myocardial fibrosis-induced diastolic dysfunction. A key question that remains is how are these events mechanistically linked. In this regard, heightened activation of vascular mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) and hyperinsulinaemia occur in obesity and INS resistance states. Further, a downstream mediator of MR and INS receptor activation, the endothelial cell Na+ channel (EnNaC), has recently been identified as a key molecular determinant of endothelial dysfunction and CV fibrosis and stiffening. Increased activity of the EnNaC results in a number of negative consequences including stiffening of the cortical actin cytoskeleton in endothelial cells, impaired endothelial NO release, increased oxidative stress-meditated NO destruction, increased vascular permeability, and stimulation of an inflammatory environment. Such endothelial alterations impact vascular function and stiffening through regulation of vascular tone and stimulation of tissue remodelling including fibrosis. In the case of the heart, obesity and INS resistance are associated with coronary vascular endothelial stiffening and associated reductions in bioavailable NO leading to heart failure with preserved systolic function (HFpEF). After a brief discussion on mechanisms leading to vascular stiffness per se, this review then focuses on recent findings regarding the role of INS and aldosterone to enhance EnNaC activity and associated CV stiffness in obesity/INS resistance states. Finally, we discuss how coronary artery-mediated EnNaC activation may lead to cardiac fibrosis and HFpEF, a condition that is especially pronounced in obese and diabetic females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, 134 Research Park Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Frederic Jaisser
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - James R Sowers
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, 134 Research Park Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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40
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Abstract
: Hypertension is a worldwide known cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular complications such as stroke, myocardial infarction, renal complications and heart failure. Although the mechanisms of hypertension remain largely unknown, a recent new concept is that aortic stiffening is a cause of hypertension in middle-aged and older individuals, which highlighted the importance of aortic stiffening in the development of age-related hypertension. Understanding the pathogenesis of aortic stiffness therefore became one of the important approaches to preventing and controlling hypertension. This review discusses the recent progress of the potential causes of aortic stiffening and its implication on the pathogenesis of hypertension, in terms of aging, inflammation, metabolic syndromes, neuroendocrine and the interaction among these causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O. ONUH
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30303
| | - Hongyu QIU
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30303
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41
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Grunewald ZI, Ramirez-Perez FI, Woodford ML, Morales-Quinones M, Mejia S, Manrique-Acevedo C, Siebenlist U, Martinez-Lemus LA, Chandrasekar B, Padilla J. TRAF3IP2 (TRAF3 Interacting Protein 2) Mediates Obesity-Associated Vascular Insulin Resistance and Dysfunction in Male Mice. Hypertension 2020; 76:1319-1329. [PMID: 32829657 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance in the vasculature is a characteristic feature of obesity and contributes to the pathogenesis of vascular dysfunction and disease. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying obesity-associated vascular insulin resistance and dysfunction remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that TRAF3IP2 (TRAF3 interacting protein 2), a proinflammatory adaptor molecule known to activate pathological stress pathways and implicated in cardiovascular diseases, plays a causal role in obesity-associated vascular insulin resistance and dysfunction. We tested this hypothesis by employing genetic-manipulation in endothelial cells in vitro, in isolated arteries ex vivo, and diet-induced obesity in a mouse model of TRAF3IP2 ablation in vivo. We show that ectopic expression of TRAF3IP2 blunts insulin signaling in endothelial cells and diminishes endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in isolated aortic rings. Further, 16 weeks of high fat/high sucrose feeding impaired glucose tolerance, aortic insulin-induced vasorelaxation, and hindlimb postocclusive reactive hyperemia, while increasing blood pressure and arterial stiffness in wild-type male mice. Notably, TRAF3IP2 ablation protected mice from such high fat/high sucrose feeding-induced metabolic and vascular defects. Interestingly, wild-type female mice expressed markedly reduced levels of TRAF3IP2 mRNA independent of diet and were protected against high fat/high sucrose diet-induced vascular dysfunction. These data indicate that TRAF3IP2 plays a causal role in vascular insulin resistance and dysfunction. Specifically, the present findings highlight a sexual dimorphic role of TRAF3IP2 in vascular control and identify it as a promising therapeutic target in vasculometabolic derangements associated with obesity, particularly in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary I Grunewald
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (Z.I.G., M.L.W., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.I.G., F.I.R.-P., M.L.W., M.M.-Q., S.M., C.M.-A., L.A.M.-L., B.C., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Francisco I Ramirez-Perez
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.I.G., F.I.R.-P., M.L.W., M.M.-Q., S.M., C.M.-A., L.A.M.-L., B.C., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Department of Biological Engineering (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L.), University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Makenzie L Woodford
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (Z.I.G., M.L.W., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.I.G., F.I.R.-P., M.L.W., M.M.-Q., S.M., C.M.-A., L.A.M.-L., B.C., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Mariana Morales-Quinones
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.I.G., F.I.R.-P., M.L.W., M.M.-Q., S.M., C.M.-A., L.A.M.-L., B.C., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Salvador Mejia
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.I.G., F.I.R.-P., M.L.W., M.M.-Q., S.M., C.M.-A., L.A.M.-L., B.C., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.I.G., F.I.R.-P., M.L.W., M.M.-Q., S.M., C.M.-A., L.A.M.-L., B.C., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (C.M.-A.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (C.M.-A., B.C.)
| | | | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.I.G., F.I.R.-P., M.L.W., M.M.-Q., S.M., C.M.-A., L.A.M.-L., B.C., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Department of Biological Engineering (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (L.A.M.-L., B.C.), University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.I.G., F.I.R.-P., M.L.W., M.M.-Q., S.M., C.M.-A., L.A.M.-L., B.C., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (B.C.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (L.A.M.-L., B.C.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (C.M.-A., B.C.)
| | - Jaume Padilla
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (Z.I.G., M.L.W., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.I.G., F.I.R.-P., M.L.W., M.M.-Q., S.M., C.M.-A., L.A.M.-L., B.C., J.P.), University of Missouri, Columbia
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42
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Targeting mitochondrial fitness as a strategy for healthy vascular aging. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1491-1519. [PMID: 32584404 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide and aging is the primary risk factor for CVD. The development of vascular dysfunction, including endothelial dysfunction and stiffening of the large elastic arteries (i.e., the aorta and carotid arteries), contribute importantly to the age-related increase in CVD risk. Vascular aging is driven in large part by oxidative stress, which reduces bioavailability of nitric oxide and promotes alterations in the extracellular matrix. A key upstream driver of vascular oxidative stress is age-associated mitochondrial dysfunction. This review will focus on vascular mitochondria, mitochondrial dysregulation and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and discuss current evidence for prevention and treatment of vascular aging via lifestyle and pharmacological strategies that improve mitochondrial health. We will also identify promising areas and important considerations ('research gaps') for future investigation.
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43
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Manrique-Acevedo C, Chinnakotla B, Padilla J, Martinez-Lemus LA, Gozal D. Obesity and cardiovascular disease in women. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:1210-1226. [PMID: 32066824 PMCID: PMC7478041 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0548-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As the prevalence of obesity continues to grow worldwide, the health and financial burden of obesity-related comorbidities grows too. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is clearly associated with increased adiposity. Importantly, women are at higher risk of CVD when obese and insulin resistant, in particular at higher risk of developing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and ischemic heart disease. Increased aldosterone and mineralocorticoid receptor activation, aberrant estrogenic signaling and elevated levels of androgens are among some of the proposed mechanisms explaining the heightened CVD risk. In addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, understanding nontraditional risk factors specific to women, like excess weight gain during pregnancy, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and menopause are central to designing personalized interventions aimed to curb the epidemic of CVD. In the present review, we examine the available evidence supporting a differential cardiovascular impact of increased adiposity in women compared with men and the proposed pathophysiological mechanisms behind these differences. We also discuss women-specific cardiovascular risk factors associated with obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Bhavana Chinnakotla
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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44
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Cho HM, Kim I. Maternal high-fructose intake induces hypertension through activating histone codes on the (pro)renin receptor promoter. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:596-602. [PMID: 32423811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
High-fructose intake induces hypertension via the renal expression of (pro)renin receptor (PRR) that stimulates the expression of sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3, Na/K/2Cl cotransporter 2, and genes of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system. We hypothesize that maternal high-fructose intake induces hypertension in subsequent generation offspring through activating histone codes on the PRR promoter. Mice dams were offered 20% fructose solution during pregnancy and lactation, while the subsequent 1st to 4th generation offspring were raised without fructose. Blood pressure was measured via tail-cuff method. The mRNA and protein expression were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. Histone modification was evaluated using a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Maternal high-fructose intake statistically significantly increased blood pressure in the 1st and 2nd generations of offspring compared to the control group. Expression levels of sodium transporters and PRR were increased in the kidneys of the 1st to 3rd generation offspring. Increased enrichment of active histone codes such as H3Ac and H3K4me2 but decreased enrichment of repressive histone codes such as H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 on the PRR promoter were observed in the 1st to 3rd not the 4th generation. Moreover, there was increased the mRNA expression for histone acetyltransferase and methyl transferases for H3K4 in the 1st and 2nd generation offspring compared to the control group. This study implicates that maternal high-fructose intake induces hypertension in multigenerational offspring through activating histone codes on the PRR promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Min Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - InKyeom Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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45
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Behrmann A, Zhong D, Li L, Cheng SL, Mead M, Ramachandran B, Sabaeifard P, Goodarzi M, Lemoff A, Kronenberg HM, Towler DA. PTH/PTHrP Receptor Signaling Restricts Arterial Fibrosis in Diabetic LDLR -/- Mice by Inhibiting Myocardin-Related Transcription Factor Relays. Circ Res 2020; 126:1363-1378. [PMID: 32160132 PMCID: PMC7524585 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.316141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The PTH1R (PTH [parathyroid hormone]/PTHrP [PTH-related protein] receptor) is expressed in vascular smooth muscle (VSM) and increased VSM PTH1R signaling mitigates diet-induced arteriosclerosis in LDLR-/- mice. OBJECTIVE To study the impact of VSM PTH1R deficiency, we generated mice SM22-Cre:PTH1R(fl/fl);LDLR-/- mice (PTH1R-VKO) and Cre-negative controls. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunofluorescence and Western blot confirmed PTH1R expression in arterial VSM that was reduced by Cre-mediated knockout. PTH1R-VKO cohorts exhibited increased aortic collagen accumulation in vivo, and VSM cultures from PTH1R-VKO mice elaborated more collagen (2.5-fold; P=0.01) with elevated Col3a1 and Col1a1 expression. To better understand these profibrotic responses, we performed mass spectrometry on nuclear proteins extracted from Cre-negative controls and PTH1R-VKO VSM. PTH1R deficiency reduced Gata6 but upregulated the MADS (MCM1, Agamous, Deficiens, and Srf DNA-binding domain)-box transcriptional co-regulator, Mkl-1 (megakaryoblastic leukemia [translocation] 1). Co-transfection assays (Col3a1 promoter-luciferase reporter) confirmed PTH1R-mediated inhibition and Mkl-1-mediated activation of Col3a1 transcription. Regulation mapped to a conserved hybrid CT(A/T)6GG MADS-box cognate in the Col3a1 promoter. Mutations of C/G in this motif markedly reduced Col3a1 transcriptional regulation by PTH1R and Mkl-1. Upregulation of Col3a1 and Col1a1 in PTH1R-VKO VSM was inhibited by small interfering RNA targeting Mkl1 and by treatment with the Mkl-1 antagonist CCG1423 or the Rock (Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase)-2 inhibitor KD025. Chromatin precipitation demonstrated that VSM PTH1R deficiency increased Mkl-1 binding to Col3a1 and Col1a1, but not TNF, promoters. Proteomic studies of plasma extracellular vesicles and VSM from PTH1R-VKO mice identified C1r (complement component 1, r) and C1s (complement component 1, s), complement proteins involved in vascular collagen metabolism, as potential biomarkers. VSM C1r protein and C1r message were increased with PTH1R deficiency, mediated by Mkl-1-dependent transcription and inhibited by CCG1423 or KD025. CONCLUSIONS PTH1R signaling restricts collagen production in the VSM lineage, in part, via Mkl-1 regulatory circuits that control collagen gene transcription. Strategies that maintain homeostatic VSM PTH1R signaling, as reflected in extracellular vesicle biomarkers of VSM PTH1R/Mkl-1 action, may help mitigate arteriosclerosis and vascular fibrosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Collagen Type I/genetics
- Collagen Type I/metabolism
- Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain
- Collagen Type III/genetics
- Collagen Type III/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus/pathology
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibrosis
- Humans
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1/deficiency
- Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
- Vascular Remodeling
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Behrmann
- Internal Medicine – Endocrine Division, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Dalian Zhong
- Internal Medicine – Endocrine Division, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Li Li
- Internal Medicine – Endocrine Division, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Su-Li Cheng
- Internal Medicine – Endocrine Division, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Megan Mead
- Internal Medicine – Endocrine Division, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Bindu Ramachandran
- Internal Medicine – Endocrine Division, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Parastoo Sabaeifard
- Internal Medicine – Endocrine Division, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | | | - Andrew Lemoff
- Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Henry M. Kronenberg
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Dwight A. Towler
- Internal Medicine – Endocrine Division, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
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46
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McCallinhart PE, Cho Y, Sun Z, Ghadiali S, Meininger GA, Trask AJ. Reduced stiffness and augmented traction force in type 2 diabetic coronary microvascular smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H1410-H1419. [PMID: 32357115 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00542.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetic (T2DM) coronary resistance microvessels (CRMs) undergo inward hypertrophic remodeling associated with reduced stiffness and reduced coronary blood flow in both mice and pig models. Since reduced stiffness does not appear to be due to functional changes in the extracellular matrix, this study tested the hypothesis that decreased CRM stiffness in T2DM is due to reduced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) stiffness, which impacts the traction force generated by VSMCs. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and traction force microscopy (TFM) were conducted on primary low-passage CRM VSMCs from normal Db/db and T2DM db/db mice in addition to low-passage normal and T2DM deidentified human coronary VSMCs. Elastic modulus was reduced in T2DM mouse and human coronary VSMCs compared with normal (mouse: Db/db 6.84 ± 0.34 kPa vs. db/db 4.70 ± 0.19 kPa, P < 0.0001; human: normal 3.59 ± 0.38 kPa vs. T2DM 2.61 ± 0.35 kPa, P = 0.05). Both mouse and human T2DM coronary microvascular VSMCs were less adhesive to fibronectin compared with normal. T2DM db/db coronary VSMCs generated enhanced traction force by TFM (control 692 ± 67 Pa vs. db/db 1,507 ± 207 Pa; P < 0.01). Immunoblot analysis showed that T2DM human coronary VSMCs expressed reduced β1-integrin and elevated β3-integrin (control 1.00 ± 0.06 vs. T2DM 0.62 ± 0.14, P < 0.05 and control 1.00 ± 0.49 vs. T2DM 3.39 ± 1.05, P = 0.06, respectively). These data show that T2DM coronary VSMCs are less stiff and less adhesive to fibronectin but are able to generate enhanced force, corroborating previously published computational findings that decreasing cellular stiffness increases the cells' ability to generate higher traction force.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show here that a potential causative factor for reduced diabetic coronary microvascular stiffness is the direct reduction in coronary vascular smooth muscle cell stiffness. These cells were also able to generate enhanced traction force, validating previously published computational models. Collectively, these data show that smooth muscle cell stiffness can be a contributor to overall tissue stiffness in the coronary microcirculation, and this may be a novel area of interest for therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia E McCallinhart
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Heart Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Youjin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University College of Engineering, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Zhe Sun
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Samir Ghadiali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University College of Engineering, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Gerald A Meininger
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Aaron J Trask
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Heart Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
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Xiong Y, Aroor AR, Ramirez-Perez FI, Jia G, Habibi J, Manrique-Acevedo C, Lastra G, Chen D, DeMarco VG, Martinez-Lemus LA, Hill MA, Jaisser F, Sowers JR, Whaley-Connell A. Western diet induces renal artery endothelial stiffening that is dependent on the epithelial Na + channel. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F1220-F1228. [PMID: 32281419 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00517.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of a Western diet (WD) induces central aortic stiffening that contributes to the transmittance of pulsatile blood flow to end organs, including the kidney. Our recent work supports that endothelial epithelial Na+ channel (EnNaC) expression and activation enhances aortic endothelial cell stiffening through reductions in endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) and bioavailable NO that result in inflammatory and oxidant responses and perivascular fibrosis. However, the role that EnNaC activation has on endothelial responses in the renal circulation remains unknown. We hypothesized that cell-specific deletion of the α-subunit of EnNaC would prevent WD-induced central aortic stiffness and protect the kidney from endothelial dysfunction and vascular stiffening. Twenty-eight-week-old female αEnNaC knockout and wild-type mice were fed either mouse chow or WD containing excess fat (46%), sucrose, and fructose (17.5% each). WD feeding increased fat mass, indexes of vascular stiffening in the aorta and renal artery (in vivo pulse wave velocity and ultrasound), and renal endothelial cell stiffening (ex vivo atomic force microscopy). WD further impaired aortic endothelium-dependent relaxation and renal artery compliance (pressure myography) without changes in blood pressure. WD-induced renal arterial stiffening occurred in parallel to attenuated eNOS activation, increased oxidative stress, and aortic and renal perivascular fibrosis. αEnNaC deletion prevented these abnormalities and support a novel mechanism by which WD contributes to renal arterial stiffening that is endothelium and Na+ channel dependent. These results demonstrate that cell-specific EnNaC is important in propagating pulsatility into the renal circulation, generating oxidant stress, reduced bioavailable NO, and renal vessel wall fibrosis and stiffening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Xiong
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Endocrinology, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Francisco I Ramirez-Perez
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Guanghong Jia
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Javad Habibi
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Guido Lastra
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Donqqing Chen
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Vincent G DeMarco
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Michael A Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Frederic Jaisser
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, University Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - James R Sowers
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Adam Whaley-Connell
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
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48
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Norton CE, Jacobsen NL, Sinkler SY, Manrique-Acevedo C, Segal SS. Female sex and Western-style diet protect mouse resistance arteries during acute oxidative stress. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 318:C627-C639. [PMID: 31891519 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00342.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A Western-style diet (WD; high in fat and carbohydrates) increases vascular oxidative stress. We hypothesized that vascular cells adapt to a WD by developing resilience to oxidative stress. Male and female C57BL/6J mice (4 wk of age) were fed a control diet (CD) or a WD for 16-20 wk. Superior epigastric arteries (SEAs; diameter, ~125 µm) were isolated and pressurized for study. Basal reactive oxygen species production was greatest in SEAs from males fed the WD. During exposure to H2O2 (200 μM, 50 min), propidium iodide staining identified nuclei of disrupted endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). For mice fed the CD, death of SMCs (21%) and ECs (6%) was greater (P < 0.05) in SEAs from males than females (9% and 2%, respectively). WD consumption attenuated cell death most effectively in SEAs from males. With no difference at rest, H2O2 increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) to the greatest extent in SEAs from males, as shown by fura 2 fluorescence. Selective disruption of the endothelium (luminal air bubble) increased [Ca2+]i and SMC death during H2O2 exposure irrespective of sex; the WD reduced both responses most effectively in males. Nonselective transient receptor potential (TRP) channel inhibition (ruthenium red, 5 μM) attenuated the rise of [Ca2+]i, as did selective inhibition of TRP vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) channels (HC-067047, 1 μM), which also attenuated cell death. In contrast, inhibition of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (diltiazem, 50 μM) was without effect. Thus, for resistance arteries during acute oxidative stress: 1) ECs are more resilient than (and can protect) SMCs, 2) vessels from females are inherently more resilient than those from males, and 3) a WD increases vascular resilience by diminishing TRPV4 channel-dependent Ca2+ entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Norton
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Nicole L Jacobsen
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Shenghua Y Sinkler
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Research Services, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Steven S Segal
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, Missouri
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49
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Padilla J, Woodford ML, Lastra-Gonzalez G, Martinez-Diaz V, Fujie S, Yang Y, Lising AMC, Ramirez-Perez FI, Aroor AR, Morales-Quinones M, Ghiarone T, Whaley-Connell A, Martinez-Lemus LA, Hill MA, Manrique-Acevedo C. Sexual Dimorphism in Obesity-Associated Endothelial ENaC Activity and Stiffening in Mice. Endocrinology 2019; 160:2918-2928. [PMID: 31617909 PMCID: PMC6853665 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and insulin resistance stiffen the vasculature, with females appearing to be more adversely affected. As augmented arterial stiffness is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the increased predisposition of women with obesity and insulin resistance to arterial stiffening may explain their heightened risk for CVD. However, the cellular mechanisms by which females are more vulnerable to arterial stiffening associated with obesity and insulin resistance remain largely unknown. In this study, we provide evidence that female mice are more susceptible to Western diet-induced endothelial cell stiffening compared with age-matched males. Mechanistically, we show that the increased stiffening of the vascular intima in Western diet-fed female mice is accompanied by enhanced epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity in endothelial cells (EnNaC). Our data further indicate that: (i) estrogen signaling through estrogen receptor α (ERα) increases EnNaC activity to a larger extent in females compared with males, (ii) estrogen-induced activation of EnNaC is mediated by the serum/glucocorticoid inducible kinase 1 (SGK-1), and (iii) estrogen signaling stiffens endothelial cells when nitric oxide is lacking and this stiffening effect can be reduced with amiloride, an ENaC inhibitor. In aggregate, we demonstrate a sexual dimorphism in obesity-associated endothelial stiffening, whereby females are more vulnerable than males. In females, endothelial stiffening with obesity may be attributed to estrogen signaling through the ERα-SGK-1-EnNaC axis, thus establishing a putative therapeutic target for female obesity-related vascular stiffening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Makenzie L Woodford
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Guido Lastra-Gonzalez
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Vanesa Martinez-Diaz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Shumpei Fujie
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yan Yang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Alexandre M C Lising
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Francisco I Ramirez-Perez
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - Thaysa Ghiarone
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Adam Whaley-Connell
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Michael A Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
- Correspondence: Camila Manrique-Acevedo, MD, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, D109 Diabetes Center UHC, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, Missouri 65212. E-mail:
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Moss ME, Carvajal B, Jaffe IZ. The endothelial mineralocorticoid receptor: Contributions to sex differences in cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 203:107387. [PMID: 31271793 PMCID: PMC6848769 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death for both men and women. The observation that premenopausal women are protected from cardiovascular disease relative to age-matched men, and that this protection is lost with menopause, has led to extensive study of the role of sex steroid hormones in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. However, the molecular basis for sex differences in cardiovascular disease is still not fully understood, limiting the ability to tailor therapies to male and female patients. Therefore, there is a growing need to investigate molecular pathways outside of traditional sex hormone signaling to fully understand sex differences in cardiovascular disease. Emerging evidence points to the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), a steroid hormone receptor activated by the adrenal hormone aldosterone, as one such mediator of cardiovascular disease risk, potentially serving as a sex-dependent link between cardiovascular risk factors and disease. Enhanced activation of the MR by aldosterone is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Emerging evidence implicates the MR specifically within the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels in mediating some of the sex differences observed in cardiovascular pathology. This review summarizes the available clinical and preclinical literature concerning the role of the MR in the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure, with a special emphasis on sex differences in the role of endothelial-specific MR in these pathologies. The available data regarding the molecular mechanisms by which endothelial-specific MR may contribute to sex differences in cardiovascular disease is also summarized. A paradigm emerges from synthesis of the literature in which endothelial-specific MR regulates vascular function in a sex-dependent manner in response to cardiovascular risk factors to contribute to disease. Limitations in this field include the relative paucity of women in clinical trials and, until recently, the nearly exclusive use of male animals in preclinical investigations. Enhanced understanding of the sex-specific roles of endothelial MR could lead to novel mechanistic insights underlying sex differences in cardiovascular disease incidence and outcomes and could identify additional therapeutic targets to effectively treat cardiovascular disease in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elizabeth Moss
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America; Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Brigett Carvajal
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America; Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Iris Z Jaffe
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America; Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America.
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