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Li X, Kong Z, Cai K, Qi F, Zhu S. Neopterin mediates sleep deprivation-induced microglial activation resulting in neuronal damage by affecting YY1/HDAC1/TOP1/IL-6 signaling. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00301-1. [PMID: 39029901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep deprivation (SD) is a common disorder in modern society. Hippocampus is an important region of the brain for learning, memory, and emotions. Dysfunction of hippocampus can lead to severe learning and memory disorder, significantly affecting quality of life. SD is accompanied by hippocampal microglia activation and a surge in inflammatory factors, but the precise mechanism remains unclear. Moreover, the ongoing unknown persists regarding how activated microglia in SD lead to neuronal damage. Topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) plays an essential role in the inflammatory process, including the tumor system and viral infection. In this study, we observed a significant elevation in TOP1 levels in the hippocampus of mice subjected to SD. Therefore, we hypothesize that TOP1 may be implicated in SD-induced microglia activation and neuronal damage. OBJECTIVES To investigate the role of TOP1 in SD-induced microglial activation, neuronal damage, and neurobehavioral impairments, and the molecular basis of SD-induced elevated TOP1 levels. METHODS TOP1-specific knockout mice in microglia were used to study the effects of TOP1 on microglial activation and neuronal damage. Transcription factor prediction, RNA interference, ChIP-qPCR, ChIP-seq database analysis, and luciferase reporter assays were performed to explore the molecular mechanisms of YY1 transcriptional activation. Untargeted metabolic profiling was employed to investigate the material basis of YY1 transcriptional activation. RESULTS Knockdown of TOP1 in hippocampal microglia ameliorates SD-induced microglial activation, inflammatory response, and neuronal damage. Mechanistically, TOP1 mediates the release of IL-6 from microglia, which consequently leads to neuronal dysfunction. Moreover, elevated TOP1 due to SD were associated with neopterin, which was attributed to its promotion of elevated levels of H3K27ac in the TOP1 promoter region by disrupting the binding of YY1 and HDAC1. CONCLUSION The present study reveals that TOP1-mediated microglial activation is critical for SD induced hippocampal neuronal damage and behavioral impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, 730030 Lanzhou, China
| | - Ziyu Kong
- School of Basic Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ke Cai
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, 730030 Lanzhou, China
| | - Fujian Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730030 Lanzhou, China
| | - Sen Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730030 Lanzhou, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310000, China.
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Rani A. RAR-related orphan receptor alpha and the staggerer mice: a fine molecular story. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1300729. [PMID: 38766309 PMCID: PMC11099308 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1300729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The retinoic acid-related orphan receptor alpha (RORα) protein first came into the limelight due to a set of staggerer mice, discovered at the Jackson Laboratories in the United States of America by Sidman, Lane, and Dickie (1962) and genetically deciphered by Hamilton et al. in 1996. These staggerer mice exhibited cerebellar defects, an ataxic gait, a stagger along with several other developmental abnormalities, compensatory mechanisms, and, most importantly, a deletion of 160 kilobases (kb), encompassing the RORα ligand binding domain (LBD). The discovery of the staggerer mice and the subsequent discovery of a loss of the LBD within the RORα gene of these mice at the genetic level clearly indicated that RORα's LBD played a crucial role in patterning during embryogenesis. Moreover, a chance study by Roffler-Tarlov and Sidman (1978) noted reduced concentrations of glutamic acid levels in the staggerer mice, indicating a possible role for the essence of a nutritionally balanced diet. The sequential organisation of the building blocks of intact genes, requires the nucleotide bases of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA): purines and pyrimidines, both of which are synthesized, upon a constant supply of glutamine, an amino acid fortified in a balanced diet and a byproduct of the carbohydrate and lipid metabolic pathways. A nutritionally balanced diet, along with a metabolic "enzymatic machinery" devoid of mutations/aberrations, was essential in the uninterrupted transcription of RORα during embryogenesis. In addition to the above, following translation, a ligand-responsive RORα acts as a "molecular circadian regulator" during embryogenesis and not only is expressed selectively and differentially, but also promotes differential activity depending on the anatomical and pathological site of its expression. RORα is highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and the endocrine organs. Additionally, RORα and the clock genes are core components of the circadian rhythmicity, with the expression of RORα fluctuating in a night-day-night sigmoidal pattern and undoubtedly serves as an endocrine-like, albeit "molecular-circadian regulator". Melatonin, a circadian hormone, along with tri-iodothyronine and some steroid hormones are known to regulate RORα-mediated molecular activity, with each of these hormones themselves being regulated rhythmically by the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA). The HPA regulates the circadian rhythm and cyclical release of hormones, in a self-regulatory feedback loop. Irregular sleep-wake patterns affect circadian rhythmicity and the ability of the immune system to withstand infections. The staggerer mice with their thinner bones, an altered skeletal musculature, an aberrant metabolic profile, the ataxic gait and an underdeveloped cerebellar cortex; exhibited compensatory mechanisms, that not only allowed the survival of the staggerer mice, but also enhanced protection from microbial invasions and resistance to high-fat-diet induced obesity. This review has been compiled in its present form, more than 14 years later after a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) cloning and sequencing methodology helped me identify signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) target sequences, one of which was mapped to the first intron of the RORα gene. The 599-base-long sequence containing one consensus TTCNNNGAA (TTCN3GAA) gamma-activated sequence (GAS) and five other non-consensus TTN5AA sequences had been identified from the clones isolated from the STAT5 target sites (fragments) in human phytohemagglutinin-activated CD8+ T lymphocytes, during my doctoral studies between 2006 and 2009. Most importantly, preliminary studies noted a unique RORα expression profile, during a time-course study on the ribonucleic acid (RNA), extracted from human phytohemagglutinin (PHA) activated CD8+ T lymphocytes stimulated with interleukin-2 (IL-2). This review mainly focuses on the "staggerer mice" with one of its first roles materialising during embryogenesis, a molecular-endocrine mediated circadian-like regulatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aradhana Rani
- Medical Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India
- Human Resource Development and Management, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
- Immunology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Shang H, Hendryx M, Liang X, Shadyab AH, Luo J. A Longitudinal Study of Sleep Habits and Leukemia Incidence Among Postmenopausal Women. Am J Epidemiol 2023; 192:1315-1325. [PMID: 37191332 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We sought to assess the relationship between sleep duration, sleep disturbance, and leukemia incidence among postmenopausal women. This study included 130,343 postmenopausal women aged 50-79 years who were enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) during 1993-1998. Information on self-reported typical sleep duration and sleep disturbance was obtained by questionnaire at baseline, and sleep disturbance level was defined according to the Women's Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale (WHIIRS). WHIIRS scores of 0-4, 5-8, and 9-20 comprised 37.0%, 32.6%, and 30.4% of all women, respectively. After an average of 16.4 years (2,135,109 cumulative person-years) of follow-up, 930 of the participants were identified as having incident leukemia. Compared with women with the lowest level of sleep disturbance (WHIIRS score 0-4), women with higher sleep disturbance levels (WHIIRS scores of 5-8 and 9-20) had 22% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.43) and 18% (95% CI: 1.00, 1.40) excess risks of leukemia, respectively, after multivariable adjustment. A significant dose-response trend was found for the association between sleep disturbance and leukemia risk (P for trend = 0.048). In addition, women with the highest level of sleep disturbance had a higher risk of myeloid leukemia (for WHIIRS score 9-20 vs. WHIIRS score 0-4, hazard ratio = 1.39, CI: 1.05, 1.83). Higher sleep disturbance level was associated with increased risk of leukemia, especially for myeloid leukemia among postmenopausal women.
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Chernyshev OY. Sleep Deprivation and Its Consequences. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2023; 29:1234-1252. [PMID: 37590831 DOI: 10.1212/con.0000000000001323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article reviews the clinical, cognitive, behavioral, and physiologic consequences of sleep deprivation in relation to general neurology practice. LATEST DEVELOPMENTS Despite being one of the most common sleep problems in modern society, the role of sleep deprivation is underrecognized and underestimated in clinical medicine and general neurology practice. The recognition, diagnosis, and management of sleep deprivation in neurologic practice have only recently received close attention. The consequences of sleep deprivation involve all aspects of general neurology practice, including individuals with neurologic disease, neurologists, communities, and health care systems. The identification and timely management of sleep deprivation symptoms may help to improve symptoms of underlying primary neurologic disorders. ESSENTIAL POINTS This article emphasizes complexities related to the identification and evaluation of sleep deprivation in general neurology practice and describes the consequences of sleep deprivation. By recognizing sleep deprivation in patients with neurologic conditions, the neurologist can provide comprehensive care and contribute to improved clinical and neurologic outcomes.
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Sun J, Fang D, Wang Z, Liu Y. Sleep Deprivation and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis: Current Understandings and Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119603. [PMID: 37298553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota comprises the microbial communities inhabiting our gastrointestinal (GI) tracts. Accordingly, these complex communities play a fundamental role in many host processes and are closely implicated in human health and diseases. Sleep deprivation (SD) has become increasingly common in modern society, partly owing to the rising pressure of work and the diversification of entertainment. It is well documented that sleep loss is a significant cause of various adverse outcomes on human health including immune-related and metabolic diseases. Furthermore, accumulating evidence suggests that gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with these SD-induced human diseases. In this review, we summarize the gut microbiota dysbiosis caused by SD and the succedent diseases ranging from the immune system and metabolic system to various organs and highlight the critical roles of gut microbiota in these diseases. The implications and possible strategies to alleviate SD-related human diseases are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Sun
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Dan Fang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Van Dongen HPA, Basner M, Mullington JM, Carlin M. Foreword: Festschrift in honor of David Dinges, scientist and mentor extraordinaire. SLEEP ADVANCES : A JOURNAL OF THE SLEEP RESEARCH SOCIETY 2023; 4:zpad020. [PMID: 38020731 PMCID: PMC10658658 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans P A Van Dongen
- Sleep and Performance Research Center and Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Washington State University Health Sciences, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Mathias Basner
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, , USA
| | - Janet M Mullington
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michele Carlin
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, , USA
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Arvin P, Ghafouri S, Bavarsad K, Hajipour S, Khoshnam SE, Sarkaki A, Farbood Y. Administration of growth hormone ameliorates adverse effects of total sleep deprivation. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1671-1681. [PMID: 36862276 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01192-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Total sleep deprivation (TSD) causes several harmful changes including anxiety, inflammation, and increased expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) genes in the hippocampus. The current study was conducted to explain the possible effects of exogenous GH against the above parameters caused by TSD and the possible mechanisms involved. Male Wistar rats were divided into 1) control, 2) TSD and 3) TSD + GH groups. To induce TSD, the rats received a mild repetitive electric shock (2 mA, 3 s) to their paws every 10 min for 21 days. Rats in the third group received GH (1 ml/kg, sc) for 21 days as treatment for TSD. The motor coordination, locomotion, the level of IL-6, and expression of ERK and TrkB genes in hippocampal tissue were measured after TSD. The motor coordination (p < 0.001) and locomotion indices (p < 0.001) were impaired significantly by TSD. The concentrations of serum corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) (p < 0.001) and hippocampal interleukin-6 (IL-6) (p < 0.001) increased. However, there was a significant decrease in the interleukin-4 (IL-4) concentration and expression of ERK (p < 0.001) and TrkB (p < 0.001) genes in the hippocampus of rats with TSD. Treatment of TSD rats with GH improved motor balance (p < 0.001) and locomotion (p < 0.001), decreased serum CRH (p < 0.001), IL-6 (p < 0.01) but increased the IL-4 and expression of ERK (p < 0.001) and TrkB (p < 0.001) genes in the hippocampus. Results show that GH plays a key role in modulating the stress hormone, inflammation, and the expression of ERK and TrkB genes in the hippocampus following stress during TSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Arvin
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Samireh Ghafouri
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kowsar Bavarsad
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Hajipour
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Yaghoub Farbood
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Hubbard AK, Brown DW, Machiela MJ. Clonal hematopoiesis due to mosaic chromosomal alterations: Impact on disease risk and mortality. Leuk Res 2023; 126:107022. [PMID: 36706615 PMCID: PMC9974917 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2023.107022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mosaic chromosomal alterations (mCAs) are the clonal expansion of large somatically acquired structural chromosomal changes present on the autosomes and sex chromosomes. Most studies of mCAs use existing genotype array intensity data from large populations to investigate potential risk factors and disease outcomes associated with mCAs. In this review, we perform a comprehensive examination of existing evidence for mCA disease and mortality associations and provide a framework for interpreting these associations in the context of important biases specific to mCA studies. Our goal is to motivate well-designed mCA studies to assist in unlocking the potential of mCAs to improve understanding of the effects of ageing and accelerate translational applications for improving public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey K Hubbard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Derek W Brown
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA; Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Mitchell J Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
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Kip E, Parr-Brownlie LC. Healthy lifestyles and wellbeing reduce neuroinflammation and prevent neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1092537. [PMID: 36875655 PMCID: PMC9975355 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1092537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the mid-20th century, Western societies have considered productivity and economic outcomes are more important than focusing on people's health and wellbeing. This focus has created lifestyles with high stress levels, associated with overconsumption of unhealthy foods and little exercise, which negatively affect people's lives, and subsequently lead to the development of pathologies, including neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Prioritizing a healthy lifestyle to maintain wellbeing may slow the onset or reduce the severity of pathologies. It is a win-win for everyone; for societies and for individuals. A balanced lifestyle is increasingly being adopted globally, with many doctors encouraging meditation and prescribing non-pharmaceutical interventions to treat depression. In psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, the inflammatory response system of the brain (neuroinflammation) is activated. Many risks factors are now known to be linked to neuroinflammation such as stress, pollution, and a high saturated and trans fat diet. On the other hand, many studies have linked healthy habits and anti-inflammatory products with lower levels of neuroinflammation and a reduced risk of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Sharing risk and protective factors is critical so that individuals can make informed choices that promote positive aging throughout their lifespan. Most strategies to manage neurodegenerative diseases are palliative because neurodegeneration has been progressing silently for decades before symptoms appear. Here, we focus on preventing neurodegenerative diseases by adopting an integrated "healthy" lifestyle approach. This review summarizes the role of neuroinflammation on risk and protective factors of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Kip
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Louise C Parr-Brownlie
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Mantua J, Gutierrez RL, Isidean SD, Alcala AN, Testa KJ, Talaat KR, Doty TJ, Porter CK. Sleep duration prior to an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli challenge predicts diarrhea severity during infection. Sleep Med 2022; 100:404-409. [PMID: 36240601 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute diarrhea is the most frequent diagnosis among ill travelers. Sleep loss may weaken the body's defense against pathogens and increase susceptibility to infection. The relationship between sleep and infectious diarrhea has not been studied and was assessed utilizing data from a controlled human infection model (CHIM) for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). METHODS During a CHIM assessing the efficacy of an immunoprophylactic targeting ETEC against moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) following challenge, we measured sleep via actigraphy over an 8-day inpatient period. We hypothesized better sleep pre-challenge would predict illness symptomatology following challenge. RESULTS Among 57 participants (aged 34.4 ± 8.1 years, 64% male), there was no relationship between sleep metrics and incidence of MSD. However, longer total sleep time the night preceding ETEC challenge was associated with lower maximum 24 h diarrhea volume (B = -1.80, p = 0.01) and total diarrhea volume (B = -2.45, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This novel study showed that shorter sleep duration predicted diarrhea severity over the course of an ETEC infection. Future work should experimentally manipulate sleep to further clarify its impact on diarrhea-related outcomes for ETEC and other important enteric pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Mantua
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Behavioral Biology Branch, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA.
| | - Ramiro L Gutierrez
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Sandra D Isidean
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Ashley N Alcala
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Kayla J Testa
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Kawsar R Talaat
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Tracy Jill Doty
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Behavioral Biology Branch, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Chad K Porter
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
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Vidal AS, de Campos Reis NF, De Lorenzo BHP, Alvares-Saraiva AM, Xander P, Novaes E Brito RR. Impact of sleep restriction in B-1 cells activation and differentiation. Immunobiology 2022; 227:152280. [PMID: 36179431 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
B-1 lymphocytes are a subtype of B cells with functional and phenotypic features that differ from conventional B lymphocytes. These cells are mainly located in mice's pleural and peritoneal cavities and express unconventional B cell surface markers. B-1 cells participate in immunity by producing antibodies, cytokines, and chemokines and physically interacting with other immune cells. In addition, B-1 cells can differentiate into mononuclear phagocyte-like cells and phagocytize several pathogens. However, the activation and differentiation of B-1 cells are not entirely understood. It is known that several factors can influence B-1 cells, such as pathogens components and the immune response. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of chronic stress on B-1 cell activation and differentiation into phagocytes. The experimental sleep restriction was used as a stress model since the sleep alteration alters several immune cells' functions. Thus, mice were submitted to sleep restriction for 21 consecutive days, and the activation and differentiation of B-1 cells were analyzed. Our results demonstrated that B-1 cells initiated the differentiation process into mononuclear phagocytes after the period of sleep restriction. In addition, we detected a significant decrease in lymphoid lineage commitment factors (EBF, E2A, Blnk) (*P < 0.05) and an increase in the G-CSFR gene (related to the myeloid lineage commitment factor) (****P < 0.0001), as compared to control mice no submitted to sleep restriction. An increase in the co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 (**P < 0.01 and *P < 0.05, respectively) and a higher production of nitric oxide (NO) (*P < 0.05) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (*P < 0.05) were also observed in B-1 cells from mice submitted to sleep restriction. Nevertheless, B-1 cells from sleep-restricted mice showed a significant reduction in the Toll-like receptors (TLR)-2, -6, and -9, and interleukine-10 (IL-10) cytokine expression (***P < 0.001) as compared to control. Sleep-restricted mice intraperitoneally infected withL. amazonensispromastigotes showed a reduction in the average internalized parasites (*P < 0.05) by B-1 cells. These findings suggest that sleep restriction interferes with B-1 lymphocyte activation and differentiation. In addition, b-1 cells assumed a more myeloid profile but with a lower phagocytic capacity in this stress condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Sladkevicius Vidal
- Centro Universitário São Camilo, Centro Universitário São Camilo, Av. Nazaré, 1501, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação Biologia-Química, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo campus Diadema, Rua São Nicolau, 210, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Natasha Ferraz de Campos Reis
- Programa de Pós-graduação Biologia-Química, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo campus Diadema, Rua São Nicolau, 210, Diadema, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo campus Diadema
| | | | - Anuska Marcelino Alvares-Saraiva
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Pós-graduação em Patologia Ambiental e Experimental, Universidade Paulista, Rua Bacelar, 902, São Paulo, Brazil; Pós Graduação Interdisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Rua Galvão Bueno, 868, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiopatologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil, 1500, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Xander
- Programa de Pós-graduação Biologia-Química, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo campus Diadema, Rua São Nicolau, 210, Diadema, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo campus Diadema.
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Rowe RK, Green TRF, Giordano KR, Ortiz JB, Murphy SM, Opp MR. Microglia Are Necessary to Regulate Sleep after an Immune Challenge. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1241. [PMID: 36009868 PMCID: PMC9405260 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microglia play a critical role in the neuroimmune response, but little is known about the role of microglia in sleep following an inflammatory trigger. Nevertheless, decades of research have been predicated on the assumption that an inflammatory trigger increases sleep through microglial activation. We hypothesized that mice (n = 30) with depleted microglia using PLX5622 (PLX) would sleep less following the administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation. Brains were collected and microglial morphology was assessed using quantitative skeletal analyses and physiological parameters were recorded using non-invasive piezoelectric cages. Mice fed PLX diet had a transient increase in sleep that dissipated by week 2. Subsequently, following a first LPS injection (0.4 mg/kg), mice with depleted microglia slept more than mice on the control diet. All mice were returned to normal rodent chow to repopulate microglia in the PLX group (10 days). Nominal differences in sleep existed during the microglia repopulation period. However, following a second LPS injection, mice with repopulated microglia slept similarly to control mice during the dark period but with longer bouts during the light period. Comparing sleep after the first LPS injection to sleep after the second LPS injection, controls exhibited temporal changes in sleep patterns but no change in cumulative minutes slept, whereas cumulative sleep in mice with repopulated microglia decreased during the dark period across all days. Repopulated microglia had a reactive morphology. We conclude that microglia are necessary to regulate sleep after an immune challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K. Rowe
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Tabitha R. F. Green
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Katherine R. Giordano
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ 85012, USA
| | - J. Bryce Ortiz
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ 85012, USA
| | - Sean M. Murphy
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Mark R. Opp
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
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13
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Xu Y, Su S, McCall WV, Wang X. Blunted rest-activity rhythm is associated with increased white blood-cell-based inflammatory markers in adults: an analysis from NHANES 2011-2014. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:895-902. [PMID: 35260021 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2048663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm disruption is associated with immune system disturbance and has been observed in many health problems where chronic-inflammation acts as a major contributor. We aim to examine whether rest-activity circadian rhythm is associated with chronic inflammation using white blood-cell-based inflammatory indices including white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). We analyzed the data from 8089 adults (age≥20) with at least 4 days of validated accelerometer recordings and a valid WBC count from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014. Non-parametric rest-activity circadian rhythm parameters were derived from the accelerometer recordings. In the models adjusting multiple covariates, a one-quantile increase in relative amplitude (i.e. more robust circadian rhythm) was associated with 1 × 108 cells/L decrease in WBC number (95% CI: 5 × 107 to 1.5 × 108, P < .001), 7 × 107 cells/L decrease in neutrophils (95% CI: 3 × 107 to 1.1 × 108, P = .003) and 15.2 × 109 /L decrease in SII (95% CI: 6 × 109 /L to 20 × 109/L, P = .019). Consistent results were also observed for the association of M10 value and L5 value with these inflammatory indices. Our results indicated that blunted rest-activity circadian rhythm is associated with increased white blood-cell-based inflammatory indices in adults, suggesting interventions aiming at enhancing circadian rhythm by lifestyle programs may be a novel approach to improve the general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Xu
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Shaoyong Su
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - William V McCall
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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14
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Zhang W, Zhang Y, He W, Wu X, Liu G, Huang H, Jiang H, Zhang X. Variation in the sexual behavior and blood count parameters induced by sleep deprivation in male rats. Andrology 2022; 10:800-807. [PMID: 35226413 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep is a fundamental biological requirement, and lack of sleep has increasingly been recognized to cause metabolic consequences and adversely affect immune function. Recent articles have pointed to how sleep and sexual functions may be interlinked, involving inflammation, vascular alterations, tissue damage, and endothelial dysfunction. OBJECTIVES We examined the effect of paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) on sexual behavior and hemogram parameters in male rats. In addition, we also explored whether 7 days of recovery sleep is sufficient to offset these detriments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male rats were given sexual experience through training. At the 5th test, the sexually vigorous males were randomly separated into 3 experimental groups: PSD (rats submitted to 96 hours of PSD, n = 6), RS (recovery sleep 7 days after PSD, n = 6), and control (n = 10). We evaluated the sexual behaviors of three groups. Blood samples were collected to analysis hemogram parameters. RESULTS In this study, we recognized that repeated copulatory tests can lead to changes in sexual behavior over time. We found that 96 hours of acute sleep deprivation impaired the sexual behavior of male rats. Our results demonstrated that 96 hours of PSD also increased levels of white blood cell (WBC) subpopulations, in particular neutrophils. Recovery sleep after sleep deprivation has a certain reversal effect on WBC subgroups and impairment of sexual behavior, with some signs that not all levels were back to baseline even after 7 days of recovery. CONCLUSION In general, we found that 96 hours of PSD impaired the sexual behavior of male rats. Our results demonstrated that PSD can cause systemic inflammation by affecting WBC subpopulations, in particular neutrophils. 7 days of recovery sleep after sleep deprivation has a certain reversal effect to these impairments. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wentao He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Houbao Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiansheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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15
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Schmitz NCM, van der Werf YD, Lammers-van der Holst HM. The Importance of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms for Vaccination Success and Susceptibility to Viral Infections. Clocks Sleep 2022; 4:66-79. [PMID: 35225954 PMCID: PMC8884008 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep and circadian rhythms are closely involved in the immune system and its regulation. Here, we describe this relationship and provide recommendations regarding the influence of sleep and circadian rhythms on vaccination success. We review studies investigating how viral susceptibility is influenced by changes in immunological parameters as a consequence of sleep deprivation. Short sleep duration and poor sleep efficiency both appear to be strong factors leading to greater vulnerability. In addition, both sleep duration and the time of day of the vaccination seem to be associated with the magnitude of the antibody response after vaccination. Based on these findings, a recommendation would consist of a sleep duration of 7 h or more every night to both reduce the risk of infection and to optimize the efficacy of vaccination with respect to circadian timing. Improving sleep quality and its circadian timing can potentially play a role in preventing infection and in vaccination benefits. In conclusion, sufficient (or longer) sleep duration is important in both reducing susceptibility to infection and increasing antibody response after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina C. M. Schmitz
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (N.C.M.S.); (Y.D.v.d.W.)
| | - Ysbrand D. van der Werf
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (N.C.M.S.); (Y.D.v.d.W.)
| | - Heidi M. Lammers-van der Holst
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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TNF signaling pathway-mediated microglial activation in the PFC underlies acute paradoxical sleep deprivation-induced anxiety-like behaviors in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 100:254-266. [PMID: 34915154 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute sleep deprivation is a common condition in modern life and increases anxiety symptoms in healthy individuals. The neuroinflammatory response induced by microglial activation could be an important contributing factor, but its underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In the present study, we first found that acute paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) induced by the modified multiple platform method (MMPM) for 6 h led to anxiety-like behavior in mice, as verified by the open field test, elevated plus maze test, light-dark box test, and marble burying test. In addition, bioinformatic analysis suggested an important relationship between acute sleep deprivation and brain inflammatory signaling pathways. Key genes enriched in the TNF signaling pathway were confirmed to be altered during acute PSD by qPCR and Western blot analyses, including the upregulation of the prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 protein (Socs3) genes and the downregulation of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease 3 (Casp3) gene. Furthermore, we found that microglial cells in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) were activated with significant branch structure changes and that the cell body area was increased in the PSD model. Finally, we found that minocycline, a tetracycline with anti-inflammatory properties, may ameliorate the anxiogenic effect and microglial activation. Our study reveals significant correlations of anxiety-like behavior, microglial activation, and inflammation during acute PSD.
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17
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Beltrami FG, John ÂB, de Macedo BR, Corrêa Júnior V, Nguyen XL, Pichereau C, Maury E, Fleury B, Gus M, Fagondes SC. A multi-intervention protocol to improve sleep quality in a coronary care unit. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2021; 21:464-472. [PMID: 34935040 DOI: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvab099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Poor sleep is a frequent occurrence in the critical illness. Evaluate sleep quality and test the effect of a multi-intervention sleep care protocol in improving sleep quality in a coronary care unit (CCU). METHODS AND RESULTS Quasi-experimental study, carried out in two phases. During the first phase, the control group (n = 58 patients) received usual care. Baseline sleep data were collected through the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ) and the Sleep in the Intensive Care Unit Questionnaire (SICUQ). During the second phase (n = 55 patients), a sleep care protocol was implemented. Interventions included actions to promote analgesia, reduce noise, brightness, and other general measures. Sleep data were collected again to assess the impact of these interventions. The intervention group had better scores in overall sleep depth [median (interquartile range)] [81 (65-96.7) vs. 69.7 (50-90); P = 0.046]; sleep fragmentation [90 (65-100) vs. 69 (42.2-92.7); P = 0.011]; return to sleep [90 (69.7-100) vs. 71.2 (40.7-96.5); P = 0.007]; sleep quality [85 (65-100) vs. 71.1 (49-98.1); P = 0.026]; and mean RCSQ score [83 (66-94) vs. 66.5 (45.7-87.2); P = 0.002] than the baseline group. The main barriers to sleep were pain [1 (1.0-5.5)], light [1 (1.0-5.0)], and noise [1 (1.0-5.0)]. The most rated sources of sleep-disturbing noise were heart monitor alarm [3 (1.0-5.25)], intravenous pump alarm [1.5 (1.0-5.00)]. and mechanical ventilator alarm [1 (1.0-5.0)]. All were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the baseline group. CONCLUSION A multi-intervention protocol was feasible and effective in improving different sleep quality parameters and reducing some barriers to sleep in CCU patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Gabe Beltrami
- Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350,90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Ângela Beatriz John
- Laboratório do Sono, Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Room 2050, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rocha de Macedo
- Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350,90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Vicente Corrêa Júnior
- Ambulatório de Hipertensão do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350,90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Xuân-Lan Nguyen
- Unité de Somnologie et Fonction Respiratoire, Département de Physiologie Respiratoire et Sommeil, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Claire Pichereau
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Eric Maury
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Bernard Fleury
- Collège de Médecine des Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Physiologie Respiratoire et Sommeil, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Miguel Gus
- Unidade de Cuidados Cardiovasculares, Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Cardiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Simone Chaves Fagondes
- Laboratório do Sono, Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Room 2050, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pneumológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350,90035-003, RS, Brazil
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18
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Bonilla-Jaime H, Zeleke H, Rojas A, Espinosa-Garcia C. Sleep Disruption Worsens Seizures: Neuroinflammation as a Potential Mechanistic Link. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12531. [PMID: 34830412 PMCID: PMC8617844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbances, such as insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, and daytime sleepiness, are common in people diagnosed with epilepsy. These disturbances can be attributed to nocturnal seizures, psychosocial factors, and/or the use of anti-epileptic drugs with sleep-modifying side effects. Epilepsy patients with poor sleep quality have intensified seizure frequency and disease progression compared to their well-rested counterparts. A better understanding of the complex relationship between sleep and epilepsy is needed, since approximately 20% of seizures and more than 90% of sudden unexpected deaths in epilepsy occur during sleep. Emerging studies suggest that neuroinflammation, (e.g., the CNS immune response characterized by the change in expression of inflammatory mediators and glial activation) may be a potential link between sleep deprivation and seizures. Here, we review the mechanisms by which sleep deprivation induces neuroinflammation and propose that neuroinflammation synergizes with seizure activity to worsen neurodegeneration in the epileptic brain. Additionally, we highlight the relevance of sleep interventions, often overlooked by physicians, to manage seizures, prevent epilepsy-related mortality, and improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herlinda Bonilla-Jaime
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Área de Biología Conductual y Reproductiva, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de Mexico CP 09340, Mexico;
| | - Helena Zeleke
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Biology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Asheebo Rojas
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Claudia Espinosa-Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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19
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Garbarino S, Lanteri P, Bragazzi NL, Magnavita N, Scoditti E. Role of sleep deprivation in immune-related disease risk and outcomes. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1304. [PMID: 34795404 PMCID: PMC8602722 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02825-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern societies are experiencing an increasing trend of reduced sleep duration, with nocturnal sleeping time below the recommended ranges for health. Epidemiological and laboratory studies have demonstrated detrimental effects of sleep deprivation on health. Sleep exerts an immune-supportive function, promoting host defense against infection and inflammatory insults. Sleep deprivation has been associated with alterations of innate and adaptive immune parameters, leading to a chronic inflammatory state and an increased risk for infectious/inflammatory pathologies, including cardiometabolic, neoplastic, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review recent advancements on the immune responses to sleep deprivation as evidenced by experimental and epidemiological studies, the pathophysiology, and the role for the sleep deprivation-induced immune changes in increasing the risk for chronic diseases. Gaps in knowledge and methodological pitfalls still remain. Further understanding of the causal relationship between sleep deprivation and immune deregulation would help to identify individuals at risk for disease and to prevent adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Garbarino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal/Child Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Paola Lanteri
- Neurophysiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Nicola Magnavita
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Department of Woman/Child and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), 73100, Lecce, Italy
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20
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Steidten T, Baumbach P, May R, Gabriel B, Herbsleb M, Markov A, Granacher U, Kellmann M, Bloch W, Gabriel HHW, Puta C. Overnight Immune Regulation and Subjective Measures of Sleep: A Three Night Observational Study in Adolescent Track and Field Athletes. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:689805. [PMID: 34651124 PMCID: PMC8506008 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.689805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To ensure health maintenance of young athletes, immunological stress due to physical exercise has to be balanced for performance development and health maintenance. Sleep is an important influencing factor for immune regulation because of its regenerating effect. In an attempt to assess overnight immune regulation, this observational study aimed to examine associations between changes in capillary immunological blood markers and measures of sleep in adolescent athletes. Over a period of three nights, 12 male (n = 6) and female (n = 6) adolescent track and field athletes aged 16.4 ± 1.1 years were monitored for their sleep behavior (e.g., sleep duration, sleep depth) and immune regulation by using subjective (e.g., sleep) and objective (capillary blood markers) measurement tools. Over the 4 day (three nights), athletes followed their daily routines (school, homework, free time activities, and training). Training was performed for different disciplines (sprint, hurdles, and long-jump) following their daily training routines. Training included dynamic core stability training, coordination training, speed training, resistance training, and endurance training. Capillary blood samples were taken 30-45 min after the last training session (10:00-12:00 a.m. or 5:00-6:00 p.m.) and every morning between 7:00 and 10:00 a.m. Changes in capillary blood markers from post-training to the next morning and morning-to-morning fluctuations in capillary blood markers were analyzed over a three-night period using a generalized estimating equations (GEE) statistical approach. Associations of overnight changes with measures of sleep were analyzed using GEE. We found significant decreases in white blood cell count (WBC), granulocytes (GRAN), granulocytes% (GRAN%), monocytes (MID), and granulocyte-lymphocyte-ratio. In contrast, lymphocytes% (LYM%) increased significantly and systemic inflammation index showed no difference from post-training to the next morning. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in WBC and GRAN between morning 1 and morning 3. At morning 4, values returned to baseline (morning 1), irrespective if athletes performed a training session or rested on day 3. Furthermore, sleep duration was significantly and negatively associated with changes in WBC (βz = -0.491) and lymphocytes (βz = -0.451). Our results indicate that overnight sleep duration is an important parameter of immunological overnight regulation for adolescent athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Steidten
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Prevention of Diseases Related to Professional Activities, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Philipp Baumbach
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Rico May
- Physical Education/English/Sports Theory, Sports High School, Johann Chr. Fr. GutsMuths Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Brunhild Gabriel
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Marco Herbsleb
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Adrian Markov
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael Kellmann
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger H. W. Gabriel
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Puta
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Prevention of Diseases Related to Professional Activities, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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21
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Huang J, Song P, Hang K, Chen Z, Zhu Z, Zhang Y, Xu J, Qin J, Wang B, Qu W, Huang Z, Liang C. Sleep Deprivation Disturbs Immune Surveillance and Promotes the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:727959. [PMID: 34539666 PMCID: PMC8446513 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.727959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbance is common in patients with cancer and is associated with poor prognosis. However, the effects of sleep deprivation (SD) on immune surveillance during the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HC) and the underlying mechanisms are not known. This was investigated in the present study using mouse models of SD and tumorigenesis. We determined that acute and chronic sleep deprivation (CSD) altered the relative proportions of various immune cell types in blood and peripheral organs. CSD increased tumor volume and weight, an effect that was enhanced with increasing CSD time. Expression of the cell proliferation marker Ki-67 was elevated in tumor tissues, and tumor cell infiltration into adjacent muscles was enhanced by CSD. Multicolor flow cytometry analysis revealed that CSD significantly reduced the numbers of antitumor CD3+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells and increased that of immunosuppressive CD11b+ cells infiltrating into the tumor microenvironment from the spleen via the peripheral blood. These results indicate that CSD impairs immune surveillance mechanisms and promotes immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment to accelerate tumor growth, underscoring the importance of alleviating sleep disturbance in HC patients in order to prevent HC progression.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Animals
- CD11b Antigen/metabolism
- CD3 Complex/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Chronic Disease
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Sleep Deprivation/immunology
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Tumor Burden
- Tumor Escape
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiwen Song
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaibin Hang
- Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeka Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education (MOE) Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zidan Zhu
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuye Zhang
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jietian Xu
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Qin
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Binghua Wang
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weimin Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education (MOE) Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhili Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education (MOE) Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunmin Liang
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Nowak K, Łukomska B. The impact of shift work on the well-being and subjective levels of alertness and sleepiness in firefighters and rescue service workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2021; 27:1056-1063. [PMID: 34082652 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2021.1933320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Shift work can be associated with health and sleep problems, which may lead to cognitive impairment. This study investigated the effects of shift work on sleep, health behaviours and cognitive functions of Polish rescue service workers. We tested 18 paramedics working 12-h shifts, 15 firefighters working 24-h shifts and 17 daytime workers. We measured general sleepiness, workload during shifts and the occurrence of health behaviours. Additionally, we measured attention, executive function and subjective alertness. Paramedics showed lower average sleep duration and quality, and fewer health behaviours than firefighters and the control group. However, no differences were found in performance on cognitive tests between the groups and between the measures. The results indicate that the differences in job specificity may contribute to the effects of shift work on the sleep and health of the workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Nowak
- Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), Poland
| | - Barbara Łukomska
- Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), Poland
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Ellis JO, Lee BJ, Turner JE. One night of sleep fragmentation does not affect exercise-induced leukocyte trafficking or mitogen-stimulated leukocyte oxidative burst in healthy men. Physiol Behav 2021; 239:113506. [PMID: 34174325 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined whether one night of sleep fragmentation alters circulating leukocyte counts and mitogen-stimulated oxidative burst by leukocytes at rest and in response to an acute bout of vigorous exercise. METHODS In a randomised crossover design, nine healthy men (mean ± SD: age 22 ± 2 years; BMI 24.9 ± 1.9 kg/m2) were exposed to one night of fragmented or uninterrupted sleep before cycling for 45 min at 71% ± 4% V̇O2peak. Finger-tip blood samples were collected at rest, immediately post-exercise and one-hour post-exercise. Total leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils were counted. Leukocyte oxidative burst was assessed in whole blood by measuring Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production with luminol-amplified chemiluminescence after stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). RESULTS Exercise elicited the expected trafficking pattern of leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils. Compared to rest, PMA-stimulated ROS production was increased one-hour post-exercise (+73% ± 65%; p = 0.019; data combined for fragmented and uninterrupted sleep). There were no statistically significant effects of fragmented sleep on leukocyte, lymphocyte, monocyte, and neutrophil counts or on ROS production at rest, immediately post-exercise or one-hour post-exercise (p > 0.05). However, with fragmented sleep, there was a +10% greater lymphocytosis immediately post-exercise (fragmented +40% ± 37%; uninterrupted +30% ± 35%; p = 0.51) and a -19% smaller neutrophilia by one-hour post-exercise (fragmented +103% ± 88%; uninterrupted +122% ± 131%; p = 0.72). CONCLUSION Fragmented sleep did not substantially alter the magnitude or pattern of exercise-induced leukocyte trafficking or mitogen-stimulated oxidative burst by leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James O Ellis
- University of Bath, Department for Health, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - Ben J Lee
- Environmental and Occupational Physiology Group, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry, UK
| | - James E Turner
- University of Bath, Department for Health, Claverton Down, Bath, UK.
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24
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Kishore K, Cusimano MD. The Fundamental Need for Sleep in Neurocritical Care Units: Time for a Paradigm Shift. Front Neurol 2021; 12:637250. [PMID: 34220667 PMCID: PMC8248989 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.637250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive neurological assessments in neurocritical care settings for unduly prolonged period result in profound sleep deprivation in those patients that confounds the true neurological status of these patients, and the mounting apprehension in providers can beget a vicious cycle of even more intensive neurological assessments resulting in further sleep deprivation from being constantly woken up to be “assessed.” This iatrogenic state drives these patients into deep sleep stages that impact spontaneous breathing trials, weaken immunity, and lead to unwarranted investigations and interventions. There is dwindling value of prolonged frequent neurochecks beyond the initial 24–48 h of an intracranial event. We insist that sleep must be considered on at least an equal par to other functions that are routinely assessed. We reason that therapeutic sleep must be allowed to these patients in suitable amounts especially beyond the first 36–48 h to achieve ideal and swift recovery. This merits a paradigm shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kislay Kishore
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael D Cusimano
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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25
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Richter K, Kellner S, Hillemacher T, Golubnitschaja O. Sleep quality and COVID-19 outcomes: the evidence-based lessons in the framework of predictive, preventive and personalised (3P) medicine. EPMA J 2021; 12:221-241. [PMID: 34122671 PMCID: PMC8185312 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sleep quality and duration play a pivotal role in maintaining physical and mental health. In turn, sleep shortage, deprivation and disorders are per evidence the risk factors and facilitators of a broad spectrum of disorders, amongst others including depression, stroke, chronic inflammation, cancers, immune defence insufficiency and individual predisposition to infection diseases with poor outcomes, for example, related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Keeping in mind that COVID-19-related global infection distribution is neither the first nor the last pandemic severely affecting societies around the globe to the costs of human lives accompanied with enormous economic burden, lessons by predictive, preventive and personalised (3P) medical approach are essential to learn and to follow being better prepared to defend against global pandemics. To this end, under extreme conditions such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, the reciprocal interrelationship between the sleep quality and individual outcomes becomes evident, namely, at the levels of disease predisposition, severe versus mild disease progression, development of disease complications, poor outcomes and related mortality for both - population and healthcare givers. The latter is the prominent example clearly demonstrating the causality of severe outcomes, when the long-lasting work overload and shift work rhythm evidently lead to the sleep shortage and/or deprivation that in turn causes immune response insufficiency and strong predisposition to the acute infection with complications. This article highlights and provides an in-depth analysis of the concerted risk factors related to the sleep disturbances under the COVID-19 pandemic followed by the evidence-based recommendations in the framework of predictive, preventive and personalised medical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kneginja Richter
- Outpatient Clinic for Sleep Disorders, University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany
- Faculty for Social Work, Technical University of Applied Sciences Nuremberg Georg Simon Ohm, 90489 Nuremberg, Germany
- Faculty for Medical Sciences, University Goce Delcev Stip, 2000 Stip, North Macedonia
| | - Stefanie Kellner
- Faculty for Social Work, Technical University of Applied Sciences Nuremberg Georg Simon Ohm, 90489 Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hillemacher
- Outpatient Clinic for Sleep Disorders, University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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26
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Immunosurveillance of Cancer and Viral Infections with Regard to Alterations of Human NK Cells Originating from Lifestyle and Aging. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050557. [PMID: 34067700 PMCID: PMC8156987 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic immune cells with an innate capacity for eliminating cancer cells and virus- infected cells. NK cells are critical effector cells in the immunosurveillance of cancer and viral infections. Patients with low NK cell activity or NK cell deficiencies are predisposed to increased risks of cancer and severe viral infections. However, functional alterations of human NK cells are associated with lifestyles and aging. Personal lifestyles, such as cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, stress, obesity, and aging are correlated with NK cell dysfunction, whereas adequate sleep, moderate exercise, forest bathing, and listening to music are associated with functional healthy NK cells. Therefore, adherence to a healthy lifestyle is essential and will be favorable for immunosurveillance of cancer and viral infections with healthy NK cells.
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27
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Gaskell SK, Rauch CE, Parr A, Costa RJS. Diurnal versus Nocturnal Exercise-Effect on the Gastrointestinal Tract. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:1056-1067. [PMID: 33065594 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to determine the effect of diurnal versus nocturnal exercise on gastrointestinal integrity and functional responses, plasma lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and soluble CD14 (sCD14) concentrations (as indirect indicators of endotoxin responses), systemic inflammatory cytokine profile, gastrointestinal symptoms, and feeding tolerance. METHODS Endurance runners (n = 16) completed 3 h of 60% V˙O2max (22.7°C, 45% relative humidity) running, on one occasion performed at 0900 h (400 lx; DAY) and on another occasion at 2100 h (2 lx; NIGHT). Blood samples were collected pre- and postexercise and during recovery to determine plasma concentrations of cortisol, catecholamines, claudin-3, I-FABP, LBP, and sCD14 and inflammatory cytokine profiles by ELISA. Orocecal transit time (OCTT) was determined by lactulose challenge test given at 150 min, with concomitant breath hydrogen (H2) and gastrointestinal symptom determination. RESULTS Cortisol increased substantially pre- to postexercise on NIGHT (+182%) versus DAY (+4%) (trial-time, P = 0.046), with no epinephrine (+41%) and norepinephrine (+102%) trial differences. I-FABP, but not claudin-3, increased pre- to postexercise on both trials (mean = 2269 pg·mL-1, 95% confidence interval = 1351-3187, +143%) (main effect of time [MEOT], P < 0.001). sCD14 increased pre- to postexercise (trial-time, P = 0.045, +5.6%) and was greater on DAY, but LBP decreased (MEOT, P = 0.019, -11.2%) on both trials. No trial difference was observed for systemic cytokine profile (MEOT, P = 0.004). Breath H2 responses (P = 0.019) showed that OCTT was significantly delayed on NIGHT (>84 min, with n = 3 showing no breath H2 turning point by 180 min postexercise) compared with DAY (mean = 54 min, 95% confidence interval = 29-79). NIGHT resulted in greater total gastrointestinal symptoms (P = 0.009) compared with DAY. No difference in feeding tolerance markers was observed between trials. CONCLUSION Nocturnal exercise instigates greater gastrointestinal functional perturbations and symptoms compared with diurnal exercise. However, there are no circadian differences to gastrointestinal integrity and systemic perturbations in response to the same exertional stress and controlled procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie K Gaskell
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, AUSTRALIA
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28
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Kow CS, Hasan SS. Do sleep quality and sleep duration before or after COVID-19 vaccination affect antibody response? Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:941-943. [PMID: 33771061 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1900216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia Siang Kow
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
| | - Syed Shahzad Hasan
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK.,School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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29
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Abstract
Sleep is fundamental for everyday functioning, yet it is often negatively impacted in critically ill patients by the intensive care setting. With a focus on the neurological intensive care unit (NeuroICU), this narrative review summarizes methods of measuring sleep and addresses common causes of sleep disturbance in the hospital including environmental, pharmacological, and patient-related factors. The effects of sleep deprivation on the cardiovascular, pulmonary, immune, endocrine, and neuropsychological systems are discussed, with a focus on short-term deprivation in critically ill populations. Where evidence is lacking in the literature, long-term sleep deprivation studies and the effects of sleep deprivation in healthy individuals are also referenced. Lastly, strategies for the promotion of sleep in the NeuroICU are presented.
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30
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Holmen H, Riiser K, Løyland B, Sandbekken IH, Almendingen K, Andenæs R, Bjørnnes AK, Fagerlund BH, Früh EA, Helseth S, Kvarme LG, Leegaard M, Misvær N, Pallesen S, Rasalingam A, Ravn I, Ribu L, Rostad HM, Sparboe-Nilsen B, Sæterstrand TM, Torbjørnsen A, Utne I, Valeberg BT, Valla L, Winger A, Grov EK. Students' top 10 priorities of research uncertainties on students' sleep: a pragmatic James Lind Alliance approach. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e043697. [PMID: 33500290 PMCID: PMC7839855 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inspired by the James Lind Alliance (JLA) user involvement approach, the aim of the present study was to identify the top 10 uncertainties for sleep research raised by students in higher education, and to discuss our experiences with adapting the JLA method to a student population. DESIGN The study design is a pragmatic JLA approach, including a priority setting partnership within the field of sleep, collection of sleep-related research uncertainties as reported by students in higher education, sorting of the uncertainties and a final identification of the top 10 uncertainties through collaborative work between researchers, students, stakeholders and experts in the field. Uncertainties were collected using a one-question online survey: 'as a student, which question(s) do you consider to be important with regards to sleep?'. A variety of approaches were applied to promote the survey to the students, including social media, radio, the university website, stands in university cafeterias and a sleep stunt. NVivo V.12 was used to code and sort the questions. SETTING A higher education institution in Norway. PARTICIPANTS 555 students. RESULTS The data collection provided 608 uncertainties, and the following prioritised top 10: (1) screen time, (2) stress, (3) educational achievements, (4) social relations, (5) mental health, (6) physical activity, (7) indoor environment, (8) substance abuse, (9) shift work and (10) sleep quality. Despite successful data collection, we found sleep to be a broad topic, and defining specific questions throughout the sorting and verification process proved difficult. CONCLUSIONS We identified the prioritised top 10 research uncertainties as reported by students in higher education, ranking screen time first. However, the process was time and resource consuming. The research uncertainties addressed by the students showed great diversity, characterised by heterogeneity and a lack of specificity, making verification of the uncertainties challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Holmen
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsti Riiser
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Borghild Løyland
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida Hellum Sandbekken
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kari Almendingen
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Randi Andenæs
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ann Kristin Bjørnnes
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bettina Holmberg Fagerlund
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elena Albertini Früh
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sølvi Helseth
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisbeth Gravdal Kvarme
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Leegaard
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nina Misvær
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- University of Bergen Faculty of Social Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anurajee Rasalingam
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Ravn
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lis Ribu
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne Marie Rostad
- Centre for Care Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjovik Campus, Gjovik, Norway
| | - Bente Sparboe-Nilsen
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Hospitality, Culinary Arts and Meal Science, Örebro Universitet, Campus Grythyttan, Grythyttan, Sweden
| | - Torill Margaret Sæterstrand
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Astrid Torbjørnsen
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Utne
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit Taraldsen Valeberg
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisbeth Valla
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anette Winger
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellen Karine Grov
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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31
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Kim DK, Lee BC, Park KJ, Son GM. Effect of obstructive sleep apnea on immunity in cases of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 14:390-398. [PMID: 33541034 PMCID: PMC8606288 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2020.02250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyp (wNP) is a more severe inflammatory form of CRS that often coexists with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, little is known the relationship between OSA and immunologic profile on patients with CRSwNP. We aimed to investigate the immune profile of patients with CRSwNP according to OSA severity. Methods This study included 63 patients with CRSwNP and nine control subjects. Protein levels of inflammatory mediators were determined using multiplex immunoassay. All patients underwent standard polysomnography. Results We found that, in patients with eosinophilic CRSwNP (ECRSwNP), IL-6 and CXCL-1 (type 1 immune-related markers) were upregulated in cases of moderate-to-severe OSA. Additionally, IL-4, IL-13, CCL-11, CCL-24 (type 2 immune-related markers), and IL-17A (type 3 immune-related marker) were increased in patients with moderate-to-severe OSA. Though there were no significant differences in type 1, 2, or 3 immune-related markers among patients with non-eosinophilic CRSwNP (NECRSwNP) according to the severity of OSA, TGF--β expression was increased in those with moderate-to-severe OSA. Furthermore, in ECRSwNP with moderate-to-severe OSA, associations were detected between serum markers and some upregulated inflammatory markers. Conclusion Our findings revealed that OSA may increase the heterogeneity of immune profiles (types 1, 2, and 3) in patients with ECRSwNP but not in those with NECRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.,Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Chan Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Joon Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil Myeong Son
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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32
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Cakan P, Yildiz S. Effects of Half- or Whole-Night Shifts on Physiological and Cognitive Parameters in Women. Am J Med Sci 2020; 360:525-536. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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33
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Workers’ Aging Management—Human Fatigue at Work: An Experimental Offices Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10217693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aging issue in the work context is becoming a significant element of the future sustainability of service and industrial companies. It is well known that with increasing worker age the problem of maintaining the performance and the safety level when fatigue increases is a crucial point, and fatigue increases with the age. Due to social and political developments, especially in Western countries, the retirement age is increasing and companies operate with a higher workforce mean age. Therefore, the problem of recognizing and measuring fatigue has become a key aspect in the management of aging. Note that in the scientific engineering field, the problem of fatigue evaluation when a worker is performing his/her work activities is an important issue in the industrial and service world and especially in the context of the researchers that are investigating the human reliability assessment. As it is clear from the literature, the industrial operations management are suffering from some misleading concepts that only the medicine scientific context can clarify. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to define what are the open issues and the misleading concepts present in the classical fatigue evaluation methods, and second to define two experimental curves of fatigue that will help the decision makers to minimize the impact of fatigue on the workers, thus maximizing the sustainability of the working tasks assigned. This aim is achieved by examining the medical literature about the measurement of a particular kind of fatigue related to the circadian cycle, i.e., the cognitive one; after that, a survey about the possible technologies for measurements is performed. On the basis of technology selection, an experiment on real work activities is performed and some remarkable results about the fatigue in the workers observed and the technology use and its limitations are defined.
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34
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Mello MTD, Silva A, Guerreiro RDC, da-Silva FR, Esteves AM, Poyares D, Piovezan R, Treptow E, Starling M, Rosa DS, Pires GN, Andersen ML, Tufik S. Sleep and COVID-19: considerations about immunity, pathophysiology, and treatment. Sleep Sci 2020; 13:199-209. [PMID: 33381288 PMCID: PMC7755266 DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20200062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The fear and uncertainty caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, threats to survival are one of the main problems of everyday life; however, mental health care must also be considered a priority. During social isolation also called self-quarantine, the restricted mobility and social contact, concern about financial resources and availability of supplies, fear of infection, questions about the duration of self-quarantine, cause anxiety, depression, stress, insomnia and reduced the quality and quantity of sleep, that may present a greater risk to the health of the general population. Sleep disorders are increasingly becoming a major health issue in modern society, and are influenced by retinal stimulation by electronic devices, as well extended and/or night shift-work, which may aggravate the systemic and lung inflammation during viral infections. Sleep disorders can induce pro-inflammatory states and be harmful during the COVID-19 pandemic. The possible interactions between many drugs used to treat COVID-19, and those used to treat sleep disorders are unknown, mostly due to the lack of a standard protocol to treat these patients. Insufficient sleep or irregular sleep-wake cycles may impair health, immune system, induce pro-inflammation state, and may lead to increased vulnerability to viral infections, involving inflammatory and oxidative/antioxidant imbalance. In this sense, obstructive sleep apnea has been associated with recognized COVID-19 risk comorbidities and considered a risk factor for COVID-19. During the COVID-19 pandemic, health care cannot stop, and telemedicine has presented itself as an alternative method of delivering services. When a face-to-face visit is mandatory, or in locations with minimal community transmission where sleep centers have resumed activities, it is important that the sleep center facilities are properly prepared to receive the patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, and follow all relevant safety rules. In this work we gathered a group of researchers, specialists in aspects related to chronobiology, sleep, sleep disorders, and the immune system. Thus, we conducted a narrative review in order to address the relationship between COVID-19 and sleep, as well as its immunological aspects and strategies that may be applied in order to mitigate the harmful effects on health that affects everyone during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Túlio De Mello
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Esportes - Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais - Brazil
| | - Andressa Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Esportes - Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais - Brazil
| | | | - Flavia Rodrigues da-Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Esportes - Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais - Brazil
| | - Andrea Maculano Esteves
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas - Limeira - São Paulo - Brazil
| | - Dalva Poyares
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia - São Paulo - São Paulo - Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Piovezan
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia - São Paulo - São Paulo - Brazil
| | - Erika Treptow
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia - São Paulo - São Paulo - Brazil
| | - Marcelo Starling
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Esportes - Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais - Brazil
| | - Daniela Santoro Rosa
- Federal University of São Paulo, Departament of Microbiology, Imunology and Parasitology - São Paulo - São Paulo - Brazil
| | - Gabriel Natan Pires
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia - São Paulo - São Paulo - Brazil
- Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences - São Paulo - São Paulo - Brazil
| | - Monica Levy Andersen
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia - São Paulo - São Paulo - Brazil
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia - São Paulo - São Paulo - Brazil
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35
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Ye Y, Zhang L, Wang A, Wang Y, Wang S, Ning G, Mu Y. Association of sleep duration with stroke, myocardial infarction, and tumors in a Chinese population with metabolic syndrome: a retrospective study. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:155. [PMID: 32593309 PMCID: PMC7321539 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have suggested that abnormal sleep duration is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, evidence on the association of sleep duration with stroke, myocardial infarction (MI) and tumors in populations with MetS is limited. Methods A total of 8968 participants (2754 with MetS at baseline) were recruited in this retrospective study between March 2012 and December 2012. The baseline characteristics and information on sleep duration were collected by self-reported questionnaires. In addition, physical examination and blood test were also performed. The outcome events in this study were new onset of stroke, MI and tumors during subsequent follow-up. Multivariate logistic regressions were adopted to investigate the relationships between sleep duration and outcome events among different sleep duration groups (< 6 h, 6–7 h, 7–8 h [reference], 8–9 h, and > 9 h per day) in participants with MetS. Results The mean self-reported total sleep duration was 7.8 ± 1.2 h. Compared with participants with MetS slept for 7–8 h per day, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for those slept for > 9 h in stroke, MI and tumors were 2.014 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.184–3.426, P = 0.010), 1.731 (95% CI: 0.896–3.344, P = 0.102) and 2.159 (95% CI: 0.991–4.704, P = 0.053), respectively, whereas the adjusted ORs for those slept for < 6 h in stroke, MI and tumors were 2.249 (95% CI: 0.973–5.195, P = 0.058), 1.213 (95% CI, 0.358–4.104, P = 0.756) and 1.743 (95% CI, 0.396–7.668, P = 0.462), respectively. Conclusions Long sleep duration (> 9 h) significantly increased the risk of stroke but not MI and tumors in individuals with MetS compared with 7–8 h of sleep duration. Short sleep duration (< 6 h) was not associated with the increased risk of stroke, MI and tumors in individuals with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Chest Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, No.28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Linxi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chest Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Anping Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chest Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yuxia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chest Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, No.28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Shiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chest Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, No.28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Mu
- Department of Endocrinology, Chest Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China. .,Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, No.28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Cole JL. Steroid-Induced Sleep Disturbance and Delirium: A Focused Review for Critically Ill Patients. Fed Pract 2020; 37:260-267. [PMID: 32669778 PMCID: PMC7357890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insomnia and delirium have gained much attention since the publication of recent guidelines for the management in critically ill adults. Neurologic effects such as sleep disturbance, psychosis, and delirium are commonly cited adverse effects (AEs) of corticosteroids. Steroid use is considered a modifiable risk factor in intensive care unit patients; however, reported mechanisms are often lacking. This focused review will specifically evaluate the effects of steroids on sleep deprivation, psychosis, delirium, and what is known about these effects in a critically ill population. OBSERVATIONS The medical literature proposes 3 pathways primarily responsible for neurocognitive AEs of steroids: behavior changes through modification of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, changes in natural sleep-wake cycles, and hyperarousal caused by modification in neuroinhibitory pathways. Initial search fields produced 285 articles. Case reports, reviews, letters, and articles pertaining to primary care or palliative populations were excluded, leaving 8 relevant articles for inclusion. CONCLUSIONS Although steroid therapy often cannot be altered in the critically ill population, research showed that steroid overuse is common in intensive care units. Minimizing dosage and duration are important ways clinicians can mitigate AEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Cole
- is a Critical Care and Internal Medicine Pharmacy Specialist at the Veterans Health Care System of the Ozarks in Fayetteville, Arkansas
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37
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Silva FRD, Guerreiro RDC, Andrade HDA, Stieler E, Silva A, de Mello MT. Does the compromised sleep and circadian disruption of night and shiftworkers make them highly vulnerable to 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19)? Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:607-617. [PMID: 32432519 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1756841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Rotating and permanent night shiftwork schedules typically result in acute and sometimes chronic sleep deprivation plus acute and sometimes chronic disruption of the circadian time structure. Immune system processes and functionalities are organized as circadian rhythms, and they are also strongly influenced by sleep status. Sleep is a vital behavioral state of living beings and a modulator of immune function and responsiveness. Shiftworkers show increased risk for developing viral infections due to possible compromise of both innate and acquired immunity responses. Short sleep and sleep loss, common consequences of shiftwork, are associated with altered integrity of the immune system. We discuss the possible excess risk for COVID-19 infection in the context of the common conditions among shiftworkers, including nurses, doctors, and first responders, among others of high exposure to the contagion, of sleep imbalance and circadian disruption. ABBREVIATIONS ACE2: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; APC: Antigen.-presenting .cells; CCL: Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand; CD+: .Adhesion molecule expression; COVID-19: 2019 coronavirus disease; DCs: Dendritic cells; GH: Growth hormone; HPA: Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal; HSF: Heat shock factor; HSP70: Heat shock protein 70; HSP90: Heat shock protein 90; IL: Interleukin; INFγ: Interferon-gamma; LT/LB: T/B lymphocytes; MHC: Major histocompatibility complex; NK: Natural .killer; RAAS: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; SARS: .Severe acute respiratory syndrome; SCN: Suprachiasmatic nucleus;SD: Sleep deprivation; SNS: Sympathetic nervous system; Th1/Th2: T helper lymphocytes 1/2; TLR2/TLR4: Toll-like receptor 2/4; TNF-α: Tumor .necrosis .factor alpha; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eduardo Stieler
- Department of Sports, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Andressa Silva
- Department of Sports, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marco Túlio de Mello
- Department of Sports, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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38
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Minich DM, Hanaway PJ. The Functional Medicine Approach to COVID-19: Nutrition and Lifestyle Practices for Strengthening Host Defense. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2020; 19:54-62. [PMID: 33041708 PMCID: PMC7482148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The developing symptoms of COVID-19, as well as the progression of illness and fatality, are a clearly a function of the overall health status of the individual. Complex, chronic diseases such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes are directly correlated with risk of disease severity and mortality. We explore lifestyle interventions that have specifically been demonstrated to strengthen host defense, reduce the probability and mitigate the severity of viral infection. Lifestyle interventions, from a Functional Medicine perspective, include nutrition, sleep, exercise, stress reduction, and connection. These factors, when in balance, provide a foundation for optimal health and immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Minich
- Human Nutrition and Functional Medicine Graduate Program, University of Western States, Portland, OR
| | - P J Hanaway
- The Institute for Functional Medicine COVID-19 Task Force, Federal Way, WA
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39
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Ye Y, Zhang L, Yan W, Wang A, Wang W, Gao Z, Tang X, Yan L, Wan Q, Luo Z, Qin G, Chen L, Wang S, Wang Y, Mu Y. Self-reported sleep duration and daytime napping are associated with renal hyperfiltration and microalbuminuria in an apparently healthy Chinese population. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214776. [PMID: 31469836 PMCID: PMC6716775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep duration affects health in various ways. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationships among sleep duration, daytime napping and kidney function in a middle-aged apparently healthy Chinese population. Methods According to self-reported total sleep and daytime napping durations, 33,850 participants who were 38–90 years old and recruited from eight regional centers were divided into subgroups. Height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure, biochemical indexes, fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PBG), HbA1c, creatinine and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) were measured and recorded for each subject. Microalbuminuria was defined as UACR ≥30 mg/g, chronic kidney disease (CKD) was defined as eGFR <60 ml/min, and hyperfiltration was defined as eGFR ≥135 ml/min. Multiple logistic regression was applied to investigate the association between sleep and kidney function. Results Compared to sleeping for 7–8 h/day, the ORs for microalbuminuria for sleeping for >9 h/day, 8–9 h/day 6–7 h/day and <6 h/day were 1.343 (1.228–1.470, P<0.001), 1.223 (1.134–1.320, P<0.001), 1.130 (1.003–1.273, P = 0.045) and 1.140 (0.908–1.431, P = 0.259), respectively. The eGFR levels exhibited a U-shaped association with sleep duration among subjects with an eGFR ≥90 ml/min and an N-shaped association with sleep duration among subjects with an eGFR <90 ml/min. The OR for hyperfiltration for >9 h/day of sleep was 1.400 (1.123–1.745, P = 0.003) among participants with an eGFR ≥90 ml/min. Daytime napping had a negative effect on renal health. Compared to the absence of a napping habit, the ORs for microalbuminuria for 0–1 h/day, 1–1.5 h/day and >1.5 h/day of daytime napping were 1.552 (1.444–1.668, P<0.001), 1.301 (1.135–1.491, P<0.001) and 1.567 (1.353–1.814, P<0.001), respectively. Conclusion The association of total sleep duration with renal health outcomes is U-shaped. Daytime napping has a negative effect on renal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Linxi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhua Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Anping Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengnan Gao
- Center Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xulei Tang
- Lanzhou University First Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Li Yan
- Zhongshan University Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin Wan
- Southwest Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zuojie Luo
- Guangxi Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guijun Qin
- Zhengzhou University First affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Wuhan Union Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiming Mu
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail:
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40
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Hanprathet N, Lertmaharit S, Lohsoonthorn V, Rattananupong T, Ammaranond P, Jiamjarasrangsi W. Shift Work and Leukocyte Count Changes among Workers in Bangkok. Ann Work Expo Health 2019; 63:689-700. [PMID: 31211837 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxz039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous epidemiological evidence for the association of shift work exposure and increased leukocyte count is cross-sectional in nature, thus limiting cause-effect inference. We therefore used a longitudinal design to: (i) compare leukocyte counts at baseline between shift and day workers and (ii) examine the time trend of leukocyte counts over the follow-up period for these workers. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 6737 workers aged <60 years at two large organizations (a humanitarian organization and a university) in Bangkok, Thailand who had participated in at least two annual health check-ups during the period 2005-2016. Shift work exposure history was assessed by a self-administered questionnaire and categorized into day, former, and current shift workers. Data on leukocyte count were collected annually as part of worksite health screening during the observation period. Association of shift work exposure and increased leukocyte count was then examined cross-sectionally and longitudinally by using multiple linear regression and multilevel analysis of repeated measures data, respectively. In addition, trends for leukocyte count over the follow-up period and work years were examined using LOWESS smooth curves. RESULTS Compared to day work, the current shift work was associated with increased leukocyte counts. The magnitude of percentage increase was the highest for basophil counts, followed by eosinophil and lymphocyte counts. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence revealed this association, although it was less pronounced longitudinally. For total leukocyte count, the magnitude of difference was constant across the 11-year follow-up period. However, for lymphocyte and basophil counts, these discrepancies tapered over the work years until they no longer differed (for lymphocyte count) or even differed in the opposite direction (for basophil count) in later work years. CONCLUSION This study confirmed previous cross-sectional evidence that shift work exposure-increased leukocyte counts and that this was reversible. Whether this increase in immune cell count also results in an increased immune cell activity and serves as the intermediary in the association between shift work exposure and subsequent chronic disease development needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitt Hanprathet
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somrat Lertmaharit
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vitool Lohsoonthorn
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanapoom Rattananupong
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Palanee Ammaranond
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wiroj Jiamjarasrangsi
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross, Bangkok, Thailand
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41
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Besedovsky L, Lange T, Haack M. The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1325-1380. [PMID: 30920354 PMCID: PMC6689741 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00010.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 642] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep and immunity are bidirectionally linked. Immune system activation alters sleep, and sleep in turn affects the innate and adaptive arm of our body's defense system. Stimulation of the immune system by microbial challenges triggers an inflammatory response, which, depending on its magnitude and time course, can induce an increase in sleep duration and intensity, but also a disruption of sleep. Enhancement of sleep during an infection is assumed to feedback to the immune system to promote host defense. Indeed, sleep affects various immune parameters, is associated with a reduced infection risk, and can improve infection outcome and vaccination responses. The induction of a hormonal constellation that supports immune functions is one likely mechanism underlying the immune-supporting effects of sleep. In the absence of an infectious challenge, sleep appears to promote inflammatory homeostasis through effects on several inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines. This notion is supported by findings that prolonged sleep deficiency (e.g., short sleep duration, sleep disturbance) can lead to chronic, systemic low-grade inflammation and is associated with various diseases that have an inflammatory component, like diabetes, atherosclerosis, and neurodegeneration. Here, we review available data on this regulatory sleep-immune crosstalk, point out methodological challenges, and suggest questions open for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Besedovsky
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany ; Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Tanja Lange
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany ; Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Monika Haack
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany ; Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
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42
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Sleep deprivation alters neutrophil functions and levels of Th1-related chemokines and CD4+ T cells in the blood. Sleep Breath 2019; 23:1331-1339. [DOI: 10.1007/s11325-019-01851-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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43
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MORENO CR, MARQUEZE EC, SARGENT C, WRIGHT KP, FERGUSON SA, TUCKER P. Working Time Society consensus statements: Evidence-based effects of shift work on physical and mental health. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2019; 57:139-157. [PMID: 30700667 PMCID: PMC6449637 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.sw-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Potential effects of shift work on health are probably related to the misalignment between the light-dark cycle and the human activity-rest cycle. Light exposure at night mediates these effects, including social misalignment and leads to an inversion of activity and rest, which, in turn, is linked to changes in behaviours. This article reviews the epidemiological evidence on the association between shift work and health, and possible mechanisms underlying this association. First, evidence from findings of the meta-analyses and systematic reviews published in the last 10 yr is presented. In addition, it reports the larger single-occupation studies and recent large population-based studies of the general workforce. Koch's postulates were used to evaluate the evidence related to the development of disease as a result of exposure to shift work. Finally, we discussed limitations of the multiple pathways that link shift work with specific disorders and the methodological challenges facing shift work research. We concluded that the clearest indications of shift work being the cause of a disease are given when there is a substantial body of evidence from high quality field studies showing an association and there is good evidence from laboratory studies supporting a causal explanation of the link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia R.C. MORENO
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo,
Brazil
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | | | - Charli SARGENT
- Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, School of Health,
Medical, and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Australia
| | - Kenneth P. WRIGHT
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado
Boulder, USA
| | - Sally A. FERGUSON
- Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, School of Health,
Medical, and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Australia
| | - Philip TUCKER
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, UK
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Varanoske AN, Wells AJ, Kozlowski GJ, Gepner Y, Frosti CL, Boffey D, Coker NA, Harat I, Hoffman JR. Effects of β-alanine supplementation on physical performance, cognition, endocrine function, and inflammation during a 24 h simulated military operation. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13938. [PMID: 30565426 PMCID: PMC6299243 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained military operations (SUSOPs) are associated with performance decrements and cognitive dysfunction. β-Alanine (BA) supplementation may have a role in increasing soldier resiliency by enhancing muscle-buffering capacity and reducing oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of BA on physical performance, cognition, endocrine function, and inflammation during a 24 h simulated SUSOP. Nineteen males were randomized into one of two groups: BA (n = 10) or placebo (n = 9; PLA) (12 g/day) for 14 days preceding the 24 h SUSOP. Assessments were performed at 0 h (0H), 12 h (12H), and 24 h (24H) during the SUSOP. No changes in visual tracking ability, jump power, or upper-body muscular endurance were observed between groups or time points (P's > 0.05). Increases in subjective feelings of soreness and fatigue were noted at 12H compared to 0H (P < 0.05) in PLA, but not in BA. Visual reaction time for PLA was slower at 24H compared to 0H (P = 0.035), and PLA made more errors on reaction time testing at 12H compared to BA (P = 0.048), but motor reaction time was faster (P = 0.016) for PLA. Simulated litter carry and 1 km run completion times increased at 24H compared to 0H in both groups (P < 0.05), however, PLA had a longer 1 km time compared to BA at 24H (P = 0.050). Increases in inflammatory and endocrine markers were observed over the SUSOP, with no differences between groups. BA supplementation appears to maintain some aspects of cognition and physical performance during a 24 h SUSOP, with no effects on endocrine function or inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa N. Varanoske
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, Educational and Human Sciences, Sport and Exercise ScienceUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFlorida
| | - Adam J. Wells
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, Educational and Human Sciences, Sport and Exercise ScienceUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFlorida
| | - Gregory J. Kozlowski
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, Educational and Human Sciences, Sport and Exercise ScienceUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFlorida
| | - Yftach Gepner
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, Educational and Human Sciences, Sport and Exercise ScienceUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFlorida
| | - Cheyanne L. Frosti
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, Educational and Human Sciences, Sport and Exercise ScienceUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFlorida
| | - David Boffey
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, Educational and Human Sciences, Sport and Exercise ScienceUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFlorida
| | - Nicholas A. Coker
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, Educational and Human Sciences, Sport and Exercise ScienceUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFlorida
| | - Idan Harat
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, Educational and Human Sciences, Sport and Exercise ScienceUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFlorida
| | - Jay R. Hoffman
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, Educational and Human Sciences, Sport and Exercise ScienceUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFlorida
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45
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Fan Z, Lu X, Long H, Li T, Zhang Y. The association of hemocyte profile and obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 33:e22680. [PMID: 30246267 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hemocyte profile is one of the most frequently requested clinical laboratory tests. However, the analysis of blood cell indexes of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients in previous studies was not comprehensive. And, this study aimed to fully analyze the blood routine in OSA patients. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on 1087 male patients, who were admitted to the sleep center of Nanfang Hospital from May 2013 to February 2018. According to the apnea hypopnea index (AHI), patients were divided into four groups: control group (AHI < 5, n = 135), mild OSA (5 ≦ AHI < 15, n = 185), moderate OSA (15 ≦ AHI < 30, n = 171), and severe OSA (AHI ≧ 30, n = 596). Data collected included sleep parameters, complete blood routine, body mass index (BMI), age, and comorbidities. RESULTS In our study, leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, MPV, and PDW-SD were statistically significant among the four groups based on AHI (P < 0.05), but no significant differences were found in MCV, RDW-SD, N/L, and P/L ratio (P > 0.05). Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, and MPV were significantly correlated with AHI. Moreover, multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that hematocrit (β = 73.254, P = 0.001), neutrophils (β = 1.414, P = 0.012), and lymphocytes (β = 4.228, P < 0.001) were independently associated with AHI. CONCLUSION Neutrophils, lymphocytes, and hematocrit were independently associated with OSA severity. And combining these three blood cell indicators could contribute to the diagnosis of OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqin Fan
- Sleep Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Lu
- Sleep Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Long
- Sleep Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taoping Li
- Sleep Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Health Care Center, Guangdong Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Guangzhou, China
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Pallesen S, Olsen OK, Eide EM, Nortvedt B, Grønli J, Larøi F, Nordmo M, Glomlien FE. Sleep deprivation and hallucinations. A qualitative study of military personnel. MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2018.1478561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ståle Pallesen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Olav K. Olsen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Royal Norwegian Naval Academy, Norway
| | - Elisabeth M. Eide
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Benedicte Nortvedt
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Janne Grønli
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frank Larøi
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- NORMENT – Norwegian Centre of Excellence for Mental Disorders Research, University of Oslo, Norway
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Morten Nordmo
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Fride E. Glomlien
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Tepebaşı MY, Şahin Calapoğlu N, Öztürk Ö, Sancer O, Gonca T. HLA-DRB1 allele frequency and immunological response in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in Turkish population. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2018; 12:2505-2512. [PMID: 30015400 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a complex, polygenic and multifactorial disease. The relationship between Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) polymorphisms and sleep disturbances has been established, but the relationship with HLA alleles has not been fully clarified. In addition, sleep deprivation in OSAS patients can cause changes that affect the components and responses of the immune system. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study has assessed the effect of HLA-DRB1 alleles on OSAS disease and the changes occurring in immune response cells in Turkish population. METHOD OSAS was diagnosed by polysomnography and severity was determined. PCR SSP and flow cytometry methods were used. RESULTS We found that DRB1*07 and DRB1*11 were significantly increased in the control group and DRB1*03 and DRB1*08 alleles in the patient group in our study (P = 0.048, P = 0.005, P = 0.012 and P = 0.030, respectively). DRB1*08 was significantly increased in patients with severe OSAS (P = 0.002). When the immunological response was examined in OSAS patients, there was a decrease in CD4, an increase in HLA DR, CD8 and NK cells (P = 0.002, P = 0.00, P = 0.020, P = 0.040, respectively). We also found that CD19 was reduced in severe OSAS (P = 0.048). CONCLUSION These results suggest that the DRB1*03 allele may play a predisposing role in OSAS disease and that the DRB1*08 allele may be related to the severity of the disease. In addition, the decrease in CD4, CD8, NK and HLA DR increase in this disease suggests that the disease causes impairment of the immunological system and may be associated with autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Önder Öztürk
- Department of Chest Diseases, University of Süleyman Demirel, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Okan Sancer
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Süleyman Demirel, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Taner Gonca
- Department of Chest Diseases, Isparta City Hospital, Isparta, Turkey
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Massie A, Boland E, Kapás L, Szentirmai É. Mice Lacking Alternatively Activated (M2) Macrophages Show Impairments in Restorative Sleep after Sleep Loss and in Cold Environment. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8625. [PMID: 29872141 PMCID: PMC5988741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26758-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between sleep, metabolism and immune functions has been described, but the cellular components of the interaction are incompletely identified. We previously reported that systemic macrophage depletion results in sleep impairment after sleep loss and in cold environment. These findings point to the role of macrophage-derived signals in maintaining normal sleep. Macrophages exist either in resting form, classically activated, pro-inflammatory (M1) or alternatively activated, anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes. In the present study we determined the contribution of M2 macrophages to sleep signaling by using IL-4 receptor α-chain-deficient [IL-4Rα knockout (KO)] mice, which are unable to produce M2 macrophages. Sleep deprivation induced robust increases in non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (NREMS) and slow-wave activity in wild-type (WT) animals. NREMS rebound after sleep deprivation was ~50% less in IL-4Rα KO mice. Cold exposure induced reductions in rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS) and NREMS in both WT and KO mice. These differences were augmented in IL-4Rα KO mice, which lost ~100% more NREMS and ~25% more REMS compared to WTs. Our finding that M2 macrophage-deficient mice have the same sleep phenotype as mice with global macrophage depletion reconfirms the significance of macrophages in sleep regulation and suggests that the main contributors are the alternatively activated M2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Massie
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Erin Boland
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Levente Kapás
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Éva Szentirmai
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA.
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA.
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Torres-Ruiz J, Sulli A, Cutolo M, Shoenfeld Y. Air Travel, Circadian Rhythms/Hormones, and Autoimmunity. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2018; 53:117-125. [PMID: 28244020 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-017-8599-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biological rhythms are fundamental for homeostasis and have recently been involved in the regulatory processes of various organs and systems. Circadian cycle proteins and hormones have a direct effect on the inflammatory response and have shown pro- or anti-inflammatory effects in animal models of autoimmune diseases. The cells of the immune system have their own circadian rhythm, and the light-dark cycle directly influences the inflammatory response. On the other hand, patients with autoimmune diseases characteristically have sleep disorders and fatigue, and in certain disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a frank periodicity in the signs and symptoms is recognized. The joint symptoms predominate in the morning, and apparently, subjects with RA have relative adrenal insufficiency, with a cortisol peak unable to control the late night load of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Transatlantic flights represent a challenge in the adjustment of biological rhythms, since they imply sleep deprivation, time zone changes, and potential difficulties for drug administration. In patients with autoimmune diseases, the use of DMARDs and prednisone at night is probably best suited to lessen morning symptoms. It is also essential to sleep during the trip to improve adaptation to the new time zone and to avoid, as far as possible, works involving flexible or nocturnal shifts. The study of proteins and hormones related to biological rhythms will demonstrate new pathophysiological pathways of autoimmune diseases, which will emphasize the use of general measures for sleep respect and methods for drug administration at key daily times to optimize their anti-inflammatory and immune modulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Torres-Ruiz
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico city, Mexico
| | - A Sulli
- Research Laboratories and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Director Postgraduate School on Rheumatology-Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS San Martino AOU, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Cutolo
- Research Laboratories and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Director Postgraduate School on Rheumatology-Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS San Martino AOU, Genoa, Italy
| | - Y Shoenfeld
- The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, 5265601, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
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Moreno-Villanueva M, von Scheven G, Feiveson A, Bürkle A, Wu H, Goel N. The degree of radiation-induced DNA strand breaks is altered by acute sleep deprivation and psychological stress and is associated with cognitive performance in humans. Sleep 2018; 41:4954606. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Moreno-Villanueva
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX
- Department of Biology, Molecular Toxicology Group, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Gudrun von Scheven
- Department of Biology, Molecular Toxicology Group, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Alan Feiveson
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- Department of Biology, Molecular Toxicology Group, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Honglu Wu
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX
| | - Namni Goel
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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