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Komissarov L, Manevski N, Groebke Zbinden K, Schindler T, Zitnik M, Sach-Peltason L. Actionable Predictions of Human Pharmacokinetics at the Drug Design Stage. Mol Pharm 2024. [PMID: 39132855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
We present a novel computational approach for predicting human pharmacokinetics (PK) that addresses the challenges of early stage drug design. Our study introduces and describes a large-scale data set of 11 clinical PK end points, encompassing over 2700 unique chemical structures to train machine learning models. To that end multiple advanced training strategies are compared, including the integration of in vitro data and a novel self-supervised pretraining task. In addition to the predictions, our final model provides meaningful epistemic uncertainties for every data point. This allows us to successfully identify regions of exceptional predictive performance, with an absolute average fold error (AAFE/geometric mean fold error) of less than 2.5 across multiple end points. Together, these advancements represent a significant leap toward actionable PK predictions, which can be utilized early on in the drug design process to expedite development and reduce reliance on nonclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Komissarov
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Nenad Manevski
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Groebke Zbinden
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Torsten Schindler
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Marinka Zitnik
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Lisa Sach-Peltason
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel 4070, Switzerland
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2
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Morahan H, Hancock N, Bero L, Rooney K. Experiences of early career researchers: Influences on the design and reporting of animal experiments, and the practical and emotional support needed to enhance best practice methods. Lab Anim 2024:236772241242850. [PMID: 39102526 DOI: 10.1177/00236772241242850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
While best practice methodology in animal research aims to address reproducibility and translational issues, awareness and implementation remains low. Preclinical systematic reviews have highlighted many flaws, including issues with internal validity and reporting. With early career researchers (ECRs) heavily involved in all aspects of animal experiments, it is crucial we understand what shapes their research practices. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 ECRs, including research masters, PhD and postdoctoral academics. Data were collected and analysed concurrently using constant comparison techniques and an iterative approach. Findings revealed low-level awareness of best practice recommendations but a desire to engage in dedicated workshops on designing and reporting animal experiments. Current laboratory practices and previous literature were main influences on research practice, more than institutional training. An unexpected finding was the discovery of ethical and emotional dilemmas ECRs faced when working with animals. This highlights the need for a multifaceted approach to better support junior researchers, both emotionally and practically, to encourage responsible science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Morahan
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicola Hancock
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa Bero
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The University of Colorado, Centre for Bioethics and Humanities
| | - Kieron Rooney
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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3
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Pound P, Ritskes-Hoitinga M. Will Labour help us transition away from pre-clinical animal research? BMJ 2024; 386:q1600. [PMID: 39029938 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.q1600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Merel Ritskes-Hoitinga
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Netherlands
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4
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Gajardo Cortez AIJ, Lillo-Moya J, San-Martín-Martinez D, Pozo-Martinez J, Morales P, Prieto JC, Aguayo R, Puentes Á, Ramos C, Silva S, Catalán M, Ramos K, Olea-Azar C, Rodrigo R. Safety and Pharmacokinetics of a Combined Antioxidant Therapy against Myocardial Reperfusion Injury: A Phase I Randomized Clinical Trial in Healthy Humans. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2024. [PMID: 38973337 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial reperfusion injury (MRI) accounts for up to 50% of the final size in acute myocardial infarction and other conditions associated with ischemia-reperfusion. Currently, there is still no therapy to prevent MRI, but it is well known that oxidative stress has a key role in its mechanism. We previously reduced MRI in rats through a combined antioxidant therapy (CAT) of ascorbic acid, N-acetylcysteine, and deferoxamine. This study determines the safety and pharmacokinetics of CAT in a Phase I clinical trial. Healthy subjects (n = 18) were randomized 2:1 to CAT or placebo (NaCl 0.9% i.v.). Two different doses/infusion rates of CATs were tested in a single 90-minute intravenous infusion. Blood samples were collected at specific times for 180 minutes to measure plasma drug concentrations (ascorbic acid, N-acetylcysteine, and deferoxamine) and oxidative stress biomarkers. Adverse events were registered during infusion and followed for 30 days. Both CAT1 and CAT2 significantly increased the CAT drug concentrations compared to placebo (P < .05). Most of the pharmacokinetic parameters were similar between CAT1 and CAT2. In total, 6 adverse events were reported, all nonserious and observed in CAT1. The ferric-reducing ability of plasma (an antioxidant biomarker) increased in both CAT groups compared to placebo (P < .001). The CAT is safe in humans and a potential treatment for patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing reperfusion therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham I J Gajardo Cortez
- Pathophysiology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Lillo-Moya
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel San-Martín-Martinez
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Josue Pozo-Martinez
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Química Médica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Pablo Morales
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan C Prieto
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Cardiovascular Department, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rubén Aguayo
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Occident Division, San Juan de Dios Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ángel Puentes
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Occident Division, San Juan de Dios Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristobal Ramos
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Campus Norte, Santiago, Chile
| | - Solange Silva
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Campus Norte, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mabel Catalán
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karla Ramos
- Intensive Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Olea-Azar
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ramón Rodrigo
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Bisio MMC, Jurado Medina LS, García-Bournissen F, Gulin JEN. Listen to what the animals say: a systematic review and meta-analysis of sterol 14-demethylase inhibitor efficacy for in vivo models of Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:248. [PMID: 38904688 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Sterol 14-demethylase (CYP51) inhibitors, encompassing new chemical entities and repurposed drugs, have emerged as promising candidates for Chagas disease treatment, based on preclinical studies reporting anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity. Triazoles like ravuconazole (RAV) and posaconazole (POS) progressed to clinical trials. Unexpectedly, their efficacy was transient in chronic Chagas disease patients, and their activity was not superior to benznidazole (BZ) treatment. This paper aims to summarize evidence on the global activity of CYP51 inhibitors against T. cruzi by applying systematic review strategies, risk of bias assessment, and meta-analysis from in vivo studies. PubMed and Embase databases were searched for original articles, obtaining fifty-six relevant papers meeting inclusion criteria. Characteristics of animal models, parasite strain, treatment schemes, and cure rates were extracted. Primary outcomes such as maximum parasitaemia values, survival, and parasitological cure were recorded for meta-analysis, when possible. The risk of bias was uncertain in most studies. Animals treated with itraconazole, RAV, or POS survived significantly longer than the infected non-treated groups (RR = 4.85 [3.62, 6.49], P < 0.00001), and they showed no differences with animals treated with positive control drugs (RR = 1.01 [0.98, 1.04], P = 0.54). Furthermore, the overall analysis showed that RAV or POS was not likely to achieve parasitological cure when compared with BZ or NFX treatment (OD = 0.49 [0.31, 0.77], P = 0.002). This systematic review contributes to understanding why the azoles had failed in clinical trials and, more importantly, how to improve the animal models of T. cruzi infection by filling the gaps between basic, translational, and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita María Catalina Bisio
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología (INP) 'Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben'-ANLIS 'Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán', Buenos Aires, Argentina. Av. Paseo Colón 568, C1097, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Smeldy Jurado Medina
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Mediche E Chirurgiche, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 2 Floor, 55. 40126, BO. Bologna, Italy
| | - Facundo García-Bournissen
- Division of Paediatric Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, 800 Commissioners Rd. E., Rm. B1-437., London, ON, Canada
| | - Julián Ernesto Nicolás Gulin
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490 (C1428ADN), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155 (C1121ABG), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Chan AML, Ng AMH, Yunus MHM, Idrus RH, Law JX, Yazid MD, Chin KY, Yusof MRM, Ng SN, Koh B, Lokanathan Y. Single high-dose intravenous injection of Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cell exerts protective effects in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:160. [PMID: 38835014 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03769-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a significant epidemiological problem worldwide. It is a pre-morbid, chronic and low-grade inflammatory disorder that precedes many chronic diseases. Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) could be used to treat MetS because they express high regenerative capacity, strong immunomodulatory properties and allogeneic biocompatibility. This study aims to investigate WJ-MSCs as a therapy against MetS in a rat model. METHODS Twenty-four animals were fed with high-fat high-fructose (HFHF) diet ad libitum. After 16 weeks, the animals were randomised into treatment groups (n = 8/group) and received a single intravenous administration of vehicle, that is, 3 × 106 cells/kg or 10 × 106 cells/kg of WJ-MSCs. A healthy animal group (n = 6) fed with a normal diet received the same vehicle as the control (CTRL). All animals were periodically assessed (every 4 weeks) for physical measurements, serum biochemistry, glucose tolerance test, cardiovascular function test and whole-body composition. Post-euthanasia, organs were weighed and processed for histopathology. Serum was collected for C-reactive protein and inflammatory cytokine assay. RESULTS The results between HFHF-treated groups and healthy or HFHF-CTRL did not achieve statistical significance (α = 0.05). The effects of WJ-MSCs were masked by the manifestation of different disease subclusters and continuous supplementation of HFHF diet. Based on secondary analysis, WJ-MSCs had major implications in improving cardiopulmonary morbidities. The lungs, liver and heart show significantly better histopathology in the WJ-MSC-treated groups than in the untreated CTRL group. The cells produced a dose-dependent effect (high dose lasted until week 8) in preventing further metabolic decay in MetS animals. CONCLUSIONS The establishment of safety and therapeutic proof-of-concept encourages further studies by improving the current therapeutic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Man Lung Chan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Ming Medical Sdn Bhd, D3-3 (2nd Floor), Block D3 Dana 1 Commercial Centre, Jalan PJU 1a/46, 47301, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Angela Min Hwei Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Heikal Mohd Yunus
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ruszymah Hj Idrus
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jia Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Dain Yazid
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rafizul Mohd Yusof
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - See Nguan Ng
- Ming Medical Sdn Bhd, D3-3 (2nd Floor), Block D3 Dana 1 Commercial Centre, Jalan PJU 1a/46, 47301, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Benson Koh
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yogeswaran Lokanathan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Bernardini C, Nesci S, La Mantia D, Salaroli R, Nauwelaerts N, Ventrella D, Elmi A, Trombetti F, Zannoni A, Forni M. Isolation and characterization of mammary epithelial cells derived from Göttingen Minipigs: A comparative study versus hybrid pig cells from the IMI-ConcePTION Project. Res Vet Sci 2024; 172:105244. [PMID: 38554548 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
The value of pig as "large animal model" is a well-known tool for translational medicine, but it can also be beneficial in studying animal health in a one-health vision. The ConcePTION Project aims to provide new information about the risks associated with medication use during breastfeeding, as this information is not available for most commonly used drugs. In the IMI-Conception context, Göttingen Minipigs have been preferred to hybrid pigs for their genetic stability and microbiological control. For the first time, in the present research, three primary cell cultures of mammary epithelial cells were isolated and characterized from Göttingen Minipigs (mpMECs), including their ability to create the epithelial barrier. In addition, a comparative analysis between Göttingen Minipigs and commercial hybrid pig mammary epithelial cells (pMECs) was conducted. Epithelial markers: CKs, CK18, E-CAD, ZO-1 and OCL, were expressed in both mpMECs and pMECs. RT2 Profiler PCR Array Pig Drug Transporters showed a similar profile in mRNA drug transporters. No difference in energy production under basal metabolic condition was evidenced, while under stressed state, a different metabolic behaviour was shown between mpMECs vs pMECs. TEER measurement and sodium fluorescein transport, indicated that mpMECs were able to create an epithelial barrier, although, this turned out to be less compact than pMECs. By comparing mpMECs with mammary epithelial cells isolated from Hybrid pigs (pMECs), although both cell lines have morphological and phenotypic characteristics that make them both useful in barrier studies, some specific differences exist and must be considered in a translational perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bernardini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell 'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell 'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Debora La Mantia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell 'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Roberta Salaroli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell 'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Nina Nauwelaerts
- KU Leuven Drug Delivery and Disposition Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven University, Belgium.
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell 'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alberto Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell 'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Trombetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell 'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Augusta Zannoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell 'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Monica Forni
- Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
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Škop V, Liu N, Xiao C, Stinson E, Chen KY, Hall KD, Piaggi P, Gavrilova O, Reitman ML. Beyond day and night: The importance of ultradian rhythms in mouse physiology. Mol Metab 2024; 84:101946. [PMID: 38657735 PMCID: PMC11070603 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Our circadian world shapes much of metabolic physiology. In mice ∼40% of the light and ∼80% of the dark phase time is characterized by bouts of increased energy expenditure (EE). These ultradian bouts have a higher body temperature (Tb) and thermal conductance and contain virtually all of the physical activity and awake time. Bout status is a better classifier of mouse physiology than photoperiod, with ultradian bouts superimposed on top of the circadian light/dark cycle. We suggest that the primary driver of ultradian bouts is a brain-initiated transition to a higher defended Tb of the active/awake state. Increased energy expenditure from brown adipose tissue, physical activity, and cardiac work combine to raise Tb from the lower defended Tb of the resting/sleeping state. Thus, unlike humans, much of mouse metabolic physiology is episodic with large ultradian increases in EE and Tb that correlate with the active/awake state and are poorly aligned with circadian cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtěch Škop
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Naili Liu
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cuiying Xiao
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Emma Stinson
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
| | - Kong Y Chen
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kevin D Hall
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paolo Piaggi
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA; Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa 56122, Italy
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marc L Reitman
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Vasconez Martinez MG, Frauenlob M, Rothbauer M. An update on microfluidic multi-organ-on-a-chip systems for reproducing drug pharmacokinetics: the current state-of-the-art. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024; 20:459-471. [PMID: 38832686 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2362183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advances in the accessibility of manufacturing technologies and iPSC-based modeling have accelerated the overall progress of organs-on-a-chip. Notably, the progress in multi-organ systems is not progressing with equal speed, indicating that there are still major technological barriers to overcome that may include biological relevance, technological usability as well as overall accessibility. AREAS COVERED We here review the progress in the field of multi-tissue- and body-on-a-chip pre and post- SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and review five selected studies with increasingly complex multi-organ chips aiming at pharmacological studies. EXPERT OPINION We discuss future and necessary advances in the field of multi-organ chips including how to overcome challenges regarding cell diversity, improved culture conditions, model translatability as well as sensor integrations to enable microsystems to cover organ-organ interactions in not only toxicokinetic but more importantly pharmacodynamic and -kinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Frauenlob
- CellChipGroup, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Rothbauer
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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10
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Kalla J, Pfneissl J, Mair T, Tran L, Egger G. A systematic review on the culture methods and applications of 3D tumoroids for cancer research and personalized medicine. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024:10.1007/s13402-024-00960-8. [PMID: 38806997 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease, and thus treatment responses vary greatly between patients. To improve therapy efficacy and outcome for cancer patients, more representative and patient-specific preclinical models are needed. Organoids and tumoroids are 3D cell culture models that typically retain the genetic and epigenetic characteristics, as well as the morphology, of their tissue of origin. Thus, they can be used to understand the underlying mechanisms of cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis in a more physiological setting. Additionally, co-culture methods of tumoroids and cancer-associated cells can help to understand the interplay between a tumor and its tumor microenvironment. In recent years, tumoroids have already helped to refine treatments and to identify new targets for cancer therapy. Advanced culturing systems such as chip-based fluidic devices and bioprinting methods in combination with tumoroids have been used for high-throughput applications for personalized medicine. Even though organoid and tumoroid models are complex in vitro systems, validation of results in vivo is still the common practice. Here, we describe how both animal- and human-derived tumoroids have helped to identify novel vulnerabilities for cancer treatment in recent years, and how they are currently used for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kalla
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Janette Pfneissl
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresia Mair
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Loan Tran
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerda Egger
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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11
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Morrison AI, Sjoerds MJ, Vonk LA, Gibbs S, Koning JJ. In vitro immunity: an overview of immunocompetent organ-on-chip models. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1373186. [PMID: 38835750 PMCID: PMC11148285 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1373186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Impressive advances have been made to replicate human physiology in vitro over the last few years due to the growth of the organ-on-chip (OoC) field in both industrial and academic settings. OoCs are a type of microphysiological system (MPS) that imitates functional and dynamic aspects of native human organ biology on a microfluidic device. Organoids and organotypic models, ranging in their complexity from simple single-cell to complex multi-cell type constructs, are being incorporated into OoC microfluidic devices to better mimic human physiology. OoC technology has now progressed to the stage at which it has received official recognition by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as an alternative to standard procedures in drug development, such as animal studies and traditional in vitro assays. However, an area that is still lagging behind is the incorporation of the immune system, which is a critical element required to investigate human health and disease. In this review, we summarise the progress made to integrate human immunology into various OoC systems, specifically focusing on models related to organ barriers and lymphoid organs. These models utilise microfluidic devices that are either commercially available or custom-made. This review explores the difference between the use of innate and adaptive immune cells and their role for modelling organ-specific diseases in OoCs. Immunocompetent multi-OoC models are also highlighted and the extent to which they recapitulate systemic physiology is discussed. Together, the aim of this review is to describe the current state of immune-OoCs, the limitations and the future perspectives needed to improve the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew I. Morrison
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mirthe J. Sjoerds
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leander A. Vonk
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susan Gibbs
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jasper J. Koning
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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12
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Basso M, Zorzan I, Johnstone N, Barberis M, Cohen Kadosh K. Diet quality and anxiety: a critical overview with focus on the gut microbiome. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1346483. [PMID: 38812941 PMCID: PMC11133642 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1346483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders disproportionally affect females and are frequently comorbid with eating disorders. With the emerging field of nutritional psychiatry, focus has been put on the impact of diet quality in anxiety pathophysiology and gut microbiome underlying mechanisms. While the relationship between diet and anxiety is bidirectional, improving dietary habits could better facilitate the actions of pharmacological and psychological therapies, or prevent their use. A better understanding of how gut bacteria mediate and moderate such relationship could further contribute to develop personalized programs and inform probiotics and prebiotics manufacturing. To date, studies that look simultaneously at diet, the gut microbiome, and anxiety are missing as only pairwise relationships among them have been investigated. Therefore, this study aims at summarizing and integrating the existing knowledge on the dietary effects on anxiety with focus on gut microbiome. Findings on the effects of diet on anxiety are critically summarized and reinterpreted in relation to findings on (i) the effects of diet on the gut microbiome composition, and (ii) the associations between the abundance of certain gut bacteria and anxiety. This novel interpretation suggests a theoretical model where the relationship between diet and anxiety is mediated and/or modulated by the gut microbiome through multiple mechanisms. In parallel, this study critically evaluates methodologies employed in the nutritional field to investigate the effects of diet on anxiety highlighting a lack of systematic operationalization and assessment strategies. Therefore, it ultimately proposes a novel evidence-based approach that can enhance studies validity, reliability, systematicity, and translation to clinical and community settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Basso
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Zorzan
- Molecular Systems Biology, School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, CMCB, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Johnstone
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Barberis
- Molecular Systems Biology, School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, CMCB, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kathrin Cohen Kadosh
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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Timmerman SA, Mullen N, Taylor AE, Gilligan LC, Pyle M, Shrestha TB, Sebek J, Highland MA, Challapalli R, Arlt W, Bossmann SH, Dennedy MC, Prakash P, Basel MT. Characterization of a Biochemical Mouse Model of Primary Aldosteronism for Thermal Therapies. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.07.592955. [PMID: 38766205 PMCID: PMC11100708 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.07.592955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) is the most common cause of endocrine-related hypertension but surgery is not always feasible. Current medical interventions are associated with significant side effects and poor patient compliance. New APA animal models that replicate basic characteristics of APA and give physical and biochemical feedback are needed to test new non-surgical treatment methods, such as image-guided thermal ablation. Methods A model of APA was developed in nude mice using HAC15 cells, a human adrenal carcinoma cell line. Tumor growth, aldosterone production, and sensitivity to angiotensin II were characterized in the model. The utility of the model was validated via treatment with microwave ablation and characterization of the resulting physical and biochemical changes in the tumor. Results The APA model showed rapid and relatively homogeneous growth. The tumors produced aldosterone and steroid precursors in response to angiotensin II challenge, and plasma aldosterone levels were significantly higher in tumor bearing mice two hours after challenge verses non-tumor bearing mice. The model was useful for testing microwave ablation therapy, reducing aldosterone production by 80% in treated mice. Conclusion The HAC15 model is a useful tumor model to study and develop localized treatment methods for APA.
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14
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Yoon JH, Lee D, Lee C, Cho E, Lee S, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Kim K, Chae S, Dennis EA, Suh PG. Paradigm shift required for translational research on the brain. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1043-1054. [PMID: 38689090 PMCID: PMC11148129 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomedical research on the brain has led to many discoveries and developments, such as understanding human consciousness and the mind and overcoming brain diseases. However, historical biomedical research on the brain has unique characteristics that differ from those of conventional biomedical research. For example, there are different scientific interpretations due to the high complexity of the brain and insufficient intercommunication between researchers of different disciplines owing to the limited conceptual and technical overlap of distinct backgrounds. Therefore, the development of biomedical research on the brain has been slower than that in other areas. Brain biomedical research has recently undergone a paradigm shift, and conducting patient-centered, large-scale brain biomedical research has become possible using emerging high-throughput analysis tools. Neuroimaging, multiomics, and artificial intelligence technology are the main drivers of this new approach, foreshadowing dramatic advances in translational research. In addition, emerging interdisciplinary cooperative studies provide insights into how unresolved questions in biomedicine can be addressed. This review presents the in-depth aspects of conventional biomedical research and discusses the future of biomedical research on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyuk Yoon
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dongha Lee
- Cognitive Science Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Chany Lee
- Cognitive Science Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Cho
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulah Lee
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Amaury Cazenave-Gassiot
- Department of Biochemistry and Precision Medicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Kipom Kim
- Research Strategy Office, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehyun Chae
- Neurovascular Unit Research Group, Korean Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Edward A Dennis
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0601, USA
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
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15
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Sokolowski K, Turner PV, Lewis E, Wange RL, Fortin MC. Exploring rabbit as a nonrodent species for general toxicology studies. Toxicol Sci 2024; 199:29-39. [PMID: 38374304 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
To avoid adverse events in humans, toxicity studies in nonclinical species have been the foundation of safety evaluation in the pharmaceutical industry. However, it is recognized that working with animals in research is a privilege, and conscientious use should always respect the 3Rs: replacement, reduction, and refinement. In the wake of the shortages in routine nonrodent species and considering that nonanimal methods are not yet sufficiently mature, the value of the rabbit as a nonrodent species is worth exploring. Historically used in vaccine, cosmetic, and medical device testing, the rabbit is seldom used today as a second species in pharmaceutical development, except for embryo-fetal development studies, ophthalmic therapeutics, some medical devices and implants, and vaccines. Although several factors affect the decision of species selection, including pharmacological relevance, pharmacokinetics, and ADME considerations, there are no perfect animal models. In this forum article, we bring together experts from veterinary medicine, industry, contract research organizations, and government to explore the pros and cons, residual concerns, and data gaps regarding the use of the rabbit for general toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Sokolowski
- Safety Assessment, Development Sciences, Denali Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Patricia V Turner
- Global Animal Welfare & Training, Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, Massachusetts 01887, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Elise Lewis
- Safety Assessment, Charles River Laboratories, Horsham, Pennsylvania 19044, USA
| | - Ronald L Wange
- Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA
| | - Marie C Fortin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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16
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Leenaars CHC, Stafleu FR, Häger C, Nieraad H, Bleich A. A systematic review of animal and human data comparing the nasal potential difference test between cystic fibrosis and control. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9664. [PMID: 38671057 PMCID: PMC11053161 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60389-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The nasal potential difference test (nPD) is an electrophysiological measurement which is altered in patients and animal models with cystic fibrosis (CF). Because protocols and outcomes vary substantially between laboratories, there are concerns over its validity and precision. We performed a systematic literature review (SR) of the nPD to answer the following review questions: A. Is the nasal potential difference similarly affected in CF patients and animal models?", and B. "Is the nPD in human patients and animal models of CF similarly affected by various changes in the experimental set-up?". The review protocol was preregistered on PROSPERO (CRD42021236047). We searched PubMed and Embase with comprehensive search strings. Two independent reviewers screened all references for inclusion and extracted all data. Included were studies about CF which described in vivo nPD measurements in separate CF and control groups. Risk of bias was assessed, and three meta-analyses were performed. We included 130 references describing nPD values for CF and control subjects, which confirmed substantial variation in the experimental design and nPD outcome between groups. The meta-analyses showed a clear difference in baseline nPD values between CF and control subjects, both in animals and in humans. However, baseline nPD values were, on average, lower in animal than in human studies. Reporting of experimental details was poor for both animal and human studies, and urgently needs to improve to ensure reproducibility of experiments within and between species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frans R Stafleu
- Department of Animals in Science and Society-Human-Animal Relationship, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Häger
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hendrik Nieraad
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - André Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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17
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Romantsik O, Bank M, Menon JML, Malhotra A, Bruschettini M. Value of preclinical systematic reviews and meta-analyses in pediatric research. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03197-1. [PMID: 38615075 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Similar to systematic reviews (SRs) in clinical fields, preclinical SRs address a specific research area, furnishing information on current knowledge, possible gaps, and potential methodological flaws of study design, conduct, and report. One of the main goals of preclinical SRs is to identify aspiring treatment strategies and evaluate if currently available data is solid enough to translate to clinical trials or highlight the gaps, thus justifying the need for new studies. It is imperative to rigorously follow the methodological standards that are widely available. These include registration of the protocol and adherence to guidelines for assessing the risk of bias, study quality, and certainty of evidence. A special consideration should be made for pediatric SRs, clinical and preclinical, due to the unique characteristics of this age group. These include rationale for intervention and comparison of primary and secondary outcomes. Outcomes measured should acknowledge age-related physiological changes and maturational processes of different organ systems. It is crucial to choose the age of the animals appropriately and its possible correspondence for specific pediatric age groups. The findings of well-conducted SRs of preclinical studies have the potential to provide a reliable evidence synthesis to guide the design of future preclinical and clinical studies. IMPACT: This narrative review highlights the importance of rigorous design, conduct and reporting of preclinical primary studies and systematic reviews. A special consideration should be made for pediatric systematic reviews of preclinical studies, due to the unique characteristics of this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Romantsik
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Pediatrics, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, 21185, Sweden.
| | - Matthias Bank
- Library and ICT, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Julia M L Menon
- Preclinicaltrials.eu, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Department of Pediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matteo Bruschettini
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Pediatrics, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, 21185, Sweden
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18
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Albaladejo-García V, Morán L, Santos-Coquillat A, González MI, Ye H, Vázquez Ogando E, Vaquero J, Cubero FJ, Desco M, Salinas B. Curcumin encapsulated in milk small extracellular vesicles as a nanotherapeutic alternative in experimental chronic liver disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116381. [PMID: 38452655 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a natural molecule widely tested in preclinical and clinical studies due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Nevertheless, its high hydrophobicity and low bioavailability limit in vivo applications. To overcome curcumin´s drawbacks, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have emerged as potential drug delivery systems due to their non-immunogenicity, nanometric size and amphiphilic composition. This work presents curcumin cargo into milk sEV structure and further in vitro and in vivo evaluation as a therapeutic nanoplatform. The encapsulation of curcumin into sEV was performed by two methodologies under physiological conditions: a passive incorporation and active cargo employing saponin. Loaded sEVs (sEVCurPas and sEVCurAc) were fully characterized by physicochemical techniques, confirming that neither methodology affects the morphology or size of the nanoparticles (sEV: 113.3±5.1 nm, sEVCurPas: 127.0±4.5 nm and sEVCurAc: 98.5±3.6 nm). Through the active approach with saponin (sEVCurAc), a three-fold higher cargo was obtained (433.5 µg/mL) in comparison with the passive approach (129.1 µg/mL). These sEVCurAc were further evaluated in vitro by metabolic activity assay (MTT), confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry, showing a higher cytotoxic effect in the tumoral cells RAW264.7 and HepG2 than in primary hepatocytes, specially at high doses of sEVCurAc (4%, 15% and 30% of viability). In vivo evaluation in an experimental model of liver fibrosis confirmed sEVCurAc therapeutic effects, leading to a significant decrease of serum markers of liver damage (ALT) (557 U/L to 338 U/L with sEVCurAc therapy) and a tendency towards decreased liver fibrogenesis and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Albaladejo-García
- Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid 28007, Spain
| | - Laura Morán
- Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ENT, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Ana Santos-Coquillat
- Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid 28007, Spain; Unidad de Imagen Avanzada, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - María I González
- Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid 28007, Spain; Unidad de Imagen Avanzada, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Hui Ye
- Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ENT, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Elena Vázquez Ogando
- HepatoGastro Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid 28007, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Vaquero
- HepatoGastro Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid 28007, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Cubero
- Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ENT, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain; HepatoGastro Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid 28007, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid 28007, Spain; Unidad de Imagen Avanzada, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain; Departamento de Bioingeniería, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid 28911, Spain; CIBER de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Salinas
- Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid 28007, Spain; Unidad de Imagen Avanzada, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain; Departamento de Bioingeniería, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid 28911, Spain; CIBER de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Kavanagh O, Krebs CE. Mitigating animal methods bias to reduce animal use and improve biomedical translation. Sci Prog 2024; 107:368504241253693. [PMID: 38752259 PMCID: PMC11102665 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241253693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Nonanimal biomedical research methods have advanced rapidly over the last decade making them the first-choice model for many researchers due to improved translatability and avoidance of ethical concerns. Yet confidence in novel nonanimal methods is still being established and they remain a small portion of nonclinical biomedical research, which can lead peer reviewers to evaluate animal-free studies or grant proposals in a biased manner. This "animal methods bias" is the preference for animal-based research methods where they are not necessary or where nonanimal-based methods are suitable. It affects the fair consideration of animal-free biomedical research, hampering the uptake and dissemination of these approaches by putting pressure on researchers to conduct animal experiments and potentially perpetuating the use of poorly translatable model systems. An international team of researchers and advocates called the Coalition to Illuminate and Address Animal Methods Bias (COLAAB) aims to provide concrete evidence of the existence and consequences of this bias and to develop and implement solutions towards overcoming it. The COLAAB recently developed the first of several mitigation tools: the Author Guide for Addressing Animal Methods Bias in Publishing, which is described herein along with broader implications and future directions of this work.
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Diawara MO, Li S, Zhang M, Bigambo FM, Yang X, Wang X, Dong T, Wu D, Yan C, Xia Y. Evaluation of multiple organophosphate insecticide exposure in relation to altered thyroid hormones in NHANES 2007-2008 adult population. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116139. [PMID: 38428240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The thyroid gland is susceptible to chemical exposure such as organophosphate insecticides (OPIs). With the ubiquitous nature of these products, humans are simultaneously exposed to a multitude of chemicals. This study aimed to evaluate the association between an individual and a mixture of OPI metabolites and changes in serum thyroid hormone (TH) concentrations. The analyzed data were 1,434 participants from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) cycle 2007-2008. Generalized linear model (GLM) regression, weighted quantile sum (WQS), and adaptive least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (adaptive LASSO) regression were used to investigate the associations between urinary OPI metabolites and altered serum THs. In GLM, all of the five urinary OPI metabolites were inversely associated with free triiodothyronine (FT3) among the male subjects; meanwhile, higher thyroglobulin (Tg) was related to dimethylphosphate (DMP). Moreover, in WQS models, the metabolite mixture induced FT3 down-regulation (β = -0.209 (95% CI: -0.310, -0.114)), and caused an increased Tg concentration (β = 0.120 (95% CI: 0.024, 0.212)), however, any significant association was observed among female participants. Consistently, the weighted index and LASSO coefficient demonstrated dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP) as the strongest metabolite in the FT3 model (mean weight= 3.449e-01 and β =-0.022, respectively), and dimethylphosphate (DMP) represented the highest association in the Tg model (mean weight= 9.873e-01 and β =-0.020, respectively). Further research is required to confirm our results and investigate the clinical impacts of these disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massira Ousseni Diawara
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Songtao Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Francis Manyori Bigambo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Tianyu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chenghao Yan
- Department of Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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21
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Morelli M, Cabezuelo Rodríguez M, Queiroz K. A high-throughput gut-on-chip platform to study the epithelial responses to enterotoxins. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5797. [PMID: 38461178 PMCID: PMC10925042 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxins are a type of toxins that primarily affect the intestines. Understanding their harmful effects is essential for food safety and medical research. Current methods lack high-throughput, robust, and translatable models capable of characterizing toxin-specific epithelial damage. Pressing concerns regarding enterotoxin contamination of foods and emerging interest in clinical applications of enterotoxins emphasize the need for new platforms. Here, we demonstrate how Caco-2 tubules can be used to study the effect of enterotoxins on the human intestinal epithelium, reflecting toxins' distinct pathogenic mechanisms. After exposure of the model to toxins nigericin, ochratoxin A, patulin and melittin, we observed dose-dependent reductions in barrier permeability as measured by TEER, which were detected with higher sensitivity than previous studies using conventional models. Combination of LDH release assays and DRAQ7 staining allowed comprehensive evaluation of toxin cytotoxicity, which was only observed after exposure to melittin and ochratoxin A. Furthermore, the study of actin cytoskeleton allowed to assess toxin-induced changes in cell morphology, which were only caused by nigericin. Altogether, our study highlights the potential of our Caco-2 tubular model in becoming a multi-parametric and high-throughput tool to bridge the gap between current enterotoxin research and translatable in vivo models of the human intestinal epithelium.
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22
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Amend N, Koller M, Schmitt C, Worek F. Toxicokinetic analysis of the highly toxic nerve agent VX in commercially available multi-organ-chips - Ways to overcome compound absorption. Toxicol Lett 2024; 393:78-83. [PMID: 38311194 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip technology is considered a next-generation platform in pharmacology and toxicology. Nevertheless, this novel technology still faces several challenges concerning the respective materials which are used for these microfluidic devices. Currently available organ-chips are most often based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). However, this material has strong limitations regarding compound binding. The current study investigated options to reduce compound absorption of the highly toxic nerve agent VX (1000 µmol/L) in a commercially available organ-chip. In addition, surface effects on degradation products of VX were investigated. The alternative polymer cyclic olefin copolymers (CoC) showed significantly less compound absorption compared to PDMS. Furthermore, a coating of PDMS- and CoC-based chips was investigated. The biocompatible polymer polyethyleneimine (PEI) successfully modified PDMS and CoC surfaces and further reduced compound absorption. A previously examined VX concentration after 72 h of 141 ± 10 µmol/L VX could be increased to 442 ± 54 µmol/L. Finally, the respective concentrations of VX and degradation products accounted for > 90% of the initial concentration of 1000 µmol/L VX. The currently described surface modification might be a first step towards the optimization of organ-on-a-chip surfaces, facilitating a better comparability of different studies and results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko Amend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937 Munich, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Goethestr. 33, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Marianne Koller
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Schmitt
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Worek
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
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23
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van Haren JS, Delbressine FLM, Schoberer M, te Pas AB, van Laar JOEH, Oei SG, van der Hout-van der Jagt MB. Transferring an extremely premature infant to an extra-uterine life support system: a prospective view on the obstetric procedure. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1360111. [PMID: 38425664 PMCID: PMC10902175 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1360111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
To improve care for extremely premature infants, the development of an extrauterine environment for newborn development is being researched, known as Artificial Placenta and Artificial Womb (APAW) technology. APAW facilitates extended development in a liquid-filled incubator with oxygen and nutrient supply through an oxygenator connected to the umbilical vessels. This setup is intended to provide the optimal environment for further development, allowing further lung maturation by delaying gas exposure to oxygen. This innovative treatment necessitates interventions in obstetric procedures to transfer an infant from the native to an artificial womb, while preventing fetal-to-neonatal transition. In this narrative review we analyze relevant fetal physiology literature, provide an overview of insights from APAW studies, and identify considerations for the obstetric procedure from the native uterus to an APAW system. Lastly, this review provides suggestions to improve sterility, fetal and maternal well-being, and the prevention of neonatal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette S. van Haren
- Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, Netherlands
| | | | - Mark Schoberer
- Institute for Applied Medical Engineering and Clinic for Neonatology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Arjan B. te Pas
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Judith O. E. H. van Laar
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, Netherlands
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - S. Guid Oei
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, Netherlands
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - M. Beatrijs van der Hout-van der Jagt
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, Netherlands
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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24
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Sun H, Qu H, Duan K, Du W. scMGCN: A Multi-View Graph Convolutional Network for Cell Type Identification in scRNA-seq Data. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2234. [PMID: 38396909 PMCID: PMC10889820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data reveal the complexity and diversity of cellular ecosystems and molecular interactions in various biomedical research. Hence, identifying cell types from large-scale scRNA-seq data using existing annotations is challenging and requires stable and interpretable methods. However, the current cell type identification methods have limited performance, mainly due to the intrinsic heterogeneity among cell populations and extrinsic differences between datasets. Here, we present a robust graph artificial intelligence model, a multi-view graph convolutional network model (scMGCN) that integrates multiple graph structures from raw scRNA-seq data and applies graph convolutional networks with attention mechanisms to learn cell embeddings and predict cell labels. We evaluate our model on single-dataset, cross-species, and cross-platform experiments and compare it with other state-of-the-art methods. Our results show that scMGCN outperforms the other methods regarding stability, accuracy, and robustness to batch effects. Our main contributions are as follows: Firstly, we introduce multi-view learning and multiple graph construction methods to capture comprehensive cellular information from scRNA-seq data. Secondly, we construct a scMGCN that combines graph convolutional networks with attention mechanisms to extract shared, high-order information from cells. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the scMGCN on various datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (H.S.); (H.Q.); (K.D.)
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25
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Liu W, Jiang D, Schulz M, Figueiredo C, Dondossola D, Meister FA, Tihanyi DK, Mehrabi A, Tolba RH, Czigany Z, Ernst L. Machine perfusion of the liver and in vivo animal models: A systematic review of the preclinical research landscape. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297942. [PMID: 38329986 PMCID: PMC10852327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Machine perfusion (MP) is often referred to as one of the most promising advancements in liver transplantation research of the last few decades, with various techniques and modalities being evaluated in preclinical studies using animal models. However, low scientific rigor and subpar reporting standards lead to limited reproducibility and translational potential, hindering progress. This pre-registered systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42021234667) aimed to provide a thematic overview of the preclinical research landscape on MP in liver transplantation using in vivo transplantation models and to explore methodological and reporting standards, using the ARRIVE (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) score. In total 56 articles were included. Studies were evenly distributed across Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Porcine models were used in 57.1% of the studies, followed by rats (39.3%) and dogs (3.6%). In terms of graft type, 55.4% of the studies used donation after cardiac death grafts, while donation after brain death grafts accounted for 37.5%. Regarding MP modalities, the distribution was as follows: 41.5% of articles utilized hypothermic MP, 21.5% normothermic MP, 13.8% subnormothermic MP, and 16.9% utilized hypothermic oxygenated MP. The stringent documentation of ARRIVE elements concerning precise experimental execution, group size and selection, the choice of statistical methods, as well as adherence to the principles of the 3Rs, was notably lacking in the majority of publications, with less than 30% providing comprehensive details. Postoperative analgesia and antibiotics treatment were not documented in 82.1% of all included studies. None of the analyzed studies fully adhered to the ARRIVE Guidelines. In conclusion, the present study emphasizes the importance of adhering to reporting standards to promote reproducibility and adequate animal welfare in preclinical studies in machine perfusion. At the same time, it highlights a clear deficiency in this field, underscoring the need for further investigations into animal welfare-related topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Liu
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH, Aachen International University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Decan Jiang
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mareike Schulz
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH, Aachen International University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Constança Figueiredo
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniele Dondossola
- General and Liver Transplant Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Franziska Alexandra Meister
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Arianeb Mehrabi
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rene Hany Tolba
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH, Aachen International University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Zoltan Czigany
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Ernst
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH, Aachen International University, Aachen, Germany
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26
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Mazuryk J, Klepacka K, Kutner W, Sharma PS. Glyphosate: Impact on the microbiota-gut-brain axis and the immune-nervous system, and clinical cases of multiorgan toxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 271:115965. [PMID: 38244513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.115965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLP) and GLP-based herbicides (GBHs), such as polyethoxylated tallow amine-based GLP surfactants (GLP-SH), developed in the late 70', have become the most popular and controversial agrochemicals ever produced. Nowadays, GBHs have reached 350 million hectares of crops in over 140 countries, with an annual turnover of 5 billion and 11 billion USD in the U.S.A. and worldwide, respectively. Because of the highly efficient inhibitory activity of GLP targeted to the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase pathway, present in plants and several bacterial strains, the GLP-resistant crop-based genetic agricultural revolution has decreased famine and improved the costs and quality of living in developing countries. However, this progress has come at the cost of the 50-year GBH overuse, leading to environmental pollution, animal intoxication, bacterial resistance, and sustained occupational exposure of the herbicide farm and companies' workers. According to preclinical and clinical studies covered in the present review, poisoning with GLP, GLP-SH, and GBHs devastatingly affects gut microbiota and the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis, leading to dysbiosis and gastrointestinal (GI) ailments, as well as immunosuppression and inappropriate immunostimulation, cholinergic neurotransmission dysregulation, neuroendocrinal system disarray, and neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral alterations. Herein, we mainly focus on the contribution of gut microbiota (GM) to neurological impairments, e.g., stroke and neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. The current review provides a comprehensive introduction to GLP's microbiological and neurochemical activities, including deviation of the intestinal Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, excitotoxicity, and mind-altering processes. Besides, it summarizes and critically discusses recent preclinical studies and clinical case reports concerning the harmful impacts of GBHs on the GI tract, MGB axis, and nervous system. Finally, an insightful comparison of toxic effects caused by GLP, GBH-SH, and GBHs is presented. To this end, we propose a first-to-date survey of clinical case reports on intoxications with these herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Mazuryk
- Department of Electrode Processes, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Katarzyna Klepacka
- Functional Polymers Research Team, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; ENSEMBLE(3) sp. z o. o., 01-919 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Kutner
- Department of Electrode Processes, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. School of Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piyush Sindhu Sharma
- Functional Polymers Research Team, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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27
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Mancuso CA, Johnson KA, Liu R, Krishnan A. Joint representation of molecular networks from multiple species improves gene classification. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011773. [PMID: 38198480 PMCID: PMC10805316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Network-based machine learning (ML) has the potential for predicting novel genes associated with nearly any health and disease context. However, this approach often uses network information from only the single species under consideration even though networks for most species are noisy and incomplete. While some recent methods have begun addressing this shortcoming by using networks from more than one species, they lack one or more key desirable properties: handling networks from more than two species simultaneously, incorporating many-to-many orthology information, or generating a network representation that is reusable across different types of and newly-defined prediction tasks. Here, we present GenePlexusZoo, a framework that casts molecular networks from multiple species into a single reusable feature space for network-based ML. We demonstrate that this multi-species network representation improves both gene classification within a single species and knowledge-transfer across species, even in cases where the inter-species correspondence is undetectable based on shared orthologous genes. Thus, GenePlexusZoo enables effectively leveraging the high evolutionary molecular, functional, and phenotypic conservation across species to discover novel genes associated with diverse biological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Mancuso
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kayla A. Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Renming Liu
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Arjun Krishnan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
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28
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Kulesh V, Vasyutin I, Volkova A, Peskov K, Kimko H, Sokolov V, Alluri R. A tutorial for model-based evaluation and translation of cardiovascular safety in preclinical trials. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2024; 13:5-22. [PMID: 37950388 PMCID: PMC10787214 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessment of drug-induced effects on the cardiovascular (CV) system remains a critical component of the drug discovery process enabling refinement of the therapeutic index. Predicting potential drug-related unintended CV effects in the preclinical stage is necessary for first-in-human dose selection and preclusion of adverse CV effects in the clinical stage. According to the current guidelines for small molecules, nonclinical CV safety assessment conducted via telemetry analyses should be included in the safety pharmacology core battery studies. However, the manual for quantitative evaluation of the CV safety signals in animals is available only for electrocardiogram parameters (i.e., QT interval assessment), not for hemodynamic parameters (i.e., heart rate, blood pressure, etc.). Various model-based approaches, including empirical pharmacokinetic-toxicodynamic analyses and systems pharmacology modeling could be used in the framework of telemetry data evaluation. In this tutorial, we provide a comprehensive workflow for the analysis of nonclinical CV safety on hemodynamic parameters with a sequential approach, highlight the challenges associated with the data, and propose respective solutions, complemented with a reproducible example. The work is aimed at helping researchers conduct model-based analyses of the CV safety in animals with subsequent translation of the effect to humans seamlessly and efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Kulesh
- Modeling & Simulation Decisions FZ‐LLCDubaiUnited Arab Emirates
- Research Center of Model‐Informed Drug DevelopmentSechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Igor Vasyutin
- Modeling & Simulation Decisions FZ‐LLCDubaiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Alina Volkova
- Modeling & Simulation Decisions FZ‐LLCDubaiUnited Arab Emirates
- Sirius University of Science and TechnologySiriusRussia
| | - Kirill Peskov
- Modeling & Simulation Decisions FZ‐LLCDubaiUnited Arab Emirates
- Research Center of Model‐Informed Drug DevelopmentSechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
- Sirius University of Science and TechnologySiriusRussia
| | - Holly Kimko
- CPQP, CPSS, BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGaithersburgMarylandUSA
| | - Victor Sokolov
- Modeling & Simulation Decisions FZ‐LLCDubaiUnited Arab Emirates
- Sirius University of Science and TechnologySiriusRussia
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29
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Erstling JA, Bag N, Gardinier TC, Kohle FFE, DomNwachukwu N, Butler SD, Kao T, Ma K, Turker MZ, Feuer GB, Lee R, Naguib N, Tallman JF, Malarkey HF, Tsaur L, Moore WL, Chapman DV, Aubert T, Mehta S, Cerione RA, Weiss RS, Baird BA, Wiesner UB. Overcoming Barriers Associated with Oral Delivery of Differently Sized Fluorescent Core-Shell Silica Nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305937. [PMID: 37689973 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Oral delivery, while a highly desirable form of nanoparticle-drug administration, is limited by challenges associated with overcoming several biological barriers. Here, the authors study how fluorescent and poly(ethylene glycol)-coated (PEGylated) core-shell silica nanoparticles sized 5 to 50 nm interact with major barriers including intestinal mucus, intestinal epithelium, and stomach acid. From imaging fluorescence correlation spectroscopy studies using quasi-total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, diffusion of nanoparticles through highly scattering mucus is progressively hindered above a critical hydrodynamic size around 20 nm. By studying Caco-2 cell monolayers mimicking the intestinal epithelia, it is observed that ultrasmall nanoparticles below 10 nm diameter (Cornell prime dots, [C' dots]) show permeabilities correlated with high absorption in humans from primarily enhanced passive passage through tight junctions. Particles above 20 nm diameter exclusively show active transport through cells. After establishing C' dot stability in artificial gastric juice, in vivo oral gavage experiments in mice demonstrate successful passage through the body followed by renal clearance without protein corona formation. Results suggest C' dots as viable candidates for oral administration to patients with a proven pathway towards clinical translation and may generate renewed interest in examining silica as a food additive and its effects on nutrition and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Erstling
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Nirmalya Bag
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Thomas C Gardinier
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ferdinand F E Kohle
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Naedum DomNwachukwu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Scott D Butler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Teresa Kao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Kai Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Melik Z Turker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Grant B Feuer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Rachel Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Nada Naguib
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - James F Tallman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Henry F Malarkey
- Department of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Lieihn Tsaur
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - William L Moore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Dana V Chapman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Tangi Aubert
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Saurabh Mehta
- Center for Precision Nutrition and Health, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Richard A Cerione
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Robert S Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Barbara A Baird
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ulrich B Wiesner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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30
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Patel C, Shukla P, Pande S, Punamiya R, Ranch K, Boddu SHS. Acute and sub-acute toxicity study of anti-obesity herbal granules in Sprague Dawley rats. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e264320. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.264320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Toxicological studies are essential for developing novel medications in pharmaceutical industries including ayurvedic preparation. Hence, the present study is aimed to evaluate acute and 28-days repeated dose oral toxicity of anti-obesity polyherbal granules (PHG) in Sprague Dawley rats by OECD guidelines No 425 and 407, respectively. In an acute oral toxicity study, a single dose of 2 g/kg PHG was administered to rats and mortality, body weight, and clinical observations were noted for fourteen days. However, in the subacute oral toxicity study, the PHG was administered orally at doses of 0.3, 0.5 and 1 g/kg daily for 28 days to rats. Food intake and body weight were recorded weekly. On the 29th day, rats were sacrificed and subjected to haematological, biochemical, urine, necropsy, and histopathological analysis. In an acute oral toxicity study, no treatment-related, mortality, behavioral changes, and toxicity were found throughout fourteen days. Likewise, in the sub-acute toxicity study, no mortality and toxic effects were found in haematology, biochemical, urine, necropsy and histopathological analysis in rats for 28 days of treatment with PHG. Based on these results, the LD50 of PHG was found to be greater than 2 g/kg and the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of PHG for rats was found to be 0.5 g/kg/day. Thus, anti-obesity polyherbal granules showed a good safety profile in animal studies and can be considered an important agent for the clinical management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Patel
- L. M. College of Pharmacy, India
| | - P. Shukla
- Smt. B.N.B. Swaminarayan Pharmacy College, India
| | - S. Pande
- L. M. College of Pharmacy, India
| | | | - K. Ranch
- L. M. College of Pharmacy, India
| | - S. H. S. Boddu
- Ajman University, United Arab Emirates; Ajman University, United Arab Emirates
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31
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Sarachakov A, Varlamova A, Svekolkin V, Polyakova M, Valencia I, Unkenholz C, Pannellini T, Galkin I, Ovcharov P, Tabakov D, Postovalova E, Shin N, Sethi I, Bagaev A, Itkin T, Crane G, Kluk M, Geyer J, Inghirami G, Patel S. Spatial mapping of human hematopoiesis at single-cell resolution reveals aging-associated topographic remodeling. Blood 2023; 142:2282-2295. [PMID: 37774374 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The spatial anatomy of hematopoiesis in the bone marrow (BM) has been extensively studied in mice and other preclinical models, but technical challenges have precluded a commensurate exploration in humans. Institutional pathology archives contain thousands of paraffinized BM core biopsy tissue specimens, providing a rich resource for studying the intact human BM topography in a variety of physiologic states. Thus, we developed an end-to-end pipeline involving multiparameter whole tissue staining, in situ imaging at single-cell resolution, and artificial intelligence-based digital whole slide image analysis and then applied it to a cohort of disease-free samples to survey alterations in the hematopoietic topography associated with aging. Our data indicate heterogeneity in marrow adipose tissue (MAT) content within each age group and an inverse correlation between MAT content and proportions of early myeloid and erythroid precursors, irrespective of age. We identify consistent endosteal and perivascular positioning of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with medullary localization of more differentiated elements and, importantly, uncover new evidence of aging-associated changes in cellular and vascular morphologies, microarchitectural alterations suggestive of foci with increased lymphocytes, and diminution of a potentially active megakaryocytic niche. Overall, our findings suggest that there is topographic remodeling of human hematopoiesis associated with aging. More generally, we demonstrate the potential to deeply unravel the spatial biology of normal and pathologic human BM states using intact archival tissue specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Itzel Valencia
- Multiparametric In Situ Imaging Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Caitlin Unkenholz
- Multiparametric In Situ Imaging Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Tania Pannellini
- Multiparametric In Situ Imaging Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tomer Itkin
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Genevieve Crane
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Michael Kluk
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Julia Geyer
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Multiparametric In Situ Imaging Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
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von Coburg E, Dunst S. The adverse outcome pathway for breast cancer: a knowledge management framework bridging biomedicine and toxicology. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:223. [PMID: 38051394 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases diagnosed every year. Effective measures for cancer prevention and cancer therapy require a detailed understanding of the individual key disease mechanisms involved and their interactions at the molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and organism level. In that regard, the rapid progress of biomedical and toxicological research in recent years now allows the pursuit of new approaches based on non-animal methods that provide greater mechanistic insight than traditional animal models and therefore facilitate the development of Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) for human diseases. We performed a systematic review of the current state of published knowledge with regard to breast cancer to identify relevant key mechanisms for inclusion into breast cancer AOPs, i.e. decreased cell stiffness and decreased cell adhesion, and to concurrently map non-animal methods addressing these key events. We conclude that the broader sharing of expertise and methods between biomedical research and toxicology enabled by the AOP knowledge management framework can help to coordinate global research efforts and accelerate the transition to advanced non-animal methods, which, when combined into powerful method batteries, closely mimic human physiology and disease states without the need for animal testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena von Coburg
- German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), Department Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dunst
- German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), Department Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany.
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Wistner SC, Rashad L, Slaughter G. Advances in tissue engineering and biofabrication for in vitro skin modeling. BIOPRINTING (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 35:e00306. [PMID: 38645432 PMCID: PMC11031264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2023.e00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The global prevalence of skin disease and injury is continually increasing, yet conventional cell-based models used to study these conditions do not accurately reflect the complexity of human skin. The lack of inadequate in vitro modeling has resulted in reliance on animal-based models to test pharmaceuticals, biomedical devices, and industrial and environmental toxins to address clinical needs. These in vivo models are monetarily and morally expensive and are poor predictors of human tissue responses and clinical trial outcomes. The onset of three-dimensional (3D) culture techniques, such as cell-embedded and decellularized approaches, has offered accessible in vitro alternatives, using innovative scaffolds to improve cell-based models' structural and histological authenticity. However, these models lack adequate organizational control and complexity, resulting in variations between structures and the exclusion of physiologically relevant vascular and immunological features. Recently, biofabrication strategies, which combine biology, engineering, and manufacturing capabilities, have emerged as instrumental tools to recreate the heterogeneity of human skin precisely. Bioprinting uses computer-aided design (CAD) to yield robust and reproducible skin prototypes with unprecedented control over tissue design and assembly. As the interdisciplinary nature of biofabrication grows, we look to the promise of next-generation biofabrication technologies, such as organ-on-a-chip (OOAC) and 4D modeling, to simulate human tissue behaviors more reliably for research, pharmaceutical, and regenerative medicine purposes. This review aims to discuss the barriers to developing clinically relevant skin models, describe the evolution of skin-inspired in vitro structures, analyze the current approaches to biofabricating 3D human skin mimetics, and define the opportunities and challenges in biofabricating skin tissue for preclinical and clinical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Wistner
- Center for Bioelectronics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23508, USA
| | - Layla Rashad
- Center for Bioelectronics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23508, USA
| | - Gymama Slaughter
- Center for Bioelectronics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23508, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23508, USA
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Tsuda B, Richmond BJ, Sejnowski TJ. Exploring strategy differences between humans and monkeys with recurrent neural networks. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011618. [PMID: 37983250 PMCID: PMC10695363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models are used to understand principles of human biology. Within cognitive neuroscience, non-human primates are considered the premier model for studying decision-making behaviors in which direct manipulation experiments are still possible. Some prominent studies have brought to light major discrepancies between monkey and human cognition, highlighting problems with unverified extrapolation from monkey to human. Here, we use a parallel model system-artificial neural networks (ANNs)-to investigate a well-established discrepancy identified between monkeys and humans with a working memory task, in which monkeys appear to use a recency-based strategy while humans use a target-selective strategy. We find that ANNs trained on the same task exhibit a progression of behavior from random behavior (untrained) to recency-like behavior (partially trained) and finally to selective behavior (further trained), suggesting monkeys and humans may occupy different points in the same overall learning progression. Surprisingly, what appears to be recency-like behavior in the ANN, is in fact an emergent non-recency-based property of the organization of the neural network's state space during its development through training. We find that explicit encouragement of recency behavior during training has a dual effect, not only causing an accentuated recency-like behavior, but also speeding up the learning process altogether, resulting in an efficient shaping mechanism to achieve the optimal strategy. Our results suggest a new explanation for the discrepency observed between monkeys and humans and reveal that what can appear to be a recency-based strategy in some cases may not be recency at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Tsuda
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Barry J. Richmond
- Section on Neural Coding and Computation, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Terrence J. Sejnowski
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Institute for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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Amend N, Koller M, Schmitt C, Worek F, Wille T. The suitability of a polydimethylsiloxane-based (PDMS) microfluidic two compartment system for the toxicokinetic analysis of organophosphorus compounds. Toxicol Lett 2023; 388:24-29. [PMID: 37827339 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip platforms are an emerging technology in experimental and regulatory toxicology (species-specific differences, ethical considerations). They address gaps between in vivo and in vitro models. However, there are still certain limitations considering material, setup and applicability. The current study examined the suitability of a commercially available polydimethylsiloxane-based (PDMS) organ-chip for the toxicokinetic characterization of the highly toxic nerve agent VX and the organophosphate pesticide parathion. The respective concentrations of 1000 µmol/L and 100 µmol/L VX and parathion were chosen deliberately high in order to study concentrations even if high compound absorption by PDMS might occur. Neuronal and liver spheroids, totaling 2 × 106 cells were used to study concentration changes of VX and parathion. In addition, VX enantiomers were quantified. The current study suggests a significant absorption of VX, respectively parathion by PDMS. This might require future investigation of alternative materials or coatings to limit absorption for organophosphorus compounds in toxicokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko Amend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937 Munich, Germany.
| | - Marianne Koller
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Schmitt
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Worek
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Timo Wille
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937 Munich, Germany; Department F, Medical CBRN Defence, Bundeswehr Medical Academy, Ingolstädter Str 240, Munich 80939, Germany
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Delaleu N, Marti HP, Strauss P, Sekulic M, Osman T, Tøndel C, Skrunes R, Leh S, Svarstad E, Nowak A, Gaspert A, Rusu E, Kwee I, Rinaldi A, Flatberg A, Eikrem O. Systems analyses of the Fabry kidney transcriptome and its response to enzyme replacement therapy identified and cross-validated enzyme replacement therapy-resistant targets amenable to drug repurposing. Kidney Int 2023; 104:803-819. [PMID: 37419447 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Fabry disease is a rare disorder caused by variations in the alpha-galactosidase gene. To a degree, Fabry disease is manageable via enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). By understanding the molecular basis of Fabry nephropathy (FN) and ERT's long-term impact, here we aimed to provide a framework for selection of potential disease biomarkers and drug targets. We obtained biopsies from eight control individuals and two independent FN cohorts comprising 16 individuals taken prior to and after up to ten years of ERT, and performed RNAseq analysis. Combining pathway-centered analyses with network-science allowed computation of transcriptional landscapes from four nephron compartments and their integration with existing proteome and drug-target interactome data. Comparing these transcriptional landscapes revealed high inter-cohort heterogeneity. Kidney compartment transcriptional landscapes comprehensively reflected differences in FN cohort characteristics. With exception of a few aspects, in particular arteries, early ERT in patients with classical Fabry could lastingly revert FN gene expression patterns to closely match that of control individuals. Pathways nonetheless consistently altered in both FN cohorts pre-ERT were mostly in glomeruli and arteries and related to the same biological themes. While keratinization-related processes in glomeruli were sensitive to ERT, a majority of alterations, such as transporter activity and responses to stimuli, remained dysregulated or reemerged despite ERT. Inferring an ERT-resistant genetic module of expressed genes identified 69 drugs for potential repurposing matching the proteins encoded by 12 genes. Thus, we identified and cross-validated ERT-resistant gene product modules that, when leveraged with external data, allowed estimating their suitability as biomarkers to potentially track disease course or treatment efficacy and potential targets for adjunct pharmaceutical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Delaleu
- 2cSysBioMed, Contra, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hans-Peter Marti
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Philipp Strauss
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Miroslav Sekulic
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tarig Osman
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Camilla Tøndel
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rannveig Skrunes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sabine Leh
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Einar Svarstad
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Albina Nowak
- Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ariana Gaspert
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elena Rusu
- Department of Nephrology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Nephrology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ivo Kwee
- BigOmics Analytics, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Institute of Oncology Research, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Arnar Flatberg
- Central Administration, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Oystein Eikrem
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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Leenaars C, Häger C, Stafleu F, Nieraad H, Bleich A. A Systematic Review of the Effect of Cystic Fibrosis Treatments on the Nasal Potential Difference Test in Animals and Humans. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3098. [PMID: 37835841 PMCID: PMC10572895 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13193098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To address unmet treatment needs in cystic fibrosis (CF), preclinical and clinical studies are warranted. Because it directly reflects the function of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR), the nasal potential difference test (nPD) can not only be used as a reliable diagnostic test for CF but also to assess efficacy of experimental treatments. We performed a full comprehensive systematic review of the effect of CF treatments on the nPD compared to control conditions tested in separate groups of animal and human subjects. Our review followed a preregistered protocol. We included 34 references: 20 describing mouse studies, 12 describing human studies, and 2 describing both. We provide a comprehensive list of these studies, which assessed the effects of antibiotics, bone marrow transplant, CFTR protein, CFTR RNA, directly and indirectly CFTR-targeting drugs, non-viral and viral gene transfer, and other treatments. Our results support the nPD representing a reliable method for testing treatment effects in both animal models and human patients, as well as for diagnosing CF. However, we also observed the need for improved reporting to ensure reproducibility of the experiments and quantitative comparability of the results within and between species (e.g., with meta-analyses). Currently, data gaps warrant further primary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathalijn Leenaars
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Häger
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Frans Stafleu
- Department of Animals in Science and Society—Human-Animal Relationship, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Nieraad
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - André Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Leenaars CHC, Teerenstra S, Meijboom FLB, Bleich A. Methodical advances in reproducibility research: A proof of concept qualitative comparative analysis of reproducing animal data in humans. J Neurosci Methods 2023; 397:109931. [PMID: 37524250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.109931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the term reproducibility crisis mainly reflects reproducibility of experiments between laboratories, reproducibility between species also remains problematic. We previously summarised the published reproducibility between animal and human studies; i.e. the translational success rates, which varied from 0% to 100%. Based on analyses of individual factors, we could not predict reproducibility. Several potential analyses can assess effect of combinations of predictors on an outcome. Regression analysis (RGA) is common, but not ideal to analyse multiple interactions and specific configurations (≈ combinations) of variables, which could be highly relevant to reproducibility. Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) is based on set theory and Boolean algebra, and was successfully used in other fields. We reanalysed the data from our preceding review with QCA. RESULTS This QCA resulted in the following preliminary formula for successful translation: ∼Old*∼Intervention*∼Large*MultSpec*Quantitative Which means that within the analysed dataset, the combination of relative recency (∼ means not; >1999), analyses at event or study level (not at intervention level), n < 75, inclusion of more than one species and quantitative (instead of binary) analyses always resulted in successful translation (>85%). Other combinations of factors showed less consistent or negative results. An RGA on the same data did not identify any of the included variables as significant contributors. CONCLUSIONS While these data were not collected with the QCA in mind, they illustrate that the approach is viable and relevant for this research field. The QCA seems a highly promising approach to furthering our knowledge on between-species reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathalijn H C Leenaars
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Animals in Science and Society - Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Steven Teerenstra
- Department for Health Evidence (section biostatistics), Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Franck L B Meijboom
- Department of Animals in Science and Society - Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - André Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Mohd N, Razali M, Fauzi MB, Abu Kasim NH. In Vitro and In Vivo Biological Assessments of 3D-Bioprinted Scaffolds for Dental Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12881. [PMID: 37629064 PMCID: PMC10454183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a unique combination of technological advances in 3D printing and tissue engineering. It has emerged as a promising approach to address the dilemma in current dental treatments faced by clinicians in order to repair or replace injured and diseased tissues. The exploration of 3D bioprinting technology provides high reproducibility and precise control of the bioink containing the desired cells and biomaterial over the architectural and dimensional features of the scaffolds in fabricating functional tissue constructs that are specific to the patient treatment need. In recent years, the dental applications of different 3D bioprinting techniques, types of novel bioinks, and the types of cells used have been extensively explored. Most of the findings noted significant challenges compared to the non-biological 3D printing approach in constructing the bioscaffolds that mimic native tissues. Hence, this review focuses solely on the implementation of 3D bioprinting techniques and strategies based on cell-laden bioinks. It discusses the in vitro applications of 3D-bioprinted scaffolds on cell viabilities, cell functionalities, differentiation ability, and expression of the markers as well as the in vivo evaluations of the implanted bioscaffolds on the animal models for bone, periodontal, dentin, and pulp tissue regeneration. Finally, it outlines some perspectives for future developments in dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurulhuda Mohd
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Masfueh Razali
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Mh Busra Fauzi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Dean Office, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
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40
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Schröder SK, Gasterich N, Weiskirchen S, Weiskirchen R. Lipocalin 2 receptors: facts, fictions, and myths. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1229885. [PMID: 37638032 PMCID: PMC10451079 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1229885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The human 25-kDa Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) was first identified and purified as a protein that in part is associated with gelatinase from neutrophils. This protein shows a high degree of sequence similarity with the deduced sequences of rat α2-microglobulin-related protein and the mouse protein 24p3. Based on its typical lipocalin fold, which consists of an eight-stranded, anti-parallel, symmetrical β-barrel fold structure it was initially thought that LCN2 is a circulating protein functioning as a transporter of small lipophilic molecules. However, studies in Lcn2 null mice have shown that LCN2 has bacteriostatic properties and plays a key role in innate immunity by sequestering bacterial iron siderophores. Numerous reports have further shown that LCN2 is involved in the control of cell differentiation, energy expenditure, cell death, chemotaxis, cell migration, and many other biological processes. In addition, important roles for LCN2 in health and disease have been identified in Lcn2 null mice and multiple molecular pathways required for regulation of Lcn2 expression have been identified. Nevertheless, although six putative receptors for LCN2 have been proposed, there is a fundamental lack in understanding of how these cell-surface receptors transmit and amplify LCN2 to the cell. In the present review we summarize the current knowledge on LCN2 receptors and discuss inconsistencies, misinterpretations and false assumptions in the understanding of these potential LCN2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K. Schröder
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Natalie Gasterich
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabine Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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41
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Olivera S, Graham D. Sex differences in preclinical models of hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2023; 37:619-625. [PMID: 36335169 PMCID: PMC10403342 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-022-00770-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension remains the primary contributor in the development of cardiovascular disease which is rapidly increasing worldwide. High blood pressure affects men and women differently and understanding these sex differences is the ultimate unmet need for researchers in this field. Due to the inherent differences in hypertension prevalence, control and outcomes between men and women, novel research needs to be carried out to tackle these disparities and improve targeted treatment. Animal models of hypertension have provided valuable insights into the sexual dimorphism of blood pressure mechanisms. The availability of genetic and non-genetic hypertensive strains allows the opportunity to study diverse environmental and genetic factors that affect blood pressure, therefore presenting a valuable tool for researchers. Sex differences are present before birth and throughout life, which presents a challenge for the study of disease development in humans, but these complexities can be resolved with the use of in vivo models that display similarities to human disease. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of the different available animal models of hypertension that present sexual dimorphisms and to discuss their relevance to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Olivera
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Delyth Graham
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.
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Samrani LMM, Dumont F, Hallmark N, Bars R, Tinwell H, Pallardy M, Piersma AH. Retinoic acid signaling pathway perturbation impacts mesodermal-tissue development in the zebrafish embryo: Biomarker candidate identification using transcriptomics. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 119:108404. [PMID: 37207909 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish embryo (ZE) model provides a developmental model well conserved throughout vertebrate embryogenesis, with relevance for early human embryo development. It was employed to search for gene expression biomarkers of compound-induced disruption of mesodermal development. We were particularly interested in the expression of genes related to the retinoic acid signaling pathway (RA-SP), as a major morphogenetic regulating mechanism. We exposed ZE to teratogenic concentrations of valproic acid (VPA) and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), using folic acid (FA) as a non-teratogenic control compound shortly after fertilization for 4 h, and performed gene expression analysis by RNA sequencing. We identified 248 genes specifically regulated by both teratogens but not by FA. Further analysis of this gene set revealed 54 GO-terms related to the development of mesodermal tissues, distributed along the paraxial, intermediate, and lateral plate sections of the mesoderm. Gene expression regulation was specific to tissues and was observed for somites, striated muscle, bone, kidney, circulatory system, and blood. Stitch analysis revealed 47 regulated genes related to the RA-SP, which were differentially expressed in the various mesodermal tissues. These genes provide potential molecular biomarkers of mesodermal tissue and organ (mal)formation in the early vertebrate embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M M Samrani
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Université Paris-Saclay, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, INSERM, Faculté Pharmacie, 91104 Orsay, France; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | - Marc Pallardy
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, INSERM, Faculté Pharmacie, 91104 Orsay, France
| | - Aldert H Piersma
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, the Netherlands
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43
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Bourque K, Jones-Tabah J, Pétrin D, Martin RD, Tanny JC, Hébert TE. Comparing the signaling and transcriptome profiling landscapes of human iPSC-derived and primary rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12248. [PMID: 37507481 PMCID: PMC10382583 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39525-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The inaccessibility of human cardiomyocytes significantly hindered years of cardiovascular research efforts. To overcome these limitations, non-human cell sources were used as proxies to study heart function and associated diseases. Rodent models became increasingly acceptable surrogates to model the human heart either in vivo or through in vitro cultures. More recently, due to concerns regarding animal to human translation, including cross-species differences, the use of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes presented a renewed opportunity. Here, we conducted a comparative study, assessing cellular signaling through cardiac G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes (RNCMs) and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Genetically encoded biosensors were used to explore GPCR-mediated nuclear protein kinase A (PKA) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/ 2 (ERK1/2) activities in both cardiomyocyte populations. To increase data granularity, a single-cell analytical approach was conducted. Using automated high content microscopy, our analyses of nuclear PKA and ERK1/2 signaling revealed distinct response clusters in rat and human cardiomyocytes. In line with this, bulk RNA-seq revealed key differences in the expression patterns of GPCRs, G proteins and downstream effector expression levels. Our study demonstrates that human stem cell-derived models of the cardiomyocyte offer distinct advantages for understanding cellular signaling in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla Bourque
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Jace Jones-Tabah
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Darlaine Pétrin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ryan D Martin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Jason C Tanny
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Terence E Hébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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Carneiro CFD, Drude N, Hülsemann M, Collazo A, Toelch U. Mapping strategies towards improved external validity in preclinical translational research. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:1273-1285. [PMID: 37691294 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2251886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Translation is about successfully bringing findings from preclinical contexts into the clinic. This transfer is challenging as clinical trials frequently fail despite positive preclinical results. Limited robustness of preclinical research has been marked as one of the drivers of such failures. One suggested solution is to improve the external validity of in vitro and in vivo experiments via a suite of complementary strategies. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors summarize the literature available on different strategies to improve external validity in in vivo, in vitro, or ex vivo experiments; systematic heterogenization; generalizability tests; and multi-batch and multicenter experiments. Articles that tested or discussed sources of variability in systematically heterogenized experiments were identified, and the most prevalent sources of variability are reviewed further. Special considerations in sample size planning, analysis options, and practical feasibility associated with each strategy are also reviewed. EXPERT OPINION The strategies reviewed differentially influence variation in experiments. Different research projects, with their unique goals, can leverage the strengths and limitations of each strategy. Applying a combination of these approaches in confirmatory stages of preclinical research putatively increases the chances of success in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa F D Carneiro
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natascha Drude
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maren Hülsemann
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Collazo
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf Toelch
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin, Germany
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Gorgogietas V, Rajaei B, Heeyoung C, Santacreu BJ, Marín-Cañas S, Salpea P, Sawatani T, Musuaya A, Arroyo MN, Moreno-Castro C, Benabdallah K, Demarez C, Toivonen S, Cosentino C, Pachera N, Lytrivi M, Cai Y, Carnel L, Brown C, Urano F, Marchetti P, Gilon P, Eizirik DL, Cnop M, Igoillo-Esteve M. GLP-1R agonists demonstrate potential to treat Wolfram syndrome in human preclinical models. Diabetologia 2023; 66:1306-1321. [PMID: 36995380 PMCID: PMC10244297 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05905-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Wolfram syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the WFS1 gene. It is characterised by insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, optic nerve atrophy, diabetes insipidus, hearing loss and neurodegeneration. Considering the unmet treatment need for this orphan disease, this study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists under wolframin (WFS1) deficiency with a particular focus on human beta cells and neurons. METHODS The effect of the GLP-1R agonists dulaglutide and exenatide was examined in Wfs1 knockout mice and in an array of human preclinical models of Wolfram syndrome, including WFS1-deficient human beta cells, human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived beta-like cells and neurons from control individuals and individuals affected by Wolfram syndrome, and humanised mice. RESULTS Our study shows that the long-lasting GLP-1R agonist dulaglutide reverses impaired glucose tolerance in WFS1-deficient mice, and that exenatide and dulaglutide improve beta cell function and prevent apoptosis in different human WFS1-deficient models including iPSC-derived beta cells from people with Wolfram syndrome. Exenatide improved mitochondrial function, reduced oxidative stress and prevented apoptosis in Wolfram syndrome iPSC-derived neural precursors and cerebellar neurons. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our study provides novel evidence for the beneficial effect of GLP-1R agonists on WFS1-deficient human pancreatic beta cells and neurons, suggesting that these drugs may be considered as a treatment for individuals with Wolfram syndrome.
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Grants
- UH3 TR002065 NCATS NIH HHS
- U01 DK127786 NIDDK NIH HHS
- R01 DK132090 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UL1 TR000448 NCATS NIH HHS
- P60 DK020579 NIDDK NIH HHS
- P30 DK020579 NIDDK NIH HHS
- UL1 TR002345 NCATS NIH HHS
- UH2 TR002065 NCATS NIH HHS
- Pandarome project FWO and F.R.S.-FNRS under the Excellence of Science (EOS) programme
- Welbio-FNRS
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)/NIDDK
- Philanthropic supports from the Silberman Fund, the Ellie White Foundation for the Rare Genetic Disorders, the Snow Foundation, the Unravel Wolfram Syndrome Fund, the Stowe Fund, the Feiock Fund, the Cachia Fund, the Gildenhorn Fund, the Eye Hope Foundation, Ontario Wolfram League, Associazione Gentian - Sindrome di Wolfram Italia, Alianza de Familias Afectadas por el Sindrome Wolfram Spain, Wolfram syndrome UK, and Association Syndrome de Wolfram France.
- the Walloon Region SPW-EER Win2Wal project BetaSource
- National Institutes of Health Human Islet Research Network Consortium on Beta Cell Death & Survival from Pancreatic β-Cell Gene Networks to Therapy [HIRN-CBDS])
- Eye Hope Foundation
- Fonds Erasme for Medical Research
- Alianza de familias afectadas por el síndrome de Wolfram (AFASW)
- Brussels Region Innoviris (Bridge) project DiaType
- Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation (Innovate2CureType1)
- Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS)
- Francophone Foundation for Diabetes Research (FFRD, that is sponsored by the French Diabetes Federation, Abbott, Eli Lilly,Merck Sharp & Dohme and Novo Nordisk)
- NIH/ National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS)
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyron Gorgogietas
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bahareh Rajaei
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chae Heeyoung
- Institut de Recherche Expérimental et Clinique, Pôle d'Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Bruno J Santacreu
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandra Marín-Cañas
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paraskevi Salpea
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Toshiaki Sawatani
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anyishai Musuaya
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - María N Arroyo
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Khadija Benabdallah
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Celine Demarez
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sanna Toivonen
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cristina Cosentino
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Pachera
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria Lytrivi
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ying Cai
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Cris Brown
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fumihiko Urano
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, AOUP Cisanello University Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrick Gilon
- Institut de Recherche Expérimental et Clinique, Pôle d'Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Ahluwalia K, Martinez-Camarillo JC, Thomas BB, Naik A, Gonzalez-Calle A, Pollalis D, Lebkowski J, Lee SY, Mitra D, Louie SG, Humayun MS. Polarized RPE Secretome Preserves Photoreceptors in Retinal Dystrophic RCS Rats. Cells 2023; 12:1689. [PMID: 37443724 PMCID: PMC10340490 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal degenerative diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinitis pigmentosa, lack effective therapies. Conventional monotherapeutic approaches fail to target the multiple affected pathways in retinal degeneration. However, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) secretes several neurotrophic factors addressing diverse cellular pathways, potentially preserving photoreceptors. This study explored human embryonic stem cell-derived, polarized RPE soluble factors (PRPE-SF) as a combination treatment for retinal degeneration. PRPE-SF promoted retinal progenitor cell survival, reduced oxidative stress in ARPE-19 cells, and demonstrated critical antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects for preventing retinal degeneration in the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rat model. Importantly, PRPE-SF treatment preserved retinal structure and scotopic b-wave amplitudes, suggesting therapeutic potential for delaying retinal degeneration. PRPE-SF is uniquely produced using biomimetic membranes for RPE polarization and maturation, promoting a protective RPE secretome phenotype. Additionally, PRPE-SF is produced without animal serum to avoid immunogenicity in future clinical development. Lastly, PRPE-SF is a combination of neurotrophic factors, potentially ameliorating multiple dysfunctions in retinal degenerations. In conclusion, PRPE-SF offers a promising therapeutic candidate for retinal degenerative diseases, advancing the development of effective therapeutic strategies for these debilitating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabir Ahluwalia
- Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (K.A.); (A.N.)
| | - Juan-Carlos Martinez-Camarillo
- USC Ginsburg Institute of for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (J.-C.M.-C.); (B.B.T.); (A.G.-C.); (D.P.); (S.Y.L.); (D.M.)
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Biju B. Thomas
- USC Ginsburg Institute of for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (J.-C.M.-C.); (B.B.T.); (A.G.-C.); (D.P.); (S.Y.L.); (D.M.)
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Aditya Naik
- Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (K.A.); (A.N.)
| | - Alejandra Gonzalez-Calle
- USC Ginsburg Institute of for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (J.-C.M.-C.); (B.B.T.); (A.G.-C.); (D.P.); (S.Y.L.); (D.M.)
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Dimitrios Pollalis
- USC Ginsburg Institute of for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (J.-C.M.-C.); (B.B.T.); (A.G.-C.); (D.P.); (S.Y.L.); (D.M.)
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jane Lebkowski
- Regenerative Patch Technologies LLC, Menlo Park, CA 94028, USA;
| | - Sun Young Lee
- USC Ginsburg Institute of for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (J.-C.M.-C.); (B.B.T.); (A.G.-C.); (D.P.); (S.Y.L.); (D.M.)
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Physiology & Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Debbie Mitra
- USC Ginsburg Institute of for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (J.-C.M.-C.); (B.B.T.); (A.G.-C.); (D.P.); (S.Y.L.); (D.M.)
| | - Stan G. Louie
- Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (K.A.); (A.N.)
- USC Ginsburg Institute of for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (J.-C.M.-C.); (B.B.T.); (A.G.-C.); (D.P.); (S.Y.L.); (D.M.)
| | - Mark S. Humayun
- USC Ginsburg Institute of for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (J.-C.M.-C.); (B.B.T.); (A.G.-C.); (D.P.); (S.Y.L.); (D.M.)
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Weger M, Weger BD, Gachon F. Understanding circadian dynamics: current progress and future directions for chronobiology in drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023. [PMID: 37300813 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2224554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most mammalian physiology is orchestrated by the circadian clock, including drug transport and metabolism. As a result, efficacy and toxicity of many drugs are influenced by the timing of their administration, which has led to the establishment of the field of chronopharmacology. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors provide an overview of the current knowledge about the time-of-day dependent aspects of drug metabolism and the importance of chronopharmacological strategies for drug development. They also discuss the factors influencing rhythmic drug pharmacokinetic including sex, metabolic diseases, feeding rhythms, and microbiota, that are often overlooked in the context of chronopharmacology. This article summarizes the involved molecular mechanisms and functions and explains why these parameters should be considered in the process of drug discovery. EXPERT OPINION Although chronomodulated treatments have shown promising results, particularly for cancer, the practice is still underdeveloped due to the associated high cost and time investments. However, implementing this strategy at the preclinical stage could offer a new opportunity to translate preclinical discoveries into successful clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Weger
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Benjamin D Weger
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Frédéric Gachon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
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48
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Cai L, Rodgers E, Schoenmann N, Raju RP. Advances in Rodent Experimental Models of Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9578. [PMID: 37298529 PMCID: PMC10253762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the development of therapeutic strategies for human diseases, preclinical experimental models have a key role. However, the preclinical immunomodulatory therapies developed using rodent sepsis were not successful in human clinical trials. Sepsis is characterized by a dysregulated inflammation and redox imbalance triggered by infection. Human sepsis is simulated in experimental models using methods that trigger inflammation or infection in the host animals, most often mice or rats. It remains unknown whether the characteristics of the host species, the methods used to induce sepsis, or the molecular processes focused upon need to be revisited in the development of treatment methods that will succeed in human clinical trials. Our goal in this review is to provide a survey of existing experimental models of sepsis, including the use of humanized mice and dirty mice, and to show how these models reflect the clinical course of sepsis. We will discuss the strengths and limitations of these models and present recent advances in this subject area. We maintain that rodent models continue to have an irreplaceable role in studies toward discovering treatment methods for human sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Cai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rodgers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Nick Schoenmann
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Raghavan Pillai Raju
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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49
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Johnston A, Callanan A. Recent Methods for Modifying Mechanical Properties of Tissue-Engineered Scaffolds for Clinical Applications. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8020205. [PMID: 37218791 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The limited regenerative capacity of the human body, in conjunction with a shortage of healthy autologous tissue, has created an urgent need for alternative grafting materials. A potential solution is a tissue-engineered graft, a construct which supports and integrates with host tissue. One of the key challenges in fabricating a tissue-engineered graft is achieving mechanical compatibility with the graft site; a disparity in these properties can shape the behaviour of the surrounding native tissue, contributing to the likelihood of graft failure. The purpose of this review is to examine the means by which researchers have altered the mechanical properties of tissue-engineered constructs via hybrid material usage, multi-layer scaffold designs, and surface modifications. A subset of these studies which has investigated the function of their constructs in vivo is also presented, followed by an examination of various tissue-engineered designs which have been clinically translated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Johnston
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, UK
| | - Anthony Callanan
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, UK
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50
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Lewis AS, Nobis WP. Narrowing the translational research gap by aligning replication concepts in basic and clinical neuroscience. J Neurosci Methods 2023; 392:109878. [PMID: 37169225 PMCID: PMC10214459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.109878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Replicability and reproducibility are widely considered to be cornerstones of valid scientific research. Yet, the elements of replication in fundamental neuroscience studies do not fully overlap with the process of replication in clinical neuroscience involving patients. Here we discuss how better aligning the concept of replication across this translational spectrum might enhance the rate at which basic findings in the organization and function of the nervous system are leveraged to develop new treatments for psychiatric and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan S Lewis
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - William P Nobis
- Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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