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Gyimesi M, Okolicsanyi RK, Haupt LM. Beyond amyloid and tau: rethinking Alzheimer's disease through less explored avenues. Open Biol 2024; 14:240035. [PMID: 38862019 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.240035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD), pose a significant challenge in ageing populations. Our current understanding indicates that the onset of toxic amyloid and tau protein pathologies initiates disease progression. However, existing treatments targeting these hallmark symptoms offer symptomatic relief without halting disease advancement. This review offers an alternative perspective on AD, centring on impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) as a potential early aetiological factor. By delving into the intricate molecular events during the initial stages of AD (Braak Stages I-III), a novel hypothesis is presented, interweaving the roles of Notch signalling and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) in compromised AHN. While acknowledging the significance of the amyloid and tau hypotheses, it calls for further exploration beyond these paradigms, suggesting the potential of altered HS sulfation patterns in AD initiation. Future directions propose more detailed investigations into early HS aggregation, aberrant sulfation patterns and examination of their temporal relationship with tau hyperphosphorylation. In challenging the conventional 'triggers' of AD and urging their reconsideration as symptoms, this review advocates an alternative approach to understanding this disease, offering new avenues of investigation into the intricacies of AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gyimesi
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Group, Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave , Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - R K Okolicsanyi
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Group, Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave , Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
- Max Planck Queensland Centre for the Materials Sciences of Extracellular Matrices , Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - L M Haupt
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Group, Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave , Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
- Max Planck Queensland Centre for the Materials Sciences of Extracellular Matrices , Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave , Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies , Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
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2
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Orr TJ, Lesha E, Kramer AH, Cecia A, Dugan JE, Schwartz B, Einhaus SL. Traumatic Brain Injury: A Comprehensive Review of Biomechanics and Molecular Pathophysiology. World Neurosurg 2024; 185:74-88. [PMID: 38272305 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a critical public health concern with profound consequences for affected individuals. This comprehensive literature review delves into TBI intricacies, encompassing primary injury biomechanics and the molecular pathophysiology of the secondary injury cascade. Primary TBI involves a complex interplay of forces, including impact loading, blast overpressure, and impulsive loading, leading to diverse injury patterns. These forces can be categorized into inertial (e.g., rotational acceleration causing focal and diffuse injuries) and contact forces (primarily causing focal injuries like skull fractures). Understanding their interactions is crucial for effective injury management. The secondary injury cascade in TBI comprises multifaceted molecular and cellular responses, including altered ion concentrations, dysfunctional neurotransmitter networks, oxidative stress, and cellular energy disturbances. These disruptions impair synaptic function, neurotransmission, and neuroplasticity, resulting in cognitive and behavioral deficits. Moreover, neuroinflammatory responses play a pivotal role in exacerbating damage. As we endeavor to bridge the knowledge gap between biomechanics and molecular pathophysiology, further research is imperative to unravel the nuanced interplay between mechanical forces and their consequences at the molecular and cellular levels, ultimately guiding the development of targeted therapeutic strategies to mitigate the debilitating effects of TBI. In this study, we aim to provide a concise review of the bridge between biomechanical processes causing primary injury and the ensuing molecular pathophysiology of secondary injury, while detailing the subsequent clinical course for this patient population. This knowledge is crucial for advancing our understanding of TBI and developing effective interventions to improve outcomes for those affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J Orr
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.
| | - Emal Lesha
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; Semmes Murphey Clinic, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Alexandra H Kramer
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Arba Cecia
- School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John E Dugan
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Barrett Schwartz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; Semmes Murphey Clinic, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Stephanie L Einhaus
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; Semmes Murphey Clinic, Memphis, Tennessee
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3
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Panayi N, Schulz P, He P, Hanna B, Lifshitz J, Rowe RK, Sierks MR. Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice Generates Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease Related Protein Pathology that Correlates with Neurobehavioral Deficits. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04035-5. [PMID: 38411868 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases the long-term risk of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we demonstrate that protein variant pathology generated in brain tissue of an experimental TBI mouse model is similar to protein variant pathology observed during early stages of AD, and that subacute accumulation of AD associated variants of amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau in the TBI mouse model correlated with behavioral deficits. Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to midline fluid percussion injury or to sham injury, after which sensorimotor function (rotarod, neurological severity score), cognitive deficit (novel object recognition), and affective deficits (elevated plus maze, forced swim task) were assessed post-injury (DPI). Protein pathology at 7, 14, and 28 DPI was measured in multiple brain regions using an immunostain panel of reagents selectively targeting different neurodegenerative disease-related variants of Aβ, tau, TDP-43, and alpha-synuclein. Overall, TBI resulted in sensorimotor deficits and accumulation of AD-related protein variant pathology near the impact site, both of which returned to sham levels by 14 DPI. Individual mice, however, showed persistent behavioral deficits and/or accumulation of toxic protein variants at 28 DPI. Behavioral outcomes of each mouse were correlated with levels of seven different protein variants in ten brain regions at specific DPI. Out of 21 significant correlations between protein variant levels and behavioral deficits, 18 were with variants of Aβ or tau. Correlations at 28 DPI were all between a single Aβ or tau variant, both of which are strongly associated with human AD cases. These data provide a direct mechanistic link between protein pathology resulting from TBI and the hallmarks of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Panayi
- Chemical Engineering, The School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-6106, USA
| | - Philip Schulz
- Chemical Engineering, The School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-6106, USA
| | - Ping He
- Chemical Engineering, The School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-6106, USA
| | - Brandon Hanna
- Chemical Engineering, The School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-6106, USA
| | - Jonathan Lifshitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Phoenix Veteran Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Rachel K Rowe
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Michael R Sierks
- Chemical Engineering, The School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-6106, USA.
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4
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Pasam T, Dandekar MP. Insights from Rodent Models for Improving Bench-to-Bedside Translation in Traumatic Brain Injury. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2761:599-622. [PMID: 38427264 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3662-6_40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Road accidents, domestic falls, and persons associated with sports and military services exhibited the concussion or contusion type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that resulted in chronic traumatic encephalopathy. In some instances, these complex neurological aberrations pose severe brain damage and devastating long-term neurological sequelae. Several preclinical (rat and mouse) TBI models simulate the clinical TBI endophenotypes. Moreover, many investigational neuroprotective candidates showed promising effects in these models; however, the therapeutic success of these screening candidates has been discouraging at various stages of clinical trials. Thus, a correct selection of screening model that recapitulates the clinical neurobiology and endophenotypes of concussion or contusion is essential. Herein, we summarize the advantages and caveats of different preclinical models adopted for TBI research. We suggest that an accurate selection of experimental TBI models may improve the translational viability of the investigational entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulasi Pasam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India.
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Svirsky SE, Li Y, Henchir J, Rodina A, Carlson SW, Chiosis G, Dixon CE. Experimental traumatic brain injury increases epichaperome formation. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 188:106331. [PMID: 37863370 PMCID: PMC10698712 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Under normal conditions, heat shock proteins work in unison through dynamic protein interactions collectively referred to as the "chaperome." Recent work revealed that during cellular stress, the functional interactions of the chaperome are modified to form the "epichaperome," which results in improper protein folding, degradation, aggregation, and transport. This study is the first to investigate this novel mechanism of protein dishomeostasis in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Male and female adult, Sprague-Dawley rats received a lateral controlled cortical impact (CCI) and the ipsilateral hippocampus was collected 24 h 1, 2, and 4 weeks after injury. The epichaperome complex was visualized by measuring HSP90, HSC70 and HOP expression in native-PAGE and normalized to monomeric protein expression. A two-way ANOVA examined the effect of injury and sex at each time-point. Native HSP90, HSC70 and HOP protein expression showed a significant effect of injury effect across all time-points. Additionally, HSC70 and HOP showed significant sex effects at 24 h and 4 weeks. Altogether, controlled cortical impact significantly increased formation of the epichaperome across all proteins measured. Further investigation of this pathological mechanism can lead to a greater understanding of the link between TBI and increased risk of neurodegenerative disease and targeting the epichaperome for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Svirsky
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Youming Li
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Jeremy Henchir
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Anna Rodina
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Shaun W Carlson
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - C Edward Dixon
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; V.A. Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Faulkner MB, Rizk M, Bazzi Z, Dysko RC, Zhang Z. Sex-Specific Effects of Buprenorphine on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Abnormal Protein Accumulation, and Cell Loss After Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice. Neurotrauma Rep 2023; 4:573-585. [PMID: 37752926 PMCID: PMC10518695 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2023.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children often leads to poor developmental outcomes attributable to progressive cell loss caused by secondary injuries, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Buprenorphine (BPN) is commonly used in children for pain management; however, the effects of BPN on ER stress in the pediatric population are still inconclusive. This study investigated the sex-specific effects of BPN on ER stress, abnormal protein accumulation, and cell loss in a mouse impact acceleration model of pediatric TBI. On post-natal day 20-21 (P20-21), male and female littermates were randomized into sham, TBI + saline and TBI + BPN groups. BPN (0.075 mg/kg) was administered to TBI + BPN mice at 30 min after injury and then every 6-12 h for 2 days. The impact of BPN was evaluated at 1, 3, and 7 days post-injury. We found that TBI induced more prominent ER stress pathway activation at 1 and 3 days post-injury in males, compared to females, whereas abnormal protein accumulation and cell loss were more severe in females at 7 days post-injury, compared with males. Although BPN partially ameliorated abnormal protein accumulation and cell loss in both males and females, BPN only decreased ER stress pathway activation in males, not in females. In conclusion, BPN exhibits sex-specific effects on ER stress, abnormal protein accumulation, and cell loss in a time-dependent manner at the acute phase after pediatric TBI, which provides the rationale to assess the potential effects of BPN on long-term outcomes after pediatric TBI in both males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan B. Faulkner
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan–Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
| | - Mariam Rizk
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan–Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
| | - Zahraa Bazzi
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan–Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
| | - Robert C. Dysko
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan–Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan–Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
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Fatemeh B, Koorosh S, Amir S, Yaghoub F, Javad MZ. Intra-hippocampal cis-P tau microinjection induces long-term changes in behavior and synaptic plasticity in mice. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2023; 19:9. [PMID: 37231523 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-023-00211-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is accompanied by an abnormal high accumulation of cis-P tau. However, the long-term changes in behavior following tau accumulation remains under debate. The present study investigated the long-term effects of tauopathy on learning and memory, synaptic plasticity, and hippocampal cell numbers. RESULTS Cis-P tau was microinjected into the dorsal hippocampus to generate Alzheimer's like-disease model in C57BL/6 mice. Cis-P tau injected animals showed a significant impairment in learning and memory in Y-maze and Barnes maze tests. In another group of animals, the generation of long-term potentiation (LTP) was evaluated in hippocampal slices 7 months after cis-P tau injection. LTP induction was disrupted only in the dorsal but not ventral hippocampal slices. The basal synaptic transmission was also reduced in dorsal hippocampal slices. In addition, hippocampal sampling was done, and the number of cells was assessed by Nissl staining. Obtained results indicated that the number of survived cells was significantly reduced in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus of cis P-tau injected animals compared to the animals in control group. However, the decrement of cell number was higher in the dorsal compared to the ventral hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, intra-hippocampal cis-P tau injection produced learning and memory impairment at 7 months after its injection. This impairment might result from LTP disruption and a significant decrease in the number of neurons in the dorsal hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakhtiarzadeh Fatemeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-331, Tehran, 1411713116, Iran
| | - Shahpasand Koorosh
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shojaei Amir
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-331, Tehran, 1411713116, Iran
- Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fathollahi Yaghoub
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-331, Tehran, 1411713116, Iran
| | - Mirnajafi-Zadeh Javad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-331, Tehran, 1411713116, Iran.
- Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Panayi N, Schulz P, He P, Hanna B, Lifshitz J, Rowe R, Sierks MR. Traumatic brain injury in mice generates early-stage Alzheimer's disease related protein pathology that correlates with neurobehavioral deficits. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2865501. [PMID: 37205508 PMCID: PMC10187431 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2865501/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases the long-term risk of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we demonstrate that protein variant pathology generated in brain tissue of an experimental TBI mouse model is similar to protein variant pathology observed in human ADbrains, and that subacute accumulation of two AD associated variants of amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau in the TBI mouse model correlated with behavioral deficits. Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to midline fluid percussion injury or to sham injury, after which sensorimotor function (rotarod, neurological severity score), cognitive deficit (novel object recognition), and affective deficits (elevated plus maze, forced swim task) were assessed at different days post-injury (DPI). Protein pathology at 7, 14, and 28 DPI was measured in multiple brain regions using an immunostain panel of reagents selectively targeting different neurodegenerative disease-related variants of Aβ, tau, TDP-43, and alpha-synuclein. Overall, TBI resulted in sensorimotor deficits and accumulation of AD-related protein variant pathology near the impact site, both of which returned to sham levels by 14 DPI. Individual mice, however, showed persistent behavioral deficits and/or accumulation of selected toxic protein variants at 28 DPI. Behavioral outcomes of each mouse were correlated with levels of seven different protein variants in ten brain regions at specific DPI. Out of 21 significant correlations between protein variant levels and behavioral deficits, 18 were with variants of Aβ or tau. Correlations at 28 DPI were all between a single Aβ or tau variant, both of which are strongly associated with human AD cases. These data provide a direct mechanistic link between protein pathology resulting from TBI and the hallmarks of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jonathan Lifshitz
- University of Arizona College of Pharmacy: The University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix
| | - Rachel Rowe
- University of Colorado at Boulder: University of Colorado Boulder
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Yadikar H, Johnson C, Pafundi N, Nguyen L, Kurup M, Torres I, Al-Enezy A, Yang Z, Yost R, Kobeissy FH, Wang KKW. Neurobiochemical, Peptidomic, and Bioinformatic Approaches to Characterize Tauopathy Peptidome Biomarker Candidates in Experimental Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2295-2319. [PMID: 36635478 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03165-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a multidimensional damage, and currently, no FDA-approved medicine is available. Multiple pathways in the cell are triggered through a head injury (e.g., calpain and caspase activation), which truncate tau and generate variable fragment sizes (MW 400-45,000 K). In this study, we used an open-head TBI mouse model generated by controlled cortical impact (CCI) and collected ipsilateral (IC) and contralateral (CC) mice htau brain cortices at one (D1) three (D3), and seven (D7) days post-injury. We implemented immunological (antibody-based detection) and peptidomic approaches (nano-reversed-phase liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry) to investigate proteolytic tau peptidome (low molecular weight (LMW) < 10 K)) and pathological phosphorylation sites (high-molecular-weight (HMW); > 10 K) derived from CCI-TBI animal models. Our immunoblotting analysis verified tau hyperphosphorylation, HMW, and HMW breakdown products (HMW-BDP) formation of tau (e.g., pSer202, pThr181, pThr231, pSer396, and pSer404), following CCI-TBI. Peptidomic data revealed unique sequences of injury-dependent proteolytic peptides generated from human tau protein. Among the N-terminal tau peptides, EIPEGTTAEEAGIGDTPSLEDEAAGHVTQA (a.a. 96-125) and AQPHTEIPEGTTAEEAGIGDTPSLEDEAAGHVTQARM (a.a. 91-127). Examples of tau C-terminal peptides identified include NVSSTGSIDMVDSPQLATLADEVSASLAKQGL (a.a. 410-441) and QLATLADEVSASLAKQGL (a.a. 424-441). Our peptidomic bioinformatic tools showed the association of proteases, such as CAPN1, CAPN2, and CTSL; CASP1, MMP7, and MMP9; and ELANE, GZMA, and MEP1A, in CCI-TBI tau peptidome. In clinical trials for novel TBI treatments, it might be useful to monitor a subset of tau peptidome as targets for biomarker utility and use them for a "theranostic" approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Yadikar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait.
| | - Connor Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Niko Pafundi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Lynn Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Milin Kurup
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Isabel Torres
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Albandery Al-Enezy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Zhihui Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Richard Yost
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Laboratory Building, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Firas H Kobeissy
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. .,Morehouse School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Center for Neurotrauma, Multiomics & Biomarkers (CNMB), 720 Westview Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA.
| | - Kevin K W Wang
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. .,Morehouse School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Center for Neurotrauma, Multiomics & Biomarkers (CNMB), 720 Westview Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA. .,Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA.
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10
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Balabandian M, Noori M, Lak B, Karimizadeh Z, Nabizadeh F. Traumatic brain injury and risk of Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis. Acta Neurol Belg 2023:10.1007/s13760-023-02209-x. [PMID: 36781627 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-023-02209-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Association between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and Parkinson's disease (PD) has been a hot topic of discussion for a long time. Previous studies reported that the incidence of PD is significantly higher among elderly adults with a history of TBI. Due to contradictory results of previous investigations, we aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the role of TBI as a risk factor for PD. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. In this study, we included published papers on the risk of PD in patients with previous TBI compared to the healthy control group. RESULTS After the screening, 15 studies entered our systematic review and meta-analysis. The risk ratio of TBI among PD and controls by a combination of 15 studies using a random-effect model was 1.48 (95% CI 1.22-1.74). The prevalence of TBI by a combination of 14 studies was 18% (95% CI 12-24%). CONCLUSION Our result suggests that TBI is a major risk factor for developing PD later in life. At this time, there is a lack of populous prospective cohort studies with sufficient follow-up period to provide a well-documented association between the onset of PD and severity, frequency, and location of prior TBI, which warrants special efforts and consideration for years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Balabandian
- Neuroscience Research Group (NRG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Noori
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behina Lak
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Karimizadeh
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Nabizadeh
- Neuroscience Research Group (NRG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran. .,School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Soligo M, Manni L, Conti G, Chiaretti A. Intranasal nerve growth factor for prevention and recovery of the outcomes of traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:773-778. [DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.354513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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12
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Nelles DG, Hazrati LN. Ependymal cells and neurodegenerative disease: outcomes of compromised ependymal barrier function. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac288. [PMID: 36415662 PMCID: PMC9677497 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the central nervous system, ependymal cells form critical components of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and the cerebrospinal fluid-brain barrier. These barriers provide biochemical, immunological and physical protection against the entry of molecules and foreign substances into the cerebrospinal fluid while also regulating cerebrospinal fluid dynamics, such as the composition, flow and removal of waste from the cerebrospinal fluid. Previous research has demonstrated that several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis, display irregularities in ependymal cell function, morphology, gene expression and metabolism. Despite playing key roles in maintaining overall brain health, ependymal barriers are largely overlooked and understudied in the context of disease, thus limiting the development of novel diagnostic and treatment options. Therefore, this review explores the anatomical properties, functions and structures that define ependymal cells in the healthy brain, as well as the ways in which ependymal cell dysregulation manifests across several neurodegenerative diseases. Specifically, we will address potential mechanisms, causes and consequences of ependymal cell dysfunction and describe how compromising the integrity of ependymal barriers may initiate, contribute to, or drive widespread neurodegeneration in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana G Nelles
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Canada
| | - Lili-Naz Hazrati
- Correspondence to: Dr. Lili-Naz Hazrati 555 University Ave, Toronto ON M5G 1X8, Canada E-mail:
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13
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Carvajal FJ, Cerpa W. Regulation of Phosphorylated State of NMDA Receptor by STEP 61 Phosphatase after Mild-Traumatic Brain Injury: Role of Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101575. [PMID: 34679709 PMCID: PMC8533270 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) mediates neuronal death through several events involving many molecular pathways, including the glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity for excessive stimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), producing activation of death signaling pathways. However, the contribution of NMDARs (distribution and signaling-associated to the distribution) remains incompletely understood. We propose a critical role of STEP61 (Striatal-Enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase) in TBI; this phosphatase regulates the dephosphorylated state of the GluN2B subunit through two pathways: by direct dephosphorylation of tyrosine-1472 and indirectly via dephosphorylation and inactivation of Fyn kinase. We previously demonstrated oxidative stress’s contribution to NMDAR signaling and distribution using SOD2+/− mice such a model. We performed TBI protocol using a controlled frontal impact device using C57BL/6 mice and SOD2+/− animals. After TBI, we found alterations in cognitive performance, NMDAR-dependent synaptic function (decreased synaptic form of NMDARs and decreased synaptic current NMDAR-dependent), and increased STEP61 activity. These changes are reduced partially with the STEP61-inhibitor TC-2153 treatment in mice subjected to TBI protocol. This study contributes with evidence about the role of STEP61 in the neuropathological progression after TBI and also the alteration in their activity, such as an early biomarker of synaptic damage in traumatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Carvajal
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
| | - Waldo Cerpa
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2-2354-2656; Fax: +56-2-2354-2660
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14
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Doust YV, Rowe RK, Adelson PD, Lifshitz J, Ziebell JM. Age-at-Injury Determines the Extent of Long-Term Neuropathology and Microgliosis After a Diffuse Brain Injury in Male Rats. Front Neurol 2021; 12:722526. [PMID: 34566867 PMCID: PMC8455817 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.722526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can occur at any age, from youth to the elderly, and its contribution to age-related neuropathology remains unknown. Few studies have investigated the relationship between age-at-injury and pathophysiology at a discrete biological age. In this study, we report the immunohistochemical analysis of naïve rat brains compared to those subjected to diffuse TBI by midline fluid percussion injury (mFPI) at post-natal day (PND) 17, PND35, 2-, 4-, or 6-months of age. All brains were collected when rats were 10-months of age (n = 6–7/group). Generalized linear mixed models were fitted to analyze binomial proportion and count data with R Studio. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and neurofilament (SMI34, SMI32) neuronal pathology were counted in the corpus callosum (CC) and primary sensory barrel field (S1BF). Phosphorylated TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (pTDP-43) neuropathology was counted in the S1BF and hippocampus. There was a significantly greater extent of APP and SMI34 axonal pathology and pTDP-43 neuropathology following a TBI compared with naïves regardless of brain region or age-at-injury. However, age-at-injury did determine the extent of dendritic neurofilament (SMI32) pathology in the CC and S1BF where all brain-injured rats exhibited a greater extent of pathology compared with naïve. No significant differences were detected in the extent of astrocyte activation between brain-injured and naïve rats. Microglia counts were conducted in the S1BF, hippocampus, ventral posteromedial (VPM) nucleus, zona incerta, and posterior hypothalamic nucleus. There was a significantly greater proportion of deramified microglia, regardless of whether the TBI was recent or remote, but this only occurred in the S1BF and hippocampus. The proportion of microglia with colocalized CD68 and TREM2 in the S1BF was greater in all brain-injured rats compared with naïve, regardless of whether the TBI was recent or remote. Only rats with recent TBI exhibited a greater proportion of CD68-positive microglia compared with naive in the hippocampus and posterior hypothalamic nucleus. Whilst, only rats with a remote brain-injury displayed a greater proportion of microglia colocalized with TREM2 in the hippocampus. Thus, chronic alterations in neuronal and microglial characteristics are evident in the injured brain despite the recency of a diffuse brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine V Doust
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Rachel K Rowe
- Department of Integrative Physiology at University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States.,BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - P David Adelson
- BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Jonathan Lifshitz
- BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Phoenix Veteran Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Jenna M Ziebell
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.,BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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15
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Kobeissy FH, Shakkour Z, Hayek SE, Mohamed W, Gold MS, Wang KKW. Elevation of Pro-inflammatory and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in Rat Serum after Acute Methamphetamine Treatment and Traumatic Brain Injury. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 72:158-168. [PMID: 34542809 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01886-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The use of methamphetamine (METH) is a growing worldwide epidemic that bears grave societal implications. METH is known to exert its neurotoxic effects on the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems of the brain. In addition to this classical studied mechanism of damage, findings from our laboratory and others have shown that acute METH treatment and mechanical injury, i.e. traumatic brain injury (TBI), share common cell injury mechanism(s). Since neuro-inflammation is a signature event in TBI, we hypothesize that certain cytokine levels might also be altered in rat brain exposed to an acute METH insult. In this study, using a cytokine antibody array chip, we evaluated the serum levels of 19 cytokines in rats 24 h after exposure to a 40 mg/kg acute regimen of METH. Data were compared to rats subjected to experimental TBI using the controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury model and saline controls. Sandwich ELISA method was used to further validate some of the findings obtained from the antibody cytokine array. We confirmed that three major inflammatory-linked cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) were elevated in the METH and TBI groups compared to the saline group. Such finding suggests the involvement of an inflammatory process in these brain insults, indicating that METH use is, in fact, a stressor to the immune system where systemic involvement of an altered cytokine profile may play a major role in mediating chemical brain injury after METH use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas H Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics, and Biomarkers Research, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zaynab Shakkour
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samer El Hayek
- Department of Psychiatry, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wael Mohamed
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Menoufia Medical School, Menoufia University, Al Minufya, Egypt.,Basic medical science department, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mark S Gold
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, and National Council, Washington University in St. Louis, Institute for Public Health, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kevin K W Wang
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics, and Biomarkers Research, Gainesville, FL, USA. .,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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16
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Niu F, Sharma A, Wang Z, Feng L, Muresanu DF, Sahib S, Tian ZR, Lafuente JV, Buzoianu AD, Castellani RJ, Nozari A, Menon PK, Patnaik R, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Nanodelivery of oxiracetam enhances memory, functional recovery and induces neuroprotection following concussive head injury. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 265:139-230. [PMID: 34560921 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Military personnel are the most susceptible to concussive head injury (CHI) caused by explosion, blast or missile or blunt head trauma. Mild to moderate CHI could induce lifetime functional and cognitive disturbances causing significant decrease in quality of life. Severe CHI leads to instant death and lifetime paralysis. Thus, further exploration of novel therapeutic agents or new features of known pharmacological agents are needed to enhance quality of life of CHI victims. Previous reports from our laboratory showed that mild CHI induced by weight drop technique causing an impact of 0.224N results in profound progressive functional deficit, memory impairment and brain pathology from 5h after trauma that continued over several weeks of injury. In this investigation we report that TiO2 nanowired delivery of oxiracetam (50mg/kg, i.p.) daily for 5 days after CHI resulted in significant improvement of functional deficit on the 8th day. This was observed using Rota Rod treadmill, memory improvement assessed by the time spent in finding hidden platform under water. The motor function improvement is seen in oxiracetam treated CHI group by placing forepaw on an inclined mesh walking and foot print analysis for stride length and distance between hind feet. TiO2-nanowired oxiracetam also induced marked improvements in the cerebral blood flow, reduction in the BBB breakdown and edema formation as well as neuroprotection of neuronal, glial and myelin damages caused by CHI at light and electron microscopy on the 7th day after 5 days TiO2 oxiracetam treatment. Adverse biochemical events such as upregulation of CSF nitrite and nitrate, IL-6, TNF-a and p-Tau are also reduced significantly in oxiracetam treated CHI group. On the other hand post treatment of 100mg/kg dose of normal oxiracetam in identical conditions after CHI is needed to show slight but significant neuroprotection together with mild recovery of memory function and functional deficits on the 8th day. These observations are the first to point out that nanowired delivery of oxiracetam has superior neuroprotective ability in CHI. These results indicate a promising clinical future of TiO2 oxiracetam in treating CHI patients for better quality of life and neurorehabilitation, not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Niu
- CSPC NBP Pharmaceutical Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Zhenguo Wang
- CSPC NBP Pharmaceutical Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Seaab Sahib
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Preeti K Menon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ranjana Patnaik
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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17
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Markovic SJ, Fitzgerald M, Peiffer JJ, Scott BR, Rainey-Smith SR, Sohrabi HR, Brown BM. The impact of exercise, sleep, and diet on neurocognitive recovery from mild traumatic brain injury in older adults: A narrative review. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 68:101322. [PMID: 33737117 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) accounts for a large majority of traumatic brain injuries sustained globally each year. Older adults, who are already susceptible to age-related declines to neurocognitive health, appear to be at an increased risk of both sustaining an mTBI and experiencing slower or impaired recovery. There is also growing evidence that mTBI is a potential risk factor for accelerated cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. Lifestyle-based interventions are gaining prominence as a cost-effective means of maintaining cognition and brain health with age. Consequently, inter-individual variations in exercise, sleep, and dietary patterns could influence the trajectory of post-mTBI neurocognitive recovery, particularly in older adults. This review synthesises the current animal and human literature centred on the mechanisms through which lifestyle-related habits and behaviours could influence acute and longer-term neurocognitive functioning following mTBI. Numerous neuroprotective processes which are impacted by lifestyle factors have been established in animal models of TBI. However, the literature is characterised by a lack of translation to human samples and limited appraisal of the interaction between ageing and brain injury. Further research is needed to better establish the therapeutic utility of applying lifestyle-based modifications to improve post-mTBI neurocognitive outcomes in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun J Markovic
- Discipline of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute Building, 8 Verdun St, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Melinda Fitzgerald
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute Building, 8 Verdun St, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute Building, 8 Verdun St, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jeremiah J Peiffer
- Discipline of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; Murdoch Applied Sports Science Laboratory, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Brendan R Scott
- Discipline of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; Murdoch Applied Sports Science Laboratory, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephanie R Rainey-Smith
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute Building, 8 Verdun St, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hamid R Sohrabi
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute Building, 8 Verdun St, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Balaclava Rd, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Belinda M Brown
- Discipline of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute Building, 8 Verdun St, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
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18
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Silhan D, Bartos A, Mrzilkova J, Pashkovska O, Ibrahim I, Tintera J. The Parietal Atrophy Score on Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a Reliable Visual Scale. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 17:534-539. [PMID: 32851946 PMCID: PMC7569282 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666200807193957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aims The purpose of the study was to evaluate the reliability of our new visual scale for a quick atrophy assessment of parietal lobes on brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) among different professionals. A good agreement would justify its use for differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementias, especially early-onset Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), in clinical settings. Methods The visual scale named the Parietal Atrophy Score (PAS) is based on a semi-quantitative assessment ranging from 0 (no atrophy) to 2 (prominent atrophy) in three parietal structures (sulcus cingularis posterior, precuneus, parietal gyri) on T1-weighted MRI coronal slices through the whole parietal lobes. We used kappa statistics to evaluate intra-rater and inter-rater agreement among four raters who independently scored parietal atrophy using PAS. Rater 1 was a neuroanatomist (JM), rater 2 was an expert in MRI acquisition and analysis (II), rater 3 was a medical student (OP) and rater 4 was a neurologist (DS) who evaluated parietal atrophy twice in a 3-month interval to assess intra-rater agreement. All raters evaluated the same 50 parietal lobes on brain MRI of 25 cognitively normal individuals with even distribution across all atrophy degrees from none to prominent according to the neurologist’s rating. Results Intra-rater agreement was almost perfect with the kappa value of 0.90. Inter-rater agreement was moderate to substantial with kappa values ranging from 0.43-0.86. Conclusion The Parietal Atrophy Score is the reliable visual scale among raters of different professions for a quick evaluation of parietal lobes on brain MRI within 1-2 minutes. We believe it could be used as an adjunct measure in differential diagnosis of dementias, especially early-onset AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Silhan
- Department of Neurology, Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Bartos
- Department of Neurology, Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Mrzilkova
- Department of Anatomy, Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Pashkovska
- Department of Neurology, Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ibrahim Ibrahim
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Tintera
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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19
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Saikumar J, Byrns CN, Hemphill M, Meaney DF, Bonini NM. Dynamic neural and glial responses of a head-specific model for traumatic brain injury in Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:17269-17277. [PMID: 32611818 PMCID: PMC7382229 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003909117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the strongest environmental risk factor for the accelerated development of neurodegenerative diseases. There are currently no therapeutics to address this due to lack of insight into mechanisms of injury progression, which are challenging to study in mammalian models. Here, we have developed and extensively characterized a head-specific approach to TBI in Drosophila, a powerful genetic system that shares many conserved genes and pathways with humans. The Drosophila TBI (dTBI) device inflicts mild, moderate, or severe brain trauma by precise compression of the head using a piezoelectric actuator. Head-injured animals display features characteristic of mammalian TBI, including severity-dependent ataxia, life span reduction, and brain degeneration. Severe dTBI is associated with cognitive decline and transient glial dysfunction, and stimulates antioxidant, proteasome, and chaperone activity. Moreover, genetic or environmental augmentation of the stress response protects from severe dTBI-induced brain degeneration and life span deficits. Together, these findings present a tunable, head-specific approach for TBI in Drosophila that recapitulates mammalian injury phenotypes and underscores the ability of the stress response to mitigate TBI-induced brain degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Saikumar
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - China N Byrns
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Matthew Hemphill
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - David F Meaney
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Nancy M Bonini
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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20
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Iverson GL, Luoto TM, Karhunen PJ, Castellani RJ. Mild Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Neuropathology in People With No Known Participation in Contact Sports or History of Repetitive Neurotrauma. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 78:615-625. [PMID: 31169877 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been asserted that chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) pathology is only present in former athletes and others who have been exposed to repetitive concussions, subconcussive blows, or both. We hypothesized that CTE pathology would be present in men who had no known history of repetitive neurotrauma. Comprehensive medical record reviews and health surveys completed by a family member were available for the 8 men in this case series, none of whom had known exposure to repetitive neurotrauma but 2 of whom had a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Postmortem tissue was immunostained for hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) to assess for CTE pathology, Braak stage, and aging-related p-tau. The neuropathologist was blind to age, personal history, and clinical history. Six of the 8 cases (75%) showed p-tau in neurons, astrocytes, and cell processes around small blood vessels in an irregular pattern at the depths of the cortical sulci. The changes were focal and limited in terms of overall extent, and some of the cases had a clearer pattern of pathology and some could be considered equivocal. Two of the 8 cases had a history of TBI and one of them showed CTE pathology. Five of the 6 cases with no known history of neurotrauma appeared to meet consensus criteria for CTE. This study adds to the emerging literature indicating that CTE pathology is present in people not known to have experienced multiple concussions or subconcussive blows to the head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant L Iverson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School.,Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Spaulding Research Institute.,MassGeneral Hospital for Children™ Sports Concussion Program.,Home Base, A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Teemu M Luoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pekka J Karhunen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere.,Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Rudolph J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Laboratory Medicine.,Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute.,West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
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21
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Iverson GL, Gardner AJ, Shultz SR, Solomon GS, McCrory P, Zafonte R, Perry G, Hazrati LN, Keene CD, Castellani RJ. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy neuropathology might not be inexorably progressive or unique to repetitive neurotrauma. Brain 2020; 142:3672-3693. [PMID: 31670780 PMCID: PMC6906593 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 20th century, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) was conceptualized as a neurological disorder affecting some active and retired boxers who had tremendous exposure to neurotrauma. In recent years, the two research groups in the USA who have led the field have asserted definitively that CTE is a delayed-onset and progressive neurodegenerative disease, with symptoms appearing in midlife or decades after exposure. Between 2005 and 2012 autopsy cases of former boxers and American football players described neuropathology attributed to CTE that was broad and diverse. This pathology, resulting from multiple causes, was aggregated and referred to, in toto, as the pathology ‘characteristic’ of CTE. Preliminary consensus criteria for defining the neuropathology of CTE were forged in 2015 and published in 2016. Most of the macroscopic and microscopic neuropathological findings described as characteristic of CTE, in studies published before 2016, were not included in the new criteria for defining the pathology. In the past few years, there has been steadily emerging evidence that the neuropathology described as unique to CTE may not be unique. CTE pathology has been described in individuals with no known participation in collision or contact sports and no known exposure to repetitive neurotrauma. This pathology has been reported in individuals with substance abuse, temporal lobe epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple system atrophy, and other neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, throughout history, some clinical cases have been described as not being progressive, and there is now evidence that CTE neuropathology might not be progressive in some individuals. Considering the current state of knowledge, including the absence of a series of validated sensitive and specific biomarkers, CTE pathology might not be inexorably progressive or specific to those who have experienced repetitive neurotrauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant L Iverson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,MassGeneral Hospital for Children™ Sports Concussion Program, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Home Base, A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew J Gardner
- Hunter New England Local Health District, Sports Concussion Program, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gary S Solomon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Sports Concussion Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Paul McCrory
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre - Austin Campus, Heidelberg, Victoria Australia
| | - Ross Zafonte
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Home Base, A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George Perry
- College of Sciences, University of Texas, San Antonio; San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Lili-Naz Hazrati
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rudolph J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Laboratory Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, USA
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22
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Mondello S, Guedes VA, Lai C, Czeiter E, Amrein K, Kobeissy F, Mechref Y, Jeromin A, Mithani S, Martin C, Wagner CL, Czigler A, Tóth L, Fazekas B, Buki A, Gill J. Circulating Brain Injury Exosomal Proteins following Moderate-To-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Temporal Profile, Outcome Prediction and Therapy Implications. Cells 2020; 9:E977. [PMID: 32326450 PMCID: PMC7227241 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain injury exosomal proteins are promising blood biomarker candidates in traumatic brain injury (TBI). A better understanding of their role in the diagnosis, characterization, and management of TBI is essential for upcoming clinical implementation. In the current investigation, we aimed to explore longitudinal trajectories of brain injury exosomal proteins in blood of patients with moderate-to-severe TBI, and to evaluate the relation with the free-circulating counterpart and patient imaging and clinical parameters. Exosomal levels of glial (glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)) and neuronal/axonal (ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), neurofilament light chain (NFL), and total-tau (t-tau)) proteins were measured in serum of 21 patients for up 5 days after injury using single molecule array (Simoa) technology. Group-based trajectory analysis was used to generate distinct temporal exosomal biomarker profiles. We found altered profiles of serum brain injury exosomal proteins following injury. The dynamics and levels of exosomal and related free-circulating markers, although correlated, showed differences. Patients with diffuse injury displayed higher acute exosomal NFL and GFAP concentrations in serum than those with focal lesions. Exosomal UCH-L1 profile characterized by acutely elevated values and a secondary steep rise was associated with early mortality (n = 2) with a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. Serum brain injury exosomal proteins yielded important diagnostic and prognostic information and represent a novel means to unveil underlying pathophysiology in patients with moderate-to-severe TBI. Our findings support their utility as potential tools to improve patient phenotyping in clinical practice and therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Vivian A. Guedes
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA (J.G.)
| | - Chen Lai
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA (J.G.)
| | - Endre Czeiter
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pecs, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre; University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, H-7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Amrein
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pecs, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre; University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, H-7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32606, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | | | - Sara Mithani
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA (J.G.)
| | - Carina Martin
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA (J.G.)
| | - Chelsea L. Wagner
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA (J.G.)
| | - András Czigler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pecs, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre; University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, H-7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Luca Tóth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pecs, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre; University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, H-7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bálint Fazekas
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pecs, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre; University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, H-7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Andras Buki
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA (J.G.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pecs, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre; University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Jessica Gill
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA (J.G.)
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23
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Mohamed AZ, Corrigan F, Collins-Praino LE, Plummer SL, Soni N, Nasrallah FA. Evaluating spatiotemporal microstructural alterations following diffuse traumatic brain injury. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 25:102136. [PMID: 31865019 PMCID: PMC6931220 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.102136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse traumatic brain injury (TBI) is known to lead to microstructural changes within both white and grey matter detected in vivo with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Numerous studies have shown alterations in fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) within prominent white matter tracts, but few have linked these to changes within the grey matter with confirmation via histological assessment. This is especially important as alterations in the grey matter may be predictive of long-term functional deficits. METHODS A total of 33 male Sprague Dawley rats underwent severe closed-head TBI. Eight animals underwent tensor-based morphometry (TBM) and DTI at baseline (pre-TBI), 24 hours (24 h), 7, 14, and 30 days post-TBI. Immunohistochemical analysis for the detection of ionised calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA1) to assess microglia number and percentage of activated cells, β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) as a marker of axonal injury, and myelin basic protein (MBP) to investigate myelination was performed at each time-point. RESULTS DTI showed significant alterations in FA and RD in numerous white matter tracts including the corpus callosum, internal and external capsule, and optic tract and in the grey-matter in the cortex, thalamus, and hippocampus, with the most significant effects observed at 14 D post-TBI. TBM confirmed volumetric changes within the hippocampus and thalamus. Changes in DTI were in line with significant axonal injury noted at 24 h post-injury via immunohistochemical analysis of APP, with widespread microglial activation seen within prominent white matter tracts and the grey matter, which persisted to 30 D within the hippocampus and thalamus. Microstructural alterations in MBP+ve fibres were also noted within the hippocampus and thalamus, as well as the cortex. CONCLUSION This study confirms the widespread effects of diffuse TBI on white matter tracts which could be detected via DTI and extends these findings to key grey matter regions, with a comprehensive investigation of the whole brain. In particular, the hippocampus and thalamus appear to be vulnerable to ongoing pathology post-TBI, with DTI able to detect these alterations supporting the clinical utility in evaluating these regions post-TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla Z Mohamed
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Building 79, Upland Road, Saint Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Frances Corrigan
- Head Injury Laboratory, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Lyndsey E Collins-Praino
- Cognition, Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease Laboratory (CANDL), Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Stephanie L Plummer
- Translational Neuropathology Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Neha Soni
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Building 79, Upland Road, Saint Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Fatima A Nasrallah
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Building 79, Upland Road, Saint Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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24
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Harnod D, Yen YS, Lin CL, Harnod T, Kao CH. Posttraumatic parkinsonism would increase the mortality risk in elderly patients with traumatic brain injury. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:734. [PMID: 32042750 PMCID: PMC6990037 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.12.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We used data from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan to determine whether patients who develop posttraumatic parkinsonism (PTP) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) have an increased mortality risk. METHODS We analyzed data from the NHIRD of patients aged ≥20 years who had received a diagnosis of and admitted for head injury with TBI (ICD-9-CM 850-854, 959.01) from 2000 to 2012. The TBI cohort was further divided into PTP and posttraumatic non-parkinsonism (PTN) cohorts and compared against a sex-, age-, comorbidity-, and index-date-matched comparison cohort. We calculated the adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of all-cause mortality risk in these cohorts after adjustment for age, sex, and comorbidities. RESULTS There were 23,504 and 744 patients enrolled in the PTN cohort and the PTP cohort. Subsequent parkinsonism happened with an incidence of 3.07% in patients with TBI, and 11.59% in those aged over 65 years. The PTP cohort (aHR =1.67, 95% CI: 1.47-1.90) other than PTN (aHR =1.37, 95% CI: 1.29-1.45) cohort had a higher risk of mortality. In ones aged 65-74 years (aHR =2.08, 95% CI: 1.41-3.07), there was a more increased mortality risk in patients with PTP when compared to the PTN cohort. CONCLUSIONS PTP would increase the long-term mortality risk of patients with TBI, especially in whom aged 65-74 years. Our findings provide vital information for clinicians and the government to improve the long-term prognosis of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorji Harnod
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City
| | - Yu-Shu Yen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
| | - Tomor Harnod
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien
- College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien
| | - Chia-Hung Kao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, and Center of Augmented Intelligence in Healthcare, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung
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25
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Edwards G, Zhao J, Dash PK, Soto C, Moreno-Gonzalez I. Traumatic Brain Injury Induces Tau Aggregation and Spreading. J Neurotrauma 2019; 37:80-92. [PMID: 31317824 PMCID: PMC6921297 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The misfolding and aggregation of tau protein into neurofibrillary tangles is the main underlying hallmark of tauopathies. Most tauopathies have a sporadic origin and can be associated with multiple risk factors. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been suggested as a risk factor for tauopathies by triggering disease onset and facilitating its progression. Several studies indicate that TBI seems to be a risk factor to development of Alzheimer disease and chronic traumatic encephalopathy, because there is a relationship of TBI severity and propensity to development of these illnesses. In this study, we evaluated whether moderate to severe TBI can trigger the initial formation of pathological tau that would induce the development of the pathology throughout the brain. To this end, we subjected tau transgenic mice to TBI and assessed tau phosphorylation and aggregation pattern to create a spatial heat map of tau deposition and spreading in the brain. Our results suggest that brain injured tau transgenic mice have an accelerated tau pathology in different brain regions that increases over time compared with sham mice. The appearance of pathological tau occurs in regions distant to the injury area that are connected synaptically, suggesting dissemination of tau aggregates. Overall, this work posits TBI as a risk factor for tauopathies through the induction of tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Edwards
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Pramod K Dash
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Claudio Soto
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.,Department of Cell Biology, Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Facultad Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
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26
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Williams SM, Peltz C, Yaffe K, Schulz P, Sierks MR. CNS disease-related protein variants as blood-based biomarkers in traumatic brain injury. Neurology 2019; 91:702-709. [PMID: 30297502 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000006322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To utilize a panel of 11 single chain variable fragments (scFvs) that selectively bind disease-related variants of TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP)-43, β-amyloid, tau, and α-synuclein to assess damage following traumatic brain injury (TBI), and determine if the presence of protein variants could account for the increased risk of various neurodegenerative diseases following TBI. METHODS We utilized the panel of 11 scFvs in a sensitive ELISA format to analyze sera from 43 older veterans, 25 who had experienced at least 1 TBI incident during their lifetime (∼29.4 years after TBI), and 18 controls who did not incur TBI, in a cross-sectional study. RESULTS Each of the 11 scFvs individually could significantly distinguish between TBI and control samples, though they did not detect each TBI sample. Comparing the levels of all 11 variants, all 25 TBI cases displayed higher reactivity compared to the controls and receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed 100% sensitivity and specificity. Higher total protein variants levels correlated with TBI severity and with loss of consciousness. Oligomeric tau levels distinguished between single and multiple TBI incidents. While all TBI cases were readily selected with the panel, the binding pattern varied from patient to patient, suggesting subgroups that are at increased risk for different neurodegenerative diseases. CONCLUSION The panel of protein variants-specific scFvs can be used to identify blood-based biomarkers indicative of TBI even 20 years or more after the initial TBI. Being able to identify subgroups of biomarker profiles allows for the possibility of individually targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Williams
- From the School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy (S.M.W., P.S., M.R.S.), Arizona State University, Tempe; Northern California Institute for Research and Education (C.P.); San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.P., K.Y.); and Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Carrie Peltz
- From the School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy (S.M.W., P.S., M.R.S.), Arizona State University, Tempe; Northern California Institute for Research and Education (C.P.); San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.P., K.Y.); and Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- From the School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy (S.M.W., P.S., M.R.S.), Arizona State University, Tempe; Northern California Institute for Research and Education (C.P.); San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.P., K.Y.); and Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Philip Schulz
- From the School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy (S.M.W., P.S., M.R.S.), Arizona State University, Tempe; Northern California Institute for Research and Education (C.P.); San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.P., K.Y.); and Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Michael R Sierks
- From the School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy (S.M.W., P.S., M.R.S.), Arizona State University, Tempe; Northern California Institute for Research and Education (C.P.); San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center (C.P., K.Y.); and Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y.), University of California, San Francisco.
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27
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Robinson AC, Davidson YS, Horan MA, Cairns M, Pendleton N, Mann DM. No association between head injury with loss of consciousness and Alzheimer disease pathology-Findings from the University of Manchester Longitudinal Study of Cognition in Normal Healthy Old Age. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2019; 34:1262-1266. [PMID: 31034674 PMCID: PMC6767119 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Head injury with loss of consciousness (HI-LOC) is a common occurrence. Some studies have linked such injuries with an increased risk of Alzheimer disease (AD). However, recent large clinicopathologic studies have failed to find a clear relationship between HI-LOC and the pathological changes associated with AD. The present study aims to further investigate the relationship between HI-LOC and AD pathology in the elderly. METHODS/DESIGN History of HI-LOC in participants in the University of Manchester Longitudinal Study of Cognition in Normal Healthy Old Age was ascertained. The donated brains of 110 of these individuals were assessed for AD pathology using consensus guidelines. Analyses aimed to elucidate relationships between HI-LOC and AD pathology. RESULTS No associations were found between incidence of HI-LOC and regional AD pathology or any of the three established measures of the neuropathology associated with AD: CERAD score, Thal phase, or Braak stage. CONCLUSIONS Single incidences of HI-LOC may not be sufficient to cause the pathology associated with late-stage AD. Other routes of damage, such as diffuse axonal injury or Lewy body pathology, may play a greater role in causing cognitive impairment associated with head injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Robinson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental PsychologyUniversity of Manchester, Salford Royal HospitalSalfordUK
| | - Yvonne S. Davidson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental PsychologyUniversity of Manchester, Salford Royal HospitalSalfordUK
| | - Michael A. Horan
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental PsychologyUniversity of Manchester, Salford Royal HospitalSalfordUK
| | - Maggie Cairns
- Department of Geriatric medicine, Bolton NHS Foundation TrustRoyal Bolton HospitalBoltonUK
| | - Neil Pendleton
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental PsychologyUniversity of Manchester, Salford Royal HospitalSalfordUK
| | - David M.A. Mann
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental PsychologyUniversity of Manchester, Salford Royal HospitalSalfordUK
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28
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Hallett PJ, Engelender S, Isacson O. Lipid and immune abnormalities causing age-dependent neurodegeneration and Parkinson's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:153. [PMID: 31331333 PMCID: PMC6647317 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1532-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes pathogenic concepts and factors, in particular glycolipid abnormalities, that create cell dysfunction and synaptic loss in neurodegenerative diseases. By phenocopying lysosomal storage disorders, such as Gaucher disease and related disorders, age- and dose-dependent changes in glycolipid cell metabolism can lead to Parkinson's disease and related dementias. Recent results show that perturbation of sphingolipid metabolism can precede or is a part of abnormal protein handling in both genetic and idiopathic Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia. In aging and genetic predisposition with lipid disturbance, α-synuclein's normal vesicular and synaptic role may be detrimentally shifted toward accommodating and binding such lipids. Specific neuronal glycolipid, protein, and vesicular interactions create potential pathophysiology that is amplified by astroglial and microglial immune mechanisms resulting in neurodegeneration. This perspective provides a new logic for therapeutic interventions that do not focus on protein aggregation, but rather provides a guide to the complex biology and the common sequence of events that lead to age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope J Hallett
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Simone Engelender
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Present Address: Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 31096, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ole Isacson
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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29
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Wu DM, Zheng ZH, Fan SH, Zhang ZF, Chen GQ, Lu J. Sulforaphane administration alleviates diffuse axonal injury (DAI) via regulation signaling pathway of NRF2 and HO-1. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:430-442. [PMID: 31232487 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) can alleviate diffuse axonal injury (DAI)-induced apoptosis by regulating expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), while sulforaphane (SFN) was shown to reduce oxidative stress by increasing the expression of Nrf2. Therefore, we aimed to investigate therapeutic effect of SFN in the treatment of DAI and the ability of SFN to reduce oxidative stress. METHODS The 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to observe the effects of H2 O 2 and SFN on cell viability. Fluorometric assay, Western blot analysis, and flow cytometry were conducted to validate the protective role of SFN in an animal model of DAI. In addition, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured in DAI rats treated by SFN, while Western blot, immunohistochemistry assay, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay were carried out to verify the effect of SFN in different animal groups. RESULTS Cell viability was reduced by H2 O 2 in a dose-dependent manner, while the treatment by SFN significantly promoted cell growth. Meanwhile the administration of SFN effectively reduced the levels of caspase-3/poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity increased by the H 2 O 2 treatment, indicating that the protective effect of SFN could be mediated by its ability to suppress caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage. In addition, the SFN treatment reduced the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation induced by H 2 O 2 . Moreover, the MDA levels of SOD/GPx activity in various rat groups showed the protective effects of SFN in DAI rats. It is suspected that the protective effect of SFN was exerted via the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. In this study, DAI and DAI + phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) groups also showed the presence of more TUNEL-positive cells compared with the sham-operated group, while the SFN treatment reduced the extent of neuronal apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS By activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and reducing the activity of caspase-3, SFN reduces the apoptosis of neurons in brain trauma-induced DAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Mei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China.,College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zi-Hui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shao-Hua Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China.,College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China.,College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Gui-Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China.,College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
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30
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Risling M, Smith D, Stein TD, Thelin EP, Zanier ER, Ankarcrona M, Nilsson P. Modelling human pathology of traumatic brain injury in animal models. J Intern Med 2019; 285:594-607. [PMID: 30963638 PMCID: PMC9351987 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is caused by a head impact with a force exceeding regular exposure from normal body movement which the brain normally can accommodate. People affected include, but are not restricted to, sport athletes in American football, ice hockey, boxing as well as military personnel. Both single and repetitive exposures may affect the brain acutely and can lead to chronic neurodegenerative changes including chronic traumatic encephalopathy associated with the development of dementia. The changes in the brain following TBI include neuroinflammation, white matter lesions, and axonal damage as well as hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of tau protein. Even though the human brain gross anatomy is different from rodents implicating different energy transfer upon impact, especially rotational forces, animal models of TBI are important tools to investigate the changes that occur upon TBI at molecular and cellular levels. Importantly, such models may help to increase the knowledge of how the pathologies develop, including the spreading of tau pathologies, and how to diagnose the severity of the TBI in the clinic. In addition, animal models are helpful in the development of novel biomarkers and can also be used to test potential disease-modifying compounds in a preclinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Risling
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - D Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - T D Stein
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E P Thelin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - E R Zanier
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute, IRCCS Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - M Ankarcrona
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - P Nilsson
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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Curcumin mitigates axonal injury and neuronal cell apoptosis through the PERK/Nrf2 signaling pathway following diffuse axonal injury. Neuroreport 2019; 29:661-677. [PMID: 29570500 PMCID: PMC5959262 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) accounts for more than 50% of all traumatic brain injury. In response to the mechanical damage associated with DAI, the abnormal proteins produced in the neurons and axons, namely, β-APP and p-tau, induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Curcumin, a major component extracted from the rhizome of Curcuma longa, has shown potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-infection, and antitumor activity in previous studies. Moreover, curcumin is an activator of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and promotes its nuclear translocation. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of curcumin for the treatment of DAI and investigated the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of curcumin against neural cell death and axonal injury after DAI. Rats subjected to a model of DAI by head rotational acceleration were treated with vehicle or curcumin to evaluate the effect of curcumin on neuronal and axonal injury. We observed that curcumin (20 mg/kg intraperitoneal) administered 1 h after DAI induction alleviated the aggregation of p-tau and β-APP in neurons, reduced ER-stress-related cell apoptosis, and ameliorated neurological deficits. Further investigation showed that the protective effect of curcumin in DAI was mediated by the PERK/Nrf2 pathway. Curcumin promoted PERK phosphorylation, and then Nrf2 dissociated from Keap1 and was translocated to the nucleus, which activated ATF4, an important bZIP transcription factor that maintains intracellular homeostasis, but inhibited the CHOP, a hallmark of ER stress and ER-associated programmed cell death. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time that curcumin confers protection against abnormal proteins and neuronal apoptosis after DAI, that the process is mediated by strengthening of the unfolded protein response to overcome ER stress, and that the protective effect of curcumin against DAI is dependent on the activation of Nrf2.
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Al-Dahhak R, Khoury R, Qazi E, Grossberg GT. Traumatic Brain Injury, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy, and Alzheimer Disease. Clin Geriatr Med 2018; 34:617-635. [PMID: 30336991 DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health and economic burden. With increasing aging population, this issue is expected to continue to rise. Neurodegenerative disorders are more common with aging population in general regardless of history of TBI. Recent evidence continues to support a relation between a TBI and neurocognitive decline later in life (such as in athletes and military). This article summarizes the pathologic and clinical effects of TBI (regardless of severity) on the later development of dementia in individuals 65 years or older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roula Al-Dahhak
- Department of Neurology, Saint Louis University, 1438 South Grand Boulevard, Suite 105, St Louis, MO 63104, USA.
| | - Rita Khoury
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, 1438 South Grand Boulevard, St Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Erum Qazi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, 1438 South Grand Boulevard, St Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - George T Grossberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, 1438 South Grand Boulevard, St Louis, MO 63104, USA
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Thau-Zuchman O, Gomes RN, Dyall SC, Davies M, Priestley JV, Groenendijk M, De Wilde MC, Tremoleda JL, Michael-Titus AT. Brain Phospholipid Precursors Administered Post-Injury Reduce Tissue Damage and Improve Neurological Outcome in Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2018; 36:25-42. [PMID: 29768974 PMCID: PMC6306688 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to cellular loss, destabilization of membranes, disruption of synapses and altered brain connectivity, and increased risk of neurodegenerative disease. A significant and long-lasting decrease in phospholipids (PLs), essential membrane constituents, has recently been reported in plasma and brain tissue, in human and experimental TBI. We hypothesized that supporting PL synthesis post-injury could improve outcome post-TBI. We tested this hypothesis using a multi-nutrient combination designed to support the biosynthesis of PLs and available for clinical use. The multi-nutrient, Fortasyn® Connect (FC), contains polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, choline, uridine, vitamins, cofactors required for PL biosynthesis, and has been shown to have significant beneficial effects in early Alzheimer's disease. Male C57BL/6 mice received a controlled cortical impact injury and then were fed a control diet or a diet enriched with FC for 70 days. FC led to a significantly improved sensorimotor outcome and cognition, reduced lesion size and oligodendrocyte loss, and it restored myelin. It reversed the loss of the synaptic protein synaptophysin and decreased levels of the axon growth inhibitor, Nogo-A, thus creating a permissive environment. It decreased microglia activation and the rise in ß-amyloid precursor protein and restored the depressed neurogenesis. The effects of this medical multi-nutrient suggest that support of PL biosynthesis post-TBI, a new treatment paradigm, has significant therapeutic potential in this neurological condition for which there is no satisfactory treatment. The multi-nutrient tested has been used in dementia patients and is safe and well tolerated, which would enable rapid clinical exploration in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orli Thau-Zuchman
- 1 Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rita N Gomes
- 1 Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon C Dyall
- 3 Bournemouth University, Royal London House, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - Meirion Davies
- 1 Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John V Priestley
- 1 Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martine Groenendijk
- 2 Nutricia Research-Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn C De Wilde
- 2 Nutricia Research-Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jordi L Tremoleda
- 1 Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- 1 Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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34
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Kenney K, Iacono D, Edlow BL, Katz DI, Diaz-Arrastia R, Dams-O'Connor K, Daneshvar DH, Stevens A, Moreau AL, Tirrell LS, Varjabedian A, Yendiki A, van der Kouwe A, Mareyam A, McNab JA, Gordon WA, Fischl B, McKee AC, Perl DP. Dementia After Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Coexistence of Multiple Proteinopathies. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2018; 77:50-63. [PMID: 29155947 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlx101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the clinical, neuroimaging, and neuropathologic characteristics of 2 patients who developed early onset dementia after a moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Neuropathological evaluation revealed abundant β-amyloid neuritic and cored plaques, diffuse β-amyloid plaques, and frequent hyperphosphorylated-tau neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) involving much of the cortex, including insula and mammillary bodies in both cases. Case 1 additionally showed NFTs in both the superficial and deep cortical layers, occasional perivascular and depth-of-sulci NFTs, and parietal white matter rarefaction, which corresponded with decreased parietal fiber tracts observed on ex vivo MRI. Case 2 additionally showed NFT predominance in the superficial layers of the cortex, hypothalamus and brainstem, diffuse Lewy bodies in the cortex, amygdala and brainstem, and intraneuronal TDP-43 inclusions. The neuropathologic diagnoses were atypical Alzheimer disease (AD) with features of chronic traumatic encephalopathy and white matter loss (Case 1), and atypical AD, dementia with Lewy bodies and coexistent TDP-43 pathology (Case 2). These findings support an epidemiological association between TBI and dementia and further characterize the variety of misfolded proteins that may accumulate after TBI. Analyses with comprehensive clinical, imaging, genetic, and neuropathological data are required to characterize the full clinicopathological spectrum associated with dementias occurring after moderate-severe TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimbra Kenney
- Department of Neurology; Department of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Research (HJF); Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology; Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;Department of Rehabilitation Medicine; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Radiological Sciences Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Diego Iacono
- Department of Neurology; Department of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Research (HJF); Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology; Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;Department of Rehabilitation Medicine; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Radiological Sciences Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian L Edlow
- Department of Neurology; Department of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Research (HJF); Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology; Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;Department of Rehabilitation Medicine; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Radiological Sciences Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas I Katz
- Department of Neurology; Department of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Research (HJF); Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology; Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;Department of Rehabilitation Medicine; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Radiological Sciences Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ramon Diaz-Arrastia
- Department of Neurology; Department of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Research (HJF); Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology; Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;Department of Rehabilitation Medicine; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Radiological Sciences Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kristen Dams-O'Connor
- Department of Neurology; Department of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Research (HJF); Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology; Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;Department of Rehabilitation Medicine; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Radiological Sciences Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel H Daneshvar
- Department of Neurology; Department of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Research (HJF); Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology; Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;Department of Rehabilitation Medicine; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Radiological Sciences Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Allison Stevens
- Department of Neurology; Department of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Research (HJF); Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology; Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;Department of Rehabilitation Medicine; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Radiological Sciences Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Allison L Moreau
- Department of Neurology; Department of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Research (HJF); Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology; Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;Department of Rehabilitation Medicine; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Radiological Sciences Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lee S Tirrell
- Department of Neurology; Department of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Research (HJF); Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology; Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;Department of Rehabilitation Medicine; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Radiological Sciences Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ani Varjabedian
- Department of Neurology; Department of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Research (HJF); Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology; Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;Department of Rehabilitation Medicine; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Radiological Sciences Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anastasia Yendiki
- Department of Neurology; Department of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Research (HJF); Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology; Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;Department of Rehabilitation Medicine; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Radiological Sciences Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andre van der Kouwe
- Department of Neurology; Department of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Research (HJF); Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology; Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;Department of Rehabilitation Medicine; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Radiological Sciences Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Azma Mareyam
- Department of Neurology; Department of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Research (HJF); Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology; Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;Department of Rehabilitation Medicine; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Radiological Sciences Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer A McNab
- Department of Neurology; Department of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Research (HJF); Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology; Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;Department of Rehabilitation Medicine; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Radiological Sciences Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wayne A Gordon
- Department of Neurology; Department of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Research (HJF); Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology; Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;Department of Rehabilitation Medicine; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Radiological Sciences Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Department of Neurology; Department of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Research (HJF); Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology; Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;Department of Rehabilitation Medicine; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Radiological Sciences Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ann C McKee
- Department of Neurology; Department of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Research (HJF); Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology; Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;Department of Rehabilitation Medicine; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Radiological Sciences Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel P Perl
- Department of Neurology; Department of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Research (HJF); Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology; Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;Department of Rehabilitation Medicine; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Radiological Sciences Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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35
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Diffuse Axonal Injury and Oxidative Stress: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122600. [PMID: 29207487 PMCID: PMC5751203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the world’s leading causes of morbidity and mortality among young individuals. TBI applies powerful rotational and translational forces to the brain parenchyma, which results in a traumatic diffuse axonal injury (DAI) responsible for brain swelling and neuronal death. Following TBI, axonal degeneration has been identified as a progressive process that starts with disrupted axonal transport causing axonal swelling, followed by secondary axonal disconnection and Wallerian degeneration. These modifications in the axonal cytoskeleton interrupt the axoplasmic transport mechanisms, causing the gradual gathering of transport products so as to generate axonal swellings and modifications in neuronal homeostasis. Oxidative stress with consequent impairment of endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms plays a significant role in the secondary events leading to neuronal death. Studies support the role of an altered axonal calcium homeostasis as a mechanism in the secondary damage of axon, and suggest that calcium channel blocker can alleviate the secondary damage, as well as other mechanisms implied in the secondary injury, and could be targeted as a candidate for therapeutic approaches. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated axonal degeneration is mainly caused by extracellular Ca2+. Increases in the defense mechanisms through the use of exogenous antioxidants may be neuroprotective, particularly if they are given within the neuroprotective time window. A promising potential therapeutic target for DAI is to directly address mitochondria-related injury or to modulate energetic axonal energy failure.
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Nakadate H, Kurtoglu E, Furukawa H, Oikawa S, Aomura S, Kakuta A, Matsui Y. Strain-Rate Dependency of Axonal Tolerance for Uniaxial Stretching. STAPP CAR CRASH JOURNAL 2017; 61:53-65. [PMID: 29394435 DOI: 10.4271/2017-22-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to clarify the relation between axonal deformation and the onset of axonal injury. Firstly, to examine the influence of strain rate on the threshold for axonal injury, cultured neurons were subjected to 12 types of stretching (strains were 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 and strain rates were 10, 30, 50, and 70 s-1). The formation of axonal swellings and bulbs increased significantly at strain rates of 50 and 30 s-1 with strains of 0.15 and 0.20, respectively, even though those formations did not depend on strain rates in cultures exposed to a strain of 0.10. Then, to examine the influence of the strain along an axon on axonal injury, swellings were measured at every axonal angle in the stretching direction. The axons that were parallel to stretching direction were injured the most. Finally, we proposed an experimental model that subjected an axon to more accurate strain. This model observed the process of axonal injury formation by detecting the same neuron before and after stretching. These results suggest that the strain-rate dependency of axonal tolerance is induced by a higher magnitude of loading strain and an experiment focusing on axonal strain is required for obtaining more detailed injury criteria for an axon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evrim Kurtoglu
- Graduate School of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University
| | | | - Shoko Oikawa
- Graduate School of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University
| | - Shigeru Aomura
- Graduate School of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University
| | - Akira Kakuta
- Advanced Course of Mechanical and Computer Systems Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tokyo College
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Gupta D, Singla R, Mazzeo AT, Schnieder EB, Tandon V, Kale SS, Mahapatra AK. Detection of metabolic pattern following decompressive craniectomy in severe traumatic brain injury: A microdialysis study. Brain Inj 2017; 31:1660-1666. [DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2017.1370553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Raghav Singla
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anna T Mazzeo
- Department of surgical sciences, Anesthesia and intensive care section, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Eric B. Schnieder
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Vivek Tandon
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S. S. Kale
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A. K. Mahapatra
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
There is a long history linking traumatic brain injury (TBI) with the development of dementia. Despite significant reservations, such as recall bias or concluding causality for TBI, a summary of recent research points to several conclusions on the TBI-dementia relationship. 1) Increasing severity of a single moderate-to-severe TBI increases the risk of subsequent Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia. 2) Repetitive, often subconcussive, mild TBIs increases the risk for chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a degenerative neuropathology. 3) TBI may be a risk factor for other neurodegenerative disorders that can be associated with dementia. 4) TBI appears to lower the age of onset of TBI-related neurocognitive syndromes, potentially adding "TBI cognitive-behavioral features". The literature further indicates several specific risk factors for TBI-associated dementia: 5) any blast or blunt physical force to the head as long as there is violent head displacement; 6) decreased cognitive and/or neuronal reserve and the related variable of older age at TBI; and 7) the presence of apolipoprotein E ɛ4 alleles, a genetic risk factor for AD. Finally, there are neuropathological features relating TBI with neurocognitive syndromes: 8) acute TBI results in amyloid pathology and other neurodegenerative proteinopathies; 9) CTE shares features with neurodegenerative dementias; and 10) TBI results in white matter tract and neural network disruptions. Although further research is needed, these ten findings suggest that dose-dependent effects of violent head displacement in vulnerable brains predispose to dementia; among several potential mechanisms is the propagation of abnormal proteins along damaged white matter networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario F Mendez
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Neurobehavior Unit, V.A. Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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39
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Cruz-Haces M, Tang J, Acosta G, Fernandez J, Shi R. Pathological correlations between traumatic brain injury and chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Transl Neurodegener 2017; 6:20. [PMID: 28702179 PMCID: PMC5504572 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-017-0088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is among the most common causes of death and disability in youth and young adults. In addition to the acute risk of morbidity with moderate to severe injuries, traumatic brain injury is associated with a number of chronic neurological and neuropsychiatric sequelae including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. However, despite the high incidence of traumatic brain injuries and the established clinical correlation with neurodegeneration, the causative factors linking these processes have not yet been fully elucidated. Apart from removal from activity, few, if any prophylactic treatments against post-traumatic brain injury neurodegeneration exist. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of traumatic brain injury and neurodegeneration in order to identify potential factors that initiate neurodegenerative processes. Oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and glutamatergic excitotoxicity have previously been implicated in both secondary brain injury and neurodegeneration. In particular, reactive oxygen species appear to be key in mediating molecular insult in neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity. As such, it is likely that post injury oxidative stress is a key mechanism which links traumatic brain injury to increased risk of neurodegeneration. Consequently, reactive oxygen species and their subsequent byproducts may serve as novel fluid markers for identification and monitoring of cellular damage. Furthermore, these reactive species may further serve as a suitable therapeutic target to reduce the risk of post-injury neurodegeneration and provide long term quality of life improvements for those suffering from traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Cruz-Haces
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Jonathan Tang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Glen Acosta
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Joseph Fernandez
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Riyi Shi
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
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40
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Roman AY, Kovrazhkina EA, Razinskaya OD, Kukharsky MS, Maltsev AV, Ovchinnikov RK, Lytkina OA, Smirnov AP, Moskovtsev AA, Borodina YV, Surguchov AP, Ustyugov AA, Ninkina NN, Skvortsova VI. Detection of autoantibodies to potentially amyloidogenic protein, gamma-synuclein, in the serum of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and cerebral circulatory disorders. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2017; 472:64-67. [PMID: 28421431 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672917010197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed serum for the presence of antibodies to gamma-synuclein in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) compared to the control group of patients with other neurological diseases and healthy control donors. As a result, antibodies against gamma-synuclein are not an ALS-specific feature and have been identified in patients with ALS as well as in the control group patients. Patients with the impaired cerebral circulation showed increased incidence of autoantibodies to gamma-synuclein, yet the difference lacks statistical representativeness due to limited sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yu Roman
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, 142432, Russia.,Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, France
| | - E A Kovrazhkina
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - O D Razinskaya
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - M S Kukharsky
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, 142432, Russia
| | - A V Maltsev
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, 142432, Russia.
| | - R K Ovchinnikov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, 142432, Russia
| | - O A Lytkina
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, 142432, Russia
| | - A P Smirnov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - A A Moskovtsev
- Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, 125315, Russia
| | - Yu V Borodina
- Research Center Hospital, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, Russia
| | | | - A A Ustyugov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, 142432, Russia
| | - N N Ninkina
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, 142432, Russia.,Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, 125315, Russia
| | - V I Skvortsova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 117997, Russia
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41
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Sarkis GA, Mangaonkar MD, Moghieb A, Lelling B, Guertin M, Yadikar H, Yang Z, Kobeissy F, Wang KKW. The Application of Proteomics to Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injuries. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2017; 17:23. [DOI: 10.1007/s11910-017-0736-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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42
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KURTOGLU E, NAKADATE H, KIKUTA K, AOMURA S, KAKUTA A. Uniaxial stretch-induced axonal injury thresholds for axonal dysfunction and disruption and strain rate effects on thresholds for mouse neuronal stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1299/jbse.16-00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evrim KURTOGLU
- Graduate School of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University
| | | | - Kazuhiro KIKUTA
- Graduate School of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University
| | - Shigeru AOMURA
- Graduate School of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University
| | - Akira KAKUTA
- Advanced Course of Mechanical and Computer Systems Engineering, Tokyo National College of Technology
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43
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Ramadan N, Ghazale H, El-Sayyad M, El-Haress M, Kobeissy FH. Neuroproteomics Studies: Challenges and Updates. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1598:3-19. [PMID: 28508355 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6952-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Human Genome Project in 2003 has resulted in the complete sequence of ~99% of the human genome paving the road for the Human Proteome Project (HPP) assessing the full characterization of the translated protein map of the 20,300 protein-coding genes. Consequently, the emerging of the proteomics field has successfully been adopted as the method of choice for the proteome characterization. Proteomics is a term that is used to encompass multidisciplinary approaches combining different technologies that aim to study the entire spectrum of protein changes at a specific physiological condition. Proteomics research has shown excellent outcomes in different fields, among which is neuroscience; however, the complexity of the nervous systems necessitated the genesis of a new subdiscipline of proteomics termed as "neuroproteomics." Neuroproteomics studies involve assessing the quantitative and qualitative aspects of nervous system components encompassing global dynamic events underlying various brain-related disorders ranging from neuropsychiatric disorders, degenerative disorders, mental illness, and most importantly brain-specific neurotrauma-related injuries. In this introductory chapter, we will provide a brief historical perspective on the field of neuroproteomics. In doing so, we will highlight on the recent applications of neuroproteomics in the areas of neurotrauma, an area that has benefitted from neuroproteomics in terms of biomarker research, spatiotemporal injury mechanism, and its use to translate its findings from experimental settings to human translational applications. Importantly, this chapter will include some recommendation to the general studies in the area of neuroproteomics and the need to move from this field from being a descriptive, hypothesis-free approach to being an independent mature scientific discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naify Ramadan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hussein Ghazale
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Mohamad El-Haress
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Firas H Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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44
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Tarai S, Bit A, dos Reis HJ, Palotás A, Rizvanov A, Bissoyi A. Stratifying Heterogeneous Dimension of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Intervention for Stipulating Epigenetic Factors to Combat Oxidative Stress in Human Brain. BIONANOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-016-0240-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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45
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Engelender S, Isacson O. The Threshold Theory for Parkinson's Disease. Trends Neurosci 2016; 40:4-14. [PMID: 27894611 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is recognized by the accumulation of α-synuclein within neurons. In contrast to the current ascending theory where α-synuclein would propagate from neuron to neuron, we now propose the threshold theory for PD based on evidence of parallel degeneration of both central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) in PD. The functional threshold is lower for the emergence of early symptoms before the classical motor symptoms of PD. This is due to the larger functional reserve of the midbrain dopamine and integrated basal ganglia motor systems to control movement. This threshold theory better accounts for the current neurobiology of PD symptom progression compared to the hypothesis that the disease ascends from the PNS to the CNS as proposed by Braak's hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Engelender
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel.
| | - Ole Isacson
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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46
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Abstract
Biomarkers are key tools and can provide crucial information on the complex cascade of events and molecular mechanisms underlying traumatic brain injury (TBI) pathophysiology. Obtaining a profile of distinct classes of biomarkers reflecting core pathologic mechanisms could enable us to identify and characterize the initial injury and the secondary pathologic cascades. Thus, they represent a logical adjunct to improve diagnosis, track progression and activity, guide molecularly targeted therapy, and monitor therapeutic response in TBI. Accordingly, great effort has been put into the identification of novel biomarkers in the past 25 years. However, the role of brain injury markers in clinical practice has been long debated, due to inconsistent regulatory standards and lack of reliable evidence of analytical validity and clinical utility. We present a comprehensive overview of the markers currently available while characterizing their potential role and applications in diagnosis, monitoring, drug discovery, and clinical trials in TBI. In reviewing these concepts, we discuss the recent inclusion of brain damage biomarkers in the diagnostic guidelines and provide perspectives on the validation of such markers for their use in the clinic.
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47
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Alpha-synuclein (SNCA) polymorphisms exert protective effects on memory after mild traumatic brain injury. Neurosci Lett 2016; 630:241-246. [PMID: 27478013 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Problems with attention and short-term learning and memory are commonly reported after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Due to the known relationships between α-synuclein (SNCA), dopaminergic transmission, and neurologic deficits, we hypothesized that SNCA polymorphisms might be associated with cognitive outcome after mTBI. A cohort of 91 mTBI patients one month after injury and 86 healthy controls completed a series of cognitive tests assessing baseline intellectual function, attentional function, and memory, and was genotyped at 13 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SNCA gene. Significant differences in two memory measures (p=0.001 and 0.002), but not baseline intellectual function or attentional function tasks, were found between the mTBI group and controls. A highly significant protective association between memory performance and SNCA promoter SNP rs1372525 was observed in the mTBI patients (p=0.006 and 0.029 for the long and short delay conditions of the California Verbal Learning Tests, respectively), where the presence of at least one copy of the A (minor) allele was protective after mTBI. These results may help elucidate the pathophysiology of cognitive alterations after mTBI, and thus warrant further investigation.
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48
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Hay J, Johnson VE, Smith DH, Stewart W. Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: The Neuropathological Legacy of Traumatic Brain Injury. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2016; 11:21-45. [PMID: 26772317 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012615-044116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Almost a century ago, the first clinical account of the punch-drunk syndrome emerged, describing chronic neurological and neuropsychiatric sequelae occurring in former boxers. Thereafter, throughout the twentieth century, further reports added to our understanding of the neuropathological consequences of a career in boxing, leading to descriptions of a distinct neurodegenerative pathology, termed dementia pugilistica. During the past decade, growing recognition of this pathology in autopsy studies of nonboxers who were exposed to repetitive, mild traumatic brain injury, or to a single, moderate or severe traumatic brain injury, has led to an awareness that it is exposure to traumatic brain injury that carries with it a risk of this neurodegenerative disease, not the sport or the circumstance in which the injury is sustained. Furthermore, the neuropathology of the neurodegeneration that occurs after traumatic brain injury, now termed chronic traumatic encephalopathy, is acknowledged as being a complex, mixed, but distinctive pathology, the detail of which is reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hay
- School of Medicine and.,Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria E Johnson
- Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair, and Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Douglas H Smith
- Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair, and Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - William Stewart
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; .,Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, United Kingdom
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49
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Kokiko-Cochran O, Ransohoff L, Veenstra M, Lee S, Saber M, Sikora M, Teknipp R, Xu G, Bemiller S, Wilson G, Crish S, Bhaskar K, Lee YS, Ransohoff RM, Lamb BT. Altered Neuroinflammation and Behavior after Traumatic Brain Injury in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Neurotrauma 2015; 33:625-40. [PMID: 26414955 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2015.3970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has acute and chronic sequelae, including an increased risk for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). TBI-associated neuroinflammation is characterized by activation of brain-resident microglia and infiltration of monocytes; however, recent studies have implicated beta-amyloid as a major manipulator of the inflammatory response. To examine neuroinflammation after TBI and development of AD-like features, these studies examined the effects of TBI in the presence and absence of beta-amyloid. The R1.40 mouse model of cerebral amyloidosis was used, with a focus on time points well before robust AD pathologies. Unexpectedly, in R1.40 mice, the acute neuroinflammatory response to TBI was strikingly muted, with reduced numbers of CNS myeloid cells acquiring a macrophage phenotype and decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines. At chronic time points, macrophage activation substantially declined in non-Tg TBI mice; however, it was relatively unchanged in R1.40 TBI mice. The persistent inflammatory response coincided with significant tissue loss between 3 and 120 days post-injury in R1.40 TBI mice, which was not observed in non-Tg TBI mice. Surprisingly, inflammatory cytokine expression was enhanced in R1.40 mice compared with non-Tg mice, regardless of injury group. Although R1.40 TBI mice demonstrated task-specific deficits in cognition, overall functional recovery was similar to non-Tg TBI mice. These findings suggest that accumulating beta-amyloid leads to an altered post-injury macrophage response at acute and chronic time points. Together, these studies emphasize the role of post-injury neuroinflammation in regulating long-term sequelae after TBI and also support recent studies implicating beta-amyloid as an immunomodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lena Ransohoff
- 1 Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mike Veenstra
- 1 Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sungho Lee
- 1 Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Maha Saber
- 1 Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Matt Sikora
- 1 Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ryan Teknipp
- 1 Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Guixiang Xu
- 1 Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shane Bemiller
- 1 Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Gina Wilson
- 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Northeast Ohio Medical University , Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Samuel Crish
- 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Northeast Ohio Medical University , Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Kiran Bhaskar
- 3 Department of Molecular Genetics Microbiology and Neurology, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque New Mexico
| | - Yu-Shang Lee
- 1 Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Bruce T Lamb
- 1 Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio.,5 Department of Genetics and Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
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50
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Adalbert R, Coleman MP. Review: Axon pathology in age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 39:90-108. [PMID: 23046254 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2012.01308.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
'Dying back' axon degeneration is a prominent feature of many age-related neurodegenerative disorders and is widespread in normal ageing. Although the mechanisms of disease- and age-related losses may differ, both contribute to symptoms. Here, we review recent advances in understanding axon pathology in age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and glaucoma. In particular, we highlight the importance of axonal transport, autophagy, traumatic brain injury and mitochondrial quality control. We then place these disease mechanisms in the context of changes to axons and dendrites that occur during normal ageing. We discuss what makes ageing such an important risk factor for many neurodegenerative disorders and conclude that the processes of normal ageing and disease combine at the molecular, cellular or systems levels in a range of disorders to produce symptoms. Pathology identical to disease also occurs at the cellular level in most elderly individuals. Thus, normal ageing and age-related disease are inextricably linked and the term 'healthy ageing' downplays the important contributions of cellular pathology. For a full understanding of normal ageing or age-related disease we must study both processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Adalbert
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge, UK
| | - M P Coleman
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge, UK
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