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Liu X, Long Y, Wang Y, Liu B, Ren J, Wang G, Wang M, Meng X, Liu Y. Varied clinical presentations of RP1L1 variants in Chinese patients: a study of occult macular dystrophy and vitelliform macular dystrophy. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:327. [PMID: 39107704 PMCID: PMC11302074 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03591-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occult Macular Dystrophy (OMD), primarily caused by retinitis pigmentosa 1-like 1 (RP1L1) variants, is a complex retinal disease characterised by progressive vision loss and a normal fundus appearance. This study aims to investigate the diverse phenotypic expressions and genotypic correlations of OMD in Chinese patients, including a rare case of Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy (VMD) associated with RP1L1. METHODS We analysed seven OMD patients and one VMD patient, all with heterozygous pathogenic RP1L1 variants. Clinical assessments included Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA), visual field testing, Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT), multifocal Electroretinograms (mfERGs), and microperimetry. Next-generation sequencing was utilised for genetic analysis. RESULTS The OMD patients displayed a range of phenotypic variability. Most (5 out of 7) had the RP1L1 variant c.133 C > T; p.R45W, associated with central vision loss and specific patterns in SD-OCT and mfERG. Two patients exhibited different RP1L1 variants (c.3599G > T; p.G1200V and c.2880G > C; p.W960C), presenting milder phenotypes. SD-OCT revealed photoreceptor layer changes, with most patients showing decreased mfERG responses in the central rings. Interestingly, a unique case of VMD linked to the RP1L1 variant was observed, distinct from traditional OMD presentations. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the phenotypic diversity within OMD and the broader spectrum of RP1L1-associated macular dystrophies, including a novel association with VMD. The findings emphasise the complexity of RP1L1 variants in determining clinical manifestations, underscoring the need for comprehensive genetic and clinical evaluations in macular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Southwest Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401239, China
| | - Yanling Long
- Department of Ophthalmology, Southwest Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401239, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Southwest Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Southwest Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jiayun Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Southwest Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Southwest Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Southwest Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaohong Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Southwest Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401239, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Southwest Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401239, China.
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Dimopoulos IS, Huryn LA, Hufnagel RB, Ullah E, Agather AR, Blain D, Brooks BP, Cukras CA, Zein WM. OUTER RETINAL MICROCAVITATIONS IN RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA : A Novel Optical Coherence Tomography Finding Common in RP1 -Related Retinopathy. Retina 2024; 44:1260-1267. [PMID: 38478753 PMCID: PMC11189741 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000004091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe a novel optical coherence tomography (OCT) finding of outer retina microcavitations in RP1 -related retinopathy and other retinal degenerations. METHODS Medical charts and OCT images of 28 patients with either autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa or autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa RP1 -related retinopathy were reviewed. Outer retina microcavitations were defined as hyporeflective OCT structures of at least 30 µ m in diameter between the ellipsoid zone and retinal pigment epithelium. Comparison was made based on the following metrics: (1) functional measures including best-corrected visual acuity and color discrimination errors on D-15 test; and (2) structural measures, including central subfield, average macular thickness, and preserved transfoveal ellipsoid zone width. Mann-Whitney tests were used for comparisons with significance set at P < 0.05. The specificity of microcavitations for RP1 -related retinopathy was estimated against 26 patients with non- RP1 retinitis pigmentosa. RESULTS Among 15 included patients, microcavitations were found in at least one eye of all patients with arRP and 7/12 (58%) of patients with adRP. Patients with adRP and microcavitations were older at the time of examination (51 vs. 43 years of age; P = 0.04) and their eyes demonstrated worse best-corrected visual acuity (0.09 vs. 0 logMAR; P = 0.008), reduced central subfield (256 vs. 293 µ m; P = 0.01), average macular thickness (241 vs. 270 µ m; P = 0.02), and shorter transfoveal ellipsoid zone widths (1.67 vs. 4.98 mm; P < 0.0001). The finding of microcavitations showed a specificity of 0.92 for RP1 -related retinopathy. CONCLUSION A novel OCT finding of outer retina microcavitations was commonly observed in patients with RP1 -related retinopathy. Eyes with outer retinal OCT microcavitations had worse visual function and more affected central retinal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis S Dimopoulos
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Laryssa A Huryn
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert B Hufnagel
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Medical Genetics and Ophthalmic Genomics Unit, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Ehsan Ullah
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Medical Genetics and Ophthalmic Genomics Unit, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Aime R Agather
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Delphine Blain
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Brian P Brooks
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Catherine A Cukras
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Unit on Clinical Investigation of Retinal Disease, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wadih M Zein
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Liu J, Hayden MR, Yang Y. Research progress of RP1L1 gene in disease. Gene 2024; 912:148367. [PMID: 38485037 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa 1-like 1 (RP1L1) is a component of photoreceptor cilia. Pathogenic variants in RP1L1 cause photoreceptor diseases, suggesting that RP1L1 plays an important role in photoreceptor biology, although its exact function is unknown. To date, RP1L1 variants have been associated with occult macular dystrophy (cone degeneration) and retinitis pigmentosa (rod degeneration). Here, we summarize the reported RP1L1-associated photoreceptor pathogenic mutations. The association between RP1L1 and other diseases (mainly several tumors) is also summarized and RP1L1 is included in a wider range of diseases. Finally, it is necessary to further explore the influence mechanism of RP1L1 gene on the health of photoreceptors and how it participates in the occurrence and development of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Departments of Internal Medicine, Columbia, RP, USA
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, PR China; University of Missouri School of Medicine, Departments of Internal Medicine, Columbia, RP, USA.
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D'Atri I, Martin ER, Yang L, Sears E, Baple E, Crosby AH, Chilton JK, Oguro-Ando A. Unraveling the CLCC1 interactome: Impact of the Asp25Glu variant and its interaction with SigmaR1 at the Mitochondrial-Associated ER Membrane (MAM). Neurosci Lett 2024; 830:137778. [PMID: 38621504 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays an indispensable role in cellular processes, including maintenance of calcium homeostasis, and protein folding, synthesized and processing. Disruptions in these processes leading to ER stress and the accumulation of misfolded proteins can instigate the unfolded protein response (UPR), culminating in either restoration of balanced proteostasis or apoptosis. A key player in this intricate balance is CLCC1, an ER-resident chloride channel, whose essential role extends to retinal development, regulation of ER stress, and UPR. The importance of CLCC1 is further underscored by its interaction with proteins localized to mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs), where it participates in UPR induction by MAM proteins. In previous research, we identified a p.(Asp25Glu) pathogenic CLCC1 variant associated with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) (CLCC1 hg38 NC_000001.11; NM_001048210.3, c.75C > A; UniprotKB Q96S66). In attempt to decipher the impact of this variant function, we leveraged liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to identify likely CLCC1-interacting proteins. We discovered that the CLCC1 interactome is substantially composed of proteins that localize to ER compartments and that the Asp25Glu variant results in noticeable loss and gain of specific protein interactors. Intriguingly, the analysis suggests that the CLCC1Asp25Glu mutant protein exhibits a propensity for increased interactions with cytoplasmic proteins compared to its wild-type counterpart. To corroborate our LC-MS data, we further scrutinized two novel CLCC1 interactors, Calnexin and SigmaR1, chaperone proteins that localize to the ER and MAMs. Through microscopy, we demonstrate that CLCC1 co-localizes with both proteins, thereby validating our initial findings. Moreover, our results reveal that CLCC1 co-localizes with SigmaR1 not merely at the ER, but also at MAMs. These findings reinforce the notion of CLCC1 interacting with MAM proteins at the ER-mitochondria interface, setting the stage for further exploration into how these interactions impact ER or mitochondria function and lead to retinal degenerative disease when impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria D'Atri
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom; University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Emily-Rose Martin
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Liming Yang
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Sears
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Baple
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew H Crosby
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - John K Chilton
- Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Asami Oguro-Ando
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Japan.
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Cao WC, Chen QS, Gan R, Huang T, Yan XH. New recessive compound heterozygous variants of RP1L1 in RP1L1 maculopathy. Int J Ophthalmol 2024; 17:107-112. [PMID: 38239955 PMCID: PMC10754650 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2024.01.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify a maculopathy patient caused by new recessive compound heterozygous variants in RP1L1. METHODS Comprehensive retinal morphological and functional examinations were evaluated for the patient with RP1L1 maculopathy. Targeted sequence capture array technique was used to screen potential pathologic variants. Polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing were used to confirm the screening results. RESULTS Fundus examination showed round macular lesions appeared in both eyes. Optical coherence tomography showed that the inner segment/outer segment continuity was disorganized and disruptive in the left eye, but it was uneven and slightly elevated in the right eye. Fundus autofluorescence showed patchy hyper-autofluorescence in the macula. Visual field examination indicates central defects in both eyes. Electroretinogram (ERG) and multifocal ERG showed no obvious abnormalities. Fundus fluorescein angiography in the macula showed obviously irregular hyper-fluorescence in the right eye and slightly hyper-fluorescence in the left eye. We found that the proband carried a missense variant (c.1972C>T) and a deletion variant (c.4717_4718del) of RP1L1, which were originated from the parents and formed compound heterozygous variants. Both variants are likely pathogenic according to the ACMG criteria. Multimodal imaging, ERG and detailed medical history are important diagnostic tools for differentiating between acquired and inherited retinal disorders. CONCLUSION A maculopathy case with detailed retinal phenotype and new recessive compound heterozygous variants of RP1L1 is identified in a Chinese family, which expands the understanding of phenotype and genotype in RP1L1 maculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chao Cao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qing-Shan Chen
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Run Gan
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-He Yan
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong Province, China
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Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Pathogenesis Underlying Inherited Retinal Dystrophies. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020271. [PMID: 36830640 PMCID: PMC9953031 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are congenital retinal degenerative diseases that have various inheritance patterns, including dominant, recessive, X-linked, and mitochondrial. These diseases are most often the result of defects in rod and/or cone photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium function, development, or both. The genes associated with these diseases, when mutated, produce altered protein products that have downstream effects in pathways critical to vision, including phototransduction, the visual cycle, photoreceptor development, cellular respiration, and retinal homeostasis. The aim of this manuscript is to provide a comprehensive review of the underlying molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis of IRDs by delving into many of the genes associated with IRD development, their protein products, and the pathways interrupted by genetic mutation.
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Microstructural changes of photoreceptor layers detected by ultrahigh-resolution SD-OCT in patients with autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2022; 28:101706. [PMID: 36187441 PMCID: PMC9523351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2022.101706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the changes in the microstructures of the photoreceptors in patients with autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy (ARB) by ultrahigh-resolution spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (UHR-SD-OCT). Methods Five eyes of 4 patients with ARB were studied. Cross-sectional images of the fovea were recorded by the UHR-SD-OCT system with a depth resolution of <2.0 μm. Results The UHR-SD-OCT images revealed changes in the outer retinal structures that were dependent on the severity of the photoreceptor atrophy. There was an increase in the reflectivity and appearance of small hyperreflective dots (HRDs) in the outer segments, followed by an irregularity and decrease in the length of the outer segments, then a disruption of the ellipsoid zone (EZ) band, and appearance of large HRDs corresponding to the segmented ellipsoids. Finally, there was a disappearance of the large HRDs followed by a localized thinning of the outer nuclear layer and appearance of hyperreflective foci above the region of the disrupted EZ. Conclusions UHR-SD-OCT can record images that show detailed changes of the microstructures of the photoreceptors at different stages of ARB. These observations should help in determining the mechanisms involved in retinal pathology and should provide important information on the effectiveness of treatments.
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Buckley TM, Cehajic-Kapetanovic J, Shanks M, Clouston P, MacLaren RE. Compound dominant-null heterozygosity in a family with RP1-related retinal dystrophy. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2022; 28:101698. [PMID: 36393903 PMCID: PMC9650022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2022.101698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report on the presence of autosomal dominant and compound dominant-null RP1-related retinitis pigmentosa in the same non-consanguineous family. Observation The father was minimally symptomatic and referred by his optometrist aged 38. He was diagnosed with rod-cone dystrophy, confirmed to be caused by the previously reported RP1 c.2613dupA mutation. He was reassured that his 11-year-old daughter had a 50% chance of inheriting the same mutation and that the condition, if she had it, would most likely be similar. Clinical phenotyping of his daughter however revealed an early onset cone-rod dystrophy. The mother was entirely asymptomatic and clinically normal. Sanger sequencing of the RP1 gene in the daughter confirmed the presence of biallelic mutations - the dominant c.2613dupA variant from her father and a c.3843dupT truncating variant inherited from her mother, both located in exon 4 of the RP1 gene. The maternal c.3843dupT has previously been reported. Conclusions and importance Pathogenic variants in exon 4 of RP1 are known to cause differential dominant and recessive disease. The presence of both phenotypes in a single family has not yet been reported. The father, being minimally symptomatic, is affected by a known dominant variant which truncates the RP1 protein more proximally. However, inheritance of both variants in a compound heterozygous state in the daughter resulted in a much more severe, early onset cone-rod phenotype in a pattern akin to recessive disease. This raises challenges for genetic counselling and development of gene-based therapies for RP1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M.W. Buckley
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, OX3 9DU, UK
| | | | - Morag Shanks
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Penny Clouston
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Robert E. MacLaren
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, OX3 9DU, UK
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Yanık Ö, Batıoğlu F, Sahin Y, Demirel S, Özmert E. Seroreactivity against retinal proteins in a case of POC1B gene associated cone dystrophy with normal funduscopic appearance: a systematic approach to diagnosis. Ophthalmic Genet 2022:1-7. [PMID: 36094084 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2022.2121842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a case of cone dystrophy, associated with autosomal recessive homozygote POC1B gene variant, mimicking autoimmune retinopathy. CASE A 45-year-old female presented with a complaint of decreased vision in both eyes. Her best corrected visual acuity was 20/32 in the right eye and 20/50 in the left eye. Anterior segment and dilated fundus examinations were unremarkable. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography showed a subfoveal blurred dome-shaped ellipsoid zone and an extinguished interdigitation zone affecting the entire macula. Full field electroretinography revealed reduced cone responses. The differential diagnosis included inflammatory chorioretinopathies, autoimmune retinopathies (paraneoplastic or nonparaneoplastic), and hereditary retinal dystrophies. No remarkable finding was observed on combined fluorescein and indocyanine green angiographies. Paraneoplastic autoimmune antibody panel revealed nothing; however, aldolase, enolase, pyruvate kinase M2, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase antibodies were positive on autoimmune retinopathy panel. To exclude hereditary retinal dystrophies, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was applied. WES identified an autosomal recessive homozygote POC1B gene variant (c.680A>G, p.His227Arg). Cone dystrophy diagnosis was given. CONCLUSION Cone dystrophy associated with POC1B gene variant may present without visible fundus abnormalities. It should be kept in mind that retinal autoantibodies may be positive in such a hereditary dystrophy case due to long-term exposure of the immune system to self-antigens. Therefore, autoimmune retinopathy is a diagnosis of exclusion and should not be diagnosed until all other causes, including hereditary dystrophies, have been ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Yanık
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Figen Batıoğlu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Sibel Demirel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emin Özmert
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Ran J, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Li H, Zhang L, Li Q, Qin J, Li D, Sun L, Xie S, Zhang X, Liu L, Liu M, Zhou J. Targeting the HDAC6-Cilium Axis Ameliorates the Pathological Changes Associated with Retinopathy of Prematurity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105365. [PMID: 35619548 PMCID: PMC9313505 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the leading causes of childhood visual impairment and blindness. However, there are still very few effective pharmacological interventions for ROP. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6)-mediated disassembly of photoreceptor cilia has recently been implicated as an early event in the pathogenesis of ROP. Herein it is shown that enhanced expression of HDAC6 by intravitreal injection of adenoviruses encoding HDAC6 induces the typical pathological changes associated with ROP in mice, including disruption of the membranous disks of photoreceptor outer segments and a decrease in electroretinographic amplitudes. Hdac6 transgenic mice exhibit similar ROP-related defects in retinal structures and functions and disassembly of photoreceptor cilia, whereas Hdac6 knockout mice are resistant to oxygen change-induced retinal defects. It is further shown that blocking HDAC6-mediated cilium disassembly by intravitreal injection of small-molecule compounds protect mice from ROP-associated retinal defects. The findings indicate that pharmacological targeting of the HDAC6-cilium axis may represent a promising strategy for the prevention of ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ran
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of ShandongCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of ShandongCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of ShandongCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Haixia Li
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of ShandongCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of ShandongCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Qingchao Li
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of ShandongCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Juan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Dengwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Lei Sun
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of ShandongCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Songbo Xie
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of ShandongCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and DiseasesEye Institute and School of OptometryTianjin Medical University Eye HospitalTianjin300384China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Min Liu
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of ShandongCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of ShandongCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
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Tsunoda K, Hanazono G. Detailed analyses of microstructure of photoreceptor layer at different severities of occult macular dystrophy by ultrahigh-resolution SD-OCT. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2022; 26:101490. [PMID: 35321252 PMCID: PMC8935511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2022.101490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To analyze the microstructures of the photoreceptor layer in detail in eyes with occult macular dystrophy (OMD, Miyake's disease) by ultrahigh-resolution spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (UHR-SD-OCT). Observations Twenty-eight normal subjects and 5 patients with OMD of different severities were studied. Cross-sectional images through the fovea were recorded with a UHR-SD-OCT system with a depth resolution of <2.0 μm. In patients with OMD, the UHR-SD-OCT images revealed abnormal photoreceptor microstructures which were not detected in the conventional SD-OCT images. The UHR-SD-OCT images showed that the interdigitation zone (IZ) was not present and the outer segments were hyperreflective with hyperreflective dots (HRDs) aligned like string of pearls during the earlier stages. There was a disruption of the ellipsoid zone (EZ) which appeared as clusters of larger HRDs, and these HRDs became less apparent with increasing time. The outer segments became hyporeflective and rod IZ became apparent with longer duration of the disease process. Conclusions and Importance The UHR-SD-OCT images show detailed characteristics of the photoreceptor microstructures of different severities during the progression of OMD. These detailed observations will help in understanding the mechanisms involved in the retinal pathology and should provide important information for their treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushige Tsunoda
- Division of Vision Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8902, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Gen Hanazono
- Division of Vision Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8902, Japan
- Higashimatsudo Hanazono Eye Clinic, 2-3-2 Higashimatsudo, Matsudo City, Chiba, 270-2225, Japan
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12
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Bianco L, Arrigo A, Antropoli A, Carrera P, Spiga I, Patricelli MG, Bandello F, Battaglia Parodi M. Multimodal imaging evaluation of occult macular dystrophy associated with a novel RP1L1 variant. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2022; 26:101550. [PMID: 35509282 PMCID: PMC9058645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2022.101550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Occult Macular Dystrophy (OMD) is an autosomal dominant inherited retinal dystrophy caused by mutations in the retinitis pigmentosa 1-like 1 (RP1L1) gene. The present study describes a novel RP1L1 variant, identified for the first time in two Italian sisters diagnosed with OMD, along with multimodal imaging features, including Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Angiography. Methods We performed multimodal imaging including spectral-domain OCT, blue light autofluorescence (BAF), infrared autofluorescence (IRAF), swept-source OCT Angiography (OCTA), full-field and multifocal electroretinography. Genetic analysis was performed using Next-Generation Sequencing. Pathogenic potential of nonsynonymous novel variants was scored with two in silico algorithms. Results Proband 1 (P1) and proband 2 (P2) were two Italian sisters of 61 and 56 years old. Both reported a history of progressive visual loss without fundoscopic alterations. P1 reported a 4-year history of rapid visual function worsening, and her best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was counting fingers in both eyes. P2 reported a 20-year history of mild but progressive visual acuity loss, and her BCVA was 1/10 and 2/10 respectively in her right and left eye. Structural OCT displayed disorganization of outer retinal bands at the macula and foveal cavitation; loss of foveal photoreceptors was remarkably evident on en-face OCT slabs. OCTA quantitative analysis found that vessel density was reduced both at SCP and DCP while choriocapillaris blood flow was relatively spared. Genetic analysis found the same rare dominant c.2873G > C, p.Arg958Pro variant in the RP1L1 gene. The substitution was regarded as moderately radical according to Grantham score while PolyPhen2 classified the amino acidic substitution as probably damaging. Conclusions and importance Our study expands the mutational spectrum of RP1L1 gene: the rare c.2873G > C, p.Arg958Pro missense variant may be considered a new pathogenic variant for OMD, the first to be identified exclusively in an Italian family. Moreover, our quantitative OCTA data suggest that OMD is characterized by a rarefaction of superficial and deep capillary plexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Bianco
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Arrigo
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Antropoli
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Carrera
- Unit of Genomics for Human Disease Diagnosis, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivana Spiga
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Patricelli
- Medical Genetics, Molecular Biology and Citogenetics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bandello
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Yin L, Ma C, Hou S, Ma X. Methyltransferase-like (METTL)14-mediated N6-methyladenosine modification modulates retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) activity by regulating the methylation of microtubule-associated protein (MAP)2. Bioengineered 2022; 13:4773-4785. [PMID: 35139773 PMCID: PMC8973965 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2032968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of METTL14 is significantly reduced in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). To clarify the significance of the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification in RP, we examined phagocytosis, apoptosis, and cell cycle distribution in a human RPE cell line, ARPE-19, following lentivirus-mediated knockdown of METTL14. Differentially expressed genes and changes in m6A level were evaluated by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq), respectively. The results showed that phagocytosis and proliferation were decreased whereas apoptosis was increased in RPE cells by METTL14 silencing. We found that METTL14 directly regulated m6A level and the expression of MAP2, as determined by RNA-seq, MeRIP-seq, MeRIP quantitative PCR, and the RNA pull-down assay. Additionally, MAP2 could bind to neuronal differentiation (NEUROD)1, a pathogenic gene in RPE-associated diseases. A family member of the YTH domain, (YTHDF)2 was recognized as an m6A reader of MAP2 mRNA. MAP2 overexpression had the same effects as METTL14 knockdown in RPE cells. Thus, METTL14 regulates the expression of MAP2 via the modification of m6A, resulting in the dysregulation of NEUROD1 and pathologic changes in RPE cells. These findings suggest that therapeutic strategies targeting the m6A modification of MAP2 or the METTL14/YTHDF2/MAP2/NEUROD1 signaling axis may be effective in the treatment of RPE-associated ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Province Division of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Vitreoretinal Diseases, Dalian, China.,Dalian Corneal Stem Cell Transplantation Engineering Research Center, Dalian, China
| | - Cong Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shengping Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Province Division of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Vitreoretinal Diseases, Dalian, China.,Dalian Corneal Stem Cell Transplantation Engineering Research Center, Dalian, China
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14
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Daniute G, Vilkeviciute A, Gedvilaite G, Kriauciuniene L, Liutkeviciene R. RP1L1 rs3924612 gene polymorphism and RP1L1 protein associations among patients with early age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmic Genet 2021; 43:164-171. [PMID: 34865606 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2021.2010770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the most common causes of blindness in developed world countries. It mainly affects the elderly. The incidence of the disease is only slightly below that of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to determine the association of RP1L1 single nucleotide polymorphism and serum RP1L1 levels with the onset of the early AMD. AIM The aim of this study was to determine the association of RP1L1 single nucleotide polymorphism with the onset of the early age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS The study examined 615 subjects: 309 with a diagnosis of the early AMD and 306 healthy controls. Samples of DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes were extracted by the DNA salting-out method. Genotyping was carried out by the real-time polymerase chain reaction. Serum levels of RP1L1 protein were evaluated using an ELISA kit. The results were assessed using the statistical analysis method of "IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0". RESULTS We have found that the RP1L1 rs3924612 C/G genotype increases the odds of the early AMD development in females (p <.05/2). Also, we found that RP1L1 rs3924612 C/G and G/G genotypes increase the odds of the early AMD in the age group of 56-68 years (p < .05/2). Serum RP1L1 levels were evaluated in study groups but no statistically significant associations were found. CONCLUSION Based on these results we concluded that RP1L1 rs3924612 polymorphism was associated with the early AMD development, but not with the RP1L1 level changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginte Daniute
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Alvita Vilkeviciute
- Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Greta Gedvilaite
- Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Loresa Kriauciuniene
- Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Liutkeviciene
- Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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15
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Sun C, Zhou J, Meng X. Primary cilia in retinal pigment epithelium development and diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9084-9088. [PMID: 34448530 PMCID: PMC8500982 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a highly polarized epithelial monolayer lying between the photoreceptor layer and the Bruch membrane. It is essential for vision through participating in many critical activities, including phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments, recycling the visual cycle‐related compounds, forming a barrier to control the transport of nutrients, ions, and water, and the removal of waste. Primary cilia are conservatively present in almost all the vertebrate cells and acts as a sensory organelle to control tissue development and homeostasis maintenance. Numerous studies reveal that abnormalities in RPE lead to various retinal diseases, such as age‐related macular degeneration and diabetic macular oedema, but the mechanism of primary cilia in these physiological and pathological activities remains to be elucidated. Herein, we summarize the functions of primary cilia in the RPE development and the mutations of ciliary genes identified in RPE‐related diseases. By highlighting the significance of primary cilia in regulating the physiological and pathological processes of RPE, we aim to provide novel insights for the treatment of RPE‐related retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjiao Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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16
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Mizobuchi K, Hayashi T, Oishi N, Kubota D, Kameya S, Higasa K, Futami T, Kondo H, Hosono K, Kurata K, Hotta Y, Yoshitake K, Iwata T, Matsuura T, Nakano T. Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in RP1-Associated Retinal Dystrophies: A Multi-Center Cohort Study in JAPAN. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112265. [PMID: 34073704 PMCID: PMC8197273 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Little is known about genotype–phenotype correlations of RP1-associated retinal dystrophies in the Japanese population. We aimed to investigate the genetic spectrum of RP1 variants and provide a detailed description of the clinical findings in Japanese patients. Methods: In total, 607 patients with inherited retinal diseases were examined using whole-exome/whole-genome sequencing (WES/WGS). PCR-based screening for an Alu element insertion (c.4052_4053ins328/p.Tyr1352AlafsTer9) was performed in 18 patients with autosomal-recessive (AR)-retinitis pigmentosa (RP) or AR-cone dystrophy (COD)/cone-rod dystrophy (CORD), including seven patients with heterozygous RP1 variants identified by WES/WGS analysis, and 11 early onset AR-RP patients, in whom no pathogenic variant was identified. We clinically examined 25 patients (23 families) with pathogenic RP1 variants, including five patients (five families) with autosomal-dominant (AD)-RP, 13 patients (11 families) with AR-RP, and seven patients (seven families) with AR-COD/CORD. Results: We identified 18 pathogenic RP1 variants, including seven novel variants. Interestingly, the Alu element insertion was the most frequent variant (32.0%, 16/50 alleles). The clinical findings revealed that the age at onset and disease progression occurred significantly earlier and faster in AR-RP patients compared to AD-RP or AR-COD/CORD patients. Conclusions: Our results suggest a genotype–phenotype correlation between variant types/locations and phenotypes (AD-RP, AR-RP, and AR-COD/CORD), and the Alu element insertion was the most major variant in Japanese patients with RP1-associated retinal dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Mizobuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-19-18, Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan; (T.H.); (T.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3433-1111
| | - Takaaki Hayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-19-18, Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan; (T.H.); (T.N.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Katsushika Medical Center, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 6-41-2 Aoto, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8506, Japan
| | - Noriko Oishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, 1715 Kamagari, Inzai, Chiba 270-1694, Japan; (N.O.); (D.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Daiki Kubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, 1715 Kamagari, Inzai, Chiba 270-1694, Japan; (N.O.); (D.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Shuhei Kameya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, 1715 Kamagari, Inzai, Chiba 270-1694, Japan; (N.O.); (D.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Koichiro Higasa
- Department of Genome Analysis, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan;
| | - Takuma Futami
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku Kitakyushu-shi, Fu-kuoka 807-8555, Japan; (T.F.); (H.K.)
| | - Hiroyuki Kondo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku Kitakyushu-shi, Fu-kuoka 807-8555, Japan; (T.F.); (H.K.)
| | - Katsuhiro Hosono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Shizuoka, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan; (K.H.); (K.K.); (Y.H.)
| | - Kentaro Kurata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Shizuoka, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan; (K.H.); (K.K.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yoshihiro Hotta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Shizuoka, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan; (K.H.); (K.K.); (Y.H.)
| | - Kazutoshi Yoshitake
- National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan; (K.Y.); (T.I.)
| | - Takeshi Iwata
- National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan; (K.Y.); (T.I.)
| | - Tomokazu Matsuura
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-19-18, Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan;
| | - Tadashi Nakano
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-19-18, Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan; (T.H.); (T.N.)
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17
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Li J, Du W, Xu N, Tao T, Tang X, Huang L. RNA-seq analysis for exploring the pathogenesis of Retinitis pigmentosa in P23H knock-in mice. Ophthalmic Res 2021; 64:798-810. [PMID: 33971646 DOI: 10.1159/000515727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Li
- Eye diseases and Optometry Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China,
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China,
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China,
| | - Wei Du
- Eye diseases and Optometry Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ningda Xu
- Eye diseases and Optometry Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tianchang Tao
- Eye diseases and Optometry Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Tang
- Eye diseases and Optometry Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lvzhen Huang
- Eye diseases and Optometry Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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18
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Sánchez-Bellver L, Toulis V, Marfany G. On the Wrong Track: Alterations of Ciliary Transport in Inherited Retinal Dystrophies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:623734. [PMID: 33748110 PMCID: PMC7973215 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.623734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciliopathies are a group of heterogeneous inherited disorders associated with dysfunction of the cilium, a ubiquitous microtubule-based organelle involved in a broad range of cellular functions. Most ciliopathies are syndromic, since several organs whose cells produce a cilium, such as the retina, cochlea or kidney, are affected by mutations in ciliary-related genes. In the retina, photoreceptor cells present a highly specialized neurosensory cilium, the outer segment, stacked with membranous disks where photoreception and phototransduction occurs. The daily renewal of the more distal disks is a unique characteristic of photoreceptor outer segments, resulting in an elevated protein demand. All components necessary for outer segment formation, maintenance and function have to be transported from the photoreceptor inner segment, where synthesis occurs, to the cilium. Therefore, efficient transport of selected proteins is critical for photoreceptor ciliogenesis and function, and any alteration in either cargo delivery to the cilium or intraciliary trafficking compromises photoreceptor survival and leads to retinal degeneration. To date, mutations in more than 100 ciliary genes have been associated with retinal dystrophies, accounting for almost 25% of these inherited rare diseases. Interestingly, not all mutations in ciliary genes that cause retinal degeneration are also involved in pleiotropic pathologies in other ciliated organs. Depending on the mutation, the same gene can cause syndromic or non-syndromic retinopathies, thus emphasizing the highly refined specialization of the photoreceptor neurosensory cilia, and raising the possibility of photoreceptor-specific molecular mechanisms underlying common ciliary functions such as ciliary transport. In this review, we will focus on ciliary transport in photoreceptor cells and discuss the molecular complexity underpinning retinal ciliopathies, with a special emphasis on ciliary genes that, when mutated, cause either syndromic or non-syndromic retinal ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sánchez-Bellver
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB-IRSJD), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vasileios Toulis
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, ISCIII, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Marfany
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB-IRSJD), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, ISCIII, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Drivas TG, Lucas A, Zhang X, Ritchie MD. Mendelian pathway analysis of laboratory traits reveals distinct roles for ciliary subcompartments in common disease pathogenesis. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:482-501. [PMID: 33636100 PMCID: PMC8008498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare monogenic disorders of the primary cilium, termed ciliopathies, are characterized by extreme presentations of otherwise common diseases, such as diabetes, hepatic fibrosis, and kidney failure. However, despite a recent revolution in our understanding of the cilium's role in rare disease pathogenesis, the organelle's contribution to common disease remains largely unknown. Hypothesizing that common genetic variants within Mendelian ciliopathy genes might contribute to common complex diseases pathogenesis, we performed association studies of 16,874 common genetic variants across 122 ciliary genes with 12 quantitative laboratory traits characteristic of ciliopathy syndromes in 452,593 individuals in the UK Biobank. We incorporated tissue-specific gene expression analysis, expression quantitative trait loci, and Mendelian disease phenotype information into our analysis and replicated our findings in meta-analysis. 101 statistically significant associations were identified across 42 of the 122 examined ciliary genes (including eight novel replicating associations). These ciliary genes were widely expressed in tissues relevant to the phenotypes being studied, and eQTL analysis revealed strong evidence for correlation between ciliary gene expression levels and laboratory traits. Perhaps most interestingly, our analysis identified different ciliary subcompartments as being specifically associated with distinct sets of phenotypes. Taken together, our data demonstrate the utility of a Mendelian pathway-based approach to genomic association studies, challenge the widely held belief that the cilium is an organelle important mainly in development and in rare syndromic disease pathogenesis, and provide a framework for the continued integration of common and rare disease genetics to provide insight into the pathophysiology of human diseases of immense public health burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore George Drivas
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19194, USA; Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Anastasia Lucas
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19194, USA
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19194, USA
| | - Marylyn DeRiggi Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19194, USA; Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19194, USA.
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Ran J, Zhou J. Targeting the photoreceptor cilium for the treatment of retinal diseases. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:1410-1415. [PMID: 32753732 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0486-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoreceptors, as polarised sensory neurons, are essential for light sensation and phototransduction, which are highly dependent on the photoreceptor cilium. Structural defects and/or dysfunction of the photoreceptor cilium caused by mutations in photoreceptor-specific genes or common ciliary genes can lead to retinal diseases, including syndromic and nonsyndromic diseases. In this review, we describe the structure and function of the photoreceptor cilium. We also discuss recent findings that underscore the dysregulation of the photoreceptor cilium in various retinal diseases and the therapeutic potential of targeting ciliary genes in these diseases.
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Progressive Photoreceptor Dysfunction and Age-Related Macular Degeneration-Like Features in rp1l1 Mutant Zebrafish. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102214. [PMID: 33007938 PMCID: PMC7600334 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoreceptor disease results in irreparable vision loss and blindness, which has a dramatic impact on quality of life. Pathogenic mutations in RP1L1 lead to photoreceptor degenerations such as occult macular dystrophy and retinitis pigmentosa. RP1L1 is a component of the photoreceptor axoneme, the backbone structure of the photoreceptor's light-sensing outer segment. We generated an rp1l1 zebrafish mutant using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Mutant animals had progressive photoreceptor functional defects as determined by electrophysiological assessment. Optical coherence tomography showed gaps in the photoreceptor layer, disrupted photoreceptor mosaics, and thinner retinas. Mutant retinas had disorganized photoreceptor outer segments and lipid-rich subretinal drusenoid deposits between the photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium. Our mutant is a novel model of RP1L1-associated photoreceptor disease and the first zebrafish model of photoreceptor degeneration with reported subretinal drusenoid deposits, a feature of age-related macular degeneration.
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Hiraoka M, Ishikawa A, Matsuzawa F, Aikawa SI, Sakurai A. A variant in the RP1L1 gene in a family with occult macular dystrophy in a predicted intrinsically disordered region. Ophthalmic Genet 2020; 41:599-605. [PMID: 32940107 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2020.1821383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The responsible genetic variants for occult macular dystrophy (OMD) were found at the predicted intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of the RP1L1 gene. PURPOSE We examined the phenotypes and genotypes of family members from OMD. In addition, the genetic characteristics of the RP1L1 gene in OMD were investigated. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing was applied on two affected family members, and Sanger sequencing was performed on three members. The structural property of RP1L1 and pathogenic variants was analyzed using predictor of natural disordered regions (PONDR). RESULTS Two affected members showed moderate visual impairment and relative central scotoma. The spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images showed an absence of the interdigitation zone (IZ) and ellipsoid zone (EZ) in one case, and an obscure EZ line in the other case. A RP1L1 variant (c.3593 C > T, p.Ser1198Phe) was identified in two affected members but not in the unaffected member. The PONDR analysis showed that the region from p.1189 to p.1248 could be predicted to be an IDR in the RP1L1 molecule. And the p. Ser1198Phe variant showed significant reduction of PONDR score. CONCLUSIONS Although, the major pathogenic variant of OMD is p.Arg45Trp, multiple reports indicate that the region between p.1194 and p.1201 is another hot spot of OMD. The PONDR analysis predicted that the RP1L1 molecule is one of the intrinsically disordered proteins. It is speculated that the region around p.1200 is essential for the normal function of the RP1L1 molecule, and the missense variants of that area cause the development of OMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Hiraoka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido , Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Aki Ishikawa
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sapporo Medical University , Sapporo, Hokkaido Japan
| | | | | | - Akihiro Sakurai
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sapporo Medical University , Sapporo, Hokkaido Japan
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23
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Aardema ML, Stiassny MLJ, Alter SE. Genomic Analysis of the Only Blind Cichlid Reveals Extensive Inactivation in Eye and Pigment Formation Genes. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:1392-1406. [PMID: 32653909 PMCID: PMC7502198 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Trait loss represents an intriguing evolutionary problem, particularly when it occurs across independent lineages. Fishes in light-poor environments often evolve “troglomorphic” traits, including reduction or loss of both pigment and eyes. Here, we investigate the genomic basis of trait loss in a blind and depigmented African cichlid, Lamprologus lethops, and explore evolutionary forces (selection and drift) that may have contributed to these losses. This species, the only known blind cichlid, is endemic to the lower Congo River. Available evidence suggests that it inhabits deep, low-light habitats. Using genome sequencing, we show that genes related to eye formation and pigmentation, as well as other traits associated with troglomorphism, accumulated inactivating mutations rapidly after speciation. A number of the genes affected in L. lethops are also implicated in troglomorphic phenotypes in Mexican cavefish (Astyanax mexicanus) and other species. Analysis of heterozygosity patterns across the genome indicates that L. lethops underwent a significant population bottleneck roughly 1 Ma, after which effective population sizes remained low. Branch-length tests on a subset of genes with inactivating mutations show little evidence of directional selection; however, low overall heterozygosity may reduce statistical power to detect such signals. Overall, genome-wide patterns suggest that accelerated genetic drift from a severe bottleneck, perhaps aided by directional selection for the loss of physiologically expensive traits, caused inactivating mutations to fix rapidly in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Aardema
- Department of Biology, Montclair State University.,Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York
| | - Melanie L J Stiassny
- Department of Ichthyology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York
| | - S Elizabeth Alter
- Department of Ichthyology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York.,The Graduate Center, City University of New York.,Department of Biology, York College/The City University of New York
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24
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Wang DD, Gao FJ, Li JK, Chen F, Hu FY, Xu GZ, Zhang JG, Sun HX, Zhang SH, Xu P, Tian GH, Wu JH. Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Chinese Patients with Occult Macular Dystrophy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:10. [PMID: 32176261 PMCID: PMC7401461 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.3.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the clinical and genetic characteristics of occult macular dystrophy (OMD) based on a Chinese patient cohort. Methods Fifteen Chinese OMD patients from nine unrelated families underwent genetic testing, and all of them harbored a pathogenic RP1L1 variant. Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations were performed in nine probands, including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), near-infrared reflectance (NIR), fundus autofluorescence (AF), and multifocal electroretinography. Results The RP1L1 variants p.R45W and p.S1199C were identified in 13 patients and two patients, respectively, and one was a de novo mutation. Among the nine probands, the median ages at onset and examination were 25.0 years (range, 6–51 years) and 27.0 years (range, 14–55 years), respectively. The median decimal visual acuity was 0.20 (range, 0.04–0.5). Foveal photoreceptor thickness and visual acuity showed a significant correlation (r = 0.591; P = 0.01). All eyes presented with an absent interdigitation zone and blurred ellipsoid zone of photoreceptors when examined by SD-OCT. In addition, central round lesions with low NIR reflectance were observed in 66.7% (12/18) of eyes by NIR reflectance imaging, corresponding to the regions with abnormal photoreceptor microstructures observed by SD-OCT. Of the 18 eyes, only four eyes showed ring-like faint hyperfluorescence around the macula by AF. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest study in a cohort of Chinese OMD patients with RP1L1 mutations. Our findings revealed that the two recurrent RP1L1 variants are related to OMD in the Chinese population. Furthermore, multimodal imaging combined with genetic testing is valuable for diagnosing and monitoring OMD progression.
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25
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McGowen MR, Tsagkogeorga G, Williamson J, Morin PA, Rossiter ASJ. Positive Selection and Inactivation in the Vision and Hearing Genes of Cetaceans. Mol Biol Evol 2020; 37:2069-2083. [DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The transition to an aquatic lifestyle in cetaceans (whales and dolphins) resulted in a radical transformation in their sensory systems. Toothed whales acquired specialized high-frequency hearing tied to the evolution of echolocation, whereas baleen whales evolved low-frequency hearing. More generally, all cetaceans show adaptations for hearing and seeing underwater. To determine the extent to which these phenotypic changes have been driven by molecular adaptation, we performed large-scale targeted sequence capture of 179 sensory genes across the Cetacea, incorporating up to 54 cetacean species from all major clades as well as their closest relatives, the hippopotamuses. We screened for positive selection in 167 loci related to vision and hearing and found that the diversification of cetaceans has been accompanied by pervasive molecular adaptations in both sets of genes, including several loci implicated in nonsyndromic hearing loss. Despite these findings, however, we found no direct evidence of positive selection at the base of odontocetes coinciding with the origin of echolocation, as found in studies examining fewer taxa. By using contingency tables incorporating taxon- and gene-based controls, we show that, although numbers of positively selected hearing and nonsyndromic hearing loss genes are disproportionately high in cetaceans, counts of vision genes do not differ significantly from expected values. Alongside these adaptive changes, we find increased evidence of pseudogenization of genes involved in cone-mediated vision in mysticetes and deep-diving odontocetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R McGowen
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC
| | - Georgia Tsagkogeorga
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Williamson
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip A Morin
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, La Jolla, CA
| | - and Stephen J Rossiter
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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26
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RP1L1 and inherited photoreceptor disease: A review. Surv Ophthalmol 2020; 65:725-739. [PMID: 32360662 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa 1-like 1 (RP1L1) is a component of the photoreceptor cilium. Pathogenic variants in RP1L1 lead to photoreceptor disease, suggesting an important role for RP1L1 in photoreceptor biology, though its exact function is unknown. To date, RP1L1 variants have been associated with occult macular dystrophy (a cone degeneration) and retinitis pigmentosa (a rod disease). Here, we summarize reported RP1L1-associated photoreceptor conditions and disease-causing RP1L1 variants. We also discuss novel associations between RP1L1 and additional photoreceptor conditions-besides occult macular dystrophy and retinitis pigmentosa-and fit RP1L1 into the broader scope of photoreceptor disease. RP1L1 appears to have a complex relationship with other photoreceptor proteins and may modify disease phenotype. Ultimately, further exploration of the relationship between RP1L1, other cilium components, and their impact on photoreceptor health is needed.
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27
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Albarry MA, Hashmi JA, Alreheli AQ, Albalawi AM, Khan B, Ramzan K, Basit S. Novel homozygous loss-of-function mutations in RP1 and RP1L1 genes in retinitis pigmentosa patients. Ophthalmic Genet 2019; 40:507-513. [PMID: 31833436 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2019.1703014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a heterogeneous group of ocular dystrophy. It is challenging to identify the underlying genetic defect in individuals with RP due to huge genetic heterogeneity. This study was designed to delineate the genetic defect(s) underlying RP in extended Saudi families and to describe the possible disease mechanism.Materials and Methods: Fundus photography and a high definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT) were performed in order to detect the earlier stages of macular degeneration. Genomic DNA was extracted followed by genome-wide SNP genotyping and whole exome sequencing (WES). Exome data was filtered to identify the genetic variant(s) of interest.Results: Clinical examination showed that affected individuals manifest key features of RP. The fundus exam shows pale optic disc and bone spicules at the periphery. OCT shows macular degeneration as early as at the age of 4 years. Whole genome scan by SNPs identified multiple homozygous regions. WES identified a 10 bps novel insertion mutation (c.3544_3545insAGAAAAGCTG; p.Ala1182fs) in the RP1 gene in both affected individuals of family A. Affected individual from family B showed a large insertion of 48 nucleotides in the coding part of the RP1L1 gene (c.3955_3956insGGACTAAAGTAATAGAAGGGCTGCAAGAAGAGAGGGTGCAGTTAGAGG; p.Ala1319fs). Sanger sequencing validates the autosomal recessive inheritance of the mutations.Conclusion: The results strongly suggest that the insertion mutations in the RP1 and RP1L1 genes are responsible for the retinal phenotype in affected individuals from two families. Heterozygous individuals are asymptomatic carriers. We propose that the protective allele in other homozygous regions in heterozygous carriers contribute to the phenotypic variability in asymptomatic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maan Abdullah Albarry
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Taibah University Almadinah, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamil Amjad Hashmi
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University Almadinah, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahdab Qasem Alreheli
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Taibah University Almadinah, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alia M Albalawi
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University Almadinah, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bushra Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Khushnooda Ramzan
- Department of Genetics, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulman Basit
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University Almadinah, Medina, Saudi Arabia
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28
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Blond F, Léveillard T. Functional Genomics of the Retina to Elucidate its Construction and Deconstruction. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4922. [PMID: 31590277 PMCID: PMC6801968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The retina is the light sensitive part of the eye and nervous tissue that have been used extensively to characterize the function of the central nervous system. The retina has a central position both in fundamental biology and in the physiopathology of neurodegenerative diseases. We address the contribution of functional genomics to the understanding of retinal biology by reviewing key events in their historical perspective as an introduction to major findings that were obtained through the study of the retina using genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics. We illustrate our purpose by showing that most of the genes of interest for retinal development and those involved in inherited retinal degenerations have a restricted expression to the retina and most particularly to photoreceptors cells. We show that the exponential growth of data generated by functional genomics is a future challenge not only in terms of storage but also in terms of accessibility to the scientific community of retinal biologists in the future. Finally, we emphasize on novel perspectives that emerge from the development of redox-proteomics, the new frontier in retinal biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Blond
- Department of Genetics, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France.
| | - Thierry Léveillard
- Department of Genetics, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France.
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29
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Verbakel SK, van Huet RAC, den Hollander AI, Geerlings MJ, Kersten E, Klevering BJ, Klaver CCW, Plomp AS, Wesseling NL, Bergen AAB, Nikopoulos K, Rivolta C, Ikeda Y, Sonoda KH, Wada Y, Boon CJF, Nakazawa T, Hoyng CB, Nishiguchi KM. Macular Dystrophy and Cone-Rod Dystrophy Caused by Mutations in the RP1 Gene: Extending the RP1 Disease Spectrum. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:1192-1203. [PMID: 30913292 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-26084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe the clinical and genetic spectrum of RP1-associated retinal dystrophies. Methods In this multicenter case series, we included 22 patients with RP1-associated retinal dystrophies from 19 families from The Netherlands and Japan. Data on clinical characteristics, visual acuity, visual field, ERG, and retinal imaging were extracted from medical records over a mean follow-up of 8.1 years. Results Eleven patients were diagnosed with autosomal recessive macular dystrophy (arMD) or autosomal recessive cone-rod dystrophy (arCRD), five with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (arRP), and six with autosomal dominant RP (adRP). The mean age of onset was 40.3 years (range 14-56) in the patients with arMD/arCRD, 26.2 years (range 18-40) in adRP, and 8.8 years (range 5-12) in arRP patients. All patients with arMD/arCRD carried either the hypomorphic p.Arg1933* variant positioned close to the C-terminus (8 of 11 patients) or a missense variant in exon 2 (3 of 11 patients), compound heterozygous with a likely deleterious frameshift or nonsense mutation, or the p.Gln1916* variant. In contrast, all mutations identified in adRP and arRP patients were frameshift and/or nonsense variants located far from the C-terminus. Conclusions Mutations in the RP1 gene are associated with a broad spectrum of progressive retinal dystrophies. In addition to adRP and arRP, our study provides further evidence that arCRD and arMD are RP1-associated phenotypes as well. The macular involvement in patients with the hypomorphic RP1 variant suggests that macular function may remain compromised if expression levels of RP1 do not reach adequate levels after gene augmentation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne K Verbakel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ramon A C van Huet
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje J Geerlings
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline Kersten
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B Jeroen Klevering
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid S Plomp
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nieneke L Wesseling
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur A B Bergen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN-KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Konstantinos Nikopoulos
- Department of Computational Biology, Unit of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Service of Medical Genetics, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Rivolta
- Department of Computational Biology, Unit of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Yasuhiro Ikeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koh-Hei Sonoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Camiel J F Boon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Carel B Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Koji M Nishiguchi
- Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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30
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Hu YS, Song H, Li Y, Xiao ZY, Li T. Whole-exome sequencing identifies novel mutations in genes responsible for retinitis pigmentosa in 2 nonconsanguineous Chinese families. Int J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:915-923. [PMID: 31236346 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.06.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To detect the pathogenetic mutations responsible for nonsyndromic autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP) in 2 nonconsanguineous Chinese families. METHODS The clinical data, including detailed medical history, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit-lamp biomicroscope examination, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, static perimetry, and full field electroretinogram, were collected from the members of 2 nonconsanguineous Chinese families preliminarily diagnosed with RP. Genomic DNA was extracted from the probands and other available family members; whole-exome sequencing was conducted with the DNA samples provided by the probands, and all mutations detected by whole-exome sequencing were verified using Sanger sequencing in the probands and the other available family members. The verified novel mutations were further sequenced in 192 ethnicity matched healthy controls. RESULTS The patients from the 2 families exhibited the typical symptoms of RP, including night blindness and progressive constriction of the visual field, and the fundus examinations showed attenuated retinal arterioles, peripheral bone spicule pigment deposits, and waxy optic discs. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a novel nonsense mutation in FAM161A (c.943A>T, p.Lys315*) and compound heterozygous mutations in RP1L1 (c.56C>A, p.Pro19His; c.5470C>T, p.Gln1824*). The nonsense c.5470C>T, p.Gln1824* mutation was novel. All mutations were verified by Sanger sequencing. The mutation p.Lys315* in FAM161A co-segregated with the phenotype, and all the nonsense mutations were absent from the ethnicity matched healthy controls and all available databases. CONCLUSION We identify 2 novel mutations in genes responsible for autosomal recessive RP, and the mutation in FAM161A is reported for the first time in a Chinese population. Our result not only enriches the knowledge of the mutation frequency and spectrum in the genes responsible for nonsyndromic RP but also provides a new target for future gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Shan Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi 445000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hui Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi 445000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi 445000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zi-Yun Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi 445000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Tuo Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi 445000, Hubei Province, China
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31
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Kowalchuk AM, Maurer KA, Shoja-Taheri F, Brown NL. Requirements for Neurogenin2 during mouse postnatal retinal neurogenesis. Dev Biol 2018; 442:220-235. [PMID: 30048641 PMCID: PMC6143394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
During embryonic retinal development, the bHLH factor Neurog2 regulates the temporal progression of neurogenesis, but no role has been assigned for this gene in the postnatal retina. Using Neurog2 conditional mutants, we found that Neurog2 is necessary for the development of an early, embryonic cohort of rod photoreceptors, but also required by both a subset of cone bipolar subtypes, and rod bipolars. Using transcriptomics, we identified a subset of downregulated genes in P2 Neurog2 mutants, which act during rod differentiation, outer segment morphogenesis or visual processing. We also uncovered defects in neuronal cell culling, which suggests that the rod and bipolar cell phenotypes may arise via more complex mechanisms rather than a simple cell fate shift. However, given an overall phenotypic resemblance between Neurog2 and Blimp1 mutants, we explored the relationship between these two factors. We found that Blimp1 is downregulated between E12-birth in Neurog2 mutants, which probably reflects a dependence on Neurog2 in embryonic progenitor cells. Overall, we conclude that the Neurog2 gene is expressed and active prior to birth, but also exerts an influence on postnatal retinal neuron differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica M Kowalchuk
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kate A Maurer
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Farnaz Shoja-Taheri
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nadean L Brown
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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32
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Zobor D, Zobor G, Hipp S, Baumann B, Weisschuh N, Biskup S, Sliesoraityte I, Zrenner E, Kohl S. Phenotype Variations Caused by Mutations in theRP1L1Gene in a Large Mainly German Cohort. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 59:3041-3052. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ditta Zobor
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gergely Zobor
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephanie Hipp
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Britta Baumann
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicole Weisschuh
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Saskia Biskup
- Praxis für Humangenetik Tübingen & CeGaT GmbH, Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ieva Sliesoraityte
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institut de La Vision, INSERM Paris, France
| | - Eberhart Zrenner
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Werner Reichardt Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Kohl
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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33
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Tedja MS, Wojciechowski R, Hysi PG, Eriksson N, Furlotte NA, Verhoeven VJ, Iglesias AI, Meester-Smoor MA, Tompson SW, Fan Q, Khawaja AP, Cheng CY, Höhn R, Yamashiro K, Wenocur A, Grazal C, Haller T, Metspalu A, Wedenoja J, Jonas JB, Wang YX, Xie J, Mitchell P, Foster PJ, Klein BE, Klein R, Paterson AD, Hosseini SM, Shah RL, Williams C, Teo YY, Tham YC, Gupta P, Zhao W, Shi Y, Saw WY, Tai ES, Sim XL, Huffman JE, Polašek O, Hayward C, Bencic G, Rudan I, Wilson JF, Joshi PK, Tsujikawa A, Matsuda F, Whisenhunt KN, Zeller T, van der Spek PJ, Haak R, Meijers-Heijboer H, van Leeuwen EM, Iyengar SK, Lass JH, Hofman A, Rivadeneira F, Uitterlinden AG, Vingerling JR, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari OT, Biino G, Concas MP, Schwantes-An TH, Igo RP, Cuellar-Partida G, Martin NG, Craig JE, Gharahkhani P, Williams KM, Nag A, Rahi JS, Cumberland PM, Delcourt C, Bellenguez C, Ried JS, Bergen AA, Meitinger T, Gieger C, Wong TY, Hewitt AW, Mackey DA, Simpson CL, Pfeiffer N, Pärssinen O, Baird PN, Vitart V, Amin N, van Duijn CM, Bailey-Wilson JE, Young TL, Saw SM, Stambolian D, MacGregor S, Guggenheim JA, Tung JY, Hammond CJ, Klaver CC. Genome-wide association meta-analysis highlights light-induced signaling as a driver for refractive error. Nat Genet 2018; 50:834-848. [PMID: 29808027 PMCID: PMC5980758 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Refractive errors, including myopia, are the most frequent eye disorders worldwide and an increasingly common cause of blindness. This genome-wide association meta-analysis in 160,420 participants and replication in 95,505 participants increased the number of established independent signals from 37 to 161 and showed high genetic correlation between Europeans and Asians (>0.78). Expression experiments and comprehensive in silico analyses identified retinal cell physiology and light processing as prominent mechanisms, and also identified functional contributions to refractive-error development in all cell types of the neurosensory retina, retinal pigment epithelium, vascular endothelium and extracellular matrix. Newly identified genes implicate novel mechanisms such as rod-and-cone bipolar synaptic neurotransmission, anterior-segment morphology and angiogenesis. Thirty-one loci resided in or near regions transcribing small RNAs, thus suggesting a role for post-transcriptional regulation. Our results support the notion that refractive errors are caused by a light-dependent retina-to-sclera signaling cascade and delineate potential pathobiological molecular drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milly S. Tedja
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Wojciechowski
- Department of Epidemiology and Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pirro G. Hysi
- Section of Academic Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Virginie J.M. Verhoeven
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriana I. Iglesias
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Magda A. Meester-Smoor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stuart W. Tompson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Qiao Fan
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, DUKE-National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anthony P. Khawaja
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, DUKE-National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Ocular Epidemiology Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - René Höhn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kenji Yamashiro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Adam Wenocur
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Clare Grazal
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Toomas Haller
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Juho Wedenoja
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jost B. Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul J. Foster
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Barbara E.K. Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ronald Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Andrew D. Paterson
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S. Mohsen Hosseini
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rupal L. Shah
- School of Optometry & Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Cathy Williams
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Yik Ying Teo
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yih Chung Tham
- Ocular Epidemiology Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Preeti Gupta
- Department of Health Service Research, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Wanting Zhao
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, DUKE-National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Statistics Support Platform, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Yuan Shi
- Statistics Support Platform, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Woei-Yuh Saw
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - E-Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xue Ling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jennifer E. Huffman
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ozren Polašek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Goran Bencic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sisters of Mercy University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James F. Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | - Peter K. Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Akitaka Tsujikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kristina N. Whisenhunt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Roxanna Haak
- Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanne Meijers-Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M. van Leeuwen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sudha K. Iyengar
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Eye Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jonathan H. Lass
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Eye Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.HChan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, the Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, the Hague, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, the Hague, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ginevra Biino
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tae-Hwi Schwantes-An
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert P. Igo
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Nicholas G. Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jamie E. Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Puya Gharahkhani
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Katie M. Williams
- Section of Academic Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Abhishek Nag
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jugnoo S. Rahi
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Cécile Delcourt
- Université de Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team LEHA, UMR 1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Céline Bellenguez
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1167, RID-AGE - Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related diseases, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, U1167 - Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Janina S. Ried
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Arthur A. Bergen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences (NIN-KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Academic Medicine Research Institute, Singapore
- Retino Center, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alex W. Hewitt
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Menzies Institute of Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - David A. Mackey
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Menzies Institute of Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Claire L. Simpson
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tenessee
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Olavi Pärssinen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Paul N. Baird
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Joan E. Bailey-Wilson
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Terri L. Young
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Seang-Mei Saw
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Myopia Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Dwight Stambolian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - Christopher J. Hammond
- Section of Academic Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Caroline C.W. Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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34
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Verbakel SK, van Huet RAC, Boon CJF, den Hollander AI, Collin RWJ, Klaver CCW, Hoyng CB, Roepman R, Klevering BJ. Non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa. Prog Retin Eye Res 2018; 66:157-186. [PMID: 29597005 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 513] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) encompasses a group of inherited retinal dystrophies characterized by the primary degeneration of rod and cone photoreceptors. RP is a leading cause of visual disability, with a worldwide prevalence of 1:4000. Although the majority of RP cases are non-syndromic, 20-30% of patients with RP also have an associated non-ocular condition. RP typically manifests with night blindness in adolescence, followed by concentric visual field loss, reflecting the principal dysfunction of rod photoreceptors; central vision loss occurs later in life due to cone dysfunction. Photoreceptor function measured with an electroretinogram is markedly reduced or even absent. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging show a progressive loss of outer retinal layers and altered lipofuscin distribution in a characteristic pattern. Over the past three decades, a vast number of disease-causing variants in more than 80 genes have been associated with non-syndromic RP. The wide heterogeneity of RP makes it challenging to describe the clinical findings and pathogenesis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical characteristics of RP specific to genetically defined patient subsets. We supply a unique atlas with color fundus photographs of most RP subtypes, and we discuss the relevant considerations with respect to differential diagnoses. In addition, we discuss the genes involved in the pathogenesis of RP, as well as the retinal processes that are affected by pathogenic mutations in these genes. Finally, we review management strategies for patients with RP, including counseling, visual rehabilitation, and current and emerging therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne K Verbakel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ramon A C van Huet
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Camiel J F Boon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob W J Collin
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carel B Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Roepman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B Jeroen Klevering
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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35
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Bujakowska KM, Liu Q, Pierce EA. Photoreceptor Cilia and Retinal Ciliopathies. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a028274. [PMID: 28289063 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Photoreceptors are sensory neurons designed to convert light stimuli into neurological responses. This process, called phototransduction, takes place in the outer segments (OS) of rod and cone photoreceptors. OS are specialized sensory cilia, with analogous structures to those present in other nonmotile cilia. Deficient morphogenesis and/or dysfunction of photoreceptor sensory cilia (PSC) caused by mutations in a variety of photoreceptor-specific and common cilia genes can lead to inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs). IRDs can manifest as isolated retinal diseases or syndromic diseases. In this review, we describe the structure and composition of PSC and different forms of ciliopathies with retinal involvement. We review the genetics of the IRDs, which are monogenic disorders but genetically diverse with regard to causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga M Bujakowska
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Qin Liu
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Eric A Pierce
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
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36
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Qi YH, Gao FJ, Hu FY, Zhang SH, Chen JY, Huang WJ, Tian GH, Wang M, Gan DK, Wu JH, Xu GZ. Next-Generation Sequencing-Aided Rapid Molecular Diagnosis of Occult Macular Dystrophy in a Chinese Family. Front Genet 2017; 8:107. [PMID: 28890726 PMCID: PMC5574873 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To show early, rapid and accurate molecular diagnosis of occult macular dystrophy (OMD) in a four-generation Chinese family with inherited macular dystrophy. Methods: In the current study, we comprehensively screened 130 genes involved in common inherited non-syndromic eye diseases with next-generation sequencing-based target capture sequencing of the proband of a four-generation Chinese family that has suffered from maculopathy without a definitive diagnosis for over 10 years. Variants were filtered and analyzed to identify possible disease-causing variants before validation by Sanger sequencing. Results: Two heterozygous mutations—RP1L1 c.133 C > T (p.Arg45Trp), which is a hot spot for OMD, and ABCA4 c.6119 G > A (p.Arg2040Gln), which was identified in Stargardt’s disease were found in three patients, but neither of the mutations was found in the unaffected individuals in the same family, who are phenotypically normal or in the normal control volunteers. Conclusion: These results cannot only confirm the diagnosis of OMD in the proband, but also provide presymptomatic diagnosis of the proband’s children before the onset of visual acuity impairment and guidance regarding the prognosis and management of these patients. Heterozygous mutations of RP1L1 c.133 C > T (p.Arg45Trp) and ABCA4 c.6119 G > A (p.Arg2040Gln) are likely responsible for OMD. Our results further extend our current understanding of the genetic basis of OMD, and emphasize the importance of molecular diagnosis and genetic counseling for OMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-He Qi
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Feng-Juan Gao
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Hu
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Hai Zhang
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai MunicipalityShanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of HealthShanghai, China
| | - Jun-Yi Chen
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Wan-Jing Huang
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Guo-Hong Tian
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Min Wang
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - De-Kang Gan
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Ji-Hong Wu
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai MunicipalityShanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of HealthShanghai, China
| | - Ge-Zhi Xu
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai MunicipalityShanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of HealthShanghai, China
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37
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Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges. Retina 2017; 37:1008-1017. [DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000001212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Liu YP, Bosch DGM, Siemiatkowska AM, Rendtorff ND, Boonstra FN, Möller C, Tranebjærg L, Katsanis N, Cremers FPM. Putative digenic inheritance of heterozygous RP1L1 and C2orf71 null mutations in syndromic retinal dystrophy. Ophthalmic Genet 2016; 38:127-132. [PMID: 27029556 DOI: 10.3109/13816810.2016.1151898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the most common cause of inherited retinal degeneration and can occur in non-syndromic and syndromic forms. Syndromic RP is accompanied by other symptoms such as intellectual disability, hearing loss, or congenital abnormalities. Both forms are known to exhibit complex genetic interactions that can modulate the penetrance and expressivity of the phenotype. MATERIALS AND METHODS In an individual with atypical RP, hearing loss, ataxia and cerebellar atrophy, whole exome sequencing was performed. The candidate pathogenic variants were tested by developing an in vivo zebrafish model and assaying for retinal and cerebellar integrity. RESULTS Exome sequencing revealed a complex heterozygous protein-truncating mutation in RP1L1, p.[(Lys111Glnfs*27; Gln2373*)], and a heterozygous nonsense mutation in C2orf71, p.(Ser512*). Mutations in both genes have previously been implicated in autosomal recessive non-syndromic RP, raising the possibility of a digenic model in this family. Functional testing in a zebrafish model for two key phenotypes of the affected person showed that the combinatorial suppression of rp1l1 and c2orf71l induced discrete pathology in terms of reduction of eye size with concomitant loss of rhodopsin in the photoreceptors, and disorganization of the cerebellum. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the combination of heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in these genes drives syndromic retinal dystrophy, likely through the genetic interaction of at least two loci. Haploinsufficiency at each of these loci is insufficient to induce overt pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfan P Liu
- a Center for Human Disease Modeling , Duke University School of Medicine , Durham , North Carolina , USA
| | - Daniëlle G M Bosch
- b Bartiméus, Institute for the Visually Impaired , Zeist , the Netherlands.,c Department of Human Genetics , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,d Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,e Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Anna M Siemiatkowska
- c Department of Human Genetics , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,d Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Nanna Dahl Rendtorff
- f Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , ICMM, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,g Department of Audiology , Bispebjerg Hospital and Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - F Nienke Boonstra
- b Bartiméus, Institute for the Visually Impaired , Zeist , the Netherlands.,e Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Claes Möller
- h Audiological Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health , Örebro University , Örebro , Sweden
| | - Lisbeth Tranebjærg
- f Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , ICMM, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,g Department of Audiology , Bispebjerg Hospital and Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- a Center for Human Disease Modeling , Duke University School of Medicine , Durham , North Carolina , USA
| | - Frans P M Cremers
- c Department of Human Genetics , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,d Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,e Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
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Fernández-López B, Romaus-Sanjurjo D, Senra-Martínez P, Anadón R, Barreiro-Iglesias A, Rodicio MC. Spatiotemporal Pattern of Doublecortin Expression in the Retina of the Sea Lamprey. Front Neuroanat 2016; 10:5. [PMID: 26858609 PMCID: PMC4731500 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2016.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of doublecortin (DCX) for the development of the nervous system, its expression in the retina of most vertebrates is still unknown. The key phylogenetic position of lampreys, together with their complex life cycle, with a long blind larval stage and an active predator adult stage, makes them an interesting model to study retinal development. Here, we studied the spatiotemporal pattern of expression of DCX in the retina of the sea lamprey. In order to characterize the DCX expressing structures, the expression of acetylated α-tubulin (a neuronal marker) and cytokeratins (glial marker) was also analyzed. Tract-tracing methods were used to label ganglion cells. DCX immunoreactivity appeared initially in photoreceptors, ganglion cells and in fibers of the prolarval retina. In larvae smaller than 100 mm, DCX expression was observed in photoreceptors, in cells located in the inner nuclear and inner plexiform layers (IPLs) and in fibers coursing in the nuclear and IPLs, and in the optic nerve (ON). In retinas of premetamorphic and metamorphic larvae, DCX immunoreactivity was also observed in radially oriented cells and fibers and in a layer of cells located in the outer part of the inner neuroblastic layer (INbL) of the lateral retina. Photoreceptors and fibers ending in the outer limitans membrane (OLM) showed DCX expression in adults. Some retinal pigment epithelium cells were also DCX immunoreactive. Immunofluorescence for α-tubulin in premetamorphic larvae showed coexpression in most of the DCX immunoreactive structures. No cells/fibers were found showing DCX and cytokeratins colocalization. The perikaryon of mature ganglion cells is DCX negative. The expression of DCX in sea lamprey retinas suggests that it could play roles in the migration of cells that differentiate in the metamorphosis, in the establishment of connections of ganglion cells and in the development of photoreceptors. Our results also suggest that the radial glia and retinal pigment epithelium cells of lampreys are neurogenic. Comparison of our observations with those reported in gnathostomes reveals similarities and interesting differences probably due to the peculiar development of the sea lamprey retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Fernández-López
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Ecology, CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Daniel Romaus-Sanjurjo
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Ecology, CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pablo Senra-Martínez
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Ecology, CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ramón Anadón
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Ecology, CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antón Barreiro-Iglesias
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Ecology, CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Celina Rodicio
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Ecology, CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain
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PIERMAROCCHI STEFANO, SEGATO TATIANA, LEON ALBERTA, COLAVITO DAVIDE, MIOTTO STEFANIA. Occult macular dystrophy in an Italian family carrying a mutation in the RP1L1 gene. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2308-12. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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41
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Malinsky M, Challis RJ, Tyers AM, Schiffels S, Terai Y, Ngatunga BP, Miska EA, Durbin R, Genner MJ, Turner GF. Genomic islands of speciation separate cichlid ecomorphs in an East African crater lake. Science 2016; 350:1493-1498. [PMID: 26680190 DOI: 10.1126/science.aac9927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The genomic causes and effects of divergent ecological selection during speciation are still poorly understood. Here we report the discovery and detailed characterization of early-stage adaptive divergence of two cichlid fish ecomorphs in a small (700 meters in diameter) isolated crater lake in Tanzania. The ecomorphs differ in depth preference, male breeding color, body shape, diet, and trophic morphology. With whole-genome sequences of 146 fish, we identified 98 clearly demarcated genomic "islands" of high differentiation and demonstrated the association of genotypes across these islands with divergent mate preferences. The islands contain candidate adaptive genes enriched for functions in sensory perception (including rhodopsin and other twilight-vision-associated genes), hormone signaling, and morphogenesis. Our study suggests mechanisms and genomic regions that may play a role in the closely related mega-radiation of Lake Malawi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Malinsky
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.,Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Richard J Challis
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Alexandra M Tyers
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | | | - Yohey Terai
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, SOKENDAI, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
| | | | - Eric A Miska
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.,Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Richard Durbin
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Martin J Genner
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - George F Turner
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
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42
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Ziccardi L, Giannini D, Lombardo G, Serrao S, Dell'Omo R, Nicoletti A, Bertelli M, Lombardo M. Multimodal Approach to Monitoring and Investigating Cone Structure and Function in an Inherited Macular Dystrophy. Am J Ophthalmol 2015; 160:301-312.e6. [PMID: 25908487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2015.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine a female subject, her father, and a brother harboring a missense mutation of the retinitis pigmentosa 1-like 1 (RP1L1) gene, over 2 years of follow-up. DESIGN Observational case series. METHODS setting: Fondazione G.B. Bietti IRCCS, Rome, Italy. STUDY POPULATION RP1L1 family members and controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Images of the cone mosaic acquired with an adaptive optics retinal camera, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT), and full-field and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG). RESULTS In the proband, best-corrected visual acuity (≤0.7 logMAR) was stable in both eyes during follow-up, though analysis of adaptive optics images showed decreased cone density in the central 9 degrees from the fovea with respect to controls (P < .05) and cone density loss in the parafoveal area (2 degrees; <12%-16%) during follow-up. Texture analysis of SD OCT images identified abnormalities of the ellipsoid zone in the central 7 degrees, while mfERG response amplitudes were reduced only in the central 5 degrees relative to controls. In the proband's father, who had 0.0 logMAR visual acuity, significant cone loss was found in the central 7 degrees from the fovea (P < .05); abnormal SD OCT and mfERG values with respect to controls were found in corresponding retinal areas. No defects in the cone structure and function were found in the proband's brother, who had 0.0 logMAR visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS Occult macular dystrophy was diagnosed based on genetic and multimodal ophthalmic findings. The quantitative assessment of photoreceptor survival or loss, based on analysis of adaptive optics retinal images, was valuable to monitor disease progression at a cellular level.
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43
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Liu HQ, Wei JK, Li B, Wang MS, Wu RQ, Rizak JD, Zhong L, Wang L, Xu FQ, Shen YY, Hu XT, Zhang YP. Divergence of dim-light vision among bats (order: Chiroptera) as estimated by molecular and electrophysiological methods. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11531. [PMID: 26100095 PMCID: PMC5155579 DOI: 10.1038/srep11531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dim-light vision is present in all bats, but is divergent among species. Old-World fruit bats (Pteropodidae) have fully developed eyes; the eyes of insectivorous bats are generally degraded, and these bats rely on well-developed echolocation. An exception is the Emballonuridae, which are capable of laryngeal echolocation but prefer to use vision for navigation and have normal eyes. In this study, integrated methods, comprising manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI), f-VEP and RNA-seq, were utilized to verify the divergence. The results of MEMRI showed that Pteropodidae bats have a much larger superior colliculus (SC)/ inferior colliculus (IC) volume ratio (3:1) than insectivorous bats (1:7). Furthermore, the absolute visual thresholds (log cd/m(2)•s) of Pteropodidae (-6.30 and -6.37) and Emballonuridae (-3.71) bats were lower than those of other insectivorous bats (-1.90). Finally, genes related to the visual pathway showed signs of positive selection, convergent evolution, upregulation and similar gene expression patterns in Pteropodidae and Emballonuridae bats. Different results imply that Pteropodidae and Emballonuridae bats have more developed vision than the insectivorous bats and suggest that further research on bat behavior is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Qun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Kuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Joshua D. Rizak
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhong
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Fu-Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yong-Yi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
- Joint Influenza Research Centre (SUMC/HKU), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Xin-Tian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Ya-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
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44
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Jiang L, Wei Y, Ronquillo CC, Marc RE, Yoder BK, Frederick JM, Baehr W. Heterotrimeric kinesin-2 (KIF3) mediates transition zone and axoneme formation of mouse photoreceptors. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:12765-78. [PMID: 25825494 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.638437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Anterograde intraflagellar transport (IFT) employing kinesin-2 molecular motors has been implicated in trafficking of photoreceptor outer segment proteins. We generated embryonic retina-specific (prefix "emb") and adult tamoxifen-induced (prefix "tam") deletions of KIF3a and IFT88 in adult mice to study photoreceptor ciliogenesis and protein trafficking. In (emb)Kif3a(-/-) and in (emb)Ift88(-/-) mice, basal bodies failed to extend transition zones (connecting cilia) with outer segments, and visual pigments mistrafficked. In contrast, (tam)Kif3a(-/-) and (tam)Ift88(-/-) photoreceptor axonemes disintegrated slowly post-induction, starting distally, but rhodopsin and cone pigments trafficked normally for more than 2 weeks, a time interval during which the outer segment is completely renewed. The results demonstrate that visual pigments transport to the retinal outer segment despite removal of KIF3 and IFT88, and KIF3-mediated anterograde IFT is responsible for photoreceptor transition zone and axoneme formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- From the Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and
| | - Yuxiao Wei
- From the Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and
| | | | - Robert E Marc
- From the Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and
| | - Bradley K Yoder
- the Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, and
| | | | - Wolfgang Baehr
- From the Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and the Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132,
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45
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Miyake Y, Tsunoda K. Occult macular dystrophy. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2015; 59:71-80. [PMID: 25665791 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-015-0371-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Occult macular dystrophy (OMD) was first reported in 1989 as a hereditary macular disease without visible fundus abnormalities. Patients with OMD are characterized by a progressive decrease of visual acuity but have normal fundus and fluorescein angiograms with both the rod and cone components of the full-field electroretinograms (ERGs) essentially normal. However, the focal macular ERGs and multifocal ERGs are severely attenuated. These findings indicate that the retinal dysfunction is confined to the macula. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has shown structural changes in the outer nuclear and/or photoreceptor layers. Genetic analyses of OMD pedigrees have identified dominant mutations in the RP1L1 gene. However, the same mutations were not detected in sporadic cases, suggesting that several independent mutations can lead to the OMD phenotype. The purpose of this paper is to review the history of OMD, the visual functions determined psychophysically, ERG findings, OCT characteristics and genetic findings in patients with OMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yozo Miyake
- Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
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46
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Cone dystrophy in patient with homozygous RP1L1 mutation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:545243. [PMID: 25692141 PMCID: PMC4322316 DOI: 10.1155/2015/545243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether an autosomal recessive cone dystrophy was caused by a homozygous RP1L1 mutation. A family including one subject affected with cone dystrophy and four unaffected members without evidence of consanguinity underwent detailed ophthalmic evaluations. The ellipsoid and interdigitation zones on the spectral-domain optical coherence tomography images were disorganized in the proband. The proband had a reduced amplitude of cone and flicker full-field electroretinograms (ERGs). Focal macular ERGs and multifocal ERGs were severely reduced in the proband. A homozygous RP1L1 mutation (c.3628T>C, p.S1210P) was identified in the proband. Family members who were heterozygous for the p.S1210P mutation had normal visual acuity and normal results of clinical evaluations. To investigate other putative pathogenic variant(s), a next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach was applied to the proband. NGS identified missense changes in the heterozygous state of the PCDH15, RPGRIP1, and GPR98 genes. None of these variants cosegregated with the phenotype and were predicted to be benign reinforcing the putative pathogenicity of the RP1L1 homozygous mutation. The AO images showed a severe reduction of the cone density in the proband. Our findings indicate that a homozygous p.S1210P exchange in the RP1L1 gene can cause cone dystrophy.
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Roosing S, Thiadens AAHJ, Hoyng CB, Klaver CCW, den Hollander AI, Cremers FPM. Causes and consequences of inherited cone disorders. Prog Retin Eye Res 2014; 42:1-26. [PMID: 24857951 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary cone disorders (CDs) are characterized by defects of the cone photoreceptors or retinal pigment epithelium underlying the macula, and include achromatopsia (ACHM), cone dystrophy (COD), cone-rod dystrophy (CRD), color vision impairment, Stargardt disease (STGD) and other maculopathies. Forty-two genes have been implicated in non-syndromic inherited CDs. Mutations in the 5 genes implicated in ACHM explain ∼93% of the cases. On the contrary, only 21% of CRDs (17 genes) and 25% of CODs (8 genes) have been elucidated. The fact that the large majority of COD and CRD-associated genes are yet to be discovered hints towards the existence of unknown cone-specific or cone-sensitive processes. The ACHM-associated genes encode proteins that fulfill crucial roles in the cone phototransduction cascade, which is the most frequently compromised (10 genes) process in CDs. Another 7 CD-associated proteins are required for transport processes towards or through the connecting cilium. The remaining CD-associated proteins are involved in cell membrane morphogenesis and maintenance, synaptic transduction, and the retinoid cycle. Further novel genes are likely to be identified in the near future by combining large-scale DNA sequencing and transcriptomics technologies. For 31 of 42 CD-associated genes, mammalian models are available, 14 of which have successfully been used for gene augmentation studies. However, gene augmentation for CDs should ideally be developed in large mammalian models with cone-rich areas, which are currently available for only 11 CD genes. Future research will aim to elucidate the remaining causative genes, identify the molecular mechanisms of CD, and develop novel therapies aimed at preventing vision loss in individuals with CD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Roosing
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carel B Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology Erasmus Medical Centre, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans P M Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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48
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Wheway G, Parry DA, Johnson CA. The role of primary cilia in the development and disease of the retina. Organogenesis 2014; 10:69-85. [PMID: 24162842 PMCID: PMC4049897 DOI: 10.4161/org.26710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The normal development and function of photoreceptors is essential for eye health and visual acuity in vertebrates. Mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in photoreceptor development and function are associated with a suite of inherited retinal dystrophies, often as part of complex multi-organ syndromic conditions. In this review, we focus on the role of the photoreceptor outer segment, a highly modified and specialized primary cilium, in retinal health and disease. We discuss the many defects in the structure and function of the photoreceptor primary cilium that can cause a class of inherited conditions known as ciliopathies, often characterized by retinal dystrophy and degeneration, and highlight the recent insights into disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Wheway
- Section of Ophthalmology and Neurosciences; Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine; The University of Leeds; Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - David A Parry
- Section of Genetics; Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine; The University of Leeds; Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Colin A Johnson
- Section of Ophthalmology and Neurosciences; Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine; The University of Leeds; Leeds, United Kingdom
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49
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Yang Y, Roine N, Mäkelä TP. CCRK depletion inhibits glioblastoma cell proliferation in a cilium-dependent manner. EMBO Rep 2013; 14:741-7. [PMID: 23743448 DOI: 10.1038/embor.2013.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of primary cilia is frequently observed in tumour cells, including glioblastoma cells, and proposed to benefit tumour growth, but a causal link has not been established. Here, we show that CCRK (cell cycle-related kinase) and its substrate ICK (intestinal cell kinase) inhibit ciliogenesis. Depletion of CCRK leads to accumulation of ICK at ciliary tips, altered ciliary transport and inhibition of cell cycle re-entry in NIH3T3 fibroblasts. In glioblastoma cells with deregulated high levels of CCRK, its depletion restores cilia through ICK and an ICK-related kinase MAK, thereby inhibiting glioblastoma cell proliferation. These results indicate that inhibition of ciliogenesis might be a mechanism used by cancer cells to provide a growth advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00790, Finland
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50
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Tiwari S, Hudson S, Gattone VH, Miller C, Chernoff EAG, Belecky-Adams TL. Meckelin 3 is necessary for photoreceptor outer segment development in rat Meckel syndrome. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59306. [PMID: 23516626 PMCID: PMC3596335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciliopathies lead to multiorgan pathologies that include renal cysts, deafness, obesity and retinal degeneration. Retinal photoreceptors have connecting cilia joining the inner and outer segment that are responsible for transport of molecules to develop and maintain the outer segment process. The present study evaluated meckelin (MKS3) expression during outer segment genesis and determined the consequences of mutant meckelin on photoreceptor development and survival in Wistar polycystic kidney disease Wpk/Wpk rat using immunohistochemistry, analysis of cell death and electron microscopy. MKS3 was ubiquitously expressed throughout the retina at postnatal day 10 (P10) and P21. However, in the mature retina, MKS3 expression was restricted to photoreceptors and the retinal ganglion cell layer. At P10, both the wild type and homozygous Wpk mutant retina had all retinal cell types. In contrast, by P21, cells expressing rod- and cone-specific markers were fewer in number and expression of opsins appeared to be abnormally localized to the cell body. Cell death analyses were consistent with the disappearance of photoreceptor-specific markers and showed that the cells were undergoing caspase-dependent cell death. By electron microscopy, P10 photoreceptors showed rudimentary outer segments with an axoneme, but did not develop outer segment discs that were clearly present in the wild type counterpart. At p21 the mutant outer segments appeared much the same as the P10 mutant outer segments with only a short axoneme, while the wild-type controls had developed outer segments with many well-organized discs. We conclude that MKS3 is not important for formation of connecting cilium and rudimentary outer segments, but is critical for the maturation of outer segment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Tiwari
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Scott Hudson
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Vincent H. Gattone
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Caroline Miller
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Ellen A. G. Chernoff
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Teri L. Belecky-Adams
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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