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Bonnemaijer PWM, Leeuwen EMV, Iglesias AI, Gharahkhani P, Vitart V, Khawaja AP, Simcoe M, Höhn R, Cree AJ, Igo RP, Gerhold-Ay A, Nickels S, Wilson JF, Hayward C, Boutin TS, Polašek O, Aung T, Khor CC, Amin N, Lotery AJ, Wiggs JL, Cheng CY, Hysi PG, Hammond CJ, Thiadens AAHJ, MacGregor S, Klaver CCW, Duijn CMV. Multi-trait genome-wide association study identifies new loci associated with optic disc parameters. Commun Biol 2019; 2:435. [PMID: 31798171 PMCID: PMC6881308 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A new avenue of mining published genome-wide association studies includes the joint analysis of related traits. The power of this approach depends on the genetic correlation of traits, which reflects the number of pleiotropic loci, i.e. genetic loci influencing multiple traits. Here, we applied new meta-analyses of optic nerve head (ONH) related traits implicated in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG); intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness using Haplotype reference consortium imputations. We performed a multi-trait analysis of ONH parameters cup area, disc area and vertical cup-disc ratio. We uncover new variants; rs11158547 in PPP1R36-PLEKHG3 and rs1028727 near SERPINE3 at genome-wide significance that replicate in independent Asian cohorts imputed to 1000 Genomes. At this point, validation of these variants in POAG cohorts is hampered by the high degree of heterogeneity. Our results show that multi-trait analysis is a valid approach to identify novel pleiotropic variants for ONH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter W. M. Bonnemaijer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M. van Leeuwen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriana I. Iglesias
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Puya Gharahkhani
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Veronique Vitart
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anthony P. Khawaja
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Mark Simcoe
- Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - René Höhn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Angela J. Cree
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Rob P. Igo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Aslihan Gerhold-Ay
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Nickels
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - James F. Wilson
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, The Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thibaud S. Boutin
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ozren Polašek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew J. Lotery
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Janey L. Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pirro G. Hysi
- Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Alberta A. H. J. Thiadens
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Caroline C. W. Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Nuffield Department of Public Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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2
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Warrington NM, Beaumont RN, Horikoshi M, Day FR, Helgeland Ø, Laurin C, Bacelis J, Peng S, Hao K, Feenstra B, Wood AR, Mahajan A, Tyrrell J, Robertson NR, Rayner NW, Qiao Z, Moen GH, Vaudel M, Marsit CJ, Chen J, Nodzenski M, Schnurr TM, Zafarmand MH, Bradfield JP, Grarup N, Kooijman MN, Li-Gao R, Geller F, Ahluwalia TS, Paternoster L, Rueedi R, Huikari V, Hottenga JJ, Lyytikäinen LP, Cavadino A, Metrustry S, Cousminer DL, Wu Y, Thiering E, Wang CA, Have CT, Vilor-Tejedor N, Joshi PK, Painter JN, Ntalla I, Myhre R, Pitkänen N, van Leeuwen EM, Joro R, Lagou V, Richmond RC, Espinosa A, Barton SJ, Inskip HM, Holloway JW, Santa-Marina L, Estivill X, Ang W, Marsh JA, Reichetzeder C, Marullo L, Hocher B, Lunetta KL, Murabito JM, Relton CL, Kogevinas M, Chatzi L, Allard C, Bouchard L, Hivert MF, Zhang G, Muglia LJ, Heikkinen J, Morgen CS, van Kampen AHC, van Schaik BDC, Mentch FD, Langenberg C, Luan J, Scott RA, Zhao JH, Hemani G, Ring SM, Bennett AJ, Gaulton KJ, Fernandez-Tajes J, van Zuydam NR, Medina-Gomez C, de Haan HG, Rosendaal FR, Kutalik Z, Marques-Vidal P, Das S, Willemsen G, Mbarek H, Müller-Nurasyid M, Standl M, Appel EVR, Fonvig CE, Trier C, van Beijsterveldt CEM, Murcia M, Bustamante M, Bonas-Guarch S, Hougaard DM, Mercader JM, Linneberg A, Schraut KE, Lind PA, Medland SE, Shields BM, Knight BA, Chai JF, Panoutsopoulou K, Bartels M, Sánchez F, Stokholm J, Torrents D, Vinding RK, Willems SM, Atalay M, Chawes BL, Kovacs P, Prokopenko I, Tuke MA, Yaghootkar H, Ruth KS, Jones SE, Loh PR, Murray A, Weedon MN, Tönjes A, Stumvoll M, Michaelsen KF, Eloranta AM, Lakka TA, van Duijn CM, Kiess W, Körner A, Niinikoski H, Pahkala K, Raitakari OT, Jacobsson B, Zeggini E, Dedoussis GV, Teo YY, Saw SM, Montgomery GW, Campbell H, Wilson JF, Vrijkotte TGM, Vrijheid M, de Geus EJCN, Hayes MG, Kadarmideen HN, Holm JC, Beilin LJ, Pennell CE, Heinrich J, Adair LS, Borja JB, Mohlke KL, Eriksson JG, Widén EE, Hattersley AT, Spector TD, Kähönen M, Viikari JS, Lehtimäki T, Boomsma DI, Sebert S, Vollenweider P, Sørensen TIA, Bisgaard H, Bønnelykke K, Murray JC, Melbye M, Nohr EA, Mook-Kanamori DO, Rivadeneira F, Hofman A, Felix JF, Jaddoe VWV, Hansen T, Pisinger C, Vaag AA, Pedersen O, Uitterlinden AG, Järvelin MR, Power C, Hyppönen E, Scholtens DM, Lowe WL, Davey Smith G, Timpson NJ, Morris AP, Wareham NJ, Hakonarson H, Grant SFA, Frayling TM, Lawlor DA, Njølstad PR, Johansson S, Ong KK, McCarthy MI, Perry JRB, Evans DM, Freathy RM. Maternal and fetal genetic effects on birth weight and their relevance to cardio-metabolic risk factors. Nat Genet 2019; 51:804-814. [PMID: 31043758 PMCID: PMC6522365 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0403-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Birth weight variation is influenced by fetal and maternal genetic and non-genetic factors, and has been reproducibly associated with future cardio-metabolic health outcomes. In expanded genome-wide association analyses of own birth weight (n = 321,223) and offspring birth weight (n = 230,069 mothers), we identified 190 independent association signals (129 of which are novel). We used structural equation modeling to decompose the contributions of direct fetal and indirect maternal genetic effects, then applied Mendelian randomization to illuminate causal pathways. For example, both indirect maternal and direct fetal genetic effects drive the observational relationship between lower birth weight and higher later blood pressure: maternal blood pressure-raising alleles reduce offspring birth weight, but only direct fetal effects of these alleles, once inherited, increase later offspring blood pressure. Using maternal birth weight-lowering genotypes to proxy for an adverse intrauterine environment provided no evidence that it causally raises offspring blood pressure, indicating that the inverse birth weight-blood pressure association is attributable to genetic effects, and not to intrauterine programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Warrington
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robin N Beaumont
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Momoko Horikoshi
- RIKEN Centre for Integrative Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Kidney Diseases, Yokohama, Japan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Felix R Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Øyvind Helgeland
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Domain of Health Data and Digitalisation, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Charles Laurin
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jonas Bacelis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shouneng Peng
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bjarke Feenstra
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter, Truro, UK
| | - Neil R Robertson
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - N William Rayner
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Zhen Qiao
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gunn-Helen Moen
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marc Vaudel
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Nodzenski
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Theresia M Schnurr
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mohammad H Zafarmand
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathan P Bradfield
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Quantinuum Research, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marjolein N Kooijman
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ruifang Li-Gao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Geller
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tarunveer S Ahluwalia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Lavinia Paternoster
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rico Rueedi
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ville Huikari
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Alana Cavadino
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Metrustry
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Diana L Cousminer
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elisabeth Thiering
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Carol A Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christian T Have
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Natalia Vilor-Tejedor
- Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelonabeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jodie N Painter
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ronny Myhre
- Department of Genes and Environment, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Niina Pitkänen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Elisabeth M van Leeuwen
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Raimo Joro
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vasiliki Lagou
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rebecca C Richmond
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ana Espinosa
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sheila J Barton
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Hazel M Inskip
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - John W Holloway
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Loreto Santa-Marina
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Subdirección de Salud Pública y Adicciones de Gipuzkoa, San Sebastián, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Xavier Estivill
- Sidra Medicine Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Genomics Unit, Dexeus Woman's Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wei Ang
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Julie A Marsh
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Letizia Marullo
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Genetic Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Berthold Hocher
- Fifth Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Joanne M Murabito
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline L Relton
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Catherine Allard
- Centre de recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luigi Bouchard
- Centre de recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- ECOGENE-21 and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ge Zhang
- Human Genetics Division, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Louis J Muglia
- Human Genetics Division, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jani Heikkinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Camilla S Morgen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Antoine H C van Kampen
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Biosystems Data Analysis, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Barbera D C van Schaik
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frank D Mentch
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gibran Hemani
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Susan M Ring
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Amanda J Bennett
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kyle J Gaulton
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Natalie R van Zuydam
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hugoline G de Haan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Zoltán Kutalik
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shikta Das
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hamdi Mbarek
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Emil V R Appel
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cilius E Fonvig
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Caecilie Trier
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
| | | | - Mario Murcia
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Joint Research Unit of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sílvia Bonas-Guarch
- Joint BSC-CGR-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David M Hougaard
- Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Josep M Mercader
- Joint BSC-CGR-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Katharina E Schraut
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Penelope A Lind
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Beverley M Shields
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter College of Medicine and Health and Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Bridget A Knight
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter College of Medicine and Health and Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Jin-Fang Chai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Friman Sánchez
- Joint BSC-CGR-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Computer Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Torrents
- Joint BSC-CGR-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebecca K Vinding
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara M Willems
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mustafa Atalay
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Bo L Chawes
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Kovacs
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Section of Genomics of Common Disease, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marcus A Tuke
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Katherine S Ruth
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Po-Ru Loh
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Murray
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Medical Department, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Medical Department, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kim F Michaelsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aino-Maija Eloranta
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Pediatric Research Center, Department of Women's andChild Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Pediatric Research Center, Department of Women's andChild Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Bo Jacobsson
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Domain of Health Data and Digitalisation, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - George V Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Yik-Ying Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seang-Mei Saw
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Harry Campbell
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James F Wilson
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tanja G M Vrijkotte
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eco J C N de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Geoffrey Hayes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Haja N Kadarmideen
- Quantitative and Systems Genomics Group, Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens-Christian Holm
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Lawrence J Beilin
- School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational Social and Environmental Medicine, Inner City Clinic, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Linda S Adair
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Judith B Borja
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisabeth E Widén
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter College of Medicine and Health and Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma S Viikari
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Genomics of Complex Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey C Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mads Melbye
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ellen A Nohr
- Research Unit for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Janine F Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotta Pisinger
- Research Center for Prevention and Health, Center for Sundhed, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Copenhagen University, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Allan A Vaag
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Translational Medicine Unit, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Christine Power
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Denise M Scholtens
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - William L Lowe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Debbie A Lawlor
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Pål R Njølstad
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stefan Johansson
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - David M Evans
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Rachel M Freathy
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK.
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Iglesias AI, Mishra A, Vitart V, Bykhovskaya Y, Höhn R, Springelkamp H, Cuellar-Partida G, Gharahkhani P, Bailey JNC, Willoughby CE, Li X, Yazar S, Nag A, Khawaja AP, Polašek O, Siscovick D, Mitchell P, Tham YC, Haines JL, Kearns LS, Hayward C, Shi Y, van Leeuwen EM, Taylor KD, Bonnemaijer P, Rotter JI, Martin NG, Zeller T, Mills RA, Souzeau E, Staffieri SE, Jonas JB, Schmidtmann I, Boutin T, Kang JH, Lucas SEM, Wong TY, Beutel ME, Wilson JF, Uitterlinden AG, Vithana EN, Foster PJ, Hysi PG, Hewitt AW, Khor CC, Pasquale LR, Montgomery GW, Klaver CCW, Aung T, Pfeiffer N, Mackey DA, Hammond CJ, Cheng CY, Craig JE, Rabinowitz YS, Wiggs JL, Burdon KP, van Duijn CM, MacGregor S. Author Correction: Cross-ancestry genome-wide association analysis of corneal thickness strengthens link between complex and Mendelian eye diseases. Nat Commun 2019; 10:155. [PMID: 30622277 PMCID: PMC6325104 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07819-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana I Iglesias
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aniket Mishra
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR 1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Veronique Vitart
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH42XU, UK
| | - Yelena Bykhovskaya
- Regenerative Medicine Institute and Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,Cornea Genetic Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - René Höhn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Henriët Springelkamp
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Cuellar-Partida
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Puya Gharahkhani
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Jessica N Cooke Bailey
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Colin E Willoughby
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK.,Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT12 6BA, UK
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90509, USA.,Division of Genomic Outcomes, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Seyhan Yazar
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH42XU, UK.,Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, WA, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Abhishek Nag
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Anthony P Khawaja
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Ozren Polašek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, HR-21000, Split, Croatia
| | - David Siscovick
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Washington, WA, 98101, USA.,The New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Yih Chung Tham
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Lisa S Kearns
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH42XU, UK
| | - Yuan Shi
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
| | | | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90509, USA.,Division of Genomic Outcomes, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | | | - Pieter Bonnemaijer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90509, USA.,Division of Genomic Outcomes, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Richard A Mills
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Emmanuelle Souzeau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Sandra E Staffieri
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Irene Schmidtmann
- Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thibaud Boutin
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH42XU, UK
| | - Jae H Kang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sionne E M Lucas
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7005, Australia
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 168751, Singapore.,Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Manfred E Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - James F Wilson
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH42XU, UK.,Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | | | | | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, 2593 HW, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Eranga N Vithana
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
| | - Paul J Foster
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Pirro G Hysi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia.,School of Medicine, Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7005, Australia
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Louis R Pasquale
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 168751, Singapore.,Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - David A Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, WA, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Christopher J Hammond
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 168751, Singapore.,Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Jamie E Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Yaron S Rabinowitz
- Regenerative Medicine Institute and Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,Cornea Genetic Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Janey L Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Kathryn P Burdon
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7005, Australia
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia.
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4
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Franceschini N, Giambartolomei C, de Vries PS, Finan C, Bis JC, Huntley RP, Lovering RC, Tajuddin SM, Winkler TW, Graff M, Kavousi M, Dale C, Smith AV, Hofer E, van Leeuwen EM, Nolte IM, Lu L, Scholz M, Sargurupremraj M, Pitkänen N, Franzén O, Joshi PK, Noordam R, Marioni RE, Hwang SJ, Musani SK, Schminke U, Palmas W, Isaacs A, Correa A, Zonderman AB, Hofman A, Teumer A, Cox AJ, Uitterlinden AG, Wong A, Smit AJ, Newman AB, Britton A, Ruusalepp A, Sennblad B, Hedblad B, Pasaniuc B, Penninx BW, Langefeld CD, Wassel CL, Tzourio C, Fava C, Baldassarre D, O'Leary DH, Teupser D, Kuh D, Tremoli E, Mannarino E, Grossi E, Boerwinkle E, Schadt EE, Ingelsson E, Veglia F, Rivadeneira F, Beutner F, Chauhan G, Heiss G, Snieder H, Campbell H, Völzke H, Markus HS, Deary IJ, Jukema JW, de Graaf J, Price J, Pott J, Hopewell JC, Liang J, Thiery J, Engmann J, Gertow K, Rice K, Taylor KD, Dhana K, Kiemeney LALM, Lind L, Raffield LM, Launer LJ, Holdt LM, Dörr M, Dichgans M, Traylor M, Sitzer M, Kumari M, Kivimaki M, Nalls MA, Melander O, Raitakari O, Franco OH, Rueda-Ochoa OL, Roussos P, Whincup PH, Amouyel P, Giral P, Anugu P, Wong Q, Malik R, Rauramaa R, Burkhardt R, Hardy R, Schmidt R, de Mutsert R, Morris RW, Strawbridge RJ, Wannamethee SG, Hägg S, Shah S, McLachlan S, Trompet S, Seshadri S, Kurl S, Heckbert SR, Ring S, Harris TB, Lehtimäki T, Galesloot TE, Shah T, de Faire U, Plagnol V, Rosamond WD, Post W, Zhu X, Zhang X, Guo X, Saba Y, Dehghan A, Seldenrijk A, Morrison AC, Hamsten A, Psaty BM, van Duijn CM, Lawlor DA, Mook-Kanamori DO, Bowden DW, Schmidt H, Wilson JF, Wilson JG, Rotter JI, Wardlaw JM, Deanfield J, Halcox J, Lyytikäinen LP, Loeffler M, Evans MK, Debette S, Humphries SE, Völker U, Gudnason V, Hingorani AD, Björkegren JLM, Casas JP, O'Donnell CJ. GWAS and colocalization analyses implicate carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaque loci in cardiovascular outcomes. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5141. [PMID: 30510157 PMCID: PMC6277418 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07340-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotid artery intima media thickness (cIMT) and carotid plaque are measures of subclinical atherosclerosis associated with ischemic stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD). Here, we undertake meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in 71,128 individuals for cIMT, and 48,434 individuals for carotid plaque traits. We identify eight novel susceptibility loci for cIMT, one independent association at the previously-identified PINX1 locus, and one novel locus for carotid plaque. Colocalization analysis with nearby vascular expression quantitative loci (cis-eQTLs) derived from arterial wall and metabolic tissues obtained from patients with CHD identifies candidate genes at two potentially additional loci, ADAMTS9 and LOXL4. LD score regression reveals significant genetic correlations between cIMT and plaque traits, and both cIMT and plaque with CHD, any stroke subtype and ischemic stroke. Our study provides insights into genes and tissue-specific regulatory mechanisms linking atherosclerosis both to its functional genomic origins and its clinical consequences in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Claudia Giambartolomei
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chris Finan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, WC1 6BT, UK
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Rachael P Huntley
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, WC1 6BT, UK
| | - Ruth C Lovering
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, WC1 6BT, UK
| | - Salman M Tajuddin
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Thomas W Winkler
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | - Misa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Dale
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, IS-201, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Edith Hofer
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | | | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 3015, The Netherlands
| | - Lingyi Lu
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, , University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
| | - Muralidharan Sargurupremraj
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Niina Pitkänen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Oscar Franzén
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Clinical Gene Networks AB, Stockholm, 104 62, Sweden
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300, RC, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, NIH, Framingham, MA, 01702-5827, USA
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Intramural Research Program, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, 01702-5827, USA
| | - Solomon K Musani
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Ulf Schminke
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Walter Palmas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229, The Netherlands
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Amanda J Cox
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 25157, USA
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Andries J Smit
- Department of Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 2300, The Netherlands
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, and School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Annie Britton
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Arno Ruusalepp
- Clinical Gene Networks AB, Stockholm, 104 62, Sweden
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translation Medicine, University of Tartu, Biomeedikum, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Bengt Sennblad
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75108, Sweden
| | - Bo Hedblad
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, SE-205 02, Sweden
| | - Bogdan Pasaniuc
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Brenda W Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1081, HL, The Netherlands
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | | | - Christophe Tzourio
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cristiano Fava
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, SE-205 02, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Damiano Baldassarre
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, 20138, Italy
| | - Daniel H O'Leary
- St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02135, USA
| | - Daniel Teupser
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, 80539, Germany
| | - Diana Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, 20138, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Elmo Mannarino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06123, Italy
| | - Enzo Grossi
- Centro Diagnostico Italiano, Milan, 20147, Italy
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030-3411, USA
| | - Eric E Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Clinical Gene Networks AB, Stockholm, 104 62, Sweden
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94309, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75185, Sweden
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, G1120, USA
| | | | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ganesh Chauhan
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Gerardo Heiss
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 3015, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Campbell
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Hugh S Markus
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300, RC, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline de Graaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525, GA, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Price
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Janne Pott
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, , University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
| | - Jemma C Hopewell
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Joachim Thiery
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04109, Germany
| | - Jorgen Engmann
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, WC1 6BT, UK
| | - Karl Gertow
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Klodian Dhana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Lambertus A L M Kiemeney
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, GA, 6525, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 751 05, Sweden
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lesca M Holdt
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, 80539, Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, 80539, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Matthew Traylor
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Matthias Sitzer
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, 60323, Germany
| | - Meena Kumari
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Institute for Social and Economic Research, Essex University, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, 20812, USA
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, SE-205 02, Sweden
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, 20521, Finland
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Oscar L Rueda-Ochoa
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
- Electrocardiography Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, 680003, Colombia
| | - Panos Roussos
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Peter H Whincup
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Inserm U1167, F-59000, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167, F-59000, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE & Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, U1167, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Giral
- Sorbonne Université, Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Pramod Anugu
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Quenna Wong
- Collaborative Health Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Rainer Malik
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, 80539, Germany
| | - Rainer Rauramaa
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, 70100, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
| | - Ralph Burkhardt
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04109, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | - Rebecca Hardy
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands
| | - Richard W Morris
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Rona J Strawbridge
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0XH, UK
| | - S Goya Wannamethee
- Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sara Hägg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Sonia Shah
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, WC1 6BT, UK
| | - Stela McLachlan
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300, RC, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300, RC, The Netherlands
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Sudhir Kurl
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, FI-70210, Finland
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Susan Ring
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1QU, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, 33014, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Tessel E Galesloot
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, GA, 6525, The Netherlands
| | - Tina Shah
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, WC1 6BT, UK
| | - Ulf de Faire
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, S-171 77, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, S-171 77, Sweden
| | - Vincent Plagnol
- Genetics Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Wayne D Rosamond
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Wendy Post
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Intramural Research Program, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, 01702-5827, USA
- Section of Biomedical Genetics, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Yasaman Saba
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Adrie Seldenrijk
- GGZ inGeest and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit and Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1QU, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - James F Wilson
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, and UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - John Deanfield
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, WC1 6BT, UK
| | - Julian Halcox
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, 33014, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, , University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Steve E Humphries
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Uwe Völker
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, IS-201, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Aroon D Hingorani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, WC1 6BT, UK
| | - Johan L M Björkegren
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Clinical Gene Networks AB, Stockholm, 104 62, Sweden.
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translation Medicine, University of Tartu, Biomeedikum, Tartu, 51010, Estonia.
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge, SE-141 57, Sweden.
| | - Juan P Casas
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- Intramural Administration Management Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- Cardiology Section, Boston Veteran's Administration Healthcare, Boston, MA, 02130, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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5
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Iotchkova V, Huang J, Morris JA, Jain D, Barbieri C, Walter K, Min JL, Chen L, Astle W, Cocca M, Deelen P, Elding H, Farmaki AE, Franklin CS, Franberg M, Gaunt TR, Hofman A, Jiang T, Kleber ME, Lachance G, Luan J, Malerba G, Matchan A, Mead D, Memari Y, Ntalla I, Panoutsopoulou K, Pazoki R, Perry JRB, Rivadeneira F, Sabater-Lleal M, Sennblad B, Shin SY, Southam L, Traglia M, van Dijk F, van Leeuwen EM, Zaza G, Zhang W, Amin N, Butterworth A, Chambers JC, Dedoussis G, Dehghan A, Franco OH, Franke L, Frontini M, Gambaro G, Gasparini P, Hamsten A, Isaacs A, Kooner JS, Kooperberg C, Langenberg C, Marz W, Scott RA, Swertz MA, Toniolo D, Uitterlinden AG, van Duijn CM, Watkins H, Zeggini E, Maurano MT, Timpson NJ, Reiner AP, Auer PL, Soranzo N. Author Correction: Discovery and refinement of genetic loci associated with cardiometabolic risk using dense imputation maps. Nat Genet 2018; 50:1752. [PMID: 30390057 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0276-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the version of the article published, the surname of author Aaron Isaacs is misspelled as Issacs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Iotchkova
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.,Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Jie Huang
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.,Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John A Morris
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Deepti Jain
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Caterina Barbieri
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.,Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Klaudia Walter
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Josine L Min
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lu Chen
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.,Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - William Astle
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Massimilian Cocca
- Medical Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Patrick Deelen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Heather Elding
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Aliki-Eleni Farmaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Mattias Franberg
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tom R Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Medical Clinic V (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Genevieve Lachance
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giovanni Malerba
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Angela Matchan
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Daniel Mead
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Yasin Memari
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.,William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Raha Pazoki
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John R B Perry
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.,MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Sabater-Lleal
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Sennblad
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - So-Youn Shin
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lorraine Southam
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Michela Traglia
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Freerk van Dijk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gianluigi Zaza
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, UK
| | | | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adam Butterworth
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, UK
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lude Franke
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mattia Frontini
- Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giovanni Gambaro
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Institute of Internal Medicine, Renal Program, Columbus-Gemelli University Hospital, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Gasparini
- Medical Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Experimental Genetics Division, Sidra, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Winfried Marz
- Medical Clinic V (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Synlab Academy, Synlab Holding Deutschland, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Morris A Swertz
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands.,LifeLines Cohort Study, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela Toniolo
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK.,Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Mathew T Maurano
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| | - Paul L Auer
- Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK. .,Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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6
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Tedja MS, Wojciechowski R, Hysi PG, Eriksson N, Furlotte NA, Verhoeven VJ, Iglesias AI, Meester-Smoor MA, Tompson SW, Fan Q, Khawaja AP, Cheng CY, Höhn R, Yamashiro K, Wenocur A, Grazal C, Haller T, Metspalu A, Wedenoja J, Jonas JB, Wang YX, Xie J, Mitchell P, Foster PJ, Klein BE, Klein R, Paterson AD, Hosseini SM, Shah RL, Williams C, Teo YY, Tham YC, Gupta P, Zhao W, Shi Y, Saw WY, Tai ES, Sim XL, Huffman JE, Polašek O, Hayward C, Bencic G, Rudan I, Wilson JF, Joshi PK, Tsujikawa A, Matsuda F, Whisenhunt KN, Zeller T, van der Spek PJ, Haak R, Meijers-Heijboer H, van Leeuwen EM, Iyengar SK, Lass JH, Hofman A, Rivadeneira F, Uitterlinden AG, Vingerling JR, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari OT, Biino G, Concas MP, Schwantes-An TH, Igo RP, Cuellar-Partida G, Martin NG, Craig JE, Gharahkhani P, Williams KM, Nag A, Rahi JS, Cumberland PM, Delcourt C, Bellenguez C, Ried JS, Bergen AA, Meitinger T, Gieger C, Wong TY, Hewitt AW, Mackey DA, Simpson CL, Pfeiffer N, Pärssinen O, Baird PN, Vitart V, Amin N, van Duijn CM, Bailey-Wilson JE, Young TL, Saw SM, Stambolian D, MacGregor S, Guggenheim JA, Tung JY, Hammond CJ, Klaver CC. Genome-wide association meta-analysis highlights light-induced signaling as a driver for refractive error. Nat Genet 2018; 50:834-848. [PMID: 29808027 PMCID: PMC5980758 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Refractive errors, including myopia, are the most frequent eye disorders worldwide and an increasingly common cause of blindness. This genome-wide association meta-analysis in 160,420 participants and replication in 95,505 participants increased the number of established independent signals from 37 to 161 and showed high genetic correlation between Europeans and Asians (>0.78). Expression experiments and comprehensive in silico analyses identified retinal cell physiology and light processing as prominent mechanisms, and also identified functional contributions to refractive-error development in all cell types of the neurosensory retina, retinal pigment epithelium, vascular endothelium and extracellular matrix. Newly identified genes implicate novel mechanisms such as rod-and-cone bipolar synaptic neurotransmission, anterior-segment morphology and angiogenesis. Thirty-one loci resided in or near regions transcribing small RNAs, thus suggesting a role for post-transcriptional regulation. Our results support the notion that refractive errors are caused by a light-dependent retina-to-sclera signaling cascade and delineate potential pathobiological molecular drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milly S. Tedja
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Wojciechowski
- Department of Epidemiology and Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pirro G. Hysi
- Section of Academic Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Virginie J.M. Verhoeven
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriana I. Iglesias
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Magda A. Meester-Smoor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stuart W. Tompson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Qiao Fan
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, DUKE-National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anthony P. Khawaja
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, DUKE-National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Ocular Epidemiology Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - René Höhn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kenji Yamashiro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Adam Wenocur
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Clare Grazal
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Toomas Haller
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Juho Wedenoja
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jost B. Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul J. Foster
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Barbara E.K. Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ronald Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Andrew D. Paterson
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S. Mohsen Hosseini
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rupal L. Shah
- School of Optometry & Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Cathy Williams
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Yik Ying Teo
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yih Chung Tham
- Ocular Epidemiology Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Preeti Gupta
- Department of Health Service Research, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Wanting Zhao
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, DUKE-National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Statistics Support Platform, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Yuan Shi
- Statistics Support Platform, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Woei-Yuh Saw
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - E-Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xue Ling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jennifer E. Huffman
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ozren Polašek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Goran Bencic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sisters of Mercy University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James F. Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | - Peter K. Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Akitaka Tsujikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kristina N. Whisenhunt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Roxanna Haak
- Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanne Meijers-Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M. van Leeuwen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sudha K. Iyengar
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Eye Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jonathan H. Lass
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Eye Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.HChan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, the Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, the Hague, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, the Hague, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ginevra Biino
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tae-Hwi Schwantes-An
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert P. Igo
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Nicholas G. Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jamie E. Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Puya Gharahkhani
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Katie M. Williams
- Section of Academic Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Abhishek Nag
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jugnoo S. Rahi
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Cécile Delcourt
- Université de Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team LEHA, UMR 1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Céline Bellenguez
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1167, RID-AGE - Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related diseases, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, U1167 - Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Janina S. Ried
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Arthur A. Bergen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences (NIN-KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Academic Medicine Research Institute, Singapore
- Retino Center, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alex W. Hewitt
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Menzies Institute of Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - David A. Mackey
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Menzies Institute of Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Claire L. Simpson
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tenessee
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Olavi Pärssinen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Paul N. Baird
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Joan E. Bailey-Wilson
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Terri L. Young
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Seang-Mei Saw
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Myopia Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Dwight Stambolian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - Christopher J. Hammond
- Section of Academic Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Caroline C.W. Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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7
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Iglesias AI, Mishra A, Vitart V, Bykhovskaya Y, Höhn R, Springelkamp H, Cuellar-Partida G, Gharahkhani P, Bailey JNC, Willoughby CE, Li X, Yazar S, Nag A, Khawaja AP, Polašek O, Siscovick D, Mitchell P, Tham YC, Haines JL, Kearns LS, Hayward C, Shi Y, van Leeuwen EM, Taylor KD, Bonnemaijer P, Rotter JI, Martin NG, Zeller T, Mills RA, Souzeau E, Staffieri SE, Jonas JB, Schmidtmann I, Boutin T, Kang JH, Lucas SEM, Wong TY, Beutel ME, Wilson JF, Uitterlinden AG, Vithana EN, Foster PJ, Hysi PG, Hewitt AW, Khor CC, Pasquale LR, Montgomery GW, Klaver CCW, Aung T, Pfeiffer N, Mackey DA, Hammond CJ, Cheng CY, Craig JE, Rabinowitz YS, Wiggs JL, Burdon KP, van Duijn CM, MacGregor S. Cross-ancestry genome-wide association analysis of corneal thickness strengthens link between complex and Mendelian eye diseases. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1864. [PMID: 29760442 PMCID: PMC5951816 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03646-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Central corneal thickness (CCT) is a highly heritable trait associated with complex eye diseases such as keratoconus and glaucoma. We perform a genome-wide association meta-analysis of CCT and identify 19 novel regions. In addition to adding support for known connective tissue-related pathways, pathway analyses uncover previously unreported gene sets. Remarkably, >20% of the CCT-loci are near or within Mendelian disorder genes. These included FBN1, ADAMTS2 and TGFB2 which associate with connective tissue disorders (Marfan, Ehlers-Danlos and Loeys-Dietz syndromes), and the LUM-DCN-KERA gene complex involved in myopia, corneal dystrophies and cornea plana. Using index CCT-increasing variants, we find a significant inverse correlation in effect sizes between CCT and keratoconus (r = -0.62, P = 5.30 × 10-5) but not between CCT and primary open-angle glaucoma (r = -0.17, P = 0.2). Our findings provide evidence for shared genetic influences between CCT and keratoconus, and implicate candidate genes acting in collagen and extracellular matrix regulation.
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MESH Headings
- ADAMTS Proteins/genetics
- ADAMTS Proteins/metabolism
- Asian People
- Cornea/abnormalities
- Cornea/metabolism
- Cornea/pathology
- Corneal Diseases/ethnology
- Corneal Diseases/genetics
- Corneal Diseases/metabolism
- Corneal Diseases/pathology
- Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary/ethnology
- Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary/genetics
- Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary/metabolism
- Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary/pathology
- Decorin/genetics
- Decorin/metabolism
- Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome/ethnology
- Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome/genetics
- Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome/metabolism
- Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome/pathology
- Eye Diseases, Hereditary/ethnology
- Eye Diseases, Hereditary/genetics
- Eye Diseases, Hereditary/metabolism
- Eye Diseases, Hereditary/pathology
- Fibrillin-1/genetics
- Fibrillin-1/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Genome, Human
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Glaucoma, Open-Angle/ethnology
- Glaucoma, Open-Angle/genetics
- Glaucoma, Open-Angle/metabolism
- Glaucoma, Open-Angle/pathology
- Humans
- Keratoconus/ethnology
- Keratoconus/genetics
- Keratoconus/metabolism
- Keratoconus/pathology
- Loeys-Dietz Syndrome/ethnology
- Loeys-Dietz Syndrome/genetics
- Loeys-Dietz Syndrome/metabolism
- Loeys-Dietz Syndrome/pathology
- Lumican/genetics
- Lumican/metabolism
- Marfan Syndrome/ethnology
- Marfan Syndrome/genetics
- Marfan Syndrome/metabolism
- Marfan Syndrome/pathology
- Mendelian Randomization Analysis
- Myopia/ethnology
- Myopia/genetics
- Myopia/metabolism
- Myopia/pathology
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Proteoglycans/genetics
- Proteoglycans/metabolism
- Quantitative Trait Loci
- Quantitative Trait, Heritable
- Transforming Growth Factor beta2/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta2/metabolism
- White People
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana I Iglesias
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aniket Mishra
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR 1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Veronique Vitart
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, EH42XU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yelena Bykhovskaya
- Regenerative Medicine Institute and Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, CA 90048, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Cornea Genetic Eye Institute, CA 90048, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - René Höhn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, CH-3010, Switzerland
| | - Henriët Springelkamp
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Cuellar-Partida
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, QLD 4029, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Puya Gharahkhani
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, QLD 4029, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jessica N Cooke Bailey
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, OH 44106, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Colin E Willoughby
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, BT52 1SA, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, BT12 6BA, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, CA, USA
- Division of Genomic Outcomes, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, CA, USA
| | - Seyhan Yazar
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, EH42XU, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Lions Eye Institute, WA 6009, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Abhishek Nag
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, WC2R 2LS, London, UK
| | - Anthony P Khawaja
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, CB2 0SR, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, EC1V 9EL, London, UK
| | - Ozren Polašek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, HR-21000, Split, Croatia
| | - David Siscovick
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, WA 98101, Washington, USA
- The New York Academy of Medicine, NY 10029, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, NSW 2145, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yih Chung Tham
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, 168751, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, OH 44106, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Lisa S Kearns
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, VIC 3002, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, EH42XU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yuan Shi
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, 168751, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, CA, USA
- Division of Genomic Outcomes, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, CA, USA
| | - Pieter Bonnemaijer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, CA, USA
- Division of Genomic Outcomes, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, QLD 4029, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Richard A Mills
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, SA 5042, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Emmanuelle Souzeau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, SA 5042, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sandra E Staffieri
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, VIC 3002, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Irene Schmidtmann
- Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thibaud Boutin
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, EH42XU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jae H Kang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, MA, USA
| | - Sionne E M Lucas
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, TAS, Australia
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, 168751, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Manfred E Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - James F Wilson
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, EH42XU, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, Edinburgh, UK
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, 2593 HW, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Eranga N Vithana
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, 168751, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul J Foster
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, EC1V 9EL, London, UK
| | - Pirro G Hysi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, WC2R 2LS, London, UK
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, VIC 3002, East Melbourne, Australia
- School of Medicine, Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, TAS, Australia
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Louis R Pasquale
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, MA, USA
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, QLD 4029, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, QLD 4067, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, 168751, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - David A Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Lions Eye Institute, WA 6009, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Christopher J Hammond
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, WC2R 2LS, London, UK
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, 168751, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Jamie E Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, SA 5042, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Yaron S Rabinowitz
- Regenerative Medicine Institute and Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, CA 90048, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Cornea Genetic Eye Institute, CA 90048, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Janey L Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn P Burdon
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, TAS, Australia
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, QLD 4029, Brisbane, Australia.
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8
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van Leeuwen EM, Emri E, Merle BMJ, Colijn JM, Kersten E, Cougnard-Gregoire A, Dammeier S, Meester-Smoor M, Pool FM, de Jong EK, Delcourt C, Rodrigez-Bocanegra E, Biarnés M, Luthert PJ, Ueffing M, Klaver CCW, Nogoceke E, den Hollander AI, Lengyel I. A new perspective on lipid research in age-related macular degeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2018; 67:56-86. [PMID: 29729972 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgency to find new treatment strategies that could prevent or delay the onset or progression of AMD. Different classes of lipids and lipoproteins metabolism genes have been associated with AMD in a multiple ways, but despite the ever-increasing knowledge base, we still do not understand fully how circulating lipids or local lipid metabolism contribute to AMD. It is essential to clarify whether dietary lipids, systemic or local lipoprotein metabolismtrafficking of lipids in the retina should be targeted in the disease. In this article, we critically evaluate what has been reported in the literature and identify new directions needed to bring about a significant advance in our understanding of the role for lipids in AMD. This may help to develop potential new treatment strategies through targeting the lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M van Leeuwen
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eszter Emri
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Benedicte M J Merle
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team LEHA, UMR 1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Johanna M Colijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline Kersten
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Audrey Cougnard-Gregoire
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team LEHA, UMR 1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sascha Dammeier
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Magda Meester-Smoor
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Eiko K de Jong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cécile Delcourt
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team LEHA, UMR 1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | - Marius Ueffing
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Everson Nogoceke
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Imre Lengyel
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
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9
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Scott RA, Scott LJ, Mägi R, Marullo L, Gaulton KJ, Kaakinen M, Pervjakova N, Pers TH, Johnson AD, Eicher JD, Jackson AU, Ferreira T, Lee Y, Ma C, Steinthorsdottir V, Thorleifsson G, Qi L, Van Zuydam NR, Mahajan A, Chen H, Almgren P, Voight BF, Grallert H, Müller-Nurasyid M, Ried JS, Rayner NW, Robertson N, Karssen LC, van Leeuwen EM, Willems SM, Fuchsberger C, Kwan P, Teslovich TM, Chanda P, Li M, Lu Y, Dina C, Thuillier D, Yengo L, Jiang L, Sparso T, Kestler HA, Chheda H, Eisele L, Gustafsson S, Frånberg M, Strawbridge RJ, Benediktsson R, Hreidarsson AB, Kong A, Sigurðsson G, Kerrison ND, Luan J, Liang L, Meitinger T, Roden M, Thorand B, Esko T, Mihailov E, Fox C, Liu CT, Rybin D, Isomaa B, Lyssenko V, Tuomi T, Couper DJ, Pankow JS, Grarup N, Have CT, Jørgensen ME, Jørgensen T, Linneberg A, Cornelis MC, van Dam RM, Hunter DJ, Kraft P, Sun Q, Edkins S, Owen KR, Perry JRB, Wood AR, Zeggini E, Tajes-Fernandes J, Abecasis GR, Bonnycastle LL, Chines PS, Stringham HM, Koistinen HA, Kinnunen L, Sennblad B, Mühleisen TW, Nöthen MM, Pechlivanis S, Baldassarre D, Gertow K, Humphries SE, Tremoli E, Klopp N, Meyer J, Steinbach G, Wennauer R, Eriksson JG, Mӓnnistö S, Peltonen L, Tikkanen E, Charpentier G, Eury E, Lobbens S, Gigante B, Leander K, McLeod O, Bottinger EP, Gottesman O, Ruderfer D, Blüher M, Kovacs P, Tonjes A, Maruthur NM, Scapoli C, Erbel R, Jöckel KH, Moebus S, de Faire U, Hamsten A, Stumvoll M, Deloukas P, Donnelly PJ, Frayling TM, Hattersley AT, Ripatti S, Salomaa V, Pedersen NL, Boehm BO, Bergman RN, Collins FS, Mohlke KL, Tuomilehto J, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Barroso I, Lannfelt L, Ingelsson E, Lind L, Lindgren CM, Cauchi S, Froguel P, Loos RJF, Balkau B, Boeing H, Franks PW, Barricarte Gurrea A, Palli D, van der Schouw YT, Altshuler D, Groop LC, Langenberg C, Wareham NJ, Sijbrands E, van Duijn CM, Florez JC, Meigs JB, Boerwinkle E, Gieger C, Strauch K, Metspalu A, Morris AD, Palmer CNA, Hu FB, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K, Dupuis J, Morris AP, Boehnke M, McCarthy MI, Prokopenko I. An Expanded Genome-Wide Association Study of Type 2 Diabetes in Europeans. Diabetes 2017; 66:2888-2902. [PMID: 28566273 PMCID: PMC5652602 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To characterize type 2 diabetes (T2D)-associated variation across the allele frequency spectrum, we conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association data from 26,676 T2D case and 132,532 control subjects of European ancestry after imputation using the 1000 Genomes multiethnic reference panel. Promising association signals were followed up in additional data sets (of 14,545 or 7,397 T2D case and 38,994 or 71,604 control subjects). We identified 13 novel T2D-associated loci (P < 5 × 10-8), including variants near the GLP2R, GIP, and HLA-DQA1 genes. Our analysis brought the total number of independent T2D associations to 128 distinct signals at 113 loci. Despite substantially increased sample size and more complete coverage of low-frequency variation, all novel associations were driven by common single nucleotide variants. Credible sets of potentially causal variants were generally larger than those based on imputation with earlier reference panels, consistent with resolution of causal signals to common risk haplotypes. Stratification of T2D-associated loci based on T2D-related quantitative trait associations revealed tissue-specific enrichment of regulatory annotations in pancreatic islet enhancers for loci influencing insulin secretion and in adipocytes, monocytes, and hepatocytes for insulin action-associated loci. These findings highlight the predominant role played by common variants of modest effect and the diversity of biological mechanisms influencing T2D pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Laura J Scott
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Letizia Marullo
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Kyle J Gaulton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Marika Kaakinen
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | | | - Tune H Pers
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrew D Johnson
- Framingham Heart Study, Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA
| | - John D Eicher
- Framingham Heart Study, Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Teresa Ferreira
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Yeji Lee
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Clement Ma
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | | | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Natalie R Van Zuydam
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Pat Macpherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics and Biomedical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Han Chen
- Human Genetics Center and Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
- Center for Precision Health, School Biomedical Informatics, and School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Peter Almgren
- Lund University Diabetes Centre and Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, University Hospital Scania, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ben F Voight
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Munich Heart Alliance, German Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Munich, Germany
| | - Janina S Ried
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nigel W Rayner
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, U.K
| | - Neil Robertson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Lennart C Karssen
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- PolyOmica, 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sara M Willems
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Phoenix Kwan
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Tanya M Teslovich
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Pritam Chanda
- High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Man Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yingchang Lu
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Christian Dina
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Dorothee Thuillier
- Lille Institute of Biology, European Genomics Institute of Diabetes, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Loic Yengo
- Lille Institute of Biology, European Genomics Institute of Diabetes, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Longda Jiang
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Thomas Sparso
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans A Kestler
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Himanshu Chheda
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lewin Eisele
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mattias Frånberg
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department for Numerical Analysis and Computer Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rona J Strawbridge
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rafn Benediktsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Landspítali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Gunnar Sigurðsson
- Landspítali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kópavogur, Iceland
| | | | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Munich Heart Alliance, German Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Division of Genetics and Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Caroline Fox
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Denis Rybin
- Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Bo Isomaa
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Social Services and Health Care, Jakobstad, Finland
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Lund University Diabetes Centre and Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, University Hospital Scania, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David J Couper
- Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian T Have
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Torben Jørgensen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marilyn C Cornelis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David J Hunter
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Katharine R Owen
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | | | | | - Goncalo R Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lori L Bonnycastle
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Peter S Chines
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Heather M Stringham
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Heikki A Koistinen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Kinnunen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bengt Sennblad
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas W Mühleisen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sonali Pechlivanis
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Damiano Baldassarre
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Karl Gertow
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steve E Humphries
- Cardiovascular Genetics, BHF Laboratories, Institute Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, U.K
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Norman Klopp
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Meyer
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gerald Steinbach
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Central Laboratory, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Roman Wennauer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Mӓnnistö
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Peltonen
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, U.K
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Emmi Tikkanen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Elodie Eury
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Stéphane Lobbens
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Bruna Gigante
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Leander
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga McLeod
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erwin P Bottinger
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Omri Gottesman
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Douglas Ruderfer
- Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Matthias Blüher
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anke Tonjes
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nisa M Maruthur
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- The Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Chiara Scapoli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Raimund Erbel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf de Faire
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Deloukas
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, U.K
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, U.K
| | - Peter J Donnelly
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, U.K
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Imperial College London and Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Richard N Bergman
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Francis S Collins
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
- Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
- Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inês Barroso
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, U.K
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Lars Lannfelt
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Lars Lind
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Stephane Cauchi
- Lille Institute of Biology, European Genomics Institute of Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Lille Institute of Biology, European Genomics Institute of Diabetes, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Beverley Balkau
- INSERM, CESP, UMR 1018, Villejuif, France
- University of Paris-Sud, UMR 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Heiner Boeing
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Paul W Franks
- Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Aurelio Barricarte Gurrea
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy
| | | | - David Altshuler
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Leif C Groop
- Lund University Diabetes Centre and Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, University Hospital Scania, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Eric Sijbrands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing and Center for Medical Systems Biology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jose C Florez
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - James B Meigs
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andrew D Morris
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Pat Macpherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics and Biomedical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K
- Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics, Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics, Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
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Springelkamp H, Iglesias AI, Mishra A, Höhn R, Wojciechowski R, Khawaja AP, Nag A, Wang YX, Wang JJ, Cuellar-Partida G, Gibson J, Bailey JNC, Vithana EN, Gharahkhani P, Boutin T, Ramdas WD, Zeller T, Luben RN, Yonova-Doing E, Viswanathan AC, Yazar S, Cree AJ, Haines JL, Koh JY, Souzeau E, Wilson JF, Amin N, Müller C, Venturini C, Kearns LS, Kang JH, Tham YC, Zhou T, van Leeuwen EM, Nickels S, Sanfilippo P, Liao J, van der Linde H, Zhao W, van Koolwijk LM, Zheng L, Rivadeneira F, Baskaran M, van der Lee SJ, Perera S, de Jong PT, Oostra BA, Uitterlinden AG, Fan Q, Hofman A, Tai ES, Vingerling JR, Sim X, Wolfs RC, Teo YY, Lemij HG, Khor CC, Willemsen R, Lackner KJ, Aung T, Jansonius NM, Montgomery G, Wild PS, Young TL, Burdon KP, Hysi PG, Pasquale LR, Wong TY, Klaver CC, Hewitt AW, Jonas JB, Mitchell P, Lotery AJ, Foster PJ, Vitart V, Pfeiffer N, Craig JE, Mackey DA, Hammond CJ, Wiggs JL, Cheng CY, van Duijn CM, MacGregor S. New insights into the genetics of primary open-angle glaucoma based on meta-analyses of intraocular pressure and optic disc characteristics. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:438-453. [PMID: 28073927 PMCID: PMC5968632 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), the most common optic neuropathy, is a heritable disease. Siblings of POAG cases have a ten-fold increased risk of developing the disease. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and optic nerve head characteristics are used clinically to predict POAG risk. We conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of IOP and optic disc parameters and validated our findings in multiple sets of POAG cases and controls. Using imputation to the 1000 genomes (1000G) reference set, we identified 9 new genomic regions associated with vertical cup-disc ratio (VCDR) and 1 new region associated with IOP. Additionally, we found 5 novel loci for optic nerve cup area and 6 for disc area. Previously it was assumed that genetic variation influenced POAG either through IOP or via changes to the optic nerve head; here we present evidence that some genomic regions affect both IOP and the disc parameters. We characterized the effect of the novel loci through pathway analysis and found that pathways involved are not entirely distinct as assumed so far. Further, we identified a novel association between CDKN1A and POAG. Using a zebrafish model we show that six6b (associated with POAG and optic nerve head variation) alters the expression of cdkn1a. In summary, we have identified several novel genes influencing the major clinical risk predictors of POAG and showed that genetic variation in CDKN1A is important in POAG risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriët Springelkamp
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Adriana I. Iglesias
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aniket Mishra
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, VU University, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - René Höhn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Robert Wojciechowski
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anthony P. Khawaja
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Abhishek Nag
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Jin Wang
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gabriel Cuellar-Partida
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jane Gibson
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jessica N. Cooke Bailey
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Eranga N. Vithana
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Puya Gharahkhani
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thibaud Boutin
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Wishal D. Ramdas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg, Luebeck, Kiel, Hamburg/Germany
| | - Robert N. Luben
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Ananth C. Viswanathan
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Seyhan Yazar
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Angela J. Cree
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jonathan L. Haines
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jia Yu Koh
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - James F. Wilson
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, The Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Müller
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg, Luebeck, Kiel, Hamburg/Germany
| | - Cristina Venturini
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Lisa S. Kearns
- Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jae Hee Kang
- Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Yih Chung Tham
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tiger Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Stefan Nickels
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul Sanfilippo
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jiemin Liao
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Herma van der Linde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wanting Zhao
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Li Zheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, the Hague, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sven J. van der Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Shamira Perera
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paulus T.V.M. de Jong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- The Netherlands Institute of Neuroscience KNAW, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ben A. Oostra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, the Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Qiao Fan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, the Hague, the Netherlands
| | - E-Shyong Tai
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger C.W. Wolfs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yik Ying Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hans G. Lemij
- Glaucoma Service, The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
| | - Rob Willemsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karl J. Lackner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nomdo M. Jansonius
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Grant Montgomery
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Philipp S. Wild
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine/Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany
| | - Terri L. Young
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kathryn P. Burdon
- School of Medicine, Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Pirro G. Hysi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Louis R. Pasquale
- Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA and
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Caroline C.W. Klaver
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alex W. Hewitt
- Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Medicine, Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Jost B. Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Lotery
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Paul J. Foster
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Veronique Vitart
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jamie E. Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - David A. Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Medicine, Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | | | - Janey L. Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA and
| | | | | | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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11
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Silva CT, Zorkoltseva IV, Amin N, Demirkan A, van Leeuwen EM, Kors JA, van den Berg M, Stricker BH, Uitterlinden AG, Kirichenko AV, Witteman JCM, Willemsen R, Oostra BA, Axenovich TI, van Duijn CM, Isaacs A. A Combined Linkage and Exome Sequencing Analysis for Electrocardiogram Parameters in the Erasmus Rucphen Family Study. Front Genet 2016; 7:190. [PMID: 27877193 PMCID: PMC5099142 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrocardiogram (ECG) measurements play a key role in the diagnosis and prediction of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. ECG parameters, such as the PR, QRS, and QT intervals, are known to be heritable and genome-wide association studies of these phenotypes have been successful in identifying common variants; however, a large proportion of the genetic variability of these traits remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to discover loci potentially harboring rare variants utilizing variance component linkage analysis in 1547 individuals from a large family-based study, the Erasmus Rucphen Family Study (ERF). Linked regions were further explored using exome sequencing. Five suggestive linkage peaks were identified: two for QT interval (1q24, LOD = 2.63; 2q34, LOD = 2.05), one for QRS interval (1p35, LOD = 2.52) and two for PR interval (9p22, LOD = 2.20; 14q11, LOD = 2.29). Fine-mapping using exome sequence data identified a C > G missense variant (c.713C > G, p.Ser238Cys) in the FCRL2 gene associated with QT (rs74608430; P = 2.8 × 10-4, minor allele frequency = 0.019). Heritability analysis demonstrated that the SNP explained 2.42% of the trait’s genetic variability in ERF (P = 0.02). Pathway analysis suggested that the gene is involved in cytosolic Ca2+ levels (P = 3.3 × 10-3) and AMPK stimulated fatty acid oxidation in muscle (P = 4.1 × 10-3). Look-ups in bioinformatics resources showed that expression of FCRL2 is associated with ARHGAP24 and SETBP1 expression. This finding was not replicated in the Rotterdam study. Combining the bioinformatics information with the association and linkage analyses, FCRL2 emerges as a strong candidate gene for QT interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia T Silva
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, Netherlands; Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del RosarioBogotá, Colombia; GENIUROS Group, Genetics and Genomics Research Center CIGGUR, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del RosarioBogotá, Colombia
| | - Irina V Zorkoltseva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Najaf Amin
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ayşe Demirkan
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M van Leeuwen
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan A Kors
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marten van den Berg
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bruno H Stricker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, Netherlands; Inspectorate of Health CareThe Hague, Netherlands
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anatoly V Kirichenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Rob Willemsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ben A Oostra
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, Netherlands; Center for Medical Systems BiologyLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Tatiana I Axenovich
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, Netherlands; Center for Medical Systems BiologyLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical CenterRotterdam, Netherlands; Center for Medical Systems BiologyLeiden, Netherlands
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12
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Horikoshi M, Beaumont RN, Day FR, Warrington NM, Kooijman MN, Fernandez-Tajes J, Feenstra B, van Zuydam NR, Gaulton KJ, Grarup N, Bradfield JP, Strachan DP, Li-Gao R, Ahluwalia TS, Kreiner E, Rueedi R, Lyytikäinen LP, Cousminer DL, Wu Y, Thiering E, Wang CA, Have CT, Hottenga JJ, Vilor-Tejedor N, Joshi PK, Boh ETH, Ntalla I, Pitkänen N, Mahajan A, van Leeuwen EM, Joro R, Lagou V, Nodzenski M, Diver LA, Zondervan KT, Bustamante M, Marques-Vidal P, Mercader JM, Bennett AJ, Rahmioglu N, Nyholt DR, Ma RCW, Tam CHT, Tam WH, Ganesh SK, van Rooij FJ, Jones SE, Loh PR, Ruth KS, Tuke MA, Tyrrell J, Wood AR, Yaghootkar H, Scholtens DM, Paternoster L, Prokopenko I, Kovacs P, Atalay M, Willems SM, Panoutsopoulou K, Wang X, Carstensen L, Geller F, Schraut KE, Murcia M, van Beijsterveldt CE, Willemsen G, Appel EVR, Fonvig CE, Trier C, Tiesler CM, Standl M, Kutalik Z, Bonas-Guarch S, Hougaard DM, Sánchez F, Torrents D, Waage J, Hollegaard MV, de Haan HG, Rosendaal FR, Medina-Gomez C, Ring SM, Hemani G, McMahon G, Robertson NR, Groves CJ, Langenberg C, Luan J, Scott RA, Zhao JH, Mentch FD, MacKenzie SM, Reynolds RM, Lowe WL, Tönjes A, Stumvoll M, Lindi V, Lakka TA, van Duijn CM, Kiess W, Körner A, Sørensen TI, Niinikoski H, Pahkala K, Raitakari OT, Zeggini E, Dedoussis GV, Teo YY, Saw SM, Melbye M, Campbell H, Wilson JF, Vrijheid M, de Geus EJ, Boomsma DI, Kadarmideen HN, Holm JC, Hansen T, Sebert S, Hattersley AT, Beilin LJ, Newnham JP, Pennell CE, Heinrich J, Adair LS, Borja JB, Mohlke KL, Eriksson JG, Widén EE, Kähönen M, Viikari JS, Lehtimäki T, Vollenweider P, Bønnelykke K, Bisgaard H, Mook-Kanamori DO, Hofman A, Rivadeneira F, Uitterlinden AG, Pisinger C, Pedersen O, Power C, Hyppönen E, Wareham NJ, Hakonarson H, Davies E, Walker BR, Jaddoe VW, Jarvelin MR, Grant SF, Vaag AA, Lawlor DA, Frayling TM, Davey Smith G, Morris AP, Ong KK, Felix JF, Timpson NJ, Perry JR, Evans DM, McCarthy MI, Freathy RM. Genome-wide associations for birth weight and correlations with adult disease. Nature 2016; 538:248-252. [PMID: 27680694 PMCID: PMC5164934 DOI: 10.1038/nature19806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Birth weight (BW) has been shown to be influenced by both fetal and maternal factors and in observational studies is reproducibly associated with future risk of adult metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease. These life-course associations have often been attributed to the impact of an adverse early life environment. Here, we performed a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of BW in 153,781 individuals, identifying 60 loci where fetal genotype was associated with BW (P < 5 × 10-8). Overall, approximately 15% of variance in BW was captured by assays of fetal genetic variation. Using genetic association alone, we found strong inverse genetic correlations between BW and systolic blood pressure (Rg = -0.22, P = 5.5 × 10-13), T2D (Rg = -0.27, P = 1.1 × 10-6) and coronary artery disease (Rg = -0.30, P = 6.5 × 10-9). In addition, using large -cohort datasets, we demonstrated that genetic factors were the major contributor to the negative covariance between BW and future cardiometabolic risk. Pathway analyses indicated that the protein products of genes within BW-associated regions were enriched for diverse processes including insulin signalling, glucose homeostasis, glycogen biosynthesis and chromatin remodelling. There was also enrichment of associations with BW in known imprinted regions (P = 1.9 × 10-4). We demonstrate that life-course associations between early growth phenotypes and adult cardiometabolic disease are in part the result of shared genetic effects and identify some of the pathways through which these causal genetic effects are mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Horikoshi
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robin N Beaumont
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Felix R Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicole M Warrington
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Marjolein N Kooijman
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Bjarke Feenstra
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Natalie R van Zuydam
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kyle J Gaulton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Niels Grarup
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonathan P Bradfield
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David P Strachan
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, Cranmer Terrace, UK
| | - Ruifang Li-Gao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tarunveer S Ahluwalia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Eskil Kreiner
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rico Rueedi
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Diana L Cousminer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elisabeth Thiering
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Carol A Wang
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Christian T Have
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Natalia Vilor-Tejedor
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Eileen Tai Hui Boh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Niina Pitkänen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elisabeth M van Leeuwen
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Raimo Joro
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vasiliki Lagou
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- KUL - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael Nodzenski
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Louise A Diver
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Krina T Zondervan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Josep M Mercader
- Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amanda J Bennett
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nilufer Rahmioglu
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dale R Nyholt
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ronald Ching Wan Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Claudia Ha Ting Tam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Hung Tam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Santhi K Ganesh
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Frank Ja van Rooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Po-Ru Loh
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine S Ruth
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Marcus A Tuke
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter, Truro, UK
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Denise M Scholtens
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Lavinia Paternoster
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Kovacs
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mustafa Atalay
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sara M Willems
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Xu Wang
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisbeth Carstensen
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frank Geller
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katharina E Schraut
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Mario Murcia
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Joint Research Unit of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emil V R Appel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cilius E Fonvig
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Caecilie Trier
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Carla Mt Tiesler
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Zoltán Kutalik
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sílvia Bonas-Guarch
- Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David M Hougaard
- Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Friman Sánchez
- Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Computer Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Torrents
- Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johannes Waage
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads V Hollegaard
- Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hugoline G de Haan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susan M Ring
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gibran Hemani
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - George McMahon
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Neil R Robertson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher J Groves
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frank D Mentch
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Scott M MacKenzie
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rebecca M Reynolds
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - William L Lowe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Medical Department, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Medical Department, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Virpi Lindi
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Pediatric Research Center, Department of Women´s & Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Pediatric Research Center, Department of Women´s & Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorkild Ia Sørensen
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - George V Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Yik-Ying Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seang-Mei Saw
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mads Melbye
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Harry Campbell
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - James F Wilson
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Eco Jcn de Geus
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University and VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Haja N Kadarmideen
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens-Christian Holm
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Lawrence J Beilin
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - John P Newnham
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Inner City Clinic, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Linda S Adair
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Judith B Borja
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc., University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisabeth E Widén
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hopital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma S Viikari
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Epidemiology Section, BESC Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Albert Hofman
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotta Pisinger
- Research Center for Prevention and Health Capital Region, Center for Sundhed, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Copenhagen University, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christine Power
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health Sciences, and Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eleanor Davies
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Brian R Walker
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Vincent Wv Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Struan Fa Grant
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Allan A Vaag
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Debbie A Lawlor
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Janine F Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - John Rb Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - David M Evans
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Rachel M Freathy
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Khera AV, Won HH, Peloso GM, Lawson KS, Bartz TM, Deng X, van Leeuwen EM, Natarajan P, Emdin CA, Bick AG, Morrison AC, Brody JA, Gupta N, Nomura A, Kessler T, Duga S, Bis JC, van Duijn CM, Cupples LA, Psaty B, Rader DJ, Danesh J, Schunkert H, McPherson R, Farrall M, Watkins H, Lander E, Wilson JG, Correa A, Boerwinkle E, Merlini PA, Ardissino D, Saleheen D, Gabriel S, Kathiresan S. Diagnostic Yield and Clinical Utility of Sequencing Familial Hypercholesterolemia Genes in Patients With Severe Hypercholesterolemia. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 67:2578-89. [PMID: 27050191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.03.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 626] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 7% of American adults have severe hypercholesterolemia (untreated low-density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol ≥190 mg/dl), which may be due to familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Lifelong LDL cholesterol elevations in FH mutation carriers may confer coronary artery disease (CAD) risk beyond that captured by a single LDL cholesterol measurement. OBJECTIVES This study assessed the prevalence of an FH mutation among those with severe hypercholesterolemia and determined whether CAD risk varies according to mutation status beyond the observed LDL cholesterol level. METHODS Three genes causative for FH (LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9) were sequenced in 26,025 participants from 7 case-control studies (5,540 CAD case subjects, 8,577 CAD-free control subjects) and 5 prospective cohort studies (11,908 participants). FH mutations included loss-of-function variants in LDLR, missense mutations in LDLR predicted to be damaging, and variants linked to FH in ClinVar, a clinical genetics database. RESULTS Among 20,485 CAD-free control and prospective cohort participants, 1,386 (6.7%) had LDL cholesterol ≥190 mg/dl; of these, only 24 (1.7%) carried an FH mutation. Within any stratum of observed LDL cholesterol, risk of CAD was higher among FH mutation carriers than noncarriers. Compared with a reference group with LDL cholesterol <130 mg/dl and no mutation, participants with LDL cholesterol ≥190 mg/dl and no FH mutation had a 6-fold higher risk for CAD (odds ratio: 6.0; 95% confidence interval: 5.2 to 6.9), whereas those with both LDL cholesterol ≥190 mg/dl and an FH mutation demonstrated a 22-fold increased risk (odds ratio: 22.3; 95% confidence interval: 10.7 to 53.2). In an analysis of participants with serial lipid measurements over many years, FH mutation carriers had higher cumulative exposure to LDL cholesterol than noncarriers. CONCLUSIONS Among participants with LDL cholesterol ≥190 mg/dl, gene sequencing identified an FH mutation in <2%. However, for any observed LDL cholesterol, FH mutation carriers had substantially increased risk for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit V Khera
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Hong-Hee Won
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gina M Peloso
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kim S Lawson
- Human Genetics Center and Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Traci M Bartz
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Xuan Deng
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Connor A Emdin
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Alexander G Bick
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center and Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Namrata Gupta
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Akihiro Nomura
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Thorsten Kessler
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, München, Germany, and Munich Heart Alliance, München, Germany
| | - Stefano Duga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy, and Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Departments of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John Danesh
- Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge and National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, München, Germany, and Munich Heart Alliance, München, Germany
| | | | - Martin Farrall
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and the Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and the Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Lander
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Jackson Heart Study, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center and Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Diego Ardissino
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, University of Parma, Parma, Italy, and ASTC: Associazione per lo Studio Della Trombosi in Cardiologia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stacey Gabriel
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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14
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van Leeuwen EM, Sabo A, Bis JC, Huffman JE, Manichaikul A, Smith AV, Feitosa MF, Demissie S, Joshi PK, Duan Q, Marten J, van Klinken JB, Surakka I, Nolte IM, Zhang W, Mbarek H, Li-Gao R, Trompet S, Verweij N, Evangelou E, Lyytikäinen LP, Tayo BO, Deelen J, van der Most PJ, van der Laan SW, Arking DE, Morrison A, Dehghan A, Franco OH, Hofman A, Rivadeneira F, Sijbrands EJ, Uitterlinden AG, Mychaleckyj JC, Campbell A, Hocking LJ, Padmanabhan S, Brody JA, Rice KM, White CC, Harris T, Isaacs A, Campbell H, Lange LA, Rudan I, Kolcic I, Navarro P, Zemunik T, Salomaa V, Kooner AS, Kooner JS, Lehne B, Scott WR, Tan ST, de Geus EJ, Milaneschi Y, Penninx BWJH, Willemsen G, de Mutsert R, Ford I, Gansevoort RT, Segura-Lepe MP, Raitakari OT, Viikari JS, Nikus K, Forrester T, McKenzie CA, de Craen AJM, de Ruijter HM, Pasterkamp G, Snieder H, Oldehinkel AJ, Slagboom PE, Cooper RS, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Elliott P, van der Harst P, Jukema JW, Mook-Kanamori DO, Boomsma DI, Chambers JC, Swertz M, Ripatti S, Willems van Dijk K, Vitart V, Polasek O, Hayward C, Wilson JG, Wilson JF, Gudnason V, Rich SS, Psaty BM, Borecki IB, Boerwinkle E, Rotter JI, Cupples LA, van Duijn CM. Meta-analysis of 49 549 individuals imputed with the 1000 Genomes Project reveals an exonic damaging variant in ANGPTL4 determining fasting TG levels. J Med Genet 2016; 53:441-9. [PMID: 27036123 PMCID: PMC4941146 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background So far, more than 170 loci have been associated with circulating lipid levels through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). These associations are largely driven by common variants, their function is often not known, and many are likely to be markers for the causal variants. In this study we aimed to identify more new rare and low-frequency functional variants associated with circulating lipid levels. Methods We used the 1000 Genomes Project as a reference panel for the imputations of GWAS data from ∼60 000 individuals in the discovery stage and ∼90 000 samples in the replication stage. Results Our study resulted in the identification of five new associations with circulating lipid levels at four loci. All four loci are within genes that can be linked biologically to lipid metabolism. One of the variants, rs116843064, is a damaging missense variant within the ANGPTL4 gene. Conclusions This study illustrates that GWAS with high-scale imputation may still help us unravel the biological mechanism behind circulating lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aniko Sabo
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Jennifer E Huffman
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK The Framingham Heart Study, NHLBI Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, Framingham, USA
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, USA
| | - Serkalem Demissie
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Qing Duan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Jonathan Marten
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jan B van Klinken
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ida Surakka
- Human Genomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK
| | - Hamdi Mbarek
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruifang Li-Gao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Bamidele O Tayo
- Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, USA
| | - Joris Deelen
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Alanna Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, USA
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J Sijbrands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josyf C Mychaleckyj
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Archie Campbell
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lynne J Hocking
- Musculoskeletal Research Programme, Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Kenneth M Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | | | - Tamara Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Campbell
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Pau Navarro
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Angad S Kooner
- Cardiovascular Science, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK Cardiovascular Science, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Benjamin Lehne
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - William R Scott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK
| | - Sian-Tsung Tan
- Cardiovascular Science, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Eco J de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam/GGZinGeest and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam/GGZinGeest and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Center for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ron T Gansevoort
- Department of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcelo P Segura-Lepe
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma S Viikari
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kjell Nikus
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terrence Forrester
- Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Colin A McKenzie
- Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Anton J M de Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hester M de Ruijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Richard S Cooper
- Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, USA
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Epidemiology Section, Department of BESC, King Faisal Medical Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Morris Swertz
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Genomics Coordination Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Human Genomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, UK
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Department of General Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Veronique Vitart
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James G Wilson
- Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, USA
| | - James F Wilson
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, USA Group Health Cooperative, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, USA
| | - Ingrid B Borecki
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, USA Division of Genomic Outcomes, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, USA Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Human Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- The Framingham Heart Study, NHLBI Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, Framingham, USA Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, USA
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15
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Fan Q, Verhoeven VJM, Wojciechowski R, Barathi VA, Hysi PG, Guggenheim JA, Höhn R, Vitart V, Khawaja AP, Yamashiro K, Hosseini SM, Lehtimäki T, Lu Y, Haller T, Xie J, Delcourt C, Pirastu M, Wedenoja J, Gharahkhani P, Venturini C, Miyake M, Hewitt AW, Guo X, Mazur J, Huffman JE, Williams KM, Polasek O, Campbell H, Rudan I, Vatavuk Z, Wilson JF, Joshi PK, McMahon G, St Pourcain B, Evans DM, Simpson CL, Schwantes-An TH, Igo RP, Mirshahi A, Cougnard-Gregoire A, Bellenguez C, Blettner M, Raitakari O, Kähönen M, Seppala I, Zeller T, Meitinger T, Ried JS, Gieger C, Portas L, van Leeuwen EM, Amin N, Uitterlinden AG, Rivadeneira F, Hofman A, Vingerling JR, Wang YX, Wang X, Tai-Hui Boh E, Ikram MK, Sabanayagam C, Gupta P, Tan V, Zhou L, Ho CEH, Lim W, Beuerman RW, Siantar R, Tai ES, Vithana E, Mihailov E, Khor CC, Hayward C, Luben RN, Foster PJ, Klein BEK, Klein R, Wong HS, Mitchell P, Metspalu A, Aung T, Young TL, He M, Pärssinen O, van Duijn CM, Jin Wang J, Williams C, Jonas JB, Teo YY, Mackey DA, Oexle K, Yoshimura N, Paterson AD, Pfeiffer N, Wong TY, Baird PN, Stambolian D, Wilson JEB, Cheng CY, Hammond CJ, Klaver CCW, Saw SM, Rahi JS, Korobelnik JF, Kemp JP, Timpson NJ, Smith GD, Craig JE, Burdon KP, Fogarty RD, Iyengar SK, Chew E, Janmahasatian S, Martin NG, MacGregor S, Xu L, Schache M, Nangia V, Panda-Jonas S, Wright AF, Fondran JR, Lass JH, Feng S, Zhao JH, Khaw KT, Wareham NJ, Rantanen T, Kaprio J, Pang CP, Chen LJ, Tam PO, Jhanji V, Young AL, Döring A, Raffel LJ, Cotch MF, Li X, Yip SP, Yap MK, Biino G, Vaccargiu S, Fossarello M, Fleck B, Yazar S, Tideman JWL, Tedja M, Deangelis MM, Morrison M, Farrer L, Zhou X, Chen W, Mizuki N, Meguro A, Mäkelä KM. Meta-analysis of gene-environment-wide association scans accounting for education level identifies additional loci for refractive error. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11008. [PMID: 27020472 PMCID: PMC4820539 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myopia is the most common human eye disorder and it results from complex genetic and environmental causes. The rapidly increasing prevalence of myopia poses a major public health challenge. Here, the CREAM consortium performs a joint meta-analysis to test single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) main effects and SNP × education interaction effects on refractive error in 40,036 adults from 25 studies of European ancestry and 10,315 adults from 9 studies of Asian ancestry. In European ancestry individuals, we identify six novel loci (FAM150B-ACP1, LINC00340, FBN1, DIS3L-MAP2K1, ARID2-SNAT1 and SLC14A2) associated with refractive error. In Asian populations, three genome-wide significant loci AREG, GABRR1 and PDE10A also exhibit strong interactions with education (P<8.5 × 10(-5)), whereas the interactions are less evident in Europeans. The discovery of these loci represents an important advance in understanding how gene and environment interactions contribute to the heterogeneity of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Fan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Virginie J. M. Verhoeven
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Wojciechowski
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 20205, USA
| | - Veluchamy A. Barathi
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Pirro G. Hysi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London School of Medicine, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Jeremy A. Guggenheim
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - René Höhn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Veronique Vitart
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Scotland
| | - Anthony P. Khawaja
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Kenji Yamashiro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - S Mohsen Hosseini
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children and Institute for Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Yi Lu
- Statistical Genetics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Toomas Haller
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Jing Xie
- Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Cécile Delcourt
- Université de Bordeaux, ISPED (Institut de Santé Publique d'Épidémiologie et de Développement), Bordeaux 33000, France
- INSERM, U1219-Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux 33000, France
| | - Mario Pirastu
- Institute of Population Genetics, National Research Council, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Juho Wedenoja
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Puya Gharahkhani
- Statistical Genetics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Cristina Venturini
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London School of Medicine, London SE1 7EH, UK
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Masahiro Miyake
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Alex W. Hewitt
- Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Xiaobo Guo
- Department of Statistical Science, School of Mathematics and Computational Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Johanna Mazur
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jenifer E. Huffman
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Scotland
| | - Katie M. Williams
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London School of Medicine, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Harry Campbell
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Igor Rudan
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Zoran Vatavuk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sisters of Mercy University Hospital, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - James F. Wilson
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Peter K. Joshi
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - George McMahon
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Beate St Pourcain
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Wundtlaan 1, 6525 XD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David M. Evans
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Claire L. Simpson
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
| | - Tae-Hwi Schwantes-An
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Robert P. Igo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Alireza Mirshahi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Dardenne Eye Hospital, Bonn-Bad Godesberg, 53177 Bonn, Germany
| | - Audrey Cougnard-Gregoire
- Université de Bordeaux, ISPED (Institut de Santé Publique d'Épidémiologie et de Développement), Bordeaux 33000, France
- INSERM, U1219-Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux 33000, France
| | - Céline Bellenguez
- Inserm, U1167, Lille 59000, France
- Univ. Lille, U1167, Lille 59000, France
- Université Lille 2, Lille 59000, France
| | - Maria Blettner
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Ilkka Seppala
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Janina S. Ried
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Laura Portas
- Institute of Population Genetics, National Research Council, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | | | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, 2518 AD Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, 2518 AD Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, 2518 AD Hague, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health Systems, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Eileen Tai-Hui Boh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health Systems, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - M. Kamran Ikram
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Preeti Gupta
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Vincent Tan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Lei Zhou
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Candice E. H. Ho
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Wan'e Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Roger W. Beuerman
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Rosalynn Siantar
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - E-Shyong Tai
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health Systems, Singapore 117549, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Eranga Vithana
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Evelin Mihailov
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Chiea-Chuen Khor
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health Systems, Singapore 117549, Singapore
- Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Scotland
| | - Robert N. Luben
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Paul J. Foster
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Barbara E. K. Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
| | - Ronald Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
| | - Hoi-Suen Wong
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children and Institute for Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Terri L. Young
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Mingguang He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Olavi Pärssinen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital of Central Finland, Jyväskylä 40620, Finland
- Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jie Jin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Cathy Williams
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Jost B. Jonas
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100044, China
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Department of Ophthalmology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, 69115 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yik-Ying Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health Systems, Singapore 117549, Singapore
- Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - David A. Mackey
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Konrad Oexle
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Nagahisa Yoshimura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Andrew D. Paterson
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children and Institute for Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health Systems, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Paul N. Baird
- Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Dwight Stambolian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Joan E. Bailey Wilson
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Christopher J. Hammond
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London School of Medicine, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Caroline C. W. Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Seang-Mei Saw
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health Systems, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Jugnoo S. Rahi
- Medical Research Council Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London EC1V 2PD, UK
- Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jean-François Korobelnik
- Université de Bordeaux, 33400 Talence, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale), ISPED (Institut de Santé Publique d'épidémiologie et de Développement), Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - John P. Kemp
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), The University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Nicholas J. Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), The University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), The University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Jamie E. Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Kathryn P. Burdon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Rhys D. Fogarty
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Sudha K. Iyengar
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, CaseWestern Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Eye Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Emily Chew
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Sarayut Janmahasatian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, CaseWestern Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Liang Xu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Maria Schache
- Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Vinay Nangia
- Suraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440001, India
| | | | - Alan F. Wright
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Scotland
| | - Jeremy R. Fondran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, CaseWestern Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Jonathan H. Lass
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, CaseWestern Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Eye Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Sheng Feng
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center For Human Genetics, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Nick J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Taina Rantanen
- Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Li Jia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Pancy O. Tam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Vishal Jhanji
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Alvin L. Young
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Angela Döring
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Leslie J. Raffel
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Mary-Frances Cotch
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90502, USA
| | - Shea Ping Yip
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Maurice K.H. Yap
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ginevra Biino
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Simona Vaccargiu
- Institute of Population Genetics, National Research Council, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fossarello
- Institute of Population Genetics, National Research Council, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Brian Fleck
- Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion, Edinburgh EH3 9HA, UK
| | - Seyhan Yazar
- Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Jan Willem L. Tideman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Milly Tedja
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margaret M. Deangelis
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
| | - Margaux Morrison
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
| | - Lindsay Farrer
- Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Ophthalmology, Neurology, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Xiangtian Zhou
- School of ophthalmology and optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of ophthalmology and optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Nobuhisa Mizuki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Akira Meguro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Kari Matti Mäkelä
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland
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16
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Kettunen J, Demirkan A, Würtz P, Draisma HHM, Haller T, Rawal R, Vaarhorst A, Kangas AJ, Lyytikäinen LP, Pirinen M, Pool R, Sarin AP, Soininen P, Tukiainen T, Wang Q, Tiainen M, Tynkkynen T, Amin N, Zeller T, Beekman M, Deelen J, van Dijk KW, Esko T, Hottenga JJ, van Leeuwen EM, Lehtimäki T, Mihailov E, Rose RJ, de Craen AJM, Gieger C, Kähönen M, Perola M, Blankenberg S, Savolainen MJ, Verhoeven A, Viikari J, Willemsen G, Boomsma DI, van Duijn CM, Eriksson J, Jula A, Järvelin MR, Kaprio J, Metspalu A, Raitakari O, Salomaa V, Slagboom PE, Waldenberger M, Ripatti S, Ala-Korpela M. Genome-wide study for circulating metabolites identifies 62 loci and reveals novel systemic effects of LPA. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11122. [PMID: 27005778 PMCID: PMC4814583 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified numerous loci linked with complex
diseases, for which the molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear. Comprehensive
molecular profiling of circulating metabolites captures highly heritable traits,
which can help to uncover metabolic pathophysiology underlying established disease
variants. We conduct an extended genome-wide association study of genetic influences
on 123 circulating metabolic traits quantified by nuclear magnetic resonance
metabolomics from up to 24,925 individuals and identify eight novel loci for amino
acids, pyruvate and fatty acids. The LPA locus link with cardiovascular risk
exemplifies how detailed metabolic profiling may inform underlying aetiology via
extensive associations with very-low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride
metabolism. Genetic fine mapping and Mendelian randomization uncover wide-spread
causal effects of lipoprotein(a) on overall lipoprotein metabolism and we assess
potential pleiotropic consequences of genetically elevated lipoprotein(a) on diverse
morbidities via electronic health-care records. Our findings strengthen the argument
for safe LPA-targeted intervention to reduce cardiovascular risk. Circulating metabolites reflect human health and disease. Here,
Kettunen et al. perform a genome-wide association study on 123 circulating
metabolic traits and identify novel genetic loci influencing systemic metabolism. They
also link new molecular pathways with a known cardiovascular risk factor
Lp(a).
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kettunen
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.,National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, Kuopio 70210, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Ayşe Demirkan
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Würtz
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Harmen H M Draisma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, Room 2B-29, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Toomas Haller
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rajesh Rawal
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anika Vaarhorst
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Antti J Kangas
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere University, Kalevantie 4, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Matti Pirinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Biomedicum 2, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - René Pool
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, Room 2B-29, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antti-Pekka Sarin
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Biomedicum 2, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Pasi Soininen
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Taru Tukiainen
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB 0330, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Mika Tiainen
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Tuulia Tynkkynen
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja Zeller
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.,University Heart Center Hamburg, Clinic of general and interventional Cardiology, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marian Beekman
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Deelen
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, Room 2B-29, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M van Leeuwen
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere University, Kalevantie 4, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Evelin Mihailov
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Richard J Rose
- Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, PO Box 41 Mannerheimintie 172, Helsinki 00014, Finland.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E 10th Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Anton J M de Craen
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Leiden University Medical Center, Postzone C7-Q, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere and Tampere, University Hospital, PO Box 2000, FIN-33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.,Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010 Tartu, Estonia.,Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Biomedicum 2, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.,University Heart Center Hamburg, Clinic of general and interventional Cardiology, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5A, Oulu FI-90220, Finland
| | - Aswin Verhoeven
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, PB 52, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, Room 2B-29, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, Room 2B-29, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Eriksson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, PL 20, Tukholmankatu 8B, Helsinki 00029, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsingfors Universitet, PB 63, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PL 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.,Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 20, OYS, Oulu 90029, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Biomedicum 2, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki 00290, Finland.,Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, PO Box 41 Mannerheimintie 172, Helsinki 00014, Finland.,Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO Box 30 (Mannerheimintie 166), Helsinki 00300, Finland
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku 20521, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku 20521, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Biomedicum 2, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki 00290, Finland.,Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, PO Box 41 Mannerheimintie 172, Helsinki 00014, Finland.,Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, Kuopio 70210, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.,Oulu University Hospital, Kajaanintie 50, Oulu 90220, Finland.,Computational Medicine, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Senate House, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK.,Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
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17
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van Leeuwen EM, Huffman JE, Bis JC, Isaacs A, Mulder M, Sabo A, Smith AV, Demissie S, Manichaikul A, Brody JA, Feitosa MF, Duan Q, Schraut KE, Navarro P, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, Zhu G, Mbarek H, Trompet S, Verweij N, Lyytikäinen LP, Deelen J, Nolte IM, van der Laan SW, Davies G, Vermeij-Verdoold AJ, van Oosterhout AA, Vergeer-Drop JM, Arking DE, Trochet H, Medina-Gomez C, Rivadeneira F, Uitterlinden AG, Dehghan A, Franco OH, Sijbrands EJ, Hofman A, White CC, Mychaleckyj JC, Peloso GM, Swertz MA, Willemsen G, de Geus EJ, Milaneschi Y, Penninx BW, Ford I, Buckley BM, de Craen AJ, Starr JM, Deary IJ, Pasterkamp G, Oldehinkel AJ, Snieder H, Slagboom PE, Nikus K, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Viikari JS, Raitakari OT, van der Harst P, Jukema JW, Hottenga JJ, Boomsma DI, Whitfield JB, Montgomery G, Martin NG, Polasek O, Vitart V, Hayward C, Kolcic I, Wright AF, Rudan I, Joshi PK, Wilson JF, Lange LA, Wilson JG, Gudnason V, Harris TB, Morrison AC, Borecki IB, Rich SS, Padmanabhan S, Psaty BM, Rotter JI, Smith BH, Boerwinkle E, Cupples LA, van Duijn C. Fine mapping the CETP region reveals a common intronic insertion associated to HDL-C. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2015; 1:15011. [PMID: 28721259 PMCID: PMC5514988 DOI: 10.1038/npjamd.2015.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with exceptional longevity and their offspring have significantly larger high-density lipoprotein concentrations (HDL-C) particle sizes due to the increased homozygosity for the I405V variant in the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene. In this study, we investigate the association of CETP and HDL-C further to identify novel, independent CETP variants associated with HDL-C in humans. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis of HDL-C within the CETP region using 59,432 individuals imputed with 1000 Genomes data. We performed replication in an independent sample of 47,866 individuals and validation was done by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS The meta-analysis of HDL-C within the CETP region identified five independent variants, including an exonic variant and a common intronic insertion. We replicated these 5 variants significantly in an independent sample of 47,866 individuals. Sanger sequencing of the insertion within a single family confirmed segregation of this variant. The strongest reported association between HDL-C and CETP variants, was rs3764261; however, after conditioning on the five novel variants we identified the support for rs3764261 was highly reduced (βunadjusted=3.179 mg/dl (P value=5.25×10-509), βadjusted=0.859 mg/dl (P value=9.51×10-25)), and this finding suggests that these five novel variants may partly explain the association of CETP with HDL-C. Indeed, three of the five novel variants (rs34065661, rs5817082, rs7499892) are independent of rs3764261. CONCLUSIONS The causal variants in CETP that account for the association with HDL-C remain unknown. We used studies imputed to the 1000 Genomes reference panel for fine mapping of the CETP region. We identified and validated five variants within this region that may partly account for the association of the known variant (rs3764261), as well as other sources of genetic contribution to HDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer E Huffman
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aniko Sabo
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Serkalem Demissie
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Qing Duan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Katharina E Schraut
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Pau Navarro
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jana V van Vliet-Ostaptchouk
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gu Zhu
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hamdi Mbarek
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Joris Deelen
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gail Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Holly Trochet
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J Sijbrands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charles C White
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Institute for the Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Josyf C Mychaleckyj
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Gina M Peloso
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Morris A Swertz
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eco J de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam/GGZinGeest and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda Wjh Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam/GGZinGeest and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Center for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Brendan M Buckley
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anton Jm de Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - John M Starr
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Division Laboratories & Pharmacy, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kjell Nikus
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma S Viikari
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Molecular Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John B Whitfield
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Grant Montgomery
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Molecular Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Ozren Polasek
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Alan F Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Tamar B Harris
- National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ingrid B Borecki
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Division of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology & Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Group Health Research Institute, Group Health cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.,Division of Genomic Outcomes, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Human Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Blair H Smith
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Cornelia van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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van Leeuwen EM, Kanterakis A, Deelen P, Kattenberg MV, Slagboom PE, de Bakker PIW, Wijmenga C, Swertz MA, Boomsma DI, van Duijn CM, Karssen LC, Hottenga JJ. Population-specific genotype imputations using minimac or IMPUTE2. Nat Protoc 2015; 10:1285-96. [PMID: 26226460 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2015.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In order to meaningfully analyze common and rare genetic variants, results from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of multiple cohorts need to be combined in a meta-analysis in order to obtain enough power. This requires all cohorts to have the same single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in their GWASs. To this end, genotypes that have not been measured in a given cohort can be imputed on the basis of a set of reference haplotypes. This protocol provides guidelines for performing imputations with two widely used tools: minimac and IMPUTE2. These guidelines were developed and used by the Genome of the Netherlands (GoNL) consortium, which has created a population-specific reference panel for genetic imputations and used this reference to impute various Dutch biobanks. We also describe several factors that might influence the final imputation quality. This protocol, which has been used by the largest Dutch biobanks, should take approximately several days, depending on the sample size of the biobank and the computer resources available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandros Kanterakis
- 1] University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, the Netherlands. [2] University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Deelen
- 1] University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, the Netherlands. [2] University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - P Eline Slagboom
- 1] Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands. [2] Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Paul I W de Bakker
- 1] Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. [2] Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- 1] University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, the Netherlands. [2] University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Morris A Swertz
- 1] University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, the Netherlands. [2] University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Lennart C Karssen
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. [2] PolyOmica, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jouke Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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19
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Horikoshi M, Mӓgi R, van de Bunt M, Surakka I, Sarin AP, Mahajan A, Marullo L, Thorleifsson G, Hӓgg S, Hottenga JJ, Ladenvall C, Ried JS, Winkler TW, Willems SM, Pervjakova N, Esko T, Beekman M, Nelson CP, Willenborg C, Wiltshire S, Ferreira T, Fernandez J, Gaulton KJ, Steinthorsdottir V, Hamsten A, Magnusson PKE, Willemsen G, Milaneschi Y, Robertson NR, Groves CJ, Bennett AJ, Lehtimӓki T, Viikari JS, Rung J, Lyssenko V, Perola M, Heid IM, Herder C, Grallert H, Müller-Nurasyid M, Roden M, Hypponen E, Isaacs A, van Leeuwen EM, Karssen LC, Mihailov E, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, de Craen AJM, Deelen J, Havulinna AS, Blades M, Hengstenberg C, Erdmann J, Schunkert H, Kaprio J, Tobin MD, Samani NJ, Lind L, Salomaa V, Lindgren CM, Slagboom PE, Metspalu A, van Duijn CM, Eriksson JG, Peters A, Gieger C, Jula A, Groop L, Raitakari OT, Power C, Penninx BWJH, de Geus E, Smit JH, Boomsma DI, Pedersen NL, Ingelsson E, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K, Ripatti S, Prokopenko I, McCarthy MI, Morris AP. Discovery and Fine-Mapping of Glycaemic and Obesity-Related Trait Loci Using High-Density Imputation. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005230. [PMID: 26132169 PMCID: PMC4488845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reference panels from the 1000 Genomes (1000G) Project Consortium provide near complete coverage of common and low-frequency genetic variation with minor allele frequency ≥0.5% across European ancestry populations. Within the European Network for Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology (ENGAGE) Consortium, we have undertaken the first large-scale meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), supplemented by 1000G imputation, for four quantitative glycaemic and obesity-related traits, in up to 87,048 individuals of European ancestry. We identified two loci for body mass index (BMI) at genome-wide significance, and two for fasting glucose (FG), none of which has been previously reported in larger meta-analysis efforts to combine GWAS of European ancestry. Through conditional analysis, we also detected multiple distinct signals of association mapping to established loci for waist-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (RSPO3) and FG (GCK and G6PC2). The index variant for one association signal at the G6PC2 locus is a low-frequency coding allele, H177Y, which has recently been demonstrated to have a functional role in glucose regulation. Fine-mapping analyses revealed that the non-coding variants most likely to drive association signals at established and novel loci were enriched for overlap with enhancer elements, which for FG mapped to promoter and transcription factor binding sites in pancreatic islets, in particular. Our study demonstrates that 1000G imputation and genetic fine-mapping of common and low-frequency variant association signals at GWAS loci, integrated with genomic annotation in relevant tissues, can provide insight into the functional and regulatory mechanisms through which their effects on glycaemic and obesity-related traits are mediated. Human genetic studies have demonstrated that quantitative human anthropometric and metabolic traits, including body mass index, waist-hip ratio, and plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin, are highly heritable, and are established risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Although many regions of the genome have been associated with these traits, the specific genes responsible have not yet been identified. By making use of advanced statistical “imputation” techniques applied to more than 87,000 individuals of European ancestry, and publicly available “reference panels” of more than 37 million genetic variants, we have been able to identify novel regions of the genome associated with these glycaemic and obesity-related traits and localise genes within these regions that are most likely to be causal. This improved understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying glycaemic and obesity-related traits is extremely important because it may advance drug development for downstream disease endpoints, ultimately leading to public health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Horikoshi
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Reedik Mӓgi
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martijn van de Bunt
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ida Surakka
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti-Pekka Sarin
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Letizia Marullo
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Sara Hӓgg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claes Ladenvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Janina S. Ried
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas W. Winkler
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sara M. Willems
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Marian Beekman
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher P. Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Disease Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Willenborg
- Institute for Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Steven Wiltshire
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Ferreira
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Fernandez
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kyle J. Gaulton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anders Hamsten
- Cardiovascular Genetics and Genomics Group, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik K. E. Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neil R. Robertson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Groves
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda J. Bennett
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Terho Lehtimӓki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma S. Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Johan Rung
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Markus Perola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iris M. Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Partner Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Partner Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Elina Hypponen
- School of Population Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M. van Leeuwen
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lennart C. Karssen
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Anton J. M. de Craen
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Deelen
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aki S. Havulinna
- Unit of Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matthew Blades
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Support Hub (B/BASH), University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Hengstenberg
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- DZHK German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- DZHK German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- The Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin D. Tobin
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Nilesh J. Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Disease Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Unit of Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cecilia M. Lindgren
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - P. Eline Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland
- Department of Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annette Peters
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Antti Jula
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Leif Groop
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Chris Power
- Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eco de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University & VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H. Smit
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCode Genetic - Amgen Inc, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCode Genetic - Amgen Inc, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- The Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Deparment of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P. Morris
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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20
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Cuellar-Partida G, Springelkamp H, Lucas SEM, Yazar S, Hewitt AW, Iglesias AI, Montgomery GW, Martin NG, Pennell CE, van Leeuwen EM, Verhoeven VJM, Hofman A, Uitterlinden AG, Ramdas WD, Wolfs RCW, Vingerling JR, Brown MA, Mills RA, Craig JE, Klaver CCW, van Duijn CM, Burdon KP, MacGregor S, Mackey DA. WNT10A exonic variant increases the risk of keratoconus by decreasing corneal thickness. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:5060-8. [PMID: 26049155 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratoconus is a degenerative eye condition which results from thinning of the cornea and causes vision distortion. Treatments such as ultraviolet (UV) cross-linking have proved effective for management of keratoconus when performed in early stages of the disease. The central corneal thickness (CCT) is a highly heritable endophenotype of keratoconus, and it is estimated that up to 95% of its phenotypic variance is due to genetics. Genome-wide association efforts of CCT have identified common variants (i.e. minor allele frequency (MAF) >5%). However, these studies typically ignore the large set of exonic variants whose MAF is usually low. In this study, we performed a CCT exome-wide association analysis in a sample of 1029 individuals from a population-based study in Western Australia. We identified a genome-wide significant exonic variant rs121908120 (P = 6.63 × 10(-10)) in WNT10A. This gene is 437 kb from a gene previously associated with CCT (USP37). We showed in a conditional analysis that the WNT10A variant completely accounts for the signal previously seen at USP37. We replicated our finding in independent samples from the Brisbane Adolescent Twin Study, Twin Eye Study in Tasmania and the Rotterdam Study. Further, we genotyped rs121908120 in 621 keratoconus cases and compared the frequency to a sample of 1680 unscreened controls from the Queensland Twin Registry. We found that rs121908120 increases the risk of keratoconus two times (odds ratio 2.03, P = 5.41 × 10(-5)).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Seyhan Yazar
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- School of Medicine, Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia, Centre for Eye Research Australia, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia and
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | | | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, the Hague 2593 CE, The Netherlands
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, the Hague 2593 CE, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Matthew A Brown
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Richard A Mills
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jamie E Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia,
| | - David A Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia
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21
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van Leeuwen EM, Karssen LC, Deelen J, Isaacs A, Medina-Gomez C, Mbarek H, Kanterakis A, Trompet S, Postmus I, Verweij N, van Enckevort DJ, Huffman JE, White CC, Feitosa MF, Bartz TM, Manichaikul A, Joshi PK, Peloso GM, Deelen P, van Dijk F, Willemsen G, de Geus EJ, Milaneschi Y, Penninx BWJH, Francioli LC, Menelaou A, Pulit SL, Rivadeneira F, Hofman A, Oostra BA, Franco OH, Mateo Leach I, Beekman M, de Craen AJM, Uh HW, Trochet H, Hocking LJ, Porteous DJ, Sattar N, Packard CJ, Buckley BM, Brody JA, Bis JC, Rotter JI, Mychaleckyj JC, Campbell H, Duan Q, Lange LA, Wilson JF, Hayward C, Polasek O, Vitart V, Rudan I, Wright AF, Rich SS, Psaty BM, Borecki IB, Kearney PM, Stott DJ, Adrienne Cupples L, Jukema JW, van der Harst P, Sijbrands EJ, Hottenga JJ, Uitterlinden AG, Swertz MA, van Ommen GJB, de Bakker PIW, Eline Slagboom P, Boomsma DI, Wijmenga C, van Duijn CM. Genome of The Netherlands population-specific imputations identify an ABCA6 variant associated with cholesterol levels. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6065. [PMID: 25751400 PMCID: PMC4366498 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Variants associated with blood lipid levels may be population-specific. To identify
low-frequency variants associated with this phenotype, population-specific reference
panels may be used. Here we impute nine large Dutch biobanks (~35,000
samples) with the population-specific reference panel created by the Genome of the
Netherlands Project and perform association testing with blood lipid levels. We
report the discovery of five novel associations at four loci (P value
<6.61 × 10−4), including a rare missense
variant in ABCA6
(rs77542162, p.Cys1359Arg, frequency 0.034), which is predicted to be deleterious.
The frequency of this ABCA6
variant is 3.65-fold increased in the Dutch and its effect
(βLDL-C=0.135,
βTC=0.140) is estimated to be very similar to those
observed for single variants in well-known lipid genes, such as LDLR. Frequencies of rare variants fluctuate over populations, hampering
gene discovery. Here the authors use a population-specific reference panel, the Genome
of the Netherlands, to discover four novel loci involved in lipid metabolism, including
an exonic variant in ABCA6.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lennart C Karssen
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Deelen
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Epidemiology and Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Hamdi Mbarek
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam 1081BT, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandros Kanterakis
- Department of Genetics, Genomics Coordination Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Postmus
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jennifer E Huffman
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Charles C White
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston U School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Traci M Bartz
- Department of Biostatistics and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Gina M Peloso
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02176, USA
| | - Patrick Deelen
- Department of Genetics, Genomics Coordination Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Freerk van Dijk
- Department of Genetics, Genomics Coordination Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam 1081BT, The Netherlands
| | - Eco J de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam 1081BT, The Netherlands
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam/GGZinGeest, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081HL, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam/GGZinGeest, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081HL, The Netherlands
| | - Laurent C Francioli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Androniki Menelaou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Sara L Pulit
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology and Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Ben A Oostra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Mateo Leach
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Marian Beekman
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J M de Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Hae-Won Uh
- Department of Genetical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Holly Trochet
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Lynne J Hocking
- Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Chris J Packard
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Brendan M Buckley
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA
| | - Josyf C Mychaleckyj
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Qing Duan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina NC 27599, USA
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina NC 27599, USA
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Alan F Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Ingrid B Borecki
- Department of Genetics and Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Patricia M Kearney
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - David J Stott
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- 1] Department of Biostatistics, Boston U School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA [2] Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA
| | | | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J Sijbrands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam 1081BT, The Netherlands
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology and Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Morris A Swertz
- Department of Genetics, Genomics Coordination Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan B van Ommen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Paul I W de Bakker
- 1] Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands [2] Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081BT, The Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
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22
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Springelkamp H, Iglesias AI, Cuellar-Partida G, Amin N, Burdon KP, van Leeuwen EM, Gharahkhani P, Mishra A, van der Lee SJ, Hewitt AW, Rivadeneira F, Viswanathan AC, Wolfs RCW, Martin NG, Ramdas WD, van Koolwijk LM, Pennell CE, Vingerling JR, Mountain JE, Uitterlinden AG, Hofman A, Mitchell P, Lemij HG, Wang JJ, Klaver CCW, Mackey DA, Craig JE, van Duijn CM, MacGregor S. ARHGEF12 influences the risk of glaucoma by increasing intraocular pressure. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:2689-99. [PMID: 25637523 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a blinding disease. Two important risk factors for this disease are a positive family history and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), which is also highly heritable. Genes found to date associated with IOP and POAG are ABCA1, CAV1/CAV2, GAS7 and TMCO1. However, these genes explain only a small part of the heritability of IOP and POAG. We performed a genome-wide association study of IOP in the population-based Rotterdam Study I and Rotterdam Study II using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) imputed to 1000 Genomes. In this discovery cohort (n = 8105), we identified a new locus associated with IOP. The most significantly associated SNP was rs58073046 (β = 0.44, P-value = 1.87 × 10(-8), minor allele frequency = 0.12), within the gene ARHGEF12. Independent replication in five population-based studies (n = 7471) resulted in an effect size in the same direction that was significantly associated (β = 0.16, P-value = 0.04). The SNP was also significantly associated with POAG in two independent case-control studies [n = 1225 cases and n = 4117 controls; odds ratio (OR) = 1.53, P-value = 1.99 × 10(-8)], especially with high-tension glaucoma (OR = 1.66, P-value = 2.81 × 10(-9); for normal-tension glaucoma OR = 1.29, P-value = 4.23 × 10(-2)). ARHGEF12 plays an important role in the RhoA/RhoA kinase pathway, which has been implicated in IOP regulation. Furthermore, it binds to ABCA1 and links the ABCA1, CAV1/CAV2 and GAS7 pathway to Mendelian POAG genes (MYOC, OPTN, WDR36). In conclusion, this study identified a novel association between IOP and ARHGEF12.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kathryn P Burdon
- School of Medicine, Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Alex W Hewitt
- School of Medicine, Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia, Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, 2593 CE The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Ananth C Viswanathan
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | | | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | | | | | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | | | | | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, 2593 CE The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology and Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, 2593 CE The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Hans G Lemij
- Glaucoma Service, The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, 3011 BH Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jie Jin Wang
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - David A Mackey
- School of Medicine, Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia and
| | - Jamie E Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
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23
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Springelkamp H, Mishra A, Hysi PG, Gharahkhani P, Höhn R, Khor CC, Cooke Bailey JN, Luo X, Ramdas WD, Vithana E, Koh V, Yazar S, Xu L, Forward H, Kearns LS, Amin N, Iglesias AI, Sim KS, van Leeuwen EM, Demirkan A, van der Lee S, Loon SC, Rivadeneira F, Nag A, Sanfilippo PG, Schillert A, de Jong PTVM, Oostra BA, Uitterlinden AG, Hofman A, Zhou T, Burdon KP, Spector TD, Lackner KJ, Saw SM, Vingerling JR, Teo YY, Pasquale LR, Wolfs RCW, Lemij HG, Tai ES, Jonas JB, Cheng CY, Aung T, Jansonius NM, Klaver CCW, Craig JE, Young TL, Haines JL, MacGregor S, Mackey DA, Pfeiffer N, Wong TY, Wiggs JL, Hewitt AW, van Duijn CM, Hammond CJ. Meta-analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies Identifies Novel Loci Associated With Optic Disc Morphology. Genet Epidemiol 2015; 39:207-16. [PMID: 25631615 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.21886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma is the most common optic neuropathy and an important cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The optic nerve head or optic disc is divided in two parts: a central cup (without nerve fibers) surrounded by the neuroretinal rim (containing axons of the retinal ganglion cells). The International Glaucoma Genetics Consortium conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies consisting of 17,248 individuals of European ancestry and 6,841 individuals of Asian ancestry. The outcomes of the genome-wide association studies were disc area and cup area. These specific measurements describe optic nerve morphology in another way than the vertical cup-disc ratio, which is a clinically used measurement, and may shed light on new glaucoma mechanisms. We identified 10 new loci associated with disc area (CDC42BPA, F5, DIRC3, RARB, ABI3BP, DCAF4L2, ELP4, TMTC2, NR2F2, and HORMAD2) and another 10 new loci associated with cup area (DHRS3, TRIB2, EFEMP1, FLNB, FAM101, DDHD1, ASB7, KPNB1, BCAS3, and TRIOBP). The new genes participate in a number of pathways and future work is likely to identify more functions related to the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriët Springelkamp
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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24
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Deelen P, Menelaou A, van Leeuwen EM, Kanterakis A, van Dijk F, Medina-Gomez C, Francioli LC, Hottenga JJ, Karssen LC, Estrada K, Kreiner-Møller E, Rivadeneira F, van Setten J, Gutierrez-Achury J, Westra HJ, Franke L, van Enckevort D, Dijkstra M, Byelas H, van Duijn CM, de Bakker PIW, Wijmenga C, Swertz MA. Improved imputation quality of low-frequency and rare variants in European samples using the 'Genome of The Netherlands'. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 22:1321-6. [PMID: 24896149 PMCID: PMC4200431 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many common variants associated with complex traits, low-frequency and rare variants have not been interrogated in a comprehensive manner. Imputation from dense reference panels, such as the 1000 Genomes Project (1000G), enables testing of ungenotyped variants for association. Here we present the results of imputation using a large, new population-specific panel: the Genome of The Netherlands (GoNL). We benchmarked the performance of the 1000G and GoNL reference sets by comparing imputation genotypes with 'true' genotypes typed on ImmunoChip in three European populations (Dutch, British, and Italian). GoNL showed significant improvement in the imputation quality for rare variants (MAF 0.05-0.5%) compared with 1000G. In Dutch samples, the mean observed Pearson correlation, r(2), increased from 0.61 to 0.71. We also saw improved imputation accuracy for other European populations (in the British samples, r(2) improved from 0.58 to 0.65, and in the Italians from 0.43 to 0.47). A combined reference set comprising 1000G and GoNL improved the imputation of rare variants even further. The Italian samples benefitted the most from this combined reference (the mean r(2) increased from 0.47 to 0.50). We conclude that the creation of a large population-specific reference is advantageous for imputing rare variants and that a combined reference panel across multiple populations yields the best imputation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Deelen
- 1] University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands [2] University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Androniki Menelaou
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M van Leeuwen
- Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandros Kanterakis
- 1] University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands [2] University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Freerk van Dijk
- 1] University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands [2] University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- 1] Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [3] Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laurent C Francioli
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jouke Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lennart C Karssen
- Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karol Estrada
- 1] Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [3] Department of Medicine, Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA [4] Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eskil Kreiner-Møller
- 1] Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [3] COPSAC; Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- 1] Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [3] Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica van Setten
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Javier Gutierrez-Achury
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harm-Jan Westra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lude Franke
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David van Enckevort
- 1] University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, The Netherlands [2] NBIC BioAssist, Netherlands Bioinformatics Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Dijkstra
- 1] University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands [2] University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Heorhiy Byelas
- 1] University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands [2] University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Paul I W de Bakker
- 1] Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands [2] Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands [3] Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [4] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Morris A Swertz
- 1] University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands [2] University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
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25
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Boomsma DI, Wijmenga C, Slagboom EP, Swertz MA, Karssen LC, Abdellaoui A, Ye K, Guryev V, Vermaat M, van Dijk F, Francioli LC, Hottenga JJ, Laros JFJ, Li Q, Li Y, Cao H, Chen R, Du Y, Li N, Cao S, van Setten J, Menelaou A, Pulit SL, Hehir-Kwa JY, Beekman M, Elbers CC, Byelas H, de Craen AJM, Deelen P, Dijkstra M, den Dunnen JT, de Knijff P, Houwing-Duistermaat J, Koval V, Estrada K, Hofman A, Kanterakis A, Enckevort DV, Mai H, Kattenberg M, van Leeuwen EM, Neerincx PBT, Oostra B, Rivadeneira F, Suchiman EHD, Uitterlinden AG, Willemsen G, Wolffenbuttel BH, Wang J, de Bakker PIW, van Ommen GJ, van Duijn CM. The Genome of the Netherlands: design, and project goals. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 22:221-7. [PMID: 23714750 PMCID: PMC3895638 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the Netherlands a national network of biobanks has been established (Biobanking and Biomolecular Research Infrastructure-Netherlands (BBMRI-NL)) as a national node of the European BBMRI. One of the aims of BBMRI-NL is to enrich biobanks with different types of molecular and phenotype data. Here, we describe the Genome of the Netherlands (GoNL), one of the projects within BBMRI-NL. GoNL is a whole-genome-sequencing project in a representative sample consisting of 250 trio-families from all provinces in the Netherlands, which aims to characterize DNA sequence variation in the Dutch population. The parent-offspring trios include adult individuals ranging in age from 19 to 87 years (mean=53 years; SD=16 years) from birth cohorts 1910-1994. Sequencing was done on blood-derived DNA from uncultured cells and accomplished coverage was 14-15x. The family-based design represents a unique resource to assess the frequency of regional variants, accurately reconstruct haplotypes by family-based phasing, characterize short indels and complex structural variants, and establish the rate of de novo mutational events. GoNL will also serve as a reference panel for imputation in the available genome-wide association studies in Dutch and other cohorts to refine association signals and uncover population-specific variants. GoNL will create a catalog of human genetic variation in this sample that is uniquely characterized with respect to micro-geographic location and a wide range of phenotypes. The resource will be made available to the research and medical community to guide the interpretation of sequencing projects. The present paper summarizes the global characteristics of the project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Netherlands Twin Register, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eline P Slagboom
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Morris A Swertz
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lennart C Karssen
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Abdel Abdellaoui
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Netherlands Twin Register, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kai Ye
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Victor Guryev
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Vermaat
- Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Genome Technology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Freerk van Dijk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laurent C Francioli
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jouke Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Netherlands Twin Register, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen F J Laros
- Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Genome Technology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ning Li
- BGI-Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jessica van Setten
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Androniki Menelaou
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sara L Pulit
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jayne Y Hehir-Kwa
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marian Beekman
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Clara C Elbers
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Heorhiy Byelas
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J M de Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Deelen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Dijkstra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan T den Dunnen
- Department of Human Genetics, Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Genome Technology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter de Knijff
- Department of Human Genetics, Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Genome Technology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanine Houwing-Duistermaat
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vyacheslav Koval
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Genetic Laboratory Internal Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karol Estrada
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Genetic Laboratory Internal Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandros Kanterakis
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hailiang Mai
- Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mathijs Kattenberg
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Netherlands Twin Register, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pieter B T Neerincx
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Oostra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical School, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernanodo Rivadeneira
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Genetic Laboratory Internal Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eka H D Suchiman
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Genetic Laboratory Internal Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Netherlands Twin Register, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bruce H Wolffenbuttel
- LifeLines Cohort Study & Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jun Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul I W de Bakker
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan van Ommen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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26
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Codd V, Nelson CP, Albrecht E, Mangino M, Deelen J, Buxton JL, Hottenga JJ, Fischer K, Esko T, Surakka I, Broer L, Nyholt DR, Mateo Leach I, Salo P, Hägg S, Matthews MK, Palmen J, Norata GD, O'Reilly PF, Saleheen D, Amin N, Balmforth AJ, Beekman M, de Boer RA, Böhringer S, Braund PS, Burton PR, de Craen AJM, Denniff M, Dong Y, Douroudis K, Dubinina E, Eriksson JG, Garlaschelli K, Guo D, Hartikainen AL, Henders AK, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, Kananen L, Karssen LC, Kettunen J, Klopp N, Lagou V, van Leeuwen EM, Madden PA, Mägi R, Magnusson PKE, Männistö S, McCarthy MI, Medland SE, Mihailov E, Montgomery GW, Oostra BA, Palotie A, Peters A, Pollard H, Pouta A, Prokopenko I, Ripatti S, Salomaa V, Suchiman HED, Valdes AM, Verweij N, Viñuela A, Wang X, Wichmann HE, Widen E, Willemsen G, Wright MJ, Xia K, Xiao X, van Veldhuisen DJ, Catapano AL, Tobin MD, Hall AS, Blakemore AIF, van Gilst WH, Zhu H, Erdmann J, Reilly MP, Kathiresan S, Schunkert H, Talmud PJ, Pedersen NL, Perola M, Ouwehand W, Kaprio J, Martin NG, van Duijn CM, Hovatta I, Gieger C, Metspalu A, Boomsma DI, Jarvelin MR, Slagboom PE, Thompson JR, Spector TD, van der Harst P, Samani NJ. Identification of seven loci affecting mean telomere length and their association with disease. Nat Genet 2013. [PMID: 23535734 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2528.427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Interindividual variation in mean leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is associated with cancer and several age-associated diseases. We report here a genome-wide meta-analysis of 37,684 individuals with replication of selected variants in an additional 10,739 individuals. We identified seven loci, including five new loci, associated with mean LTL (P < 5 × 10(-8)). Five of the loci contain candidate genes (TERC, TERT, NAF1, OBFC1 and RTEL1) that are known to be involved in telomere biology. Lead SNPs at two loci (TERC and TERT) associate with several cancers and other diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, a genetic risk score analysis combining lead variants at all 7 loci in 22,233 coronary artery disease cases and 64,762 controls showed an association of the alleles associated with shorter LTL with increased risk of coronary artery disease (21% (95% confidence interval, 5-35%) per standard deviation in LTL, P = 0.014). Our findings support a causal role of telomere-length variation in some age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veryan Codd
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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27
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Codd V, Nelson CP, Albrecht E, Mangino M, Deelen J, Buxton JL, Jan Hottenga J, Fischer K, Esko T, Surakka I, Broer L, Nyholt DR, Mateo Leach I, Salo P, Hägg S, Matthews MK, Palmen J, Norata GD, O’Reilly PF, Saleheen D, Amin N, Balmforth AJ, Beekman M, de Boer RA, Böhringer S, Braund PS, Burton PR, de Craen AJM, Denniff M, Dong Y, Douroudis K, Dubinina E, Eriksson JG, Garlaschelli K, Guo D, Hartikainen AL, Henders AK, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, Kananen L, Karssen LC, Kettunen J, Klopp N, Lagou V, van Leeuwen EM, Madden PA, Mägi R, Magnusson PK, Männistö S, McCarthy MI, Medland SE, Mihailov E, Montgomery GW, Oostra BA, Palotie A, Peters A, Pollard H, Pouta A, Prokopenko I, Ripatti S, Salomaa V, Suchiman HED, Valdes AM, Verweij N, Viñuela A, Wang X, Wichmann HE, Widen E, Willemsen G, Wright MJ, Xia K, Xiao X, van Veldhuisen DJ, Catapano AL, Tobin MD, Hall AS, Blakemore AI, van Gilst WH, Zhu H, Erdmann J, Reilly MP, Kathiresan S, Schunkert H, Talmud PJ, Pedersen NL, Perola M, Ouwehand W, Kaprio J, Martin NG, van Duijn CM, Hovatta I, Gieger C, Metspalu A, Boomsma DI, Jarvelin MR, Slagboom PE, Thompson JR, Spector TD, van der Harst P, Samani NJ. Identification of seven loci affecting mean telomere length and their association with disease. Nat Genet 2013; 45:422-7, 427e1-2. [PMID: 23535734 PMCID: PMC4006270 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 688] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Interindividual variation in mean leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is associated with cancer and several age-associated diseases. We report here a genome-wide meta-analysis of 37,684 individuals with replication of selected variants in an additional 10,739 individuals. We identified seven loci, including five new loci, associated with mean LTL (P < 5 × 10(-8)). Five of the loci contain candidate genes (TERC, TERT, NAF1, OBFC1 and RTEL1) that are known to be involved in telomere biology. Lead SNPs at two loci (TERC and TERT) associate with several cancers and other diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, a genetic risk score analysis combining lead variants at all 7 loci in 22,233 coronary artery disease cases and 64,762 controls showed an association of the alleles associated with shorter LTL with increased risk of coronary artery disease (21% (95% confidence interval, 5-35%) per standard deviation in LTL, P = 0.014). Our findings support a causal role of telomere-length variation in some age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veryan Codd
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK,NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Christopher P. Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK,NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Eva Albrecht
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joris Deelen
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica L. Buxton
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jouke Jan Hottenga
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Krista Fischer
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ida Surakka
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Linda Broer
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,Centre for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dale R. Nyholt
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Irene Mateo Leach
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Perttu Salo
- Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara Hägg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mary K. Matthews
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jutta Palmen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Univerisity College London, London, UK
| | - Giuseppe D. Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy,Centro SISA per lo Studio dell'Aterosclerosi, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello B, Italy,The Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - Paul F. O’Reilly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK,MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anthony J. Balmforth
- Division of Epidemiology, LIGHT, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Marian Beekman
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A. de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Böhringer
- Section of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter S. Braund
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Paul R. Burton
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Anton J. M. de Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew Denniff
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Yanbin Dong
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Elena Dubinina
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland,University of Helsinki, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Helsinki, Finland,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland,Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katia Garlaschelli
- Centro SISA per lo Studio dell'Aterosclerosi, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello B, Italy
| | - Dehuang Guo
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Anna-Liisa Hartikainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Jeanine J. Houwing-Duistermaat
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Section of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Kananen
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland,Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lennart C. Karssen
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Norman Klopp
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,Hanover Unified Biobank, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Vasiliki Lagou
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Pamela A. Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Patrik K.E. Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Satu Männistö
- Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Ben A. Oostra
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and the Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annette Peters
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Helen Pollard
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Anneli Pouta
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H. Eka D. Suchiman
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ana M. Valdes
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Viñuela
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - H.-Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany,KlinikumGrosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kai Xia
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Xiangjun Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dirk J. van Veldhuisen
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alberico L. Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy,IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Martin D. Tobin
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Alistair S. Hall
- Division of Epidemiology, LIGHT, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Wiek H. van Gilst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Haidong Zhu
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Muredach P. Reilly
- The Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Philippa J. Talmud
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Univerisity College London, London, UK
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Perola
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Willem Ouwehand
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,Centre for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Iiris Hovatta
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland,Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland,Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK,MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK,Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,Department of Lifecourse and Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
| | - P. Eline Slagboom
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - John R. Thompson
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Tim D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK,Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands,Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nilesh J. Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK,NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
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