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Zhang AY, Elias E, Manners MT. Sex-dependent astrocyte reactivity: Unveiling chronic stress-induced morphological changes across multiple brain regions. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 200:106610. [PMID: 39032799 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is a major precursor to various neuropsychiatric disorders and is linked with increased inflammation in the brain. However, the bidirectional association between inflammation and chronic stress has yet to be fully understood. Astrocytes are one of the key inflammatory regulators in the brain, and the morphological change in reactive astrocytes serves as an important indicator of inflammation. In this study, we evaluated the sex-specific astrocyte response to chronic stress or systemic inflammation in key brain regions associated with mood disorders. We conducted the unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) paradigm to model chronic stress, or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection to model systemic inflammation. To evaluate stress-induced morphological changes in astrocyte complexity, we measured GFAP fluorescent intensity for astrocyte expression, branch bifurcation by quantifying branch points and terminal points, branch arborization by conducting Sholl analysis, and calculated the ramification index. Our analysis indicated that chronic stress-induced morphological changes in astrocytes in all brain regions investigated. The effects of chronic stress were region and sex specific. Notably, females had greater stress or inflammation-induced astrocyte activation in the hypothalamus (HYPO), CA1, CA3, and amygdala (AMY) than males. These findings indicate that chronic stress induces astrocyte activation that may drive sex and region-specific effects in females, potentially contributing to sex-dependent mechanisms of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Y Zhang
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Elias Elias
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Melissa T Manners
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
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Liu S, Xiao Q, Tang J, Li Y, Zhu P, Liang X, Huang D, Liu L, Deng Y, Jiang L, Qi Y, Li J, Zhang L, Zhou C, Chao F, Wu X, Du L, Luo Y, Tang Y. Running exercise decreases microglial activation in the medial prefrontal cortex in an animal model of depression. J Affect Disord 2024; 368:674-685. [PMID: 39303886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Running exercise effectively ameliorates depressive symptoms in humans and depression-like behaviors in animals, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays a major role in the development of depression. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a key brain region involved in depression and is sensitive to physical activity. Whether the antidepressant effect of running exercise involves changes in mPFC microglia is not understood. METHODS The animals were subjected to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) intervention followed by treadmill running. The sucrose preference test and elevated plus maze test or tail suspension test were used for behavioral assessment of the animals. The number of microglia in the mPFC was quantified by immunohistochemistry and stereology. The density and morphology of microglia were analyzed via immunofluorescence staining combined with three-dimensional laser scanning techniques. The mRNA expressions of inflammatory cytokines in the mPFC were examined via quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS Running exercise effectively alleviated depressive-like behaviors in depression model animals. Running exercise reversed the increase in the number of microglia and the density of activated microglia in the mPFC of CUS animals. Running exercise effectively reversed the changes in microglia (reduced cell body area, total branch length and branch complexity) in the mPFC of CUS animals. Furthermore, running exercise regulated the gene expressions of pro-/antiinflammatory cytokines in the mPFC of CUS animals. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that the antidepressant effects of running exercise may involve decreasing the number of activated microglia, reversing morphological changes in microglia in the mPFC, and reducing inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Radioactive Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Tang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Peilin Zhu
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Dujuan Huang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Deng
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingqiang Qi
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunni Zhou
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenglei Chao
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Wu
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Du
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Luo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Tang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.
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Cavalu S, Saber S, Ramadan A, Elmorsy EA, Hamad RS, Abdel-Reheim MA, Youssef ME. Unveiling citicoline's mechanisms and clinical relevance in the treatment of neuroinflammatory disorders. FASEB J 2024; 38:e70030. [PMID: 39221499 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400823r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Citicoline, a compound produced naturally in small amounts in the human body, assumes a pivotal role in phosphatidylcholine synthesis, a dynamic constituent of membranes of neurons. Across diverse models of brain injury and neurodegeneration, citicoline has demonstrated its potential through neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. This review aims to elucidate citicoline's anti-inflammatory mechanism and its clinical implications in conditions such as ischemic stroke, head trauma, glaucoma, and age-associated memory impairment. Citicoline's anti-inflammatory prowess is rooted in its ability to stabilize cellular membranes, thereby curbing the excessive release of glutamate-a pro-inflammatory neurotransmitter. Moreover, it actively diminishes free radicals and inflammatory cytokines productions, which could otherwise harm neurons and incite neuroinflammation. It also exhibits the potential to modulate microglia activity, the brain's resident immune cells, and hinder the activation of NF-κB, a transcription factor governing inflammatory genes. Clinical trials have subjected citicoline to rigorous scrutiny in patients grappling with acute ischemic stroke, head trauma, glaucoma, and age-related memory impairment. While findings from these trials are mixed, numerous studies suggest that citicoline could confer improvements in neurological function, disability reduction, expedited recovery, and cognitive decline prevention within these cohorts. Additionally, citicoline boasts a favorable safety profile and high tolerability. In summary, citicoline stands as a promising agent, wielding both neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory potential across a spectrum of neurological conditions. However, further research is imperative to delineate the optimal dosage, treatment duration, and underlying mechanisms. Moreover, identifying specific patient subgroups most likely to reap the benefits of citicoline as a new therapy remains a critical avenue for exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Sameh Saber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Ramadan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Elsayed A Elmorsy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabab S Hamad
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Central Laboratory, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Ahmed Abdel-Reheim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud E Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
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Robledo-Montaña J, Díaz-García C, Martínez M, Ambrosio N, Montero E, Marín MJ, Virto L, Muñoz-López M, Herrera D, Sanz M, Leza JC, García-Bueno B, Figuero E, Martín-Hernández D. Microglial morphological/inflammatory phenotypes and endocannabinoid signaling in a preclinical model of periodontitis and depression. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:219. [PMID: 39245706 PMCID: PMC11382403 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a chronic psychiatric disease of multifactorial etiology, and its pathophysiology is not fully understood. Stress and other chronic inflammatory pathologies are shared risk factors for psychiatric diseases, and comorbidities are features of major depression. Epidemiological evidence suggests that periodontitis, as a source of low-grade chronic systemic inflammation, may be associated with depression, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. METHODS Periodontitis (P) was induced in Wistar: Han rats through oral gavage with the pathogenic bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum for 12 weeks, followed by 3 weeks of chronic mild stress (CMS) to induce depressive-like behavior. The following four groups were established (n = 12 rats/group): periodontitis and CMS (P + CMS+), periodontitis without CMS, CMS without periodontitis, and control. The morphology and inflammatory phenotype of microglia in the frontal cortex (FC) were studied using immunofluorescence and bioinformatics tools. The endocannabinoid (EC) signaling and proteins related to synaptic plasticity were analyzed in FC samples using biochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. RESULTS Ultrastructural and fractal analyses of FC revealed a significant increase in the complexity and heterogeneity of Iba1 + parenchymal microglia in the combined experimental model (P + CMS+) and increased expression of the proinflammatory marker inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), while there were no changes in the expression of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2). In the FC protein extracts of the P + CMS + animals, there was a decrease in the levels of the EC metabolic enzymes N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD), diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL), and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) compared to those in the controls, which extended to protein expression in neurons and in FC extracts of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and to the intracellular signaling molecules phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). The protein levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and synaptophysin were also lower in P + CMS + animals than in controls. CONCLUSIONS The combined effects on microglial morphology and inflammatory phenotype, the EC signaling, and proteins related to synaptic plasticity in P + CMS + animals may represent relevant mechanisms explaining the association between periodontitis and depression. These findings highlight potential therapeutic targets that warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Robledo-Montaña
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (Imas12), Neurochemistry Research Institute UCM (IUIN), Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Díaz-García
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (Imas12), Neurochemistry Research Institute UCM (IUIN), Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Martínez
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Nagore Ambrosio
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Eduardo Montero
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - María José Marín
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leire Virto
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Optics, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Muñoz-López
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (Imas12), Neurochemistry Research Institute UCM (IUIN), Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Herrera
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Mariano Sanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Leza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (Imas12), Neurochemistry Research Institute UCM (IUIN), Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja García-Bueno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (Imas12), Neurochemistry Research Institute UCM (IUIN), Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Figuero
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - David Martín-Hernández
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (Imas12), Neurochemistry Research Institute UCM (IUIN), Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
- Biomedical Network Research Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Myers T, Birmingham EA, Rhoads BT, McGrath AG, Miles NA, Schuldt CB, Briand LA. Post-weaning social isolation alters sociability in a sex-specific manner. Front Behav Neurosci 2024; 18:1444596. [PMID: 39267986 PMCID: PMC11390411 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1444596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical period for brain development in humans and stress exposure during this time can have lasting effects on behavior and brain development. Social isolation and loneliness are particularly salient stressors that lead to detrimental mental health outcomes particularly in females, although most of the preclinical work on social isolation has been done in male animals. Our lab has developed a model of post-weaning adolescent social isolation that leads to increased drug reward sensitivity and altered neuronal structure in limbic brain regions. The current study utilized this model to determine the impact of adolescent social isolation on a three-chamber social interaction task both during adolescence and adulthood. We found that while post-weaning isolation does not alter social interaction during adolescence (PND45), it has sex-specific effects on social interaction in young adulthood (PND60), potentiating social interaction in male mice and decreasing it in female mice. As early life stress can activate microglia leading to alterations in neuronal pruning, we next examined the impact of inhibiting microglial activation with daily minocycline administration during the first 3 weeks of social isolation on these changes in social interaction. During adolescence, minocycline dampened social interaction in male mice, while having no effect in females. In contrast, during young adulthood, minocycline did not alter the impact of adolescent social isolation in males, with socially isolated males exhibiting higher levels of social interaction compared to their group housed counterparts. In females, adolescent minocycline treatment reversed the effect of social isolation leading to increased social interaction in the social isolation group, mimicking what is seen in naïve males. Taken together, adolescent social isolation leads to sex-specific effects on social interaction in young adulthood and adolescent minocycline treatment alters the effects of social isolation in females, but not males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teneisha Myers
- Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Birmingham
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Brigham T. Rhoads
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Anna G. McGrath
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nylah A. Miles
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Carmen B. Schuldt
- Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lisa A. Briand
- Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Bonomi R, Hillmer AT, Woodcock E, Bhatt S, Rusowicz A, Angarita GA, Carson RE, Davis MT, Esterlis I, Nabulsi N, Huang Y, Krystal JH, Pietrzak RH, Cosgrove KP. Microglia-mediated neuroimmune suppression in PTSD is associated with anhedonia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2406005121. [PMID: 39172786 PMCID: PMC11363315 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2406005121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Dynamic brain immune function in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder is rarely studied, despite evidence of peripheral immune dysfunction. Positron emission tomography brain imaging using the radiotracer [11C]PBR28 was used to measure the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO), a microglial marker, at baseline and 3 h after administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent immune activator. Data were acquired in 15 individuals with PTSD and 15 age-matched controls. The PTSD group exhibited a significantly lower magnitude LPS-induced increase in TSPO availability in an a priori prefrontal-limbic circuit compared to controls. Greater anhedonic symptoms in the PTSD group were associated with a more suppressed neuroimmune response. In addition, while a reduced granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor response to LPS was observed in the PTSD group, other measured cytokine responses and self-reported sickness symptoms did not differ between groups; these findings highlight group differences in central-peripheral immune system relationships. The results of this study provide evidence of a suppressed microglia-mediated neuroimmune response to a direct immune system insult in individuals with PTSD that is associated with the severity of symptoms. They also provide further support to an emerging literature challenging traditional concepts of microglial and immune function in psychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Bonomi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06511
| | - Ansel T. Hillmer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06511
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06519
| | - Eric Woodcock
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06511
| | - Shivani Bhatt
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06511
| | | | | | - Richard E. Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06519
| | - Margaret T. Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06511
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT06516
| | - Irina Esterlis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06511
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT06516
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06519
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06519
| | - John H. Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06511
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT06516
| | - Robert H. Pietrzak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06511
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT06516
| | - Kelly P. Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06511
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT06516
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Tripathi A, Bartosh A, Mata J, Jacks C, Madeshiya AK, Hussein U, Hong LE, Zhao Z, Pillai A. Microglial type I interferon signaling mediates chronic stress-induced synapse loss and social behavior deficits. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02675-6. [PMID: 39095477 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02675-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation and synapse loss have been associated with deficits in social behavior and are involved in pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. Synapse loss, characterized by reduction in dendritic spines can significantly disrupt synaptic connectivity and neural circuitry underlying social behavior. Chronic stress is known to induce loss of spines and dendrites in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a brain region implicated in social behavior. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In the present study, we investigated the role of type I Interferon (IFN-I) signaling in chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)-induced synapse loss and behavior deficits in mice. We found increased expression of type I IFN receptor (IFNAR) in microglia following CUS. Conditional knockout of microglial IFNAR in adult mice rescued CUS-induced social behavior deficits and synapse loss. Bulk RNA sequencing data show that microglial IFNAR deletion attenuated CUS-mediated changes in the expression of genes such as Keratin 20 (Krt20), Claudin-5 (Cldn5) and Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 1 (Nr4a1) in the PFC. Cldn5 and Nr4a1 are known for their roles in synaptic plasticity. Krt20 is an intermediate filament protein responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells. The reduction in Krt20 following CUS presents a novel insight into the potential contribution of cytokeratin in stress-induced alterations in neuroplasticity. Overall, these results suggest that microglial IFNAR plays a critical role in regulating synaptic plasticity and social behavior deficits associated with chronic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Tripathi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alona Bartosh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jocelyn Mata
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chale Jacks
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amit Kumar Madeshiya
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Usama Hussein
- Center for Precision Health, McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Precision Health, McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anilkumar Pillai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Myers T, Birmingham EA, Rhoads BT, McGrath AG, Miles NA, Schuldt CB, Briand LA. Post-weaning social isolation alters sociability in a sex-specific manner. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.11.603129. [PMID: 39026733 PMCID: PMC11257562 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.11.603129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical period for brain development in humans and stress exposure during this time can have lasting effects on behavior and brain development. Social isolation and loneliness are particularly salient stressors that lead to detrimental mental health outcomes particularly in females, although most of the preclinical work on social isolation has been done in male animals. Our lab has developed a model of post-weaning adolescent social isolation that leads to increased drug reward sensitivity and altered neuronal structure in limbic brain regions. The current study utilized this model to determine the impact of adolescent social isolation on a three-chamber social interaction task both during adolescence and adulthood. We found that while post-weaning isolation does not alter social interaction during adolescence (PND45), it has sex-specific effects on social interaction in adulthood (PND60), potentiating social interaction in male mice and decreasing it in female mice. As early life stress can activate microglia leading to alterations in neuronal pruning, we next examined the impact of inhibiting microglial activation with daily minocycline administration during the first three weeks of social isolation on these changes in social interaction. During adolescence, minocycline dampened social interaction in male mice, while having no effect in females. In contrast, during adulthood, minocycline did not alter the impact of adolescent social isolation in males, with socially isolated males exhibiting higher levels of social interaction compared to their group housed counterparts. In females, adolescent minocycline treatment reversed the effect of social isolation leading to increased social interaction in the social isolation group, mimicking what is seen in naïve males. Taken together, adolescent social isolation leads to sex-specific effects on social interaction in adulthood and adolescent minocycline treatment alters the effects of social isolation in females, but not males.
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Houle S, Tapp Z, Dobres S, Ahsan S, Reyes Y, Cotter C, Mitsch J, Zimomra Z, Peng J, Rowe RK, Lifshitz J, Sheridan J, Godbout J, Kokiko-Cochran ON. Sleep fragmentation after traumatic brain injury impairs behavior and conveys long-lasting impacts on neuroinflammation. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 38:100797. [PMID: 38803369 PMCID: PMC11128763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes a prolonged inflammatory response in the central nervous system (CNS) driven by microglia. Microglial reactivity is exacerbated by stress, which often provokes sleep disturbances. We have previously shown that sleep fragmentation (SF) stress after experimental TBI increases microglial reactivity and impairs hippocampal function 30 days post-injury (DPI). The neuroimmune response is highly dynamic the first few weeks after TBI, which is also when injury induced sleep-wake deficits are detected. Therefore, we hypothesized that even a few weeks of TBI SF stress would synergize with injury induced sleep-wake deficits to promote neuroinflammation and impair outcome. Here, we investigated the effects of environmental SF in a lateral fluid percussion model of mouse TBI. Half of the mice were undisturbed, and half were exposed to 5 h of SF around the onset of the light cycle, daily, for 14 days. All mice were then undisturbed 15-30 DPI, providing a period for SF stress recovery (SF-R). Mice exposed to SF stress slept more than those in control housing 7-14 DPI and engaged in more total daily sleep bouts during the dark period. However, SF stress did not exacerbate post-TBI sleep deficits. Testing in the Morris water maze revealed sex dependent differences in spatial reference memory 9-14 DPI with males performing worse than females. Post-TBI SF stress suppressed neurogenesis-related gene expression and increased inflammatory signaling in the cortex at 14 DPI. No differences in sleep behavior were detected between groups during the SF stress recovery period 15-30 DPI. Microscopy revealed cortical and hippocampal IBA1 and CD68 percent-area increased in TBI SF-R mice 30 DPI. Additionally, neuroinflammatory gene expression was increased, and synaptogenesis-related gene expression was suppressed in TBI-SF mice 30 DPI. Finally, IPA canonical pathway analysis showed post-TBI SF impaired and delayed activation of synapse-related pathways between 14 and 30 DPI. These data show that transient SF stress after TBI impairs recovery and conveys long-lasting impacts on neuroimmune function independent of continuous sleep deficits. Together, these finding support that even limited exposure to post-TBI SF stress can have lasting impacts on cognitive recovery and regulation of the immune response to trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Houle
- Dept. of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1858 Neil Ave, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zoe Tapp
- Dept. of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1858 Neil Ave, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Neurological Institute, The Ohio State University, 460 Medical Center Drive, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shannon Dobres
- Dept. of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1858 Neil Ave, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sakeef Ahsan
- Dept. of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1858 Neil Ave, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yvanna Reyes
- Dept. of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1858 Neil Ave, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christopher Cotter
- Dept. of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1858 Neil Ave, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jessica Mitsch
- Dept. of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1858 Neil Ave, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zachary Zimomra
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Neurological Institute, The Ohio State University, 460 Medical Center Drive, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Juan Peng
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, 320-55 Lincoln Tower, 1800 Cannon Drive, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rachel K. Rowe
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jonathan Lifshitz
- Phoenix VA Health Care System and University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - John Sheridan
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Neurological Institute, The Ohio State University, 460 Medical Center Drive, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, 305 W. 12th Ave, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan Godbout
- Dept. of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1858 Neil Ave, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Neurological Institute, The Ohio State University, 460 Medical Center Drive, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, 190 North Oval Mall, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Olga N. Kokiko-Cochran
- Dept. of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1858 Neil Ave, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Neurological Institute, The Ohio State University, 460 Medical Center Drive, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, 190 North Oval Mall, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
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10
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Cui BC, Aksenova M, Sikirzhytskaya A, Odhiambo D, Korunova E, Sikirzhytski V, Ji H, Altomare D, Broude E, Frizzell N, Booze R, Wyatt MD, Shtutman M. Suppression of HIV-TAT and cocaine-induced neurotoxicity and inflammation by cell penetrable itaconate esters. J Neurovirol 2024:10.1007/s13365-024-01216-9. [PMID: 38884890 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-024-01216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
HIV-associated neurological disorder (HAND) is a serious complication of HIV infection marked by neurotoxicity induced by viral proteins like Tat. Substance abuse exacerbates neurocognitive impairment in people living with HIV. There is an urgent need for therapeutic strategies to combat HAND comorbid with Cocaine Use Disorder (CUD). Our analysis of HIV and cocaine-induced transcriptomes in primary cortical cultures revealed significant overexpression of the macrophage-specific gene aconitate decarboxylase 1 (Acod1). The ACOD1 protein converts the tricarboxylic acid intermediate cis-aconitate into itaconate during the activation of inflammation. Itaconate then facilitates cytokine production and activates anti-inflammatory transcription factors, shielding macrophages from infection-induced cell death. However, the immunometabolic function of itaconate was unexplored in HIV and cocaine-exposed microglia. We assessed the potential of 4-octyl-itaconate (4OI), a cell-penetrable ester form of itaconate known for its anti-inflammatory properties. When primary cortical cultures exposed to Tat and cocaine were treated with 4OI, microglial cell number increased and the morphological altercations induced by Tat and cocaine were reversed. Microglial cells also appeared more ramified, resembling the quiescent microglia. 4OI treatment inhibited secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MIP1-α induced by Tat and cocaine. Transcriptome profiling determined that Nrf2 target genes were significantly activated in Tat and 4OI treated cultures relative to Tat alone. Further, genes associated with cytoskeleton dynamics in inflammatory microglia were downregulated by 4OI treatment. Together, the results strongly suggest 4-octyl-itaconate holds promise as a potential candidate for therapeutic development to treat HAND coupled with CUD comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Celia Cui
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Marina Aksenova
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Aliaksandra Sikirzhytskaya
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Diana Odhiambo
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Elizaveta Korunova
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Vitali Sikirzhytski
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Hao Ji
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Diego Altomare
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Eugenia Broude
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Norma Frizzell
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Rosemarie Booze
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Michael D Wyatt
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Michael Shtutman
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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11
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Ashraf AA, Aljuhani M, Hubens CJ, Jeandriens J, Parkes HG, Geraki K, Mahmood A, Herlihy AH, So PW. Inflammation subsequent to mild iron excess differentially alters regional brain iron metabolism, oxidation and neuroinflammation status in mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1393351. [PMID: 38836051 PMCID: PMC11148467 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1393351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron dyshomeostasis and neuroinflammation, characteristic features of the aged brain, and exacerbated in neurodegenerative disease, may induce oxidative stress-mediated neurodegeneration. In this study, the effects of potential priming with mild systemic iron injections on subsequent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in adult C57Bl/6J mice were examined. After cognitive testing, regional brain tissues were dissected for iron (metal) measurements by total reflection X-ray fluorescence and synchrotron radiation X-Ray fluorescence-based elemental mapping; and iron regulatory, ferroptosis-related, and glia-specific protein analysis, and lipid peroxidation by western blotting. Microglial morphology and astrogliosis were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Iron only treatment enhanced cognitive performance on the novel object location task compared with iron priming and subsequent LPS-induced inflammation. LPS-induced inflammation, with or without iron treatment, attenuated hippocampal heme oxygenase-1 and augmented 4-hydroxynonenal levels. Conversely, in the cortex, elevated ferritin light chain and xCT (light chain of System Xc-) were observed in response to LPS-induced inflammation, without and with iron-priming. Increased microglial branch/process lengths and astrocyte immunoreactivity were also increased by combined iron and LPS in both the hippocampus and cortex. Here, we demonstrate iron priming and subsequent LPS-induced inflammation led to iron dyshomeostasis, compromised antioxidant function, increased lipid peroxidation and altered neuroinflammatory state in a brain region-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhaar Ahmad Ashraf
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manal Aljuhani
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chantal J Hubens
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jérôme Jeandriens
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Human Biology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Harold G Parkes
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kalotina Geraki
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Ayesha Mahmood
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Po-Wah So
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Mokhtari T, Irandoost E, Sheikhbahaei F. Stress, pain, anxiety, and depression in endometriosis-Targeting glial activation and inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:111942. [PMID: 38565045 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Endometriosis (EM) is a gynecological inflammatory disease often accompanied by stress, chronic pelvic pain (CPP), anxiety, and depression, leading to a diminished quality of life. This review aims to discuss the relationship between systemic and local inflammatory responses in the central nervous system (CNS), focusing on glial dysfunctions (astrocytes and microglia) as in critical brain regions involved in emotion, cognition, pain processing, anxiety, and depression. The review presents that EM is connected to increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the circulation. Additionally, chronic stress and CPP as stressors may contribute to the dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, depleting the production of inflammatory mediators in the circulatory system and the brain. The systemic cytokines cause blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, activate microglia in the brain, and lead to neuroinflammation. Furthermore, CPP may induce neuronal morphological alterations in critical regions through central sensitization and the activation of glial cells. The activation of glial cells, particularly the polarization of microglia, leads to the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the overproduction of inflammatory cytokines. These inflammatory cytokines interact with the signaling pathways involved in neural plasticity. Additionally, persistent inflammatory conditions in the brain lead to neuronal death, which is correlated with a reduced volume of key brain regions such as the hippocampus. This review highlights the involvement of glial cells in the pathogenesis of the mental comorbidities of EM (i.e., pain, anxiety, and depression) and to discuss potential therapeutic approaches for targeting the inflammation and activation of microglia in key brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmineh Mokhtari
- Department of Pharmacology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Elnaz Irandoost
- Sarem Women's Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Sheikhbahaei
- Department of Anatomy, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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13
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Chen HJC, Spiers JG, Lerskiatiphanich T, Parker SE, Lavidis NA, Fung JN, Woodruff TM, Lee JD. Complement C5a Receptor Signaling Alters Stress Responsiveness and Modulates Microglia Following Chronic Stress Exposure. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 4:100306. [PMID: 38628385 PMCID: PMC11019103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence underscores the pivotal role of heightened inflammation in the pathophysiology of stress-related diseases, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The complement system, a key effector of the innate immune system, produces the C5-cleaved activation product C5a upon activation, initiating inflammatory responses through the canonical C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1). While C5aR1 is expressed in stress-responsive brain regions, its role in stress responsiveness remains unknown. Methods To investigate C5a-C5aR1 signaling in stress responses, mice underwent acute and chronic stress paradigms. Circulating C5a levels and messenger RNA expression of C5aR1 in the hippocampus and adrenal gland were measured. C5aR1-deficient mice were used to elucidate the effects of disrupted C5a-C5aR1 signaling across behavioral, hormonal, metabolic, and inflammation parameters. Results Chronic restraint stress elevated circulating C5a levels while reducing C5aR1 messenger RNA expression in the hippocampus and adrenal gland. Notably, the absence of C5aR1 signaling enhanced adrenal sensitivity to adrenocorticotropic hormone, concurrently reducing pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone production and enhancing the response to acute stress. C5aR1-deficient mice exhibited attenuated reductions in locomotor activity and body weight under chronic stress. Additionally, these mice displayed increased glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity and disrupted glucose and insulin homeostasis. Chronic stress induced an increase in C5aR1-expressing microglia in the hippocampus, a response mitigated in C5aR1-deficient mice. Conclusions C5a-C5aR1 signaling emerges as a key metabolic regulator during stress, suggesting that complement activation and dysfunctional C5aR1 signaling may contribute to neuroinflammatory phenotypes in stress-related disorders. The results advocate for further exploration of complement C5aR1 as a potential therapeutic target for stress-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Jou Cortina Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jereme G. Spiers
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Clear Vision Research, Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, the Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, the Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Titaya Lerskiatiphanich
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sandra E. Parker
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nickolas A. Lavidis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jenny N. Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Trent M. Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - John D. Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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McCallum RT, Thériault RK, Manduca JD, Russell ISB, Culmer AM, Doost JS, Martino TA, Perreault ML. Nrf2 activation rescues stress-induced depression-like behaviour and inflammatory responses in male but not female rats. Biol Sex Differ 2024; 15:16. [PMID: 38350966 PMCID: PMC10863247 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-024-00589-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a recurring affective disorder that is two times more prevalent in females than males. Evidence supports immune system dysfunction as a major contributing factor to MDD, notably in a sexually dimorphic manner. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a regulator of antioxidant signalling during inflammation, is dysregulated in many chronic inflammatory disorders; however, its role in depression and the associated sex differences have yet to be explored. Here, we investigated the sex-specific antidepressant and immunomodulatory effects of the potent Nrf2 activator dimethyl fumarate (DMF), as well as the associated gene expression profiles. METHODS Male and female rats were treated with vehicle or DMF (25 mg/kg) whilst subjected to 8 weeks of chronic unpredictable stress. The effect of DMF treatment on stress-induced depression- and anxiety-like behaviours, as well as deficits in recognition and spatial learning and memory were then assessed. Sex differences in hippocampal (HIP) microglial activation and gene expression response were also evaluated. RESULTS DMF treatment during stress exposure had antidepressant effects in male but not female rats, with no anxiolytic effects in either sex. Recognition learning and memory and spatial learning and memory were impaired in chronically stressed males and females, respectively, and DMF treatment rescued these deficits. DMF treatment also prevented stress-induced HIP microglial activation in males. Conversely, females displayed no HIP microglial activation associated with stress exposure. Last, chronic stress elicited sex-specific alterations in HIP gene expression, many of which were normalized in animals treated with DMF. Of note, most of the differentially expressed genes in males normalized by DMF were related to antioxidant, inflammatory or immune responses. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings support a greater role of immune processes in males than females in a rodent model of depression. This suggests that pharmacotherapies that target Nrf2 have the potential to be an effective sex-specific treatment for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T McCallum
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Rachel-Karson Thériault
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Joshua D Manduca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Isaac S B Russell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Angel M Culmer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Janan Shoja Doost
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Tami A Martino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Melissa L Perreault
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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15
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Chen D, Lou Q, Song XJ, Kang F, Liu A, Zheng C, Li Y, Wang D, Qun S, Zhang Z, Cao P, Jin Y. Microglia govern the extinction of acute stress-induced anxiety-like behaviors in male mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:449. [PMID: 38200023 PMCID: PMC10781988 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44704-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Anxiety-associated symptoms following acute stress usually become extinct gradually within a period of time. However, the mechanisms underlying how individuals cope with stress to achieve the extinction of anxiety are not clear. Here we show that acute restraint stress causes an increase in the activity of GABAergic neurons in the CeA (GABACeA) in male mice, resulting in anxiety-like behaviors within 12 hours; meanwhile, elevated GABACeA neuronal CX3CL1 secretion via MST4 (mammalian sterile-20-like kinase 4)-NF-κB-CX3CL1 signaling consequently activates microglia in the CeA. Activated microglia in turn inhibit GABACeA neuronal activity via the engulfment of their dendritic spines, ultimately leading to the extinction of anxiety-like behaviors induced by restraint stress. These findings reveal a dynamic molecular and cellular mechanism in which microglia drive a negative feedback to inhibit GABACeA neuronal activity, thus facilitating maintenance of brain homeostasis in response to acute stress.
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Grants
- 32025017 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 32121002 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82101300 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- U22A20305 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- the National Key Research and Development Program of China (STI2030-Major Projects 2021ZD0203100), Plans for Major Provincial Science & Technology Projects (202303a07020002), the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research (YSBR-013), the Innovative Research Team of High-level Local Universities in Shanghai (SHSMU-ZDCX20211902), the Institute of Health and Medicine (OYZD20220007)
- the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents (BX20220283), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023M733395)
- Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS, CAS Collaborative Innovation Program of Hefei Science Center (2021HSC-CIP013), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WK9100000030), USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative (YD9100002018), the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (2208085J30), and USTC Tang Scholar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Qianqian Lou
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xiang-Jie Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Fang Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - An Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Changjian Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Sen Qun
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- The Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine, Institute of Health and Medicine, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Peng Cao
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Yan Jin
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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16
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Horibe S, Emoto T, Mizoguchi T, Tanaka T, Kawauchi S, Sasaki N, Yamashita T, Ikeda K, Emoto N, Hirata KI, Rikitake Y. Endothelial senescence alleviates cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Glia 2024; 72:51-68. [PMID: 37610154 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is among the most prevalent age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Endothelial cell (EC) senescence was discovered in the AD brain, but its function in AD pathogenesis was unidentified. Here we created an AD mouse model with EC senescence (APP/PS1;TERF2DN mice) by intercrossing APP/PS1 mice with Tie2 promoter-driven dominant negative telomeric repeat-binding factor 2 transgenic mice (TERF2DN-Tg mice). We evaluated cognitive functions and AD brain pathology in APP/PS1;TERF2DN mice. Surprisingly, compared with the control APP/PS1 mice, APP/PS1;TERF2DN mice demonstrated the attenuation of cognitive impairment and amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology, accompanied by the compaction of Aβ plaques with increased microglial coverage and reduced neurite dystrophy. Moreover, we evaluated whether EC senescence could affect microglial morphology and phagocytosis of Aβ. Compared with wild-type mice, microglia in TERF2DN-Tg mice display increased numbers of endpoints (a morphometric parameter to quantify the number of processes) and Aβ phagocytosis and related gene expression. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis showed that compared with APP/PS1 mouse microglia, APP/PS1;TERF2DN mouse microglia displayed a modest decline in disease-associated microglia, accompanied by an altered direction of biological process branching from antigen synthesis and arrangement to ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis. Our outcomes indicate that EC senescence alters microglia toward a protective phenotype with a rise in phagocytic and barrier roles, and may offer a clue to create a novel preventive/therapeutic method to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayo Horibe
- Laboratory of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takuo Emoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Taiji Mizoguchi
- Laboratory of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toru Tanaka
- Laboratory of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shoji Kawauchi
- Comprehensive Education and Research Center, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naoto Sasaki
- Laboratory of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomoya Yamashita
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Science, Technology, and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Koji Ikeda
- Department of Epidemiology for Longevity and Regional Health, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriaki Emoto
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Hirata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Rikitake
- Laboratory of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
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17
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Kokkosis AG, Madeira MM, Hage Z, Valais K, Koliatsis D, Resutov E, Tsirka SE. Chronic psychosocial stress triggers microglial-/macrophage-induced inflammatory responses leading to neuronal dysfunction and depressive-related behavior. Glia 2024; 72:111-132. [PMID: 37675659 PMCID: PMC10842267 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic environmental stress and traumatic social experiences induce maladaptive behavioral changes and is a risk factor for major depressive disorder (MDD) and various anxiety-related psychiatric disorders. Clinical studies and animal models of chronic stress have reported that symptom severity is correlated with innate immune responses and upregulation of neuroinflammatory cytokine signaling in brain areas implicated in mood regulation (mPFC; medial Prefrontal Cortex). Despite increasing evidence implicating impairments of neuroplasticity and synaptic signaling deficits into the pathophysiology of stress-related mental disorders, how microglia may modulate neuronal homeostasis in response to chronic stress has not been defined. Here, using the repeated social defeat stress (RSDS) mouse model we demonstrate that microglial-induced inflammatory responses are regulating neuronal plasticity associated with psychosocial stress. Specifically, we show that chronic stress induces a rapid activation and proliferation of microglia as well as macrophage infiltration in the mPFC, and these processes are spatially related to neuronal activation. Moreover, we report a significant association of microglial inflammatory responses with susceptibility or resilience to chronic stress. In addition, we find that exposure to chronic stress exacerbates phagocytosis of synaptic elements and deficits in neuronal plasticity. Importantly, by utilizing two different CSF1R inhibitors (the brain penetrant PLX5622 and the non-penetrant PLX73086) we highlight a crucial role for microglia (and secondarily macrophages) in catalyzing the pathological manifestations linked to psychosocial stress in the mPFC and the resulting behavioral deficits usually associated with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros G. Kokkosis
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Miguel M. Madeira
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Zachary Hage
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Kimonas Valais
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Dimitris Koliatsis
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Emran Resutov
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Stella E. Tsirka
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
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18
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Wegener AJ, Hyer MM, Targett I, Kloster A, Shaw GA, Rodriguez AMM, Dyer SK, Neigh GN. Behavior, synaptic mitochondria, and microglia are differentially impacted by chronic adolescent stress and repeated endotoxin exposure in male and female rats. Stress 2024; 27:2299971. [PMID: 38179979 PMCID: PMC11064104 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2023.2299971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Early life adversity and chronic inflammation have both been associated with cognitive impairment and neural compromise. In this study, we investigated the interactions between a history of chronic adolescent stress (CAS) and repeated endotoxin exposure on behavior, synaptic mitochondria, and microglia in adult male and female Wistar rats. Adult rats from chronic stress and control conditions were exposed to either repeated endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) or saline injections every 3 days for 9 weeks. In both sexes, repeated LPS, regardless of stress history, impaired working memory in the Y maze. Regarding spatial memory, LPS impaired function for females; whereas, CAS altered function in males. Although males had an increase in anxiety-like behavior shortly after CAS, there were no long-term effects on anxiety-like behavior or social interaction observed in males or females. Stress did not alter synaptic mitochondrial function in either sex. Repeated LPS altered synaptic mitochondrial function such that ATP production was increased in females only. There were no observed increases in IBA-1 positive cells within the hippocampus for either sex. However, LPS and CAS altered microglia morphology in females. Impact of repeated LPS was evident at the terminal endpoint with increased spleen weight in both sexes and decreased adrenal weight in males only. Circulating cytokines were not impacted by repeated LPS at the terminal endpoint, but evidence of CAS effects on cytokines in females were evident. These data suggest a long-term impact of chronic stress and an impact of repeated endotoxin challenge in adulthood; however, not all physiological and behavioral metrics examined were impacted by the paradigm employed in this study and the two environmental challenges rarely interacted.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Wegener
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - M M Hyer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - I Targett
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - A Kloster
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - G A Shaw
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - A M M Rodriguez
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - S K Dyer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - G N Neigh
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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19
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Liu R, Gong Y, Xia C, Cao Y, Zhao C, Zhou M. Itaconate: A promising precursor for treatment of neuroinflammation associated depression. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115521. [PMID: 37717531 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation triggers the production of inflammatory factors, influences neuron generation and synaptic plasticity, thus playing an important role in the pathogenesis of depression and becoming an important direction of depression prevention and treatment. Itaconate is a metabolite secreted by macrophages in immunomodulatory responses, that has potent immunomodulatory effects and has been proven to exert anti-inflammatory effects in a variety of diseases. Microglia are mononuclear macrophages that reside in the central nervous system (CNS), and may be the source of endogenous itaconate in the brain. Itaconate can directly inhibit succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), reduce the production of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3), activate nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), and block glycolysis, and thereby improving the depressive symptoms associated with the above mechanisms. Notably, itaconate also indirectly ameliorates the depressive symptoms associated with some inflammatory diseases. With the optimization of the structure and the development of new delivery systems, the application value and therapeutic potential of itaconate have been significantly improved. Dimethyl itaconate (DI) and 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI), cell-permeable derivatives of itaconate, are more suitable for crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), exhibiting therapeutic effects in the research of multiple diseases. This article provides an overview of the immunomodulatory effects of itaconate and its potential therapeutic efficacy in inflammatory depression, focusing on the promising application of itaconate as a precursor of antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruisi Liu
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yueling Gong
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chenyi Xia
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yemin Cao
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China.
| | - Mingmei Zhou
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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20
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Denes V, Lukats A, Szarka G, Subicz R, Mester A, Kovacs-Valasek A, Geck P, Berta G, Herczeg R, Postyeni E, Gyenesei A, Gabriel R. Long-term Effects of the pituitary-adenylate cyclase-activating Polypeptide (PACAP38) in the Adult Mouse Retina: Microglial Activation and Induction of Neural Proliferation. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:3430-3446. [PMID: 37466802 PMCID: PMC10514177 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03989-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The degenerative retinal disorders characterized by progressive cell death and exacerbating inflammation lead ultimately to blindness. The ubiquitous neuropeptide, PACAP38 is a promising therapeutic agent as its proliferative potential and suppressive effect on microglia might enable cell replacement and attenuate inflammation, respectively. Our previous finding that PACAP38 caused a marked increase of the amacrine cells in the adult (1-year-old) mouse retina, served as a rationale of the current study. We aimed to determine the proliferating elements and the inflammatory status of the PACAP38-treated retina. Three months old mice were intravitreally injected with 100 pmol PACAP38 at 3 months intervals (3X). Retinas of 1-year-old animals were dissected and effects on cell proliferation, and expression of inflammatory regulators were analyzed. Interestingly, both mitogenic and anti-mitogenic actions were detected after PACAP38-treatment. Further analysis of the mitogenic effect revealed that proliferating cells include microglia, endothelial cells, and neurons of the ganglion cell layer but not amacrine cells. Furthermore, PACAP38 stimulated retinal microglia to polarize dominantly into M2-phenotype but also might cause subsequent angiogenesis. According to our results, PACAP38 might dampen pro-inflammatory responses and help tissue repair by reprogramming microglia into an M2 phenotype, nonetheless, with angiogenesis as a warning side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Denes
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pécs, 6 Ifjúság str, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary.
| | - Akos Lukats
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Translational Retina Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Szarka
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pécs, 6 Ifjúság str, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Rovena Subicz
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pécs, 6 Ifjúság str, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Mester
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pécs, 6 Ifjúság str, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Andrea Kovacs-Valasek
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pécs, 6 Ifjúság str, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Peter Geck
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Gergely Berta
- Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscope Laboratory, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Robert Herczeg
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, Bioinformatics Research Group, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság str, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Etelka Postyeni
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pécs, 6 Ifjúság str, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Attila Gyenesei
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, Bioinformatics Research Group, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság str, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Robert Gabriel
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pécs, 6 Ifjúság str, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
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21
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Liu J, Geraghty JR, Schram S, Cropper HC, Lei J, Loeb JA, Song F. Prevention of Alzheimer Pathology by Blocking Neuregulin Signaling on Microglia. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0422-23.2023. [PMID: 37903620 PMCID: PMC10644371 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0422-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plaque formation, microglial activation, and synaptic loss are pathologic hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease; however, removing plaques has had little clinical benefit. Here, we show that neuregulin-1, a glial growth factor, induces inflammatory cytokines and promotes phagocytic activity in vitro and augments microglial activation and plaque formation in 5XFAD Alzheimer's mice. Brain-specific targeting of neuregulin-1 by intraventricular delivery of a novel neuregulin-1 fusion protein antagonist, GlyB4, significantly alters microglial morphology and function to a nonpathogenic morphology in early-stage 5XFAD mice and prevents plaques from forming. Once plaques have already formed, GlyB4 reduces new plaque formation and prevents synaptic loss. Selective, targeted disruption of neuregulin-1 signaling on brain microglia with GlyB4 could be a novel "upstream" approach to slow or stop disease progression in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Liu
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Joseph R Geraghty
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Sarah Schram
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Haley C Cropper
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Justin Lei
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Jeffrey A Loeb
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Fei Song
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
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22
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Shehata AH, Anter AF, Ahmed ASF. Role of SIRT1 in sepsis-induced encephalopathy: Molecular targets for future therapies. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:4211-4235. [PMID: 37840012 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis induces neuroinflammation, BBB disruption, cerebral hypoxia, neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death causing sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). These pathological consequences lead to short- and long-term neurobehavioural deficits. Till now there is no specific treatment that directly improves SAE and its associated behavioural impairments. In this review, we discuss the underlying mechanisms of sepsis-induced brain injury with a focus on the latest progress regarding neuroprotective effects of SIRT1 (silent mating type information regulation-2 homologue-1). SIRT1 is an NAD+ -dependent class III protein deacetylase. It is able to modulate multiple downstream signals (including NF-κB, HMGB, AMPK, PGC1α and FoxO), which are involved in the development of SAE by its deacetylation activity. There are multiple recent studies showing the neuroprotective effects of SIRT1 in neuroinflammation related diseases. The proposed neuroprotective action of SIRT1 is meant to bring a promising therapeutic strategy for managing SAE and ameliorating its related behavioural deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa H Shehata
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Aliaa F Anter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Al-Shaimaa F Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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23
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Cui BC, Aksenova M, Sikirzhytskaya A, Odhiambo D, Korunova E, Sikirzhytski V, Ji H, Altomare D, Broude E, Frizzell N, Booze R, Wyatt MD, Shtutman M. Suppression of HIV and cocaine-induced neurotoxicity and inflammation by cell penetrable itaconate esters. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.25.559154. [PMID: 37808776 PMCID: PMC10557618 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.25.559154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
HIV-associated neurological disorder (HAND) is a serious complication of HIV infection, marked by neurotoxicity induced by viral proteins like Tat. Substance abuse exacerbates neurocognitive impairment in people living with HIV. There is an urgent need for effective therapeutic strategies to combat HAND comorbid with Cocaine Use Disorder (CUD). Our analysis of the HIV and cocaine-induced transcriptomes in primary cortical cultures revealed a significant overexpression of the macrophage-specific gene, aconitate decarboxylase 1 (Acod1), caused by the combined insults of HIV and cocaine. ACOD1 protein converts the tricarboxylic acid intermediate cis-aconitate into itaconate during the activation of inflammation. The itaconate produced facilitates cytokine production and subsequently activates anti-inflammatory transcription factors, shielding macrophages from infection-induced cell death. While the role of itaconate' in limiting inflammation has been studied in peripheral macrophages, its immunometabolic function remains unexplored in HIV and cocaine-exposed microglia. We assessed in this model system the potential of 4-octyl-itaconate (4OI), a cell-penetrable esterified form of itaconate known for its potent anti-inflammatory properties and potential therapeutic applications. We administered 4OI to primary cortical cultures exposed to Tat and cocaine. 4OI treatment increased the number of microglial cells in both untreated and Tat±Cocaine-treated cultures and also reversed the morphological altercations induced by Tat and cocaine. In the presence of 4OI, microglial cells also appeared more ramified, resembling the quiescent microglia. Consistent with these results, 4OI treatment inhibited the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MIP1-α induced by Tat and cocaine. Transcriptome profiling further determined that Nrf2 target genes such as NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (Nqo1), Glutathione S-transferase Pi (Gstp1), and glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic (Gclc), were most significantly activated in Tat-4OI treated cultures, relative to Tat alone. Further, genes associated with cytoskeleton dynamics in inflammatory microglia were downregulated by 4OI treatment. Together, the results strongly suggest 4-octyl-itaconate holds promise as a potential candidate for therapeutic development aimed at addressing HAND coupled with CUD comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Celia Cui
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Marina Aksenova
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Aliaksandra Sikirzhytskaya
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Diana Odhiambo
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Elizaveta Korunova
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Vitali Sikirzhytski
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Hao Ji
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Diego Altomare
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Eugenia Broude
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Norma Frizzell
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Rosemarie Booze
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Michael D. Wyatt
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Michael Shtutman
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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24
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Nieto-Quero A, Infantes-López MI, Zambrana-Infantes E, Chaves-Peña P, Gavito AL, Munoz-Martin J, Tabbai S, Márquez J, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, García-Fernández MI, Santín LJ, Pedraza C, Pérez-Martín M. Unveiling the Secrets of the Stressed Hippocampus: Exploring Proteomic Changes and Neurobiology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Cells 2023; 12:2290. [PMID: 37759512 PMCID: PMC10527244 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intense stress, especially traumatic stress, can trigger disabling responses and in some cases even lead to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is heterogeneous, accompanied by a range of distress symptoms and treatment-resistant disorders that may be associated with a number of other psychopathologies. PTSD is a very heterogeneous disorder with different subtypes that depend on, among other factors, the type of stressor that provokes it. However, the neurobiological mechanisms are poorly understood. The study of early stress responses may hint at the way PTSD develops and improve the understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms involved in its onset, opening the opportunity for possible preventive treatments. Proteomics is a promising strategy for characterizing these early mechanisms underlying the development of PTSD. The aim of the work was to understand how exposure to acute and intense stress using water immersion restraint stress (WIRS), which could be reminiscent of natural disaster, may induce several PTSD-associated symptoms and changes in the hippocampal proteomic profile. The results showed that exposure to WIRS induced behavioural symptoms and corticosterone levels reminiscent of PTSD. Moreover, the expression profiles of hippocampal proteins at 1 h and 24 h after stress were deregulated in favour of increased inflammation and reduced neuroplasticity, which was validated by histological studies and cytokine determination. Taken together, these results suggest that neuroplastic and inflammatory dysregulation may be a therapeutic target for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nieto-Quero
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (A.N.-Q.); (E.Z.-I.); (S.T.); (L.J.S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (M.I.I.-L.); (A.L.G.); (J.M.); (F.R.d.F.); (M.I.G.-F.)
| | - María Inmaculada Infantes-López
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (M.I.I.-L.); (A.L.G.); (J.M.); (F.R.d.F.); (M.I.G.-F.)
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (P.C.-P.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - Emma Zambrana-Infantes
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (A.N.-Q.); (E.Z.-I.); (S.T.); (L.J.S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (M.I.I.-L.); (A.L.G.); (J.M.); (F.R.d.F.); (M.I.G.-F.)
| | - Patricia Chaves-Peña
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (P.C.-P.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - Ana L. Gavito
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (M.I.I.-L.); (A.L.G.); (J.M.); (F.R.d.F.); (M.I.G.-F.)
| | - Jose Munoz-Martin
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (P.C.-P.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - Sara Tabbai
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (A.N.-Q.); (E.Z.-I.); (S.T.); (L.J.S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (M.I.I.-L.); (A.L.G.); (J.M.); (F.R.d.F.); (M.I.G.-F.)
| | - Javier Márquez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (M.I.I.-L.); (A.L.G.); (J.M.); (F.R.d.F.); (M.I.G.-F.)
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Canceromics Lab, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (M.I.I.-L.); (A.L.G.); (J.M.); (F.R.d.F.); (M.I.G.-F.)
| | - María Inmaculada García-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (M.I.I.-L.); (A.L.G.); (J.M.); (F.R.d.F.); (M.I.G.-F.)
- Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Histología Humana, Anatomía Patológica y Educación Física y Deportiva, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Luis J. Santín
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (A.N.-Q.); (E.Z.-I.); (S.T.); (L.J.S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (M.I.I.-L.); (A.L.G.); (J.M.); (F.R.d.F.); (M.I.G.-F.)
| | - Carmen Pedraza
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (A.N.-Q.); (E.Z.-I.); (S.T.); (L.J.S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (M.I.I.-L.); (A.L.G.); (J.M.); (F.R.d.F.); (M.I.G.-F.)
| | - Margarita Pérez-Martín
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (M.I.I.-L.); (A.L.G.); (J.M.); (F.R.d.F.); (M.I.G.-F.)
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (P.C.-P.); (J.M.-M.)
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Soteros BM, Tillmon H, Wollet M, General J, Chin H, Lee JB, Carreno FR, Morilak DA, Kim JH, Sia GM. Heterogeneous complement and microglia activation mediates stress-induced synapse loss. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.28.546889. [PMID: 37425856 PMCID: PMC10327081 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.28.546889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Spatially heterogeneous synapse loss is a characteristic of many psychiatric and neurological disorders, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we show that spatially-restricted complement activation mediates stress-induced heterogeneous microglia activation and synapse loss localized to the upper layers of the mouse medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Single cell RNA sequencing also reveals a stress-associated microglia state marked by high expression of the apolipoprotein E gene (ApoE high ) localized to the upper layers of the mPFC. Mice lacking complement component C3 are protected from stress-induced layer-specific synapse loss, and the ApoE high microglia population is markedly reduced in the mPFC of these mice. Furthermore, C3 knockout mice are also resilient to stress-induced anhedonia and working memory behavioral deficits. Our findings suggest that region-specific complement and microglia activation can contribute to the disease-specific spatially restricted patterns of synapse loss and clinical symptoms found in many brain diseases.
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Brás JP, Pinto S, von Doellinger O, Prata J, Coelho R, Barbosa MA, Almeida MI, Santos SG. Combining inflammatory miRNA molecules as diagnostic biomarkers for depression: a clinical study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1227618. [PMID: 37575572 PMCID: PMC10413105 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1227618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation has been implicated in core features of depression pathophysiology and treatment resistance. Therefore, new challenges in the discovery of inflammatory mediators implicated in depression have emerged. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been found aberrantly expressed in several pathologies, increasing their potential as biomarkers and therapeutical targets. In this study, the aim was to assess the changes and biomarker potential of inflammation-related miRNAs in depression patients. Methods Depression diagnosis was performed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). 40 healthy controls and 32 depression patients were included in the study. The levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured in plasma, and expression levels of cytokines and inflammation-related miRNAs were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Results Depression patients were found to have a pro-inflammatory profile in plasma, with significantly higher levels of TNF-α and CCL2 compared with controls. In PBMCs of depression patients, TNF-α and IL-6 expression levels were significantly up and downregulated, respectively. Moreover, miR-342 levels were found upregulated, while miR-146a and miR-155 were significantly downregulated. miR-342 expression levels were positively correlated with TNF-α. Importantly, when analyzed as a diagnostic panel, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis of miR-342, miR-146a, miR-155 in combination, showed to be highly specific and sensitive in distinguishing between depression patients and healthy controls. Conclusion In summary, these findings suggest that inflammation-related miRNAs are aberrantly expressed in depression patients. Moreover, we show evidences on the potential of the combination of dysregulated miRNAs as a powerful diagnostic tool for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Brás
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Pinto
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FMUP-Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Orlando von Doellinger
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FMUP-Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departmento de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Centro Hospitalar do Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Joana Prata
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FMUP-Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Rui Coelho
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FMUP-Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departmento de Neurociências Clínicas e Saúde Mental, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário Adolfo Barbosa
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Inês Almeida
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Gomes Santos
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Quagliato LA, Nardi AE. The interplay between sexual abuse and inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage in drug-naïve panic disorder patients. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2995-3001. [PMID: 37131075 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Although accumulating evidence suggests an interplay between child abuse and inflammatory processes and the pathophysiology of mental disorders, few studies have investigated the cellular mechanisms related to this matter. Furthermore, no studies to date have evaluated cytokine, oxidative stress, and DNA damage levels in drug-naïve panic disorder (PD) patients and their possible association with childhood trauma. The aim of the present study was to determine the levels of the proinflammatory interleukin (IL)-1B, the oxidative stress marker TBARS, and 8-hydroxy-2' -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG; representing DNA damage) in drug-naïve PD patients compared to controls. Furthermore, this investigation aimed to determine whether early-life trauma could predict peripheral levels of the previously mentioned markers in unmedicated PD patients. This work showed that drug-naïve PD patients presented elevated levels of TBARS and IL-1B but not 8-OHdG compared to healthy controls. In addition, sexual abuse during childhood was associated with increased levels of IL-1B in PD patients. Our findings suggest that the microglial NLRP3 inflammasome complex might be activated in drug-naïve PD patients. This study is the first to associated sexual abuse with increased levels of IL-1B in drug-naïve PD patients and to demonstrate that this population presents high concentrations of oxidative stress and inflammation markers but not DNA damage markers when compared to healthy controls. Independent replication of these findings would support further clinical trials of inflammasome inhibitory drugs in PD patients, which could lead to effective novel treatments for people with PD and contribute to elucidating pathophysiological differences depending on trauma exposure in the immune disturbances accompanying PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiana A Quagliato
- Laboratory of Panic & Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Venceslau Bras 71, zip code: 22270-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Antonio E Nardi
- Laboratory of Panic & Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Venceslau Bras 71, zip code: 22270-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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28
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Infantes-López MI, Nieto-Quero A, Chaves-Peña P, Zambrana-Infantes E, Cifuentes M, Márquez J, Pedraza C, Pérez-Martín M. New insights into hypothalamic neurogenesis disruption after acute and intense stress: implications for microglia and inflammation. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1190418. [PMID: 37425000 PMCID: PMC10327603 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1190418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the hypothalamus has emerged as a new neurogenic area, capable of generating new neurons after development. Neurogenesis-dependent neuroplasticity seems to be critical to continuously adapt to internal and environmental changes. Stress is a potent environmental factor that can produce potent and enduring effects on brain structure and function. Acute and chronic stress is known to cause alterations in neurogenesis and microglia in classical adult neurogenic regions such as the hippocampus. The hypothalamus is one of the major brain regions implicated in homeostatic stress and emotional stress systems, but little is known about the effect of stress on the hypothalamus. Here, we studied the impact of acute and intense stress (water immersion and restrain stress, WIRS), which may be considered as an inducer of an animal model of posttraumatic stress disorder, on neurogenesis and neuroinflammation in the hypothalamus of adult male mice, focusing on three nuclei: PVN, VMN and ARC, and also in the periventricular area. Our data revealed that a unique stressor was sufficient to provoke a significant impact on hypothalamic neurogenesis by inducing a reduction in the proliferation and number of immature neurons identified as DCX+ cells. These differences were accompanied by marked microglial activation in the VMN and ARC, together with a concomitant increase in IL-6 levels, indicating that WIRS induced an inflammatory response. To investigate the possible molecular mechanisms responsible for neuroplastic and inflammatory changes, we tried to identify proteomic changes. The data revealed that WIRS induced changes in the hypothalamic proteome, modifying the abundance of three and four proteins after 1 h or 24 h of stress application, respectively. These changes were also accompanied by slight changes in the weight and food intake of the animals. These results are the first to show that even a short-term environmental stimulus such as acute and intense stress can have neuroplastic, inflammatory, functional and metabolic consequences on the adult hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Inmaculada Infantes-López
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina–IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
| | - Andrea Nieto-Quero
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina–IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Patricia Chaves-Peña
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Emma Zambrana-Infantes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina–IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Cifuentes
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina–IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
| | - Javier Márquez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina–IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Canceromics Lab, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Carmen Pedraza
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina–IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Margarita Pérez-Martín
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina–IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
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Kim HJ, You MJ, Sung S, Rim C, Kwon MS. Possible involvement of microglial P2RY12 and peripheral IL-10 in postpartum depression. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1162966. [PMID: 37396924 PMCID: PMC10309556 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1162966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) is another type of depression, including emotional fluctuation, fatigue, and anxiety. Based on the specific event like giving birth, it can be speculated that PPD might have its specific mechanism. Here, we confirmed that dexamethasone (DEX) administration during pregnancy (gestational days 16-18) induced depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors in dam (DEX-dam) after weaning period (3 weeks). DEX-dam showed anxiety-like behaviors in open-field test (OFT) and light-dark test (LD). In addition, DEX-dam exhibited depressive-like behaviors with the increased immobility time in forced swimming test (TST). Molecular analysis confirmed that microglia, rather than neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, are involved in anxiety-/depressive-like behaviors. Notably, P2ry12, homeostatic gene, and purinoceptor, along with hyper-ramified form, were reduced in the hippocampus of DEX-dam. In addition, we found that IL-10 mRNA was reduced in lymph nodes without alteration of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Interestingly, anxiety-/depressive-like behaviors of DEX-dam were restored with the normalization of P2ry12 and IL-10 after 10 weeks postpartum without antidepressants. Our results propose that stress hormone elevation during pregnancy might be associated with PPD via microglial P2RY12 and peripheral IL-10.
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Ramírez-Rodríguez GB, Meneses San-Juan D, Rico-Becerra AI, González-Olvera JJ, Reyes-Galindo V. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and fluoxetine reverse depressive-like behavior but with differential effects on Olig2-positive cells in chronically stressed mice. Neuropharmacology 2023; 236:109567. [PMID: 37209812 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a mood disorder coursing with several behavioral, cellular, and neurochemical alterations. The negative impact of chronic stress may precipitate this neuropsychiatric disorder. Interestingly, downregulation of oligodendrocyte-related genes, abnormal myelin structure, and reduced numbers and density of oligodendrocytes in the limbic system have been identified in patients diagnosed with depression, but also in rodents exposed to chronic mild stress (CMS). Several reports have emphasized the importance of pharmacological or stimulation-related strategies in influencing oligodendrocytes in the hippocampal neurogenic niche. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has gained attention as an intervention to revert depression. Here, we hypothesized that 5 Hz (Hz) of rTMS or Fluoxetine (Flx) would revert depressive-like behaviors by influencing oligodendrocytes and revert neurogenic alterations caused by CMS in female Swiss Webster mice. Our results showed that 5 Hz rTMS or Flx revert depressive-like behavior. Only rTMS influenced oligodendrocytes by increasing the number of Olig2-positive cells in the hilus of the dentate gyrus and the prefrontal cortex. However, both strategies exerted effects on some events of the hippocampal neurogenic processes, such as cell proliferation (Ki67-positive cells), survival (CldU-positive cells), and intermediate stages (doublecortin-positive cells) along the dorsal-ventral axis of this region. Interestingly, the combination of rTMS-Flx exerted antidepressant-like effects, but the increased number of Olig2-positive cells observed in mice treated only with rTMS was canceled. However, rTMS-Flx exerted a synergistic effect by increasing the number of Ki67-positive cells. It also increased the number of CldU- and doublecortin-positive cells in the dentate gyrus. Our results demonstrate that 5 Hz rTMS has beneficial effects, as it reverted depressive-like behavior by increasing the number of Olig2-positive cells and reverting the decrement in hippocampal neurogenesis in CMS-exposed mice. Nevertheless, the effects of rTMS on other glial cells require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Bernabé Ramírez-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurogénesis, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Alcaldía Tlalpan, C.P, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - David Meneses San-Juan
- Laboratorio de Neurogénesis, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Alcaldía Tlalpan, C.P, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Allan Irasek Rico-Becerra
- Laboratorio de Neurogénesis, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Alcaldía Tlalpan, C.P, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Licenciatura en Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Interior, Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Alcaldía Coyoacán, C.P, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jorge Julio González-Olvera
- Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calzada México-Xochimilco 101. Alcaldía Tlalpan, C.P, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Verónica Reyes-Galindo
- Instituto de Ecología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Interior, Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria. Alcaldía Coyoacán, C.P, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Su W, Ju J, Gu M, Wang X, Liu S, Yu J, Mu D. SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein triggers depression-like behaviors and dysosmia via TLR2-mediated neuroinflammation in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:110. [PMID: 37158916 PMCID: PMC10166055 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02786-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and dysosmia have been regarded as primary neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients, the mechanism of which remains unclear. Current studies have demonstrated that the SARS-CoV-2 envelope (E) protein is a pro-inflammatory factor sensed by Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), suggesting the pathological feature of E protein is independent of viral infection. In this study, we aim to ascertain the role of E protein in depression, dysosmia and associated neuroinflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). METHODS Depression-like behaviors and olfactory function were observed in both female and male mice receiving intracisternal injection of E protein. Immunohistochemistry was applied in conjunction with RT-PCR to evaluate glial activation, blood-brain barrier status and mediators synthesis in the cortex, hippocampus and olfactory bulb. TLR2 was pharmacologically blocked to determine its role in E protein-related depression-like behaviors and dysosmia in mice. RESULTS Intracisternal injection of E protein evoked depression-like behaviors and dysosmia in both female and male mice. Immunohistochemistry suggested that the E protein upregulated IBA1 and GFAP in the cortex, hippocampus and olfactory bulb, while ZO-1 was downregulated. Moreover, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, CCL2, MMP2 and CSF1 were upregulated in both cortex and hippocampus, whereas IL-1β, IL-6 and CCL2 were upregulated in the olfactory bulb. Furtherly, inhibiting microglia, rather than astrocytes, alleviated depression-like behaviors and dysosmia induced by E protein. Finally, RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry suggested that TLR2 was upregulated in the cortex, hippocampus and olfactory bulb, the blocking of which mitigated depression-like behaviors and dysosmia induced by E protein. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that envelope protein could directly induce depression-like behaviors, dysosmia, and obvious neuroinflammation in CNS. TLR2 mediated depression-like behaviors and dysosmia induced by envelope protein, which could serve as a promising therapeutic target for neurological manifestation in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahang Ju
- Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121 China
| | - Minghui Gu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaozhuang Liu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Sanhao Street 36, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning China
| | - Jiawen Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dongliang Mu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Li J, Tong L, Schock BC, Ji LL. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: Focus on Neuroinflammation. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3963-3978. [PMID: 37004607 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03320-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), gaining increasing attention, is a multifaceted psychiatric disorder that occurs following a stressful or traumatic event or series of events. Recently, several studies showed a close relationship between PTSD and neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation, a defense response of the nervous system, is associated with the activation of neuroimmune cells such as microglia and astrocytes and with changes in inflammatory markers. In this review, we first analyzed the relationship between neuroinflammation and PTSD: the effect of stress-derived activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis on the main immune cells in the brain and the effect of stimulated immune cells in the brain on the HPA axis. We then summarize the alteration of inflammatory markers in brain regions related to PTSD. Astrocytes are neural parenchymal cells that protect neurons by regulating the ionic microenvironment around neurons. Microglia are macrophages of the brain that coordinate the immunological response. Recent studies on these two cell types provided new insight into neuroinflammation in PTSD. These contribute to promoting comprehension of neuroinflammation, which plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimeng Li
- Department of 2nd Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lei Tong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bettina C Schock
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast Faculty of Medicine Health and Life Sciences, Belfast, UK
| | - Li-Li Ji
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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The Pathological Activation of Microglia Is Modulated by Sexually Dimorphic Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054739. [PMID: 36902168 PMCID: PMC10003784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the primary immunocompetent cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Their ability to survey, assess and respond to perturbations in their local environment is critical in their role of maintaining CNS homeostasis in health and disease. Microglia also have the capability of functioning in a heterogeneous manner depending on the nature of their local cues, as they can become activated on a spectrum from pro-inflammatory neurotoxic responses to anti-inflammatory protective responses. This review seeks to define the developmental and environmental cues that support microglial polarization towards these phenotypes, as well as discuss sexually dimorphic factors that can influence this process. Further, we describe a variety of CNS disorders including autoimmune disease, infection, and cancer that demonstrate disparities in disease severity or diagnosis rates between males and females, and posit that microglial sexual dimorphism underlies these differences. Understanding the mechanism behind differential CNS disease outcomes between men and women is crucial in the development of more effective targeted therapies.
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Wang J, Chen HS, Li HH, Wang HJ, Zou RS, Lu XJ, Wang J, Nie BB, Wu JF, Li S, Shan BC, Wu PF, Long LH, Hu ZL, Chen JG, Wang F. Microglia-dependent excessive synaptic pruning leads to cortical underconnectivity and behavioral abnormality following chronic social defeat stress in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 109:23-36. [PMID: 36581303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapse loss in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been implicated in stress-related mood disorders, such as depression. However, the exact effect of synapse elimination in the depression and how it is triggered are largely unknown. Through repeated longitudinal imaging of mPFC in the living brain, we found both presynaptic and postsynaptic components were declined, together with the impairment of synapse remodeling and cross-synaptic signal transmission in the mPFC during chronic stress. Meanwhile, chronic stress also induced excessive microglia phagocytosis, leading to engulfment of excitatory synapses. Further investigation revealed that the elevated complement C3 during the stress acted as the tag of synapses to be eliminated by microglia. Besides, chronic stress induced a reduction of the connectivity between the mPFC and neighbor regions. C3 knockout mice displayed significant reduction of synaptic pruning and alleviation of disrupted functional connectivity in mPFC, resulting in more resilience to chronic stress. These results indicate that complement-mediated excessive microglia phagocytosis in adulthood induces synaptic dysfunction and cortical hypo-connectivity, leading to stress-related behavioral abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hou-Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hua-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ruo-Si Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Jia Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin-Bin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin-Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bao-Ci Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng-Fei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei 430030, China; The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, 430030 Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Wuhan City, Hubei 430030, China; Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Hong Long
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei 430030, China; The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, 430030 Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Wuhan City, Hubei 430030, China; Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuang-Li Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei 430030, China; The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, 430030 Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Wuhan City, Hubei 430030, China; Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China.
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei 430030, China; The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, 430030 Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Wuhan City, Hubei 430030, China; Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei 430030, China; The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, 430030 Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Wuhan City, Hubei 430030, China; Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China.
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Cheng D, Qin ZS, Zheng Y, Xie JY, Liang SS, Zhang JL, Feng YB, Zhang ZJ. Minocycline, a classic antibiotic, exerts psychotropic effects by normalizing microglial neuroinflammation-evoked tryptophan-kynurenine pathway dysregulation in chronically stressed male mice. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 107:305-318. [PMID: 36332817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of tryptophan-kynurenine pathway (TKP) is extensively involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease, depression, and neurodegenerative disorders. Minocycline, a classic antibiotic, may exert psychotropic effects associated with the modulation of TKP. In this study, we examined the effects of minocycline in improving behaviour and modulating TKP components in chronically stressed male mice. Following repeated treatment with 22.5 mg/kg and 45 mg/kg minocycline for 27 days, the stressed mice particularly with higher dose displayed significant improvement on cognitive impairment, depression- and anxiety-like behaviour. Minocycline suppressed stress-induced overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and restored anti-inflammatory cytokines. Chronic stress dramatically suppressed blood and prefrontal cortical levels of the primary substrate tryptophan (TRP), the neuroprotective metabolite kynurenic acid (KYNA), and KYNA/KYN ratio, but increased the intermediate kynurenine (KYN), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), KYN/TRP ratio, and the neurotoxic metabolite quinolinic acid (QUIN). Minocycline partially or completely reversed changes in these components. Minocycline also inhibited stress-induced overexpression of QUIN-related enzymes, indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1(iDO-1), kynureninase (KYNU), kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO), 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase (3-HAO), but rescued the decreased expression of kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT) in brain regions. Behavioral improvements were correlated with multiple TKP metabolites and enzymes. These results suggest that the psychotropic effects of minocycline are mainly associated with the restoration of biodistribution of the primary substrate in the brain and normalization of neuroinflammation-evoked TKP dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Cheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zong-Shi Qin
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun-Ya Xie
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sui-Sha Liang
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jia-Ling Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi-Bin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhang-Jin Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (HKU-SZH), Shenzhen, China.
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36
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Bathini P, Dupanloup I, Zenaro E, Terrabuio E, Fischer A, Ballabani E, Doucey MA, Alberi L. Systemic Inflammation Causes Microglial Dysfunction With a Vascular AD phenotype. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 28:100568. [PMID: 36704658 PMCID: PMC9871075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies in rodents and humans have indicated that inflammation outside CNS (systemic inflammation) affects brain homeostasis contributing to neurodevelopmental disorders. Itis becoming increasingly evident that such early insults may also belinked to neurodegenerative diseases like late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Importantly, lifestyle and stress, such as viral or bacterial infection causing chronic inflammation, may contribute to neurodegenerative dementia. Systemic inflammatory response triggers a cascade of neuroinflammatory responses, altering brain transcriptome, cell death characteristic of AD, and vascular dementia. Our study aimed to assess the temporal evolution of the pathological impact of systemic inflammation evoked by prenatal and early postnatal peripheral exposure of viral mimetic Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (PolyI:C) and compare the hippocampal transcriptomic changes with the profiles of human post-mortem AD and vascular dementia brain specimens. Methods We have engineered the PolyI:C sterile infection model in wildtype C57BL6 mice to achieve chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. We have conducted a cross-sectional analysis of aging PolyI:C and Saline control mice (3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 16 months), taking the hippocampus as a reference brain region, and compared the brain aging phenotype to AD progression in humans with mild AD, severe AD, and Controls (CTL), in parallel to Vascular dementia (VaD) patients' specimens. Results We found that PolyI:C mice display both peripheral and central inflammation with a peak at 6 months, associated with memory deficits. The hippocampus is characterized by a pronounced and progressive tauopathy. In PolyI:C brains, microglia undergo aging-dependent morphological shifts progressively adopting a phagocytic phenotype. Transcriptomic analysis reveals a profound change in gene expression throughout aging, with a peak in differential expression at 9 months. We show that the proinflammatory marker Lcn2 is one of the genes with the strongest upregulation in PolyI:C mice upon aging. Validation in brains from patients with increasing severity of AD and VaD shows the reproducibility of some gene targets in vascular dementia specimens as compared to AD ones. Conclusions The PolyI:C model of sterile infection demonstrates that peripheral chronic inflammation causes progressive tau hyperphosphorylation, changes in microglia morphology, astrogliosis and gene reprogramming reflecting increased neuroinflammation, vascular remodeling, and the loss of neuronal functionality seen to some extent in human AD and Vascular dementia suggesting early immune insults could be crucial in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Bathini
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland,Corresponding author.
| | | | - Elena Zenaro
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Terrabuio
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Amrei Fischer
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Edona Ballabani
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Lavinia Alberi
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland,Swiss Integrative Center for Human Health, Fribourg, Switzerland,Corresponding author. Swiss Integrative Centre of Human Health, Passage du Cardinal 13B, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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37
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Dubey H, Sharma RK, Krishnan S, Knickmeyer R. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) as a possible risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1021721. [PMID: 36590303 PMCID: PMC9800937 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1021721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnant women constitute one of the most vulnerable populations to be affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the cause of coronavirus disease 2019. SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy could negatively impact fetal brain development via multiple mechanisms. Accumulating evidence indicates that mother to fetus transmission of SARS-CoV-2 does occur, albeit rarely. When it does occur, there is a potential for neuroinvasion via immune cells, retrograde axonal transport, and olfactory bulb and lymphatic pathways. In the absence of maternal to fetal transmission, there is still the potential for negative neurodevelopmental outcomes as a consequence of disrupted placental development and function leading to preeclampsia, preterm birth, and intrauterine growth restriction. In addition, maternal immune activation may lead to hypomyelination, microglial activation, white matter damage, and reduced neurogenesis in the developing fetus. Moreover, maternal immune activation can disrupt the maternal or fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis leading to altered neurodevelopment. Finally, pro-inflammatory cytokines can potentially alter epigenetic processes within the developing brain. In this review, we address each of these potential mechanisms. We propose that SARS-CoV-2 could lead to neurodevelopmental disorders in a subset of pregnant women and that long-term studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harikesh Dubey
- Division of Neuroengineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Sciences and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Ravindra K. Sharma
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Suraj Krishnan
- Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Rebecca Knickmeyer
- Division of Neuroengineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Sciences and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States,Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States,*Correspondence: Rebecca Knickmeyer,
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38
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Mishra I, Pullum KB, Eads KN, Strunjas AR, Ashley NT. Peripheral Sympathectomy Alters Neuroinflammatory and Microglial Responses to Sleep Fragmentation in Female Mice. Neuroscience 2022; 505:111-124. [PMID: 36240943 PMCID: PMC9671838 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Sleep loss, either induced by obstructive sleep apnea or other forms of sleep dysfunction, induces an inflammatory response, as commonly measured by increased circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Increased catecholamines from sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation regulates this peripheral inflammation. However, the role that catecholamines play in mediating neuroinflammation from sleep perturbations is undescribed. The aims of this study were to determine (i) the effect of peripheral SNS inhibition upon neuroinflammatory responses to sleep fragmentation (SF) and (ii) whether homeostasis can be restored after 1 week of recovery sleep. We measured gene expression levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and microglial activity in brain (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus) of female mice that were subjected to acute SF for 24 hours, chronic SF for 8 weeks, or 7 days of recovery after chronic SF. In each experiment, SF and control mice were peripherally sympathectomized with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or injected with vehicle. SF elevated cytokine mRNA expression in brain and increased microglial density and cell area in some regions. In addition, chronic SF promoted hyper-ramification in resting microglia upon exposure to chronic, but not acute, SF. Effects of chronic SF were more pronounced than acute SF, and 1 week of recovery was not sufficient to alleviate neuroinflammation. Importantly, 6-OHDA treatment significantly alleviated SF-induced inflammation and microglial responses. This study provides evidence of SNS regulation of neural inflammation from SF, suggesting a potential role for therapeutics that could mitigate neuroinflammatory responses to sleep dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ila Mishra
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Keelee B Pullum
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kristen N Eads
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
| | - Anna R Strunjas
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
| | - Noah T Ashley
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA.
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Mitochondria-Targeted Human Catalase in the Mouse Longevity MCAT Model Mitigates Head-Tilt Bedrest-Induced Neuro-Inflammation in the Hippocampus. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12111838. [DOI: 10.3390/life12111838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microgravity (modeled by head-tilt bedrest and hind-limb unloading), experienced during prolonged spaceflight, results in neurological consequences, central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction, and potentially impairment during the performance of critical tasks. Similar pathologies are observed in bedrest, sedentary lifestyle, and muscle disuse on Earth. In our previous study, we saw that head-tilt bedrest together with social isolation upregulated the milieu of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus and plasma. These changes were mitigated in a MCAT mouse model overexpressing human catalase in the mitochondria, pointing out the importance of ROS signaling in this stress response. Here, we used a head-tilt model in socially housed mice to tease out the effects of head-tilt bedrest without isolation. In order to find the underlying molecular mechanisms that provoked the cytokine response, we measured CD68, an indicator of microglial activation in the hippocampus, as well as changes in normal in-cage behavior. We hypothesized that hindlimb unloading (HU) will elicit microglial hippocampal activations, which will be mitigated in the MCAT ROS-quenching mice model. Indeed, we saw an elevation of the activated microglia CD68 marker following HU in the hippocampus, and this pathology was mitigated in MCAT mice. Additionally, we identified cytokines in the hippocampus, which had significant positive correlations with CD68 and negative correlations with exploratory behaviors, indicating a link between neuroinflammation and behavioral consequences. Unveiling a correlation between molecular and behavioral changes could reveal a biomarker indicative of these responses and could also result in a potential target for the treatment and prevention of cognitive changes following long space missions and/or muscle disuse on Earth.
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40
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Smiley CE, Wood SK. Stress- and drug-induced neuroimmune signaling as a therapeutic target for comorbid anxiety and substance use disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 239:108212. [PMID: 35580690 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Stress and substance use disorders remain two of the most highly prevalent psychiatric conditions and are often comorbid. While individually these conditions have a debilitating impact on the patient and a high cost to society, the symptomology and treatment outcomes are further exacerbated when they occur together. As such, there are few effective treatment options for these patients, and recent investigation has sought to determine the neural processes underlying the co-occurrence of these disorders to identify novel treatment targets. One such mechanism that has been linked to stress- and addiction-related conditions is neuroimmune signaling. Increases in inflammatory factors across the brain have been heavily implicated in the etiology of these disorders, and this review seeks to determine the nature of this relationship. According to the "dual-hit" hypothesis, also referred to as neuroimmune priming, prior exposure to either stress or drugs of abuse can sensitize the neuroimmune system to be hyperresponsive when exposed to these insults in the future. This review completes an examination of the literature surrounding stress-induced increases in inflammation across clinical and preclinical studies along with a summarization of the evidence regarding drug-induced alterations in inflammatory factors. These changes in neuroimmune profiles are also discussed within the context of their impact on the neural circuitry responsible for stress responsiveness and addictive behaviors. Further, this review explores the connection between neuroimmune signaling and susceptibility to these conditions and highlights the anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapies that may be used for the treatment of stress and substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora E Smiley
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience; University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, United States of America; WJB Dorn Veterans Administration Medical Center, Columbia, SC 29209, United States of America.
| | - Susan K Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience; University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, United States of America; WJB Dorn Veterans Administration Medical Center, Columbia, SC 29209, United States of America.
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41
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Fujikawa R, Jinno S. Identification of hyper-ramified microglia in the CA1 region of the mouse hippocampus potentially associated with stress resilience. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:5137-5153. [PMID: 36017697 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that some individuals are less affected by stress, and such individuals are called resilient. This study aimed to determine whether the specific phenotype of microglia might be involved in resilience using the social defeat stress paradigm. Male C57BL/6J (B6) mice were attacked by aggressive male ICR mice for five consecutive days. After stress exposure, the social behaviour was reduced in about half of the B6 mice (vulnerable), whereas no such change was observed in the remaining half of the B6 mice (resilient). Anxiety-like behaviour was increased in vulnerable mice compared with resilient mice and non-stressed controls. However, depression-related behaviour was comparable between the three groups. The morphological characteristics of microglia in the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus in non-stressed controls and resilient mice differed from those in vulnerable mice. Interestingly, the voxel densities of GABAergic and glutamatergic synaptic puncta colocalized with microglia were higher in resilient mice than in non-stressed controls and vulnerable mice. Microglia were then objectively classified into three morphological types by hierarchical cluster analysis. The appearance of type I microglia resembled the so-called resting ramified microglia and represented the major population of microglia in non-stressed controls. Type II microglia exhibited a de-ramified morphology and accounted for 60% of the microglia in vulnerable mice. Type III microglia showed a hyper-ramified morphology and represented more than half of the microglia in resilient mice. These results suggest that hyper-ramified microglia in the hippocampus may be associated with stress resilience via the modulation of synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risako Fujikawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shozo Jinno
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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42
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Brief Maternal Separation Promotes Resilience to Anxiety-like and Depressive-like Behaviors in Female C57BL/6J Offspring with Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091250. [PMID: 36138986 PMCID: PMC9497052 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that often causes depression. Early life experience affects brain development and relates to depression. Whether the effect of different MS protocols in early life on anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors in female offspring with imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis is unknown. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were subjected to no separation (NMS), brief MS (15 min/day, MS15) or long MS (180 min/day, MS180) from postpartum days (PPD) 1 to PPD21. Then, 5% imiquimod cream was applied for 8 days in adults. Behavioral tests, skin lesions and hippocampal protein expression were also assessed. Results: We found significant psoriasis-like skin lesions in female mice following IMQ application, and mice showed anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors. Further, increased microglial activation and decreased expression of neuroplasticity were detected in mice following IMQ application. However, after MS15 in early life, mice showed decreased anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors, indicating resilience. Further, inhibited hippocampal neuroinflammation and increased neuroplasticity were detected. Conclusions: Collectively, this study confirms that brief MS confers resilience to the behavior deficits in female offspring with IMQ-induced psoriasis and reverses the activation of neuroinflammation and the damage of neuroplasticity injury.
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Matsuno H, Tsuchimine S, O'Hashi K, Sakai K, Hattori K, Hidese S, Nakajima S, Chiba S, Yoshimura A, Fukuzato N, Kando M, Tatsumi M, Ogawa S, Ichinohe N, Kunugi H, Sohya K. Association between vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated blood-brain barrier dysfunction and stress-induced depression. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3822-3832. [PMID: 35618888 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that stress induces the neurovascular dysfunction associated with increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, which could be an important pathology linking stress and psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the detailed mechanism resulting in BBB dysfunction associated in the pathophysiology of MDD still remains unclear. Herein, we demonstrate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key mediator of vascular angiogenesis and BBB permeability, in stress-induced BBB dysfunction and depressive-like behavior development. We implemented an animal model of depression, chronic restraint stress (RS) in BALB/c mice, and found that the BBB permeability was significantly increased in chronically stressed mice. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic observations revealed that increased BBB permeability was associated with both paracellular and transcellular barrier alterations in the brain endothelial cells. Pharmacological inhibition of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) using a specific monoclonal antibody (DC101) prevented chronic RS-induced BBB permeability and anhedonic behavior. Considered together, these results indicate that VEGF/VEGFR2 plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of depression by increasing the BBB permeability, and suggest that VEGFR2 inhibition could be a potential therapeutic strategy for the MDD subtype associated with BBB dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Matsuno
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
| | - Shoko Tsuchimine
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Kazunori O'Hashi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Sakai
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hattori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Hidese
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakajima
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Shuichi Chiba
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.,Faculty of Veterinary Medical Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Aya Yoshimura
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.,Education and Research Center of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Noriko Fukuzato
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Mayumi Kando
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Megumi Tatsumi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Shintaro Ogawa
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.,Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Noritaka Ichinohe
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sohya
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan. .,Division of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, 849-8501, Japan.
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Miyata S, Ishino Y, Shimizu S, Tohyama M. Involvement of inflammatory responses in the brain to the onset of major depressive disorder due to stress exposure. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:934346. [PMID: 35936767 PMCID: PMC9354609 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.934346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a multifactorial disease affected by several environmental factors. Although several potential onset hypotheses have been identified, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of this disorder remain unclear. Several recent studies have suggested that among many environmental factors, inflammation and immune abnormalities in the brain or the peripheral tissues are associated with the onset of MDDs. Furthermore, several stress-related hypotheses have been proposed to explain the onset of MDDs. Thus, inflammation or immune abnormalities can be considered stress responses that occur within the brain or other tissues and are regarded as one of the mechanisms underlying the stress hypothesis of MDDs. Therefore, we introduce several current advances in inflammation studies in the brain that might be related to the pathophysiology of MDD due to stress exposure in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Miyata
- Division of Molecular Brain Science, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shingo Miyata
| | - Yugo Ishino
- Division of Molecular Brain Science, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoko Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Brain Science, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaya Tohyama
- Division of Molecular Brain Science, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
- Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Osaka, Japan
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45
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Xiao X, Zhang H, Ning W, Yang Z, Wang Y, Zhang T. Knockdown of FSTL1 inhibits microglia activation and alleviates depressive-like symptoms through modulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in CUMS mice. Exp Neurol 2022; 353:114060. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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46
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Ferrara NC, Trask S, Yan L, Padival M, Helmstetter FJ, Rosenkranz JA. Isolation driven changes in Iba1-positive microglial morphology are associated with social recognition memory in adults and adolescents. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2022; 192:107626. [PMID: 35545212 PMCID: PMC9669926 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2022.107626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are critical for regulation of neuronal circuits that mature from adolescence to adulthood. The morphological complexity and process length of microglia can indicate different activation states. These states are sensitive to a variety of environmental and stress conditions. Microglia are sensitive to many factors that also regulate social behavior, and in turn, microglial manipulations can impact social function. Brief social isolation is one factor that can lead to robust social changes. Here, we explored the role of microglia in the effects of brief social isolation on social recognition memory. Using morphological measures of Iba1 to index microglial intensity, complexity, and process length, we identified different effects of brief isolation on microglial complexity in the basal region of the amygdala between adults and adolescents alongside overall increases in intensity of Iba1 in several cortical brain regions. Short-term social recognition memory is sensitive to the amount of social engagement, and provides an opportunity to test if social engagement produced by brief isolation enhances social learning in a manner that relies on microglia. We found that brief isolation facilitated social interaction across ages but had opposing effects on short-term social recognition. Isolation increased novel partner investigation in adolescents, which is consistent with better social recognition, but increased familiar partner investigation in adults. Depletion of microglia with PLX3397 prevented these effects of brief isolation in adolescents, and reduced them in adults. These results suggest that distinct changes in microglial function driven by the social environment may differentially contribute to subsequent social recognition memory during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Ferrara
- Department of Foundational Sciences and Humanities, Discipline of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Neurobiology of Stress Resilience and Psychiatric Disorders, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Sydney Trask
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Lily Yan
- Department of Foundational Sciences and Humanities, Discipline of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Neurobiology of Stress Resilience and Psychiatric Disorders, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mallika Padival
- Department of Foundational Sciences and Humanities, Discipline of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Neurobiology of Stress Resilience and Psychiatric Disorders, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fred J Helmstetter
- Department of Department of Psychology, The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - J Amiel Rosenkranz
- Department of Foundational Sciences and Humanities, Discipline of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Neurobiology of Stress Resilience and Psychiatric Disorders, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
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47
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Nahum K, Todder D, Zohar J, Cohen H. The Role of Microglia in the (Mal)adaptive Response to Traumatic Experience in an Animal Model of PTSD. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137185. [PMID: 35806185 PMCID: PMC9266429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates whether predator scent-stress (PSS) shifts the microglia from a quiescent to a chronically activated state and whether morphological alterations in microglial activation differ between individuals displaying resilient vs. vulnerable phenotypes. In addition, we examined the role that GC receptors play during PSS exposure in the impairment of microglial activation and thus in behavioral response. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to PSS or sham-PSS for 15 min. Behaviors were assessed with the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and acoustic startle response (ASR) paradigms 7 days later. Localized brain expression of Iba-1 was assessed, visualized, and classified based on their morphology and stereological counted. Hydrocortisone and RU486 were administered systemically 10 min post PSS exposure and behavioral responses were measured on day 7 and hippocampal expression of Ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) was subsequently evaluated. Animals whose behavior was extremely disrupted (PTSD-phenotype) selectively displayed excessive expression of Iba-1 with concomitant downregulation in the expression of CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) in hippocampal structures as compared with rats whose behavior was minimally or partially disrupted. Changes in microglial morphology have also been related only to the PTSD-phenotype group. These data indicate that PSS-induced microglia activation in the hippocampus serves as a critical mechanistic link between the HPA-axis and PSS-induced impairment in behavioral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesem Nahum
- Department of Psychology Experimental Psychology, Brain and Cognition, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel;
| | - Doron Todder
- Beer-Sheva Mental Health Center, Ministry of Health, Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8461144, Israel;
| | - Joseph Zohar
- Post-Trauma Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel;
| | - Hagit Cohen
- Department of Psychology Experimental Psychology, Brain and Cognition, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel;
- Beer-Sheva Mental Health Center, Ministry of Health, Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8461144, Israel;
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-8-6401742
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48
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Neuroprotective effects of dimethyl fumarate against depression-like behaviors via astrocytes and microglia modulation in mice: possible involvement of the HCAR2/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:1029-1045. [PMID: 35665831 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02247-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We postulated that dimethyl fumarate (DMF) exerts neuroprotective effects against depression-like behaviors through astrocytes and microglia modulation. To ascertain our hypothesis and define the mechanistic pathways involved in effect of DMF on neuroinflammation, we used the depression model induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), in which, the mice were exposed to stressful events for 28 days and from the 14th day they received DMF in the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg or fluoxetine 10 mg/kg or saline. On the 29th day, the animals were subjected to behavioral tests. Microglia (Iba1) and astrocyte (GFAP) marker expressions were evaluated by immunofluorescence analyzes and the cytokines TNF-α and IL-Iβ by immunoenzymatic assay. In addition, computational target prediction, 3D protein structure prediction, and docking calculations were performed with monomethyl fumarate (DMF active metabolite) and the Keap1 and HCAR2 proteins, which suggested that these could be the probable targets related protective effects. CUMS induced anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors, cognitive deficit, decreased GFAP, and increased Iba1, TNF-α, and IL-Iβ expression in the hippocampus. These alterations were reversed by DMF. Thus, it is suggested that one of the mechanisms involved in the antidepressant effect of DMF is neuroinflammatory suppression, through the signaling pathway HCAR2/Nrf2. However, more studies must be performed to better understand the molecular mechanisms of this drug.
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Bauer KC, York EM, Cirstea MS, Radisavljevic N, Petersen C, Huus KE, Brown EM, Bozorgmehr T, Berdún R, Bernier L, Lee AHY, Woodward SE, Krekhno Z, Han J, Hancock REW, Ayala V, MacVicar BA, Finlay BB. Gut microbes shape microglia and cognitive function during malnutrition. Glia 2022; 70:820-841. [PMID: 35019164 PMCID: PMC9305450 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fecal-oral contamination promotes malnutrition pathology. Lasting consequences of early life malnutrition include cognitive impairment, but the underlying pathology and influence of gut microbes remain largely unknown. Here, we utilize an established murine model combining malnutrition and iterative exposure to fecal commensals (MAL-BG). The MAL-BG model was analyzed in comparison to malnourished (MAL mice) and healthy (CON mice) controls. Malnourished mice display poor spatial memory and learning plasticity, as well as altered microglia, non-neuronal CNS cells that regulate neuroimmune responses and brain plasticity. Chronic fecal-oral exposures shaped microglial morphology and transcriptional profile, promoting phagocytic features in MAL-BG mice. Unexpectedly, these changes occurred independently from significant cytokine-induced inflammation or blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, key gut-brain pathways. Metabolomic profiling of the MAL-BG cortex revealed altered polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) profiles and systemic lipoxidative stress. In contrast, supplementation with an ω3 PUFA/antioxidant-associated diet (PAO) mitigated cognitive deficits within the MAL-BG model. These findings provide valued insight into the malnourished gut microbiota-brain axis, highlighting PUFA metabolism as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylynda C. Bauer
- Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Microbiology and Immunology DepartmentUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Elisa M. York
- Psychiatry Department, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain HealthUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Mihai S. Cirstea
- Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Microbiology and Immunology DepartmentUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Nina Radisavljevic
- Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology DepartmentUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Charisse Petersen
- Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Kelsey E. Huus
- Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Microbiology and Immunology DepartmentUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Eric M. Brown
- Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Microbiology and Immunology DepartmentUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | | | - Rebeca Berdún
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRB‐Lleida)LleidaSpain
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversitat de Lleida (UdL)LleidaSpain
| | - Louis‐Philippe Bernier
- Psychiatry Department, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain HealthUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Amy H. Y. Lee
- Microbiology and Immunology DepartmentUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Sarah E. Woodward
- Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Microbiology and Immunology DepartmentUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Zakhar Krekhno
- Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Jun Han
- The Metabolomics Innovation CentreUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaCanada
| | - Robert E. W. Hancock
- Microbiology and Immunology DepartmentUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Victoria Ayala
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRB‐Lleida)LleidaSpain
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversitat de Lleida (UdL)LleidaSpain
| | - Brian A. MacVicar
- Psychiatry Department, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain HealthUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Barton Brett Finlay
- Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Microbiology and Immunology DepartmentUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology DepartmentUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
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50
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Duan N, Zhang Y, Tan S, Sun J, Ye M, Gao H, Pu K, Wu M, Wang Q, Zhai Q. Therapeutic targeting of STING-TBK1-IRF3 signalling ameliorates chronic stress induced depression-like behaviours by modulating neuroinflammation and microglia phagocytosis. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 169:105739. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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